HEMATOLOGI

BY: JOHN ARBIE T. TATTAO,

RN
Review of Anatomy and
Physiology
• Vital Functions of
Blood
2.Transports
oxygen to the cell
and carries CO2
from the cells to
Vital Functions of
●

Blood
2. Protects the
body from
dangerous
microorganisms
3. Promotes
Vital Functions of
●

Blood
4. Carries
absorbed food
products from
the GIT to the
tissues
Vital Functions of
●

Blood
6. Removes
metabolic waste
from tissues and
carries them to
the kidney, skin
Vital Functions of
●

Blood
7. Transports
various
hormones from
the endocrine
glands to other
 Major Characteristics
• Color of Blood
: bright red
: dark red
• Viscosity : 3-4 times viscous
than H2O
• pH : 7.35 to 7.45
• Volume : 70-75ml/kg
body wt.
• Composition : plasma &
 Component of
Hematologic
A.Blood and its
System
Component
B.Bone Marrow
C.Mononuclear
Phagocyte System
FXN: Phagocytizing
HEMATOPOIESIS
ØProcess of blood cell
production
ØOccurs in bone marrow in
adults
ØOccurs in spleen, liver in
fetus
ØExtramedullary
Hematopoiesis – blood cell
Composition of Blood
Formed Elements
Chief
(45%)FXN:
2.Delivery of
• Blood substances needed
for cellular
Plasma (55%)
metabolism
plasma 7%, in the
tissues
water 91%, other
3.Defense
solutes 2% against
invading
Chief FXN:microorg.
and injury
Maintain BV
●Composition of
TYPES:
Blood:Plasma
2.Albumin – essential for
regulating the passage of
H2O and solutes through the
capillaries
3.Globulins (Ig) – for defense
against infectious
microorganisms
 Composition of Blood:
Cellular Component
A.ERYTHROCYTES –
anucleated, biconcave
cytoplasmic disk that
is soft and pliable
Properties:
1. Biconcavity
• N amount of circ. RBC: 4.2 –
6.2 M/mm3
• N life span: 80 – 120 days
• ERYTHROPOIESIS – process
of RBC prod.
ØStimulated by
ERYTHROPOIETIN – hormone
produced by kidneys for
erythropoiesis
 Production and
Destruction of RBC
 Composition of Blood:
Cellular Component
B. LEUKOCYTES –
defend the body
against organisms
that cause infection
and also remove
debris, including dead
• N amount of Circ.
WBC: 5,000 –
10,000/mm3
• N life span of WBC: 4
Classification of Leukocytes
accdg to Structure
A.Granulocytes – have
many membrane-based
granules in their
cytoplasm
2.Neutrophils
3.Eosinophils
 NEUTROPHILS
• Chief Phagocytes of Early
Inflammation
• Involved in short-term
phagocytosis
• Provide defense in two
ways:
• 1. Releasing contents of
 EOSINOPHILS
• Active in parasitic
infection
• Also participate in
BASOPHILS
•allergic response
Participate in allergic
response
•IgE attaches to basophils
 Classification of Leukocytes
accdg to Structure
B. Agranulocytes – contains no
lysosomal granule or enzyme-
filled digestive vacuoles in
their cytoplasm
2.Monocytes
3.Macrophages
4.Lymphocyte
MONOCYTES
• Highly phagocytic, immature
macrophage
MACPROPHAGE
• First line of defense against
infection
• Particpate in the immune and
infammatory response
• Make up the MPS
1. T- LYMPHOCYTE
• Responsible for cell-
mediated immnunity
• Produced primarily in
thymus
• Defenses against
intracellular pathogens,
fungi and viruses
2. B- LYMPHOCYTE
• Responsible for humoral
immunity
• Produced primarily in
lymph tissue
• Defenses against invasive
type of bacteria, bacterial
toxins and some viruses
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
• Involved in killing some
tumor cells and some
virally infected cells
Composition of Blood: Cellular
Component
C. THROMBOCYTES – disk-shaped
cytoplasmic fragments essential
for blood coagulation and control
of bleeding
• Thrombopoietin – a hormone
which is the main regulator of
the circulating platelets
• N amount of Circ. Platelet: 150k
 Physiology of Clot Formation
• HEMOSTASIS – process of
preventing blood loss from
intact vessels and stopping
bleeding from a severed
vessel
• Sequence of events in
Hemostasis
Stage 1
HEMOSTASIS