Name: ___Argyro _Leo___________________ Transfer Lab

Heat

Question:

How can heat be transferred and used to create a tasty treat?

-Overview: We take advantage of energy transfer every day in many ways. Today, we will transfer heat energy to change the state of a mixture and create a tasty treat.

Materials:
-One small zip-lock bag -One large zip-lock bag -Ice -Thermometer -Spoon -Milk -Sugar -Salt -Optional Flavoring -Cups

Hypothesis: Procedure:

Read through the procedure and make a prediction about what you think will happen to the temperature when salt is added to ice. If a change in temperature will occur, how can we use this change to create a tasty treat? Be sure to explain why you think this will happen.

1. Place ice cubes in the large Ziploc bag and place thermometer among the cubes. Leave 30 seconds. Record temperature of ice in data table. 2. Place milk mixture in a smaller Ziploc bag and record temperature. Add flavoring, if desired, and record temperature. 3. Add 75ml of salt to the bag with ice. Seal and gently shake. Record temperature and observations in the data table. 4. Empty most of air from bag with milk in it. Carefully seal this bag and place it inside the bag with the ice mixture. Seal the outer bag tightly to prevent leaks. 5. Try not to use your hands! Gently rock the sealed baggies back and forth in your hands to make sure that the ice mixture coats the entire surface of the milk bag. Shake for 1 minute and then carefully open the two bags and take the temperature of the inner bag (milk) only. Seal both bags. Keep shaking back and forth for 10 minutes, recording the milk temperature every minute. Be sure to note the temperature at which a solid product (ice cream) forms in the smaller baggie. 6. Carefully remove the inner bag and place on paper towels. Wipe salty water from around opening. Open baggie and squeeze solid product into two cups for the taste test.

Data and Observations

Description of Step Temperature of Ice Temperature of Milk Temp of Ice + Salt Temp of milk mix after 1 min. Temp. (C)

Observations

0
23 -7

-2 minutes -3 minutes -4 minutes -5 minutes -6 minutes -7 minutes -8 minutes -9 minutes -10 minutes

15 13 11 2 0 -1 -1 -2 -2

Analysis of Data and Conclusion

Part I: Create a ling graph that shows the temperature of the milk mixture, in degrees C, changing over time. Be sure to include labels for each axis, a title and units. Use the attached sheet of graph paper. Part II: Answer the following questions in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What happened to the temperature of the ice shortly after you added the salt to the ice cubes? Is the new temperature above or below the freezing point for water? The ice and salt made the temperature below freezing so it is really cold. 2. Based on that information, what can you infer about the freezing point of salt water compared to fresh water? Fresh water freezes a lot easier then salt water. Fresh water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and salt water freezes at about -7 degrees Celsius. 3. Heat energy is manipulated to change states of matter. The liquid milk mixture became a solid and the solid ice became liquid water. Which of the two baggies had more energy (heat) at the start of this activity? How do you know? Which of the two baggies lost energy (heat)? Where did that energy (heat) travel to? The ice cream started out warmer when we tested it with the thermometer. The heat ice and salt bag lost the most heat. The ice cream heat went in to the ice and salt bag so the ice and salt bag lost heat. Draw a diagram showing how heat energy flowed through this system and resulting in frozen ice cream and melted ice. 4. At the end of this experiment, the actual temperature of the stuff in both plastic baggies should have been equal. However, they are in two different states of matter! What can you infer about the freezing point of the milk mix compared to the freezing point of the salted ice? The ice cream mixture freezes a lot faster at about -4 degrees and the salted ice freezes at about - 15 degrees. 5. Why were you asked to try to not use your hands when attempting to freeze the milk mixture? Your hands have body heat on them so if you touch the bag you will give it more heat. 6. Was your hypothesis accepted or rejected? If rejected, where or how were you incorrect? My hypothesis was that there would be no ice cream just very cold milk with sugar and flavouring. The cold milk did have some icy lumps in it so there was a tiny amount of ice cream just more milk.