Toa Do Khong Gian

Trn S Tng PP to trong khng gian
TKG 01: VIT PHNG TRNH MT PHNG

Dng 1: Vit phng trnh mt phng bng cch xc nh vect php tuyn
Cu 1. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im A(2;4;1), B(1;1;3) v mt phng
(P):
x y z 3 2 5 0 +
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) i qua hai im A, B v vung
gc vi mt phng (P).
Cu 2. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua hai im
A B (2;1;3), (1; 2;1)
v song song vi ng thng
x t
d y t
z t
1
: 2
3 2
+
'
.
Cu 3. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 ng thng
d
1
( )
v
d
2
( )
c phng trnh:
x y z
d
1
1 1 2
( );
2 3 1
+
,
x y z
d
2
4 1 3
( ):
6 9 3

. Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) cha (d
1
) v
d
2
( )
.
Cu 4. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt cu (S) c phng trnh:
x y z x y z
2 2 2
2 6 4 2 0 + + +
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) song song vi gi ca
vc t
v (1;6;2)
r
, vung gc vi mt phng
x y z ( ): 4 11 0 + +
v tip xc vi (S).
Cu 5. Trong khng gian vi h toa Oxyz, cho im M(1; 1; 1) va hai ng thng
x y z
d
1
1
( ):
1 2 3
+

v
x y z
d
2
1 4
( ):
1 2 5

. Chng minh rng im
M d d
1 2
, ,
cung
nm trn m t m t phng. Vit phng trinh mt phng o.
Dng 2: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n mt cu
Cu 6. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d:
x y z 3 3
2 2 1

v mt cu
(S):
x y z x y z
2 2 2
2 2 4 2 0 + + +
. Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) song song vi d v
trc Ox, ng thi tip xc vi mt cu (S).
Cu 7. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt cu (S):
x y z x y
2 2 2
2 4 4 0 + + +
v
mt phng (P): x z 3 0 + . Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) i qua im
M(3;1; 1)

vung gc vi mt phng (P) v tip xc vi mt cu (S).
Cu hi tng t:
Vi
S x y z x y z
2 2 2
( ): 2 4 4 5 0 + + + +
,
P x y z M ( ): 2 6 5 0, (1;1;2) + +
.
Cu 8. Trong khng gian vi h trc Oxyz, cho mt cu (S):
x y z x y z
2 2 2
2 4 2 3 0 + + + +
.
Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha trc Ox v ct mt cu (S) theo mt ng trn c
bn knh r 3 .
Cu 9. Trong khng gian vi h trc Oxyz, cho mt cu (S):
x y z x y z
2 2 2
2 2 2 1 0 + + + +

v ng thng
x y
d
x z
2 0
:
2 6 0

'

. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d v ct mt cu

(S) theo mt ng trn c bn knh r 1 .
Cu 10. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng
x y z
1
1
:
2 1 1
,
x y z
2
1
:
1 1 1

v mt cu (S):
x y z x y z
2 2 2
2 2 4 3 0 + + + +
. Vit phng trnh
tip din ca mt cu (S), bit tip din song song vi hai ng thng
1
v
1
.
Trang 1
PP to trong khng gian Trn S Tng
Cu 11. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt cu (S) c phng trnh
x y z x y z
2 2 2
2 4 6 11 0 + + +
v mt phng () c phng trnh 2x + 2y z + 17 = 0.
Vit phng trnh mt phng () song song vi () v ct (S) theo giao tuyn l ng trn
c chu vi bng
p 6
.
Cu hi tng t:
y z x y z S x
2 2
2 4 6 11 0
2
( ): + + + +
,
x y z ( ):2 2 19 0 + + a
,
p 8
.
Dng 3: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n khong cch
Cu 12. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua O, vung
gc vi mt phng (Q):
x y z 0 + +
v cch im M(1; 2; 1) mt khong bng
2
.
Cu 13. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho ng thng :
x y z 1 3
1 1 4

v
im M(0; 2; 0). Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M, song song vi ng
thng , ng thi khong cch d gia ng thng v mt phng (P) bng 4.
Cu hi tng t:
Vi
x y z
M d
1
: ; (0;3; 2), 3
1 1 4

.
Cu 14. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng
x t
d y t
z
( ): 1 2
1

+
'

v im
A( 1;2;3)
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng (d) sao cho khong cch t
im A n mt phng (P) bng 3.
Cu 15. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im
M N I ( 1;1;0), (0;0; 2), (1;1;1)
. Vit
phng trnh mt phng (P) qua A v B, ng thi khong cch t I n (P) bng
3
.
Cu 16. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho t din ABCD vi
A(1; 1;2)
,
B(1;3;0)
,
C( 3;4;1)
,
D(1;2;1)
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua A, B sao cho khong cch t C
n (P) bng khong cch t D n (P).
Cu hi tng t:
Vi
A B C D (1;2;1), ( 2;1;3), (2; 1;1), (0;3;1)
.
Cu 17. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta
Oxyz
, cho cc im
A(1;2;3)
,
B(0; 1;2)
,
C(1;1;1)
. Vit phng trnh mt phng
P ( )
i qua A v gc ta O sao cho khong cch
t B n
P ( )
bng khong cch t C n
P ( )
.
Cu hi tng t:
Vi
A B C (1;2;0), (0;4;0), (0;0;3)
.
Oxyz
, cho ba im
A(1;1; 1)
,
B(1;1;2)
,
C( 1;2; 2)
v mt phng (P):
x y z 2 2 1 0 + +
. Vit phng trnh mt phng
( )
i qua
A, vung gc vi mt phng (P), ct ng thng BC ti I sao cho IB IC 2 .
d d
1 2
,
ln lt c phng
trnh
x y z
d
1
2 2 3
:
2 1 3

,
x y z
d
2
1 2 1
:
2 1 4

. Vit phng trnh mt phng cch

u hai ng thng
d d
1 2
,
.
d d
1 2
,
ln lt c phng
trnh
x t
d y t
z
1
1
: 2
1
+

'

,
x y z
d
2
2 1 1
:
1 2 2
+

. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) song song

Trang 2
vi
d
1
v
d
2
, sao cho khong cch t
d
1
n (P) gp hai ln khong cch t
d
2
n (P).
Cu 21. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua hai im
A(0; 1;2)
,
B(1;0;3)
v tip xc vi mt cu (S):
x y z
2 2 2
( 1) ( 2) ( 1) 2 + + +
.
Cu 22. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im
A(2; 1;1)
. Vit phng trnh mt
phng (P) i qua im A v cch gc ta O mt khong ln nht.
Cu 23. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im A(10; 2; 1) v ng thng d c
phng trnh:
x y z 1 1
2 1 3

. Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua A, song song vi d
v khong cch t d ti (P) l ln nht.
Cu 24. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng (d) c phng trnh tham s
{
x t y t z t 2 ; 2; 2 2 + +
. Gi l ng thng qua im A(4;0;1) song song vi (d)
v I(2;0;2) l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (d). Vit phng trnh ca mt phng cha
v c khong cch n (d) l ln nht.
Cu 25. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng
x y z
d
1 2
:
2 1 2

v im
A(2;5;3)
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d sao cho khong cch t A n (P) l ln
nht.
Cu hi tng t:
a)
x y z
d A
1 1 2
: , (5;1;6)
2 1 5
+
.
b)
x y z
d A
1 2
: , (1;4;2)
1 1 2
+

.
Cu 26. Trong khng gian to Oxyz, cho hai im
M(0; 1;2)
v
N( 1;1;3)
. Vit phng
trnh mt phng (P) i qua M, N sao cho khong cch t im
K(0;0;2)
n mt phng (P)
l ln nht.
Dng 4: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n gc
Cu 27. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng () cha ng thng ( ):
x y z 1
1 1 2

v to vi mt phng (P) :
x y z 2 2 1 0 +
mt gc 60
0
. Tm ta giao
im M ca mt phng () vi trc Oz.
Cu 28. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua giao
tuyn d ca hai mt phng
x y ( ): 2 1 0 a
,
x z ( ): 2 0
v to vi mt phng
Q x y z ( ): 2 2 1 0 +
mt gc m
2 2
cos
9

Cu 29. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im
A B ( 1;2; 3), (2; 1; 6)
v mt
phng
P x y z ( ): 2 3 0 + +
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha AB v to vi mt
phng (P) mt gc tho mn
3
cos
6
.
Cu hi tng t:
A B (0;0;1), (1;1;0)
,
P Oxy
1
( ) ( ),cos
6

.
x y z
d
x y z
3 0
:
2 4 0
+ +
'
+ +
. Vit
phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng d v to vi mt phng (Oxy) mt gc
Trang 3
0
60
.
Cu 31. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai mt phng
P x y z ( ): 5 2 5 1 0 +
v
Q x y z ( ): 4 8 12 0 +
. Lp phng trnh mt phng
R ( )
i qua im M trng vi gc ta
O, vung gc vi mt phng (P) v to vi mt phng (Q) mt gc
0
45 a
.
Cu hi tng t:
Vi
P x y z Q Oyz M
0
( ): 2 0,( ) ( ), (2; 3;1), 45 a
.
S:
R x y ( ): 1 0 + +
hoc
R x y z ( ): 5 3 4 23 0 +
Cu 32. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng c phng trnh:
x y z
1
1 1 1
:
1 1 3
v
x y z
2
:
1 2 1

. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha

1
v
to vi
2
mt gc
0
30 a
.
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi
x y z
1
2
:
1 1 1
,
x y z
2
2 3 5
:
2 1 1
,
0
30 a
.
b)
x y z
1
1 1
:
2 1 1
,
x y z
2
2 1
:
1 1 1
,
0
30 a
.
Cu 33. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im
M(1;2;3)
v to vi cc trc Ox, Oy cc gc tng ng l
0 0
45 , 30
.
Cu 34. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (Q):
x y z 2 5 0 + +
v ng
thng
x y z
d
1 1 3
:
2 1 1
+ +
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng d v to
vi mt phng (Q) mt gc nh nht.
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (Q):
x y z 2 2 3 0 + +
,
x y z
d
1 2
:
1 2 1
+

.
b) Vi
x y z
Q Oxy d
1 2
( ) ( ), :
1 1 2
+

.
c) Vi
Q x y z ( ): 2 2 0
,
x t
d y t
z t
: 1 2
2

+
'
.
M N ( 1; 1;3), (1;0;4)
v mt phng
(Q):
x y z 2 5 0 + +
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua M, N v to vi (Q) mt gc
nh nht.
Cu hi tng t:
M N Q Oxy (1;2; 1), ( 1;1;2),( ) ( )
.
x t
d y t
z t
1
: 2
2

+
'
. Vit phng
trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng d v to vi trc Oy mt gc ln nht.
Cu 37. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng
x y z
d
1
1 2
:
1 2 1
+

v
x y z
d
2
2 1
:
2 1 2
+

. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha

d
1
sao cho gc gia mt phng
(P) v ng thng
d
2
l ln nht.
Trang 4
x y z
d
1 2 1
:
1 1 1
+ +

v im
A(2; 1;0)
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua A, song song vi d v to vi mt phng
(Oxy) mt gc nh nht.
Cu 39. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (Q):
x y z 2 2 0 + +
v im
A(1;1; 1)
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im A, vung gc vi mt phng (Q) v
to vi trc Oy mt gc ln nht.
Dng 5: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n tam gic
Cu 40. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho im A(4; 5; 6). Vit phng trnh mt
phng (P) qua A, ct cc trc ta ln lt ti I, J, K m A l trc tm ca tam gic IJK.
Cu hi tng t:
Vi A(1; 1; 1).
Cu 41. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho A(2; 0; 0) M(1; 1; 1). Mt phng (P) thay i
qua AM ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti B(0; b; 0), C(0; 0; c) (b > 0, c > 0). Chng minh
rng:
bc
b c
2
+ . T , tm b, c din tch tam gic ABC nh nht.
Cu 42. Trong khng gian to
Oxyz,
cho im
A(2;2;4)
v mt phng
P ( ): x y z 4 0 + + +
.
Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) song song vi (P) v (Q) ct hai tia
Ox,

Oy
ti 2 im B,
C sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng 6.
Oxyz,
cho cc im
A B (3;0;0), (1;2;1)
. Vit phng trnh mt
phng (P) qua A, B v ct trc Oz ti M sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng
9
2
.
Dng 6: Cc dng khc v vit phng trnh mt phng
Cu 44. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im
M(9;1;1)
, ct cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz ti A, B, C sao cho th tch t din OABC c gi tr nh
nht.
Cu hi tng t:
Vi
M(1;2;4)
.
M(1;2;3)
, ct cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz ti A, B, C sao cho biu thc
OA OB OC
2 2 2
1 1 1
+ +
c gi tr
nh nht.
M(2;5;3)
, ct cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz ti A, B, C sao cho biu thc OA OB OC + + c gi tr nh
nht.
Trang 5
TKG 02: VIT PHNG TRNH NG THNG
Dng 1: Vit phng trnh ng thng bng cch xc nh vect ch phng
x y z
d
1 1 2
:
2 1 3
+
v mt
phng P :
x y z 1 0
. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua
A(1;1; 2)
, song song
vi mt phng
P ( )
v vung gc vi ng thng d.
Cu 48. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng (d) c phng trnh: {
x t
;
y t 1 2 +
; z t 2 + ( t R ) v mt phng (P):
x y z 2 2 3 0
.Vit phng trnh tham
s ca ng thng nm trn (P), ct v vung gc vi (d).
Cu 49. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im M(2; 1; 0) v ng thng :
x y z 1 1
2 1 1
+

. Lp phng trnh ca ng thng d i qua im M, ct v vung gc

vi .
Cu 50. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x + 2y 2z + 1 = 0 v hai
im A(1;7; 1), B(4;2;0). Lp phng trnh ng thng (D) l hnh chiu vung gc ca
ng thng AB trn (P).
Cu 51. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca
ng thng
x z
d
x y z
2 0
:
3 2 3 0

'
+
trn mt phng
P x y z : 2 5 0 + +
.
Cu hi tng t:
Vi
x y z
d
1 1 2
:
2 1 3
+
,
P x y z ( ): 3 2 5 0 +
.
Cu 52. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, gi A, B, C ln lt giao im ca mt phng
( ) : 6 2 3 6 0 P x y z + +
vi Ox, Oy, Oz. Lp phng trnh ng thng d i qua tm
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC ng thi vung gc vi mt phng (P).
Cu 53. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho 3 im
A B C (1;2; 1), (2;1;1); (0;1;2)
v
ng thng
x y z
d
1 1 2
:
2 1 2
+ +

. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua trc tm ca

tam gic ABC, nm trong mt phng (ABC) v vung gc vi ng thng d.
Dng 2: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n mt ng thng khc
Cu 54. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im M(2; 1; 0) v ng thng d c phng
trnh
x y z
d
1 1
:
2 1 1
+

. Vit phng trnh ca ng thng i qua im M, ct v

vung gc vi ng thng d v tm to im M i xng vi M qua d.
Cu hi tng t:
a)
x y z
M d
3 1 1
( 4; 2;4); :
2 1 4
+ +

. S:
1 3
:
3 2 1
+

x y z
Cu 55. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho ng thng
x y z
d
1 1
:
1 2 1
+

v hai im
A(1;1; 2)
,
B( 1;0;2)
. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua A, vung gc vi d sao cho khong
cch t B ti l nh nht.
x y z 1 1
:
2 3 1
+ +

v hai im
Trang 6
A(1;2; 1),

B(3; 1; 5)
. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im A v ct ng thng
sao cho khong cch t B n ng thng d l ln nht.
Cu 57. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 5; 0), B(3; 3; 6) v ng
thng :
x y z 1 1
2 1 2
+

. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im B v ct ng

thng ti im C sao cho din tch tam gic ABC c gi tr nh nht.
x y z
d
1 2 2
:
3 2 2
+

v mt
phng (P): x + 3y + 2z + 2 = 0. Lp phng trnh ng thng song song vi mt phng
(P), i qua M(2; 2; 4) v ct ng thng (d).
Cu hi tng t:
a)
x y z
d
1 2
:
1 2 1

,
P x y z ( ): 3 2 2 0 + + +
,
M(2;2;4)
.
b)
x y z
d
2 2
:
1 3 2
+
,
P x y z ( ):2 1 0 + +
,
M(1;2;1)
.
c)
x y z 2 4 1
3 2 2
+

,
P x y z ( ):3 2 3 2 0
,
M(3; 2; 4)
.
Cu 59. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng
x y z ( ):3 2 29 0 +
v hai
im
A(4;4;6) B , (2;9;3)
. Gi
E F ,
l hnh chiu ca A v B trn
( )
. Tnh di on
EF . Tm phng trnh ng thng nm trong mt phng
( )
ng thi i qua giao
im ca AB vi
( )
v vung gc vi AB.
Cu 60. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 mt phng (P), (Q) v ng thng (d) ln
lt c phng trnh:
x y z
P x y z Q x y z d
1 1
( ): 2 0, ( ): 3 3 1 0, ( ):
2 1 1

+ + + . Lp
phng trnh ng thng nm trong (P) song song vi mt phng (Q) v ct ng
thng (d).
Cu 61. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 3 im
A B C (1;2; 1), (2;1;1), (0;1;2)
v
ng thng
x y z
d
1 1 2
( ):
2 1 2
+ +

. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua trc tm

ca tam gic ABC, nm trong mt phng (ABC) v vung gc vi ng thng (d).
Cu 62. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P):
x y z 2 5 0 + +
, ng
thng
x y z
d
3 1 3
:
2 1 1
+ +
v im
A( 2;3;4)
. Vit phng trnh ng thng nm
trn (P), i qua giao im ca d v (P), ng thi vung gc vi d. Tm im M trn sao
cho khong cch AM ngn nht.
Cu hi tng t:
P x y z ( ): 2 2 9 0 + +
,
x t
d y t
z t
1
: 3 2
3

+
'
+
.
Cu 63. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im
A(3; 1;1)
, ng thng
x y z 2
:
1 2 2

, mt phng
P x y z ( ): 5 0 +
. Vit phng trnh ca ng thng d i
qua im A , nm trong ( P) v hp vi ng thng mt gc
0
45
.
Cu 64. Trong khng gian to Oxyz, cho ng thng d:
x y z 3 2 1
2 1 1
+ +

v mt phng
(P):
x y z 2 0 + + +
. Gi M l giao im ca d v (P). Vit phng trnh ng thng
nm trong mt phng (P), vung gc vi d ng thi khong cch t M ti bng
42
.
Trang 7
Cu 65. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (
):
x y z 1 0 +
, hai ng
thng ( ):
x y z 1
1 1 1

, ( ):
x y z 1
1 1 3
+
. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) nm
trong mt phng (
) v ct ( ); (d) v ( ) cho nhau m khong cch gia chng bng

6
2
.
Dng 3: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n hai ng thng khc
Cu 66. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng vung gc chung ca hai
ng thng:
x y z
1
7 3 9
:
1 2 1
v
2
:
x t
y t
z t
3 7
1 2
1 3
+

'

.
Cu hi tng t:
Vi
x t
y t
z
1
3
( ): 1 2
4
+
'

,
x t
y t
z t
2
2 2 '
( ): 2 '
2 4 '
'
+
.
Cu 67. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im
( )
M 4; 5;3
v ct c hai ng thng:
x y
d
y z
1
2 3 11 0
:
2 7 0
+ +
'
+
v
x y z
d
2
2 1 1
:
2 3 5
+

.
Cu hi tng t:
a) M(1;5;0),
x y z
d
1
2
:
1 3 3

,
x t
d y t
z t
2
: 4
1 2

'
+
.
b) M(3; 10; 1) ,
x y z
d
1
2 1 3
:
3 1 2
+ +
,
x y z
d
2
3 7 1
:
1 2 1

1 2
,
v mt phng (
) c
phng trnh l
x t
x y z
y t x y z
z t
1 2
2
1 1 2
: 5 3 , : , ( ): 2 0
1 1 2

+
+ +
+ + +
'

. Vit phng
trnh ng thng d i qua giao im ca
1
vi (
) ng thi ct
2
v vung gc vi trc
Oy.
Cu 69. Trong khng gian vi h toa Oxyz, cho ng thng
x t
d y t
z t
1
1
: 1 2
1 2
+
+
'
, ng thng
2
d

l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (P):
x y 2 1 0
v (Q):
x y z 2 2 5 0 + +
. Goi I la giao
i m cua
d d
1 2
,
. Vit phng trnh ng thng
d
3
qua im A(2; 3; 1), ng thi ct hai
ng thng
d d
1 2
,
ln lt tai B va C sao cho tam gic BIC cn nh I.
x y z 4 3 11 0 +
v hai
ng thng d
1
:
x
1
=
y 3
2
=
z 1
3
+
,
x 4
1
=
y
1
=
z 3
2
. Chng minh rng d

1
v d
2
cho
nhau. Vit phng trnh ng thng nm trn (P), ng thi ct c d
1
v d
2
.
Cu 71. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai mt phng v hai ng thng c phng
trnh (P):
x y z 3 12 3 5 0 +
v (Q):
x y z 3 4 9 7 0 + +
, (d
1
):
x y z 5 3 1
2 4 3
+ +

, (d
2
):
Trang 8
x y z 3 1 2
2 3 4
+

. Vit phng trnh ng thng () song song vi hai mt phng (P),

(Q) v ct (d
1
), (d
2
).
Cu 72. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P):
x y z 2 2 3 0 +
v hai
ng thng (d
1
), (d
2
) ln lt c phng trnh
x y z 4 1
2 2 1

v
x y z 3 5 7
2 3 2
+ +

.
Vit phng trnh ng thng ( ) song song vi mt phng (P), ct
d
1
( )
v
d
2
( )
ti A v
B sao cho AB = 3.
x y z 2 1 0 + +
v hai
ng thng
x y z
d
1
1 2 3
:
2 1 3
+
,
x y z
d
2
1 1 2
:
2 3 2
+
. Vit phng trnh ng
thng song song vi (P), vung gc vi
d
1
v ct
d
2
ti im E c honh bng 3.
Cu 74. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho hai ng thng
d d
1 2
( ),( )
v mt phng (P) c phng
trnh:
x y z
d
1
1 2
( ):
1 2 1
+ +
,
x y z
d
2
2 1 1
( ):
2 1 1

;
P x y z ( ): 2 5 0 + +
. Lp phng
trnh ng thng (d) song song vi mt phng (P) v ct
d d
1 2
( ),( )
ln lt ti A, B sao cho
di on AB nh nht.
x y z
d
1
8 6 10
( ):
2 1 1
+

v
x t
d y t
z t
2
( ): 2
4 2

'
. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi trc Ox v ct (d

1
)
ti A, ct (d
2
) ti B. Tnh AB.
Cu 76. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng: (d
1
):
x t
y t
z t
23 8
10 4
+
+
'
v (d
2
):
x y z 3 2
2 2 1
+

. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi trc Oz v ct c hai

ng thng (d
1
), (d
2
).
Cu 77. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(2,0,0); B(0,4,0); C(2,4,6) v
ng thng (d):
x y z
x y z
6 3 2 0
6 3 2 24 0
+
'
+ +
. Vit phng trnh ng thng // (d) v ct cc

ng thng AB, OC.
Cu 78. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho bn im A(4;5;6); B(0;0;1); C(0;2;0);
D(3;0;0). Chng minh cc ng thng AB v CD cho nhau. Vit phng trnh ng
thng (D) vung gc vi mt phng Oxy v ct cc ng thng AB, CD
Cu 79. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng c phng trnh:
x t
d y t
z t
1
1 2
:
1

'
+
v
x y z
d
2
:
1 1 2
. Xt v tr tng i ca d
1
v d
2
. Vit phng trnh
ng thng d qua M trng vi gc to O, ct d
1
v vung gc vi d
2
.
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi
M(1;1;1)
,
x y z
d
1
2 1
( ):
3 1 2
+

,
x t
d y t
z t
2
2 2
( ): 5
2
+

'
.
Cu 80. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 ng thng c phng trnh:
Trang 9
(d
1
) :
x t
y t
z t
4
6 2

+
'
+
v (d
2
) :
x t
y t
z t
'
3 ' 6
' 1

'

Gi K l hnh chiu vung gc ca im I(1; 1; 1) trn (d

2
). Tm phng trnh tham s ca
ng thng i qua K vung gc vi (d
1
) v ct (d
1
).
Cu 81. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im M(0;1;1) v 2 ng thng (d
1
), (d
2
)
vi: (d
1
):
x y z 1 2
3 2 1
+
; (d
2
) l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (P): x 1 0 + v (Q):
x y z 2 0 + +
. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) qua M vung gc (d
1
) v ct (d
2
).
P x y z ( ): 2 2 0 +
v 2 ng
thng
x y z
d
1 1 1
( ):
1 3 2

, ( )
1 2
' :
2 1 1
x y z
d


( )

nm trong mt phng (P), vung gc vi ng thng (d) v ct ng thng (d').
x y z 2 1 0 +
v hai
ng thng (d
1
):
x y z 1 2 3
2 1 3
+
, (d
2
):
x y z 1 1 2
2 3 2
+
. Vit phng trnh ng
thng () song song vi mt phng (P), vung gc vi ng thng (d
1
) v ct ng thng
(d
2
) ti im E c honh bng 3.
Cu 84. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(0; 0;3), B(2; 0;1) v mt
phng (P) c phng trnh:
x y z 3 8 7 1 0 + +
. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ng thng d
nm trn mt phng (P) v d vung gc vi AB ti giao im ca ng thng AB vi (P).
Cu 85. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng d
1
:
x y z 1 1 1
2 1 1
+

;
d
2
:
x y z 1 2 1
1 1 2
+
v mt phng (P):
x y z 2 3 0 +
nm trn mt phng (P) v ct hai ng thng d
1
, d
2
.
Cu 86. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng (d) vung gc vi
mt phng (P):
x y z 1 0 + +
ng thi ct c hai ng thng
x y z
d
1
1 1
( ):
2 1 1
+

v
x t
d y
z t
2
1
( ): 1
+

'
, vi t R .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (P):
x y z 2 5 3 0 + + +
,
x y z
d
1
1 1
( ):
2 1 2
+
,
x y z
d
2
2 1
( ):
1 1 2

b) Vi P x y z ( ): 2 5 1 0 + ,
x y z
d
1
1 1 2
:
2 3 1
+
,
x y z
d
2
2 2
:
1 5 2
+

Cu 87. Trong khng gian vi h toa Oxyz, cho ba mt phng: (P):

x y z 2 1 0 + +
, (Q):
x y z 2 3 0 + +
, (R):
x y z 2 3 1 0 + +
v ng thng
1
:
x y z 2 1
2 1 3
+

. Gi
2
l
giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q). Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) vung gc vi (R) v ct c
hai ng thng
1
,
2
.
Cu 88. Trong khng gian vi h toa Oxyz, cho ba ng thng c phng trnh
x t
d y t
z t
1
: 4
1 2

'
+
,
x y z
d
2
2
:
1 3 3

,
x y z
d
3
1 1 1
:
5 2 1
+ +
. Vit phng trnh ng
Trang 10
thng , bit ct ba ng thng
d d d
1 2 3
, ,
ln lt ti cc im A, B, C sao cho
AB BC .
Dng 4: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n khong cch
Cu 89. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng (d):
x t
y t
z t
2 4
3 2
3
+
+
'
+
v mt phng
(P):
x y z 2 5 0 + + +
. Vit phng trnh ng thng () nm trong (P), song song vi
(d) v cch (d) mt khong l
14
.
x y z 1 0 + +
v ng
thng: d:
x y z 2 1 1
1 1 3

. Gi I l giao im ca d v (P). Vit phng trnh ca ng
thng nm trong (P), vung gc vi d sao cho khong cch t I n bng
h 3 2
.
Cu hi tng t:
P x y z ( ): 2 0 + + +
,
x y z
d
3 2 1
:
2 1 1
+ +

,
h 42
.
x y z 2 2 9 0 + +
v ng
thng
x y z
d
1 1 3
:
1 7 1
+

. Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc vi (P) v ct d

ti mt im M cch (P) mt khong bng 2.
P x y z ( ): 3 1 0 +
v cc
im
A(1;0;0)
;
B(0; 2;3)
. Vit phng trnh ng thng d nm trong (P) i qua A v cch
B mt khong ln nht (nh nht).
P x y z ( ): 2 2 5 0 +
v cc
im
A( 3;0;1)
;
B(1; 1;3)
. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A, song song vi (P) v
cch B mt khong nh nht.
x y z 1 2
:
2 1 1
, hai im
A(0; 1;2)
,
B(2;1;1)
. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A v ct ng thng sao
cho khong cch t B n d l ln nht (nh nht).
Cu hi tng t:
a)
x y z
A B
x y z
1 0
: , (2;1; 1), ( 1;2;0)
1 0
+ +

'
+
.
b)
x y z
A B
1 2 1
: , (3; 2;1), (2;1; 1)
1 2 1
.
c)
x y z
A B
1 2
: , (1;4;2), ( 1;2;4)
1 1 2
.
x y z
d
1 2
:
2 1 1

, hai im
A B (1;1;0), (2;1;1)
. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A v vung gc vi d, sao cho
khong cch t B n l ln nht.
Cu 96. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua
A(0; 1;2)
, ct ng thng
x y z
1
1 2
:
2 1 1
sao cho khong cch gia d v ng

thng
x y z
2
5
:
2 2 1
l ln nht.
Trang 11
Cu hi tng t:
x y z
x y z
A
x y z
1 2
1 1 1
2 1 0
(2; 1;2), : , :
1 0
2 1 1

+ + +

'
+ +
.
A(1; 1;2)
, song song vi mt phng
P x y z ( ): 1 0 + +
sao cho khong cch gia d v
ng thng
x y z
x y z
3 0
:
2 2 0
+ +
'
+
l ln nht.
Dng 5: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n gc
Cu 98. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im A(3; 1; 1), ng thng :
x y z 2
1 2 2
v mt phng (P):
x y z 5 0 +
. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng
thng d i qua A, nm trong (P) v hp vi ng thng mt gc
0
45
.
Cu 99. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng nm trong mt
phng
P x y z ( ): 1 0 + +
, ct cc ng thng
x t x t
d y t d y t
z t z t
1 2
1 3
: ; : 1
2 2 1 2
+

+
' '
+

v to vi
d
1
mt gc 30
0
.
Cu 100. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh chp A.OBC, trong A(1; 2; 4), B
thuc trc Ox v c honh dng, C thuc Oy v c tung dng. Mt phng (ABC)
vung gc vi mt phng (OBC),
tan 2 OBC
. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng
BC.
A B (2; 1;1), (0;1; 2)
v ng
thng
x y z
d
3 1
:
1 1 2
+

. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua giao im ca ng

thng d vi mt phng (OAB), nm trong mt phng (OAB) v hp vi ng thng d mt
gc sao cho
5
cos
6
.
Cu 102. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im
A(0;1; 2)
, vung gc vi ng thng
x y z
d
3 2
:
1 1 1
+

v to vi mt phng (P):
x y z 2 5 0 + +
mt gc
0
30 a
.
Cu 103. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua
A(1; 1;2)
, song song vi mt phng
P x y z ( ): 2 3 0 +
, ng thi to vi ng thng
x y z 1 1
:
1 2 2
mt gc ln nht (nh nht).

A( 1;0; 1)
, ct ng thng
x y z
1
1 2 2
:
2 1 1
sao cho gc gia d v ng thng

x y z
2
3 2 3
:
1 2 2
l ln nht (nh nht).

Dng 6: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n tam gic
Cu 105. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ABC vi ta nh C(3; 2; 3) v phng
trnh ng cao AH, phng trnh ng phn gic trong BD ln lt l:
Trang 12
x y z
d
1
2 3 3
:
1 1 2

,
x y z
d
2
1 4 3
:
1 2 1

. Lp phng trnh ng thng cha

cnh BC ca ABC v tnh din tch ca ABC .
Cu 106. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ABC vi
A(1; 1;1)
v hai ng trung
tuyn ln lt c phng trnh l
x y z
d
1
1 2
:
2 3 2

,
x t
d y
z t
2
1
: 0
1

'
. Vit phng trnh

ng phn gic trong ca gc A.
Trang 13
TKG 03: VIT PHNG TRNH MT CU
Dng 1: Vit phng trnh mt cu bng cch xc nh tm v bn knh
Cu 107. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im
I (1; 2;3)
. Vit phng trnh mt cu
tm I v tip xc vi trc Oy.
Cu 108. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng: (d
1
) : {
x t y t z 2; ; 4
v
(d
2
) : { 3 ; ; 0 x t y t z
. Chng minh (d
1
) v (d
2
) cho nhau. Vit phng trnh mt cu
(S) c ng knh l on vung gc chung ca (d
1
) v (d
2
).
Cu hi tng t:
a)
x y z
d
1
2 1
:
1 1 2

,
x t
d y
z t
2
2 2
: 3
'
.
b)
x y z x y z
d d
1 2
2 1 2 4 2
( ): ,( ):
1 2 2 1 6 2
+

Cu 109. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng:
x y z
d
1
4 1 5
:
3 1 2
+

v
2
2
: 3 3
+
+
'
x t
d y t
z t
. Vit phng trnh mt cu c bn knh nh nht tip xc vi c hai ng
thng
d
1
v
d
2
.
Cu hi tng t:
x t
d y t
z
1
2
:
4

'

,
x t
d y t
z
2
3
:
0

'

.
1
( )
c phng trnh
{ x t y t z 2; ; 4 ;
2
( )
l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng
x y ( ): 3 0 +
v
x y z ( ): 4 4 3 12 0 + +
. Chng t hai ng thng
1 2
,
cho nhau v vit phng trnh
mt cu nhn on vung gc chung ca
1 2
,
lm ng knh.
Cu 111. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.ABCD c A
O, B(3;0;0), D(0;2;0), A(0;0;1). Vit phng trnh mt cu tm C tip xc vi AB.

Cu 112. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho 4 im A( 1; 1; 2), B( 1; 3; 2), C( 4; 3;
2), D( 4; 1; 2) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh:
x y z 2 0 + +
. Gi A l hnh chiu ca
A ln mt phng Oxy. Gi (S) l mt cu i qua 4 im A , B, C, D. Xc nh to tm v
bn knh ca ng trn (C) l giao ca (P) v (S).
Cu 113. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im A(1; 2; 3) v ng thng d c
phng trnh
x y z 1 2 3
2 1 1
+ +

. Tnh khong cch t im A n ng thng d. Vit

phng trnh mt cu tm A, tip xc vi d.
x y z
d
5 7
:
2 2 1
+

v im
M(4;1;6)
. ng thng d ct mt cu (S), c tm M, ti hai im A, B sao cho AB 6 .
Vit phng trnh ca mt cu (S).
( )
x y z : 2 2 3 0 + v mt
cu ( )
S x y z x y z
2 2 2
: 2 4 8 4 0 + + +
. Xt v tr tng i ca mt cu (S) v mt
Trang 14
phng
( )
. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S ) i xng vi mt cu (S) qua mt phng
( )
.
Cu 116. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, lp phng trnh mt cu (S) bit rng mt phng
Oxy v mt phng (P): 2 z ln lt ct (S) theo hai ng trn c bn knh bng 2 v 8.
x y z 2 2 2 0
v ng
thng d:
x y z 1 2
1 2 1
+

. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I thuc d, I cch (P) mt

khong bng 2 v (P) ct (S) theo mt ng trn (C) c bn knh bng 3.
Cu 118. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 im A(0; 0; 4), B(2; 0; 0) v mt phng
(P):
x y z 2 5 0 + +
. Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) i qua O, A, B v c khong cch t
tm I ca mt cu n mt phng (P) bng
5
6
.
A B C (1;3;4), (1;2; 3), (6; 1;1)
v
mt phng
x y z ( ): 2 2 1 0 + +
. Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm nm trn mt
phng
( )
v i qua ba im
A B C , ,
. Tnh din tch hnh chiu ca tam gic ABC trn mt
phng
( )
.
Cu 120. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d:
x y z 1 1
3 1 1
+
v mt
phng (P):
x y z 2 2 2 0 + +
. Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm nm trn ng thng
d c bn knh nh nht tip xc vi (P) v i qua im A(1; 1; 1).
Cu 121. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho ng thng d:
x y z 1 2
1 1 1
+
v mt phng (P):
x y z 2 2 2 0 + +
. Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm nm trn d, tip xc vi mt phng
(P) v i qua im A(2; 1; 0).
Cu 122. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im
I (1;2; 2)
, ng thng :
x y z 2 2 3 +
v mt phng (P):
x y z 2 2 5 0 + + +
. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c
tm I sao cho mt phng (P) ct khi cu theo thit din l hnh trn c chu vi bng 8 . T
lp phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha v tip xc vi (S).
Cu 123. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng {
d x t y z t : ; 1;
v 2
mt phng (P):
x y z 2 2 3 0 + + +
v (Q):
x y z 2 2 7 0 + + +
(S) c tm I thuc ng thng (d) v tip xc vi hai mt phng (P) v (Q).
Cu hi tng t:
{
d x t y t z t : 2 ; 1 2; 1 + +
,
P x y z ( ): 2 2 5 0 + +
,
Q x y z ( ): 2 2 13 0 +
.
x y z 2 2 10 0 +
, hai
ng thng (
1
):
x y z 2 1
1 1 1

, (
2
):
x y z 2 3
1 1 4
+
(S) c tm thuc (
1
), tip xc vi (
2
) v mt phng (P).
Dng 2: Vit phng trnh mt cu bng cch xc nh cc h s ca phng trnh
Cu 125. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho 3 im A(3;1;1), B(0;1;4), C(1;3;1). Lp
phng trnh ca mt cu (S) i qua A, B, C v c tm nm trn mt phng (P): x + y 2z +
4 = 0.
Cu 126. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c tam gic
ABC vung ti A, nh A trng vi gc ta O, B(1; 2; 0) v tam gic ABC c din tch
bng 5. Gi M l trung im ca CC. Bit rng im A (0; 0; 2) v im C c tung
dng. Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip t din AB C M.
Cu 127. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho t din ABCD vi A(2; 1; 0), B(1; 1; 3),
C(2;1; 3), D(1;1; 0). Tm ta tm v bn knh ca mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD.
Trang 15
Cu 128. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P):
x y z 2 2 6 0 + +
, gi A,
B, C ln lt l giao im ca (P) vi cc trc ta Ox, Oy, Oz. Vit phng trnh mt cu
(S) ngoi tip t din OABC, tm ta tm v bn knh ca ng trn (C) l giao tuyn
ca (P) v (S).
Cu 129. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD

c cnh bng 2. Gi M l trung im ca on
AD, N l tm hnh vung CCDD. Tnh bn knh mt cu i qua cc im B, C, M, N.
Dng 3: Cc bi ton lin quan n mt cu
Cu 130. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x 2y z 4 = 0 v mt cu
(S): x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
2x 4y 6z 11 = 0. Chng minh rng mt phng (P) ct mt cu (S)
theo mt ng trn. Xc nh ta tm v tnh bn knh ca ng trn .
Cu 131. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho A(2; 0; 0), B(0; 2; 0), C(0; 0; 2). Tnh bn
knh mt cu ni tip t din OABC.
Cu 132. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im S(0;0;1), A(1;1;0). Hai im M(m;
0; 0), N(0; n; 0) thay i sao cho m n 1 + v m > 0, n > 0. Tnh khong cch t A n mt
phng (SMN). T suy ra mt phng (SMN) tip xc vi mt mt cu c nh.
Cu 133. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng c phng trnh
x t
d y
z t
1
: 0
2

'
,
x
d y t
z t
2
0
:
2

'
. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) bn knh

R 6
, c tm nm
trn ng phn gic ca gc nh to bi
d d
1 2
,
v tip xc vi
d d
1 2
,
.
Trang 16
TKG 04: TM IM THO IU KIN CHO TRC
Dng 1: Xc nh im thuc mt phng
Cu 134. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1;2;3) v B(3;4;1). Tm to
im M thuc mt phng (P):
x y z 1 0 +
MAB l tam gic u.
Cu hi tng t:
Vi
(4; 0; 0) , (0; 0; 4) A B
, (P):
2 2 4 0 + x y z
.
Cu 135. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(0; 0;3) v B(2; 0;1). Tm to
im M thuc mt phng (P):
x y z 3 1 0 +
MAB l tam gic u.
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi
A B P x y z (1;1; 3), (3;1; 1),( ):3 8 7 4 0 + +
.
b) Vi
A B P x y z (1;2;3), ( 1;4;2),( ): 1 0 + +
.
Cu 136. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai im
A B (3;5;4) , (3;1;4)
. Tm ta
im C thuc mt phng
P x y z ( ): 1 0
sao cho tam gic ABC cn ti C v c din tch
bng
2 17
.
Cu 137. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(0; 1; 2), B(2; 2; 1), C(2; 0; 1).
Vit phng trnh mt phng (ABC) v tm im M thuc mt phng (P):
x y z 2 2 3 0 + +

sao cho MA = MB = MC .
Cu 138. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im
(0; 2;1), (2; 0;3) A B
v mt phng
( ) : 2 4 0 P x y z +
. Tm im M thuc (P) sao cho MA =MB v
( ) ( ) ABM P
.
Cu 139. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(2;0;0), C(0;4;0), S(0; 0; 4).Tm
ta im B trong mp(Oxy) sao cho t gic OABC l hnh ch nht. Vit phng trnh
mt cu i qua bn im O, B, C, S.
Cu 140. Trong khng gian Oxyz cho hai im
A B (1;3;2), (3;7;18)
v mt phng (P):
x y z 2 1 0 + +
. Tm ta im M (P) sao cho MA + MB nh nht.
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi
A B (0; 1;2), ( 1;1;3)
,
P Oxy ( ) ( )
.
b) Vi
A(1;0;0)
,
B(1;2;0)
,
P x y z ( ): 4 0 + +
.
c) Vi
A B P x y z (1;2; 1), (3;1; 2),( ): 2 0 +
.
Cu 141. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im A(1;5;0), B(3;3;6) v ng thng
c phng trnh tham s {
x t y t z t 1 2; 1 ; 2 +
. Mt im M thay i trn ng
thng , xc nh v tr ca im M chu vi tam gic MAB t gi tr nh nht.
Cu 142. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng
P x y z ( ): 3 3 11 0 +
v
hai im
A(3; 4;5)
,
B(3;3; 3)
. Tm im
M P ( )
sao cho
MA MB
ln nht.
Cu hi tng t:
a)
P x y z ( ): 4 0 + +
,
A(1;2;1)
,
B(0;1;2)
.
b)
P x y z A C ( ): 2 0, (1;2; 1), (1; 2;1) +
.
0 8 2 2 + + z y x
v cc
im
A B (1;2;3), (3;0;1)
. Tm im M
(P) sao cho

2 2
MB MA +
nh nht.
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (P):
x y z 0 + +
, A(3; 5;5); B(5;3; 7). S: M O(0; 0; 0).
b) Vi (P):
x y z 5 7 5 0 +
,
A B (4;9; 9), ( 10;13;1)
. S: M
50 192 75
; ;
17 17 17
| `

. ,
.
P x y z ( ): 4 0 + +
v cc
im
A(1;2;1)
,
B(0;1;2)
. Tm im
M P ( )
sao cho
MA MB
2 2
2 +
nh nht.
Cu 145. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; 2; 5), B(1; 4; 3),
Trang 17
C(5; 2; 1) v mt phng (P):
x y z 3 0
. Gi M l mt im thay i trn mt phng
(P). Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
F MA MB MC
2 2 2
+ +
. Khi tm to ca M.
Cu hi tng t:
a) A(1; 3; 5), B(1; 4; 3), C(4; 2; 1), (P):
x y z 3 0
.
b) A(1; 1; 0), B(0; 1; 1) v C(2; 2; 1), (P):
x y z 3 2 0 + +
.
c) A(1; 2; 3), B(3; 0; 1), C(1; 4; 7), (P):
0 6 2 2 + + z y x
.
Cu 146. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho cc im
A( 1;0;1)
,
B(2; 1;0)
,
C(2;4;2)
v mt phng (P):
x y z 2 2 0 + + +
. Tm to im M thuc (P) sao cho biu
thc
T MA MB MC
2 2 2
+ +
t gi tr nh nht.
P x y z ( ): 4 0 + +
v cc
im
A(1;2;1)
,
B(0;1;2)
,
C(0;0;3)
. Tm im
M P ( )
sao cho
MA MB MC
2 2 2
3 2 + +
nh
nht.
P x y z ( ): 1 0 +
v cc
im
A(1;2; 1)
,
B(1;0; 1)
,
C(2;1; 2)
. Tm im
M P ( )
sao cho
MA MB MC
2 2 2
+

nh nht.
P x y z ( ): 2 0 +
v cc
im
A(1;2; 1)
,
B(3;1; 2)
,
C(1; 2;1)
. Tm im
M P ( )
sao cho
MA MB MC
2 2 2

nh nht.
Cu 150. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 3 im A(3; 1; 1), B(7; 3; 9), C(2; 2; 2) v
mt phng (P) c phng trnh:
x y z 3 0 + +
. Tm trn (P) im M sao cho
MA MB MC 2 3 + +
uuur uuur uuur
nh nht.
P x y z ( ): 4 0 + +
v cc
im
A(1;2;1)
,
B(0;1;2)
,
C(0;0;3)
. Tm im
M P ( )
sao cho
MA MB MC 3 4 + +
uuur uuur uuur
nh
nht.
Oxyz
, cho mt phng
P x y z ( ): 1 0 + +
v ba
im
A B C (2;1;3), (0; 6;2), (1; 1;4)
. Tm ta im M trn mt phng
P ( )
sao cho
MA MB MC + +
uuur uuur uuur
t gi tr b nht.
Cu hi tng t:
P x y z A B C ( ): 2 0, (1;2; 1), (3;1; 2), (1; 2;1) +
.
Cu 153. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P):
x y z 3 3 2 37 0 + +
v
cc im
A B C (4;1;5), (3;0;1), ( 1;2;0)
. Tm to im M thuc (P) sao cho biu thc sau
t gi tr nh nht: S =
MAMB MBMC MC MA . . . + +
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuuuruuur
Cu 154. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho cc im
A B (0;1;2), ( 1;1;0)
v mt
phng (P):
x y z 0 +
. Tm to im M thuc (P) sao cho MAB vung cn ti B.
Cu 155. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho cc im
B( 1; 3; 0)
,
C(1; 3; 0)
,
M a (0; 0; )
vi a > 0. Trn trc Oz ly im N sao cho mt phng (NBC) vung gc vi mt
phng (MBC). Tm a th tch ca khi chp BCMN nh nht
Dng 2: Xc nh im thuc ng thng
x t
d y t
z t
2
:
1 2

'
v mt phng
(P):
x y z 1 0 + +
. Gi d l hnh chiu ca d trn mt phng (P). Tm to im H
thuc d sao cho H cch im
K(1;1;4)
mt khong bng 5.
Trang 18
Cu 157. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 4; 2),B(1; 2; 4) v ng
thng :
x y z 1 2
1 1 2
+

. Tm to im M trn sao cho:

MA MB
2 2
28 +
.
Oxyz,
cho cc im
A B C (0;1;0), (2;2;2), ( 2;3;1)
v ng
thng
x y z
d
1 2 3
:
2 1 2
+

. Tm im M trn d th tch t din MABC bng 3.

Cu 159. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im M(2; 1; 2) v ng thng d:
x y z 1 3
1 1 1

. Tm trn d hai im A, B sao cho tam gic ABM u.
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi
M(1;0; 1)
,
x t
d y t
z
: 2
1

'
.
Cu 160. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im A(0; 1; 3) v ng thng d:
x t
y t
z
1
2 2
3

+
'

. Tm trn d hai im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC u.

Cu 161. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, tm trn Ox im A cch u ng thng (d) :
1 2
1 2 2
+

x y z
v mt phng (P) :
x y z 2 2 0
.
x y z 2 2 1 0 +
v hai
ng thng
1
:
x y z 1 9
1 1 6
+ +
;
2
:
x y z 1 3 1
2 1 2
+

. Xc nh ta im M
thuc ng thng
1
sao cho khong cch t M n ng thng
2
v khong cch t M
n mt phng (P) bng nhau.
Cu hi tng t:
Vi (P):
x y z 2 2 1 0 + +
,
x y z
1
3 5
:
1 1 1
,
x y z
2
1 2 3
:
4 1 1

Cu 163. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng
x y z
1
1 2
:
2 1 1
v
x y z
2
1 1 3
:
1 7 1
. ng vung gc chung ca
1
v
2
ct
1
ti A, ct
2
ti B.
Tnh din tch OAB.
x y z 2 2 1 0 +
v cc
ng thng
x y z x y z
d d
1 2
1 3 5 5
: ; :
2 3 2 6 4 5
+

. Tm cc im
1 2
M d N d , sao
cho MN // (P) v cch (P) mt khong bng 2.
x y z 2 2 1 0 +
v cc
ng thng
x y z
d
1
1 3
:
2 1 2

,
x y z
d
2
5 5
:
3 4 2
+
. Tm cc im
1 2
A d B d , sao
cho AB // (P) v AB cch (P) mt khong bng 1.
Cu 166. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(1; 5; 4), B(0; 1; 1), C(1; 2; 1). Tm
ta im D thuc ng thng AB sao cho di on thng CD nh nht.
x y z
d
1
1 1
:
2 1 1
+

v
x y z
d
2
:
1 1 2
. Tm cc im M thuc
d
1
, N thuc
d
2
sao cho ng thng MN song song
vi mt phng (P):
x y z 2012 0 + +
v di on MN bng
2
.
Trang 19
x y z
d
2 1
:
1 1 1
+

v cc
im
A B C (1;0;0), (0;1;1), (0;0;2)
. Tm im M thuc dsao cho gc gia hai mt phng
(MAB) v (CAB) bng
0
30 a
.
Cu 169. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng c phng trnh:
x t
y t
z
1
1
( ): 1
2
+

'

v
x y z
2
3 1
( ):
1 2 1
. Xc nh im A trn
1
v im B trn
2
sao
cho on AB c di nh nht.
thng
x t
d y t
z t
2 4
: 6
1 8
+

'
. Tm im I trn ng thng d sao cho IA + IB t gi tr nh nht.

Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi
A B (1; 1;2), (3; 4; 2)
,
x y z
d
2 1
:
4 6 8
+

.
b) Vi
A B (1;2;1), (7;2;3)
,
x y z
d
2 4
:
3 2 2

.
thng :
x y z 1 1
2 1 2
+

. Tm to im M trn sao cho MAB c din tch nh nht.

Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi
A B (0;1;0), (2;2;2)
,
x y z 1 2 3
:
2 1 2
.
b) Vi
x y z
A B
3 1
(2; 1;1), (0;1; 2), :
1 1 2
.
c) Vi
x y z
A B
1 2 1
(0;1; 2), (2; 1;1), :
1 1 2
.
d) Vi
x y z
A B
x y
1 0
(2; 1;1), (1; 1;0), :
2 1 0
+

'

.
e) Vi
x y z
A B
1 2
(1;4;2), ( 1;2;4), :
1 1 2
.
Cu 172. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im
A(5;8; 11)
,
B(3;5; 4)
,
C(2;1; 6)

v ng thng
x y z
d
1 2 1
:
2 1 1

. Xc nh to im M thuc ng thng d sao
cho
MA MB MC
uuur uuur uuur
t gi tr nh nht.
Cu 173. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho
P x y z ( ): 2 5 0 + +
im A( 2; 3; 4)
v ng thng
x
d y z
3
( ): 1 3
2
+
+ . Gi l ng thng nm trn (P) i qua giao
im ca (d) v (P) ng thi vung gc vi d. Tm trn im M sao cho khong cch AM
ngn nht.
Cu 174. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 1; 2), B(2; 2; 1) v mt phng (P) c
phng trnh
x y z 3 2 0 + +
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) l mt phng trung trc
ca on AB. Gi l giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q). Tm im M thuc sao cho di on
thng OM l nh nht.
Cu 175. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng (d
1
):
x y z 3 1
1 1 2
+

, (d
2
):
Trang 20
x y z 2 2
1 2 1
+

. Mt ng thng () i qua im A(1; 2; 3), ct ng thng (d

1
) ti
im B v ct ng thng (d
2
) ti im C. Chng minh rng im B l trung im ca on
thng AC.
E F 4 3 9 (2;1;5), ( ; ; )
. Gi l giao
tuyn ca hai mt phng
P : 2x y z 1 ( ) 0 + +
v
Q x y z ( ): 2 7 0 +
. Tm im I
thuc sao cho:
IE IF
ln nht .
x y z
d:
1 1 1
v hai im
A(0;0;3)
,
B(0;3;3)
. Tm im M d sao cho:
a) MA MB + nh nht. b)
MA MB
2 2
2 +
nh nht. c)
MA MB 3
uuur uuur
nh nht.
Dng 3: Xc nh im thuc mt cu
Cu 178. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt cu (S):
x y z x y m
2 2 2
4 6 0 + + + +

v ng thng (d) l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (P):
x y z 2 2 1 0 +
, (Q):
x y z 2 2 4 0 +
v . Tm m (S) ct (d) ti 2 im M, N sao cho di MN = 8.
x y z 3 0 + +
v mt cu
(S):
x y z x y z
2 2 2
6 8 2 23 0 + + +
. Tm trn (S) im M sao cho khong cch t M
n mt phng (P) l ln nht. Khi hy vit phng trnh mt cu (T) c tm M v ct (P)
theo mt ng trn c bn knh bng 4.
Cu 180. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt cu (S) v mt phng (P) c phng
trnh l
S x y z x y z P x y z
2 2 2
( ): 4 2 6 5 0, ( ): 2 2 16 0 + + + + + +
. im M di ng
trn (S) v im N di ng trn (P). Tnh di ngn nht ca on thng MN. Xc nh v
tr ca M, N tng ng.
Cu hi tng t:
S x y z x y z
2 2 2
( ): 4 4 2 0 + + +
;
P x y z ( ): 2 2 4 0 + +
.
Cu 181. Trong khng gian ta Oxyz , cho im
A B C (0;1;1), (1;0; 3), ( 1; 2; 3)
v mt cu (S) c
phng trnh:
x y z x z
2 2 2
2 2 2 0 + + +
. Tm ta im D trn mt cu (S) sao cho t din
ABCD c th tch ln nht.
Dng 4: Xc nh im trong khng gian
Cu 182. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng ():
x y z 3 2 4 0 + +
v hai
im A(4;0;0) , B(0;4;0) .Gi I l trung im ca on thng AB. Xc nh ta im K
sao cho KI vung gc vi mt phng (), ng thi K cch u gc ta O v ().
Cu 183. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 4 im A(2;4;1), B(1;4;1), C(2;4;3),
D(2;2;1). Tm ta im M
MA MB MC MD
2 2 2 2
+ + +
t gi tr nh nht.
x y z 3 0 + + +
v im A(0;
1; 2). Tm to im A i xng vi A qua mt phng (P).
Cu 185. Trong khng gian vi h to
Oxyz,
cho cc im
A B C (1;0;0), (0;1;0), (0;3;2)
v
mt phng
x y ( ): 2 2 0. + +
Tm to ca im M bit rng M cch u cc im
A B C , ,
v mt phng
( ).
Oxyz,
cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC, bit
A B C (3;0;0), (0;3;0), (0;0;3)
. Tm to nh S bit th tch khi chp S.ABC bng 36.
Trang 21
Dng 5: Xc nh im trong a gic
Cu 187. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho ba im A(1;0;0), B(0;2;0), C(0;0;3).
Tm to trc tm ca tam gic ABC.
Cu hi tng t:
Vi A(3;0;0), B(0;1;4), C(1;2;2).
A( 1;3;5)
,
B( 4;3;2)
,
C(0;2;1)
.
Tm ta tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Cu 189. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(1; 0; 1), B(1; 2; 1), C(1; 2; 3).
Tm ta tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Cu 190. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho ba im
A(2;3;1)
,
B( 1;2;0)
,
C(1;1; 2)
.
Tm ta trc tm H v tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Cu 191. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ba im
A B C ( 1;0;1), (1;2; 1), ( 1;2;3)
v
I l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I v tip
xc vi mt phng (Oxz).
Cu 192. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho tam gic ABC c
A(3;1;0)
, B nm trn mt
phng (Oxy) v C nm trn trc Oz. Tm to cc im B, C sao cho im
H(2;1;1)
l trc
tm ca tam gic ABC.
Cu 193. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho im A(3; 2; 3) v hai ng thng c phng trnh
x y z
d
1
2 3 3
:
1 1 2

v
x y z
d
2
1 4 3
:
1 2 1

. Chng minh ng thng d

1
, d
2
v
im A cng nm trong mt mt phng. Xc nh to cc nh B v C ca tam gic ABC
bit d
1
cha ng cao BH v d
2
cha ng trung tuyn CM ca tam gic ABC.
Cu 194. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cho tam gic ABC c A(3;2;3), ng cao
CH, ng phn gic trong BM ca gc B ln lt c phng trnh l
x y z
d
1
2 3 3
:
1 1 2

,
x y z
d
2
1 4 3
:
1 2 1

. Tnh di cc cnh ca tam gic ca

tam gic ABC.
Cu 195. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hnh thang cn ABCD vi ( ) A 3; 1; 2 ,
( ) B 1;5;1 , ( ) C 2;3;3 , trong AB l y ln, CD l y nh. Tm to im D.
Cu 196. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hnh thoi ABCD vi
A( 1;2;1)
,
B(2;3;2)
.
Tm ta cc nh C, D v vit phng trnh mt phng cha hnh thoi bit rng tm I
ca hnh thoi thuc ng thng
x y z
d
1 2
:
1 1 1
+

v im D c honh m.
Cu 197. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh
vung,
A(1;0;0)
,
C( 1;2;0)
,
D( 1;0;0)
,
S(0;0; 3)
. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca
on SB v CD. Chng minh rng hai ng thng AM v BN vung gc vi nhau v xc
nh ta tm ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ONB.
Oxyz,
cho hnh vung
MNPQ
c
M(5;3; 1)
,
P(2;3; 4)
. Tm to nh
Q
bit rng nh N nm trong mt phng
R x y z ( ): 6 0. +
Cu 199. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh vung ABCD, bit
B(3;0;8)
,
D( 5; 4;0)
v nh A thuc mt phng (Oxy). Tm ta im C.
Cu 200. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh vung ABCD, bit
A C (1;2;0), (2;3; 4)
.
v nh B nm trn mt phng (Q):
x y z 2 3 0 + +
. Tm to ca nh D, bit to ca
B l nhng s nguyn.
Trang 22

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Toa Do Khong Gian

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Trn S Tng PP to trong khng gian

TKG 01: VIT PHNG TRNH MT PHNG

. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d v ct mt cu

. Vit phng trnh mt phng cch

. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) song song

. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha

. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha

. Lp phng trnh ca ng thng d i qua im M, ct v vung gc

. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua trc tm ca

. Vit phng trnh ca ng thng i qua im M, ct v

. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im B v ct ng

. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua trc tm

) v ct ( ); (d) v ( ) cho nhau m khong cch gia chng bng

. Chng minh rng d

. Vit phng trnh ng thng () song song vi hai mt phng (P),

. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi trc Ox v ct (d

. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi trc Oz v ct c hai

. Vit phng trnh ng thng // (d) v ct cc

Gi K l hnh chiu vung gc ca im I(1; 1; 1) trn (d

. Vit phng trnh ng thng

Cu 87. Trong khng gian vi h toa Oxyz, cho ba mt phng: (P):

. Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc vi (P) v ct d

sao cho khong cch gia d v ng

. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua giao im ca ng

mt gc ln nht (nh nht).

sao cho gc gia d v ng thng

l ln nht (nh nht).

. Lp phng trnh ng thng cha

. Vit phng trnh

O, B(3;0;0), D(0;2;0), A(0;0;1). Vit phng trnh mt cu tm C tip xc vi AB.

. Tnh khong cch t im A n ng thng d. Vit

. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I thuc d, I cch (P) mt

. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) bn knh

(P) sao cho

. Tm to im M trn sao cho:

. Tm im M trn d th tch t din MABC bng 3.

. Tm trn d hai im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC u.

. Tm im I trn ng thng d sao cho IA + IB t gi tr nh nht.

. Tm to im M trn sao cho MAB c din tch nh nht.

. Mt ng thng () i qua im A(1; 2; 3), ct ng thng (d

. Chng minh ng thng d

. Tnh di cc cnh ca tam gic ca

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