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iii
August 2008FY 2009 NNSA/NSO Ten-Year Site Plan
DOE/NV--1271
Executive Summary/Future State
Introduction
The F
iscal Year (FY) 2009 Ten-Year Site Plan(TYSP)
is consistent with the
FY 2009-2018 Ten-Year Site Plan Guidance
issued in January 2008.It serves as the cornerstone of the initiative torestore, revitalize, and sustain the Defense Programsmission-critical facilities and infrastructure at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Speci
fi
cally, the
TYSP
(1) functions as a planning document that presentsthe possible paths to support the likely stockpilescenarios envisioned by the preferred alternativesre
fl
ected in the
fi
nal
Complex TransformationSupplemental Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement 
(SPEIS); (2) focuses managementattention on current and future facility andinfrastructure needs at each site in support of NNSA / NSO programmatic requirements, i.e., Readiness inTechnical Base and Facilities, Directed StockpileWork, and campaign program requirements;(3) assists in making operational and maintenancedecisions and establishing future priorities tosupport the primary missions of the NNSA/NSO;(4) identi
fi
es site-speci
fi
c funding pro
fi
les that areconsistent with the Future Years National SecurityProgram; and (5) presents a vision for facility andinfrastructure requirements to meet future scienceand technology needs to support outyear planningactivities for the Complex Transformation Plan.
The Nevada Test SiteToday
A unique national resource, the NTS is an expansive,remote, outdoor laboratory, and national high-hazard experimental center that cannot be replicated.Larger than the state of Rhode Island, the NTS isapproximately 1,375 square miles, making it oneof the largest restricted access areas in the UnitedStates. The remote site is surrounded by thousandsof additional square miles of land withdrawn fromthe public domain for use as a protected wildliferange and the Air Force test range, creating anunpopulated land area comprising some 5,470square miles.The NTS and its six auxiliary sites (LivermoreOperations, Los Alamos Operations, North LasVegas Facility, Remote Sensing Laboratory-Andrews, Remote Sensing Laboratory-Nellis, andSpecial Technologies Laboratory) continually striveto leverage existing assets to enhance the NTS as aDefense Programs site for weapons experimentationand nuclear test readiness. Efforts are focused oncreating a sustainable future by developing a broadand varied National Security project base thatcomplements Defense Programs capabilities.The NTS is committed to achieving the vision of Complex Transformation to provide a smaller,safer, more secure, and less expensive Complex thatleverages the scienti
fi
c and technical capabilitiesof the workforce while meeting National Securityrequirements.In December 2007, NNSA/Headquarters releasedthe draft SPEIS. Overall goals for the complex citedwithin the draft SPEIS are as follow:• In partnership with the U. S. Department of Defense, transform the nuclear stockpile.• Transform to a modernized, cost-effectivenuclear weapons complex.• Create a fully integrated and interdependentnuclear weapons complex.• Drive the science and technology base essentialfor long-term national security.The speci
fi
c SPEIS role cited for the NSO:• Align the NTS with SPEIS alternative, e.g., highhazard testing.
 
August 2008FY 2009 NNSA/NSO Ten-Year Site Plan
ivDOE/NV--1271
Mission, Programs, andActivities
NNSA/NSO Program efforts fall under four majorprograms:
•
Defense Programs• Emergency Response• Environmental Management• Work for Others (e.g., Homeland Security andDefense Applications)
Defense Programs
The primary mission at the NNSA/NSO falls underDefense Programs. This primary mission includesconducting high-hazard experiments and operationsin support of the NNSA Nuclear Weapons Complexand other national security missions, ensuringreadiness to conduct underground nuclear testswithin 36 months and maintaining the materials andfacilities for nuclear assemblies.The enduring nuclear weapons stockpile that helpspreserve the nation’s security must be maintainedas safe and reliable. To meet this requirementwithin the constraints imposed on nuclear testingby U.S. treaties and agreements with other nations,the National Weapons Laboratories employ specialnuclear materials (which may include plutonium")in a series of high-hazard experiments conductedat the NTS in remote, secure test facilities. Theexperiments also bene
fi
t Nuclear Test Readiness byupdating the skills and technical expertise of NSTecpersonnel. The dynamic plutonium experiments,which measure the dynamic properties of specialnuclear material in extreme temperature and pressureregimes, are unachievable elsewhere in the complex.
Emergency Response
The Remote Sensing Laboratory’s mission isto support National Security with technical andoperational solutions in Nuclear EmergencyResponse, Nuclear Nonproliferation, RemoteSensing, and Security Systems Technologies.The Remote Sensing Laboratory provides proven,leading edge technical solutions and responsecapabilities to DOE/NNSA and Work for Otherscustomers to combat terrorism, prevent andmitigate a nuclear or radiological event, andaddress challenges in support of national security.Capabilities include radiological emergencyresponse; radiological and image data collection andanalysis; aviation platforms and support; GeographicInformation Systems; highly specialized and uniqueengineering research and development; technicaltraining; and component and prototype developmentand testing. The Remote Sensing Laboratory hasprimary facilities and operations located at Nellis AirForce Base, Nevada and Andrews Air Force Base,Maryland.The National Nuclear Security Administration’sOf 
fi
ce of Secure Transportation has moved theirOperational Readiness Training and Joint TrainingExercises to the NTS. This of 
fi
ce operates the specialtransport system designed to ensure the safe andsecure transport of special nuclear material, nuclearweapons, weapons components, and other sensitivenuclear material. Physical security arrangementsinclude: use of unmarked armored transport-trailerrigs, highly trained armed federal agents, escortvehicles, and a variety of communication equipment.The Of 
fi
ce of Secure Transportation conductsoperations and training in varying environmentalconditions. The Of 
fi
ce of Secure Transportation hasfunded the activation of Area 12 Camp, which willbe their base of operations.
Environmental Management
The Environmental Management Program at theNTS is separate from NNSA, but remains a partof and reports to the DOE. Activities under thisprogram include legacy environmental cleanupunder the
Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order 
with the state of Nevada, groundwaterradionuclide migration studies associated withunderground nuclear testing, environmentalcompliance, and environmental waste functions,which support the DOE complex and theU.S. Department of Defense through radioactivewaste disposal, handling, and storage.
Work for Others
Work for Others customers are direct funded. Thisis a vital program which supports the DOE, DefensePrograms, and projects that assist the nation inmeeting national security challenges. This programincludes additional work involving the HomelandSecurity and Defense Applications Program, Testand Evaluation, Counter Terrorism OperationsSupport, and Special Technologies Laboratory.
 
v
August 2008FY 2009 NNSA/NSO Ten-Year Site Plan
DOE/NV--1271
The Homeland Security and Defense ApplicationsProgram is a key component of NNSA's nuclearnonproliferation and counter terrorism technologies.Homeland Security and Defense Applicationsprovides project management and executionsupport for activities in consequence management,crisis response, nonproliferation technology testand evaluation, information and communicationtechnologies test and evaluation, and controlledreleases of hazardous chemicals and biologicalstimulants for the purpose of hazardous materialsresearch, development, testing, and training.The Counter Terrorism Operations Support Programat the NTS serves as a leading operation in thenation responding to terrorism. This programoversees and conducts the training for emergency
fi
rst responders. This training prepares theresponders to take immediate action to preventor mitigate terrorist use of radiological or nuclearweapons of mass destruction.
The Future State
The
2005 NNSA Strategic Planning Guidance for Fiscal Years 2007-2011
de
fi
nes three goals:• Ensure that our nuclear weapons continueto serve their essential deterrence role bymaintaining and enhancing the safety, security,and reliability of the U.S. Nuclear WeaponsStockpile.• Provide technical leadership to limit orprevent the spread of materials, technology,and expertise relating to weapons of massdestruction; advance the technologies to detectthe proliferation of weapons of mass destructionworldwide; and eliminate or secure inventoriesof surplus materials and infrastructure usable fornuclear weapons.• Provide the U.S. Navy with safe militarilyeffective nuclear propulsion plants, and ensuretheir continued safe and reliable operation.The focus of the NNSA/NSO for the next tenyears is to provide a secure environment andunmatched support for high-risk, high-hazard,complex experimental and operational activitiesthat are required to support the
fi
rst two goals. TheNNSA/NSO has the challenge of integrating threeinitiatives:• Complex Transformation• Facilities Transition• Integrated Resource Management Plan (NNSA/ NSO Business Unit)These initiatives support the DOE's 2006 StrategicPlan’s theme of Nuclear Security: EnsuringAmerica’s Nuclear Security and Strategic Goal 2.1– Nuclear Deterrent:
Transforming the Nation’s nuclear weaponsstockpile and supporting infrastructure tobe more responsive to the threats of the 21
st 
 Century.
Complex Transformation
As part of the DOE Complex Transformationproposal, the NTS remains the center for high-hazard testing. The NTS High Explosives Facilitywill be the site for large-scale, (e.g., greater than15 kg net explosive weight) open-air explosivestesting with new radiographic capability. The HighExplosive Facility includes the Big ExplosivesExperimental Facility.For the preferred alternative, the NTS would bedesignated the NNSA Center for HydrodynamicTesting, with facilities for this capability sited atNTS in the future, as well as ongoing testing fromLos Alamos National Laboratory and LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory transferred to NTSwhere feasible.Activities to be transferred to NTS for its newmissions would include:• Open-air high explosives testing currentlyperformed at Lawrence Livermore NationalLaboratory and Los Alamos NationalLaboratory.• Addition of a 15 MeV radiographic capability.• Conducting 5-10 hydrodynamic tests each year.• Constructing next-generation hydrodynamic testfacilities after current laboratory facilities havereached the end of their useful life.
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