1. t vn Cc ng lt kim loi ang c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip ch to my.

. Khi vn hnh, yu cu t ra i vi ng lt l phi c cht lng cao, c th nh: bn cao, kh nng chng mi mn tt, thi gian s dng lu, Mt trong nhng phng php tt nht nng cao cht lng ca ng lt l s dng vt liu composite dng lp c ch to t bt kim loi [1].

2 = f (P2): hm mt nn cht ca p lc i vi lp bn trong v lp bn ngoi. TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(28).200813Hnh 3. S thut ton chung ca vic la chn v tnh ton cc phng ncng ngh p n hi ng lt lng kim loi.3. Gii thiu cc phng n v la chn phng n cng ngh Cc phng n sn xut ng lt lng kim loi t cc bt vt liu c th l:- Phng n I: p ng thi v thiu kt ng thi 2 vt liu cng mt lc.Bt u1 min 2 maxThiu kt ng thi Thiu kt ring bit1 = 2 A 1 = f (P1), 1, 2: nhit thiu kt ca lp bn trong v lp bn ngoi; [] : bn lin kt cho php ca cc lp; A : bn lin kt; : bn ca sn phm; R: rng ca sn phm; t: dy lp bn trong ca sn phm; H: chiu cao ca sn phm; d: ng knh trong ca sn phm; D: ng knh ngoi ca sn phm; Lp composite kim loi l h thng c to ra t 2 hoc nhiu hn 2 thnh phn vt liu xen k khc nhau, nhng vn m bo gi c tnh cht ring ca mi thnh phn tham gia vo sn phm. Lp composite kim loi c c trng chng nt cao, cch m v chng rung tt, b mt lp ph c kh nng chng n mn cao (v d nh lp thp chng r, lp titan). Ngy nay, lp kim loi c sn xut v phn loi thnh cc dng sau: chng n mn, chng ma st, vt liu k thut in, lng kim nhit v TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(28).200811sn phm vt liu composite phc v i sng thng ngy. Lp kim loi c cc dng: tm, di, thanh, ng, thi. nhn c sn phm lp t vt liu composite, ngi ta ng dng cc phng php ch to khc nhau nh: c, cn, p, hn, [2]. Phn ln cc phng php c s dng trc y l ch to cc sn phm lp c dng tm, ng tr hay c hnh dng n gin. ch to cc sn phm ng tr lp, v d nh ng lt, ngi ta thng s dng phng php p thy tnh. Nhng thit b thy lc li l cc thit b cu trc phc tp v t tin. gim chi ph v ng dng cng ngh n gin hn, chng ta c th s dng mt phng php khc, v c bn, theo phng php ny l ng dng mi trng n hi ng. Khi p trong mi trng n hi, c th nhn c cc ng lt mng. Ngoi ra, tn tht p lc khi p n hi theo chiu cao ca ng lt thp hn khi p trong khun cng [3].2. Gii thiu v cng ngh p lp vt liu composite trong mi trng n hiTrong khun kh ca bi bo ny, chng ti cp n vic nghin cu p lp composite trong ng lt lng kim loi (bimetal) t cc bt vi vic ng dng mi trng n hi (polyuretan-hnh.1).Hnh 1. S ng lt lng kim loi. 1- lp trong; 2- lp ngoiBn cht ca qu trnh p n hi l

bin lc dc trc trong qu trnh p n hi thnh p lc theo mi hng bao quanh vt liu. p lc hng tm c sinh ra trong qu trnh p n hi ng lt. Tp v gin l hai s c bn ca p n hi ng lt. Chng ta xem xt phng php gin, phng php ny c m t trn s hnh 2. Thit b p i vi p n hi ng lt gm c: chy trn 1, np trn 2, ng n hi thay th 3, ng trc n hi 4, trc tm 6, khun 8, np di 9.Qu trnh p n hi c tin hnh theo 2 giai on: p lp th nht (a) v p lp th 2 (b). Khi p lp th nht, chng ta s dng ng n hi thay th 3, p n hi c tin hnh theo cc bc sau: rc bt vt liu ca lp th nht 5 vo khun 8, vic nn cht hng tm bt vt liu c tin hnh khi nn trc ng n hi 4 bng chy trn 1. Np trn 2 v np di 9 s ngn cn khng cho bt b y ra ngoi theo hng TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(28).200812trc. Trc tm 6 s m bo nh tm ng n hi 4 trong qu trnh gin.Khi p lp th hai (7) th ng lt n hi 3 s c tho ra. Bt vt liu ca lp th hai (7), s c rc vo khe h, sau khi tho ng lt n hi 3 ra. Qu trnh p lp th 2 c tin hnh nh trong giai on 1.Hnh 2. S nguyn l p n hi ng lt nhiu lp vt liu t hp.) p lp th nht. ) p lp th hai.Vic la chn cc s , phng php cng ngh p l mt trong nhng vn quan trng nht, nhng vn ny ph thuc vo kch c hnh hc ca sn phm p, c trng vt l- c hc ca cc bt vt liu trong qu trnh lin kt lp l yu cu ca qu trnh khai thc i vi cc sn phm. Qu trnh la chn phng php p c m t c th trong thut ton chung (hnh 3). y: > []Phng n I Phng n II Phng n III Phng n IVTnh ton chi ph v cc thng s cng nghKt thcCc thng s ban u:- Kch thc sn phm: (D, d, H, t), R, , [].- Tnh cht ca cc bt: 1, 2, 1 = f (P1), 1 = f (P1).- Tnh cht polyuretan: mun trt, mun th tch nn, mun n hi, h s Puason.c khngc khng c khngkhngcTP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(28).200814- Phng n II: p ln ln lt cc lp, sau thiu kt ng thi c 2 lp.- Phng n III: p v thiu kt lp bt vt liu c nhit thiu kt cao hn, sau p vt liu th hai v thiu kt ng thi vi lp vt liu th nht, nhng theo nhit thiu kt ca lp vt liu th hai.- Phng n IV: p cc lp rin) ln.TI LIU THAM KHO[1] I. . Fedorchenko, I.N. Francevich, I.D. Radomyselskii, v nhng ngi khc. Luyn kim bt. Vt liu, cng ngh, tnh cht, lnh vc ng dng: S tay hng dn..- iv: Nauk.. Dumka, nm 1985.- 624 trang.[2] .G. belev, I.N. Potanpov, .V. Kuznecov. Cng ngh lp kim loi. .: Luyn kim, nm 1991 , 248 trang.[3] .N. Bogoyavlenskii, .V. Gociridze, P.. uznecov, .. rtens, .G. Ryabinin. Gia cng bng p lc bt kim loi. L.: LPI, nm 1988, 116 trang.[4] P.A. Kuznecov, Nguyen Toan Thang. p n hi ng lt dng lp t vt liu compozit // Tun l khoa hc ln th 36 ca Vin i hc Bch khoa Quc gia Saint-Peterburg. Tuyn tp ca hi ngh khoa hc ginh cho sinh vin v nghin cu sinh gia cc trng K thut trn ton Lin g bit, thiu kt ring bit v lin kt cc lp bng bin dng do.Trong cc phng n va nu th Phng n II (p ln ln lt cc lp, sau thiu kt ng thi c 2 lp) l phng n c gii php cng ngh tt nht, bi v phng n ny cho php p cc lp khc nhau vi cc p lc khc nhau, cn vic thiu kt ng thi m bo cc lp bm dnh vi nhau tt nht [4].Theo phng n hai (p ln ln lt cc lp, sau thiu kt ng thi c 2 lp) qu trnh p bao gm cc cng on sau (hnh 4): a - rc lp bt vt liu th nht (t v ng n hi 2 vo khun 3, rc vt liu bt th nht theo khi lng tnh ton); b - p lp vt liu th nht (trong cng on ny, chng ta bt khun 3 bng np 5, sau p bng chy trn 4, polyuretan 6 bin dng v p lp vt liu th nht); c - rc lp bt vt liu th hai (trong cng on ny chng ta m np 5, ko v ng n hi 2 ra, rc bt vt liu th hai 11 theo khi lng tnh ton); d - p lp vt liu th hai (ng khun bng np 5, p bng chy trn 4, polyuretan li bin dng v p lp vt liu th hai); e -y sn phm ra (trong cng on ny chng ta m np 5, y sn phm 14 bng chy di 8); f - thiu kt sn phm (trong cng on ny chng ta la chn nhit ln nht thiu kt i vi sn phm d nng chy nht). Nhit ny cn phi m bo t c thiu kt tt nht i vi lp vt liu cn li, ng thi to kt dnh tt nht gia hai lp vt liu.Trong khun kh ca bi ny chng ti xut v d tnh ton i vi phng n hai (p ln ln lt cc lp, sau thiu kt ng thi c 2 lp). Theo s liu ban u chng ta c khun trc vi cc kch c nh: Chiu cao - 110mm; ng knh trong -70mm; ng knh ngoi 110mm. Chng ta mun nhn ng lt vi chiu cao l 50 mm, ng knh ngoi l 70 mm. Nhim v t ra l: Chng ta cn tm v la chn dy ng lt v dy ca mi lp, kch thc ca polyuretan. Theo kt qu tnh ton, chng ta s nhn ng lt trc khi thiu kt vi cc kch thc nh sau: chiu cao -50mm; ng knh bn ngoi - 70mm; ng knh trong - 58mm; dy thnh ng lt-6mm; dy lp bn trong (bronz) 3mm; dy lp bn ngoi (st) - 3mm; ngoi ra chng ta cng bit c khi lng ca mi loi vt liu ( khi lng ca bronz 179,4g; khi lng ca st - 210,8g). i vi polyuretan ta c cc kch thc nh sau: khi p lp vt liu bng bronz, chng ta c kch thc ca polyuretan: chiu cao -112mm, ng knh ngoi - 39,5mm, ng knh trong - 10mm; khi p lp vt liu bng st chng ta c kch thc ca polyuretan l: chiu cao - 89,1mm, ng knh ngoi - 48,4mm, ng knh trong - 10mm ( tit kim polyuretan, chng ta ch

c th s dng 1 ng polyuretan 6 v v ng n hi 2). Cc cng on c bn p n hi ng lt composite c tin hnh nh sau:TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(28).200815Hnh 4. S cc cng on c bn p n hi ng lt t vt liu t hp.- rc lp vt liu th nht; b- p lp vt liu th nht; c- rc lp vt liu th hai; d-p lp vt liu th hai; e- y sn phm ra; f- thiu kt sn phm. 1- lp vt liu th nht; 2- v ng n hi; 3- khun; 4-chy trn; 5- np y; 6- ng n hi polyuretan; 7- trc tm; 8- chy di; 9- gi ta; 10- ; 11- lp vt liu th hai; 12- ng dn rc vt liu th nht; 13- ng dn rc vt liu th hai; 14 sn phm; 15 l thiu kt.b/c/d/e/f/TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(28).200816Vic ng dng lp vt liu composite kim loi cho php nng cao hiu qu sn sut cc loi chi tit v thit b i vi cc doanh nghip, cng ty, nh my v ch to my, v ho hc, v ho du, v nng-lm nghip, v vn ti v v nng lng. Sn phm bng lp kim loi composite cn p ng c nhu cu cao trong cc lnh vc ch to kh c in, in t, dng c cng nghip v sn sut cc hng ho thng dng trong i sng x hi.4. Kt lunKt qu nghin cu, phn tch v thc nghim phng php ch to ng lt dng lp t vt liu composite, chng ti thy rng:1. Vic p bng mi trng n hi ng em li hiu qu cao hn i vi cc sn phm dng ng t vt liu composite; vic s dng polyuretan (mi trng n hi) l gii php cng ngh vt tri trong qu trnh p n hi ng.2. Vic p ng lt dng lp t bt kim loi bng mi trng n hi (polyuretan) cho php ng dng cc phng n ch to khc nhau i vi cc ng lt dng lp. Vic ng dng ny ph thuc vo nhit thiu kt ca cc lp cng nh c trng nn cht ca vt liu. Trong thc t, phng n p ln lt cc lp, sau thiu kt ng thi c 2 lp em li hiu qu cao i vi yu cu thc tin hin nay.3. Phng php p n hi ng lt dng lp bng vt liu composite t bt kim loi c th ng dng ch to cc sn phm lp lng kim loi nh: trt, phu lc v cc sn phm ng trc c t l chiu cao trn chiu dy (H/