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vn/
1

Cu 1.Cho mch in nh hnh 1, trong cc vn k ging nhau.
Nu mc hai im M v N vo mt ngun in c hiu in th
khng i U th ampe k ch I
1
= 3 mA v c 2 vn k cng ch 12
V. Cn nu mc cc im P v Q vo ngun in ni trn th ampe
k ch I
2
= 15 mA.
1) Tnh in tr ca mi vn k v gi tr U.
2) Nu mc hai im M v Q vo ngun in trn th s ch ca cc
vn k v ampe k lc ny bng bao nhiu?

Gii
1) Khi mc ngun vo hai im M v N th hai vn k ch 12 V
chnh l hai vn k mc ni tip vi ampe k, V
1
v V
3
.
V vy in tr cc vn k l:
( )
V
V 3
1
U 12
R 4000
I 3.10

= = = O

Ngoi ra, ta cn c:
V A 1
U 2U (R R )I = + + (1)
Cn khi mc ngun vo hai im P v Q th in tr R v ampe k mc ni tip vi nhau v cng
mc trc tip vo ngun. Do ta c:
A 2
U (R R )I = + (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra :
( )
3
V 2
3 3
2 1
2U I 2.12.15.10
U 30 V
I I 15.10 3.10

= = =


T (2) ( )
A 3
2
U 30
R R 2000
I 15.10

+ = = = O
2) Khi mc hai im M v Q vo ngun in, mch gm: (V
2
nt V
3
) // (V
1
nt R nt R
A
).
( )
2 3
U U U/ 2 15 V = = =

( )
( ) ( )
3
A
V A
U 30
I 5.10 A 5 mA
R R R 4000 2000

= = = =
+ + +

( )
3
1 A V
U I .R 5.10 .4000 20 V

= = =

Cu 2.Cho mch in nh hnh 3. Cc in tr trong mch c
cng gi tr. Hiu in th t vo hai u A v B c gi tr
khng i l U. Mc gia M v N mt vn k l tng th vn k
ch 12V.
a) Tm gi tr U.
b) Thay vn k bi ampe k l tng th ampe k ch 1,0 A. Tnh
gi tr ca mi in tr.


Gii
1) Khi mc vn k vo M v N, mch c dng:
[(R
1
nt R
3
) // R
2
//R
4
] nt R
5

R
13
= 2R;
13 1234 t
2R 7
R 2R; R R R
5 5
= = =

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2
1234
1 13
t
2R
R 1 1 1 U
5
U U U U
7R
2 2 R 2 7
5
= = = =
Khi , vn k ch:
MN
MN 3 5 1
7U 6 7.12
U U U U U U U 14 V
7 6 6
= + = = = = =
2) Khi mc ampe k vo M v N, mch c dng: R
1
// [(R
2
//R
4
) nt (R
3
//R
5
)]
24 35 2345 t
R R
R R R R R
2 2
= = = =
Khi , ampe k ch: I
A
= I - I
5

Vi
5
U
U 2U U
2
I ; I
R R R 2R
2
= = = =
Vy:
R 2
U 3
R 2
U
R
U 2
I
A
= =



Cu 3.(2,5 im) Cho mch in nh hnh 2. Bit R
1
= R
2
= 3O, R
3
= 2O, R
4
l bin tr, ampe k
v vn k u l tng, cc dy ni v kha K c in tr khng ng k.
1. iu chnh R
4
= 4O.
a) t U
BD
= 6V, ng kha K. Tm s ch ampe k v vn k ?
b) M kha K, thay i U
BD
n gi tr no th vn k ch 2V ?
2. Gi U
BD
= 6V. ng kha K v di chuyn con chy C ca
bin tr R
4
t u bn tri sang u bn phi th s ch ca
ampe k I
A
thay i nh th no?

Gii
1.a. Khi kha K ng, tm s ch ca ampe k v vn k?
( )
1 3
13
1 3
BD 13 24
2 4
24
2 4
R R 3.2 6
R 1, 2
R R 3 2 5
12 20, 4
R R R 1,2
7 7 R R 3.4 12
R
R R 3 4 7

= = = = O

+ +

= + = + = O
`

= = = O

+ +
)

Cng dng in mch chnh : I = ( )
BD
BD
U 6
I 2, 06 A
20, 4
R
7
= = ~
Hiu in th gia hai u R
1
v R
3
:
( )
13 1 3 13
21
U U U I.R .1, 2 2, 47 V
10, 2
= = = = ~
Cng dng in qua R
1
: ( )
1
1
1
U 2, 47
I 0,82 A
R 3
= = =
Hiu in th gia hai u R
2
v R
4
: ( )
24 2 4 24
12
U U U I.R 2, 06. 3,53 V
7
= = = = ~
Cng dng in qua R
2
: ( )
2
2
2
U 3,53
I 1,18 A
R 3
= = ~
Do I
2
> I
1
nn I
A
= I
2
- I
1
= 1,18 - 0,82 = 0,36(A)
Vy dng in qua ampe k c chiu t N n M v c cng I
A
= 0,36(A)
Ampe k c in tr khng ng k ni tt M v N => U
MN
= 0(V)nn vn k ch s 0
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3
b. Khi m K, vn k ch 2 (V). Xc nh U
BD
= ?
R
12
= R
1
+ R
2
= 6 ( O)
R
34
= R
3
+ R
4
= 6 (O)
12 34
U
I I
6
= =

Ta c : ( )
1 12 1 3 34 3 V 1 3 V
U U U U U U U
U I .R 3. ; U I .R 2. ; U U U U 6U 6.2 12 V
6 2 6 3 2 3 6
= = = = = = = = = = = =
2. ng kha K v di chuyn con chy C ca bin tr R
4
t u bn tri sang u bn phi th s
ch ca ampe k I
A
thay i nh th no ?
Ta c :
( )
1 3
13
1 3
R R 3.2
R 1, 2
R R 3 2
= = = O
+ +

t
2
NC 24
2
R .x 3.x
R x R
R x 3 x
= = =
+ +

BD
3.x 4, 2x 3, 6
R 1, 2
3 x 3 x
+
= + =
+ +

BD
U 6 6(3 x)
I
4, 2x 3, 6
R 4, 2x 3, 6
3 x
+
= = =
+
+
+

13
13 13 1
1
7, 2(3 x)
6(3 x) 7, 2(3 x) U 2, 4(3 x)
4, 2x 3, 6
U I.R .1, 2 I
4, 2x 3, 6 4, 2x 3, 6 R 3 4, 2x 3, 6
+
+ + +
+
= = = = = =
+ + +


24
24 24 2
2
18x
6(3 x) 3x 18x U 6x
4, 2x 3, 6
U I.R . I
4, 2x 3, 6 3 x 4, 2x 3, 6 R 3 4, 2x 3, 6
+
+
= = = = = =
+ + + +

* Xt hai trng hp :
- Trng hp 1 : Dng in chy qua ampe k c chiu t M n N.
Khi : I
A
= I
1
- I
2
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
) 3 ( 4 , 2
+
+
x
x
-
6 , 3 2 , 4
. 6
+ x
x
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
6 , 3 2 , 7
+

x
x
(1)
Bin lun :
Khi x = 0 th I
A
= 2 (A)
Khi x tng th (7,2 - 3,6.x) gim ; (4,2.x + 3,6) tng do I
A
gim.
- Trng hp 2 : Dng in chy qua ampe k c chiu t N n M.
Khi : I
A
= I
2
- I
1
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
. 6
+ x
x
-
6 , 3 2 , 4
) 3 ( 4 , 2
+
+
x
x
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
2 , 7 6 , 3
+

x
x

Khi x = 2 th
A
7, 2 3, 6.2
I 0
4, 2.2 3, 6

= =
+

Khi
A
7, 2
3, 6
x
x 2 I
3, 6
4, 2
x

= =
+
(2)
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4
Bin lun :
+ Khi x tng t 2 ( O) tr ln th
x
2 , 7
v
x
6 , 3
u gim do I
A

tng.
+ Khi x rt ln ( x ) th
x
2 , 7
v
x
6 , 3
0. Do I
A
~ 0,86
(A) v cng dng chy qua in tr R
4
rt nh. S mch
c th v nh hnh bn.

Cu 4.Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit hiu in th U khng i, R l bin tr. Khi cng dng
in chy trong mch l I
1
= 2A th cng sut to nhit trn bin tr l P
1
= 48W, khi cng dng
in l I
2
= 5A th cng sut to nhit trn bin tr l P
2
= 30W. B qua in tr dy ni.
a) Tm hiu in th U v in tr r?
b) Mc in tr R
0
= 12O vo hai im A v B mch trn. Cn
thay i bin tr R n gi tr bao nhiu cng sut to nhit trn
b R
0
v R bng cng sut to nhit trn R
0
sau khi tho b R khi
mch?

Gii
a) Gi in tr ca bin tr ng vi hai trng hp cho l R
1
v R
2
th:

1 1
U I (r R ) = + vi
1
1
2
1
P
R 12
I
= = O


2 2
U I (r R ) = + vi
2
2 2
2
P 6
R
5 I
= = O

Gii h phng trnh trn ta c: U = 36V v r = 6O
b) Khi R
0
nt r th cng sut to nhit trn R
0
l:
2
1 0 2
0
U
P .R
(R r)
=
+

t in tr tng ng ca (R
0
// R) l x.
Khi mc (R
0
// R) nt r th cng sut to nhit trn x l:
2
2 2
U
P .x
(x r)
=
+

Theo bi ra, ta c:
2 2
0
1 2 0 2 2 2 2
0 0
U U R x
P P .R .x
(R r) (x r) (R r) (x r)
= = =
+ + + +

Gii ra ta c: x
1
= 3 hoc x
2
= 12
T : Khi
0
1
0
R x 12.3
x 3 R 4
R x 12 3
= O = = = O


Khi x
2
= 12 th R = 0.
Cu 5.Cho mch in c s nh hnh v. Bit: U = 10V, R
1
= 2O, R
2
= 9O, R
3
= 3O, R
4
=
7O, in tr ca vn k l R
V
= 150O. Tm s ch ca vn k.

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5
Gii
- Ta c cc phng trnh:
AB AC CD DB 1 2 1 2 1 2
U = U + U + U = 2I + 150I + 7(I - I + I ) = - 5I + 157I + 7I = 10
(1)
AB AC CB 1 1 2 1 2
U = U + U = 2I + 9(I - I ) = 11I - 9I = 10 (2)
AB AD DB 1 1 2
1 2
U = U + U = 3(I - I ) + 7(I - I + I )
= - 10I + 7I + 10I = 10
(3)
- Gii ba h phng trnh trn ta c: I
1
~ 0,915A; I
2
~ 0,008A; I
~ 1,910A.
- S ch ca vn k:
V 2 V
U = I R = 0,008 150 = 1,2(V) .

Cu 6.Nu mt phng n thc nghim xc nh in tr ca mt ampe k. Dng c gm: mt
ngun in c hiu in th khng i, mt ampe k cn xc nh in tr, mt in tr R
0
bit
gi tr, mt bin tr con chy R
b
c in tr ton phn ln hn R
0
, hai cng tc in K
1
v K
2
, mt
s dy dn dng. Cc cng tc in v dy dn c in tr khng ng k.
Ch : Khng mc ampe k trc tip vo ngun.
Gii
- B tr mch in nh hnh v (hoc m t ng cch mc).
- Bc 1: Ch ng K
1
: s ch ampe k l I
1
.
Ta c: U = I
1
(R
A
+ R
0
) (1)
- Bc 2: Ch ng K
2
v dch chuyn con chy ampe k ch I
1
. Khi
phn bin tr tham gia vo mch in c gi tr bng R
0
.
- Bc 3: Gi nguyn v tr con chy ca bin
tr c 2 ri ng c K
1
v K
2
, s ch ampe
k l I
2
.
Ta c: U = I
2
(R
A
+ R
0
/2) (2)
- Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2) ta tm c:
1 2 0
A
2 1
(2I I )R
R
2(I I )

.

Cu 7.Cho mch in c s nh hnh v. Bit : U = 12 V, R
1
= 15 O,R
2
=
10 O, R
3
= 12 O; R
4
l bin tr. B qua in tr ca ampe k v ca dy ni.
a) iu chnh cho R
4
= 8 . Tnh cng dng in qua ampe k.
b) iu chnh

R
4
sao cho dng in qua ampe k c chiu t M n
N v c cng l 0,2 A. Tnh gi tr ca R
4
tham gia vo mch in lc
.

Gii
a) Mch cu cn bng I
A
= 0
(HS c th lm nhiu cch khc nhau, nhng ng kt qu I
A
= 0, vn cho im ti a).
( )
12 12
A 1 3 12 34
1 3
34 12
4 2 A A 4
2 4
U 12 U
I I I 0, 2A U 8V U 4V
R R
U U
I = I + I = + I =0,8 0, 2 1A R = =4
R I

= = = = =
+ = O


Cu 8.Mt hp kn H c ba u ra. Bit rng trong hp kn l s mch in c to bi cc
in tr. Nu mc hai cht 1 v 3 vo hiu in th ngun khng i U = 15 V th hiu in th
gia cc cp cht 1 - 2 v 2 - 3 ln lt l U
12
= 6 V v U
23
= 9 V. Nu mc hai cht 2 v 3 cng
vo hiu in th U trn th hiu in th gia cc cp cht 2 - 1 v 1- 3 ln lt l U
21
= 10 V v
U
13
= 5 V.
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6
a, Hy v mt s mch in trong hp kn H vi s in tr t nht. Cho rng
in tr nh nht trong mch in ny l R, hy tnh cc in tr cn li trong
mch .
b, Vi s mch in trn, nu mc hai cht 1 v 2 vo hiu in th U trn
th cc hiu in th U
13
v U
32
l bao nhiu?
1
2
3
H

Gii
- Theo bi ra, khi thay i cc cp u vo ca mch in th hiu in th gia cc cp u ra
cng thay i, ta suy ra rng gia cc cp cht phi c in tr khc nhau v s in tr t nht ca
mch trong hp kn H l 3.
(Hc sinh c th trnh by mt trong hai s cch mc sau v tnh cc i lng m bi ton
yu cu theo s , mi cch trnh by hon ton ng u cho im ti a ca bi 5)
Cch 1 :
- Khi U
13
= 15(V) th U
12
= 6(V) v U
23
= 9(V).
Ta c :
1 12
3 23
R U 6 2
R U 9 3
= = = (1)
- Khi U
23
= 15(V) th U
21
= 10(V) v U
13
= 5(V).
Ta c :
2 21
3 13
R U 10
2
R U 5
= = = (2) 1
2
3
R
R
R 1
2
3

T (1) v (2) suy ra : R
1
l in tr nh nht R
1
= R, R
2
= 3R, R
3
= 1,5R.
- Khi U
12
= 15(V). Ta c :
13 1
32 2
U R R 1
U R 3R 3
= = = (*)
Mt khc : U
13
+ U
32
= U
12
= 15(V) (**)
T (*) v (**) ta c : U
13
= 3,75 (V); U
32
= 11,25 (V).
Cch 2 :
- Khi U
13
= 15(V) th U
12
= 6(V) v U
23
= 9(V).
Ta c :
3 12
1 23
R U 6 2
R U 9 3
= = = (3)
- Khi U
23
= 15(V) th U
21
= 10(V) v U
13
= 5(V).
Ta c :
3 21
2 13
R U 10
2
R U 5
= = = (4)
T (1) v (2) suy ra : R
2
l in tr nh nht R
2
= R, R
1
= 3R, R
3
= 2R.
- Khi U
12
= 15(V). Ta c :
13 2
32 1
U R R 1
U R 3R 3
= = = (***)
Mt khc : U
13
+ U
32
= U
12
= 15(V) (****)
T (***) v (****) ta c : U
13
= 3,75 (V); U
32
= 11,25 (V).

Cu 9.Cho mch in (nh hnh v 1). Trong : R
1
= 1 , R
2
= 4 , R
3
= 29,2 , R
4
= 30 , ampe k v dy ni c in tr
khng ng k. Hiu in th t vo 2 u mch A,B l U =
30V.
a. Tnh in tr tng ng ca mch AB.
b. Tm ch s ca ampe k .

a.V 0 R
A
chp im A v C mch in nh sau :
( ) { }


/ / / /
1 2 3 4
R R nt R R
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7
= = = O = + = + = O
+
= = = O
+
1.4
1 2
0, 8( ); 0, 8 29, 2 30( )
12 123 12 3
5
1 2
. 30.30
123 4
15( )
60
123 4
R R
R R R R
R R
R R
R
AB
R R


b. Ta c:
= = = =
= = = = = = = = = =
U 30
I I I , I 2 (A)
A 1
R 15
AB
U
U 30 0, 8
12
I I 1(A) U I .R 1.0, 8 0, 8 (V) I 0, 8 (A)
3 12 12 12 12 1
R 30 R 1
123 1

Vy am pe k ch: I
A
= I I
1
= 2 0,8 = 1,2 (A)
Cu 10.Cho mch in nh hnh v. Khi K
1
, K
2
u ngt vn k
ch 120V. Khi K
1
ng ,

K
2
ngt vn k ch 80V. Hi khi K
1
ngt,
K
2
ng th vn k

ch bao nhiu ?

Gii
+ Khi K
1
v K
2
u ngt ta c mch in

Gi in tr ca vn k l R
V

Gi U l hiu in th ton mch U
V
= 120V
ta c R
tm
= R + 6R + R
V
= 7R + R
v
( O) ( ) ( )
V
tm V tm V
V V
U UR
I A U I .R 120 V
7R R 7R R
= = = =
+ +

(1)
+ K
1
ng, K
2
ngt th ta c mch in
R
tm
=
2
v V
tm
V V
7RR 14RR 49R
R 7R
7R R 7R R
+
= + =
+ +

( )
V
tm 2
tm V
U U(7R R )
I A
R 14RR 49R
+
= =
+

V V
V 2
V V
7URR UR
U 80
14RR 49R 2R 7R
= = =
+ +
(2)
Kt hp (1) v (2) ta c R
V
= 7R thay vo (2)
U = ) ( 240
) 7 2 ( 80
V
R
R R
V
V
=
+


+ K
1
ngt, K
2
ng
R
tm
= 7R +
V
V
14RR
14R R +

14R 35
7R R
3 3
= + = ( O)
I
tm
=
tm
U 240.3 144
R 35R 7R
= = = I
2345V
(A)
U
V
= U
2345V
= I
2345V
R
2345V
= 96(V)

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8
A
R
1
R
2 R
3
R
4
A

B

+ -
Vy khi K
1
ngt K
2
ng vn k ch 96V
Cu 11. Cho mch in nh hnh 1, U = 12V v lun khng i, R
1
= 12O, n ghi 6V- 6W,
bin tr l mt dy dn ng cht, tit din u c in tr ton phn l R
b
= 24O. Coi in tr ca
n khng i v khng ph thuc vo nhit , in tr cc dy ni khng ng k.
1. iu chnh con chy C sao cho phn bin tr R
AC
= 12O, tnh:
a) in tr tng ng ca on mch AB.
b) Cng dng in qua n v nhit lng ta ra trn R
1
trong 5 pht.
2. iu chnh con chy C n sng bnh thng. Tnh in tr ca phn
bin tr R
AC
.


Gii
S mch nh hnh v: (R
AC
//R

)nt(R
BC
//R
1
)
a) R

= 6
6
6
2 2
= =
U
P
(O); 4
6 12
6 . 12
.
=
+
=
+
=
AC
AC
AC
R R
R R
R (O)
6
12 12
12 . 12
1
1 .
1
=
+
=
+
=
R R
R R
R
BC
BC
BC
(O); R
t
= R
AC
+ R
BC1
= 10(O)

b) I
AC
= I
BC1
= I = 2 , 1
10
12
= =
t
R
U
(A); U

= U
AC
= I
AC
.R
AC
= 4,8(V)
- Dng in qua n : I

= 8 , 0
6
8 , 4
= =

R
U
(A)
- U
1 =
U
BC1
= I
BC1
.R
BC1
= 1,2.6 = 7,2(V); I
1
= 6 , 0
12
2 , 7
1
1
= =
R
U
(A)
- Nhit lng ta ra trn R
1
trong 5 pht l : Q = I
1
2
.R
1
.t = 0,6
2
.12.300 = 1296 (J)
- n sng bnh thng U

= U
m
= 6V =
2
U
nn R
AC
= R
BC1
AC
AC
R R
R R
+
.
=
1
1
R R
R R
BC
BC
+

6
6
.
+
AC
AC
R
R
=
AC
AC
R
R

36
12 ). 24 (
.

2
AC
R =288R
AC
= 12 2 (O) ~ 16,97O
Cu 12.Cho mch in nh hnh 2. Bit R
1
= 30O, R
2
= 15O,
R
3
= 5O, R
4
l bin tr, hiu in th U
AB
khng i, b qua
in tr Ampe k, cc dy ni v kha k.
1. Khi k m, iu chnh R
4
= 8O, Ampe k ch 0,3A. Tnh
hiu in th U
AB.

2. in tr R
4
bng bao nhiu khi k ng hay k m Ampe
k ch mt gi tr khng i? Tnh s ch ca Ampe k khi
v cng dng in qua kha k khi k ng.

Gii
- Khi K m: (R
1
//(R
2
ntR
3
))ntR
4


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9
R
23
= R
2
+ R
3
= 15 + 5 = 20(O); R
123
= 12
20 30
20 . 30 .
23 1
23 1
=
+
=
+ R R
R R
(O)
R
t
= R
123
+ R
4
= 12 + 8 = 20(O); I
23
= I
3
= I
A
= 0,3(A)
U
123
= U
1
= U
23
= I
23
.R
23
= 0,3.20 = 6(V); I
1
= 2 , 0
30
6
1
1
= =
R
U
(A) ;
I = I
1
+ I
123
= 0,5(A); U = I.R
t
= 0,5.20 = 10(V)
- Khi k m, mch ging cu 1
4 4 23
123
4 123
3
12
6
20 ) 12 (
12 . 10
.
R R R
R
R R
U
I
+
=
+
=
+
= (1)
- Khi k ng, mch nh hnh v







=
+
+
+
=
4 3
4
4 3
4 3
1
3
.
.
'
R R
R
R R
R R
R
U
I
4
4
4 3 4 1 3 1
4
35 150
10
.
.
R
R
R R R R R R
R U
+
=
+ +
4
4
7 30
2
R
R
+
= (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c:
4
12
6
R +
4
4
7 30
2
R
R
+
= 90 + 21R
4
= 12R
4
+ R
4
2
R
4
2
- 9R
4
90 = 0
Gii phng trnh trn, ta c: R
4
= 15O; R
4
= -6 O(loi)
- S ch ca Ampe k: I
A
= I'
3
= I
3
=
4
12
6
R +
=
15 12
6
+
=
9
2
~ 0,22 (A)
- Cng dng in qua kha K: I
k
= I
2
+ I
3
=
3
2
I
R
U
+ =
9
2
15
10
+ =
9
8
~ 0,89(A)
Cu 13.
Cho mch in nh hnh 1. U = 32V, R
1
= 6O, R
2
= 4O,
R
3
= 2,6O, R
4
= 5O, R
5
= 1O, R
6
= 6O. B qua in tr cc dy ni
v cc ampe k.
1. Tnh in tr tng ng ton mch, s ch ampe k A
1
, A
2
.
2. Tnh hiu in th gia hai im N v M.


Gii
1. V ampe k A
1
, A
2
c in khng ng k nn: R
12
= 2,4O; R
123
= 6O; R
45
= 6O; R
12345
= 3O; R
t
= 9O
Dng in qua ampe k A
1
: I = I
6
= I
A1
=
t
R
U
= 4A
Dng in qua ampe k A
2
:
Ta c : U
12345
= U
45
= U
123
= U U
6
= 12V; I
45
= I
4
= I
5
=
45
45
R
U
= 2A; I
123
= I
3
=
123
123
R
U
= 2A.
Ta c : U
12
= U
2
= I
12.
R
12
= 4,8V I
2
=
2
12
R
U
= 1,2A
I
A2
= I
2
+ I
5
= 3,2A
2. Hiu in th gia hai im N v M l: U
NM
= U
2
U
5
= 2,8V


R
1
R
4
R
3
R
2
A

B

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10
Cu 14.Cho mch in nh hnh 2. Bit hiu in th gia hai u on mch
khng i U = 60V, R
1
= R
3
= R
4
= 2O, R
6
= 3,2O, R
2
l 1 bin tr. B qua in
tr cc dy ni.
1. iu chnh R
2
sao cho dng in i qua in tr R
5
bng 0. Tnh R
2
lc v
dng in qua cc in tr.
2. Khi R
2
= 10O, dng in qua R
5
l 2A v theo chiu t C n D. Tnh R
5



Gii
1.
Gi I
1
, I
2
, I
3
, I
4
, I
5
, I
6
lt l cng dng in qua cc in tr R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
5
, R
6
.
Khi dng in qua R
5
l I
5
= 0: Mch cu cn bng
Do : R
1
.R
4
= R
2
.R
3
R
2
= 2O
in tr tng ng ca mch in: R
t
= O = +
+
2 , 5
.
6
24 13
24 13
R
R R
R R

Cng dng in qua R
6
l : I
6
= I = A
R
U
t
54 , 11 = .
Cng dng in qua cc in tr l : V R
13
= R
24
nn: I
1
= I
3
= I
2
= I
4
= A
I
77 , 5
2
=
2.
V I
5
= 2A suy ra mch cu khng cn bng.
Ti nt C: I
3
= I
1
I
5
= I
1
2 (1)
Ti nt D: I
4
= I
2
+ I
5
= I
2
+ 2. (2) . (0,25 im)
Hiu in th gia hai u on mch AB: U
AB
= U
1
+ U
3
= U
2
+ U
4

U
AB
= I
1
R
1
+ I
3
R
3
= I
2
R
2
+ I
4
R
4


U
AB
= 2I
1
+ 2(I
1
2) = 10I
2
+ 2(I
2
+ 2) (3)
Thay (1),(2) vo (3) 2I
1
+ 2(I
1
2) = 10I
2
+ 2(I
2
+ 2) I
1
= 3I
2
+ 2 (4)
Ta c : U = U
AB
+ U
6
(5) v I
6
= I
1
+ I
2
(6)
Thay (3), (4), (6) vo (5), ta c: 60 = 10I
2
+ 2(I
2
+ 2) + 3,2( 4I
2
+ 2) I
2
= 2A.
T (4) suy ra : I
1
= 8A...(0,5 im)
Hiu in th gia hai u in tr R
5
: U
5
= U
2
U
1
= 4V.(0,5 im)
Suy ra : R
5
= O = 2
5
5
I
U
(0,25 im)

Cu 15.Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit R
1
= 45 ; R
2
= 90 ; R
3
= 15; R
4

l mt in tr thay i c. Hiu in th U
AB
khng i; b qua in tr ca
ampe k v ca kha k.
a) Kha k m, iu chnh R
4
= 24 th ampe k ch 0,9A. Hy tnh hiu in
th U
AB
.
b) iu chnh R
4
n mt gi tr sao cho d ng hay m kha k th s ch ca
ampe k vn khng i. Xc nh gi tr R
4
lc ny.

c) Vi gi tr R
4
va tnh c cu b, hy tnh s ch ca ampe k v cng dng in qua kha k, khi k
ng.
Gii
a) Tnh hiu in th U
AB

U
AD
= I
A
. R
13
= I
3
(R
1
+ R
3
) = 0,9 . 60 = 54V
I
2
= U
AD
/R
2
= 54/90 = 0,6A
I = I
4
= I
2
+ I
3
= 0,6 + 0,9 = 1,5A
R
AB
= R
AD
+ R
4
=
1 3 2
1 3 2
( ) R R R
R R R
+
+ +
+ R
4
= 36 + 24 = 60
U
AB
= I . R
AB
= 1,5 . 60 = 90V
b) Tnh ln ca R
4

K m, ta c R
AB
= R
4
+ R
AD
= R
4
+
1 3 2
1 3 2
( ) R R R
R R R
+
+ +
= R
4
+ 36
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11
I = U
AB
/R
AB
=
4
90
36 R +

U
AD
= I . R
AD
=
4
90.36
36 R +

I
A
= U
AD
/R
13
= U
AD
/60 =
4
54
36 R +
(1)
K ng, v li mch in bng cch chp C vi B, t hnh v ta c

R
234
= R
2
+
3 4
3 4
. R R
R R +
= 90 +
4
4
15
15
R
R +

=
4
4
90.15 105
15
R
R
+
+

I
2
= U
AB
/R
234
=
4
4
90(15 )
105 90.15
R
R
+
+

U
DC
= I
2
. R
43
=
4
4
90(15 )
105 90.15
R
R
+
+
x
4
4
15
15
R
R +
=
4
4
90
7 90
R
R +

I
A

= U
DC
/R
3
=
4
4
6
7 90
R
R +
(2)
Gi thit I
A
= I
A

(1) = (2) hay

4
54
36 R +
=
4
4
6
7 90
R
R +
=>
2
4
R - 27R
4
- 810 = 0
Gii phng trnh bc 2 ta c nghim R
4
= 45( loi nghim m)
c) Tnh s ch ampe k v cng dng in qua kha k khi k ng
Thay vo (2) ta c I
A

= 0,67A
tnh cng dng qua kha k ta quay tr li mch ban u, nt C ta c
I
K
= I
1
+ I
A

= U
AB
/R
1
+ I
A

=> I
K
= 2 + 0,67 = 2,67A