-

( )
2010-2011

: ( )

2
8
6
54
54
80

14:00
11:00
08:00

" - - - "

data
processing
data output
storage
networks

1
2

------------- 1

3
54
15:30

1. 1
1970

1948

1970
micro-processeur
P.E.T
Apple

3
Apple II

bases

Tandy

TRS80 Commodore

traitement de textes
tableurs

de donnes

Micro-informatique
IBM
Personal
PC

standard
Computer
incompatible

2. 1
IBM PC
Apple

Macintosh
IBM

IBM

Windows

1990

IBM
environnement

bureau
fichiers
menus

clavier
rpertoires
Souris

------------- 2

Desk Top
Cliquer

IBM
IBM
IBM
.

3.1

4.1

1
2

------------- 3

matriel ou hardware

logiciels ou software

SOFT

HARD

arithmtique binaire

0
1

Transistor
circuit

------------- 4

1.2

3
4
5
6
7

PS2
serial mouse
USB

------------- 5

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220
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12
12

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------------- 6

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IDE
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3.1.2

------------- 7

1000

1000

1
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ALU

Input Units

Control Unit

Output Units

Main Memory Unit MMU

Help Storaage Unit
HSU

Input Units 1
Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2

Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)

Control Unit

------------- 8

)Main Memory Unit (MMU

Random Access Memory

)Read Only Memory (ROM

)(RAM
3 Out Put Unit:

Monitor

:Printer
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ATpentium 5

:
Cyrix AMD
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2.4 G.Hz/512/400/1.7V

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4 1.2 ( )

------------- 9

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64
128
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80
80000

------------- 11

1024

1024

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1024

1024

kilobyte

1024 1024

1048576

megabyte

1024 1024 1024

1073741824

gigabyte

1024 1024 1024 1024

1099511627776

terabyte

1024 1024 1024 1024 1024

1.125899906843 e+15

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1.152921504607 e+18

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------------- 12

DVD
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F1,F2.F12, ALT,CTRL.
A.B.C
1.2.3.4.5.6.7

1
2
3

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Shift + F12
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Ctrl + End
Shift + F1
Ctrl + U
Ctrl + F4
Ctrl + N
Ctrl + H
Ctrl + I
Ctrl + K
Ctrl + P
Ctrl + O
+ Ctrl
+ Ctrl

Shift + E
Shift + X
Ctrl + X
Shift + Q
Shift + A
+ Shift
Shift + Z
Shift + W
Shift + S
Shift + R
Shift + T
Shift + G
Shift + Y
Shift + H
Shift + N
Shift + B

------------- 13

Shift + V
Shift + C
Shift + F
Shift + D
Shift + J
Ctrl + C
Ctrl + V
Ctrl + Z
Ctrl + A
Shift + U
Ctrl + Esc
Ctrl + Enter
Ctrl + Shift
Ctrl + Shift
Ctrl + 1
Ctrl + 5
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Ctrl + End
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Ctrl + F6 +
Ctrl + F2
+ CTRL
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{
}
[
]

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Ctrl + J
Ctrl + L
F10
F5
F8
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Ctrl + Alt
F3
F9
F1
F7
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Ctrl + v
Ctrl + z

Ctrl + p
Ctrl + w

Ctrl + o
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Ctrl + F

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Ctrl + s
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alt + esc

Ctrl + Shift
alt + F4
F2

alt + shift
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7 2

Alt + S
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Ctrl + Shift + K
Shift + F3
Ctrl + Shift + L
Ctrl + Alt + E
Ctrl + Alt + I
Shift + F7
Ctrl + Alt + F1
Ctrl + Q
Ctrl + M
Shift + F5

Capital

alt : shift

------------- 14

15

14

17

( )

( )

640

480

640 480

800

600

800 600

1024

768

1024 768

1152

864

1152 864

1280

1024

1280 1024

1600

1200

1600 1200

3 :
PC

By Purpose
1

General Purpose Computer

Special Purpose Computer

Type Of Data Processed

Analog Computer

Digital Computer

------------- 15

Hybrid Computer

Microcomputers

Microprcessor

Personal Computer (PC

20

Minicomputers

)Personal Computers(PC

Main Computers
Main Computers

)4 :Super Computers
( )SYBER ( )CDC
.
Super Computers

------------- 16

 .4
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1945 )INICE( :
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1995 :
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*
( )ROBOT ( .)
*
.

------------- 17