Well Head & Completion equipment

Your Instructor

Leonard T. Roe

Wellheads
The wellhead chapter describes the surface equipment and methods used in the construction of the well during drilling phase.

Cellar Deck and conductor casing

On land, the hole for this shallow casing is often dug with an auger drill mounted on a truck, or driven using a diesel or steam hammer. Such casing can be driven to 250 feet. Conductor casing measuring between 16 to 24" outside diameter is used onshore, and between 24 to 48" for offshore. This is the first casing string and its size will be depend on the depth of the hole, the deeper the hole the larger the casing.
Rat-Hole used when racking back the kelly

Mouse-Hole used when making connections

Drive pipe pre-set ready

Cellar with pre-driven conductor, rathole and mouse-hole

Well head
After the drive or conductor casing has been cleaned out and the surface hole taken to its appropriate depth Surface casing (20 +/-) is set and cemented into place, it is then cut at the correct height and the well head is installed This is the base of the well and the casing will be cemented back to surface as both the wellhead and the casing will take the full weight of all the following equipment (BOPs) and casing that will be installed.
21 1/4 2000 psi weld on head

As this is the start of the well it is very important that the wellhead be installed level

Surface casing

If the well head has been welded on, testing the welds is Test Ports accomplisher by pressure testing with oil thought the side ports. Welds

Drive Pipe

If Internal testing is required it can be done using a test cup run on drill pipe down inside the casing just below the welds

Well Heads

using the diverter

Sometimes the wellhead may not be installed until the intermediate casing has be set, this is especially true when using a diverter offshore. Should this be the case it is just a matter of slipping the overshot packer over the cut off stump and applying the necessary pressure to seal around the casing.

Returns going back to the flowline

Applied pressure compresses the insert packing sealing the element around the casing

Warning: Drive Pipe Surface casing Never Apply pressure without the casing being in place

Well head
With the intermediate section of the hole drilled the casing is run and cemented back to surface. This casing size would be between 13 3/8 to 9 5/8.
Intermediate casing landed on the slips Bolts casing slips Packing

If a 21 1/4 head was used, before the casing can be cut the casing slips must be set around the casing and the casing landed in the well head. Once landed the bolts are tightened forcing the steel rings to compress the seals and seal off the lower annuals

Cement to surface Drive Pipe Surface Pipe

All needed tools and equipment must be on hand and ready as the cement will be setting and if the casing is not centred or to much time is spent it may be impossible to get the slips in

Well head
The cut off point is 4 3/4 inches from the top of the well head flange.
slight bevel
4 3/4

At this point the ring grove in the flange are exposed and must be protected.
After cutting the casing it must be cleaned of any burs and given a slight bevel in the inside to allow the bit smooth access into the wellbore.

Fill with light oil when clean and ready

slips segments

After cleaning the ring groove, install a new dry ring gasket of the specified size into the groove and lightly coat the casing stump with oil.
Fill the void between the casing slips and the top of the bottom flange with oil but do not over fill so as the oil runs into the ring grove.

Adding a spool
When the casing head and equipment first arrive the inner bore is coated with a hard protective coat this must be removed. Before assembling any flanged, clean the ring grooves and inspect them for damage.
Inner P-seal Outer O-Ring

With the casing head there should be the P-seal bushing (X-Bushing) this to will have a protective coating that must be removed and the seal elements checked. There will also be a snap ring. After cleaning and inspection the seal assemble can be gently pushed into position and held in place with the snap ring It may be some time before being used so some consideration must be given to protecting it

Ring Gasket testing port

Packing port

Snap ring holding the bushing in place Inner seals between casing and bushing (P-seals)

Adding a spool
After checking the spool is clean, the upper ring groves is free of any grease or dirt, check the gaskets are in place and not damaged. Place 4 lubricated bolts into bolt holes in the lower flange (use them as a guide) Gently lowered the top flange (Spool) into position making sure not to damage any of the seal in the seal assembly. Once the two flanges mate install the remaining bolts and tighten the bolts by hand until nuts on both sides touch the backs of their respective flanges. Insure that all the nut have a full thread.
Drive Pipe

Check the stand-off between flanges and that it is equal all around, This may require hand or hammer wrenches, but do not start to tighten until this is achieve.

Flange Make Up Sequence

1 5 9 3

Begin tightening the nuts 1/2 turn, choose one bolt first, then choosing the bolt 180 opposite second. then one at 90 followed by the bolt 180 from that.

11 7 4

8
10 6 2 12

Go back to the first nut tightened jump over one and continue making up the bolts using the same pattern as you did with the first four.

Testing the P-seals

After installing the casing spool the flange connection must be tested. Before the ring casket can be tested the seal on the X-bushing must be energised. The O-rings on the outer side of the bushing make the seal between the flange and bushing. The inner seal make the seal between the bushing and the casing. Therefore when lowering the spool over the stump of the casing it must be level so as not to damage the inner seal.
a) Energising the P-seals

By removing the plug packing is forced through the bushing forcing the P-seal to compress against the casing

BOP

The energising packing is a solid packing and is loaded into the energising gun. Each casing size has a set number of packing sticks

Well

It is important the that correct number of sticks are packed and that the pumping be carried out by hand and not using an air pump

Testing the ring gasket

Having energised the seals we can now test the well head using the side port
After removing the plug and using a hand operated pump filled with hydraulic oil, slowly fill the remaining void. Once full bring the pressure up in increments of 500 psi until that test pressure is reached.

BOP

Well

Observe the pressure for a minimum of 15 minutes

Style R Ring Gasket

The Standard Style R Ring Joint gaskets is manufactured in accordance with both API 6A and ASME B16.20 size and ratings. Available as oval or octagonal, both are interchangeable on the modern octagonal type grooved flanges

oval

Tolerances: (Inches) A (width of ring) H (height if ring) (average pitch diameter of ring) 23 (angle)

0.008B, 0.020P 0.007 1/2

octagonal,

The Ring Joint gaskets was initially developed for high pressure/ temperature applications found in the petroleum industry and is primarily used in the oil field on drilling and completion equipment

Style BX
All BX gaskets incorporate a pressure balance hole to ensure equalization of pressure which may be trapped in the grooves.
When correctly fitted, the style BX gasket allows virtual face to face contact of the flange faces which means that the gasket is fully trapped on both the inner and outer diameters. The BX Ring Joint gaskets, manufactured in accordance with API 6A, are designed for use on pressurised systems up to 20,000 psi.
Tolerances: (Inches) A* (Width of ring) 0.008,-0.000D (hole size) 0.02H* (height of ring) 0.008,-0.000OD (OD of ring) 0.000,-0.00623 (angle) 1/4

One pressure passage hole required per ring on centre line *A plus tolerance of 0.008 inches for width 'A' and height 'H' is permitted, provided the variation in width or height does not exceed 0.004 inches throughout its entire circumference

Style RX
The Style RX is a pressure energized adaptation of the standard Style R Ring Joint gaskets. The RX is designed to fit the same groove design as a standard Style R, making the joints interchangeable. The modified design uses a pressure energized effect which improves the efficiency of the seal as the internal pressure of the system increases. * A plus tolerance of 0.008 inches for width 'A' and height 'H' is permitted, provided in width of height does not exceed 0.004 inches throughout its entire circumference.
Tolerances: (Inches) A* (Width of ring) 0.008,-0.000 H* (height of ring) 0.008,-0.000 OD (OD of ring) 0.020,-0.000 23 (angle) 1/2

NOTE 1: The pressure passage hole illustrated in the RX ring cross section is in rings RX82 though RX91 only. Center line of hole must be located mid point of dimension 'C' (width of flat). hole diameter must be as follows: 0.06 inches for rings RX82 through RX85; 0.09 inches for rings RX86 and RX87; 0.12 inches for rings RX88 through RX91.

Finial Configuration
Tubing Spool

Casing Spool

Wellhead

30 drive pipe
20 surface pipe 13 3/8 intermediate casing

9 5/8 Production Casing

Side Outlets and Valves

Side outlet valve must be rated the same pressure as the spool being used The valve body ,bonnet are made of low alloy steel or stainless steel. Seal surfaces of gate and seat are made of tungsten carbide . Valves are normally 2 and feature metal to metal seat and gate sealing, metal to metal stem backseat, metal to metal body and bonnet assembly with full bore flow.

Non-rising Stem Gate Valve

Always check the side outlet for a one-way screw-in non return valve and remove it before testing the BOPs as the side outlets must be open to the atmosphere if using a test plug

Completion and down hole tools/equipment ?

With the well drilled and logged there could be a period of testing.

Testing the well will be carried out by the appropriate service company using an assortment of equipment and downhole tools.

Understanding the tools and their functions is as much a part of the drillers job as drilling the well and unless it is specialised work most service companies will provide the basic equipment,

The following slides will introduce you to some of the tool you can expect to work with.

Surface Equipment

Surface test tree. Flexible flowline (for floaters). Rigid flowline (for jack up's and land). Flowline manifold/dataheader.

Three phase separator. Surge tank. Transfer pump.

Crude oil burners.

Control cabin/laboratory. PSD/ESD system.

Chemical injection pumps.

Stand-alone safety valve. Choke manifold. Heat exchanger.

Interconnecting piping.
Instrumentation. Auxiliary equipment.

Tubing Swivel

The Tubing Swivel allows surface connections to remain in place while the work string is rotated and moved vertically. It is primarily used in conjunction with the "SST" to provide a means of operating the by-pass valve while the treating line is connected. It can also be used to facilitate the operation of other Majestic packers, cementing or for light drilling. Operation: When using this swivel, it is strongly recommended that the treating line be secured to the Tubing Swivel with a suitable safety chain or cable.

Test Tree or Well Intervention Trees

Standard configurations of surface test trees typically consist of swab, upper master, production, and kill line valves. kill

Lift sub

swab

Trees have been developed with an integral swivel, which is built into the main block, reducing height and weight. Others have the swivel below the main block

upper master

production swivel

Surface Test or Well Intervention Trees come in sizes from 3" flow-bore and 5,000 psi working pressure up to 7-3/8" and 15,000 psi working pressure, and temperatures from -50F to 400F.

The test choke

The test choke is design with two chokes The top choke is a manual adjustable, that can be regulated as the well is flowing. The choke manifold must have two flow paths, one with facilities to install and change fixed chokes and one with an adjustable choke. Each flow path must have minimum two closing valves with bleed off facilities between the valves and ports for pressure measurements both up and down stream of chokes. . All valves in the choke manifold must have the same pressure rating. Provision for installation of fixed chokes in both flow paths should be available This test choke has been designed with three flow paths
Flowline manifold data header. Adjustable choke. Fixed chokes

Steam heat exchangers

There are conditions when steam heat exchangers are used to heat the well production, it is installed between the choke and the separation system. The preheat coils heat the well out flowing fluid before it passes through a choke. The post-heat coils reheat it after it has passed through the choke The exchanger consists of a pressurized tank (usually 150 or 350 psi) that contains a set of process coils. Steam is piped into the vessel from an external steam generator to heat the well production passing through the process coils.

The steam heat exchanger is considered to be the preferred unit for offshore use. It is considered to be safer than indirect-fired heaters because the flame source in the steam generator is not located in the well test area.

Graphic and input courtesy of the Halliburton company

Concern for the environment has lead to many of the major oil and service companies to rethink many of the testing procedures and equipment used

Flare lines

To sump

Storage Tank To-days in-line well test equipment has revolutionized well testing by allowing operators to conduct more rigorous well tests and still eliminate concerns over lost well revenue, flaring limits and the environmental impact of flared gases. Heater

Separator

From Well

To Choke

Squeeze Test Tool

Very seldom will a workover or completion operation go by without some form of multi squeezing tool being on location. This versatile tool is designed primarily for formation testing, acidizing, fracturing, squeeze cementing work, and other applications requiring a tool which can operate efficiently where high differential pressure exist.

T o Set: Run to desired depth; raise to desired slack-off; rotate tubing quarter turn at the tool to the right (or left depending on jay configuration); lower tubing to the desired compression. Release: Raise tubing opening by-pass. Pause while equalizing. Come out of hole. If running manual jay, you must turn tubing in opposite direction of setting if you need to go back down hole.

Selective Injection Tool

The selective injection tools is a retrievable, compression set, packer used to selectively isolate short sections of perforations for testing, acidizing or breakdown.
This tool may also be located above a perforated interval and set to perform most treatments that can be accomplished through the standard Test Squeeze Tool. Setting: Run the tool to the desired depth. Raise the running string +/- 4" and rotate to the right (or left) three quarters of a turn at the tool. Lower the string to provide the desired compression for pack off. Releasing: Raise the string to open the by-pass. Pause while equalizing pressures. Bring the tool up the hole. In order to go back down hole you must turn to the left while raising the tool.

Features:
Selective breakdown of short perforated sections provides assurance that all perforations are open for maximum productivity.

Eliminates the use of frac balls or expensive blocking agents.

Reduces treating costs.

Nothing remains in the well to cause problems when recovering a retrievable bridge plug or any other tool.
Large internal bore is adequate for thru tubing perforating and wireline work. Large by-pass allows fluid to pass around or thru during running or circulation to minimize chances swabbing or damaging the hold-down buttons or by-pass seals.

Completion
Majority of the prolific oil and gas reservoirs around the world are multizone reservoirs.. Over the coming years the oil industry will be passing through a transition period from easy oil production to difficult oil production. Accelerated production and enhanced recovery from fields with lesser number of wells should be the target for survival. Multizone reservoirs are a potential source in this direction and a review of existing technology and equipment is required to find out technological gap, if any, to achieve the goal.

Completion Techniques
The type of completion used is determined primarily from the characteristics of the formation, future work over and anticipated well requirements.

Different types of well completion techniques are available in the market.

Single string sequential completions Single string commingle completions. Smart well completions. Multilateral completions. Multiple conventional completions

Single string completions

Using this method the well is completed for single zone with single tubing string. When the well ceases to flow (primary/secondary or tertiary) then workover rig is deployed for zone transfer and production is taken from each zone one after another. It take a long time to exploit other zone. Pay back period is very long and sometime becomes uneconomical to exploit and hence abandoned. As all the objects cannot be completed, and to save rig time many multizone reservoirs are not tested using the drilling rig to.
Isolated

Producing From Here

Coning
Coning Simultaneous production from more than one interval is not possible and any attempt to increase production from same zone may lead to high draw down which causes sand cut or water cut or increase GOR. (Coning)
Gas

Sometimes the problems worsens to the level that, premature abandonment of the well or deployment of workover rig for cement squeeze job for water shut off or other purposes has to be done.

F o r m a t i o n F l u i d Water

Tbg Casing Annuals

Whenever pressure is depleted in a reservoir or production decreases from the completed zone, there is a tendency to abandon the zone and complete the well with more prospective zone through zone transfer by deploying workover rig.

Single string commingle completions.

In this type of completion, all the reservoirs in a well are perforated or allowed to flow at a time and production is taken from all the reservoir simultaneously through single string.
This is the simple and cheap well completion method but is normally only used as an open hole completion as not all well are suitable due to reservoirs with varied porosities, permeability, water saturations, pressure regime and fluid contents. Where possible this type of well completion should be avoided. As monitoring the reservoirs is extremely difficult.

Producing From Here

Producing From Here

Smart well completions.

This type of well completion is gaining popularity slowly. Real time surveillance, interpretation and actuations through down hole measurement have given a very good advantage of efficient reservoir management. Hydraulic, electric or Electro-hydraulic actuation of interval control value make it suitable for multizone completion. Very efficient completion as far as reservoir performance monitoring is concerned, but its costly and complex. However s far as multizone well completion is concerned it is almost same as sequential completion from same well. Generally applicable where down hole intervention is costly and difficult like Offshore wells.

Isolated

Producing From Here

Multilateral completions.

Majority of the prolific oil and gas reservoirs around the world are multizone reservoirs.. Over the coming years the oil industry will be passing through a transition period from easy oil production to difficult oil production. Accelerated production and enhanced recovery from fields with lesser number of wells should be the target for survival. Multizone reservoirs are a potential source in this direction and a review of existing technology and equipment is required to find out technological gap, if any, to achieve the goal.

Multiple conventional completions

Majority of the prolific oil and gas reservoirs around the world are multizone reservoirs.. Over the coming years the oil industry will be passing through a transition period from easy oil production to difficult oil production. Accelerated production and enhanced recovery from fields with lesser number of wells should be the target for survival. Multizone reservoirs are a potential source in this direction and a review of existing technology and equipment is required to find out technological gap, if any, to achieve the goal.

Production Tree
The production or Christmas tree as it is often called is an assortment of valves, flanges, chokes and block designed to safely direct the flowing formation fluids to the storage the storage facility's

Production Tree

There are many type of completion that varies according to the type of operation that is expected from the well. Not all wells are drill to produce from the formations however all will have some form of production tree installed on the casing.

Tubing Head/Spool

The wellhead equipment, tubing spools and associated equipment and production tree would normally be furnished by the same manufacture thus maintaining compatibility

Polish Nipple tubing hanger lock down dogs

However it is advisable to go to the location before starting a workover operation and check that the wellhead equipment installed is not obsolete as many of the older wellhead are not compatible with to-days equipment

Wire line entry cap

Kill Line

Swab Valve

Production Line

Upper Master Valve

Master Valve

Duel Completion.

A more complicated completion will be that of a multy production completion. Here we see a tree that has been designed to produce from more than one Production or protective casing formation

Intermediate casing Surface casing

Bonnet Assembly Duel completion

The major difference between a single and duel completion spool is the tubing hanger.
His has to be split as both completion strings will be run independently and will be hung off while test are made on each The guide allows the tubing to be landed correctly the tree the bonnet polish nipples tubing hanger locking dogs

guide

tubing head spool

Tubing hangers
The completion (tubing) is not cemented in but hung off in the last casing head (Tubing Spool). This is done be means of a tubing hanger, that also act to seal the annuals between the production casing and the tubing. There are as many type of tubing hangers as there are different types of completion. However most have two things in common a) they are screwed onto the last join of tubing, b) they have a polish nipple of some description that insert up into the production tree bonnet. They designed as one piece for single completion or split for dual completions.

The hanger often serves as the adapter to the control line that is run into the well to operate the Sub Surface Safety Valve (SSSV) that most companies install between 200 and 300 m below the well head to shut down the flow should there be a problem on surface such as a blowout on a near by well

Tubing Head/Spool
The well will be completed with the BOPs still in place. When the completion if finished the BOP will be remover and the production tree will be installed here

With the tubing run a tubing hanger will be installed and then completion string is lowered into the tubing head and landed, the locking dogs will then be screwed in. Once done the annular between the tubing and production casing can be tested.
Once tested the landing joints will be backed out and back pressure valves will be installed in the top of the tubing hanger. The BOP will then be removed Production Casing

Seals

At this point the well may or may not have been perforated

Completion String

1/4 Monel for SSSV

Single string completion

Production Tubing spaced out Hydraulic Sub Surface Safety Valve (SSSV) The basic single completion can produce from more than one production zone providing the formation pressure are the same. However the completion can be as many as three or four string of tubing in the same well producing from different zones with different pressures and in some cases different fluid

Completion tubing complete with gas lift mandrels for enhanced recover at a later stage

Production Packer Seal assembly and ported valve Ported Valve and hanging Nipples Re-entry sub

Manual Valves
The valve body ,bonnet are made of low alloy steel or stainless steel. Seal surfaces of gate and seat are made of tungsten carbide . The casting body gate valve available in working pressure from 2000 to 5,000psi and forging body gate valve available in working pressure from 10000 to 15000psi,

Feature and Benefits: metal to metal seat /gate seal, metal to metal stem backseat, metal to metal body/bonnet assembly

Non-rising Stem Gate Valve

The balanced stem valve is for high pressure service . The use of second stem balances out the body pressure acting against a single stem. this eliminates the thrust load carried by the bearing. Pressure rating for both types of valve are from 2000 psi to 20000 psi. Main nominal size from 1-13/16" to 4-1/16". Manual valve are use as the inside isolation valve on high pressure lines such as choke and kill lines on the BOP or production tree The Balanced stem also known as the rising stem

Hydraulic Gate Valve & Expanding Gate Valve

Hydraulic Gate valve can be operated remotely Series hydraulic gate valve is available in working pressure from 5,000 to 20,000psi and main nominal size from 1-13/16" to 4-1/16". Providing you keep with the same companies the feature of hydraulic gate valve is as same as gate valve . Hydraulic Gate Valve Surface safety valve that is often used in Christmas tree as a master, wing valve ,shutdown valves, and pipeline control valves. Hydraulic safe valve is a terminal performance mechanism in well safety system . The valve is held open under pressure and closes automatically when danger signal is sent to safe system.
Hydraulic Safe Valve

Chokes
Positive Chokes Positive or fixed choke valves are available in working pressure from 2,000 to 20,000psi and flange size from 1-13/16" to 4-1/16" and maximum orifice size from 1" to 3"
Bean of choke and seat are made of tungsten carbide or ceramics, so it has feature of abrasion resistance ,wash resistance and reliable serviceability.

Positive Chokes

Adjustable Choke valves is available in working pressure from 2,000 to 20,000psi and flange size from 1-13/16" to 4-1/16" and orifice size from 1" to 3 Choke valve with conical needle are used for Christmas Tree. Conical choke needle and seat are made of tungsten carbide, so it has feature of abrasion resistance ,wash resistance and reliable serviceability Adjustable Choke Both types are used on well control and test manifolds for controlling the fluid flow rate.

Completions

A completion of this type may very well be designed as part of a drill stem testing (DST) procedure. Each formation may be tested thought perforations made in the casing and dependent on the outcome, packers or screens may be set and made ready for the completion string to be run at a later date, should the formation be non productive the perforations will be squeezed off with cement.

Safety valve
As a rule of thumb the well will only be drilled once, however during its production life it could have as many as 5 workover operation to keep it producing.
Not all operations will involve the use of a rig, It may only need a wire line unit or coil tubing unit to put things back in order. But should a rig be needed the of this work will be done using a small rig a double or single pulling rig. This course is far to short to go into all the aspect of completion and the equipment used

The long string will produce from the lower production zones and the short string from to upper zones

Sum up
Unlike the rig The tree will stay on the well for as long as the well flows. The production tree may look complicated however it is just a collection of valves that are designed to direct and control the flow. In this case there are two strings of tubing in the hole producing from three zones. The reason for this is the zone at the bottom has a much higher pressure and should it flow up the same line as the other two producing formation it would stop them flowing.

It is very easy to make the mistake that the higher the pressure the more production. This is totally wrong. Over the years I have drilled wells that have produce 100,000 bbls a day from one formation with a surface flowing pressure of no more than 700 psi.
Other wells have had surface pressure that once opened up to flow would flow at 5000 bbls a day, From the previous page you can see that if all the formation were producing up one string the production from the lower formation would be going into the upper formation and you would only get 5000 bbls a day.

Design a completion
When you design your completion, we can offer ideas which combine our Flow Control Products with Packer Equipment. Every well differs in some degree and must be evaluated on an individual basis. Satisfactory performance depends upon a good mechanical design, use of proper materials, precision manufacturing and correct application of equipment in the completion to meet your specific needs. A balanced design ensures long term cost savings and increased profits. Whether your primary consideration is in selecting Flow Control Equipment is cost, safety, corrosion or erosion resistance, Proficient Oil Tools Ltd. has the equipment for you. The illustration shown represents typical considerations for selecting Proficient Oil Tools Flow Control Equipment descriptions, specifications and ordering information is provided in the proceeding sections.

Chemical Injection Valve Nipple

Chemical Injection Valve Nipple is run in the tubing string, to facilitate Direct chemical injection into the tubing via an Injection Line from surface. The injection valve is equipped with Check Valves to protect the injection line from any back flow of well fluids. The injection valve is manufactured with a 'QF' Nipple Profile and a Honed Seal Bore to accommodate a Flow Control Device to isolate the Injection Port.

Polished Nipple
Polished Nipple is run below a blast joint in conjunction with a model 'QF' nipple above the blast joint.

These Matching Seal Bores can accept a Pack-off Assembly which would be run to isolate tubing-casing communication caused by erosion of the blast joint.
Well production can be maintained through the ID of the assembly until a workover is performed to correct the problem. The Proficient Model 'QA' Polished Nipple is manufactured for Standard, H2S and H2S-CO2 service. Ordering information: Please specify nipple model, seal bore size, type and size of thread, length, tubing size, weight and grade, working pressure and temperature, percentage of H2S and CO2.

Flow Couplings
Flow Couplings are heavy walled tubing pups that are installed above and below nipples and sliding sleeves, where it is anticipated to have internal erosion, caused by the abrasive action of turbulent flow through these restricted areas.

The Flow Couplings are manufactured in 36 or 48 inch lengths. and are trimmed for Standard, H2S and H2S-CO2 service.

Blast Joints

Blast Joints are heavy walled tubing, run in the tubing string and positioned across from a perforated interval to resist external erosion caused by production from that zone, thus prolonging the life of the completion. they are normally available in 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 20 ft. lengths and are manufactured for Standard, H2S and H2S-CO2 service.

On-Off Connector

On-Off Connector is run above any packer which does not require tension or compression to remain set.

The connector provides a means of Disconnecting the tubing from the packer using a Left Hand J-slot Release.

A Plugging Device may be run into the Nipple Profile incorporated into the Slick Joint to provide complete well control during any workover operations.

Landing Nipples
The Landing Nipple is a Top No-Go or Selective Seating Nipple that provides for the location of various wireline flow control devices in the production string. Any number of nipples with the Same Size Seal Bore can be run in the tubing string and can accept flow control devices equipped with Selective Locks. Depending on the Seal Bore Size Selection and its Position in the completion, nipple can accept Selective or Top No-Go locking devices attached to flow control equipment. The Seal Bore provides a sealing surface for Vee Ring Packing found on flow control equipment.

Landing Applications:
Land blanking plugs to shut in well or to test the production tubing. Land velocity type safety valves . Land equalizing check valves. Land circulating blanking plugs. Land chokes to reduce surface flowing pressure or to have pressure drops downhole to prevent surface freezing in gas production. When installed above blast joints with a polished nipple below the blast joints, separation sleeves may be installed to repair eroded blast joints. Land instrument hangers with geophysical devices such as pressure and temperature recorders

Locking recess S e a l B o r e

No-Go nipples
Bottom No-Go style nipples provides a tubing lock profile with a premium seal bore to locate wireline Flow Control Devices in the tubing string. Blanking Plugs, Chokes, Equalizing Check Valves and Instrument Hangers may be landed in this type of nipple profile. The No-Go Shoulder incorporated into the nipple allows Positive Locating of all flow control equipment used during wireline operations. The seal bore provides a sealing surface for Vee Ring Packing found on the flow control accessories. This nipple is usually manufactured for Standard, H2S, and H2S-CO2 service. Teflon coated nipples are available for use in corrosive environments.

Ported Spacer Tube

Ported Spacer Tube is in the tubing string to provide a flow path from the annulus into the tubing string. Such Spacer Tube can also be run in completion assembly to provide an alternate unrestricted flow path for well production above nipples utilized solely for hanging Pressure-Temperature Instruments.

Spacer Tube

Spacer Tube is run between the Wireline Entry Guide and the Bottom Nipple Profile in the lower part of the tubing string. This pipe will provide protection to PressureTemperature Instruments landed in this lower nipple profile due to turbulent flow from the perforations.

Wireline Entry Guide

Wireline Entry Guide is run on the bottom of the tubing to aid Wireline Tool re-entry into the tubing string. The Wireline Entry Guide can be Manufactured out of material suitable for standard or sour service. Wireline Entry Guides are available in all tubing sizes and thread configurations.

Many hydrocarbon bearing layers are encountered frequently in a well, during the drilling process. Different well completion techniques are adopted to take production from these layers. Sometimes production is taken from these layers sequentially, one after another. Sometimes simultaneous comingled production is taken from all the layers by perforating all the layers together. Sometimes simultaneous and segregated production from two layers are being taken by completing the well dually. Triple or quadruple completions also tried somewhere to achive simultaneous and segregated production, but without much popularity and there is no technology available to handle more than four layers at a time. In true sense, no multilayer well completion technology is available at present for simultaneous and segregated production. Different Methodologies are used today for multi layer well completion. To get full advantage of an efficient multilayer well completion technology, we should be clear about what should be an ideal multilayer well completion technology. We can define an efficient multilayer well completion technology as one which can provide simultaneous and seggregated production from all the layers available in a well. Present technology is not sufficient to achieve such ideal condition. An overview of present multilayer well completion are discussed here.

End of slides