Pengantar Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer

Information Technology and Computer Technology

PTIIK- UB

Information Technology
DEFINITION: Information Technology (IT) describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information.
Part 1: Computer Technology

Part 2: Communications Technology

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Modern Computers
Supercomputer Mainframe Workstation Microcomputer Microcontroller Server - client

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Supercomputers

At the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation. High-capacity machines with thousands of processors Multi-user systems Used for U.S. Census, weather forecasting, designing aircraft, scientific projects, etc. Japans K Computer is the largest supercomputer Priced from $1 million to over $1 billion (2012)
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Mainframes
Powerful computers used primarily by corporate and governmental organizations For critical applications, bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and transaction processing. Used by banks, airlines, colleges, and the like for millions of transactions Water-cooled or air-cooled Reliability, availability, serviceability Priced from $5,000 to $5 million (2012)
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Supercomputers vs Mainframes
Supercomputer
High performance computing (speed of calculation) Suitable for scientific and engineering problems, e.g. weather prediction, nuclear simulation, aircraft design

Mainframe
Transaction processing Suitable for business world, e.g. inventory control (goods), airline reservations (services), or banking (money).

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Workstations
Introduced in early 1980s Expensive, powerful personal computers Required for scientific, mathematical, engineering, computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) Used for designing cars, drugs, movie special effects

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Microcomputers
A microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). It includes a microprocessor, memory, and input/output (I/O) facilities. The abbreviation "micro" was common during the 1970s and 1980s, but has now fallen out of common usage. Personal computers that cost $500 to $5,000 Used either stand-alone or in a network Types include: desktop, tower, notebooks (laptops), netbooks, tablets, mobile internet devices (MIDs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), e-readers
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Microcontrollers
A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated C, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Also called embedded computers Tiny, specialized microprocessors inside appliances & automobiles They are in microwaves, programmable ovens, blood-pressure monitors, air bag sensors, vibration sensors, MP3 players, digital cameras, keyboards, car systems, etc.
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Servers

The word server describes the way a computer whether mainframe, workstation, or PCis used. A central computer connected (wired or wirelessly) to other computers & peripheral devices on a client/server network Purpose: Hold data and programs for clients to access and to supply services for clients Clients are other computers, such as PCs or workstations, on which users run applications

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Three Key Concepts

1. Purpose of a computer

Turn data into information Data: the raw facts and figures Information: data that has been summarized and manipulated for use in decision making Hardware = the machinery and equipment in the computer Software (programs) = the electronic instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

2. Hardware vs. software

(continued)

Three Key Concepts

3. The basic operations
Input:

What goes in to the computer system Processing: The manipulation a computer does to transform data into information Storage: Primary storage, or memory, is temporary storage. Secondary storage is permanent storage: media such as DVDs and CDs Output: What comes out Numbers or pictures on the screen, printouts, sounds Communications: Sending and receiving data
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Understanding a Desktop Computer

What would you need?

Keyboard & mouse (input) Inside the system cabinet (processing & memory)

Case and power supply Processor chip the Central Processor Unit (CPU) Memory chips Random Access Memory (RAM) Motherboard the system board
Memory chips plug in Processor chip plugs in Motherboard attaches to system cabinet Power supply is connected to system cabinet Power supply wire is connected to motherboard

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Understanding a Desktop Computer

Storage Hardware: Hard Drive, CD/DVD Drive, Flash

Storage capacity is represented in bytes

1 byte = 1 character of data 1 kilobyte = 1,024 characters 1 megabyte = 1,048,576 characters 1 gigabyte = over 1 billion characters 1 terabyte = over 1 trillion characters 1 petabyte = about 1 quadrillion characters

Permanently installed: hard drives, CD/DVD drives, slot connectors for USB and flash memory Removable media: CDs/DVDs, USB and flash memory
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Understanding a Desktop Computer

Output hardware
Video Sound cards Speakers Monitor Printer

Communications hardware
Modem
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Basic PC System

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Software

System Softwareperforms essential operating tasks Most important part: operating system (OS) Some operating system options Windows Unix Linux Mac OS Application Softwareenables user to perform tasks Install after the OS Compatibility: application depends on OS, for example, Linux applications wont work on Windows Windows applications wont work on Linux
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

References

Williams, B.K., and Sawyer, S.C. (2007). Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers & Communications. 10th Edition, McGrawHill, New York. Brookshear, J.G. (2012) Computer Science: an Overview. 12th edition. Addison-Wesley. Gonick, L., and Wheelis, M. (1983) The Cartoon Guide to the Computer. Barnes and Noble Books.