Trong vin thng Femtocell l mt trm c s di ng nh, cng sut thp, thng c thit k s dng trong mt gia nh hoc

c doanh nghip nh. N kt ni vi mng li cc nh cung cp dch v thng qua bng thng rng (nh DSL hoc cable ), thit k hin ti thng h tr 2 - 4 in thoi hot ng trong mt khu vc dn c, v 8 n 16 in thoi di ng hot ng trong cc mi trng doanh nghip. Femtocell cho php cc nh cung cp dch v m rng vng bao ph dch v trong nh hoc ra t bo, c bit l ni b hn ch truy cp hoc cha c kh nng truy cp. Mc d nhiu s ch c tp trung vo WCDMA, khi nim ny c p dng cho tt c cc tiu chun, bao gm GSM , CDMA2000 , TD-SCDMA , WiMAX v LTE. i vi mt nh iu hnh in thoi di ng (MNO), im thu ht ca femtocell l s ci tin ng thi c din tch vng ph sng v dung lng ca mng, c bit l trong nh. Ngi tiu dng c hng li t s tng cng din tch ph sng v ci thin cht lng dch v. cc thit b di ng c tui th pin tt hn. Ty thuc vo nh cung cp dch v, h cng c th cung cp mc cc hp dn hn, v d nh, gim gi cc cuc gi t nh. Femtocell l mt cch cung cp nhng li ch ca hi t di ng c nh (FMC). S khc bit l hu ht cc kin trc FMC yu cu mt chic in thoi mi (dual-mode) lm vic vi cc im truy cp khng dy m khng yu cu giy php s dng ph tn, trong khi trin khai da trn femtocell s hot ng vi cc thit b cm tay hin c nhng yu cu l phi ci t mt im truy cp mi c giy php s dng ph. Nhiu nh khai thc a ra dich v femtocell bao gm c Vodafone , SFR , AT&T , Sprint Nextel , Verizon v Mobile TeleSystems. Trong thut ng 3GPP , Home Node B (HNB) l mt femtocell 3G. Mt Home eNode B (HeNB) l mt LTE femtocell. Thng thng cc phm vi ca mt BSS c th ln n 35 km (22 dm), Microcell nh hn 2 km, picocell l 200 mt hoc nh hn, v femtocell l bi s ca 10 mt. Mc d AT&T gi sn phm ca mnh, vi mt phm vi 40 feet (12 m) l mt "Microcell".

Tng quan v li ch
Ch hot ng
Femtocell c cung cp bi mt nh iu hnh mng in thoi di ng (MNO) cho khch hng dn c, doanh nghip. Femtocell thng c kch thc ca mt khu dn c hoc nh hn, v kt ni ca ngi s dng l bng thng rng . Femtocell tch hp ( trong bao gm c mt router DSL v femtocell ) cng tn ti. Khi cm vo, femtocell kt ni vi mng di ng ca MNO, v cung cp vng bao ph m rng. T quan im ca ngi s dng, n l plug and play, khng yu cu ci t c th hoc kin thc k thut, bt c ai cng c th ci t mt femtocell ti nh. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, Sau , ngi s dng phi khai bo s in thoi di ng c php kt ni vi femtocell ca mnh, thng l thng qua mt giao din web c cung cp bi cc MNO. iu ny ch phi thc hin mt ln. Khi cc in thoi di ng n phm vi ph sng ca femtocell, chng chuyn t macrocell (ngoi tri) n femtocell mt cch t ng. Cc Hu ht cc MNOs cung cp ch cho ngi s dng bit iu g xy ra, v d nh c mt tn mng khc nhau xut hin trn in thoi di ng. Tt c cc thng tin lin lc s t

ng i qua cc femtocell. Khi ngi dng ri khi khu vc ph sng ca femtocell (cho d c thc hin mt cuc gi hay khng), in thoi ca anh t chuyn sang macrocell mt cch lin mch. Femtocells yu cu phn cng ring bit v vy WiFi hoc DSL router hin nay khng th c nng cp ln tr thnh mt femtocell. Sau khi ci t mt v tr c th, hu ht cc femtocell c c ch bo v thay i a im s c bo co vi cc MNOs. Cho d MNOs cho php femtocell hot ng ti mt a im khc nhau ph thuc vo chnh sch ca MNO. Thay i v tr ca mt femtocell l khng c php v tn s s dng ca femtocell c cp php thuc v cc nh khai thc mng khc nhau cc nc khc nhau.

Li ch cho ngi s dng

Nhng li ch chnh cho mt ngi dng cui nh sau: M rng vng ph sng c nhng khu vc trc kia khng c tn hiu hoc tn hiu yu. Tng dung lng mng - - Tng bng thng v tc . Gim gi thnh ca dich v Ch phi tr 1 ha n duy nht cho c dch v di ng ln c nh. Femtocell c th c s dng cung cp dich v cho khu vc nng thn.

Kin trc Chun

Phin bn n gin ca Node B truyn thng v Node B (3G femtocell) trong kin trc 3G Cc c quan tiu chun cng b thng s k thut chnh thc ca femtocell cho cc cng ngh ph bin nht, l WCDMA , CDMA2000 ,LTE v WiMAX . Tt c ph hp mt cch rng ri vi mt kin trc vi ba yu t chnh: 1. Mt femtocell truy cp n chnh n, th hin chc nng qun l mng ln hn (c tm thy trong cc trm c s macrocell, chng hn nh cc chc nng kim sot ti nguyn v tuyn). iu ny cho php quyn t ch nhiu hn na trong cc femtocell, cho php t cu hnh v t ti u ha. Femtocell c kt ni bng cch s dng IP bng thng rng, nh DSL hoc cp, n cc trung tm chuyn mch li ca nh iu hnh mng.

2. Cc femtocell gateway, bao gm mt security gateway m u cui cha mt s lng ln cc kt ni d liu m ha IP t hng trm, hng ngn femtocell, v mt signalling gateway m tp hp v xc nhn cc tn hiu lu lng, xc nhn mi femtocell v giao din vi cc thit b chuyn mch mng li di ng bng cch s dng cc giao thc chun , chng hn nh: Iu. 3. H thng qun l v hot ng, cho php cp nht phn mm v kim tra chn on c ch nh dng. y thng s dng cng mt giao thc TR-069 c xut bn bi Broadband Forum Giao din quan trng trong cc kin trc ny nm gia cc im truy cp femtocell v femtocell gateway. S tiu chun ha cho php m rng la chn femtocell sao cho c th s dng vi bt k gateway no, lm tng p lc cnh tranh v gim gi thnh. Vi femtocell WCDMA, s dng giao din Iuh. Trong kin trc Iuh, femtocell gateway nm gia femtocell v mng li v thc hin cc chuyn i cn thit m bo cc femtocell xut hin nh mt b iu khin mng v tuyn ti cc trung tm chuyn mch di ng (MSC). Mi femtocell lin lc vi femtocell gateway v femtocell gateway ni chuyn vi cc CNE (MSC cho cc cuc gi qua chuyn mch knh, SGSN cho cc cuc gi qua chuyn mch gi ). M hnh ny c xut bi 3GPP v din n Femto. Nhng giao thc mi (HNBAP v RUA) c pht trin, HNBAP c s dng cho vic kim sot bo hiu gia HNB v HNB-GW trong khi RUA l mt c ch n gin thay th cho giao thc SCCP v M3UA trong RNC, chc nng chnh ca n l minh bch chuyn cc bn tin RANAP. Trong thng 3 nm 2010, Din n Femto v ETSI tin hnh Plugfest u tin thc y kh nng tng tc ca cc tiu chun Iuh. Cc tiu chun CDMA2000 c pht hnh thng 3 nm 2010 c mt cht khc bit, chng p dng giao thc SIP thit lp mt kt ni gia femtocell v mt femtocell convergence server (FCS). Cc cuc gi thoi c chuyn qua FCS m phng mt MSC. Trong kin trc SIP, femtocell kt ni vi mt mng li ca cc nh iu hnh di ng da trn kin trc SIP/IMS. iu ny c thc hin bng cch cc femtocell kt ni vi mng SIP/IMS nh l mt my khch SIP/IMS bng cch chuyn i bo hiu chuyn mch knh 3G thnh bo hiu SIP/IMS v chuyn lu lng thoi qua RTP theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun IETF.

Air interface
Mc d phn ln cc hot ng thng mi dng nh tp trung vo UMTS , khi nim ny l nh nhau i vi tt c cc Air interface. Tht vy, trin khai thng mi u tin l CDMA2000 Airave trong nm 2007. Femtocell cng ang c pht trin hoc sn sng thng mi ha cho GSM , TD-SCDMA , WiMAX v LTE . Cc chc nng v giao din ca HeNB v c bn ging nh i vi HSPA hoc cc trm gc LTE, ngoi tr vi chc nng b sung. S khc bit ch yu l s kim sot truy cp vi trin khai truy cp ng cho khu dn c hoc trin khai truy cp m cho cc doanh nghip, cng nh chuyn giao chc nng cho cc thu bao ang hot ng v cc phng thc la chn t bo di ng cho cc thu bao ri. Vi LTE cc tnh nng trn c thm vo bn tng kt 3GPP Release 9.

Cc vn

Femtocell l mt cng ngh phc tp v c mt s vn v quan ngi, mc d trong qu trnh trin khai phn ln c gii quyt.

Can nhiu
V tr ca mt femtocell c nh hng quan trng n hiu qu hot ng ca mng m rng, v y l vn quan trng cn c gii quyt c th trin khai thnh cng. Bi v femtocell c th s dng cc di tn s ging nh cc mng di ng thng thng,do vy c nhng lo lng rng thay v ci thin tnh hnh chng c kh nng c th gy ra nhiu vn khc. Femtocells lin kt cht ch k thut gim thiu s can nhiu - pht hin macrocells, iu chnh cng sut v m ha thch hp.. Cc m phng c thc hin trong Din n Femto WG2 v 3GPP RAN4 bao gm mt ph rng cc kch bn trin khai c th bao gm c knh chia s v trin khai knh chuyn dng. Ngoi ra, cc nghin cu xem xt tc ng trong hnh thi khc nhau, cng nh truy cp khp kn so vi m. Sau y l kt lun rng ri t cc nh nghin cu: 1. Khi femtocell c s dng trong cc lnh vc tn hiu yu hoc khng c th s can nhiu khng phi l mt vn . 2. Nu Femto Network chia s knh (ng knh) vi Macro Network, can nhiu c th xy ra. Tuy nhin, nu k thut qun l s can nhiu ca Din n Femto c thng qua, kt qu ca s can nhiu c th c gim thiu hu ht cc trng hp. 3. Mng femtocell trin khai trn knh dnh ring lin k kh c th to ra s can thip n mng macro. Ngoi ra, nh hng ca mng macro n hiu nng ca femtocell trn knh ln cn ch gii hn trong trng hp ring bit. Nu k thut gim nh s can nhiu ca Din n Femto c s dng, nh hng l cng nh. 4. Truy cp ng i din cho trng hp kch bn xu nht ca s can nhiu. Truy cp m gim thiu nguy c ca User Equipment ( Mobile handset, 3G data dongles, v.v ) khi m macro network can nhiu ti mt femtocell ln cn. 5. Cc kt lun tng t t c khi trin khai v nghin cu.cho c tn s 850MHz (3GPP band 17) v 2100 MHz (3GPP band 1)

Cc kt lun chung cho di tn 850 MHz v 2100 MHz c m phng trong cc nghin cu, v c th c ngoi suy cho cc di tn di ng khc. Khi k thut gim thiu s can nhiu thc hin thnh cng, m phng cho thy trin khai femtocell c th cho php cc mng c dung lng rt cao bng cch cung cp gp 10 n 100 ln dung lng ti vng deadzone ti thiu vi s gia tng nhiu l chp nhn c. Femtocells cng c th to ra mt tri nghim ngi dng tt hn bng cch cho php tc d liu cao hn ng k so vi tc t c vi mt macro network v thng lng mng m cui cng s c gii hn bi backhaul trong hu ht cc trng hp (hn 20 Mbps trong 5 MHz).

Lawful Interception : /Ngn chn hp php/

Truy cp ti cc point base station, cng vi tt c cc h thng truyn thng cng cng khc hu ht cc quc gia, l phi tun th vi cc yu cu ( ngn chn hp php) ca lut php.

V tr thit b.
Vn hnh php khc lin quan n yu cu trong hu ht quc gia cho cc MNOs c th hin th chnh xc v tr mi trm c s, Chun E911 yu cu cung cp v tr ca thit b phc v cho cc dch v khn cp. C nhng vn v vn ny cho cc trm truy cp c s im bn cho ngi tiu dng cho nh ci t, v d. Hn na, mt ngi tiu dng c th c gng truy cp ti trm c s mt t nc khc m khng c cp php. Mt s nh sn xut ang s dng GPS trong thit b kha cc femtocell khi n c chuyn n mt quc gia khc, phng php ny ang c tranh ci, bi v GPS thng khng th xc nh c v tr c th l trong nh v tn hiu yu.

Cuc gi khn cp
Access Point trm c s cng c yu cu, k t khi thc hin cc cuc gi thoi, cung cp dch v 911 (hoc 999 , 112 , vv ) l cc dch v khn cp, nh l trng hp cho cc nh cung cp dch v in thoi VoIP trong mt s khu vc php l. Dch v ny phi p ng cc yu cu sn c nh h thng in thoi hin nay c dy. C mt s cch t c iu ny, chng hn nh cc ngun nng lng thay th hoc li li c s h tng in thoi sn c.

Cht lng dch v

Khi s dng kt ni Ethernet hoc ADSL back haul nh, Access Point Base Station phi chia s bng thng vi cc dch v khc, chng hn nh Internet Browser, game console, set-top box v cc thit b triple-play ni chung. Trong phng php chia s bng thng, c phn ln cc thit k hin ang c pht trin, xy ra nh hng n cht lng dch v. S hp dn ca cc dch v femtocell s ph thuc vo tin cy v cht lng ca cc nh iu hnh mng di ng v kt ni bng thng rng ca bn th ba. Khi xy ra vn , thu bao s hng v MNOs yu cu h tr d l nguyn nhn su xa ca vn l do kt ni bng thng rng ti nh hoc ni lm vic. Do nh hng ca bt k vn no ca third-party ISP broadband network hay chnh sch qun l lu lng cn c rt theo di cht ch v thng bo nhanh chng ti cho thu bao. Vn then cht gn y l hot ng nh hng lu lng bi nhiu ISPs lp di ca giao thc giao vn IPSec.

Spectrum Accuracy
p ng (FCC) / Ofcom , femtocell phi to ra cc tn hiu tn s v tuyn vi mt mc chnh xc cao. thc hin iu ny trong mt thi gian di l mt thch thc ln v k thut. Cc gii php cho vn ny l s dng mt tn hiu chnh xc, bn ngoi lin tc hiu chnh cc b dao ng m bo duy tr tnh chnh xc ca n. y khng phi l n gin (truyn dn bng thng rng gii thiu cc vn ca jitter mng / i lang thang v thu hi chnh xc ng h), nhng cc cng ngh nh tiu chun IEEE 1588 v ng b ha thi gian c th gii quyt vn . Ngoi ra, Network Time Protocol (NTP) ang c pht trin bi mt s nh pht trin nh l mt gii php c th cung cp tn s n nh. Thng thng (macrocell) thng s dng GPS ng b

ha thi gian v iu ny c th c s dng, mc d c nhng lo ngi v chi ph v kh khn trong vic m bo vng ph sng GPS tt. C quan tiu chun c cng nhn thch thc ny v cc tc ng v chi ph thit b. V d, 3GPP ni lng 50ppb phn t chnh xc n 100ppb cho cc trm c s trong nh trong phin bn 6 v ni lng hn 250ppb cho Node B Trang ch Release 8.

Tranh ci v tuyn b ca ngi tiu dng

Tc ng ca femtocell mt l thng xuyn nht ci thin vng ph sng di ng, m MNOs khng cn phi ci thin c s h tng ca h. Tuy nhin, ngi s dng phi tr tin cho mt kt ni internet nh tuyn lu lng truy cp femtocell, v sau phi np l ph mt ln hoc hng thng b sung cho cc nh cung cp dch v di ng. Mt s phn i tng rng ngi tiu dng ang c yu cu tr tin gim thiu st mng.

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