TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THNH PH H CH MINH

KHOA CNG NGH HA HC

TIU LUN MN HC

TNG HP HU C
TI: CNG NGH O ALKYL HA SN XUT ESTE

Bin Ha - 2011

NHN XT CA GING VIN

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Phn nh Gi:
+ thc thc hin:
+ Ni dung thc hin:
+ Hnh thc trnh by:
+ Tng hp kt qu:
+ im bng s:

im bng ch:
Bin Ha, ngy

thng

nm 2011.

Ging Vin Hng Dn

LI M U
Trn th gii hin nay, vic sn xut cc cht hu c xut hin t rt lu,
nhng u tin n da trn s ch bin nguyn liu ng vt hay thc vt nh vic
tch cc cht c gi tr (ng, du bo) hay cc sn phm phn gii ca chng (x
phng, cn ). Tng hp hu c thu c nhng cht phc tp t nhng cht
tng i n gin hn ra i t gia th k th 19 trn c s cc sn phm ng
hnh c cha cc hp cht thm ca s cc ha than .
Sau , vo th k 20 du m v kh t thin nhin ngy cng ng vai tr
quan trng l ngun nguyn liu hu c nh vic khai thc, vn chuyn v ch
bin chng r hn than .
Ni chung, cng ngh tng hp cc hp cht hu c bao gm ton b cc
phn ng ha hc dng tng hp ra cc hp cht trung gian cng nh cc sn
phm cui cng ca ngnh cng nghip tng hp hu c. N gm cc qu trnh
hnh thnh nhm th v bin i nhm th. Vi cc qu trnh ny c th a vo
cc hp cht hu c nhng nhm chc (nitro, sunfo, halogeno, axyl, ankyl, amino,
diazoni, azo, este, hydroxy, oxo ).
Trong phm vi bi tiu lun ca chng em, chng ta hy cng tm hiu v cc
qu trnh Alkyl ha, c bit l qu trnh O Alkyl ha. Alkyl ha l cc qu trnh
a cc nhm Alkyl vo phn t cc cht hu c hoc v c. Cc phn ng Alkyl
ha c gi tr thc t cao trong vic a cc nhm Alkyl vo hp cht thm,
isoparafin, mercaptan, sulfid, amin, cc hp cht cha lin kt ete ngoi ra qu
trnh Alkyl ha l nhng giai on trung gian trong sn xut cc monome, cc cht
ty ra Trn th gii mt s sn phm ca qu trnh Alkyl ha c sn xut
vi quy m kh ln. V d M hng nm ngi ta sn xut khong 4 triu tn
etylbenzen, 1,6 triu tn izopropyl benzen, 0,4 triu tn alkyl benzen hn 4 triu

tn glycol v cc sn phm ch bin alkylenoxid, khong 30 triu tn izoparafin

alkylat, khong 1 triu tn ter butyleste

MC LC
CHNG 1: C S L THUYT ...................................................................................7
1.1.1. Khi nim: ..................................................................................................................7
1.1.2. Phn loi cc phn ng alkyl ha: ..........................................................................7
1.1.3.Cc tc nhn alkyl ha: ..............................................................................................8
1.1.4. Xc tc trong phn ng ankyl ha:..........................................................................9
1.1.5. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh alkyl ha: ...................................................10
1.1.6. Gii thiu v phn ng O alkyl ha: ....................................................................10
a. O- alkyl ha bng cc dn xut Clo: ............................................................................10
b. O- alkyl ha bng olefin: ..............................................................................................11
1.2. Ha hc v l thuyt ca s ester ha:......................................................................12
1.2.1. Phn ng ester ha ca axit hu c, axit v c vi ru:....................................12
1.2.2. iu kin phn ng v xc tc:...............................................................................13
1.2.3. C ch phn ng O-ankyl ha to ester:................................................................15
Chng 2: CNG NGH ESTE HA SN XUT ETYL AXETAT.......................17
2.1. Cng ngh este ha:.....................................................................................................17
2.2. Qui tc chung tin hnh phn ng este:....................................................................17
2.3. Sn xut etylacetat:.....................................................................................................18
2.3.1. Phng trnh phn ng:..........................................................................................18
2.3.2. c trng ca cc nguyn liu v thnh phm:....................................................19
KT LUN.........................................................................................................................21
TI LIU THAM KHO.................................................................................................22

CHNG 1: C S L THUYT
1.1. C s l thuyt v qu trnh alkyl ha:
1.1.1. Khi nim:
Alkyl ha l qu trnh a cc nhm alkyl vo phn t cc nhm hu c hoc
v c.
Cc phn ng alkyl ha c gi tr thc t cao trong vic a cc nhm alkyl
vo hp cht thm ; ngoi ra qu trnh alkyl ha l nhng giai on trung gian
trong sn xut cc monome , cc cht ty ra
1.1.2. Phn loi cc phn ng alkyl ha:
C-alkyl ha : l th nguyn t hidro ni vi cacbon bng nhm alkyl .Sn
phm l hp cht c s nguyn t cacbon ca mch cacbon tng ln . c trng l
phn ng alkyl ha vng thm ( phn ng Fridel Crafts ):
CnH2n+2 + CmH2mCn+m

Cn+m H2(n+m+1)

O-alkyl ha : l cc phn ng dn n to thnh lin kt gia nhm alkyl v

nguyn t oxy . Sn phm ca phn ng l cc ete , ester ty thuc vo alkyl ha
cn hay axit :

R OH + R OH R OR + H 2 O

R ONa + RX R OR + Na X
R COOH + R OH R COOR + H2 O
R COONa + R X R COOR + NaX
N-alkyl ha : l s th cc nguyn t hidro trong amoniac hoc trong amin
bng cc nhm alkyl . Sn phm ca phn ng l cc amin :
ROH + NH3 RNH2 + H2O
S-alkyl ha : l cc phn ng dn n to thnh lin kt gia nhm alkyl v
nguyn t lu hunh . Sn phm ca phn ng l thioete:
R-X + NaSH RSH + NaCl

1.1.3.Cc tc nhn alkyl ha:

Cc tc nhn alkyl ha c th chia lm ba nhm :
Cc hp cht khng no ( olefin v axetilen ) , trong s ph v cc lin kt
ca cc nguyn t cacbon .
Dn xut Clo vi cc nguyn t Clo linh ng c kh nng th di nh
hng ca cc tc nhn khc nhau .
Ru , ete , ester , oxyt olefin l cc tc nhn m trong qu trnh alkyl ha
lin kt cacbon v oxy s b ph v .
Mt s loi tc nhn alkyl ha c bn :
Cc ancol (R-OH) : thng dng nht l etanol v metanol . Khi s dng cn
lm cht alkyl ha th lun lun phi s dng cht xc tc ( thng l cc axit v
c ) .Ancol thng dng alkyl ha cc amin hoc mt ancol khc . Sn phm l
cc amin hoc ete .
Cc alkyl halogenua (R-X) : Cc alkyl halogenua c mch cacbon ngn (C =
13) l nhng cht lng c si thp . Cc tc nhn alkyl halogenua hay c s
dng alkyl ha cc amin thnh amin bc cao hn .
Cc arakyl halogenua (Ar-(CH2)n-X) : cht hay c s dng nht trong
nhm ny l benzyl clorua hoc benzyl bromua .N thng c dng a vo
v bo v nhm OH ca ng hoc xenluloza .
Cc ester ca axit v c cha oxy : bao gm cc alkyl sunfat , alkyl nitrat ,
alkyl photphat , dialkyl sunfat , dialkyl cacbonat . Cc cht hay c s dng nht
l dimetyl sunfat . Cht ny thng c dng alkyl ha cc OH ca phenol
trong mi trng kim , nc , thm ch c trong mi trng axit.
Cc ester ca axit sunfonic : Trong s cc ester hu c ca axit sunfonic th
cc sunfonat thm c ngha s dng trong thc t lm tc nhn alkyl ha .c
bit l metyl v benzyl benzensunfonat hoc p-toluen sunfonat .Cc tc nhn ny

c s dng alkyl ha OH phenol trong mi trng kim hoc NH ca amin

c mt cht kim hp th axit .
Ngoi ra metyl ester ca benzensunfonic hoc p-toluen sunfonic cn c s
dng iu ch cc mui thuc nhm tetra alkyl amino ca chng ( cc amin bc
4 ).
Cc hp cht mui bc 4 ca amin : c s dng nhiu hn c l phenyl
trimetyl amoni clorua . y l tc nhn metyl ha chn lc : trong mi trng
kim n ch metyl ha c OH phenol m khng phn ng vi amin bc 3 hoc
OH ancol , v vy ni c s dng c hiu metyl ha morphin thnh codein .
Cc tc nhn alkyl ha khc : c th l epoxy, n c s dng iu ch
cc polyete ancol _ cht c tc dng lm gim sc cng b mt .Tc nhn hay c
s dng l etylenoxit .

R-CH2 - OH + CH2 - CH2

O

CH2 -CH2
O

R - CH2 - O -CH2 - CH2 - OH

R-CH2 - O - CH2 - CH2 -O - CH2 -CH2 - OH

1.1.4. Xc tc trong phn ng ankyl ha:

Xc tc thng s dng trong phn ng ankyl ha l acid v c,tiu biu
thng dng H2SO4 .c bit l trong phn ng c ancol lm tc nhn ankyl ha
.Di tc dng ca acid xc tc ,acid s cho i proton .Nhm OH s nhn proton
v hnh thnh nn ion cacboxini ,tip theo ion ny kh nc to cation axyli ,phn
t ancol gn vo axyl ion to thnh ester c proton ha ,sau proton c ti
to v ester hnh thnh.
9

1.1.5. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh alkyl ha:

Bao gm
-

Nng ca cht tham gia phn ng.

Nng cc cht tham gia phn ng c tc dng ln n qu trnh alkyl ha .
S dng tha tc nhn alkyl ha thng cng lm tng hiu sut ca qu trnh ny.
a s cc phn ng alkyl ha l phn ng ta nhit , v nhit phn ng
cng tng ln th tc phn ng cng tng theo . Tc nhn alkyl ha l cc ancol
th phn ng c thc hin nhit cao hn so vi dng tc nhn akyl ha l
alkyl sunfat .
-

Nhit .

Nhit phn ng dao ng nhit t nhit phng (300C) ln ti 2000C (v

d metyl ha anilin thnh dimetyl anilin bng metanol khong
2000C ). Thc hin alkyl ha pha kh th c lc nhit ln ti 4000C .
Alkyl ha vi tc nhn l ancol hoc alkyl halogenua thng c thc hin
p sut v nhit cao c lc ti 3740atm v nhit 2000C.
V d alkyl ha anilin bng metanol c dimetyl anilin thc hin p
sut 3740atm v nhit 2000C .
-

p sut.

1.1.6. Gii thiu v phn ng O alkyl ha:

a. O- alkyl ha bng cc dn xut Clo:
Cc dn xut Clo tc dng vi ru vi vn tc nh v y l phn ng thun
nghch .do tng vn tc , ngi ta tin hnh phn ng vi s c mt dung dch
kim a ru v phenol v dng ancolat v phenolat c kh nng phn ng
cao hn :
R-OH + NaOH

RONa + H2O

Cn bng ca phn ng ny dch chuyn cng nhiu v bn phi nu nhm

hidroxyl c axit cng mnh (phenol > glycol > ru n chc ) v nu nng
10

nc cng thp .Do s c mt ca cc ion OH thc y phn ng ph l thy

phn cc dn xut Clo :
ROH + Cl

+ OH-

RCl

+RO-

ROR +Cl-

Do tng tnh la chn cn phi c lng d nhm hidroxyl ban u so

vi kim v phi hn ch lng nc trong hn hp .Thm ch trong trng hp s
dng phenol c tnh axit cao ( gn nh to phenolat vi kim vi hiu sut l
thuyt) s c mt ca hn hp phenol t do s tng ng k hiu sut sn phm
chnh . V c ch , qu trnh ny tng t nh thy phn kim v cc dn xut Clo
v c xp vo loi th i nhn xy ra theo bc hai :
RCl + RO-

Cl...R...OR

ROR + Cl-

Nu cu to ca dn xut clo ph hp s xy ra phn ng song song l HCl.

Tng hp cc ete t dn xut Clo c s dng vi nhiu cht , v vn tc phn
ng ph thuc vo tnh i nhn ca ancolat (hoc phenolat) cng nh vo hot tnh
ca dn xut Clo.
b. O- alkyl ha bng olefin:
Phn ng theo lin kt alkyl oxy v tng hp ester trc tip t olefin .Cc
phn ng ny thng xy ra vi s to thnh hp cht trung gian : ion cacboni , do
vy yu t tng s bn ha ion ny s thc y phn ng .Ngoi ra s nh hng
cu to ca ru v ca tc nhn axit cng tng t nh trng hp ester ha bnh
thng . Do vy mt vi ester , c bit l ester ca axit sunfuric v arilsulfonic l
nhng tc nhn alkyl ha thng dng .
Trong trng hp axit cacbonxyl , cc tnh cht tng t th hin r:
ArSO2OR

+ROH

ArSO2OH + ROR

cn cc ester thng l sn phm ph ca qu trnh ny .

11

Ester ca ru ba chc m trong qu trnh tng hp v bin i chng s sinh

ra cc iso olefin nh l sn phm ph :
RCOO-C(CH3)3

+H

+
+ H
-RCOOH
(CH
)
C
RCOO-C(CH3)3
3 3

-H

+
(CH3)2C = CH2

Cc phn ng ngc ca qu trnh ny chnh l c s ca s tng hp trc

tip ester t axit cacbonxyl v olefin .Phn ng ta nhit v thun nghch v cc
thng so nhit ng hc ca n c th tnh c theo trnh t cc giai on cng
hp nc ca olefin v ester ha ru
RCH = CH2

+H2O

RCHOH - CH3

+RCOOH
RCOO - CHR - CH3

Hng so cn bng ca qu trnh s bng tch so hng so cn bng cc phn

ng hp nc v ester ha . cc iu kin ging nhau gi tr hng so cn bng
i vi iso olefin v do i vi ester ba chc l nh nht .Mt khc , kh nng
phn ng ca olefin ph thuc vo bn ca cc ion , ion cacboni v thay i
theo dy sau :
(CH3)2C = CH2 > CH3 CH = CH2 > CH2 = CH2
Do etylen c kh nng phn ng thp nn i hi nhit rt cao .
1.2. Ha hc v l thuyt ca s ester ha:
Phn ng ester ha l cc phn ng to ra cc lin kt ester. Nhng dy
chng ta ch nghin cu phn ng ester ha ca axit, anhydrite v cloanhydric vi
cc ru v olefin.
1.2.1. Phn ng ester ha ca axit hu c, axit v c vi ru:
y l phn ng quan trng nht:
RCOOH + RCOOH

RCOOR + H2O.

Trng hp cc ru lng chc v axit lung chc hnh thnh nhiu loi
ester

khc

nhau

ph

thuc

vo

12

mol

ban

HCOOC-R-COOH

CH2OH

COOC-RCOOR RCOOC-R-COOR

CH2OCOR

CH2OCOR

CHOH

+RCOOH

CH2OH

CHOH +RCOOH CHOH

+RCOOH CHOCOR

CH2OC
OR

CH2OH

CH2OCOR

CH2OCOR

Khi ru v axit u l hp ht lng chc th s hnh thnh hp cht cao

phn t:

n H O O C -R -C O O H + n H O -R
-nH
-OH

O
2

[-H O O C -Rn '-C O O -R -O -]

i vi cc axit v c nh H 2CO 3 ,H 3PO 4 phn ng vi ru khng dn n

kt qa mong mun v vy thu c cc ester ca cc axit n ta phi s dng
dng anhydric:
COCl 2 +CH 3OH CO(OCH 3) 2 +HCl

C th thay th cc anhydric thay th cho cc cloanhydric. Phn ng din ra

theo hai giai on :
+ROH
(CH3CO)O+ROH CH 3 -COOR+CH 3COOH
2CH 3 -COOR+H 2O

V hot tnh ha hc ca cc tc nhn este ha nu trn c th sp xp theo

dy sao y
RCOCl > (RCO)2 O > RCOOH
Gn y ngi ta s dng phng php cc este ha trc tip Axit Cabonyl
bng cc olefin khng qua giai on hp nc ca cc olefin to thnh ru.
1.2.2. iu kin phn ng v xc tc:
Cc phn ng este ha iu l phn ng thun nghch. S este cc ru bng
Axit Cabonyl c th tin hnh khng cn xuc tc nhng xy ra tng i chm
13

t c vn tc tng i th cn nhit cao 2003000C.Tuy nhin c mt s

phn ng este khng cn phi s dng xc tc bi v s c mt xc tc lm cht
lng sn phm km
Trong

pha

lng

qu

trnh

este

ha

dng

xc

tc

axit

(H2SO4,HCl,Arylsulfonic,nha trao i ion,,),Khi phn ng xy ra nhit

701500C.
Trong pha kh s dng xc tc d th nh Al2O3,Alumosilicat photsphat
Phn ng este ha ca ancol vi Axitcacbonyl trong pha lng xy ra dn nh
khng c s hp thu hay ta nhit ( hiu ng nhit = 0 ).Ging nh vy hng s
ca phn ng ny khng ph thuc vo nhit .Cn cc phn ng este ha ru
bng anhydric v cloanhydric l cc qu trnh ta nhit.
Trng thi cn bng ca phn ng Axit Cacboxyl vi ru

Kc =

[ RCOOR '],[ H 2O]

[ RCOOH ].[ R ' OH ]

Hng s cm bng Kc ph thuc vo cu to axit v cu to ru.Nu cc

mch cacbon trong phn t ru tng s lm gim hm s cn bng.Hng s cn
bng c xp theo th t tng dn:
Ru bc nht no mch thng> ru bc 2 no v ru allil v benzil > ru
bc 3 v phenol.
Cc cu to ca axit cacboxylic t nh hung n cn bng phn ng ester ha
n v s nh hng ny ngc chiu vi ru. Khi tng chiu di v s phn
nhnh ca mch cacbon trong phn t axit th hng s cn bng c xu hng tng
ln.
i vi cc phn ng din ra trong pha kh, c hng s cn bng ln hn v
n ph thuc vo nhit .
*Cc phng php tng chuyn ha ca cc cu t tham gia phn ng:

14

- Trong pha lng: c nhiu phng php nhng hu hiu nht l chng ct
este ra khi hn hp phn ng.
- Trong pha kh: tng hiu sut chuyn ha ngi ta ly d mt trong hai
cu t (thng chn cu t r tin hn).
C th d dng nhn thy qu trnh ngc li l s thy phn este, tng
hiu sut nn ly d nc.
1.2.3. C ch phn ng O-ankyl ha to ester:
Trong s cc phng php iu ch ester th phng php to ester n gin
nht v thng dng nht l phn ng loi nc gia acid v ancol. y l mt phn
ng thun nghch (v l phn ng ngc ca phn ng thu phn ester), v phn
ng chuyn dch v pha phi (v hng to ra ester) th cn phi c acid proton
H+ lm xc tc.
O
R

C OH
acid

H+

+ R'OH

O
R

OR'

+ HOH

Phn t nc loi ra trong phn ng trn c th xut pht t OH ca acid hoc

ca ancol. Nhng i vi phn ng iu ch ester theo con ng O-ankyl ho th
phn t nc loi ra t -OH ca acid.
y bc ca ancol s quyt nh c ch phn ng, nu mun tch phn t
nc c cha nhm OH ca ancol th cn phi ester ho ancol bc 3 (theo c ch
SN1). Nhng nu mun tch phn t nc cha nhm OH ca acid th ancol em
phn ng s phi l ancol bc 1 hay bc 2, v s xy ra theo c ch th electrophin
lng phn t SN2.
Di tc dng ca xc tc acid, proton gn vo cacbonyl ca nhm cacboxyl
to ra hydra axyli ion , cng lc i in t ca nguyn t oxi thuc nhm
OH ca ancol tn cng vo ion dng axyl hnh thnh nn ion ca ester c
proton ho, cui cng ion ny loi nc v proton sinh ra ester:
15

16

Chng 2: CNG NGH ESTE HA SN XUT ETYL AXETAT

2.1. Cng ngh este ha:
Cc qu trnh este cng ngh tng hp este c thnh hai nhm chnh:
Qu trnh pha lng: l cc qu trnh khng c xc tc hoc xc tc ng th,
trong phn ng mc t hoc nhiu trng lp vi s chng ct.
Cc qu trnh vi s xc tc d th trong pha lng hay pha kh c thc hin
trong cc thit b dng ng chm, khng c s trng lp vi cc gia on chng
ct.
2.2. Qui tc chung tin hnh phn ng este:
Cc nguyn liu (axit cacboxylic, ancol v xc tc) c cn ong cho vo
ni phn ng, ung hi lu trong thi gian nht nh tin hnh phn ng. Trong
qu trnh phn ng ty im si v tnh cht vt l, ha hc ca nguyn liu v
thnh phn m ct loi nc ra hoc este ra y nhanh phn ng. Sau thi gian
phn ng kt thc ty theo tng phn ng c th m tnh ch cho ph hp.
Este c nhit si cao ca cc axit v ru chm bay hi. Thuc v cc
nhm ny l cc este ca cc iaxit (phtalic, seboxylic, adipic), este ca cc
monoaxit C4 C5 v ca cc ru a chc glycol, glyxerin v cc ru phn t
lng ln. Trong hn hp cc cht trn th nc s l cu t d bay hi nht, do
vy ngi ta chng tch ring bit n. tng cng tch nc c th s dng kh
tr hoc tin hnh chng ct chn khng.
Este c nhit si cao ca cc axit v ru tng i chm bay hi. Trong
nhm ny c este ca axit vi cc ru C1 C8, cng nh este ca axit fomic,
acetic vi glycol hay glyxerin. Khi chng tch nc th c th cc cu t d bc
hi tch theo. Ru butylic v cc ru cao hn to thnh vi nc hn hp ng
ph, sau khi ngng t s tch thnh hai lp ring bit. C th a lp ru bn
trn tr li phn ng, nh vy s t c chuyn ha cao. Cn trong trng
hp cu t bay hi cng vi nc khng phn lp sau khi ngng t, ngi ta c
17

th thm vo mt s cht to vi nc hn hp ng ph benzen). Nc s

tch ra cng vi cht ng phcc nhit si thp sau khi tch lp ng ph li
a tr li phn ng. i vi cc hn hp ny ngi ta thng cho lng ru
phn ng d, sau chng tch phn on tch ru ra khi nc.
Este c nhit si trung bnh v to vi nc (hoc vi nc v ru) hn
hp ng ph, trong nc chim u th (v t l mol). Thuc nhm ny l butylv amilacetat. Qu trnh phn tch c thc hin tng t. Sau khi ngng t, hn
hp ng ph s tch thnh hai pha: pha nc v pha hu c. Pha hu c bao gm
este v ru s c a tr li phn ng.
Este d bc hi v to thnh vi ru v nc hn hp ng ph trong este
chim u th so vi nc. Khi chng ct hn hp ny th hn hp phn ng s
cha nhiu nc. Nh vy trong trng hp ny este thu nhn di dng ngng t
cng vi nc v ru.
Qu trnh este ha ng thi chng ct hn hp ng ph c tin hnh theo
phng php lin tc hoc gin on. Thc t ngi ta s dng phng php lin
tc nhiu hn.
hiu r hn v cng ngh sn xut este, ta xt s cng ngh sn xut
mt este d bc hi, c ng dng nhiu trong cng nghip l etylacetat
CH3COOC2H5.
2.3. Sn xut etylacetat:
2.3.1. Phng trnh phn ng:
CH3COOH + C2H5OH

HH2SO
2SO
44

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

y l mt phn ng este ha c thc hin bng cng ngh lin tc. Vi

vic ct ng ph ba cu t (terneary azeotrop) c th chuyn dch cn bng v pha
sn phm.

18

2.3.2. c trng ca cc nguyn liu v thnh phm:

Axt acetic c nhit si l 1180C, etanol l 780C, etylacetat si 770C.
im si ng ph ba cu t este etanol nc l 700C (thnh phn l 83,2%
este, 9% ancol, nc). im si ng ph hai cu t ca nc etanol l 78.20C,
ca este etanol l 71.80C, ca este nc l 70.50C.
Etylacetat l mt dung mi quan trng c s dng lm nguyn liu cho
nhiu qu trnh tng hp (nh trong sn xut etyl acetoacetat), lm hng liu.
-

Thit b

Trong cc cng ngh lin tc thng s dng cc thit b thp a loi m

chp si bt, vt liu lm thit b l thp chu axit.
-

Cng ngh sn xut

Dy chuyn sn xut c minh ha theo s sau:

10

Nc

1 2 3

14

5
6

9
13

2
Nc v H2SO4 ra khi h thng
15

16

Thuyt trnh cng ngh

19

T cc thng 1, 2, 3 ong cc nguyn liu vo thit b tin phn ng 4 (ni hai

v,c my khuy) vi t l mol l axit acetic : etanol : H2SO4 = 1 : 1.5 : 0,005. Sau
khi hn hp phn ng t ti im cn bng c bm qua bnh cao v 5, hn
hp c chy qua thit b lm nng 6 trc khi i vo thp 7. Nhit nh thp
duy tr 800C. Hi ct ra sau khi i qua thit b ngng t 8 c dn vo thit b
chng ct 9, ti nh thp duy tr nhit sn phm ct ra l 700C tng ng vi
nhit si hn hp ng ph, sn phm sau khi i qua thit b ngng t 10 c
trn vi nc trong thit b 11, sau c tch pha trong thit b phn pha 12.
Pha trn (l pha hu c) c cha khong 93% este v 2% ancol c dn ti thp
13. Sn phm tch loi nh thp c nc v ancol (do vy m ngi ta gi thp
ny l thp lm khan hay thp sy kh).
Sn phm y c lm lnh qua 15 thu c etylacetat nng 98 - !00%
c cha vo thng cha 16.
Lu :
-

Trong phn ng lng nc sinh ra nhiu hn

lng nc ri khi h thng v vy di thp s 7 nc v axit c tho ra

lin tc.
-

y thp s 9 sn phm c dn ngc tr

li thp s 7 tng hu sut ca qu trnh chng chat.

-

Hai thit b s 4 l m bo cho dy chuyn

hot ng mt cch lin tc, hai thit b ny thay nhau lm vic.

-

Tinh ch, lm khan este c tin hnh bng

vic ct ng ph.

20

KT LUN
Qua nhng g c thy ging dy v truyn t, gip chng em hiu
c phn no mn Tng Hp Hu C Ha Du. Cc qu trnh v thit b truyn
khi l mt trong nhng qu trnh c bn, mu cht ca cc ngnh Cng nghip
hin i nc ta nh l : ha hu c, ha du, thc phm, dc phm
Vi mn hc ny i hi ngi hc phi c kin thc rng v su khng ch
mn Ha m c cc mn khc nh Ton, Vt l, thm ch c v K thut. Nhng
vi s ging dy v hong dn tn tm ca Thy, chng em hon thnh phn
bi tiu lun ca mnh. Phn bi tiu lun phn no gip chng em hiu c
ni dung ca mn hc ny v nhn ra rng nhng kin thc ca mn hc rt cn
thit cho chng em sau ny khi i lm vic ngoi thc t. Chng em xin cm n
Thy tn tnh hng dn cho chng em hon thnh bi tiu lun ny.
Trong bi Tiu lun ny chng em c gng khc phc sai st v hoan
thnh bi lm, tuy vy vn cn thiu st mong Thy hong dn v ch bo thm
cho chng em. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n Thy.

21

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Phm Vn Bn, Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc tp 10(1999),
NXB i hc Bch Khoa, t/p H Ch Minh.
[2]. H L Vin, Tnh ton v thit k cc chi tit thit b ha cht v du kh
(2006), NXB KHKT, H Ni.
[3]. Pts Trn Xoa, S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1
(1978), NXB Khoa hc k thut, H Ni.
[4]. Pts Trn Xoa, S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp
2(1999), NXB Khoa hc k thut, H Ni.

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