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Globalization

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies,

and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and
investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the
environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity,
and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.

History of globalization

Globalization is viewed as a century’s long process, tracking the expansion of

human population and the growth of civilization that has accelerated dramatically in the
past 50 years. Early forms of globalization existed during the Roman Empire, the
Parthian empire, and the Han Dynasty, when the Silk Road started in China, reached the
boundaries of the Parthian empire, and continued onwards towards Rome. The Islamic
Golden Age is also an example, when Muslim traders and explorers established an early
global economy across the Old World resulting in a globalization of crops, trade,
knowledge and technology; and later during the Mongol Empire, when there was greater
integration along the Silk Road.
The 19th century is sometimes called "The First Era of Globalization." It was a
period characterized by rapid growth in international trade and investment between the
European imperial powers, their colonies, and, later, the United States. It was in this
period that areas of sub-saharan Africa and the Island Pacific were incorporated into the
world system. The "First Era of Globalization" began to break down at the beginning of
the 20th century with the First World War.

Effects of globalization

Globalization has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways such
as:

• Industrial - emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a

range of foreign products for consumers and companies. Particularly movement
of material and goods between and within national boundaries.
• Financial - emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to
external financing for borrowers. Simultaneous though not necessarily purely
globalize is the emergence of under or un-regulated foreign exchange and
speculative markets.
• Economic - realization of a global common market, based on the freedom of
exchange of goods and capital.
• Political - some use "globalization" to mean the creation of a world government,
or cartels of governments (e.g. WTO, World Bank, and IMF) which regulate the
relationships among governments and guarantees the rights arising from social
and economic globalization.
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• Informational - increase in information flows between geographically remote

locations. Arguably this is a technological change with the advent of fiber optic
communications, satellites, and increased availability of telephone and Internet.
• Language - the most popular language is English.
o About 75% of the world's mail, telexes, and cables are in English.
o Approximately 60% of the world's radio programs are in English.
o About 90% of all Internet traffic uses English.
• Competition - Survival in the new global business market calls for improved
productivity and increased competition. Due to the market becoming worldwide,
companies in various industries have to upgrade their products and use
technology skillfully in order to face increased competition.
• Cultural - growth of cross-cultural contacts; advent of new categories of
consciousness and identities which embodies cultural diffusion, the desire to
increase one's standard of living and enjoy foreign products and ideas, adopt new
technology and practices, and participate in a "world culture". Some bemoan the
resulting consumerism and loss of languages. Also see Transformation of culture.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization

Some Advantages Some Disadvantages

• Increased free trade between nations
• Increased liquidity of capital allowing
investors in developed nations to
invest in developing nations
• Corporations have greater flexibility
to operate across borders
• Global mass media ties the world
together
• Increased flow of communications
allows vital information to be shared
between individuals and corporations
around the world
• Greater ease and speed of
transportation for goods and people
• Reduction of cultural barriers
increases the global village effect
• Spread of democratic ideals to
developed nations
• Greater interdependence of nation-
states
• Reduction of likelihood of war
between developed nations
• Increases in environmental protection
in developed nations
• Increased flow of skilled and non-
skilled jobs from developed to
developing nations as corporations
seek out the cheapest labor
• Increased likelihood of economic
disruptions in one nation effecting
all nations
• Corporate influence of nation-states
far exceeds that of civil society
organizations and average
individuals
• Threat that control of world media
by a handful of corporations will
limit cultural expression
• Greater chance of reactions for
globalization being violent in an
attempt to preserve cultural heritage
• Greater risk of diseases being
transported unintentionally between
nations
• Spread of a materialistic lifestyle
and attitude that sees consumption
as the path to prosperity
• International bodies like the World
Trade Organization infringe on
national and individual sovereignty
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• Increase in the chances of civil war

within developing countries and
open war between developing
countries as they vie for resources
• Decreases in environmental
integrity as polluting corporations
take advantage of weak regulatory
rules in developing countries

Globalization and Militarism

Globalization and militarism should be seen as two sides of the same coin. On one side,
globalization promotes the conditions that lead to unrest, inequality, conflict, and,
ultimately, war. On the other side, globalization fuels the means to wage war by
protecting and promoting the military industries needed to produce sophisticated
weaponry. This weaponry, in turn, is used-or its use is threatened-to protect the
investments of transnational corporations and their shareholders.
Globalization is driving a global war economy and creating the conditions for
tremendous loss of human life. Most of cases occurs decline in human rights, social
justice, environmental standards, and democracy caused by globalization. The inevitable
outcome of globalization will be more wars-especially in the Third World where
globalization has its harshest effects.
Nowadays globalization of the world is totally failure because currant war between
Israel and Palestine shows it best example. Israel killed thousands of people including
women’s and children but no one in the world to stopped it. America who started the war
against terrorism also energizes Israel that he has the right to defend his state. The united
nation, Arab league also failure to stop the war and cannot forced Israel.