state of world population
2012
FAMILY PLANNING,HUMAN RIGHTS ANDDEVELOPMENT
BY CHOICE,NOT BYCHANCE
14 November 2012
All countries should take steps to meet the family-planning needs of their populationsas soon as possible and should, in all cases by the year 2015, seek to provide universalaccess to a full range of safe and reliable family-planning methods and to relatedreproductive health services which are not against the law. The aim should be to assistcouples and individuals to achieve their reproductive goals and give them the fullopportunity to exercise the right to have children by choice.
—Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, paragraph 7.16
The State of World Population 2012
This report was produced by the Information and ExternalRelations Division of UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund
EDT TEm
Editor: Richard KollodgeEditorial associate: Robert PuchalikEditorial and administrative associate: Mirey ChaljubDistribution manager: Jayesh Gulrajani
ckNWEDEmENTS
The editorial team is grateful to the report's advisory groupat UNFPA for guiding the conceptualization, direction anddevelopment of the report and for providing invaluable feedbackon drafts. The group included: Alfonso Barragues, Beatriz dela Mora, Abubakar Dungus, Werner Haug, Michael Herrmann,Mona Kaidbey, Laura Laski, Edilberto Loaiza, Kechi Ogbuagu,Niyi Ojuolape, Nuriye Ortayli and Jagdish Upadhyay.Drafts were also reviewed by Anne-Birgitte Albrectsen, KlausBeck, Ysabel Blanco, Delia Barcelona, Saturnin Epie, FrançoisFarah, Kate Gilmore, Elena Pirondini and Ziad Rifai.Hafedh Chekir, Thea Fierens, Nobuko Horibe, Bunmi Makinwa,Marcela Suazo also contributed to the substantive developmentof the report. Additional advisory support was provided byMohamed Afifi, Monique Clesca, Jorge Cordoba, AdebayoFayoyin, Sonia Heckadon, Gabriela Iancu, Yanmin Lin, SuzanneMandong, William Ryan and Sherin Saadallah.The editorial team is also grateful to Marisabel Agosto for hersustained involvement with the report through development,writing and editing. Many thanks also to Karin Ringheim andDavid Levinger for their contributions to the report.
UT TE UTSmargaret reene
Margaret Greene (lead writer-researcher) has worked for nearly20 years on the social and cultural determinants of health,adolescent reproductive health, development policy and gender.She is widely known for her research and advocacy on theconditions faced by girls and women in poor countries and onengaging men and boys for gender equality. She currently directsGreeneWorks, a consulting group working to promote socialchange for health and development. She is Chair of the Board ofPromundo-USA and of the Willows Foundation, which providesreproductive health services in Turkey. Dr. Greene received herdoctorate and master of philosophy degrees in demographyfrom the University of Pennsylvania, and a bachelor of arts inlinguistics from Yale University.
Shareen Joshi
Shareen Joshi (researcher-writer for Chapter 4) is a visitingprofessor of international development at GeorgetownUniversity’s School of Foreign Service in Washington, DC andteaches courses in economics and political development; poverty,gender and politics; and integrated approaches to sustainabledevelopment. At Yale University, she received her doctorate ineconomics, a master of philosophy in economics, and a master ofarts in economics. She holds a bachelor’s degree in mathematicsfrom Reed College in Portland, Oregon.
ar obles
Omar Robles works as a consultant on health, genderand development. He has led training in gender-sensitiveprogramming for UNFPA in Indonesia and is currently a genderadvisor on CARE International’s emergency deployment roster.Prior to consulting, Omar was a gender and health policy advisoron the global USAID Health Policy Initiative, implemented byFutures Group. He holds a master of science degree in publichealth, health policy and management from the University ofNorth Carolina’s Gillings School of Global Public Health and abachelor’s degree in journalism and mass communication, alsofrom the University of North Carolina.
Cover photo: Mother and child, Pakistan.
©Panos/Peter Barker
state of world population
2012
The right to family planning
1
page 1
Analysing data and trends tounderstand the needs
2
Foreword
page iipage 17
Challenges in extending access to everyone
3
The social and economic impactof family planning
4
page 39page 71
The costs and savings of upholdingthe right to family planning
5
page 87
Making the right to family planning universal
6
page 97
Bibliography
page 117
Indicators
page 106
Overview
page iv
BY CHOICE,NOT BY CHANCE
FAMILY PLANNING, HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT
Teenage girl attends informational meeting about family planning in Dominica.
©Panos/Philip Wolmuth
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By Choice, Not By Chance: Family Planning, Human Rights and Development
This flagship report analyzes data and trends to understand who is denied access and why. It examines challenges in expanding access to family…
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