GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION(GSM)

Presented By:Anusha CSE (5th Sem.)

COMPANY PROFILE

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. , formed in October 2000, is World's 7th largest Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India. BSNL is a public sector communication company in India. It is the India's largest telecommunication company with 24% market share. Its headquarters are at Bharat Sanchar Bhawan, New Delhi. It has the status of Mini-ratna - a status assigned to reputed Public Sector companies in India.

GSM

INTRODUCTION HISTORY GSM PROPERTIES UPLINK DOWNLINK FREQUENCY GSM NETWORK AND ITS ELEMENT CALL PROCESSING GSM SERVICES GSM ADVANTAGES

INTRODUCTION

Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Group Special Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. GSM is used by over 3 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories. GSM differs from its predecessors in both;signaling and speech channels are digital, and thus is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. GSM networks operate in four different frequency ranges. Most GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands.

HISTORY

Early 1980s,there was analog technologies. In 1982, the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (ECPT) created the Groupe Spcial Mobile (GSM) to develop a standard for a mobile telephone system. In 1989, GSMs responsibility was transferred to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990. The first GSM network was launched in 1991 by Radiolinja in Finland.

GSM PROPERTIES
1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9.

Roaming (Mobility among different network providers). Good transmission quality (Error recognition and correction). Scalable. Security mechanisms provided (Authentication, Authorisation, Encryption). Good usage of resources. Cellular radio network. Integration with ISDN and analog telephone network. Standard (ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) ). Digital transmission up to 9600 bit/s.

Uplink downlink frequency

Downlink = 935 to 960 MHz

Uplink = 890 to 915 MHz

GSM NETWORK STRUCTURE

The network behind the GSM system is large and complicated in order to provide all the required services to users. It is divided into a number of sections : The Base Station Subsystem (the base stations and their controllers). The Network and Switching Subsystem (the part of the network most similar to a fixed network). This is sometimes also just called the Core Network. The GPRS Core Network (the optional part which allows packet based Internet connections). All of the elements in the system combine to produce many GSM services such as voice calls and SMS.

GSM Architecture Three Broad Parts

1. MS (Mobile Station). 2. BSS (Controls the radio link with the Mobile Station). 3. NSS (whose main part is MSC).

Cont
Mobile Station (MS) Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Station Subsystem (BSS) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Network Switching Subsystem(NSS) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Authentication Center (AUC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

MOBILE STATION(MS)
It contains 1. Mobile Equipment(ME) 2. Subscriber Identity Module(SIM)

Mobile Equipment is a hardware used by the subscriber to access a network.For eg. fax machine, telephone, computer. Voice and data transmission. It has a unique identity number for particular device known as IMEI. It is a Portable, vehicle mounted, hand held device. Power level : 0.8W 20 W. 160 character long SMS.

SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE

A Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) used to identify a subscriber on mobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers). A SIM card contains its unique serial number called International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI),for Security & Authentication.It is of 15 digits. Can be moved from phone to phone contains key information to activate the phone.

BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

All radio-related functions are performed in the BSS, which consists of Base Station Controllers (BSCs) and the Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs).

BSC The BSC provides all the control functions and physical links between the MSC and BTS. It is a high-capacity switch that provides functions such as handover cell configuration data, and control of Radio Frequency (RF) power levels in BTSs. A number of BSCs are served by an MSC.

BTS The BTS handles the radio interface to the mobile station. The BTS is the Radio Equipment (transceivers and antennas) needed to service each cell in the network. A group of BTSs are controlled by a BSC.

NETWORK SUBSYSTEM
The Switching System (SS) and Network Subsystem is responsible for performing call processing and subscriber-related functions. The switching system includes the following functional units: Mobile Switching Center (MSC) The MSC performs the telephony switching functions of the system. It controls calls to and from other telephone and data systems. It also performs such functions as toll ticketing, network interfacing, common channel signaling, and others.

Cont..

HLR - The HLR is considered the most important database, as it stores permanent data about subscribers, including a subscriber's service profile, location information and activity status. VLR - The VLR is a database that contains temporary information about subscribers that is needed by the MSC in order to service visiting subscribers. When a mobile station roams into a new MSC area, the VLR connected to that MSC will request data about the Mobile Station from the HLR. Later, if the mobile station makes a call, the VLR will have the information needed for call setup without having to interrogate the HLR each time.

Cont.

AUTHENTICATION CENTER - A unit called the AUC provides authentication and encryption parameters that verify the user's identity and ensure the confidentiality of each call. The AUC protects network operators from different types of fraud found in today's cellular world.

EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER (EIR) The EIR is a database that contains information about the identity of mobile equipment that prevents calls from stolen, unauthorized, or defective mobile stations.

The AUC and EIR are implemented as stand-alone nodes or as a combined AUC/EIR node.

Outgoing calls
MS sends dialed number to BSS. 2. BSS sends dialed number to MSC. 3,4. MSC checks VLR if MS is allowed the requested service. If so, MSC asks BSS to allocate resources for call. 5 MSC routes the call to GMSC. 6 GMSC routes the call to local exchange of called user. 7, 8, 9,10. Answer back (ring back) tone is routed from called user to MS via GMSC,MSC,BSS.
1.

Incoming calls
1. 2. 3. 4. 6.
Calling a GSM subscribers. Forwarding call to GSMC. Signal Setup to HLR. 5. Request MSRN from VLR. Forward responsible MSC to GMSC. 7. Forward Call to current MSC. 8,9. Get current status of MS. 10,11. Paging of MS. 12,13. MS answers. 14,15. Security checks. 16,17. Set up connection.

GSM SERVICES

GSM services are a standard collection of applications and features available to mobile phone subscribers all over the world. The GSM standards are defined by the 3GPP collaboration and implemented in hardware and software by equipment manufacturers and mobile phone operators. The common standard makes it possible to use the same phones with different companies' services, or even roam into different countries. GSM is the world's most dominant mobile phone standard.

Cont.

The design of the service is moderately complex because it must be able to locate a moving phone anywhere in the world, and accommodate the relatively small battery capacity, limited input/output capabilities, and weak radio transmitters on mobile devices.

ADVANTAGES OF GSM

The key advantage of GSM systems to consumers has been higher digital voice quality and low cost alternatives to making calls, such as the Short Message Service (SMS, also called Text Messaging"). The advantage for network operators has been the ease of deploying equipment from any vendors that implements the standard. Like other cellular standards. GSM allows network operators to offer roaming services so that subscribers can use their phones on GSM networks all over the world.