countries). This organisation consisted of nuclear scientists, engineers and technicians, working insensitive places. Most of the members of that intelligence network were arrested in a sweepingoperation but some escaped. It happened in the second half of the 1970s.
Q:
Did you monitor the illegal trade in nuclear materials, weapons parts and technology in 1990'sand which particular countries were involved in illegal proliferation?
A:
Yes, I did. For me it was a voluntary mission and I worked under many covers in Europe andAsia. Since the beginning of 1992, following a meeting in Jerusalem's "King David Hotel" with aprominent Israeli and international nuclear expert, the late Shalheveth Freier, I performed manyspecial tasks. The purpose of my mission was to penetrate organised crime and intelligencegroups trading in nuclear materials, weapons parts and technology. Most of these productsoriginated in Russia and in other states of the former USSR, some also from China.In my work, I had contacts with several intelligence agencies but I was not employed by any of them. My work lasted until December 16, 1994. At this stage, the countries (or rather theirintelligence services and various criminal groups) involved in the nuclear proliferation were mainlyRussia, Belarus, Ukraine, Baltic states (Latvia and Lithuania), and Kazakhstan. Chinese andMongolian private groups traded in post-Soviet nuclear materials via Hong Kong.The countries searching for nuclear materials, weapons and technology were (among other) SaudiArabia, Brunei, Pakistan, Iran, Libya, Iraq, North Korea and some terrorist groups like al-Qaeda.Palestinians from several political-military organisations (al Fatah, Abu Nidal Organisation) oftenserved as intermediaries for Arab and other states. Chechen rebels, fighting against Russia andcooperating with the Russian and other mafias, were an important source of materials andweapons for al-Qaeda.Several countries, including Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, as wellas Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Greece, Turkey and Israel were "transit" places forshipments of nuclear materials and products from Russia or other post-Soviet states to "endusers" in other countries. Specialised laboratories in Switzerland, Germany, Austria, France andother states tested illegally imported nuclear products.American, Australian, Canadian, and also Mexican businessmen or intelligence "front companies"participated in the illegal nuclear trade and in the proliferation of nuclear technology.
Q:
How safe are the Russian and American nuclear weapons.
A:
I have no direct access to the Russian and American nuclear secrets but I know from manysources that the main nuclear arsenals of these big nuclear powers, as well as other nuclearstates like Britain, France, China, India and Pakistan, are safe and under strict control. In theearly 1990s, tactical nuclear weapons from Russia, Belarus and the Ukraine were offered oninternational nuclear black markets.Most of these weapons were offered and sometimes sold by military-business groups, some viaorganised crime groups. A few transactions of very expensive nuclear materials and productswere organised by specialised Russian military enterprises. Technical descriptions of thesematerials and products were available from Russian military laboratories.
Q:
Do you know anything about the nuclear purchases made by Pakistan in the past?
A:
Yes, I think I could trace some purchases of nuclear materials and products by Pakistan fromRussia on black market. In fact, there was no other way to get them. Saudi Arabia and Bruneifinanced some of these transactions. I remember a shipment of special nuclear products fromRussia to Austria in late 1992, which went to Pakistan then. It was perfectly organised from bothsides -- the seller and the buyer.The products were shipped by Russian military plane, delivered to a Russian diplomatic mission,inspected by experts and sold and shipped to the buyer. The end user was Pakistan but theproducts went there through a third party. No Pakistani officials or other people took part in thetransaction carried out in Austria, near Vienna. Money was paid through banks, not in cash. Butthere were also cash-goods exchanges in Germany, Switzerland, Luxemburg and Liechtenstein.
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