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% 15he Twentieth Centviry^c ! % Urvion Leacgvie Directory. H

Colored

Washington
EFFORTS FOR.^^^^^ SOCIAL BETTERMENT.
Price

35 Cents. Cloth Bound. 60 Cents.

-

Compiled

a.r\d

Edited by

ANDREW
2352 Sixth

E.

HILYER.,
D. C.

Street. N. W..

WASHINGTON.
S

JANUARY.

1901.

z~

^UlUliUiUiUiUiUiUiUUiiUUliUiUUUUiUiUiUiUiUUUUUUUUi^

Bank

Established in

1888.

Capital $50,000.

Capital Savings Bank,

609 F
Street,

N. W.

Deposits received from 10 cents upward. Interest allowed on $5.00 and above. Treasurers of Churches, Associations and other Organizations can deposit funds with this Bank and receive INTEREST. The money is always subject to check without notice.
Collections meet with prompt attention.

General Exchange and Banking Business Done.

Battk

Open from 9

A.

M. to 4.30 P. M.

Directors
John R. Lynch, Leonard C. Bailey, Whitefield McKinlay, Henry E. Baker, John A. Pierre, Wyatt Archer,

Wm.

A. Warfield,

Jerome A. Johnson, Howard H. Williams, James T. Bradford, W. S. Montgomery,

Robt. Williams, A. W. Tancil, Robt. H. Terrell.

OFFICERS
John R. Lynch, Jerome A. Johnson, Leonard C. Bailey, Robert H. Terrell,
Douglass B. McCary,
-

President.

Vice President.

..----

Treasurer. Secretary. Cashier.

THE
TWENTIETH CENTURY UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY
A COMPILATION OF THE EFFORTS OF THE COLORED PEOPLE OF WASHINGTON FOR SOCIAL BETTERMENT.
As Mechanics, In
Business, In

The

Professions In Public Posi-

tions of Responsibility,

Through Their Various Organizations, In

Educating Their Children And In Getting Homes.

HISTORICAL,

BIOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF

AND STATISTICAL

COLORED WASHINGTON
At the Dawn
of the Twentieth Century and After Generation of Freedom.

Compiled and Edited under the Auspices of

THE UNION LEAGUE,

BY

ANDREW

F.

HILYER,

A. B., LE. M.
C.

Washington, D.
January,
1901.

^SJ^HIS
^),Q^

Investigation and

Publica-

tion cost in cash about $400.

Everyone who purchases one of these

books will be encouraging the Study
as

well as the Discussion

of

the

Race Problem,
be used

as the proceeds will

for further Investigations.

CONTENTS
Efforts for Social Betterment.

INTRODUCTION
Colored Mechanics and Business Men Before the Civil War

6 10
12-101

Movement Some Representative Men BUSINESS DIRECTORY, Arranged

The New

Business

alphabetically according to kind of business 13-101

The

First Colored Clerk in

Washington

111 32

Dentist

Druggist

40
60
68
74

Lawyer Newspaper
Physician

Results of the Investigation of the Business Movement Among Colored People of Washington From Data Collected by the Union League Canvassers-Tabulation and Analysis of Data, A Social Study, By Geo. W. Ellis Business Enterprise In South Washington Public Positions Held By Colored Men In Washington;

103

104

no
hi
1

DIRECTORY OF ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS, W ith Data For A Social Study ORGANIZATIONS: Business, Page, 115; Beneficial, 116;
t

14-157

Benevolent, 137; Charity, 136; Fraternal, 121; Literary, 148; Medical, 150; Military, 156; Patriotic, Musical, 153; 154; Philanthropic, 155; Pleasure, 148; Political, 148; Religious, 140; Secret, 121; Self-Culture, 147; Temperance, 138; Trades Union, 157.

Miscellaneous Efforts Schools Before the Civil War 157 Present Public School System-Organization of_ 159 Public Institutions of and For Colored People. 159-169
:

Index

to Persons

and Organizations.

171

"Know
its

Thyself."

This work was undertaken with the hope that

publication would

stimulate

the

desire

to-

Study, as well as Discuss, the Race Problem, and that like investigations would be made in
other
It
cities.
is

only the strongest and most progressive few of any race who can be pioneers. The masses of all races are " Lead" to attempt only what they see persons of their own kind doing. If the Colored Race, in the first generation of Freedom has produced a number of successful men and women in any community, no better service to the race can be done at this dark hour, than to throw the light upon them. The real LEADERS of the
race are those

who Lead

in doing.

Introduction.
The compiler has heretofore published under the auspices of the Union League, three issues of a Directory of some of the colored mechanics, business and professional men and women, and a compendium of the organizations and institutions of and for the colored people of the The first was published in 1S92, the second in District of Columbia. 1894, and are bound together and placed in the Library of Congress and The one published in 1S95 in the Washington City and other libraries. was printed on a large card. During these years from 1S92 to 1895

many

of our ministers preached special sermons;

many

special meet-

was prepared and circulated, under the auspices of the Union League, urging a larger development of the business interests of the colored people. There is no doubt that this agitation was a great power for good as will be seen in
ings were held, and a great deal of literature

the almost wonderful increase since that time in the

number

of colored

people in business. The writer attended that monster Convention of Colored Business Men held in Boston last August, at the call of Mr. Booker T. Washington, and read there a paper on "The Colored American in Business".

making
there, to

in

he saw and heard of the great success the race was all parts of the country, he resolved, then and return to Washington and resume the work of helping to make
business in
also strengthened
this

When

conditions better for colored people in business.

This purpose was saw of the progress of

in

by what the writer personally

many

people along business and professional lines parts of the Southern States during a hurried trip the previous

winter, as an Expert

Agent of the United States Commission

to the

Paris Exposition of 1900, to collect data along these lines to be used as The success throughout the a feature of the Negro Exhibit at Paris.

South of this backward people in their efforts for social betterment under adverse conditions, by entering into all kinds of business, was one of the encouraging signs of the progress of the race. The writer believes that the line of racial resistance is least along
this line.

The

tain adverse conditions in their

colored people themselves have only to overcome cerown ranks and a magnificent progress
is

along business and professional lines

just ahead.

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

In addition to little capital and much inexperience, the most serious and tenacious adverse condition consists in a hostile public opincolored ion, that is shared in, perhaps, more by the people of the certain lines of business, race than by the whites, especially along

an opinion that seems to resent, by refusing

the entry of colored
It is this

to trade

with them,

men

into business.

of man}-

of

adverse condition this disposition to resent, on the part his own race the efforts of the colored man to better his

condition by tearing away from the mass the Union League movement was directed against. There has been marked improvement in this re-

gard since 1892.

At first blush, it seems a startling proposition ple are not disposed to patronize each other business in which the whites also seriously compete
It is

that colored peoin those

classes of

for their trade.

men in those classwith white merchants, that es of business in which they must compete as a rule, the people of their own race shun them, and that their patronage comes almost entirely from the white race. Of course the colthe almost universal testimony of colored

ored man cannot have a fair chance in business as long as he is shunned on account of envy and jealously or a lack of confidence by any large part of his own race, especially in communities where they are numerous.

This being the close of the Nineteenth Century, after a generation of freedom, it was thought to be a good point at which to stop and take an account of stock, and see just what is the actual status of the colored population of Washington, the Capital of the Nation, where the colored population is large, and where the conditions are the most favorable, to see what is their actual status as skilled workmen, in business, in the
professions, and in their organizations; in short, to

make

a study, at first

hand, of their efforts for social betterment.

To

effectually accomplish this work, the District of

Columbia was

divided into 20 sections and an intelligent volunteer canvasser put in each section, to collect the data about every colored person who was doing anything in a business way as a proprietor no matter how small
the business.
in

business,

The data covered name, address, kind of business, years number employed, capital invested, and gross amount of

business done annually.

Four of the canvassers failed outright and their sections were canvassed by the compiler, personally, in addition to his own section. Two others, on account of business engagements, did not canvass their sec-

UNION LEAGUE
tions thoroughly.

DIRECTORY
Thus,

These had

to

be gone over by the compiler.

the entire District was covered.

Fourteen sections were thoroughly and conscientiously done by the canvassers assigned; some of them entered upon the work with interest and enthusiasm and developed unexpected capacity for such work. The volunteer canvassers who completed their work were: Dr. J. G. Clayton, Messrs. H. J. Davis, G. W. Ellis, A. S. Gray, L. G. Fletcher, Jr., Dr. R. T. Hamilton, L. M. Hershaw, W. L. Houston, Dr. Jno. C. Norwood, Robt. Pelham, Jr., Edgar M. Ricks, Edward W. Turner and
Dr. F. J.

Webb.

the
is

work

of Mr. Geo.

The analysis and tabulation of the data collected is W. Ellis, of the University of Kansas. Mr. Ellis
and has done his work well.
Turner,

a student of Sociology

Mr. Edward

W.

my

sing his section rendered

much

neighbor and friend, besides canvasinvaluable aid in arranging and com-

piling the data, and lightened the

burden on me whenever

it

became too
and

heavy.

Great credit
stacles.
I

is

due these gentlemen

for the painstaking care

patience with which they pursued their work, often in the face of ob-

extend

my

heartfelt thanks to these volunteers,

who worked

with-

out thought of pay or reward, but because of their interest in the study;

and

to all others

my

faithful wife,

who have in any way who has stood by me

assisted in the work, including

at all times.

Their assistance

was invaluable; without it this effort on the part of the colored people themselves, to study their own condition, could not have been possible,
nor this publication prepared and issued even in the incomplete form in

which

it is

presented.
its

In further extenuation of

many

short-comings,

it

is

proper to

add that the time

for the

work was snatched

and
rest, as

either from sleep or from

is

the time intended for recreation

the compiler
F.

otherwise

employed during the day.

ANDREW
Washington, D.
January,
1901.
C.

HILYER,
Compiler.

Colored Mechanics and Business

the Civil
There were Colored mechanics
very
earliest times in

Men

Before

War*
from the
carpenters, bricklayers,

in almost all the trades

the

District; especially

stone-masons, painters, blacksmiths, and shoe-makers. Indeed, they did relatively a much larger share of such work in the District than they do

now, having been pushed aside since the war by the

local trade unions, controlling those branches.

hostility of the

Colored Persons Prohibited by Law from Engaging

in Business.
days, passed early in the history of the providing that no license should be issued for any purpose whatever to any free person of color, except to drive carts, drays,
in those

There was a law

District,

As almost all kinds of business hackney carriages or wagons. were licensed, this would have virtually amounted to a prohibition Colored persons were forbidden if the law had been rigidly enforced. All secret meetings and to sell liquors, keep taverns or eating houses. all meetings for worship were prohibited after ten o'clock at night. Happily, such unjust laws were not always rigidly enforced, and several colored men won considerable success in certain branches of business in spite of adverse laws and a generally hostile environment.
published City Directory of S. A. Elliot, published in others, the following colored persons engaged in business and in the mechanical trades: J. B. Butler, Carpenter, nth and I Streets; Gus. Carnes, Blacksmith, 4th Street, Street, between

*In the

first

1827,

we

find,

among

between K and L, Streets, S. E.; David Evans, Brickmaker, 15th and L, Streets; John Ingraham, Tailor, 7th Street near F, N. W. Spencer Johnson and David Jones, Shoemakers; George McCoy, Plasterer; Robert Patterson, Blacksmith; John Payne, Carpenter; also John Payne, of Georgetown, Carpenter; Robert Sommerville, Tanner; Thomas B. There were some Spriggs, Pump maker; Jas. Weaver, Shoemaker.
;

others, but these are fairly representative.

In addition to

many

of the above,

who were

still

living,

we

find in

From

data kindly furnished by Hon. John F. Cook.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

the City Directory for 1834, the following:

John Brown, father of Prof,

;

Hugh Brown, keeper

Streets;

of a fruit store on Pa. Ave., between 14th and 15th

James Cades, Shoemaker;

New

Jersey Avenue, S. E.

Gordon

Joseph Dix, Livery Stable, K Street between 14th and 15th Streets; Jacob Jackson, Wheelwright; David Jones, Shoemaker; Flora Moore, Carpet Weaver; John Pierre, grandfather of Mr. John A. Pierre, Carpenter; Henry Wilson, Dyer; Arthur Warren,
Dillon, Carpenter;

Grocer; Ba/.il Simms, uncle of Mr. Louis Cornish, was a Rope Maker, south side of Pennsylvania Avenue, between 3rd and 4th Streets, East. It is thus seen that in those early and dark days there were, here and there, sparks of the business spirit among the colored people of Washington. It must be remembered, however, that the anti-Negro spirit rapidly increased from 1S34 on to its culmination in the infamous
in 1859, and the breaking out of the Civil War in subsequent City Directories do not show much improvement of the colored people in business as it evidently was considered better by them to appear in the Directory as a "waiter,"

Dred Scott Decision

1S61.

Therefore,

"domestic" or "laborer."

BarbEring.
practically a monopoly of this business before the the severe competition of white men, who have entered war. Lately, the business, and with their superior efficiency and greater advantages,

Colored

men had

are slowly but surely, taking [this once lucrative and respectable busi-

ness
strict

away from

They can only hold it by a more developing greater efficiency and reattention to business and by
the colored barbers.

liability.

Republican or Civil Rights Shops.

the first shop was opened here for the For many years, as early as the forties ,and probably earlier, there was such a shop on \)' Street, near Penna. z Avenue, in the Colonization Building. In the early fifties the shop was run by a Mr. Pollard. The late Mr. Howard Cossley also had such a
It is

not

known

just

when

public, white and colored.

shop on

Street,

above 7th

Street,

N. W.

Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights.

This was
ful before

a business in

which colored men were especially success-

the war,

course, largely to
cline of the horse.

although, the race has lost much of it, owing, of changed industrial conditions, among others the de-

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

The
father of Mr.

W. Calvin Chase was

a blacksmith

good business on 7th Street, between G and Hezekiah Humphries and Mr. Barney Mahoney, the grand-uncle of Pittsburg, were Prof. Stephen Mahoney of the Avery Trade School, of Madam Smallprominent in the N. E., while Hiram Gray, father wood, the noted singer and dressmaker, and James Green, were conpicuously successful blacksmiths in Georgetown before the Civil War. Mr. Jacob Jackson & Son, and after them James Jackson, of 17th Streets N. W. Street, were successful wheelwrights near H and 7th grand-father, on her There were several others. Mr. W. G. Costin,
Streets,

and had a N. W.

mother's side, of Mrs.

ful cutler, first

Mamie

Nichols- Hilyer,

was

for years a success-

on Pa. Ave., near 12th, then at 604 D, N. W., the Mr. Wm. H. Myers has for 30 years conducted the same place where
business, having learned
it

from Mr. Costen.

Cabinet Makers and Upholsterers.

Mr. Henry Jackson and his father were considered as fine cabinet makand upholsterers as there were in the District. This business has been ruined, except as to repairing, by the advent of factories and machine made
ers

goods.

few colored

men

are

still

engaged

in

it.

Several colored

Eating Houses. caterers and hotel keepers. men won signal success along this line

before the war.

thriving These places were usually small and tradesmen they escaped the Not being recognized as legitimate business. tax which was always kept ready to be paid on demand. The father of Dr. Shadd kept one of the leading eating places of the city, corner of 6th and Pennsylvania Avenue, succeeding Benj. Snow and William Walker. Another famous place was kept by "Aunt" Lettie Thompson, on F street, near the Ebbitt House. There was a very prosperous confectionery and caterer on 15th street where the Corcoran building now stands, kept by James Johnson. John Brown, on Pennsylvania Avenue, between 14th and 15th, n. w., who was keeping a fruit store in 1834, had become in the forties a confectioner and caterer. Mr. Lynch Wormley, father of the late James Wormley, kept the " Liberia Hotel" on E, between 14th and 15th streets; Mr. Alfred Cook, the " Hope Club Hotel" on F street, between 14th and 15th, as far back as 1845, and Mr. Selden kept hotel on the avenue between 14th and 15th streets. These hotels were quite pretentious for those times, the capital involved ranged from fifteen to twenty-five thousand dollars. Mr. James Wormley also began in the catering and hotel business in the

unpretentious, yet often did a

UNION LEAGUE
early

DIRECTORY.
him was Mr.
J.

many men trained by fifties, one of the son, formerly proprietor of the " Woodmont,"

F. Robin-

now

proprietor

of a

large

dining roo.n at 1502 14th street, northwest.

Dressmakers.
Colored

women have had

a large business as

dressmakers from the very

earliest times.

Feed Business.
Several colored

men were

successful in

this

business.

The two most

conspicuous examples are Mr. Alfred Lee, of Georgetown, and Mr. Alfred street, between 21st and Jones, father <>t Mrs. Cleo Jones-Arnold, on

22nd.

Both of these men amassed small fortunes.

Marketing and Provisions.

Many
markets.
kins.

colored

men and women had

lunde
a

stalls

of various kinds in the public

Some

specialty of cracked

hominy.

The

late

Charles

Brooks made

this his specialty, as also

did the father of Mr. R.

W. Thompand Joseph

Others sold risn, fresh and smoked notably Thos. Mason, whose sons became school teachers.
(

>yster Business.

This afforded occupation for many, especially in the retail trade, among them Mr. Chas. Shorter, the grandfather of Mr. Thomas H. Wright, on Another was Mr. Thomas Boland. on 19th, near G. 20th between I and K. There were many scattered all over the citv as now.

Musicians.
There were several good musicians, among them Mr. James H. Fleet, He also taught a school on the father of the wife of Prof. R. T. Greener. M. C. A. building on N. Y. avenue, between 14th and present site of the Y. The building was wrecked about 1S37 by the Anti-Negro 15th streets. mob spirit which swept over the country about that time. Others were Wm. H. Yates, Henry Jasper and James Moody, who was a leading restauMr. Wm. H. rant keeper on Pennsylvania Avenue, near 6th. northwest.
Yates was bugle

man

to a cavalry
"

men

of the District, called the

company composed of the leading Potomac Dragoons."

gentle-

Pump Makers and Well Diggers.

This was an important business
the advent of

among

colored

men

in those

days before

Potomac water.

Painters.
Being one of the mechanical trades the business of house painter was freely open to colored men. Among the more conspicuous were

IO

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

Mr. Patrick Goines, father of Mr. J. G. Goines, also a painter, and Wm. H. Goines and Mr. C. P. Goines, the fuel and feed dealer, now at the cor. of 12th and R streets, n. w. Of course there
the father Dr.

were many others.

Shoemakers, &c.
This was quite a common business followed by colored men in Washington before the war. Among the more prominent was Mr. Chas. Datcher, 15th street, near F. Mr. Wm. Butler, who came here from Loudon Co., Va., and was for many years a prominent

man

Church, had a shop on Pennsylvania Avenue, between 17th and 18th streets, n. w. The Rev. John F. Cook, who died in 1855, also learned the trade, but left it for the school-room and pulpit. For many years he taught school and was the founder and first pastor of the Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church.
in the 19th Street Baptist

There were no regular graduated colored physicians

days, although several studied medicine with

in

those

the

purpose of emi"

grating to Liberia.

There were many

ll

Herb Doctors,

Thomp-

sonians" and other quacks.

Among

those

who

studied medicine were

Mr. James H. Fleet and Augustus Price, but they never entered upon the regular practice, probably they could not secure the necessary permit or
artist,

license.

The

avocations of the agent, architect,

a building association, dentist,
in

author, banker,

manager of

druggist,

editor and publisher,

examiner

chancer)',

insurance

company, jeweler, justice of the peace,

lawyer,

educated physician, sign painter, printer, real broker, etc., stenographer and undertaker are strictly pastbellum developments; or if there were any of such in Washington they were exceptional.

notary public, estate agent, note

The New
One
of the
results

Business Movement.
great Civil

of the

War

for the preservation

emancipate the white workman as well as the slave. Labor and business were dignified and began to be held worthy of the white man's best efforts. Besides, after the war, there was a large number of northern men settled here. Some entered the skilled trades, others went into business. This subjected the' colored people to a terrible competition, for which they were poorly
of the Union,

w as
r

to

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

II

prepared, not only by a lack of previous training, but also because they were somewhat intoxicated by their newly acquired freedom. At first, this competition stag-gered them. For years afier the war the colored people of Washington barely held their own industrially and commercially. But during all these years the public schools

were doing their work.

In 1884, the election of a Democratic president caused the prevalent belief that dark days were just ahead for the colored people,

and that the only way any of them could be saved would be by going into business, the only road that lay open to them. From that time dates the revival of business among the colored people of Washington. Foremost among the leaders of that time was Col. Milton M. Holland. Among others who were prominent in this movement were Leonard C. Bailey, die late Rev. Win. Waring, Dr. F. J. Shadd, Lewis H. Douglass, Dr. John R. Francis, Dr. Charles B. Purvis, Jerome A. Johnson, the late Prof. Wiley Lane, Prof. Geo.

Wm.

Cook. The writer was an interested follower and listener. Many meetings were held where the question discussed was, "\\ hat shall we do to be saved ?" "Form co-operative companies and go
into business!"

Industrial
1885,

was the answer. As a result of this discussion the Building and Savings Company was organized May 5,

on the building association plan a company wisely planned because it has survived the ups and downs of business, and is still doing busiuesss in the Capital Savings Bank Building, with Mr. Heurv E. Baker as secretary. A wave of agitation for business swept over the city and was the means most of of starting many co-operative business enterprises, which have not survived. There have been many grocer} companies, fuel companies and steamboat companies, all of which gave expres-

sion to the longings of the people for a larger share in the business

community. The most conspicuous example of success achieved by any of these movements is the Capital Savings Bank, which will be treated more fully on another page. This venture started with small capital, but high hopes, with Col. Holland and Mr. Leonard C. Bailey as its leading spirits. Col. Holland afterward
of the

withdrew from both the Building Association and the Bank, to engage in other enterprises, but left Mr. Bailey at the helm in the Bank and Mr. Baker in the Building- Association. In addition to

12

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

the Building Association and the Bank, two life insurance companies have survived this movement The Douglass Life Insurance Company and the National Benefit Company. By far the greatest good to the race, has come, not in the successful establishment of
:

large

spirit

co-operative companies, but in the infusion of the business throughout the rank and file of the race. The result has been a broadening of the business movement in two directions, viz The
:

number

of the different classes of business in which persons of this race have entered and, secondly, in the large number of persons
;

engaged.

This shows a broad and healthy foundation. Those were the days of the planting of the seed. The fruit of individual enterprise is now beginning to sprout. The business movement has not yet gained much volume, but it. is widespread and popular, embracing all sections of the city and all classes of the colored people. Ten years hence let us hope the fruit will be apparent. When one considers the economic history and environments of this people, it cannot with reason be expected that they would, in a single generation of nominal freedom, have shaken off all the bad effects of the slave system, and exhibited a wonderful progress in the business world. Nor is it surprising that the colored peeple have made more progress in education and culture, in the acquisition of homes and lands and churches than they had made in the hard competition of the business world. They are passing through a severe economic struggle. They are face to face and in competition with the most efficient, the most exacting people the world has ever seen. The colored man who would succeed in business must meet the competition of his white neighbor with his superior capital and training, and also the blight of distrust and jealously of many of his own race. He has foes within and foes without, enemies in front and enemies in the rear. It seems clear, however, that the facts brought out by this investigation prove that a creditable beginning has been made a beginning that promises well for the future.

Some
that

Representative Men.

Most of the business enterprises are small, yet there is at the present time quite a "number of examples of conspicuous success

show the

possibilities for our youth,

fidelity to

duty are combined.

We

where energy, ability and have thought it well to specify

A DIRECTORY
-OF-

The Colored Mechanics,

Professional

Business and

Men
-OF THE-

and

Women

DISTRICT OK COLUMBIA. JANUARY, IQO

AGENCIES.

The National Colored Teachers' Bureau,

459 c ST. n. w.,

WASHINGTON,

D. C.

EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES.
Andrews. J A 1635 nth nw Brown, Mrs Annie S29 10th nw Cook. Miss Lucy J 515 15th nw Home Exchange, 1129 19th nw Newsome, J TC, Mgr Eureka Emp
Ex. 1013

TRY THE

EUREKA
*

Employment
1013 N.
Y.

Exchange,
all

N Y Ave
1

Avenue, N. W.
purposes

nw Pierce. D F 1211 10th nw West End Emp Co 2616 P nw

Old Virginia, 1632
ith

Neat. Competent help for

Profitable Situations.

"Phone

1928-3.

No

Delay,

14

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

It will be interesting and instructive, and stimulus to read from what humble origins most of them have sprung and of the means they have employed to climb the ladder of

a few of these by name.

a

success.

This list might have been many times longer. The names here mentioned are taken simply because they are fairly representative of the successful

men

in their several avocations.

A
the

successful

man

in the high-class callings of life

is

MR. DANIEL FREEMAN,

photographer and
artist,

whose studio

is

at 1516 14th street,

N.

W. Born

in 1868, at Alexandria, Va., he

the age of 13, attended our public schools and

special
ors,

came to Washington at was a member of

drawing class. He has a natural gift for painting in oil colhaving a number of pieces of his work on exhibition at his studio. He studied photography under the direction of Mr. E. J. Pullman, the well-known photographer, at that time on Pennsylvania Avenue, between 9th and 10th streets. He began in business for himself in 1885, our premier colored photographer. Business was slow at first, but he had both genius for his profession, practical tact and love for his calling. He has steadily won his way by sheer force of merit to the confidence of the public. He now has a successful business well established, and is patronized by all classes including some of the prominent people of the city. He is a natural born artist his pastel and crayon work is of a high order of merit. The scenery in his studio is from his own brush. His gallery is fitted up with all the latest and most approved appa;

his instruments alone costing over $500. Mr. Freeman is a Master Mason, a member of the Protective League, a well-drilled soldier and an expert marksman. He took the 9th prize in a contest between 150 of the best marksmen in the country. He credits his success to a close study of the wants of his patrons and a strenuous effort to satisfy his customers. Mr. Freeman was chosen to install the exhibit of the D. C. in the Negro Building at the Atlanta Exposition in 1895, which he did with credit and signal success. He has, also, annexed to his studio, a picture framing department and a bicycle store, keeping in stock a full line of bicycles sundries. He is an expert bicycle repairer. Mr. Freeman is a considerable tax payer and is always willing to help others. He was president of

ratus

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

ART

STUDIO, DHNIEL FREEMAN'S W. N.

15516

I4TH

ST.,

Fine Photographs, Crayons and Pastels any size and all kinds. first-class Groups flowers and copying Interior and exterior views. All work Guaranteed not to fade. Lessons given in retouching and general photography. Picture frames, Bicycles and Sundries.

Art Display Sign Co.,

ev, Mgr.,

D A
nw

Max-

1710 ioth

Jerome O'Hagan C, 1248 9th nw. See also Photographers

AUTHORS.

MR. DANIEL MURRAY,

Assistant Librarian of The Library of Congress, one of the best informed men of the country on books and authors, makes the following ANNOUNCEMENT of a very valuable Book that he is preparing for Publication.

BIBLIOGRAPHIA AFRICAN A or, HISTORY OF AFRO-AMERICAN LITERATURE

;

with sketches of one hundred and twenty-rive distinguished writers allied with the Negro race to which will be appended a Bibliography of Sixteen hundred books and pamphlets by Afro-American Authors.

DANIEL MURRAY,

934 S Street N.

W.

Joining The
LIFE

By John H. Pavxtek, A. B. ABOARD A U. S. WAR-SHIP VIVIDLY PORTRAYED. charming account of the authors two years service in the U. S. navy. Visits to foreign lands. Realistic descriptions of the customs, manners and life of the people of Spain. Egypt, India, China, Japan, Ceylon. Africa and Madagasca. Fully illustrated. ADDRESS. 322 A ST. N. E. HANDSOMELY BOUND IN CLOTH. $1.00.

Navy

OR,

ABROAD WITH UNCLE SAM.

Dunbar,
rence

Mr and Mrs Paul Law321 Spruce nw

Newsome, John
ave

C, 1013

N Y

nw

BAKERS

and BAKERIES.
M SS HA TT| E BRANCH,
|

Branch Miss Hattie 1 831 7th nw Carter, Mrs Sarah 2003 8th nw Johnson, Mrs Jane O st mkt New England Bakery, 716 Fla
ave I1W Vance,

Home
1831

Ma.de Bakery,
seventh street,
Rolls, Pies,
n.

w.

M&

R, 151O 14th

nw

Home-made

Cakes and

Doughnuts.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

the Social Temperance Assembly in i89S-'99, an organization which rendered great service during those cold winters, by sending a
great
street.

many needed things to the Childrens' Home then on Erie He was also the organizer of the Washington Amateur Art

Society.

THE CAPITAL SAVINGS BANK.

About twelve years ago
U.
S.

a statement was made on the floor of the Senate by a prominent Senator that with all of their boasted

had not a single bank official to its credit. This remark was the immediate spur to several gentlemen who believed that the stigma of racial incapacity was unjust and who reHere at the capital of the nation solved to start a bank if possible. there was an army of salaried colored men and women, officials, clerks, messengers, teachers, and a still larger army of honest wage earners who drew every month in salaries tens of thousands of dollars, putting it, if saved at all, in institutions from which no one of their race could hope for employment above some menial The Industrial Building and Savings Company had been service. in successful operation over three years. The bank seemed the next logical step. With the purpose in view of establishing a bank, eight colored men met one evening in October, in 1888, in the library of the late Prof. Henry P. Montgomery. They were H. P. Montgomery, Leonard C. Bailey, Col. Milton M. Holland, J. H. N. Waring, Prof. W. S. Montgomery, the late Rev. William Waring, Dr. Furman J. Shadd and Jerome A. Johnson. They decided to start a bank and immediately put up the money for the first month's rent, and appointed the necessary committees. On Wednesday morning, October 17, 1888, the doors of the Capital Savings Bank were thrown open for business at 804 F street, n. w., with the following officers and directors President, Leonard C. Bailey vice president, Rev. Wm. Waring secretary, J. H. N. Waring treasurer, W. S. Montgomery; cashier, M. M. Holland. The other directors were Dr. John R. Francis, Jerome A. Johnson, H. P. Montgomery and James H. Smith. The amount of stock subscribed was $6,000, of which $1,000 was paid up in cash. The business of the bank was a success from the start. The capital has steadily increased from time to time until now it is $50,000 paid up and a considerable surplus. The bank is a voluntary association and owns the large bank buildprogress, the colored race
:

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

17

BANKS
Capital Savings Bank, 609
Industrial Bldg.

F nw
Co.,

and Saving-

The Capital Savings Bank, 609 F st., nw. John R. Lynch,

Pres. D. B.

609

F nw

McCary, Cashier.

BARBER
GO TO

SHOPS.

BRUCE'S
N.

R^obert Moore,

International Antiseptic Barber Shop.

CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC,
12TH & R STS.
S. H.

prerfiral

JJSatfiPF,

W.

WILLIAMS WITH W.,H. BRUCE.

Hair Cutting a Specialty.

1837,'<

WE ASK YOUR PATRONAGE. WE ASSURE GOOD ATTENTION.

7th St. N.

W.

CIVIL RIGHTS

BARBER SHOP,

1117 Fifteenth St., N. W.,

Haircutihig, snaving and Stopooing DONE IN THE FINEST STYLE. Special attention paid to Childrens Haircutting. Kespectfully solicit the patronage of the public. W. P. GRAY, PROP.
1

THE PALACE BHAYDTll PAB&tBp

120 4' 2 Street, N. W. WHERE YOU CAN HAVE SHAVING. HAIR CUTTING

AND WHISKERS TRIMMED

STYLE.

IN

THE LATEST

GIVE US A CALL.
R. A.

NELSON. PROP.

J.

Albert Holland,
Berber Shop.
427 4' 2 Street, S.

W.

Shaving, Shampooing, Hair Cutting". Polite Attendants.

1210 7th Street, N. W. Hair Cut 10c. and 15c. Satisfaction Guaranteed. A clean towel for each customer.

Carter
Civil Rights
21
1 1

L.

Jones'
W.

Barber Shop,
St.,

7th

N.

Hair Cutting

in all styles a specialty.

Addison, Chas E, 1201 Pa ave se Anderson, Chas A, 707 4th nw Armstead, Howard E, 707 L nw Bagby, Thomas M, 804 23d nw Bailey, Leonard C, 312 9th nw
Bailey, Bailey, C, 727 15th nw Bell, Walter 662 Navy place

Martin 's Shaving Par/or,

3151

L L

C, 607 7th

nw
nw nw

Dumbarton Ave.

SHAVE 5C.

SHAMPOO

15C.

Bay

HAIR CUT 15C. RAZORS HONED 20C. Polite Attention. rum and Witch hazel used. GEO. W. MARTIN.

Bethel, J B, 15 18 14th

Blackwell,

130

M
se

Bon, David, 916 21st

Boston, J 1508

nw

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

ing at 609 F street, n. w. in the heart of the business section of the National Capital containing some 20 handsome office rooms heated by steam. The Capital Savings Bank is now one of the recognized banking institutions of the city. It stood the strain of the panic in 1893 without asking quarter from anyone, paying every obligation on demand. It has steadily won its way into the confidence of the
business

The two men

community and the public generally, white and colored. to whom the bank and the race owes most for the

continued success are its treasurer, Mr. Leonard C. Bailey and its efficient cashier, Mr. Douglass B. McCary. It is proper to add here that there are now three other banks in
the United States

the True Reformers Savings Bank, both of Richmond, Va., and the Penny Savings Bank, with paid up capital

managed by

colored

men

Bank with

capital of $100,000, the Nickel

of $25,000, at Birmingham, Ala.

For thirty years Mr. Daniel Murray has been a prominent figure Few men in the country of any race the library of Congress. know so much about books and their authors as he. Last winter he prepared under the authority of the library of Congress a " Bibliography of the colored race," to be used as a feature of the Negro Exhibit at the Paris Exposition of 1900. So great was his success and so good the showing, that he has consented, after the earnest solicitation of many friends of the race to make a more full list and to give a review of the contents of all the books and pamphlets that have been published by persons of this race. Up to this time he has collected over 1600 books and pamphlets published by colored In view or authors, and is now at work preparing the manuscipt. opportunities at the National Library and his well Mr. Murrav's known energy and ability, it is confidently predicted that this work will prove to be a most valuable contribution to race literature. Being naturally of a thrifty turn of mind, Mr. Murray, early saw the great possibilities of real estate investments in Washington and
in

bv fortunate turns has acquired holdings of considerable value. He is married and has five living children. His home at 934 S St., N. W. is often refered to as an example of the refinement and
material prosperity of our colored citizens. His "Bibliography" will be awaited with increasing interest.

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

BARBER SHOPS. Continued.

Boston,

L, 1601 7th n\v

Bowman, Chas A, 1022

Brown Brown Brown Brown

7th

nw

Brooks Chas, 327 i3'j nw Anthony, 809 H ne Frank, 1801 7th nw

Garrett Mr, 151 Pa ave se Garret Chas E, 635 P nw Gasbea Richard, 409 13th se Golden F S, 1016 4 / sw
I
>

N H ave nw Joseph, 633 X J ave nw Brown, Robt M, 11 11 E nw

John E, 912
L, 1805 L nw Bruce, Ellsworth, 1937 14th Bruce J C, 347 Pa ave nw

Brown Thos

nw

Green J W, 11 23 3d sw Hall R M, 504 '_> R nw Hart Gilbert T, 1229 7th nw Haskins Solomon, 608 2d nw Hawkins Robt J, 12 19 7th nw Hill Chas H, 311 4th se Hill M H, 615 Pomeroy 11 w
Hill Sam'l E, 712
Hill

Bryant
Burnett

D, 1103 21st

nw

Burke J H, 808 13th ne

W M,

M nw
nw

101 6th

nw 3032 Bush Jos C, 109 6th nw Byrd H, 1022 7th sw

S,

52 C nw Hoston S Albert, 1523 7th nw Howard Reuben, 1002 20th nw

Hoge James R,

Campbell Lemuel, A 216 B nw Campbell Robt J, 233 Pa ave nw

Carter Chas, 237 L nw Carter Jas H, 816 3d se Carter A, 1316 32d nw

Hyder

J A, 1529 7th

nw

Clark A, 9001] 8th nw Clarkson H P, 1702 7th nw Col man Eli, 645 N nw

Conaway, Win A, Cochran hotel

Cox Edw D, 738 15th nw

Davis & Bryant, 142 1 G nw Davis H A, 742 14th nw Denton, Richard Jr, 808 G sw

Denton Richard, 617 3d sw Epps Harry, 16 19 nth nw

Jackson Alex, 2204 Pa ave nw Jackson Chas, 620 F nw Jackson F A, 505 D nw Jackson Robt B, 1245 5 tn mv Johnson, Chas H, Vt ave & R nw Johnson C V, 3352 M nw Johnson, Jas Lee, 169 Pierce nw Johnson John T, 1403 P nw Johnson Thos, 1805 L nw Johnson Todd, 630 N nw Jones Chas, 192 1 E nw Jones John, 523 2d nw Kennedy M, 1501 M nw

Kent Geo, 14 13 2Sth nw

Landers Sedgwick, 801 E Cap Laws Arthur W, 1116 E nw Lee Jos H, 733 22d nw Lee J M, 225 F sw Lee Robt, 1525 nth nw
st

Evans Sarah E, 817

Fowler J W, 315 3d
Frazier James, 605

Epps, James, Nichols ave H ne Fletcher Joseph S, 516 12th

se

nw

C nw

20

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

LEONARD
of youth

C.

BAILEY.

Mr. Bailey represents in a most distinct manner the possibilities struggling with misfortunes. At his birth he was handHe has icapped by two great obstacles he was poor and a Negro.
;

overcome both obstacles by removing the one and ignoring the He is a business man who has succeeded, and in that way other. He is a christian gentleman of means he has removed his poverty. and in that way he can ignore many forms of race and ability,
prejudice.

His early struggles against poverty and prejudice were not unlike
those of hundreds of his fellow men, but his distinction has

come

and his success has been the outcome of industry, determination, courage, ability, honesty all of which constitute
with his success
character.
;

Beginning as a journeyman barber, he was not satisfied until he had reached the highest success attainable in that line of work. He now owns and operates several of the finest tonsorial establishments in this city, and has them under such complete control, that a single personal visit at each one by him daily is all that is needed to keep
the busness in profitable channels.

He has by no means confined himself to this line of work. He an inventor whose inventive skill, extending over a wide range of subjects, has been frequently rewarded by the United States and
is

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

21

BARBER SHOPS Continued.

Lewis,

H, Nichols ave
131 5

Lomax Monroe, Lucas B W, 419

ne

10th

nw

Sewall Wm, 617 E nw Shepard Wm, 424 10th nw Sims, Milton E, 1906 14th
vSlocum

nw

McGinnity, 506 3d sw McGraw Geo, 121 Va ave sw Marshall Win H, 601 Mass av ne McNeil, H, Riggs house Neoh H & Co, 2819 nw Newman J T, 400 3d sw Nicholson Geo, 50 H nw

Smith C M Smith C Smith R H, 521 10th nw Stephen Jos, 1301 nth se

R, 503 14th nw D, 2825 nw 12th nw L, 302

Palace Shav Parlor, 120 4th nw Parker Charley, 32d & nw

Patterson

Pearson

Penn J Penn J
1220

Wm, 1107^ I nw R, 102 4^ nw B, 1220 N Y ave nw

Stewart E E, & Jackson J E, 813 Md ave ne Stewart Ernest E, 12 17 E se Stewart G W, 29th & M nw Tabbs Frank, 73 Fenton st ne Taylor Chas, 619 Mass ave nw Terry, Peter, 227 3d sw

B,

(School

for

Barbers)

N Y ave nw Pondexter T W, 2020

7th

Pugh S, 944 La ave nw Quonn Alfred M, 635 G 11 w Ray, ThosW, 934 V nw. Shaving and Hair cutting.
Reese Jno
J,

nw

Thomas D W, 615 14th sw Thomas Wm, 300 ^ 10th w Thomas Wilbur E, 325 7th se Toliver & Pratt, 910 4th nw Turner Geo W, 402 9th nw
11

Turner

Walker C B

H, 624 Pa ave nw cH: Ware, Geo 515

218 6th

nw

nth nw
Walker Ed, 491 Mo ave nw Washington <S: Drew, H st.
2d and 3d
bet

Ridgway Geo A, 821 E nw

Robinson G A, 132 1 F nw Robinson Henry, 1130 D sw Robinson M H, 320 Pa ave se x Robertson S A, 102 \ / nw 2 Robinson Scott, 637 N nw Ross Jas, 211 Va ave sw Saunders Jas H, 3206 M nw Saunders & Gaffney, 121433d nw H, St. James hotel Severson,

nw

Weaver

se 725 Wells, Lewis, 213 4 2 sw Williams Jno E, 943 D nw

1

E J,

Wilson J M D, 704 E nw Wilson Robt, 1934 14th nw

Windom Wm, ion E nw

Wm

22

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.
One of
AnStill

foreign governments with letters patent for his inventions.

his inventions, perhaps the

most conspicuous,

is

a truss

which has

been highly recommended by the U. S. Army Medical Board. other is a soldier's folding bed for tent and camp purposes.
another
is

a device for automatically shunting

is

moving railway trains;,

while another

for

rapidly stamping mail matter in the United

States Postal service.

one of the directors of the Industrial Building and Savings Company, and was one of the organizers and promoters of the

He

is

Capital

Savings Bank.

It

was largely through

his

wide and sub-

stantial credit in the business circles of the city that the

o-ained so

bank has
is

substantial a foothold in this community.

He

now

its

treasurer and

one of the directors.

On

one occasion, during the

severe financial strain felt by all the banks in this city in 1893, the Capital Savings Bank did not escape the pressure common to all of

them

and, at an hour

when danger seemed

particularly

imminent

to this institution, Mr. Bailey's personal credit at

one of the stronger

National Banks enabled him to

command

a large

sum immediately,

and thus

to

make

secure an enterprise whose failure would have

race.

affected the

commercial integrity of a whole

He is as influential in church and charitable circles as in business, having been for years on the official board of the Berean Baptist Church here, and also on the directory of the Manassas Industrial
School for Colored Youth, located at Manassas, Va. He was a member of the famous " Millie Gaines Jury," notable as
the
first

mixed jury ever impanelled

in

the

District

of

Col-

umbia.

He
in

is

a prominent and influential Mason, having served the craft

official positions.

many

has led in various directions an energetic, busy and successful career and being still in the prime of life, there is still ample evidence of many years of useful endeavor still before him. A race that produces such men as Leonard C. Bailey cannot be essentially

He

inferior.


UNION LEAGUE
DIRECTORY.
Repairing.

BICYCLES. Renting and

Bicycle Repair Co.

Illlll

Bingham, Benj 322 H sw Bingham, J P 729 3d sw

tlth Street.

.\.

W.

Dewey Cycle Repair

Co., 30th

&

BICYCLES CLEANED AND KEPT IN REPAIRS. $1 A MONTH. REPAIRING BY EXPERT REPAIRER. LEWIS PHILLIPS, MANAGER.

sts

nw

Freeman, Daniel Bicycle Repairing & Bicycle Sundries, 1516 14th st nw

Al.

Houston Warn,
1830 7TH STREET.
N.

W.

Walker, boot black stand,

Practical Bicycle and Hotel

Tray Enameling.
BICYCLE SUNDRIES AND REPAIRING.

& 0. depot Bicycles repaired and for rent.

opp. B.

Washington, Geo 306

Yancy, Matthews 402

All

work eruaranteed satisfactory.

G sw R nw

BLACKSMITHS and HORSE SHOERS.

Jerome
F}or?se

B. Blkins,
S.

JOHN THORNTON,

Blacksmith & Wheelwright.

Jubbing and Repairing.
712 6TH STREET,
S.

1343-1347 HALF ST.

W.

Shoeing

ir]

tr]e

best

W.

marker?.
Carriage and Wag-on Repairing".

Beverly Richard H, 4S1 K sw Chase Richard, 212 2d sw

Wrru M*

Samuel,

CARRIAGE and
HORSE SHOEING

WAGON
W.

Geo W, 717 Fla ave nw Hodge, Samuel Nichols ave

Chisell

REPAIRING.
A SPECIALTY.

Anacostia
Jefferson
sts

and Elkins, cor

/>

&

612
J. A.

TEUMBULL

ST., N.

sw

SLADE.

JNO. W. SLADE.

SLADE
Rear

BROS.,
N.W.

Madison Wm, 1107 4>< sw Mndd, Dallas Good Hope 2306 Champlain Piper, Bnrrel
ave nw Rose, John, rear 337 Mo ave Thompson Fred, 900 E sw

Blacksmiths&Horse Shoers
\ll\ C Street,

WAGON AND CARRIAGE REPAIRING.

Thompson, Jos 14th and C sw

24

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

DOUGLASS
Mr. McCary
is

B.

McCARY.

the efficient manager of one of the most ambitions enterprises ever undertaken by the colored citizens of Washington. He is cashier of the Capital Savings Bank of this city, and is said to have been the youngest bank cashier ever appointed in the city of Washington, having been appointed when but twenty-three years
old.

Although he came to this responsible position at that early he was, nevertheless, quite fully prepared, both by training age, and experience for the greater portion of the duties of the position. His father was city postmaster at Natchez, Miss., where young McCary was born in 1865 and at the age of fifteen, having had the foundation of a good English education in the schools of his native home, he was appointed to a clerkship in his father's office at Natchez, and one year later, was appointed mail agent, a very unusual
;

The fortunes (or misfortunes) of for a boy of his age. deprived him of his position in the postal service of the politics government, and the year 1887 found him in Washington, whither he had come with his parents and the rest of the family. He entered the Spencerian Business College here, taking the full course in book-keeping, banking and mathematics. He was, therefore, well
achievement
prepared to enter the service of the Capital Savings Bank in 1889 as He studied law at the Howard Uniits book-keeper and cashier.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

25

BOARDING
1

and

LODGING HOUSES

IMAAHCC lUUKt i>

54 C Street,

FIRST-CLASS BOARDING
N.
-

AND

LODGING HOUS&,
B.

W Near
-

&

O.

Depot

G. B.

MOORE,

PROPRIETOR.
nw

NEW YORK TRANSIENT

Grant, Patsy J 609 Pomeroy

BOARDING & LODGING HOUSE

2013 V-

&

2015 14th St., N.

W.

f^MrTu^V* nw Emma
T Johnson,
,

-^

208
_

B
-r>

Lunches

15c.

Meals 20

&

25c.

Lodging. 25

&

50c. -in

advance.

Lee,

Augustus Johnson, Manager.

Booker, Mrs M 1516 L nw P>rooks, \ns C< ra 222 B nw Brown, Francis 421 N J ave
Butler,

Lodging 220 Pa. ave nw Marshall, Mrs P E 1114 K nw Pearson, G A 102 \ A nw

X

Wm H

__

_ House,

Peters,

nw

Mrs S 2230 6th nw

Mrs Cora L 1916 nth nw Mrs 128 2d sw Richardson, Mrs B 1416 I nw

Pollard,

BOOKSTORES.

JOHN
506

fi.

WILLS,

SCHOOL AM) SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

Negro Authors Especially.
ELEVENTH STREET NORTHWEST,

BOOT BLACKS.

The

Al.

Walker Boot Blacking Stand

5TRICTL.Y H16H-CLA5S WORK.

The Latest Shades of Dressing mTar\ ar)d Russet Shoes Private Messenger Service.

MAIN STf\ND
Hamilton, Benj Russell, Chas 4th

B.

6c

O.
H

HOTEL.
T,

BICYCUE5 CLEANED, 5TORED AND REPAIRED.

Walker, Al

& G nw

Wood, Daniel nth

Op B & O dept & G nw

26
versity

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

Law

School, from which he graduated in 1898, having taken

the complete course, including the post-graduate course. He was appointed Notary Public for the District of Columbia by President
Cleveland, and reappointed by President VfcKinley.

Mr. McCary's tactful, intelligent and capable management of the

business of the Capital Savings Bank, has given
of acquaintances

him

a wide circle

among

the business

ington, and his personal standing

courtesies extended to

men of all among them is

classes in

Wash-

indicated by the
the business

him on public occasions where

men
is

of

Washington

control.

He

possesses an agreeable personality,

business-like in his methods, and

much
due

of the credit for the suc-

cess of the Capital Savings

to its interests.

Bank

is

to his

unswerving

fidelity

our youth of ability and character to thoroughly fit themselves for any position in life they think themselves competent to fill, and depend upon our progressive life to open up opportunities for them. When young McCary entered the Spencerian Business College to take a course in " banking,'' there was probably not a colored bank official in the United
facts of his life teach

The

There are now four banks owned and managed by colored States. men, and several colored clerks in the banks of our white friends. Mr. McCary is married and has a beautiful home, the nest of several
happy, bright-faced children.

Probably the most unique, and at the same time successful business enterprise, conducted by a
is

man

of our race in

Washington,
Service.

The
Mr.

Al.

Walker Boot Blacking Stands and Messenger

the
originator

Alfred H. T. Walker,

and

manager, has

several such stands with

two and four chairs each, giving employMr. Walker graduated from the

ment

to

from ten

to fifteen boys.

College of Pharmacy, city of

New

York, with such knowledge of

is

pharmacy and
plied his

practical chemistry as
to the

taught there, and has ap-

knowledge

manufacture of shoe dressings, dyes and

colorings, suitable to all kinds of leather.

These dressings, on

ac-

count of their superiority, have a large

sale,

not only to others en-

gaged

in

his line of business, but to the public generally,

and bid


UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY
27

BOTTLES. McDaniel
Alexander Alex, 18th & S nw Ashton Alfred, 1727 5th nw Ashton Chas, 15 13 15th ne Ashton H L, 313 A se Baker Mathew, 229 Pomeroy nw
Bolden Chas, 128 Pierce nw Brooks Richard C, 216 H sw
Bryant, Win., Anacostia Carter, Jas., O bet 6th & 7th nw Chambers Leonard, 214 7th ne Chambers Thos, 118 7th se Clinkings Matt, 317 9th ne H, 315 9th ne Clinkins Jr H, 307 9th ne Clinkins Sr Despeart Jas, 468 N nw Green Chas, 1747 L nw Harris Jno A, 76 Fenton ne Idelle Chas, 1223 N J ave se Jackson Henry, 410 10th se Jackson Roland T, 2268 8th nw James Jos, 1249 Madison nw Lucas A, 213 7th ne Lucas Frank, 323 G sw

Mrs Fannie, 1106

K nw

BRICKLAYERS
LucasWm
Lucas John, 213 7th ne H, cor 14th Hartford ne H, 217 H sw Lucas Mao-ruder John D, 2460 P nw Magruder Jos H, 2722 P nw Mathews B P, 136 E sw Monday Edward, 1327 Blad'ng- rd Nelson Charles, 423 Oak nw Newton Samuel. 329 4^ sw Palmer John, 176 6th se Palmer Louis, 47 G sw

Wm

Wm Wm

nw ave near Price, Scott, Charles W, Anacostia D C Scott, Joseph E.. 2319 7th St.,
nw.. Contractor. Southall Geo W, 628 N nw Taylor John, 16th extended Taylor John, 1136 16th nw Thomas, John I; Ivy City D C Tylor Edward, 526 3rd sw Vessells, Chas, Dumbarton ave White Abraham, 713 4th nw Young Henry, 225 F se

NH

111 BUG U
LOCATED IN THE
..

SAVINGS COMPANY.

ESTABLISHED IN 1885. Fifteen years of uninterrupted growth.

Capital Savings
Open from

Bank
m.

Building,

609 F

St.,

N. W.

8.30 a.

to 5 p.

m. every week day.

SAVE YOUR MONEY.

Earnings saved
of investment.

little

small sums REGULARLY accumulate rapidly by our system The best possible profits combined with absolute security. saved each month will soon enable you to
in
''
I

STOP PAYING RENT,

Payments on

PURCHASE PROPERTY, BUY A HOME, GO INTO BUSINESS.

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS.

or

We
LEWIS

stock one dollar a month. Half shares 50c. a month. also issue Special Certificates which bear interest at 5 per cent, per
H.

annum.

r 0BT. H. TERRELL. VICE-PRESIDENT. DOUGLASS, PRESIDENT. PIERRE. TREASURER. iOll.. A HENRY E. BAKER. SECRETARY. A.S.GRAY, W. V. TUNNELL. W.S.MONTGOMERY. J.D.BALTIMORE, L.C.BAILEY. REV. GEO. W. LEE. J. A. JOHNSON.

28
fair

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

to

come

into general use.

for

He makes
ladies/

a specialty of keeping in

stock
shoes.

all

the latest shades

children's

and gentlemen's

Being a thoroughly reliable business man, he has dignified a

not considered proper for a
introduce
in

calling heretofore

man

of education.

He

is

the

first

to

Washington

this business
to

on such
be copied

a high

scale,

and his success has caused his methods

by the other

race.

THE

AL.

WALKER BOOT BLACKING STANDS AND

SENGER SERVICE.
Main Stand
Opp. B.
is

MES-

&

O.

Depot.

His Private Messenger Service

meeting with great success.

He

also keeps a fine line of bicycles for rent,

trains,

and persons coming in on

This enterprise, and
a

with

little

time, can be quickly served.

to business, assure

his

strict

attention
call

him

handsome income.

Give him a

when

in that neighborhood.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.
111-113

29

CABINET MAKER. Stewart A J,

CARPENTERS.
ALBERT IflClHTOSH & CO.,

B ne

Contractors
1

and Builders,

936 F Street Northwest, " Res. 1708 2 10th n.w. Real Estate and Note Brokers. Insurance and Loans of all kinds.

Joseph. Manning,
Carpenter and 928 E Street,
Builder,
S.

Edgar, 735 Marshall Karnes B P, 136 B sw Braxton C B, 2124 nth nw Brown T, 28th & Dumb'n ave Colbert Edwin N, 213 12th ne Foster Jno, 2710 Poplar Henderson, W, Georgetown
Ball,

W.

Jackson Beverly, 403 Wilson nw Jackson Chapman, 2209 9th ext Jackson George, 1320 35th nw

Key

B, 1203

se
J.

GOOD WORK GUARANTEED AT MODERATE PRICES

Thos. D. Manning, 440 8th st. sw Carpenter and Builder. Estimates Furnished.

Langster Win, 1124 NMabre Benj J, 1102 3rd

ave

nw

Manning Joseph,
Marshall J E,

cont'r 928

E sw

1131 18th

nw

Wesley Adams,
1

Murphy Rev Edgar, 2706 Olive Norman Wm N, 820 10th nw

107 Third Street, N.

W.

Carpenter, Builder and Odd Job Work.

Drop me a postal
card.

Peebles, Oscar Pryor Charles R, 704 East Cap Reeder, Jacob L, Douglass hotel Scott, Jesse, Lincoln nr 6th

Sewall, Lewis Jr, 28th

STEWART, ^Builder and Loans^

W. A.
CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC. COR. 12TH & R STREETS NORTHWEST. PHONE 2481-5.

D, cor 10th & Steward Stotts David C, 315 H sw

&M
V

Terrell, Fenton, 1146 6th ne

Washington Waters G P,

Wm,
1710

1338 29th
iotli

nw

Young Daniel W,

3 Pierce alley

CARPET CLEANING.

Delaware Carpet Cleaning Works,

MAKE AND LAY CARPETS.
FURNITURE REPAIRED AND MOVED.
1463

MADISON.

GEO.

R..

ROBINSON.

30

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

MR.

HENRY

E.

BAKER

is one of the most useful men in Washington. His life stands out in strong contrast to that of so many of our educated colored men who have come to Washington, obtained positions in the government service, and shriveled up so far as public usefulness is concerned. He is an active member of the Berean Baptist Church, being its treasurer, an office he has held for several

years.

For ten years he has been secretary, the executive officer, of the Industrial Building and Savings Company, and a director of the
Capital Savings Bank.
spirit,

His most notable characteristic is his public having been connected with almost every well directed move-

ment in this city for the last fifteen years, looking to the betterment of the condition of his race, especially in the matter of opening up business opportunities for them. The estimation in which he is held by those who know him best is attested by the fact that
he
is almost invariably called to the position of treasurer in every organization of which he is a member. Born just before the war in

Columbus,

Miss.,

he attended the public schools of his

home and

also

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

CARPET CLEANING. Continued.

W.W.GRYMES.

W. W.

GRYMES
(Jarpet

<&

SON,

H.E.GRYMES

)ckington

jSteam

Cleaning

Morks,

12 Keating Avenue, Northeast.

for Cleaning and Dusting Valuable Carpets and Rugs. have an entirely new process in washing carpets and rugs which enables us to make them look equal to new. Carpets made over and relaid in the best posFurniture, Mirrors, China, and Pictures packed for shipment. sible manner. Unpacking, repairing and setting up household furniture.

The Latest Machine

We

Carpet Cleaning

Works

513

K nw

Green T M W, Sumner ave Johnson E, 923 nth nw

Twyman James, Si 2 10th Toler John, 2321 G nw

nw

CATERERS, ETC.
J.

A.

GRAY.

JR.

GRAY
Wedding

<&

BRO.,
foieawi
^/fic -ano

S.J.GRAY.

v?ae4,eb& } v^on/ecfacneib a?icl >Jce

facta tt

i&

Odd Fellows'
Dinner
Parties,

Hall, 1606

M
.

St., N.

W.

Receptions, Suppers, Etc Single Dishes Furnished.

Served on Short Notice.

Terrapin, Croquettes, Salads, and Oysters a Specialty. Cafe and Banquet Hall.

MURRAY'S CfVFB, ISOO I4TH STREET.

and Fitted in Modern Style. Oysters served in all styles. Fancy Ice Creams, Salads, and Delicacies of the season. Parties from Theatres, Concerts, etc.. given special attention.
Reeently Opened

SPACIOUS DINING ROOMS.

Receptions, Weddings, Dinners, etc., catered to in the most approved form. Meals served by the order or month. Meal tickets sold. ICE CREAM AND OYSTERS. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

Beckett Mrs A,

mo 19th nw
nw
nth nw
D, 802

Galvin Ella, 1215 N. Y. ave

Diggs F,

1 1

25 19th

Edmundson Win
Fisher Mrs, 2518

Gray Bros, 1606 M nw Gray John A sr, 1505 M nw

P nw

32
the

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORYuntil 1875,

Gen. Grant

when he was appointed by Naval Academy. He passed the entrance examination at Annapolis, and was admitted into the Naval Academy as cadet midshipman in 1875, where he remained nearly two years. In 1877, he was appointed " copyist" in the U. S. Patent Office where he is at present employed, and where he was promoted, through the several intervening; grades, to the position of Second He attended the BenAssistant Examiner at $1,600 per annum. Hyde Benton School of Technology in this city from 1877 to I ^79i en ~ tered the law department of Howard University in 1879, graduating in 1881, at the head of his class, and from the post-graduate course in
Columbus Union Academy,
to a cadetship at the U. S.

1883.

He was
letta

married in May, 1893, at Lexington, Ky, to Miss VioK. Clark, of Detroit, Mich., who graces a cozy home at 2348,
n.

6th street,

w.

THE FIRST COLORED DENTIST.

educated colored man to practice dentistry in WashingHe had worked for Dr. H. B. ton was Dr. Robert T. Freeman. Noble, then as now, one of the leading dentists of Washington. His office was on the north side of Pennsylvania Ave., between nth and 12th, in the same building with Ulke, the photographer; probably the

The

first

same building now occupied by Gait, the jeweler. Dr. Freeman graduated from the Harvard Dental School in 1868, and practiced up to the time of his death, June 14, 1873. After him, so far as known, T alter S. there was no colored dentist in Washington until Doctors Over and Lofton graduated from Howard and began practice, both of them with signal success thus laying the foundation for that confidence in the ability and skill of the colored dentist which now makes conditions better for the others who have followed them.

WILLIAM

S.

LOFTON,

D. D.

S.,

was born in Batesville, Arkansas, in 1862, and at the age of three years was brought to Washington by his parents. They determined, After attending the pubif possible, to give him a good education. lic schools of Washington, he entered the Spencerian Business ColHe proved himself a student lege, graduating therefrom in 1886. of no little depth, and it was decided to fit him by a thorough course

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

CATERERS,

ETC Continued.
Rose Win H, 1026
21st n\v

Howard Mrs Lavinia, 7294111 iiw Jackson Mrs A, 1919 L nw

Lowry M S, 1002 iSth nw Mathews Sophia, 316 2nd ne

Thomas

Lewis, 217

Capitol ne

West Mrs Emma,

12th

& H nw

CIGARS.
ESTABLISHED
1891.

Y.

ACUILAR,
Branch
:

r Cuban Cigar Manufacturer i Importer of Leaf Tobacco,

340 Penna. Ave., N.

W.

No.

17,

4th

St.,

N. E.

CLOTHING.

P.
WITH

f\.

DIGKSON,

LOEB & COMPANY. CLOTHING, FURNISHINGS. HATS AND TAILORING, 621 PENNA. AVENUE, N. W.

COAL and WOOD.

(See

Wood and

Coal.)

CONFECTIONERY SHOPS, BOARDING,

Mrs. Sarah Cowan, 2211 7th

Etc.

nw

Table Board.

Pies, Cakes,

Miss Eliza Johnson, 623 Pomeroy st nw. Confectionery,

Lunches.
Mrs. P.
J.

Confectionery.

Lunches and Boarding.

Grant, 609

Pomeroy

Henry

Sales,

Douglass Hall,
Dealer in

street,

nw.

Confectionery.

Hillsdale, D. C.

Boarding and Lodging.

Andrews Mrs
C, 144 Pierce

C0Ilf6Cli0Qenj, CigafS aitf NOtiQQS.

nw

Arington E 703 5th se Armstead Mrs Lucinda, 611 L sw Bradley Robt, 92 ]/ Fenton ne 2

Brockinburgh Mrs E, 1031 yl nw

Brown

Tolison, 7th

Brown

Wm Knox, 205 L nw

& Massavne
nw

Bruce J D, 206 Reeves Court

34

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

Having entered Howard University, he graduated in dental surgery in the class of 1888, a classmate of the late Dr. Walter S. Over, dentist. He immediately began the practice of his profession, and has become one of the most successful practitioners of dentistry in this city. His dental establishment at No. 1543 street, 11. w., is one of the most elegantly appointed in
of training for a profession.

M
is

Washington.
tical

It

contains

all

the latest improved facilities for prac-

dentistry, with

many

rare

furnishings of artistic ornamenta-

tion.

He

a student of his profession, as his well-fitted

testifies.

and much

used library on the subject of dentistry fully

WILLIAM

S.

LOFTON,

D. D. S.

In 1891 Howard University, his alma mater, conferred upon him the honor of Demonstrator in Prosthetic Dentistry, which position he held until 1893, resigning the same on account of his increasing prac-

He is patronized by both races and is busy the year round; is acknowledged by all to be both enterprising and public spirited, and bids fair to become one of the most noted of our professional men in Washington. Dr. Lofton is a member of the Board of Trade and has
tice.

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

33

CONFECTIONERY SHOPS, BOARDING, Etc. Continued.

Burnett, Daniel, 816 2nd sw Butler, Mrs E J, 1822 E nw Caldwell, Jno W, 748 i2'_. se Campbell, Stewart, 4i5Wils'n Carroll, Frank, 1319 C se Carter, Chas, 237 L nw Carter, Sarah, 2003 8th nw Couzzins, Rosa, 320 K sw Davis, Mrs Ada, 304 P sw Davis, John, 2213 7th nw Ellis, Archer, 1607 12th nw Epkins, Fannie, 722 2d sw
Jones, David, 4th ec Wilson nw Jones, Jno, 711 6th sw Jordan, George, 219 G sw H, 1019 4th nw Landriek, Miner, Sarah, 1001 U nw Newton, Richard, no Pierce nw Rice, Chas, 72S Del ave sw A, 1233 10th Richardson, L nw Schuler, Henry, 615 Scott, Amelia J, 228 13th ne Scott, Charlotte, 121 18th ne Spencer, James E, 1245 5 tn nw

nw

Wm

MrsW

>

Faunteroy, Mrs B, 2454 P nw Gant, Miss M, 919 U nw Garner, Wm, 451 I nw Gatewood, Frances, 2020 7th nw Grant, Patsy J, 607 Pomeroy st Green, Mrs Thos, 472 L sw Hardy, Henry, 624 Del ave sw Hamilton, Ella, 332 15th se Hyman, Mrs J B, 1618 6th nw, cigars and house-hold goods Jenkins, Chas B, 1229 C se

sw David C, 315 Taylor, Henry, 2226 8th nw Thomas, Chas, 738 ioth nw Thomas, Sarah M, 1029 3d nw Tubman, Jno, 2309 Ch'lain av nw sw Washington, Mrs L, 13? Westray, W, 114 L sw White, Jas, 1276 2d sw
Stotts,

WM. KNOX BROWN, 205 L Street.

N. W.

Cigars. Confectionery. Etc.

GENERAL CONTRACTOR.

LEWIS JEFFERSON, m1

Firsi St

>

s W.
-

Excavating, Building; Remodeling", Plastering and Painting Done.

Houses and Lots
for sale

on time.

Unimproved Ground
by the car
load.

for sale cheap.

Stable

Manure

for sale

Pure Bone Meal by the ton.

Lawns supplied

with rich

soil.

Coal for sale by the ton.

Bring

all

of your Black-smith

work

to

Jefferson

&

Elkin's

^ &O

sts.

sw

36

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.
in the patriotic

often been selected as a

committeeman

and

political

events of Washington.
active

He is a

director of the Capital Savings Bank,

the president and founder of the Washington Dental Society, and an

member of many of the benevolent societies of Washington. His success has been won, in spite of hostile conditions, by fidelity to his chosen profession and by conscientious, pains-taking work.

To show
and
it,

that success awaits any of our youth

who have

ability

will

fit

we

offer

themselves for their work, and then devote themselves to another example
:

ANDREW JACKSON GWATHNEY,

is

D.

I).

S.,

the son
at

of Robinson

1862,

Stevensville,

and Hannah Gwathney. Born May 13, King and Queen Co., Va., he attented the

district; took a three-years' course at the npton Institute, and went from there to Portland Conn., where mmeueed the study of dentistry under Prof. H. B. Ober. From lie there he went to Boston, Mass., and continued the study and practice

public schools of that

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

37

CONTRACTORS and BUILDERS.

Anderson, John, Sumner ave

Wm

Mark A, 213 Orial court Brown Wm, 238 Orial court

Bell,

C H & Bro, Takoma Manning, Thos, 436 8th sw Morris, Peter, 1137 C ne
Harris,

E Cruse & Colbert, Jos F, 413 E ne & 210 13th se Duckett, E H, 143 A ne Ellis, Jno H, 710 23d nw Frazier, Bazil, Howard ave Gray, Jas, 225 14th ne

Scott, Jos E, 2319 7th

Stewart, A, 12th & Builder and Loans.

nw R

nw.

Taylor, Dennis, 1242 Wylie ne Thomas, H, 909 nth nw Young, Wm, 1152 20th nw

CUTLER.

WM.

H.

MYERS,
604 D STREET,
N.

Cutlery around f Re
W.

RESIDENCE, 308 3D STREET.

S.

W.

DAIRY.
PORE

MILK and CREAM

from He TENALLYTOWN FARM.

S4HTTART
D. C.
J.

M.

SAUNDERS.

Saunders, J M, Tenly'twn

DC

Willis,

Mrs H, 1602 Erie nw

DANCING ACADEMIES.
Bel'mt Pleasure Club, 438 1st sw LaTosca PPsure Club, 430 8th nw

The Conservatory

of Music, 12th

& R nw

DENTISTS.

11
No.

s.

1543

in, M

Street, Northwest.
929-4a.

puis,

TELEPHONE,

Crown
Without good teeth there cannot
:

a.nd Bridge

Work

Specialty.

Natural Roots Crowned.

!>< thorough masti cation, without thorough masti cation there cannot be perfect digestion; without perfect digestion cannot be proper assimilation; without ]>n iper assimilation there cannot be nutrition; without nutrition there cannot be health; without health what is life ? Hence the paramount importance if the teeth. AM PREPARED TO OFFER MY PATRONS SUPERIOR ADVANTAGES IN ARTIFICIAL TEETH. GOOD WORK. GOOD MATERIAL. RELIABLE. PRICES MODERATE.
<

3&

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

of dentistry under Prof.

tered

I. Solomon. He came to Washington, enHoward University Dental College October i, 1890, and graduated April, 1892, at the head of his class. He commenced the

practice of his profression in the District of Columbia, in the fall

of 1890, and because of his previous preparation in Connecticut and in Boston, was kept busy with his practice even while perfecting himself

built
this

along certain lines at Howard. Since his graduation he has up a large practice and has won for himself a reputation in

community

as a skillful, conscientious dentist that

anyone may

be proud of

a reputation that has leaped the bounds of Washington

and brings him patients from distant places. Dr. Gwathney has been a member of the Dental Faculty of Howard University, Demonstrator in charge of the Dental Infirmary and Lecturer on Crown and Bridge work. He, also, is very public spirited as is the case with all of our successful men, and is a member of several organizations. He is a prominent member of the True Reformers, treasurer of the National Benefit Association and Vice President of the Washington Dental Society. His success has been fairly won and blazons the way for others. There is no longer any need for any one to risk the torture and dangers of irresponsible Dental Companies since there are not only these two but eight other thoroughly equipped dentists, each
of

whom
The

has a personal reputation at stake.

is

success of the colored dentist

assured.

MR. GEO. W. MARTIN.

Mr. Geo. W. Martin, one of the most successful, progressive and public spirited of our younger men in business, was born in Washington in 1872. He is a son of Mr. Geo. Martin, now of the State Department and a nephew of Dr. Thomas Martin. He was educated
in the public schools, has

in the departments

been employed as a laborer and messenger and taught school in Maryland for two years. He resigned and went into business in Georgetown in 1898, at 3149 Dumbarton Avenue, where he opened, in a small way, a modest but
business like cafe.
cafe, a
fine

By

strict

attention to business, honest, square

He now owns, besides barber shop with four chairs, and a billiard parlor the with two tables. His customers in the cafe and in the billiard-room
dealing, his business has prospered greatly.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

39

DENTISTS Continued.
Hours. Mon.. Wed. &
Fri..

a.

to
1

5
p.

p.

m.

Hours. 9 a

to

6 p m.

Hours. Tue.. Thu. & Sat. 9

a.

m. to

m.

Dr. D.

W.

Onley,
Surgeon Dentist,
Cor. 5th

Dr. T. A. Campbell,
Surgeon Dentist,

& D

Sts.. S. E.

421 3rd
Office Hours.

St., S.

W.

to

12 a

m1

to

5p

IN
DR.

MEMORIAM.
1ST.

Dr. C. Clifford Fry,

Surgeon Dentist.

WALTER S. OVER, SURGEON DENTIST,

423
ST.
S. E.
16, 1860.

2728 P

Street, N. W.

Died May 19, 1896. Tour skill, ability and character did much to establish confidence in the Colored Dentists.
Mar.

Bom

Dr. A. C. Garrott,
Surgeon Dentist,

Dr.

Hamilton

S.

Smith,
Place, N. W.

Surgeon Dentist.

1524 Pierce

2358

Sixth Street, N.

W.
Extractions Without Pain.

Office Hours.

to

12 a
J.

m /

to

4 p

Children's

Work

a Specialty.

Dr.

Andrew

Gwathney,

Dr. Alice

M. Waring,
Surgeon Dentist,

Dentist,

1517 11th Street Northwest

518 T

Street, N. W.

Dr.

Wm.

E. Hamilton,
Surgeon Dentist,

Dr c Sumner Wormley,
Surgeon Dentist.

1734 V Street, N. W.

997

Florida Ave.. N.

W.

DINING and LUNCH ROOMS.

Central Dining
Oysters
in

Rooms
all

Central Dining Room,

E.

FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.

TIGNOR. PROPRIETOR.
1213 E STREET, N. W.

every style. Meals served at

hours.

Meals and lunches

at all hours.

231 4' 2 Street, S.

W.

Open from

5.30 a.

m.

to 9 p.

m.

MRS.

S. A.

BUCKMAN. PROPRIETOR.

Sundays from

6 to 10.30 a.

m.

40
are largely

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

rights shop.

races. His barber shop is a civil younger brother, Arthur Martin, he has opened another barber shop. May success be theirs.

made up from both

For
his

The very lucrative business of the dressmaker has by no means escaped the evolutionary process common to all business. Such is now the decree of fashion that every well dressed woman must have
one or more gowns modeled by a Man-Tailor.
tunity which this situation offered,

Seeing the oppor-

MR.
a
tailor,

A.

STEWART WEST,

ment

possessing artistic taste, opened a ladies' tailoring establishin 1896. The business was a success from the start. In 1898 he

married Mrs. Emma Peck, a dressmaker with a large number of wealthy customers. Mrs. West is a woman who possesses unusual skill in designing and draping. Their business has steadily grown, and is circumscribed only by their inability to secure competent help. As it is, he gives employment to from six to eleven persons. His business goes well up into the thousands annually. Mr. West was born in Washington in 1865. He learned the business of a tailor in Brussels, Belgium, and worked in New York and Boston before starting business in Washington. He is located at
1502, 15th street, n. w.

THE FIRST COLOSED DRUGGIST.

drug store in Washington, kept by a colored man, was that kept by Mr. James T. Wormley, on the on the corner of L and Connecticut Avenue. Previous to or about that time Dr. Sumby kept a drug store in South Washington, but it
Probably the
first

fully equipped

was not fully equipped. The stock carried was small. In 1880 Mr. H. H. Kelly, a native of Jamaica, West Indies, began to work for Mr. Beller, the druggist, at the corner of 16th and M, northwest.
course in pharmacy, he graduated at and immediately opened a first-class drug store, at 1543, M street. Mr. Kelly conducted this business successfully until At the drug store of Mr. Beller, a white man, and at Kelly's, 1895. most of the now successful colored druggists of Washington got that practical experience, without which they could not have obtained the license to keep a drug store. Everyone of them is a thorough graduate in Pharmacy and has

After taking a thorough

Howard

in 1886,

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

41

DINING and LUNCH ROOMS Continued.

Chas. Fisher,

Restaurant,
W.

Delmonico Cafe,
WALLACE JONES. PROP.
<

209 4' 2 Street, S.

)ysters served in every style.

First-class meals served.

Oysters and everything

in season.

Families supplied by pint, qt. or gal. Meals and lunches of all kinds.
405 4' 2 Street, S.

W.

Geo. W, Harris,

C.

Washington, Lunch Room,

12 1 6 ist
st. s\v.

DINING ROOM,
MEALS AND LUNCHES
AT ALL HOURS.

hours.

Oysters,

Meals Fish

at all

and

Game

in every style.

1543 M STREET.

N.

W.

Bland, James, Prop. Mt. Vernon Cafe, 1212 7th nw

Harry

J. Harris,

bl8

Street. S.

W.

Lunch Hoom,
Meals and lunches at all hours. Board at special rates by the week or month.

Brown, Francis, 421 nw.

Carey

J ave

Brown, Mrs Robt R, 1530 12th

&

Robertson, 115

4'..

nw nw

Contee, Edward, 105 6th

nw

Mrs. Lucy Hodge,

Dining and Lunch Rooms,
Meals at and
all

Cooper, Chas, 1321

D nw

Dent, SJ, 301 3rd sw Dudley, Mrs L, 624 3rd sw

hours, between
432

7 a.

m.

12 o'clock

midnight.

Gray &
Harris,

Bro.,

1606

st

nw

Street, N.

W.

See caterers.

H J,
F,
1

61S
2th

John Edward Laing, Dining and Lunch Room, Ladies &

Gents.

Hill,

K sw & C nw
se

1837 7th

st.

nw

Homstead, Win, 1105 3rd

Moore, Greenbery B, 54 C
caterers.
Rickett, Geo, 200

nw

Martin's Cafe,
3149

Murray, E, 1800 14th nw. See

Dumbarton Ave.
hours.

Meals week up.

at all

Board from S2 per

all styles.
r

L nw
13^ nw
se

Oysters in

Polite attention. This is the Onh firstclass house in Georgetown where our race can be served.

Ridgeley, Henry, 315

Scott, Silas, 515

Your patronage

is solicited.

Woody, Williams, 300 8th sw

"

42

UNION LEAGUE
in a

DIRECTORY.
store as required

had the practical experience are competent in every way.

cessful

drug
of

bylaw. They

Some

them have

built

up very

suc-

business establishments and have

won

the

confidence of

physicians and the public generally to a remarkable degree, considering all the unfavorable conditions with which they are surrounded.

Two of them are applying their knowledge of pharmacy and chemistry in a practical way to the manufacture of proprietary
medicines.

DR.
corner 3rd and

LEROY HARRIS,
southwest, has prepared and put upon the
find

streets,

market several
" Harris'

articles

which

ready

sale,
all

one in particular,

over the country. The writer was in his store some weeks since, when Dr. Harris showed him a number of money orders received, from widely sepa-

New

Blood Tonic," has a wide sale

"New Blood Tonic. Since the colored druggist, like the colored dentist, has won his way by sheer force of ability into the confidence of the people and is now a fixture in our business life, this chapter should not be closed without giving a short sketch of the successful career of one of the most prominent of our druggists, one who has a fully equipted points, to pay for orders for his

ped store and a large stock of drugs and druggist's sundries.

DR.

GEORGE

H.

CARDOZO, DRUGGIST,

corner 12th and

He

R streets, northwest, was born in Charleston, S. C. graduated from the Normal Department of Howard University From in 1S83, and from the Pharmaceutical College in 1891. 1885 to 1894, he was employed as a clerk in the War Department in Washington, but worked evenings and holidays in a drug store to gain that practical experience which was necessary to thoroughly equip him for success in his business. He makes a specialty of compounding physician's prescriptions, and is highly recommended by the profession because of his experience, well-known caution, and lastly, because he dispenses only the best quality of medicines. Dr. Cardozo, also, is a manufacturer of several proprietary prepaQueen Pomade," for the hair, which is probably tions, notably his
' :

sold as extensively as any hair preparation in Washington.

He

is

regularly registered pharmacist, and

is

assisted

by

his brother, Wil-

liam Cardozo, also a registered pharmacisi.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

43

DRESSMAKERS.
Mrs. Rosa B. Alexander,
Dressmaker,

Mrs. M. A. Tancil,
Dressmaker.

21

1 1

Penna. Ave.,

989

Florida Ave.

Bet. 21st

& 22d

Sts.

Helen
Mrs. M.
J.

C- Smith,
Dressmaker and
Tailor,

Cabaniss,
Dressmaking,
Expert Tailoring.

626 3d

Street,

N. E.

920 11th

Street, N. W.

Livingston Dress Cutting

L. Stewart

West,

and Making School,

Mrs
L. R.

Clarke, Manager.

LADIES TAILOR.

1439

Street. N. W.

1502 15th

Street, N. W.

Carrie A. Peebles,
Modiste,

Allen, Lucinda, 826 3rd

sw

1014 D

Street,

E.

Henrietta Ross,
Modiste,

128 10th Street, S.E.

America, Sadonia, 71 Hue Archer, Mary, 504 22nd uw Barksdale, Fannie L, 615 L nw Bell, Ida, 600 2nd sw B J, 1815 Vt ave nw Bolden, Bowie, Hattie, 727 22d nw Brooks, Mamie J, 704 East capst Brown, Anita, 14th & Bou'y nw Brown, Charlotte E, 623 Ar'r ne Brown, Emma G, 345 F sw Brown, Misses, 111 L nw

Mm

A. E. Smith,
Dressmaking,

Butler, Mamie, 143 L nw Carter, Ellen B, 122 F sw Carter, Hattie, 1217 C se Colbert, Rachael A, 210 13th se Collins, Jose'ne, 2018 Vt ave nw
Street, N. W.
1 2th near U nw Cresemon, Dora E, 225 14th ne

Combs,
Price Moderate.

1640 10th

44

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

One
of the most successful mechanics in Washington of any race,
is

always busy because he is always reliable, is MR. WILLIAM A. JOHNSON, the Electrician and Locksmith, whose place of business

man who

is

at 710,

street, n. w.

Mr. Johnson was born of slave parents in Washington in 1835, and has resided here ever since. He was thoroughly taught the trade of a Scientific and Mathematical Instrument maker, under Mr. Owen H. Bester, who did much work for the Government at that time. When freedom came to the District in 1862, young Johnson, who had for several years hired his own time, had about finished paying On gaining his freedom he showed those sterling qualfor himself.
ities,

which for thirty-eight years have won for him success in life, despite his adverse environment, and immediately went into busiHe has, as it were, almost grown up with the ness for himself. great development of electrical apparatus and has kept pace with He can make and repair this marvelous development, step by step. any kind of electrical instrument or apparatus, and is an expert in unraveling the mysteries of electric bells, electric lighting, etc. Mr. Johnson is the inventor of a lightning rod which is largely used on Government buildings in Washington and elsewhere, because it has stood the Government's test for efficiency. His rods are to be seen on two of the largest buildings at the Catholic University, the Soldiers' Home, the Insane Asylum, and many buildings of Mr. Johnson's the Annapolis Navy Yard are protected by them. advice to our young men is " Do go to work at some trade and stick to it until it is thoroughly mastered, then do your best and never ask or accept work as colored men, but as competent, re:

liable

workmen."

Another successful Washingtonian in business is Mr. Chas. P. who has behind him a long line of Washington ancestors who were successful house painters before the war. Mr. Goines' business is flour, feed, lime and fuel of all kinds, 12th & R sts., n.w.
Goines,

One

of the oldest business establishments in

Washington of any

race, is that of

WM.

H.

LEE,

This street, northwest, Georgetown. dealer in " feed," at 2906 business was started by Alfred Lee, father of Win. H., about 1830. Win. H. grew up in the business, succeeded his father and made a He died in 1893, leaving a prospergreat success of the business. ous business and a large estate. The business is now conducted by his widow, Mrs. Rachel E. Lee and a son, who manages a branch store at 209 12th street, n. w.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

45

DRESSMAKERS Continued.
Dangerfield, Sa'h L, 113S 3d nw Day, Alexander, 942 24th nw Diggs, Bertha, 311 N C ave se Dillard, Emma, 12 10 B ne Dyer, R, 1030 3rd sw Gandy, Harriet, 1921 E Gillem, Gertrude, 2022 10th Golden, Mary V, 1235 Linden ne Hamilton, Georgiana, 1734

Vnw
I

Hansbrough, Bertha B, 416

Harris, Harris, Harris, Harris,
Celestine, 322 E Eliza, 322 E sw

nw

sw

Lucinda, 2309 7th nw Heath, Annie, 1106 K nw Holmes, Louisia T, 628 N nw nw Howe, J. T, 1439 Hughes, Susan, 408 21st nw Johnson, Jerome A, 1739 K nw Jones, Rebecca, 716 Fla ave nw Kelly, Belle, Spruce nw King, Lillie, 813 23rd nw Kirkland, Mary, 1106 B ne Lee, Robert E, 2017 Vt ave nw Lewis, Minnie E, 503 20th nw Liverpool, Lena, 745 5th se Loyd, Katie, 2313 7th nw nw Lucas, H L 1435

Lavinia, 733

nth nw

Nelson, Mary, 120 Pierce nw Nero, Minnie, 49 L nw Park, 1622 Corcoran nw Perkinson, Myles, 24 Mass ave ne Pierce, Susie, 640 Mass ave ne nw Ragland, Esther, 925 Scott, Grace, 1938 nth nw Sharp, Ida, 31 L nw Sheppard, L'y, 1106 Conn ave nw Shields, Mrs, 22nd near E nw Shorter, Helen, 810 23rd nw & Adams st, Hillsdale Sinclair, Smallwood, Mine J A., 1513 Mad-

ison

nw

Miles, Nettie, 414 I nw Morris, Fannie, 24 C ne Morris, Jennie B, 1137 C ne

nw Tasco, Charlotte, 909 Taylor, Laura A, 1406 C se Taylor, Lucy, O near 17th nw Thomas, C j, 300 I se Thompson, A E, 1124 16th nw nw Tilghman, A M, S06 Tunie, L, 1108 19th nw A, 122 D sw Tyler, Urguhart, L, 1S29 Vt ave Van Brakle, Tamar, 19108th nw Warren, Janie, 991 Fla ave nw Wells, R, 918 4th nw White, Emma, 713 4th nw Wilkins, Mary E, 610 L nw Williams, Alice, 182 1 15th nw Willis, E, 103 1 19th nw Winsten, Annie, 1202 yi D se

DRUGGISTS.

HARRIS'

NEW BLOOD
-HAS

TONIC
IT.

CURED OTHERS OF

Rheumatism, Impure Blood, Eczema, and all affections of the Skin, Kidneys, Liver, Spleen, Stomach, Etc.

AND WILL CURE YOU. TRY

MANUFACTURED BY

HARRIS CHEMICAL COMPANY W. F Corner Third

a^nd
Streets,
S.

46

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

Without doubt the most successful colored grocer in Northwest Washington, is

MR.
at

R. E.
in

HAMMOND,
Anne Arundel
Co., Md., in 1852, of

1634
a

nth

street.

Born

free parents,

he received

little

schooling, but has

managed

to pick

up

comon

school education.

He began

life as

a farmer

and made

it before he left the farm to go to Baltimore in 1875, to take charge of the grocery and produce business there, which he

a success of

had been interested

interest in the farm,

in

for

some

time.

He

retained, however, his

which he holds to this day. He sold out this came to Washington, having in the meantime married Miss Mary Anthony, a school teacher from New Bedford, Mass. He bought his present place in 1882 and began in the grocery business again. He has steadily prospered. His wagons deliver goods to any part of the city.
business in 1881, and

Perhaps fifteen per cent, of his regular customers are white. Mr. Hammond has been singularly successful in winning the trade of his own race. His testimony is, that, if the colored merchant keeps what his people want, sells it to them in the way they want to buy it, and as cheap as his competitors, his people will patronize him. Mr. Hammond's message to our youth is, " Go into business, eschew pleasure and attend to your business, and there is no doubt of vour success.'"

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

47

DRUGGISTS. Continued.

Cardozo's PhaLi-me^cy,
1201

W.

B.

GALES, SOLE PROPRIEROR.

Street. N.

W.

Gales'

Pharmacy
A

Physicians' Prescriptions a Specialty.

PRESCRIPTIONS

SPECIALTY.

Telephone

2481-5.

FAMILY MEDICINES. DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. A FULL LINE OF HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES. PATENT MEDICINES AND TOILET ARTICLES.

Geo. W. Murray,
(TEN YEARS WITH TSCHIFFELY & EVANS.)

PRESCRIPTIONS CAREFULLY COMPOUNDED DAY AND NIGHT.

Nichols Ave.,

ArvaLCOstia, D. C.

PHARMACIST.
COR. 2D & D STS.,
S.

W.

PRESCRIPTIONS CAREFULLY COMPOUNDED.

A FULL LINE OF TOILET ARTICLES.

W.

L.

SMITH,
Druggist,

Prescriptions a Specialty.

Open day and

night.

7th

& Pomeroy

Sts. N.

W.

R, F.

Plummer, Phar.
DRUGGIST, Cor. 2d & HSts..
S.

D.
Davis,

Wm
A

H, nth

& U nw
P nw

W.

Pride,

T, 28th

&

DRY GOODS
~Dry

and NOTIONS.
Franklin, Win, 1102 7th nw Mills, J W, 2120 >< 9th nw Nutt, Mrs, 2526 Messmore av
Scott, Scott,

Goods and Notions.

IDA V. BELL,
Dressmaking a
Specialty.
Overalls and Shirts to order.
600 2d Street. S.

nw

W K,

Edward, 410

se

Nichols ave

Thomas, F Sylvester, 300 I se Wheeler, Mrs P, 709 6th sw

Atkins, J

W,

66

se

DYEING, CLEANING and CLOTHES CLEANING.

E* Cooper

& Co.
St. N.

R. C.

DOUGLAS,
1533 14TH
ST.. N. W.

Staten Island DYEING Scouring & Repairing Works.

First-class

Dry Cleaning Establishment and Dye Works.

1220 PA. AVE.

work guaranteed.

2022 7th

W.

dent's Clothing Cleaned, Dyed and Repaired. Pressing at short notice.

48

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY,

DYEING, REPAIRING and CLOTHES CLEANING.-Continued

B. B.

SLADE.
Ttie

G. A.

ROBINSON.
Glut),

Mrs. O. P. GRIFFIN, Fine Dyeing and Cleaning

WasHington Pressing
1202 E STREET
N.

W.

Gents' Clothing- Sponged and Pressed.

31.50 per

GLOVES
330

Cleaned while waited for.

Street, Southwest.

month. Payable
for

in advance.

Goods Called

and delivered.

Lewis
423
N.

6c
J.

Barnuitt,
N.

AVENUE,

W.

Cleaning, Dyeing and Repairing.

Suits cleaned and pressed. 75c. Specialty of velvet overcoat collars, 75c

Bray, Jno F, 634 Q nw Brown, Jas A, 2460 P nw Cohen, Jacob, 1010 16th nw Dodson, C C, 17 19 7th nw Dodson, Marcus T, 714 O nw Douglass, Roscoe, 1220 Pa av Madden, Geo R, 1006 4th nw Rafus, J W, 822 .I2th nw Smothers, J T, 1827 T nw

nw

COLORED EATING HOUSES and COOK SHOPS.

Adams, John, 907 26th nw Akers, Chas H, 1408 Madi'onnw Anderson, May, 1026 4th nw Arms, John, 2426 Snow's Row Atkins, Thomas, 11 McCuPh Ct Baler, Rose, 1256 1st sw Ball, Samuel R, 2028 7th nw Banks, Wesley, 1124 Govern't Ct Barber, Philip, 220 B nw Berry, Susan, it 14 3rd sw Beverly, Silas, 609 nth sw Bird, John H, 2000 E nw Bowman, B, 322 Willow T Ct Brown, Rosa, 1530 12th nw Burrell, Eleanora, 614 3rd sw Butler, Thos, 1000 Ga ave se Campbell, Mrs O, 216 F sw Carter, Walter, 34 McCull'gh Ct
Curtis, N H, 43 N nw Day, Francis, 2605 I nw
Elter, Mrs,

Epps, Joseph, 635 N nw Ford, J, 19 1 5 E nw Goodwin, Mrs S, 332 B sw Gordon, Edward, 733 7th se Green, Wm, rear 802 E nw

no 4^ sw

Harris, Dollie, O market Harris, Sarah, 447 Mo ave nw Hawkins, Joseph, 1229 D se Hayes, Alfred, 542 3rd se Hill, Henry, 134 L nw Hunt, Thos, 1102 C nw
Ireland, David, ioSum'r Row nw Jackson, Armstead, 15th & Pennsylvania ave nw Jackson, Ella, 172 7th nw nw Johnson, Jane, 7th & Johnson, M Elizabeth, 1616 M nw Johnson, R H, 635 N nw
1
<

Colbert,

E &

Lee W, 201
101

se

>

Cooper, Dan,

sw

Coram, Mamie, T013 U nw Crawford, C H, 620 K sw

Kelly, Carter, [803 7th

nw

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

49

COLORED EATING HOUSES and COOK SHOPS Continued.

Kirby, Jacob, 302 10th nw Laws, Annua, 1164 20th nw
Lee, Charles, 18 15 L nw Lewis, Lonisia, 1147 17th

nw

Robinson, J F, 1502 14th Robinson, Samuel A, 4' Pa ave Seville, D H, 102 4U4 sw

near

Mathews, Samuel, 329 Va ave sw Mathews, Jno H, 639 Navy Place Mayo, Adolphus D, 1208 7th nw
Meredith, Annie, 163 Pierce nw Mills, J W, 2243 9th nw Morris, Henry, 633 N nw Morris, P D, 1803 L nw Mudd, Mrs A, 104 \]/ sw 2 Mudd, Louis, 149 G se Murray, C, 1521 7th nw Nuter, Mrs, 114 4}< sw Parker, Nelson&Son, 9i4 2istnw Payne, Mr, Good Hope Pickney, Jas, Eastern Market Pinkard, William, 517 rear N J ave Dingman Place Pleasant, John, Munroe st Powell, A E, 327 13th nw Prockenid, Mrs, 108 4% nw Purdy, Carter, 507 K nw Reed, Bettie, 1030 4th nw nw Ricks, Martin, 319

Slaughter, Emma, 717 3rd sw Sumden, Elizabeth, 1358 P> ne Staunchfield, Mr, 470 K nw Stewart. Mrs E, 324 sw Taylor, Clare, 205 2nd sw Taylor, Johnson, 1004 R I ave Tasher, Henry, 405 D se Taylor, Rufns, 632 G sw Terrell, Henry, 629 K nw Turner, Mary, 201 Warren ne Tyler, Richard, 225 sw Upshear, Ike, 464 K nw Walker, Mrs D, O st Market Wallace, Joseph, Ward's alley

Washington, C, 12 16 1st sw Washington, Geo, 922 Snow's row Watson, Chas H, 513 O nw
Wells, Annie, 3402 nw Wicker, Mrs M, 116 sw Weaver, Andrew, 819 24th Williams, W, 603 C nw

M M

nw

.;

ELECTRICIAN.

Wm.
trie Bells.

f\.

Johnson,
<>t'

Manufacturer

Lightning Rods and Speaking Tubes,

Lock, Gunsmith and Bell-Hanger,
Electric Lighting'.

Electric (Jas Lighting.

N.

710 and 712 S Street

W.

EXAMINERS IN CHANCERY
Bundy, James
F,

420 5th

nw

Peyton, Fountain, 505 Room 7 3d floor.

nw.,

5o

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

COLORED EXPRESSMAN.
Note The canvassers returned the names of 128 colored expressmen who own their teams, some one-horse, some two-horse teams. Eighteen of them own more than one team. Even this list of 128 names is incomplete. All of them
:

could not be reached, being on the move, and not having any fixed place of business. For this reason their names are omitted from the Directory.

Baggage Express.
All orders receive prompt attention.
RESIDENCE. 1025 20TH
ST. N. W.

Orders received -THE

Hilton

for

Ba

W.
601

ge

Express

H. Marshall, Prop.
311 4th Street S. E.

Mass Ave., N. E.

A. Haithman,
J. B.

Johnson's Express,
F

He
326 Eighth Street, N. E. Hauling of any kind. Wood and Coal delivered in large and small quantities.

All kinds of Freight and Furniture Handled with Care.

Residence, 117

St.,

S.

W.

Stands- La. ave. bet 9th and 10th Sts. also B. & P. Freight Depot. Can be called up on J. F. Saum's Telephone.

COLORED FEED DEALERS

Ferguson Rloiar, Feed, fiay,

Berry
a^rvd
Grain,
128

J.

A. Edelin,
Ice.

Wood

ALL KINDS OF FEED.

Wood, Coal and
Cor. 16th and

and Coal.
Free Delivery.

Horse Powders.

Streets, Southwest.

Street, Southeast

C. A.

CHANEY,

C. P.
Flour,

GOINES,
Hay,
Straw,

Wholesale and Retail

Feed,
etc.

Lime
No. 462

COAL & WOOD.

Street Northwest.

Street N.

1200

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

5'

FEED DEALERS Continued.

EDWARD
'

T.

HOLMES.

52

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

FURNITURE, REPAIRING, ETC.

C. B.

KEATING,
Sold.

Second-Hand Furniture Bought and

PACKING AND SHIPPING. EXPRESS FOR HIRE.

2202 Seventh
Dick, Jas H, 917

Street,

N-

W.
15th

nth

n\v

McDowell, J H,

n 15

nw

GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, ETC.

W.

O. Blagburn,
Groceries and Provisions,

John Foote,
Produce Dealer,
Fruits and Vegetables.

Wood and

Coal.

913 V

Street. N. W.

Drop posta / an(j wagon

350 K wf// Cfl

Street. S. W.

//,

Sam'l Carter,
Staple and Fancy Groceries,

Edwards

&

Hunter,

Groceries and Provisions.

Cigars and Tobacco,

Meats and Provisions.

1260 2d

Street. S. W.

15th and

Street, S. E.

Chas. Edelin,
Groceries and Provisions. iceries
t

James H. Gaskins,
Groceries and Pro visions.
All Kinds of Feed,

1422 South Carohna Ave.

S. E.

a "<> East CaP' to/ Sis

The Evergreen Grocery

Groceries and Provisions.
Fruit. Vegetables.

Co.,

R.

W.

Gilliam,
GROCER,

Produce and Meats.

13th and C Streets,
S. E.

900 Third

Street. S. W.

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

53

GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, ETC. Continued.

R. E.

Hammond,
Staple and Fancy Groceries.

Allen Oliver,
Fine family Groceries and Provisions,
Coffees Fresh and Salt Meats of all kinds. All goods and Teas. Sugars and Spices Goods delivered free sold at cut prices. The Cheapto all parts of the city. est Place in Town No. 337 3d St. S. W.

Meats. Butter, Eggs ind Country Produce. Choice Fruits and Table Luxuries.
Cigars. Tobacco. Etc.

1634 Eleventh

St. N.

W.

W.

H. Hicks,
Groceries and Pro visions.

W.
Produce and Meats. Wood, Coal and Feed.
N. W.

C. Payne's Lincoln
cor.

Market,
ve. N.

Near

9th

st.

and Grant A

Fruits. Vegetables.

Cigars and Tobacco.

Groceries. Butter, Eggs, Bacon

and

803 Grant Ave.

Fresh Meats and Poultry.

Elzie

S.

Hoffman,

Sydnor

&

Vincent,

Groceries and Produce.

Groceries and Provisions.

Wood, Coal, Oysters.

Our wagons cover entire

Cor. Stanton

city.

and El van Avenues,

Hillsdale, D. C.

postal.

We

will be at

Drop us a your door.

Street, N. W.

2133 10th

A. Lewis,
Groceries and Provisions,

R. N.

Thompson,
Groceries and Provisions,

Fruit. Venetables.

Produce and Meats.

Wood and

Coal.

Cigars and Tobacco.

615 Gordons Ave. N.

E.

201

Street, S. W.

C. L. Marshall

&

Co.,

Smith Twyman,
Groceries. Meats. Confections.

Groceries and Provisions,

Ice

and Tobacco.

Wood and
&
P.

Coal.

Wood, Coal,
W.

Ice.

N. W. Cor. 8th

Sts. N.

502 21st

Street. N. W.

William Nickens,
Groceries.

Mrs. Elizabeth Lee,

Groceries and Confectioneriers.

2030
Fresh Country Butter. Eggs and Produce

Vt.

Ave.,

N. W.

Andrews, Cecelia, 144 Pierce

1635
Vt. Avenue. N. W.

nw

Bailey, Albert, 1250 27th

54

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, ETC. Continued.

Banks,
David,

Tennallytown

Beckett, Richard, Sumner ave Hillsdale nw Beckley, S J, 2519 Beechum, Alex, Sheridan ave Beverly, R D, 2557 16th nw

Blackburn, John, 339 F sw Blue, Henry, 134 G sw Briles, D A, 1504 Erie nw Boston, Fannie, 442 Wash st nw Bragg & Co, 1706 7th nw Bragg, Henry T, 1448 Madison ave nw Bradley, Robert, 92^2 Fenton ne Brown, & Bro, 1129 21st nw Brown, Benjamin M, 528 20th nw Brown, Elizabeth, 238 Orial ct Brooks, Moses, Sheridan ave H, 1121 Lindens ct Brown, Churchill, Alfred P, 2249 8th Coleman, Frank, 635 2nd sw Coleman, Win, 2108 C nw Contee & Covington, 25^ E sw Cunningham, I & Bro, 300 E sw Campbell, Stewart,4i5Wilson nw Carroll, Emma A, 443 Wash nw Carter, William, 401 Q nw Coalman, Frank, 635 2nd sw Dill, Samuel H, Hope ave Dudley, Y, 17 15 nth nw Evans, Boulden, 221 L sw Foster, Martha, 700 3rd sw Ferguson, J D, 2765 Dumb'n av l Ferguson, William, 403 \ / sw 2 Fitzhugh, Howard, 11 30 1st nw Frank, AbrahamW, 631 Acker ne Franklin, H, 133 L sw

Gillis, Joseph N, 1254 9th nw Golden, F S, 634 2nd sw Gordon, E A, 656 Acker ne Green, E J, 829 9th ne Green, H, 390 Snows Row Gray, Augusta G, 312 Willow Tree court Hargrove, Frank, 1206 10th nw Harris, George, Sheridan ave Hawkins, John, 2624 P nw Hawkins, John, 2615 P nw Henderson, Thomas, 1423 Madi-

son,

nw

Garnett, Mrs, 215 3rd sw Gaskins, George J, 615 East cap Gaskins, Henry, 302 Wilson nw Gaskins, James C, 1621-23 East

cap st Geary, Mr, 1529

M nw

Herbert, Susan, 142 Pierce nw Hicks, Lucinda, 901 1st nw Holmes, R. J., 2705 Dumb'n ave Hunter & Edwards, 1500 B se Hunter, C. B, 1351 32nd Hutchins, S H, 732 10th nw sw Jackson, A F, 314 Jackson, James, 217 G sw Jamison, James, corner Stanton and Hamilton road Johnson, Edward H, 400 R nw Johnson, Rachael, Hughes al nw Johnson, 905 Grant av nw H, 2137 9th nw Johnson, nw Johnson, W. T, 2431 Jones, Mrs, 47 Canal, sw Kent, Isaac, 421 D se Kent, Mary E 17 4th ne Lee, Elizabeth, 2030 Vt ave nw Lee, Rollins & Kinney, 2221 9th Lemon, V, 401 3rd sw Lucas, A. L, 5th and P nw Malvin, Bessie F, 2251 Cleveland ave nw Marshall, James A, 201 Willow Tree Court Minor, Thos 421 \Y sw 2 Marshall, H, 1515 N J ave nw Mason & Keys, 441 1st sw Monroe, George A, 355 G sw

Wm H Wm

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

55

GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, ETC Continued.

Morris, Martha, 1137 C ne Co, 1200 2nd s\v Newton, Richard, no Pierce Orr, James C, 944 24th nw

Swann, Henry T,

cor 4th and

Nash

&

nw

Page, A W, 1833 R nw Pendergrast, Jno H, 455 L nw Peterson, Thomas, 1033 3rd sw

St Market Peters, Win, D, 415 1st sw Peters, Phillips, Mary, 223 F sw

Simms, Jno F, 517 V 10th se 2 Spencer, James E, 1245 5 tn nw Scott, Amelia J, 228 13th ne Stewart, Laura, 17 10 East Cap Swann, John, E, Good Hope
;

Oak nw

Powell, Lewis

&

Saunders, 1438

Stinson, John, 416 Franklin nw nw E, 451 Simms, Taylor, Cecelia, 11 1 16th ne Thomas, Charles, 738 10th nw

P nw
Ray, Isaac B, Nichols ave Ransom, A H, 12 13 Wylie ne

Thomas, John H, Stanton ave Thomas, Sarah M, 1029 3rd nw Walker, Alexander, 88 N sw
Waters, Gibson, 1303 28th nw Waters, Sam'l, 328 Pomeroy nw Warren, Catherine, 2034 E nw West, Jefferson, 1130 Lendens ct West, Samuel, 2222 8th nw Withers, A W, 1501 P nw Wright, L G 420 2nd sw

Ransom, Ellen, 441 Wash st nw Robinson, \Vm, 14th Spring nw Reynolds, J G, Meats and Provisions of all kinds, 839

2nd sw
Rounds, Shippen

T &

S,

2616 P nw Shippen, Nichols ave

GUN
Johnson, William A, 710 S

and LOCKSMITH.

nw

HACKMEN.
Note : The canvassers returned the names of 31 colored owners of hacks. Some of them own several. Their names are omitted because the list is obviously incomplete. Not having any fixed place of business secure their names.
it

was not easy

to

James H. Dabney,
Ralpn Singleton,
Stand

1132 3d

nw

E. Fillmore, 2011 9th

for hire.

st.,

n.

w.

Carriages for all occasions.

Open and closed carriages

Hackman,

B&

depot.

56

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

HAIR DRESSERS.
Hairdressing, Scalp treatment

and Manicuring by Annie E. Gillem-Green, 2022 10th nw

Hansen, Mrs Rachel, 1018 4th nw Houston, Mrs T J, 131 1 F nw

HALLS.

WM.

H. LEE,

Three

halls for

Odd

rent for societies, lodges, etc.

Samaritan

225 Pa ave

Lodging

Rooms 25 an d 50c.
1114^

nw

Catholic beneficial hall, 04.1. 1 8th nw Friends of Zion hall, 308 t hall, jq j-r,* D se Irving t. 11 408-410 t\ <-~ Moten, J, 231 Va ave sw

nw Fellows' hall, 1606 hall, 432 1st sw Silence hall, 430 8th nw Samaritan Temple, I st bet 2d 3 d sw Conservatory of Music, 12th and J

&

sw

w __. " Winslow's

-p.
,

hall,

1206

R nw

HOTEL KEEPERS.

THE DOUGLASS HOTEL,

220 B
Street

and 225 Penna.

European Plan.

Ave., N. W.

First-class in every respect.

Steam

heat.

Electric lights.

Electric bells.
C.

MRS. DOLLY
Established 1880.

JONES,
Proprietor.

MRS. FRANCIS BROWN,

Hotel Clyde,
"

Hotel and Restaurant,

OPEN ALL NICHT.
A2]

m I*'

First-Class

for Ladies

Accommodations and Gentlemen.

NEW JERSEY

AVE., N. W.

Near B. & P Depot. Proprietress. Mrs. Alice E. Haw.

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

57

HOTEL KEEPERS. Continued.

The Woodson House,

467
JUissouri five., N.

Buckman, Mrs S A, 231 4'j sw Carroll, Mrs M F, Prop PhiladelEdwards

phia house, 348 Pa ave nw & Anderson, 479 ave nw 333

W.

Near

B.

&

P. Depot.
HOTKI,.

Mo

AN UP-TO-DATE

Neat rooms, Clean linens, Reasonable prices and first-class Meals.

Bailey,

Holmes, J O, Prop Holmes

hotel,

Edmond

Brown, Mrs
489

L, 229 N J av nw A, 103 6th st and

ave sw Ryan, Jack M, Prop Southern hotel, 311 Pa ave nw Snmby, S A, 206 \yi sw

Va

Mo

ave

nw

HUCKSTERS.
Chapman, Arthur, Sheridan ave Foote, John, ^" K sw H, 803 Grant av nw Hicks, Jackson, Robt, 404 3d sw Johnson, Jno, 1015 6th sw Myers, Arthur, 47 P ne
Rov,

Wm,

1020

8th

Walker, Alex, 88 N sw Walker, Geo F, 2125 K

Scott, Bery J, 418

nw Wa*h

st

nw nw

nw

Sydnor& Vincent,

2133 10th

nw

Waters, Sam'l, 328 Pomeroy White, Geo, 423 5th se Wren, Isaac, 2239 7th nw

ICE
'Phone
949.

CREAM MAKERS.
Gray

&

Bro.,

Odd Fellows

hall

James
Ice
-

J.

Johnson,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer In

,,i bOl-603

Cream and Oysters M New via York Ave., N. w W.

^t

Fried Oysters in Season a Specialty.

1606 st nw. High-grade cream, wholesale and retail. Lowery, Mason S, 1002 18th nw Murry, E, Makes a specialty of supplying churches and rr organizations, 1800 14th st Wholesale and Retail. nw.

jo

ICE DEALERS.
Golden, Green, Johnson, I, 4^
2
st

Sullivan

st

sw

Johnson, James J, 601 N Y ave 'Marshall, Chas L, 801 R nw

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

INSURANCE.

75/?e
:

Douglass Life Insurance Co.

503

Street, N.
:

W. Room

7.
1ST. V.-PRES.
D..

OFFICERS :-EMANUEL M. HEWLETT, PRESIDENT: PERRI W. FRISBY. AGER JOHN W. CROMWELL, SECRETARY J. C. NORWOOD. M. BUSH. M. D.. ASST MEDICAL DIRECTOR.

AND GENL MANW.J. MEDICAL DIRECTOR

:

L. G.

FLETCHER,
Solicitor of

SR.,

Death Denef lis paid

in

48 Hours.

Fire and Life Insurance,

Eoans Negotiated. Houses and Lots For Sale. Rents Collected.
Office

_- .. . ,, ti . 609 F St^t, )L W.,

,

: Room

5,

609

Street.

ROOM

15.

ZEPH
Life, Fi -e'

P.

MOORb,
1206

ealth
'Phone 2481-2.

Accident Insurance, Notary Public.

and
R
F
Street,

N.

W.

Benevolent Investment and Relief Association, 609

n\v

JEWELERS.
A.

M.

BOOKER,
1734 7th

Jeweler

and

Watchmaker,
Eye
Glasses.

Stone-Setting- and engraving done. Repairing of Spectacles and 1740 7TH STREET,

NORTHWEST.

Davis,

W T,

nw

Peters,

W,

1720 7th

nw

JUNK DEALERS.

G.
Dealer in
all

W, ROBINSON,
Junk,
Metals, Iron, Rags, Rope, Furs. Branch, 3406 M St., N. W.
Garnet, Jno H, 101 18th ne

kinds of

812 and 816 3rd St. S. \V.

Beney

&

Robinson, 3506

M nw

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

59

JUSTICE OF

THE PEACE.
'

E.

M. Hewlett,

53 4

Residence, 152

Madison

St.

LAUNDRIES.

New York Laundry

ery,
^

and Groc-

421

4'_'

Thomas H. Minor, prop St BW

Domestic Laundry, 725 22d nw Johnson, Mrs Anna, 122 M sw Phillips, Mrs Elsie, 606 3d sw

Tubman,

Charlotte, 462

K nw

LAWYERS.

THOMAS WALKER,
Attorney and Counsellor at Law,
No.

506 5th

Street, N,

W.

Practices in all the Courts of the District. Will Draw Contracts and Wills and all other Legal Papers. Will make Loans on Real Estate. Will make Loans on 2d Trust and on Personal Securities.

Thomas W.
Scipio L. Baker,
Attorney at Law.

Chase,

Attorney at Law.

Practices in

all

Courts of the District.

street, X.

Room

14.

609

Street. X.

W.
1222

W.

James

F. Bundy,

W.
in

Calvin Chase,
n Attorney and Councellor at Law,
...
,

Attorney and Counsellor at Law, '

.,

Xotary Public. Examiner

Chancery.
Editor of

Notary Public.

Legal papers carefully drawn, Records

searched, Estates managed. Insurance, etc.
Office: 420 5th street,

THE BEE.
all

Practices in

Courts of Virginia and

X.

W.
W.

District of Columbia.

Residence: 403

street. X.

Offices: 1109

I st.

and 503 ;<

st.

X.W

6o

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.
IN

THE FIRST COLORED LAWYER

We are indebted to the Law Department
to the late Prof.

WASHINGTON.

of Howard University and John M. Langston, its Dean, for our first colored lawyer, who was Charles N. Thomas, of Howard's first law class, of 1871. He was a brilliant speaker and built up a good practice. He died

about 1875.

Soon
also a

after Mr.

Thomas had opened his office Mr. John H. Cook,

first

for business,

breeze.

threw his shingle to the When he died in 1879, respected and honored by bench and bar, he left over 100 good cases on the calendar. Encouraged by the evident success of these two pioneers, others soon followed. Among the early ones were Capt. O. S. B. Wall, who was also a Justice of the Peace, and Mr. Thomas B. Warrick, who has the record of the longest continuous practice of any colored member of the bar, a member of Howard's first law class, and who, for twenty years, has made a specialty of examining titles and drawing legal papers. He has no superior for thoroughness and accuracy of work along this line. In a more liberal community he would, undoubtedly, have been called to the service of one of the large Title Companies. Among the earlier lawyers, were Mr. John A. Moss and Hon. John H. Smythe, the latter having left the bar to go as minister to Liberia, and who is now at the head of a large Reformatory Insticlass,

member

of Howard's

law

He had

eight years of unusual success.

tution in Virginia.

In 1892, when the writer made a complete list of colored practicing attorneys, published in the Union League Directory for 1892, on file in the Library of Congress, he found ten as follows Geo. M. Am:

bler, (deceased),

Calvin Chase, Win. H. H. Hart, E. M. Hewlett, Miton M. Holland, John A. Moss, L. W. Pulies, James H. Smith, Reuben S. Smith and Thomas B. Warrick. In January, 1894, when he again published the list, it contained sixteen James F. Bundy,
;

W.

Thomas

L. Jones,

Lynch

&

Terrell,

Edward H. Lipscombe, W.

C.

Martin, Peyton

& Renfro

and Win. H. Richards, being the additions.

In January, 1901, seven years later, the writer again makes a complete list and finds that the number of colored lawyers and law

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

6l

LAWYERS Continued.
Marion T. Clinkscales,
Attorney

L.

Melendez King,
Attorney and Counsellor at Law,
())
(
i

and Counsellor
505

at Law,

street, n. w.

Room

8,

Real estate managed, Pensions

se-

M'rice:

street, n.

cured, Loans negotiated, Divorces, etc. Practices in all the Courts in the District of Columbia.

Fitzgerald

&

Fitzgerald,

Wm.

C. Martin,

Attorneys at Law,

Attorney and Counsellor at Law,

609

street, n. w.

Office: 503^

Residence, 336 Spruce street, n. w.

Webster

D street, n. w.2d floor. Law Building, Annex.

Perri

W.

Frisby,
Attorney at Law,

John A. Moss,
Attorney at Law,

Real Estate, Loans and Insurance.

Collections.

503)4

Street, n.
all

w. Rooms

&
of

2.

Practices also in
street, n.

the Va. Courts and

503

w.

Supreme Court U. S., Court Claims and Departments.

Wm.

H. H. Hart,
Counsellor at Law,

Fountain Peyton,
Attorney at Law,

Examiner
505

in Chancery.

street, n.

w.

Room

7,

2d

floor.

420 5th street, n.

Residence, 603

Sumner street, Howard University.

n. w.,

E. Molyneaux Hewlett,
Attorney and Trial Justice,

Law, Real Estate, Pensions,

Patents.

Office: 503^

street, n. w.
2.

John

W.

Patterson,
407 7th street, n.

Rooms

and

Residence, 1521 Madison street, n. w.

2d

floor.

Thomas

L. Jones,
Attorney at Law,

Wm.
609
street, n. w.

L. Pollard,
Attorney and Counsellor at Law,
street, n.

w. Rooms

5,

and
w.

7.

Residence, 1708 12th street,

616

n.

Real Estate and Insurance. Drawing Legal Papers a Specialty.

Practices in all the Courts of the District of Columbia. Estates managed. Legal papers Heal Insurance placed. carefully drawn. Monev carefully invested. Loans Kstate. Negotiated. Collections.

62
firms

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

has increased from sixteen to twenty-three. Col. Holland is Mr. Lynch is a paymaster in the army, and Mr. Terrell, principal of the Colored High School. Edward H. Lipscombe and G. Herbert Renfro, have died
chief of division in the Treasury Department.

since 1894. These losses are more than made up by the new names, which may be seen by a reference to the list of lawyers. Two of them, Mr. Bundy and Mr. Peyton are Examiners in Chancery, while Mr. W. Calvin Chase is a Notary Public, and Mr. Hewlett is a trial
justice, before

whom many

important cases are

tried.

MR. JAMES

F.

BUNDY,

Attorney-at-Law, Examiner in Chancery and member of the Board of Education, was born of slave parents in Rappahannock Co., Va.,

September
1865.

25, 1862.

His parents brought him to Washington in

until he entered the Preparatory

Upon

arriving at school age, he entered our public schools,

where he remained

Howard
A.
B.,

University, which has conferred

Department of upon him the degrees of

A. M., LL. B. and LL. M. in college, Mr. Bundy was appointed to a clerkship in the city Post Office, a position he held for thirteen years and six

While yet

months, and which he resigned to enter more actively upon the practice of law. Since 1890 he has been the efficient Secretary and Treasurer of the Howard University Law School. Mr. Bundy is married and has a happy home at 403 O street, n. w. He has already built up by hard work and conscientious devotion to the interests of his clients, a good paying practice.

Upon

the reorganization of the public scoools in June, 1900, the

Commissioners of the District were casting about to find a colored man who was in every way satisfactory for appointment on the new Board of Education. Their choice was Mr. Bundy. He has taken a prominent part in the reorganization of the public schools and is meeting the duties of this trying position with ability and success.

MEATS PRODUCE AND MARKETING.

An
race
inspiration and

example

for the

young man
is

of the

colored

who would
all

rise

above his environment and make a " man'' of

himself with

that noble

word implies

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

63

LAWYERS. Continued.
William H. Richards,
Attorney at Law.

Frederick M. Sims,
Attorney at Law.

420 5th street.

11.

w.

609

street, n.

w.- Room

8.

Residence. 1430 Madison

st.

Joseph H. Stewart,
J.

M. RlCks,
Attorney and Counsellor at Law.

Attorney at Law,

^p
Residence. 1012

^
street.

w>
11.

_ ROOM
w

507

D
w.

street, n. w.

Residence, 627

st.. n.

Thomas
Reuben
S. Smith,
_,

B. Warrick,
Law and General
i.n-i

Attorney at

Solicitor,
11.
v.-.

street.

Attorney and Counsellor at Law, '

Examining

-t*...

Conveyancing litles and r,,,-: no a specialty.

*
.

420 5th street, n. w.

2d

floor.

Hughes,

A, 609

F nw

LUMBER

Johi\ Taplet,
Office

Lumber

Dealer,

WHOLESALE AND

RETAIL.

and Yard, 16th and B Streets, Northeast.

MANICURE, ETC
Mine Goggin Naomi, 1010 16th

Mrs Green, Annie E Gillem, 2022

10th

nw

nw

MASSAGE.
Miss Combs, Annie, 1320

T nw

64

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

MR.
the
successful

C.

B.

HUNTER,
meats, produce, etc, at 1351 32nd 1855, of slave parents, he

dealer in

fresh

street,

Georgetown.

Born

in Virginia in

came to Washington when a boy and attended public schools. Endowed with an abundance of common sense and a desire to better
began to sell papers and black boots, the opportunities nearest to him, but resolved to use these occupations as stepping stones only. He next drove a cart, then went into the huckstering business. After many discouragements he finally " learned the business,' by energy, push, and by sticking to it. He began with one wagon, and soon had three, opening a store for He is a consistent o-arden truck, etc., on High street, in 1888. public spirited, hopeful, has amassed considerable real churchman, estate, and is the owner of a nursery and truck farm in Virginia. He o-ives employment to two young men.
his

condition, he

To those who may be disposed to think that there are no colored men doing a first-class business on business principles, let me say
;

'.'Go into the Centre Market; stroll into the long centre wing; take the extreme north aisle nearest Pennsylvania Avenue when near the 9th street wing, you will notice a well-kept place with the greatest abundance of the choicest poultry, produce, fruits and Look at the sign name, vegetables.

L.

JEFFERSON.

This business was started in a small way by Mr. Samuel Jefferson about 1876. He trained his three boys in the business, and when he died in 1887, he left them the business and a good practical business training. This is evidenced by the fact that they have not only retained all their father left them, but have improved upon
thus building upon his foundation. Mr. L. Jefferson is the head of the business, which furnishes employment for his two brothers and three others. They have stalls
it,

also in the

Western Market, which are mantained

in

at the

same stand-

ard of excellence as their stalls in Centre Market.

Keep him

mind.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY

65

MANURE
JEFEERSON, Lewis, Dealer
ton or car
lot.

and FERTILIZERS
Manure and Bone Meal, by
the

in Stable
st

1901 1st

sw

MEATS, PROVISIONS and

MARKET PRODUCE.

O, BL HClMffTBI*, Dealer In Finest Grades of Fresh Meats and Produce 1351 32d Street, N. W.
MARKETS
and

MARKETING

CENTER MARKET.

L. Jefferson,

HENRY ROBINSON,
CLERK WITH GEO.
E
M. OYSTER.

POULTRY
STALLS,

!r
p

FINE TABLE BUTTER. EGGS AND CHEESE. 26 RIGGS MKT, STANDS. 175 CENTRE MKT.

83 and 84 Western Market, 409 410-411 Center Market. Fresh Dressed Poultry a Specialty.

Terms Cash.

Cook, F. R. 43 and 45 Gray, Wm. H. 448 and 450 Moten, V. S. 199-201 DORSEY, JOSEPH, with A. H. Hoover, Fresh Meats, Stall, 522, 7th Street Wing.

EASTERN MARKET.
Frederick Greett,
Fish, Oysters, Crabs

VIRGINIA ROSS,
Fruits and Vegetables*
Eastern Market.
RESIDENCE, 128 10TH
$T. S. E.

& Clams

79

to

80 Eastern Market,
S.

RESIDENCE. 1017 C ST

E.

M.

F.

GIBBS,

MRS.

L.

SULLIVAN,

Fruit and Produce

47 AND 48 EASTERN MARKET. RESIDENCE. 405 E STREET, N. E.

Fruit

a^nd

Prod\ice.

57 and 58 Eastern Market.

Residence, Bennings, D. C.

66
Lest some one
of successful

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

may think the circumstances of we will mention one other of colored business men in the markets.
Mr. Jefferson's
the

success exceptional,

many

cases

Stroll into that

streets, magnificent market, under Convention Hall, at 5th and northwest. Seek the centre aisle. When near the centre of the

things.

market you will find yourself surrounded by an abundance of good Look at the name on half a dozen stands on both sides of

the aisle:

EWELL
the market.

L.
;

CONWAY,

undoubtedly the largest dealer in Mr. Conway began working at odd jobs around the market. He soon imbibed the idea of going into business for himself, but did not begin until he thought he knew the business thoroughly. When he was ready to start, his available capital was ridiculously small but he started and made up in energy, and the
dealer in produce, poultry, fruits
;

display

of politeness and

the spirit of

accommodation what he

lacked in capital. His success, and that of many others, prove to our youth that, in at least some lines of business, it is not necessary to wait until one has abundant capital. Politeness will often count for more than capital.

MARKETS

and

MARKETING. Continued.
21st

MARKET
Samuel T. Brooks, Frederick
Berry,

AND

K.

Jefferson & Sons, Produce

Lee, Williams
Pettit,

etc.

Brown, Wra.

Benjamin
N.

MARKET

5th

AND K
Brown,

W.
Produce Produce

Ewdl L, Conway,
dealer
in

J. S.

domestic and foreign.

Gaskms,
Harris,
'

B. L.

FRUITS
N.

and

PRODUCE
N.

Garner, Ignatius, Prouce

stands. 325-332 LIBERTY MKT, BTH & K STS

W.

Wm.
v

^ S. Groceries
,

STAND OPEN EVERY DAY. /^arKcting Delivered Free.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

67

MARKETS

and

MARKETING. Continued.
5th

MARKET
Jarvis,

AND K

N.

W D, Fish Dealer

Xesbitt, Frederick, Produce Peters,

Peel,

Wm, Wm,

Queen, Elizabeth, Toliver, Benjamin, Taylor, S W,

Wright, J

W,

RIGGS MARKET. (Incomplete.)

Powell Lewis

&

Saunders, 1438

P nw

Robinson, Henry, Clerk with. Geo Oyster, Butter, Eggs, etc.. 26 Riggs' Market

O
T. A. Budd,
Stalls,

ST.

MARKET.
Badger, John M, Produce J. A, Meats, O st Market

Budd,
82 & 83
st.

market.

Dealer

in Fruits,

Vegetables. Produce

and

Carroll, Charles, Produce Driver, Laura,

Poultry.

Cooked Hominy.

Grated

Dav,

Wm,

Cocoanut and Horse radish.

Fuller, Mary F, Harris, Dollie, Lunch Counter

Marketing Delivered.

Joseph Dorsey,
Clerk with A. H. Hoover.

Fresh Meats.
Stands.

52
522

St.

Market.
St.

Contre Market. 7th

Wing.

E. R. Russell,
Dealer in Fresh. Salt and

Hutchins, Sallie, Jackson, Lizzie, Johnson, Jane, Caterer Lun'es etc Johnson, Wm, Produce Lazenbery, Margeret E, Lee, Mollie, Lewis, H, Scott, Edward E, P and 7th nw Scott, Joseph E, Poultry Speaks, Henry, Produce Sweeny, Clara B,

Wm

Smoked Meats.
Stand,

Sweeny, Jerry, Tilgham, Michael, Walker, D, Lunch Counter

Webb, Byron,
Washington, C W, Poultry and Produce Young, Annie

87

st.

Northern Market.
All

Pork Products.

68

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

COLORED NEWSPAPERS

IN WASHINGTON. By John Wesley Cromwell.

"The New National Era" was started here in 1869. Rev. J. Sella Martin was one of its earliest editors if not its editor-in-chief. Lewis H., Frederick, and Charles R. Douglass had an interest in its The Hon. Frederick Douglass subsequently invested publication. largely in the enterprise and moved here early in the seventies. In the fall of 1874 it ceased publication just about the time when "The the great Democratic tidal wave swept over the country. started about 1872 by John P. Thompson and Colored Citizen" was P. H. Murray, but it was finally absorbed by "The Era." "The Commoner" was published by George W. Williams, author of the " The History of the Negro," who issued less than a dozen numbers in the summer of 1875, and at intervals, during the fall and early winter. "The People's Advocate" first appeared in April, 1876, at Alexandria, Va., but its office was changed to Washington, two months later. J. W. Cromwell was its proprietor and editor, though, at different intervals of its fourteen years of uninterrupted publication there were associated with its editor, Dr. Geo. H. Richardson, Rev. S. P. Smith, George W. Jackson and Charles N. Otey. in its The foreman of editorial conduct, and C. A. Lemar as publisher.
the Advocate at its establishment here, was T. Thomas Fortune, who frequently contributed to its columns. "The New South," in which M. M. Holland, William A. Lavalette, Henry Johnson and Arthur Smith were conspicuous " The Argus" and the " PlainvSt. A. dealer," in which A. W. De Leon, facile with pen and ready with
;

tongue was the central figure;

;

"The Exodus," with Rev.

"

J.

D.

Bruce Grit" and S. S. The Item," with Bagwell, as editor Lacy as publishers were among the other papers published and their "The Bee," started in editors of the two decades ending in 1890. 1882, and its editor, Win. Calvin Chase, survive from this period.
"

in the colored journalism of this period, Richard T. Greener, now U. S. Consul at Vladivostok, Russia, Sydney Garnet Crummell, son of the late rector of St. Luke's P. E. Church, who wielded a trenchant pen Charles N. Thomas, the pioneer colored lawer of Washington, Judge D. Augustus Straker, then a clerk in the Treasury Department, Prof. William J. Wilson, of the Freedmen's Bank, Miss Mary

Besides the

men named
Prof.

must be included,

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

69

MUSIC and MUSIC TEACHERS.

Prof. R. J. Daniels, Music Rooms, 309 3d
Music furnished for
St. S.

all

occasions by the

W.,

Monumental Orchestra.
For terms apply
to

Teacher of Music, Vocal and Instrumental, Piano and Organ. Special attention paid to children. P. 0. address also Rosslyn, l/a.

CHARLES HAMILTON,
1126 North Capitol
St.

Joseph H. Douglass,
Violin

The Empire

Orchestra,
all

Music furnished for

occasions.

Instructor,

Latest and Popular Music.

Studio,

609 F

Street, N.
11.

For terms apply

Room

Annie E. Gillem-Green,
Pianoist,

to following Members, ALEXANDER SEWALL. LEADER. 617 E ST. FRANK WHITING. 2030 L ST. N. W. WILLIAM ROBINSON. 2111 11TH ST. N. W. ALEXANDER LEE. 1214 37TH ST N. W. LORENZA PAYNTER. 1819 VT. AVE. N. W.

N.

W.

Braxten,
all

Wm,

Music

teacher,

Music furnished for

occasions

5 13

Madison

Lessons Given.

2022

10th

st. N.

W.

Hoffman's Band

&

Orchestra,

Elzie Hoffman, Director.

Cor.Scanton & El van Aves

Hillsdale, D. C.

nw Capital City Orchestra, 628 Capital City Band, 11 54 19th Farnsworth, Mrs. Piano teacher, nw 1828 Tilghman, Miss A L, Music nw teacher, 806

NEWSPAPERS.

THE RECORD PUBLISHING

PRINTERS & PUBLISHERS, 1607 11TH
Job Printing Neatly
anil

CO.,
W.

ST.

N.

Promptly Done.

PUBLISHERS OF

THE DAILY RECORD.

The Only Negro Daily Newspaper published in the F. G. MANLY, Manager.
District of Columbia.

HISTORY The Record Publishing Company began operation in the city of Wilmington, N. C, August, 1893, publishing "The Record," a weekly newspaper. In August, 1897. the Record Publishing Company began the publication of the " Daily Record," and continued it successfully until the 10th of November, 1898, "when the entire business was destroyed in the riot that ensued at that time. The Company then resumed business in Washington, March, 1899, Jno. N. Coins, Busiat 1607 11th street, northwest, with A. L. Manly, Editor 11. ss Manager; F. C. Manly, General Manager.
;

70
J.

UNION LEAGUE
Bozeman,
" Faith

DIRECTORY.

Johnson, of the

Lichen," (Mrs. Sarah A. Shimm), Calvin D. to graduate from the Hamptom Normal A. Johnson, who was an ideal local editor, and the School, Jerome late Wiiliam E. Matthews, who was decidedly clever also R. S. Smith, now a lawyer, whose superior as a Washington correspondent Longer in for several different colored papers has yet to be found. service than any of these, with the exception of Mr. Wm. J. Wilson, was a woman, Mrs. M. A. Shadd Cary, who used a literary bodkin as effectually as her kinsman, Dr. Shadd can wield a scalpel.
firsc-class
;

11

prietor,

The Bee ".started in June, 1882, by its present editor and proW. Calvin Chase, has had a continuous existence, and has
employment
lives in its

furnished

to

"The Bee"

own

from four to eight persons ever since. hive at 1109 I street, n. w.

After "The Advocate" ceased publication in 1890, Mr. Cromwell, having previously retired from its management on account of his increasing duties as principal of one of our public schools, several other race journals appeared, most of which proved short lived. Most conspicuous, however, among them may be mentioned the " Pilot," in which the late H. Price Williams, brother of Dr. Daniel H. Williams, the well-known surgeon of Chicago, was prominent. Others connected with its management at different times, were Chas. S. Morris, now a missionary in South Africa, Nathan Sprague, N. E. Weatherless and Dr. Geo. H. Richardson.

For twenty-five years following Emancipation and the new opportunities which
that

brightest minds the

great event brought, many of the colored race has pro-

duced, had

been endeavoring to solve the perplexing and important problem of how to make a newspaper, published in the interest of the colored people, a profitable business enterprise. The number of such
to solve the

newspaper ventures whose managers failed problem mounts well up into

the hundreds.

In the early spring of 1893,

MR.
fresh

EDWARD

E.

COOPER,

from conquests in race journalism in Indianapolis, came to Washington and established the "Colored American," a weekly

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

71

NEWSPAPERS. Continued.

fjF

<[;OloFFi)

MmFFiren

A
Gives
Tells
all

National Negro Newspaper.

is

the news.

what the negro

doing.

Reflects the highest thoughts and the best achievements. Belongs to no clique or faction, but represents the whole people.
Is not a Is not a

party organ, but stands for the principles of the Republican Party. patent back, but its columns teem with spicy, original matter.

$1.10

FOR SIX MONTHS.

60c.

FOR THREE MONTHS.

Ad^ The
E. E.

Colored American,
WASHINGTON,
weekly.
D. C.

COOPER., Manager.

The Washington Bee, weekly, W. Calvin Chase, Editor and

Proprietor. 1109 I St., n.w. Established, June 1882.

The National Waiters' Advocate,

J.

B. Penn,

Prop.

Winston

B. Hill, Ed.

The National Baptist Magazine, W. Bishop Johnson, D. D., Ed.

NOTARIES PUBLIC.
James
Howard

F.

Bundy
Notary Public, Pu

Douglass B. McCary,
420 5 th
St.

N. W.

Notary Public,
Capital Savings

University

Law

Building.

Bank

Bui/ding,

Lewis H. Douglass,
Room
1 1
.

609 F
Building.

St.

N. W.

Capital Savings

Bank
W.

609 F

St.

N.

Whitefield McKinlay,
Notary Public,

Samuel E. Lacy,
Notary Public,
Office of the

936 F

St. N.

W.

Recorder of Deeds
or

Mrs. Llewellin
0th
St. N.

W.

1625

W.

Pulies, 506 5th St

N. W.

72

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

newspaper whose circulation last year was put down at 12,000 copies per week, and numbers among its readers residents in every clime where our flag floats. Mr. Cooper interpreted the "want" for such a newspaper. His first venture in journalism was, "The Colored World," published at Indianapolis. This was quite a success, but he gave it up to accept a position in the Railway Mail Service. On leaving the Mail Service he again embarked in journalism and established " The Indianapolis Freeman," an illustrated weekly. This was a new feature, " The Freeman" quickly jumped into great popularity and soon gained National fame. Having made " The Freeman" a success, he decided to go to Washington for a larger Mr. Cooper is undoubtedly the best all around field of endeavor. newspaper man the colored race has yet produced. Edward E. Cooper was born near the little town of Smyrna, Tenn., and attended the old barracks school for colored children on Knowles street, Nashville, south of the Nashville and Chattanooga depot; which school afterwards became the nucleus of Fisk UniHe began life selling papers, etc., on trains then worked versity. farm two years. He next went to Indianapolis, attended the on a public schools and graduated from the High School. In 1883, he married Miss Tenie Jones, one of the most cultivated young ladies of Paris, Ky. Mr. Cooper freely acknowledges that his wife has been the balance wheel in his life that has brought him what success he has
;

gained.

One

of the most successful house painters in Washington,

is

MR.
of 1608
in

JOHN DIXON,
who
has
all

street,

northwest,

the busy seasons

more than he can

do.

he can do at all times, and If he could secure re-

he might extend his business indefinitely. Mr. Dixon was born near Leesburg, Va., came to Washington and learned his trade under the father of Mr. T. A. James, of 15 10 Madison street. Both Mr. Dixon and Mr. James do the painting on large and important buildings, such as the Portlier Flats, Dr.
liable help

Frye's Sanitarium,
tains

The Reform

School,

etc.

They

are

truly cap-

of industry, who obtain journeyman painter and point

bility.

and manage much work for the the way for others who have relia-

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

73

NOTARIES PUBLIC Continued.

Zeph
P.

Moore,
1206 R
St.

JohnW.
N.

F. Smith,

W.

Phone 2481

-2.

LADIES' NURSES.
Campbell, Mildred, 2237 8th n\v Freeman, Mary J, 1828 K nw Gassaway, Ocea, Nichols ave
Hall, Elizabeth, 2311 Jth

Jackson, Delphia, 2258 8th nw Jackson, Mary, 623 Mass ave nw Williams, Ellen, 1330 Fla ave nw

nw

TRAINED NURSES.
The occupants of the Nurses' Home, 1636 O street, n. w., are: Miss M. A. Thomas; Miss G.J. Miss S. M. Dismond Griffin
;

Miss L. A. Owens, 1108 19th Mrs. G. S. Thorn, 1431

Miss E. R. Hendrick Miss M. M Rollins. Hunton; Miss

Trained Nurse

Miss A. L. Moody,
Miss

Keemer, 2112 Pa ave Mrs S J Fleetwood, 319 Spruce

J.

Miss K. Gibson,

E nw

1309

St.

N. w.

OYSTERS, CLAMS, ETC.

Field's Oyster Bay,
Oysters served in all styles.

Geo. Pickett,
Dining and Lunch Rooms.
Oysters.

Orders served promptly.

5 Cor N j Ave & L S f.

Clams. Crabs, Pigs Feet.

N.

W.

1011 CSt. N.E.

Oysters served in any quantty.

Indiana Ave. Oyster House,

Fresh Salt Water Oysters.
Families supplied by the Pt. Qt., or Gal.
Thos. E. Scott &
Co. Ave. N. W.

Nelson Parker

&

Son,

Oysters

Lunch and Oyster House.

gj4 21st
Opp.

St.

N.

W.

Open

Daily.

207 Indiana

Western Market.

74

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

THE FIRST COLORED PHYSICIAN.

The educated colored physician in Washington is distinctly a post-bellum product. As remarked in the Introduction, there were a few "herb doctors," " Thompsonians" and other "quacks." Dr. A. T. Augusta, born in 1825, at Norfolk, Va., and who died in Washington, December 21, 1890, was the first Colored physician

He was educated at surgeon in the 7th LT S. Colored Toronto, Canada, had served as Troops, and was mustered out October, 1866. He then came to Washington, and began to practice medicine, and took an active part in the establishment of the Medical Department of Howard He was followed by Dr. Charles B. Purvis who had University. graduated in 1865, from the Western Reserve Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio, and who had served from 1865 to 1869, as acting Dr. Tucker, Dr. George Brooks, Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army. the three latter of South Washington, Dr. Howell and Dr. Sumby,
regularly admitted to practice in Washington.
.

were among the early ones.

Of

the practitioners of this early period, Dr. S. R. Watts

is

still

actively engaged, as

he has been continuously since 1872, in the Dr. Watts was born in Baltipractice of medicine in Washington. more in 1846 received a good education in his youth in Baltimore, Chillicothe, Ohio, and Pittsburg traveled abroad, studied medicine He has taken in Philadelphia and at Howard, graduating in 1872. and Howard Medical Departan active part in Freed men's Hospital ment, is large hearted, public spirited, and ever ready to help in any
;

laudable enterprise for the uplift of the colored people. In 1880 Dr. Samuel Le Count Cook graduated with high honors from the Medical Department of the University of Michigan and practiced medicine with great success to the time of his death from pneumonia, contracted during the first epidemic of " La Grippe,"

January 23, 1890. He was the physician and personal friend of the writer, who believes that he owes his life to his skill as a physician and to his
solicitous attention.

In 1892,

when

the

first

twenty-two colored physicians were practicing in Washington. this number twelve gave their entire time to their practice were employed in the service of the Government. In 1894, number had increased to twenty-five, of which thirteen were in
;

Union League Directory was published, Of

ten the
ac-

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

75

OYSTERS, CLAMS, ETC. Continued.

James
J.

Johnson,
Ice

Chesapeake Oyster House,

Cream,
five.

Oysters and

102 4th

St.

N. W.

601 New York

W.

Oysters and Clams Wholesale and Retail.

Standing orders and large quantities at
special pr,ces.

East Washington Oyster House,

31 7th
St.

Branch Stand.
N.

218 9th
A.

St.

Opp. Centre

Market.
J.

WHITE. Proprietor.

Oysters. Fish. Clams

J. T.

and Crabs.

Berryman, Proprietor.
Residence.

Howard
St.
S.

H. Turner,
Oysters and Clams.

Orders promptly served.

326 C
11

W.

2016
Hill,

10th

St.

N. W.

Adams, John, 910 26th

Allen, Asbery B, 106 4th lie Armstead & Halliday, 1249 4th nw Barnes, Win H, 902 B se Berryman, James F, 31 7th ne Bird, John H, 2000 E nw Boose, Elizah, 1411-1420 Mad nw Brent, William, 101 10th ne Brooks, J Y, 322 Clark Court sw Brown, Charles, Si 7 23rd nw Brown, T, 7th and Mass ave ne

Jarvis.

Henry, 134 L nw D, J36-38 5th

Wm
H

&K

Market Johnson, Andrew

Johnson, Johnson, Johnson, Johnson, Johnson,

C, 2312
5

L nw

Edward,

Canal sw

C, 2312

L nw

Campbell, Jno H, 208 2nd se Carter, John, G and N cap

Carter, John I, 100 14th se Colbert, Thos, 121 Va ave

sw

Coleman, Edward, 301

N nw

Henson, 807 13th ne John F, 337 1st ne Robert, 7th and T nw Miller, Henry H, 1418 7th nw Mitchell, Jno H, 332 G se Moore, Ambrose, 510 H nw Moten, M, 13^ and C nw Nesby, Edward, 632 Pomeroy nw Nichols, Frank, 412 8th se O'Neil, David, 215 3rd ne
Peyton, Moses, 2323 7th nw Green, Joseph, F and North cap A, 1233 10th nw Richardson, Taylor, Henry, 2226 8th nw Taylor, William, 2251 8th nw Thomas, Elizabeth, 2609 1st nw Thomas, William J, 706 14th ne Turner, Howard H, 2016 10th nw nw Walker, Rachel, 3404

Crawford, Robert, Clams and Crabs, Cart Croxton, Thomas, 318 A se Curtis, Amos, 148 Pierce nw Dean, Geo, 35S Armory Ct sw Delany, Arthur, 631 N nw Dogan, Win, 423 Temple Ct sw Fields, Francis Smith, ion C ne Fitzhugh, Harvard, 11 30 1st nw Foreman, S J, 1628 10th nw
Fraser, F, 112 4*2 sw Frazier, Alex, Nichols ave

White J A, 218 9th nw Williams, C H, 523 8th se

Winfield, Daniel, 7th and

T nw
cap

Gaskins, Walter B 137 F sw Green, C C, 929 4th nw Harris, S, 1543 7th nw Hawley, James, 1642 Cookey PI

Withers, Albert,

and

Wood,

Wm,

102 4J2

Young, Thos, 712

nw P nw

76
tive

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

and twelve in nominal practice. In January, 1901, the number increased to fifty-three, of which thirty-six are active and sevenhas teen nominal. The credit for this wonderful showing of progress,
foundation of confidence which the early practitioners laid, undoubtedly belongs to the Medical Department of Howard University, the alma mater of over ninety per cent of the fifty-

next

to that solid

three colored physicians of Washington.

The death rate of the colored population of Washington has perThe increase in the ceptibly declined during the last few years. number of colored physicians has been one of the potent factors in
bringing about this
result.

An example
city,

of

how
if

young colored man may come

ability,

to a

strange
is

and succeed,

he has

energy and character,

aptly

illustrated in the case of

DR. GEO. W. CABANISS. Dr. Cabaniss came to Washington in 1886, from Richmond, Va., where he had just graduated from the Richmond Institute, having
carried on
his

studies there

while serving as supervisor of the

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY

77

PAINTERS.
John Dixon,
Painter

Ammonds, Mr, Covington

and Glazer.
size.

st

Estimates cheerfully given on work of

any

704 9th
Residence. 1608

St.

N.

W.

St.

N. W.

Chas. A. Hamer,
Carriage and Sign
Painter.

Beverly, John, Brown, Winfield, 1510 Madison Bundy, Daniel, Chester Conrt Cooper, R H, 1317 5th nw Dean, Thornton, 2300 6th nw Ferguson, Charles, 479 Ridge nw Gibson, Thomas, 17th bet K and

L nw
Green, Frank, 131 2 C se Harvey, A H,(grainer)22io, CleveS.

206 C
Shop,
]i

St.

W.

&

Sts.

S.

W.

Alonza Perry,
House and Sign Painting.

232
All orders

14th St.
to.

S. E.

promptly attended

T. A. James,
Practical House Painter and Kalsominer,

land nw Jackson, Albert, 219 Ind ave nw Jackson, Morris, 617^ sw Lee, Jacob, 63 Pierce nw Lucas, Peter, 1107 21st nw Mcintosh, Augustus, Liberty nr 14th and Fla ave Mcintosh, Joseph, Anacostia Mcintosh, Traverse, 1636 nth nw McKenzie, Walter, Nichols ave Morris, Lorenzo, 3rd sw near Va ave Parke, Holly, 2013 9th nw

510 Madison

Street. Northwest,

Wash

Williams,
House and Sign Painting, Graining and Glazing,
Contracts Solicited.

Potomac Sign Co, 102 4 /i nw Washington, J M, 11 14 21st nw Washington, John M, 21st bet L and M nw
l

SIGN WRITERS.
The Art Display Sign
N. W.

Co, 1710

623 Pomeroy.

7th

nw

PAPER HANGER.
Rencher, Robert E, 1807 I

nw

MANUFACTURERS OF PATENT MEDICINES.

Cardozo, Dr G H, 12th & R nw Harris, Dr Leroy H, 3d & F sw
Martin,

J,

316

F sw

78

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

He had long had a desire to study mediand immediately entered the Medical Department of Howard cine, University, graduating in 1890. A diploma from Howard would He next went to satisfy most men, but not so with Dr. Cabaniss. New York and took a course of clinical lectures at Bellevue Hospital. He then returned to Washington and began the practice of medicine. His success has been far above the ordinary, as is best evidenced by his strong financial position and the esteem in which he is held in this community. His love for his profession and his unquenchable desire to perfect himself in it, is further evidenced by
Central Lunatic Asylum.
the
fact,

that

last

summer he

laid

down

his practice here, tempor-

arily,

and went abroad to France and England in further search of new light on his profession. He attended the International Congress of Physicians while in Paris, and took a course of lectures lasting several months at St. Thomas' Hospital Medical School, London, where he had as instructors and demonstrators, doctors BlandSutton, Tait, Abbott. Anderson and others of equal note. Geo. W. Cabaniss was born August 26, 1857, at Blackwater, Halifax Co., Ya., of poor parents, and made his own way through school, round by round up the ladder of success, to the point where we find him to-day, by virtue of his own innate will to succeed.

He
own
tate,

married Miss Louisa Ruth Tancil,

their

sister of

Dr. Tancil.

They

home

at

1906

Va.,

among which may which makes a comfortable home

northwest, and other real esbe mentioned a farm near Fall's Church,
street,

for his

aged parents.

DR.

JOHN
is

R.
a

FRANCIS.
of Washington,

The

subject of this sketch

native

who has

achieved signal success in the practice of his profession in the community where his boyhood days were spent. His professional studies were preceeded by an academic course at the Wesleyan Academy in Wilbraham, Mass., from which academy he graduated in 1875. He spent the two succeeding years in the Howard University Medical Department in this city, after which he entered the Medical Department of the University of Michigan,

from which he graduated in 1878. From that time to the present he has steadily and loyally devoted his time to the practice of his

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

PATTERN MAKER.
Alston, Mrs Celestine, 1439

U nw

PIANO MOVERS.
Robinson, H.
G., 209 12th n.w. packed and snipped.

Pianos and furniture moved,

PARKS.

Lf\K& View Park.

THE COLUMBIA ASSOCIATION,
of 25 of our best known citizens, has leased a tract of seven acres of land on a commanding elevation a short distance above the Girls' Reform School, -which has been fitted up as a park for picnics, &c, and will be rented to

Composed

Churches, Sunday-schools, and other organizations at a very reasonable price. A first-class boarding house. Rooms and board at very moderate rates. For dates apply to Jno. W. Green, 1822 Florida Avenue, Northwest.

Brown's Park, 421

N nw

Dis't Laborers Pk, 2254 9th

nw

PHOTOGRAPHERS.

JEROME'S STUDIO,
1248 9th
St., N.

W.

O'Hagan C. Jerome, a pupil of Charles Bower, of Loudon, England, and examined by Lafayette, the famous photographer of London. England, has a fine
studio on 9th street, northwest, near N. The latest and most artistic poses. The most fashionable mounts. Everything strictly first-class. A specialty of life-sized pictures sold either for cash or on instalment. Bromides, Crayons and Pastels. Photographs from $1.00 All visitors are welcomed and will be courteously received. to $12.00 per dozen. Come in and look around.
;

Freeman, Daniel,
st

1516

14th

Johnson, Edward M,

102

nw

nw

4^

st

So

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

profession with consummate ability and splendid success. His skill and ability as a physician and surgeon were given recognition in a public way in April, 1894, when the Honorable Secretary of the Interior appointed him Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief of Freedmen's Hospital, this city, which position he resigned in June, 1895. In April, 1895, he established at 21 12 Pennsylvania Avenue, a splendidly equipped sanatorium for the accommodation of all patients without distinction as to race, which institution is the first

DR.
of
its

JOHN

R. FRAN'CIS.

kind to be established in this city by a colored phvsician. The sanatorium is still in operation, and its success marks a distinct mile-stone in the progress made by the colored physicians of Washington. While constantly busy in the discharge of his professional duties, Dr. Francis has still found some time to devote to the other interests of the community, and has contributed something of substantial worth to the educational, business and social interests of
the city.

He

served on the District School Board, where his administration

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.
PHYSICIANS.

Si

Hours.

8
1

to
to

10 a 3 & 6

m
to

Hours.

to

mto
1

to

8 p m.

Sundays, 8

m 4

2 & 6
to

to

8 p m. 6 p m.

Dr. E.

H. Allen,
1322 Fourth
St. N.

Arthur B. Cole, M.
W.

D.,

1505
Phone 1994.

Street N. W.

Phone 1918.

Hours
10 to 12 a

Hours, 8

to

10 a

m1

to

2 & 5

to

7.30 p m.

m3

to

5 p m.

Dr. A. R. Collins,

H. L. Bailey, M. D.,
490 E Street
1713 T
St.

S.

W.

N.

W.

Telephone.

Telephone 2389.

Hours. 7

to

8 30 a

m4

to

6.30 p m.

Dr. Robert

W.

Brown,
St. N.

Dr.
W.

Wm.

H. Conner,
1634 R Street. N. W.

1737 Eleventh

Hours. 8 to 10 a

m 4

to

8 p m.

Hours, 8

to

10 a

m-1

to

3 & 5

to

pm.

Dr.

W.

J.

Bush,
208
Street. N.

Dr.
W.

James

C. Dowling,
and Residence.

Office

Phone 1918.

722 Third

Street. S.

W.

Hours.

to

10 a

m2

to

4& 7

to

8 p m.

Hours,

8 to 9 a m4 to 8 p m. Sundays, 8 to 10 am only.

Dr. Geo.
Office

W.

Cabaniss,
N.

Dr.
W.
Tel.

John R. Francis,
Office at

and Residence, 1906 K St.

Sanatorium,
N. W.

Phone 331.

2112 Penna. Ave

Call.

988.
to

Hours, 9

to

1 1

m5

to 7

pm.

Hours. 8

10 a

m2

to

4 & 6 to

8p

m.

Dr. C.

W.

Childs,
St. S.

R. L. Gaines, M. D-,
W.

Office

and Residence, 513 3d

2243 Brightwood
Phone 1983.

Ave. N. W.

Phone, 4th Precinct Station.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

was marked by discretion and ability. His large property interests indicate his thrift and enterprise as a business man. In 1881 he married Miss Bettie G. Cox, whose tactful intelligence and amiable character have signally aided her husband in his sucThey have a charming home at 21 12 Pennsylvania cessful career. Avenue, northwest, and contribute much to the social life of the community.

is

" to the the

DR. FURMANN manor born." In the

J.

SHADD
fifties

early

his father kept one

of the leading eating houses in Washington, on the corner of 6th and Pennsylvania Avenue. It was in one of the upper stories of His father, realizing the that building that he was born in 1852. hopelessness of his race in a slave community, soon after moved to Canada, where he accumulated considerable property. In 1866, when conditions had changed, the family returned to Washington. Funnann J. Shadd was one of the first pupils at Howard University, and has been connected with the institution as pupil or instructor continuously since August, 1867.

He

is

a graduate of both

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY

83

PHYSICIANS. Continued.
Hours
7.30
to

8.30 a

m5.30

Residence Hours. Until 9 a m- 2 to 4 & 6

to 7

to

p m.

8 pm.

Dr. Chas. H. Marshall,

Dr. William H. Goines,
506 P
Phone 1905.
St.

Office

and Residence, 2710 P

Telephone 2183-3.

St. N.

W.

N.

W.

Branch

Office.

516 20th
a

Hours, 9

30

to 1 1

m 4

Street, N. W.
to

5 p m.

Hours. 7

to

8.30 a

m 4

to 7

pm.

Tel.

Call.

1917.

Dr. P.
Dr. Rich'd T. Hamilton,
Offiice

J.

Mischeaux,
and Residence,

Office

and Residence. 322 E

St. S.

W.

301 2d St.,S.
Hours

IV., Cor. C.

Hours.

8
2

to
to

m
to

Morning 8 to
to 2.

10.
to 8.

4 & 7

8 p m.

Afternoon

Evening 6

Dr. H.

W.

Haskins,
1629
12th St. N. W.

Dr.

John

W.

Mitchell,
511 E
Street. S. E.

Phone 2481-5.
Telephone
Call.

2094-2.

Hours, 8

to

10 a

m1

to

2 & 5

to 7

p m.

Hours. 8 to 9 a

m4

to

6 p m.

Dr.

Wm.

H. Hughes,
Dr. J. C.
1207 T
St.

Norwood,
1632 Superior
St. N.

N.

W.

Phone 2078.
Hours, 7
to

'.

8.30 a

m 4

to 7

pm.

Hours. 7.30

to

9 a

m 5

to 7

p m.

Dr. D. A. Lane,
Office

Dr.
726 8 th

John

S.

Outlaw,
1611 12th Street. N.

and Residence.
St.

N. E.

W>

Hours, 8

to 10 a

m1

to

3 & 6

to

8 pm.

Hours. 5 to 7.30 p m.

Dr. J. H. Johnson,
2015
Telephone 2165-2.
Vt.

Wm.
Ave. N. W.

K. Price, M.

D.,

932 22nd

Street, N. W.

84

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

B.,

the College and Medical Departments, A.

1875

A. M., 1878

and

M.

D., 1881.

In October, 1881, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon and Resident Physician of Freedmen's Hospital by the Surgeon in Charge,
Dr. C. B. Purvis. This position he held until 1895, when he resigned to give his entire time to the practice of his profession. His large and varied experience, from having treated over 5,000 cases during his fourteen years at the hospital, has proven of great value
to

him.
Dr.

been professor of Clinical Medicine, Gynecology, Physiology, Hygiene, Medical Jurisprudence, Materia Medica, and Therapeutics of the Medical Department of Howard University. Since 1896, he has been its efficient secretary and Like all of our treasurer in addition to his duties as instructor. successful men, Dr. Shadd is characterized by liberality and public spirit. He was one of the founders, and for years a director of the For about five years he Industrial Building and Savings Company. served as a member of the School Board, and is an active participant in the Hampton, Va., Conferences, being chairman of the committee on sanitation and hygiene. In 1882, he married Miss Alice M. Parke, of Washington, who presides over a cultured and refined home, at 901 R street, 11. w. Their home is made happy by the presence of three promising children.
at different times

Shadd has

DR JAMES

R.

WILDER

was born at Columbia, S. C, and is the son of Hon. C. M. Wilder, who was Postmaster at Columbia for sixteen years. Dr. Wilder, like so many of our successful physicians, is an alumnus of Howard, having graduated in both pharmacy and medicine. He began the practice of medicine in this city on Capitol Hill in His promi1888, and has built up a large and lucrative practice. For traits are his progressiveness and his large public spirit. nent
ten years he gave his services free to the Home for Destitute Women and Children on 8th and Irving streets. He has been con-

nected with many of the co-operative business enterprises organized bv colored men in the District of Columbia during the last twelve years, having been a Director of the Alpha Life Insurance Co.,

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

85

PHYSICIANS Continued.
Hours, 7 to 9 a

m 5

to

pm.

Hours,

to 7

Geo. H. Richardson, M.
Residence.

Dv
St. N. E.

Sam'l A. Ward, M. D.,

1132 22nd
Hours. 9
St.

309 11th

N. W.

Hours.

to 1

m1

m 5

to 7

m
Dr.

to 1 1

m 4

to

6p

E. D. Scott, M. D.,
Office

W.

A. Warfield,
Freedman's Hospital.

and Residence,

903
Hours, 8
to

9th St N. E.
to

Phone. 1871.

am1

to

2 & 6

8 p m.

Office Consultation

from

to

10 a

m-3

to

Dr.

W.

7.30 p m.

K. Scott,
and
Obstetrical Practice Cash,

Office

Dr.

Samuel Roger Watts,

Office.

Nichols Ave., Hillsdale, D. C.

1343 V

St.

N. W.

Hours.

to

10 a

m2

to

3 & 6

to

8p m

Hours, 7.30

to

10 a
to

12.30

2 &

7 to

8 p m.

Dr. C. A. Sewell,
Office

Dr.

Frank

and Residence,

J. Physician and Surgeon, 1407 28th

St. N. W.

Webb,

1133 20th
Hours. 8 to 10 a

St. N.

W.

Telephone

2183

3.

m1
J.

to

2 & 5

to 7

Hours. 8

to I.

10 a m..

to

6 p m.

Dr.

Furmann

Dr. Chas.

Shadd,
901 R
St.

West.
St. N.

Chemical and Microscopical Examiniations.

N. W.

602 K
Phone
19.

W.

Phone 642.
Hours. 7 to 9 a m.

to

2& 6

to

8p

Hours. 8

to

10 a

m1

to

2 & 4

to

8 p m.

Dr. A.

W.

Tancil,
2111 Penna. Ave. N. W.

Dr.

J.

R. Wilder,
412 B
St.
S. E.

Physician and Surgeon,

Phone 2348.

Hours. 8.30

to

10 a

m4

to 7

Hours. 7.30 to 9 a

Sundays. 9

to 11.30 a m..

3 30 2

to
to

8 p m.
4 p m.

Dr. William L. Tignor,

Office

and Residence,

Dr. G. D. Williams,
St.

316 3d

S W.

1821 15th Street. N. W.

$6

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

Vice President of the Capital Savings Bank, director of the Industrial Building and Savings Company, and the organizer and
President of the Union Benefit Association. Dr. Wilder is a devout churchman, and is a secret-beneficial and charitable organizations,

member of several among them Masons, Odd Fellows, Good Samaritans and True Reformers. He is the examining surgeon for several lodges of Odd Fellows and the
Catholic Beneficial Society. In 1892 he married Miss Sallie C. Pierson, also of Columbia, and to them two charming children have been born, Charles McDuffie Wilder, jr., and Susan Maceo Wilder.

Dr. Wilder's success is evidenced by the fact that he has amassed considerable real estate purchased from the proceeds of his practice.

An
Dr.

institution that evidences a progressive

and benevolent

spirit is

DR. FRANCIS'

PRIVATE SANATORIUM.

John R. Francis has fitted up the building at 2112 Pennsylvania Avenue, with all modern conveniences and appliances for
the treatment of the sick in certain classes of ailments, giving as perfect sanitary and hygienic conditions as it is possible for them to
receive.

While a charge is made for patients, Dr. Francis has always regarded his sanatorium as much a benevolence as a business venture, since he never expected it to yield large dividends. It was opened in 1895, and its success has been all that its founder has hoped for it. To look into its clean, well-kept rooms, makes one think, if he must be sick, this is the place to be.

PLUMBERS.
the writer was getting up his Directory for 1892, he found Manson Robinson, plumber, doing business at 11 03 15th street, northwest. Robinson did not appear in the Union League Directory
for 1894,

When

having died about that time. There have been several attempts on the part of colored men to succeed in this lucrative business, but it has remained for Mr. John Swann, of

SWANN &
to

WILKINS, PLUMBERS,
Mr.

accomplish this

feat.

Swann

is

well

educated and thor.

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY

87

PHYSICIANS. Continued.
Hours,

to 10

a m--2 to

3 & 6

to

8 p m.

Curtis, A.

Surgeon-in-Chief

Dr. E. D. Williston,
Office

Freedmen's Hospital. Crusor, C B, 28th & Diim'on ave

St.

and Residence.
1434 T
N. W.

Phone 2091.

At wood, O M, 907

U nw

Blair, Joseph D, 403 3rd se Brooks, Philip B, 320 3rd sw

Daniels, J, 1137 24th nw Hall, J M, Homep'c, 15 14 L nw Johnson, Alex, 143 L nw McDuffie, J A, 1512 Madison Martin, Thomas D, 310 Y ave Pierre, S Madden, 920 24th nw Price, Peter W, 1247 Md ave ne Purvis, Charles B, n 18, 13th nw

WOMEN
Hours.

PHYSICIANS.
Dr. Carrie H.

to

10 a m.. 4 to

6 p m.

Dr. Julia R. Hall,

1517

Thomas,
N. W.

Street. N.

W.

1629 New Jersey Ave.

Phone 1197

PLASTERERS.
Banket, Brass, 909 12th nw Bord, Dennis S, 717 D se Brazzell,Wm, 716 Jackson's alley Brooks, Irwin H, 305 9th ne Brown, Sr. Philip, 1138 N ave nw Collins, Samuel B Jr,i3o6 28th nw Collins, Wm, 1306 28th nw Fleet, Mr, 1325 26th nw Fletcher, David A, 116 D se

PLUMBERS.

Swann

& Wilkins,
f Gas-Fitters, M St., N. W.
L
St.,

REGISTERED

Plumbers
1509

Hill,

James H,

Morton,

WA

18

se

L, 474

Wash nw

Residence 114

N.

W.

nw Nichols, James, 217 Poles, Scott, 1016 I ne Ross, Lloyd, 82 Defrees nw Trice, Mitchell, H, 1432 MadiWashington, son nw Whipp, Benjamin, 1129 ^th nw Woodward, John, 72 Defrees nw

Prompt

attention to all orders.

Wm

Lomax, Ernest, 211

G nw

88

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

oughly learned the business from R. C. Brooks, of 622 D street, for whom he worked twelve years. In 1895 he went into business for himself, and having formed a partnership with Mr. Wilkins, they have built up a business that gives them all they can do. This firm

some very particular work for the writer some months ago, amounting to over fifty dollars. I was surprised that they did not come to me for an "advance payment," to enable them to get their
did materials from the jobber.

The

materials were delivered as needed.

it

The

firm has sufficient capital to enable

to carry out its contracts

promptly.

MR. WHITEFIELD McKINLAY,

occupies a conspicuous place

among

the business

men

of the city, in

both

His career is a noteworthy example of how completely a man may master obstacles that grow out of race prejudice, if he possesses and utilizes the elements of business success. He was born in Charleston, S. C, in 1857, attended school at the
races.

Avery

Institute in Charleston

and, in 1874, entered the University

of South Carolina, where he remained until 1877. I 11 that year the Democratic State Government reorganized the University for white

students only.

in his native State, after

Mr. McKinlay then taught school for a short while which he spent two years at the Iowa College, at Grinnell, Iowa. On leaving this latter institution, in 1881, he

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

89

POOL and BILLIARDS.

Wm.

H. Lee.
POOL AND BILLIARD PARLOR. AND SHOOTING GALLERY.
225 PA. AVE.
N.

Martin's Pool and

Billiard Parlor, 3153 DUMBARTON
POOL
W.
2 1-2 C. CUE.

AVE.

GEO.

N.

CIGARS AND TOBACCO. MARTIN, PROP.

Bailey, Washington, 2016 7th

The Unity Club

Pool Parlor.
441 L STREET. N. W.

nw

YOUR PATRONAGt

IS

SOLICITED.
).

PIERRE. PROPRIETOR.

Bailey,

Washington,

1419

ave

nw

639 Pa ave se Henson, Geo F, 230 E sw Hoston, S H Albert, 1523 7th nw Hyder, J A, 1529 7th nw Hyder, John A, 2007 K nw Miner, J W, 1202 nth se Penrose, Jno H, 493 Mo ave nw Satterwhite, A L, 419 12th nw
Barkley, J

W,

PRINTERS.
QUICK

WORK

SATISFACTION
Printers,

SMITH BROS., Book and Job

816 4th Street, N.

W.
PUNCTUALITY!

FAIR PRICES!
WM.
A.

BALTIMORE.

JNO.

WM. MITCHELL.

HENRY BANKS.

Chas. E. Johnson,

Acme

Printing

Company,

Book and Job Printing

NEATLY DONE.
SPECIAL RATES TO CHURCHES. CLUBS AND SOCIETIES.
office, cor. first and e streets, s.w.

BOOK and JOB PRINTER,

ALL WORK PROMPTLY

AND NEATLY EXECUTED.

Cor.

4^

St.

and Ya. Ave.,

S.

W.

ITS PRINTED AT HARPERS. IT SUITS. THOMAS F. HARPER. GEO. A. HARPER.

IF

J.
THOS.
F.

Bishop Johnson,
"I Print Anything."

HflRPEB I BRO.,

Artistic

Booki Job Printers,

Book, Job and Commercial Printer.

ORIGINATORS OF COMMERCIAL CALENDAR. PROMPT ATTENTION TO ORDERS BY POSTAL.

PRICES

WORK DELIVERED WHEN PROMISED.

PHONE 2481-5.

ACCORDANCE WITH CHARACTER OF WORK.

IN

208 H STREET.

S.

W.

1201 R. Street. N.

W.

90

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

business in
three years.

obtained employment as an agent for a business corporation doing New York and Chicago, a position which he held for

In 1884, he came to Washington, and was appointed to a position in the Government Printing Office. This position he was compelled to relinquish under the first administration of President Cleveland,

then opened a real estate and loan office in this city. he has made an excellent record for accurate judgment, splendid tact, strict integrity, and prompt dispatch of business. His credit among many of the financial institutions of the city is strong and substantial, and his business clientele He is a director in the is not circumscribed by race limitations. Capital Savings Bank, and is also a stockholder in some of the He is a Mason, with substantial largest corporations in this city. influence among the craft, and in many ways has identified himself
in 1885.

He

By

strict attention to business,

with the leading activities that promote the general good of the race to which he belongs.

MR.
is

ROBERT

L.

PENDLETON
"art preservative of
arts,"

confidently put

forward as an example of a successful printer.

the

Having thoroughly learned

began business
tention
his
for

he

himself fourteen years ago in a modesc way,

little foot-press.

with a small amount of type and one

to

By

strict at-

business,

and

by being thoroughly progressive, his

business has steadily grown.

He added
now
on a small

to his plant
full

from time

to

time as opportunity offered, and

for all kinds of job-printing

has a

assortment of type,

scale.

He makes

a specialty of keeping the latest styles of types.

His

office is lighted

by

electricity,

and his presses run by the same magic

Directory since
in its success.
issue
in
is

power, thus ensuring smoothness and evenness of the impressions.

He
a

has been the printer of this

its

first

1892,

and has been no small factor

is

Mr. Pendleton

popular Mason, and

the patron of one of the chapters of the

Eastern Star.
Anacostia, D. C.

He

is

married,

and has a comfortable home in


UNION LEAGUE
DIRECTORY,
91

PRINTERS. Continued.
ESTABLISHED 1886.

R* L, Pendleton,
Electric

in..
printers,

Power
524

Book and Job

Office,

P-<f* 4-/i|- 9 * llIVM?!

N.W.,
F.)

iotn Street,
(COR.

904 K

St.,

N.

W.
ave

"

With

.1

large assortment of the

Quick, Reliable Work.

Reason, Chas H, 2462 P Perm & Williams, 1220

latest type-faces and other facilities, together with a complete, modern electric plant to run presses, I am equipped to give the very best and quickest service at a minimum charge.

nw

NY

PUMP MAKER
Dorsey, Charles M, 622 12th ne

and REPAIRER.

REAL ESTATE

and LOANS.

Real Estate, Loans and Insurance.

Rents Collected. Titles Examined, Abstracts made and information given on Desirable property for sale in all parts of the Real Estate. District, Maryland and Virginia, by

LEWIS

H.

DOUGLASS.
609

Street, N.

Real Estate Agent. W. Room 11.

sw
st.

Telephone 1387.

Jefferson, Lewis, 1901 1st

Whitefield McKinlay,
Real Estate, Loans. Insurance

Fletcher,

L Gorham, 609 F
11.

nw.,

Room

and Notary

Public.

Meriwether, James H,
13th st nw.

1822

936 F

Street, N. W.

SALOONS and RESTAURANTS.

Gaskins

&

Gaines, 320 8th

nw

Nat

Costley, 131 3 E Jamison, J H, 731 3d sw

Gray

&

nw

Key, Robt H, 443 1st sw Moore & Priolean, 12 16 Pa ave

Protect'e League, 340 Pa av Philadelphia House, 348 Pa av Ryan, Jack M, 311 Pa av Silence Bros, 430 8th nw Taylor, Reuben, 322 sw

92

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

SAND DEALERS.
Brass, Joseph

Sr, 37

H sw

Burnett, R, 49

H sw

SANATORIUM.
FOR OBSTETRICS. GYNECOLOGY, SURGERY MEDICINE, REST CURE.
,

Dr* John R> Francis'

Private
Visiting

Sanatorium,
3 to 5 P. M.

2112 Pa. Ave,, N. W.,

TELEPHONE CALL. 988.

Hours Daily from

This Institution is established for the care of sick persons whose home environments, as is well known, so often prevent proper treatment and rapid convalescence. The object is to guarantee to such persons the careful, scientific treatment of the hospital, combined with the comforts of home.

Any physician in good standing will be permitted to enter and treat here proper cases, from his private practice, the compensation being as usual, a matter of agreement between himself and his patient. In such cases a fee will be charged only for room, board, nursing, ordinary medicine, and any assistance by me which may be desired. A corps of trained nurses is constantly on hand by day and night. No insane, contagious, or other objectionable cases admitted. All surgical operations will be charged for according to agreement FEES made in advance. The usual fee will be charged for obstetrical cases. The other charges will be a fee of $15 to $50 per week to include board, nursing, medical attendance, and ordinary medicine, especially such as can reasonably be furnished in that safe and most desirable form, tablet triturates. Special nurse, $15 per week extra. All fees must invariably be paid in advance.
:

SHOOTING GALLERY.

WM.

H. LEE, 225 Penna. ave. nw. and Billiard Parlor.

Shooting, Gallery, Pool

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

93

SHOEMAKERS.
J. B.

Brown,
1205 N. Y. Ave.. N.

J.

R. Green,
Boot and Shoemaker.

W.

Shoemaking and

Repairing'.

Repairing- neatly and promptly done.

All work done with care and in a work-

manlike manner.

750 14th Street, N. E.

Allen, Jas, 322 12th

nw

Armstead, A, 363 L sw Barnes, J H, 2720 Poplar nw Barnes, J T, 2710 Poplar Bernard, Robert, 318 H ne Briles, John R, 2216 7th nw
Brooks, Albert, 45 L nw Brooks, B, 2035 L nw Coles, Cornelius, 639 N nw Cheeks, Frank M, 735 2nd ne Corvan, R H, 820 10th nw Dade, S, 26th and P nw Duekett, Samuel, Nichols ave Dudley, Mrs L, 624 3rd sw Gilmore, N, 123S 20th nw Gordon, J, 246 12th ne Grandison, Jerry, 604 Md ave ne Gray, James, 27th and P nw Gross, Thomas, 358 F sw Haskins, Iverson, N J ave & S nw

Matthews, Henry B, 202 7th se Minor, Robert H, 700 East Cap Nesby, Edward, 632 Pomeroy nw Newman, Arthur W, 12th and

R nw
Oakley, J R, 1920 R nw Patterson, A S, 1303 nth se Perry, William H, 19 F ne Reynolds, A, 1808 T nw Reynolds, Walker L, 220 K sw Rohde, F, 1410 T nw H, 637 Acker ne Ross, Roy, Augustus, 644 Acker ne Schenck, C A, 1104 4th nw Schenck, Louie A, 12 18 N. Y. ave nw Shanks, S T, 301 9th ne Slaughter, Richard, 620 2nd sw Smalls, Jupiter, 2204 E nw Smallwood, Joseph, 819 23rd nw Steward, James, 24 M sw Sullivan, John R, 605 y/> ne Taylor, J L, 1817 S nw Thompson, Peter, 1703 8th nw Timlick, J, 32 McCullough Ct Vaden, E P, 1531 15th nw Watson, E A, 1150 21st nw Williams, Mac C, 1335 28th nw Williams, Marshall, 43 N nw Wood, Jas W, 826 10th ne

Harvey, L, 121 K nw Harvey, L R, 444 N nw Holmes, G G, 1461 Madison

Jackson, A M, 4 Q nw Johnson, George, 119 E nw Johnson, James E, 315 7th se Johnson, James, 522 20th nw Johnson, John, 730 nth nw Kager, Isaiah, 425 nth ne Lomax, A P, 1200 2nd se

SHROUD MAKERS.
Dudley, Mrs L, 624 3d sw
Dyer, Mrs R, 1030 3d sw

94

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

STENOGRAPHERS
Cora E. Dorsey.
Christine Dorsey.

and
J.

TYPEWRITERS.
E. Johnson,

Misses Dorsey,
Typewriting and Stenography,
-

Committee Stenographer House of Representatives.

Residence, 1130 15th
st.

Private Instructions Given.

N.

W.

Room

9 L,e Droit Building,

Frederick M. Sims,
N. W.

Cor. 8th

and F

sts.

Stenographer,
609

Arthur

S. Gray,

st.

N.

W. Room

8.

Teacher of

William H. Sykes,
Private Secretary to Register of Treasury.

Stenography and Typewriting.

Individual and class instruction.
2302 6th street, N.

W.

Address

330 Spruce

st.

N. W.

Chase, Daniel W, Stenographer and Typewriter. Rates reasonable, 141 2 1 2th nw

Lewis, Miss Carrie, 907 N nw Stewart, John M, 181 6 Valley

st

nw
Tinners, Etc

STOVE REPAIRERS See

Wm.
st,

Dickerson
s.
,

w New
Stoves.

& Son, 713 Half

and SecondExchanging

Dickerson,

Wm,

Hand

Madden, Jesse, 8th & S nw Toney, Wm, 11 14 22d nw

Wright,
I,

713

]/i

st

sw

a specialty.

730 3d sw

TAILORS, REPAIRING, ETC.

F. A. Douglas,
Tailor.

Bennett B. Slade
Merchant
Cleaning, Altering
to.

&

Co.,

and Repairing neatly done. Making a Specialty.

Altering

Tailors.

Sacisfaction guaranteed.
All

work promptly attended

Goods called
St.

for

and Repairing. and delivered.

1202

1603 Eleventh

N. W.

St.

N. W.

Helen Epperson,
Tailoring.

P. S.

Toland,
Late with Ceo.
T.

Keen.

Ladies' and Gent's fine Tailoring.

Dyeing, Cleaning, Scouring and Repairing.

All

work guaranteed.

Dyeing, Cleaning, Altering and Repairing Neatly Done.

904 E

St.

N.

W.

908

21st Street, N.

W.

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

95

TAILORS, REPAIRING, ETC. Continued.

R. A. Payne,
Tailonng. Scour.ng and Dyemg.

Gent's Suits
in

elegantly cleaned

and pressed

first-class style at short notice.

sw Bushi Mrs s A Cooper, A H, 493 Mo ave 11W 822 1 2th nw R a f\ is JT n o

^

,T ^

Altering a specialty.
1511

Washington, Geo ttt W,

,

1-a

1 1

22 19th

,i

St.

N. W.

LADIES' TAILORS.

L. Stewart West, Ladies Tailor,

1502
Harris,

15th

Street.

N.

W.

Mrs Lavinia, 733 nth nw

TINNING, HEATING and ROOFING.

Personal Attention Given

To

Repairing

and Painting Roofs.

JESSE

Formerly of Madden Bros.

J.

MADDEN,
J~&aZii^z,

Jlnnin-a
Lomax, Ernest, 214 G nw Murphy, Win M, 325 10th

and
se
alle

Cor. 8th and S Streets, N. W.

Wheeler,

Washington, Daniel, Glick's

Wm, 1023 3d nw Winters, 742 8th nw Yeatman, Geo W, 488 G sw

Bailey's
Adjusts
L. C.
itself perfectly to

Improved Truss
Impossible to become displaced.

the rupture.

Sent postage paid to any address on receipt of Price $3.00.

BAILEY,

609 F

Street, N.

W.

WELL DIGGER.
Anderson, James H, 2216 7th

nw

96

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY,

UNDERTAKERS.
called, is one in which colored men have met signal success. In 1892, the date of the first Union League Directory, there were In 1894 there were ten, and in 1901 the number has grown seven. To win the confidence that makes it possible for so to seventeen. many to succeed in this exacting and delicate business has been no

The commonly

business of the

funeral

director or " undertaker," as

it is

easy task.

The man who has been longest in the front of this contest and who comes out at the close of twenty-eight years of success with a
splendid business establishment
is

of

132, 3rd street,

MR. JAMES H. DABNEY, He has as fine hearses, northwest.

1

carriages and

His horses as any undertaker or livery stable keeper in he city. of the late Hon. B. K. Bruce, was generally service at the funeral admitted to have been admirable in every respect. In regard to his business career he said to the writer a few days

ago
"

quite
years,

came to Washington, D. C, from Richmond, Va., when After being here a few a boy just at the close of the war. When I had I went to work as an undertaker's apprentice.

about the year 1872, on a Saturday evening, I and, on the Monday following, left the service of my employer (with a great deal less than a $5.00 bill), I rented a place and started

completed

my

trade,

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

97

UNDERTAKERS.

Jf\S>.
Carriages for
all

H.

DfVBNEY,
Ut> /l&OvO'l>.
N. W.
Office,

Hire
.

for
.

occasions

T / JfUlls&l'&C

T)

<

1132
'Phone, 1727.

3D STREET,

Branch

Alexandria, Va.

jesse Barnes ^
r

UNDERTAKER. and FUNERAL DIRECTOR

No. 614 Four and a Half Street, S.

Sltep

r5 Pro,T7Pt,y to

W.

JAMES
Undertaker
1206
All

H.

WINSLOW,
Residence next door,

and Practical Embalmer* R. STREET N. W,

work

first-class.

Most reasonable terms. 'Phone, 246 1-2

J. H. Undertaker and
Office

WEST,
Embalmer.
Day
or Night.

All orders promptly attended to

----

2101 9th Street, N. W.

GEO. W. MORGAN, Undeitaket and Embalmet

201 F Street, Southwest.

98

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY,

business for myself. Through difficulties numerous and great I have stuck to the business until the present time. I have never been backed by any capital other than my own labor."

Mr. Dabney also has a branch office in Alexandria, Va., which meets with a proportionate degree of success. His experience is further evidence, that it is not so much a matter of capital, at the beginning, as it is to be thoroughly equipped, and then to devote
one's self to the business in hand.

MR. JESSE BARNES,

the most successful undertaker in South Washington, is only one of many of our self-made men. Born of slave parents at Liverpool Point, Md., in 1854; began in Washington by working for a florist, with whom he remained until the former went out of business. Later he went to work in a hotel, and while there, made up his mind to learn the business of an undertaker sought and obtained a place with Mr. Geo. P. Zurhorst, remaining with Mr. Zurhorst three
;

and-a-half years without any wages, receiving only his food.

When

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

9<>

UNDERTAKERS. Continued
CHARLES DABNEY,
...

GEO.

C.

H.

BETTER,

Funeral

Director...
N.

Office, 14H9 -'Sth St.,

W.

bflto.
1408 S. Carolina Ave., S. E.

Terms Reasonable.

J. /?. Christian,

GEO. A. BETTER,

Jr.

Undertaker and Embaltner^>*

1239 Seventh Street, Northwest.

Funeral Director,
229 12th Street,
Prompt
S.

E.

attention, the best service.

Campbell, Geo N. 522 3rd

sw

Scott,

McKenzie, 182 1

L nw and

Campbell, Stewart, 319 F sw Jordan, Wiley, 161 7 12th nw Mason, Geo W, Nichols ave Morgan, G W, 201 F sw

438 2nd sw Stern, J C, 1037 L sw Stone, John, 2nd and N sw West, Samuel M, 807 R nw

UPHOLSTERERS.
Body, John H, 2005 K nw Bruce, Chas F, 819 13th ne Green, Walker G, 712 I ne McDowell, J H, 1115 15th nw Mowbray, H H, 13th and H nw
Baxter, Jno H, 234 43^

sw

Plummer, Thos

C, 904

N nw

Talbott, Isaac, 633 nw Webb, Lucretia, 100 4*<< sw West, John H, 2201 9th nw

West, Samuel M, 807

R nw

VARIETY STORES.

MRS. HYMAN'S

VARIETY STORE,
101 Seventh Street,

1618 7th Street, Northwest,

S E.

5 and 10 Cent Store,

ICE

Martina Dyson, Prop'r.

CREAM PARLOR AND CONFECTIONERY.

Kent, Geo, 1413 28th

nw

IOO
he

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

felt that he was master of the business, he went in with the late R. D. Young, in 1887, and remained with him until Mr. Young's

death, after

which he worked with MeKenzie

Scott.

In February, 1893, he married Miss Elizabeth Scott, whose father was a carpenter in the Pension Office. In August of the same year they started in the undertaking business for themselves, Mrs. Barnes taking care of the office and keeping the books. No small
part of his success
is due to her tactful management of the office. Principle, chardoes a business of $20,000 a year. Asked what acter and attention to business are his watch-words. message he wanted to send to the aspiring youth of his race who

Mr. Barnes

now

wanted

to

go into business

business you like, thoroughly

matter how small. with a business air.

Choose some into it, no Be polite and obliging but approach people Stick to your business and success will be
for
fit

themselves he said
yourselves for
;

"

it,

start

yours, if you are willing to

work hard.

,,

No

less notable

has been the success as a funeral director of

MR. JAMES
located at 1206
Va., in 1850,

HENRY WINSLOW,

R street, northwest. He was born in Culpepper Co., and served as a slave until 1864. He earned his first money at farming, which he followed for five years. But young Winslow was not making headway enough and gave up farming and came to Washington in 1S69. His first employment was as a laborer He next learned 011 the sewer works which were then being built. and worked at that for several years. In the business of a cobbler, 1888 he began in the undertaking business, having by this time saved up considerable money. By strict attention to business he rapidly built up a splendid business, which has enabled him to add to his real estate holdings until now, in addition to the large stock of caskets, coffins and other undertaker's supplies, which he carries at all times in his warerooms, he has some twenty small houses
under
rental.

In addition to a large clientele among the general public, he has contracts to direct the funerals for over no secret and beneficial
societies.

Mr. Winslow

is

a stockholder, the superintendent

and secretary-

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.
and KALSOMINERS.
Jefferson,

101

WHITEWASHERS
(This
list is

evidently incomplete.)

Banket, Brass, 909 12II1 nw Banks, J, 2037 L nw Cutler, John K, 60S L nw Gordon, J M, 2253 Cleveland ave Harris, Chas H, 707 L nw Harris, Robert, 1444 Madison nw

Win H, 13 14 Naylor's Court Neale, Robert D, 2912 D nw Selvy, Peter, 1028 1st nw Smith, James, 2604 P nw Tabbs, R H, 915 nth nw "Williams, A, 619 Mass ave nw

WOOD, COAL and FUEL DEALERS.

(Many
of these also en^-aired in other lines of business.)

HENRY SAYLES, Coal, - Wood, - Coke

AND
Office

WATTS &
Dealers In

BRO.,

Wholesale and Retail

ICE.
prices.

WOOD
212

AND

COAL,

At the lowest market

Street, Southwest.

and Yard. Sheridan Avenue, Douglass Hall, Hillscale, D. C.

near

Full weight and measure. All orders promptly attended to and delivered to any part of the city.

Armwood, James, 27th bet

and

K nw
Barker, Win, 212 Reeves PI nw Beekley, S J, 2519 nw Bell, Sara, 2614 P nw Bragg, Henry T, 1448 Sampson Branson, James, 539 6th se Brown, Charles, 817 23rd Coles, James T, 1621 nth nw Carter, Charles, 237 L nw Curtis, X H, 43 X nw Edelin, John A, 18th and B se

Johnson, George E, 817 23rd nw Merrick, James, 45 Reeves PI nw Oden, Anthoney, 1407 Mass ave ne Orr, James C, 944 24th nw Peterson, Thomas, 1035 3rd sw Phillipps, Solomon, 338 Wilson

nw
Scott, Joshua, 413 5th se

Stewart.
Stotts,

David C, 315 H sw Sydnor & Vincent, 2133 10th

O J,

117

se

Goines, Charles P, wholesale

nw

and

retail,

1200

R nw

Thompson, Walter, 1627 I2tn nw

Tibbs, Willis, 2038 10th

Golden, Green, 2 Sullivan Court Gunnell, R H & Son, 617 2nd sw

nw

Hicks,

Wm

H, 803 Grant ave

nw
Holmes, Mrs, 2524 Messmore ave Jacobs, Geo, 1233 27th nw

Tilghman, Louis, 321 I se Tomlen, L, 162 1 Madison Turner, John T, 926 25th nw
Withers, A W, 1501 P nw White, Geo, 423 5th se Winston, C P, 2250 9th nw

102
treasurer

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

of Payne's Cemetery Association, which does a business of over $3,000 a year; a member of Social Lodge, No. 1, F. A. A. M.; Mt. Nebo Tabernacle of the Sons and Daughters of

Moses St. James Lodge of Chaldeans Reuben Fountain, True Reformers Progress Lodge, Good Samaritans Peter Ogden Lodge Odd Fellows the Elder Men's Relief Association, and some others. Associated with Mr. Winslow are Mr. Zeph P. Moore and Mr.
; ; ; ;
;

T. Smith, both of them graduates of the Massachusetts School of Embalming and experts in their line.

Wm.

..

La Honesta
>

Cigars

We

take pleasure in announcing to the Trade that we are prepared to furnish the following
line of Cigars, all

hand made.
bound to throughout the
is

THE

FRED. DOUGLASS,

healthy Five Cent Cigar which

a

become United

general

favorite

States.

FORTUNE'S FAVORITE,
An
Havana Ten Cent Cigar which upon its own dignity anywhere.
all

will stand

THE

B.

K.
all

BRUCE,
Havana
Fifteen Cent Cigar which has
its

An

no superior of

kind in the Trade.

EL ECO.

BONITO.

EL ROYALO.

Orders invited by Mail or Telegram.

Douglas, Fortune
4 Cedar
Street.

&

Co.,

NEW YORK

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

103

RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION BY THE UNION LEAGUE OF THE BUSINESS MOVEMENT AMONG THE COLORED PEOPLE OF WASHINGTON.
A SOCIAL STUDY
(compiler's note.)

The data from which this study is made was gathered by the Union League canvassers during the months of October and November, 1900, as explained in the Introduction. The data sought was under the following heads Name of proyears in the business amount of capital inprietor location vested, and gross amount of annual receipts.
: ;

This being a volunteer investigation, and without any

sanction
cases.
it

official

was, of course, impossible to get correct

amounts

in all

The

canvassers, however, were an unusually intelligent

and

well equipped body of men.

Several of

them

are college graduates.

Before starting out they met and

agreed, as

near as possible,

Although it was impossible to get complete data in all cases, enough reliable data, however, was collected to enable Mr. Ellis to make a valuable study of the business movement among the colored people of Washington at the close of the Nineteenth Century. The lists of mechanics are not complete since they were not easy to locate. There are obvious omissions in some other lines. It is but fair to say that the territory between 10th and iSth streets, northwest, was not thoroughly canvassed, and it is there, that most of the omissions may be found. There is considerable discrepancy between the actual number of This proprietors and the number of names found in the Directory. is owing to duplications caused by the fact that the same establishment often combines several kinds of business, each of which had
on uniformity
in

methods.

to be listed under

its

separate head. of colored proprietors returned by the canvas-

The
sers
is

total

number

thirteen

hundred and two, of

whom

seventy-one are in the

professions, (excluding those in office).

These seventy-one and one

hundred and seventy-one "business enterprises" properly so-called, and two, because the data returned was incomplete and for other reasons.
are not included in tables one

io4

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

This investigation developed three very important facts in relation to the colored business man that cannot be stated in figures,

which reveal conditions that must, in a large measure, be corrected before the colored man can hope for any considerable success
facts

in the marts of trade.

i.

Many

colored business

men

are very vindictive, because they

do not get the patronage of their

2.

own

race.

Many

colored persons in business are lacking in politeness,

to please their patrons.

civility

and the disposition

The

writer,

who

canvassed personally one-fourth of the city and has visited almost all of the important business people at intervals during the last
ten years
canvassers.
is

compelled to add his teslimony to that of the other Of course there are many notable exceptions, and they

are invariably the

more successful

ones.

have often been startled

indifference,

by the attitude of

coldness, hostility and

utter

which
colored
al-

many proprietors would show toward their customers. man feels that he is in a hostile environment, and that he must

The

ways be on the defensive. the canvassers was the 3. Another very general fact reported by many cases where there was a lack of evidence of the spirit of
business enterprise, energy and "puslr/' accompanied oftentimes

by untidyness and sometimes uncleanliness.

The

following careful analysis of the data collected by the Union

is

League,

the

work of Mr. George W. Ellis, LL.

B.,

of the University of Kansas.

(Graduate of Gunton Institute of Economics,

New York

City.)

Washington For
of her vast

is,

in

many

this reason, if for

respects, the most magnificent city of the world. no other, an examination into the economic condition

Negro population, is highly important. As a partial justification of arranged the hopes of those interested in this examination, tables have been permanence in business, the number of persons employed, the showing the amount of capital invested, and the gross annual receipts of the business enterIt was further hoped that the investigaprises of the Negroes of Washington. morals, tion would throw more light upon their general progress in intelligence,
wealth and social culture.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.
No.
1.

105

TABLE

This table shows the permanence of the Negro Business Enterprises Washington, classified according to years in business.
Business.
i

in

Under
1

Year.

to :i years,

3 to 5

5 to 10 10 to 20 Over 20 Total. years. Years. Years. Years

1
I

Barbers Blacksmiths and Wheelrights Boots. Shoes and Repairing... Bricklayers Carpenters
Caterers Coal and Wood Confectioneries, etc

31
1

27
11

28
IS 24

17

131
11

1"
11

9
1
1

11

21
I

4
14

Dining Rooms Dressmakers

Druggists Dyers and Cleaners Eating Houses Expres .men
Dealers

4
1

11
1

54 43 19 14 32 56 2o 69 8
10

11
1
1

14 17
4
:i

12
;u

39
1

10
1

87 106 8

Fish and Oyster Dealers

*

11
1.

rn icers

44
4
'

9 27

13 17

123
12

Hackmen
Hotel Keepers Hucksters Insurance Companies Marketing, etc Notions, etc Painters Plasterers, Kalsominers, etc. Pool Rooms Printers Saloons Tailor.

6
1
->

8
8
6
14

3
->

14

6
1

44

8
10 9

15
11

9 8 9
17

Undertakers
Total*
130 217
24 c

125

1,060

PERMANENCE

IN BUSINESS.

In this city there are 83 different occupations in which the Negro is doing husiness as proprietors. In preparing the foregoing tahle only 30 of the S3 occupations have been used. These 30, however, include all those occupations in

which there are more than five establishments. In the thirty occupations there Of these seventy-two have been are one thousand and sixty proprietors. in business less than one year; 258 from one to three years; 139 from three to five years; 217 from five to ten years; 249 from ten to twenty years, and L25 more than twenty years. The above facts controvert the common assertion that the Negro cannot successfully conduct business. Of 1,000 Negro proprietors
have been in business more than one year, and only 6.7 per cent, than one year; while 24.3 per cent, have been in business from one to three years; 13.1 per cent, from three to five years; 20.4 per cent, from five to ten
93.3 per cent, less

io6

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

years; 23.5 per cent, from ten to twenty years, and 11.8 per cent over twenty This indicates great permanence in business. years.

TABLE No. 2. This table gives the number of Employees, Capital Invested and Gross
Annual Receipts of the
Business.
thirty kinds of business selected.

Employees.
129 407 27 74 91
2l
>

Capital.

Annual
Receipts.
19,900 200,800 11,800 28,570 900 15,750 30,900 116,259 49,460 46,390 23,170 18,800 71,571 105.350 25,500 72,700 311,620 42,690 124,900 21,775 132.525 8,225
22. soi
i

Banks, Insurance and Real Estate Barbers Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights Boots, Shoes and Repairing

82.000 56.490
4.575 9,950 25 2,850 4,100 32,280 10,600 14,112 8,445 12,400 11,147 30,835 3,400 9,480 90,355 27,550 65,700 4,750 12.420 3,780 2,015 0,025 10,700 87,600 9,325 37,800

Bricklayers Carpenters
Caterers.

Coal and

Wood
...

Confectioneries, Etc

Dining Rooms
Dress Makers Druggists Eating Houses

54 74 77 67 140
14

Expressmen Feed Stores Fish and Oyster Dealers

Grocers

180 172
21
12')

Hackmen
Hotel Keepers

H ucksters
Marketing, etc
Notions, etc Painters

625 59 64 28
81 14

Pool Rooms
Printers

Saloons
Tailors

Undertakers White Washers, etc

Totals.
*

56 25 34 57 57 49
4<>

752
S654,7bl

15,350 18,050 121.000 25,900 61,500 15,730

51,779,925

Bank and Building Association

receipts,

amounting to over $600

000

per annum, are not

included.

In these thirty kinds of business enterprises, 2,880 persons are employed; $654,761 are invested, and their gross annual receipts are $1,779,925. In six of the occupations more commonly pursued by Negroes in general namely: eating houses, dining rooms, barber-shops, pool rooms, catering establishments and saloons, only 790 persons are employed, a little less than 27 1/; per cent, of the total employees for the 30 occupations; the invested capital is but 27.7 per cent., and the gross volume of business only 27.3 per cent, of the While in the higher occupations requiring greater business capacity $1,779,925. and experience for success, as druggists, grocers, tailors, undertakers, confectioners, bankers, real estate agents, etc., 951 persons are employed, 5.6 per cent, more than in the occupations to which, until recently, the Negro has confined his business efforts. In these hitrher classes of business he also has invested 9.3

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

107

per cent, more capital, and is doing 27.3 per cent, of all the general business. These facts afford the strongest evidence that the Negro, even against the great barriers of American prejudice, has profited by his experience in the lower occupations, and is now pushing his way along the lines of the higher ones requiring technical skill and the most improved methods of management, into the great heart of the business world.

TABLE
Table No. 3 includes
all

No.

3.

the

business

enterprises
in

Union League canvassers

classified

in

which Negroes

returned by the Washington are engaged,

according to variety of business

Artists

Hackmen
1

31
4

Authors Bakers

4
1

Bank
Barber Shops
Bicycles, etc

Hair-dressers Hall Owners Hotel-keepers

6
14 12
4

Blacksmiths, etc

142 9 13
1

Hucksters
Ice Cream Makers Ice Dealers

Book Store
Boot Black Stands
Boots. Shoes, etc Bottles and Junk Bricklayers-Contractors Building Association

14
61

Insurance Jewelers

4 4
1
1

Jobbing and RepairingLaundries

....

Lawyers
Livery and Carriages

Cabinet Maker Carpet Cleaners Carpenters-Contractors

Caterers Chiropodist

Loans and Real Estate

6 4

15
1

Marketing Music and Music Teachers Newspapers and Publishers Notions-Etc

Painters-contractors

4 5 23 4 5 49
11 4

Cement Worker
Cigar Manufacturer and Wholesale Tobacco Dealer.
Cigars, retail
+ C< >al

1
1

and Wo< >d

.

Confectionery Shops Contractors. General

Dairies

34 5b 17

Paper-hanger Pattern-maker Physicians Photographers

53
3
1

Plumber
Pool-n 10ms Printers Saloons

11
c

Dancing Academies
Dentists
10
2

Department Stores Dining Rooms Dressmakers

Second-hand Stores Shroud-makers

Stove-repairers Tailors Tile and Slate-roofer Tinners, Etc

9 2 2
3

23

Drug

Stores Dyers and Cleaners

89 8
11

9
1

4
11)

Eating Houses
Electrician

95
1

Employment Expressmen
Feed Stores
Fertilizers

Offices

8 128 10
1

Trained Nurses Truss-maker Typewriters and Stenographers Uph< ilsterers Undertakers White Washers. Etc
Total Less duplications

Fish and Oyster Dealers Fruit Stands

Florists Groceries, Etc
4

130
1

Gun and Locksmith

+ 28

1,302
15

dealers in cnal and wood arc also counted as trrocers; other duplications are counted in other occupations.

caterers, 13 contractors

and six

108

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

A

FEW EXPLANATIONS.

For the city of Washington 1,302 proprietors are engaged in 83 occupations. Not all of the occupations, strictly speaking, are distinctly different. But one or two classes of business are divided because of the wide difference in the nature of the business establishment. For example, a distinction is made between places with a counter and a few chairs, a majority of whose patrons buy their food and eat it elsewhere, and places with dining halls and serving meals
has appeared justifiable more, however, on account of the two classes of places. The eating houses in many cases are mere cook shops. Moreover, not all of the 1,302 proprietors are great business men; yet they all belong to that class, because they do not work in service but earn their living by means of their occupations as independent proprietors, with something to sell in the public market, subject to all the laws of business and of trade. The lawyers, doctors and dentists were not included in table No. This is a matter 2, because the returns were not sufficiently full to warrant it. of deep regret. The fact, however, that there are 23 lawyers, 10 dentists and 53 *physicians, is indeed significant. And more so because some of the physicians receive from three to five thousand dollars per annum from their

on a high order.

It

social influence of the

practice.

MAGNITUDE OF NEGRO BUSINESS

But after
all,

IN

WASHINGTON.
is

the most important fact obtained from this investigation

that *1,302 proprietors afford a livelihood for

more than

3,000 employees;

have

invested in capital more than seven hundred thousand dollars, and do an annual

business of more than two million dollars in the real business occupations of
life.

It is

important as indicating the growth of the Negro's financial power

of his industrial efforts, the rising of his standard of his social life at large.

and the increasing complexity

of living

and the progressive character

INFLUENCE OF THE COMPLEX ECONOMIC

LIFE.

A careful study of the nations of the earth has revealed the fact that not only is the economic life of a people a measure of that people's civilization, but actually determines the very nature and quality of its civilization; and, that in proportion as the economic life becomes more complex, the standard of life rises and the civilization advances. In India, China, Spain and Russia, where the economic life is simple, the civilization is correspondngly low. In Germany, France, England and America, where the economic life is the most heterogeneous and complex, the standard of living is the highest and civilization most widely diffused among the masses. The history of civilization as shown by writers like Buckle, Guizot, Draper and Lecky, proceeds along economic lines, where is centered the most material
* Thirty-eight of the 53 physicians and seven of the 10 dentists are actively engaged in the practice of their profession. The rest are otherwise engaged part of the day. *

One- hundred aud ninety have capital above

$509.;

of these 87 are barber shops.

UNION LEAGUE
interest,

DIRECTORY.
life.

109
For most
will, eco-

through the social to the moral and political phases of

of the energies of the

human

race are

consumed

in

making

a living and all per-

manent progress must be rooted nomic might still rules the world.

in these efforts.

For say what you

ECONOMIC INFLUENCE ON THE WASHINGTON NEGRO.

It is

a progressive

evident from this examination that the Negro in Washington possesses economic life. His employment was diversified the moment the
life

economic

became complex.

Out

of this diversification of

employment came
material interest.

new ideas and wants clustered about new and More and more, he is made mutually dependent with this mutual dependence is growing among
justice

diversified

in his industrial life.

Along

the people a better sense of

and a nobler type of virtue and benevolence; because this mutual dependforcing upon them the fact that the interest of each in justice, business, virtue and freedom is wrapt, up in the justice, business, virtue and freedom
ence
of
is
all.

The influence of the Negro's economic life has also expressed itself in the increasing interest in intelligence and a high standard of living, as evidenced by the increasing number of those who read better books, obtain finer pictures to adorn the walls and dwell in more comfortable and elegantly furnished
homes.

THE PROBLEM OF THE NEGRO.

The superiority
cial culture

of other races, in so far as they are superior, is the natural

economic development. Education, morality and somust have as their basis a sound and high order of economic life. The facts and figures obtained in this investigation are incidental, but they reveal the trend of the Negro masses in economic independence, power and complexity. With economic differentiation widely diffused among the Negro masses in business, it is but a short step into the great economic life of the Republic with all of its influences for American opportunities and power. The race
result of a higher order of

may

progress along

many

lines;

a few individuals

may

achieve distinction in

their respective occupations, but the chief battle of the

one, yet to be fought on the great plain of

Negro is an industrial industry; and until this battle is

won the race at large cannot witness the when man shall be measured by what he
Washington, D. C, January. 1901.

roseate blush of the world's better day

is.

GEO. W. ELLIS.

HO

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN SOUTH WASHINGTON.

The
section of

BY THE COMPILER. Washington between 7th and South Capitol

streets

and south of

the Pennsylvania railroad tracks is selected for a special study because it is there that the business movement among the colored people of Washington has reached a larger development than in any other section of equal population.

Fortunately the returns from that section are quite full. It was canvassed by Dr. R. T. Hamilton, who devoted several days to the work. The number of business enterprises returned is 148, of which complete data as to years in business, number of persons employed, capital invested, and gross amount of annual business, were returned for 144. Of these 14 had been in business over twenty years; 22 from ten to twenty years; 32 from five to ten years; The number of persons employed 36 from one to five, and 40 under one year.

was
17

The total capital invested was $72,317. 320. One had capital of $5,000; 13 from $2,000 to $5,000; 10 from $1,000 to from $5 00 to $1,000; 18 from $250 to $500; 31 from $100 to $250, and

$2,000;

54 less

than $100.

The gross amount of annual business was $308,758. Of this amount there were four who did over $20,000 each per annum; nine from $10,000 to $20,000; four from $5,000 to $10,000; eight from $3,000 to $5,000; twenty-six from $1,000 to $3,000; and ninety-three under $1,000 per annum. There are in this one section 41 business enterprises of colored persons, with Barber, one; bicycle, one; blackcapital above $500, including the following: bmith, one cafe, one druggists, two; dyer, one expressmen, two; dealers in feed, two; junk, one; sand, two; fuel, three; groceries and produce, eight;
;

hucksters, two;

saloon, two; undertakers, four; one contracting bricklayer,

hackmen, two: laundry, one; pool room, one; printers, two; and one general conSouth Washington by

tractor and wholesale dealer in fertilizers..

The business

built

up

in

MR. LEWIS JEFFERSON somewhat notable. He is engaged in many business enterprises his chief Is business being to collect and ship manure and other fertilizers on out of town This business nets him a handsome income. He also makes a speorders.
Mr. Jefferson is also cialty of furnishing fertilizers for city lawns, gardens, etc. is interested in the blacksmith business of Jefferson a large general contractor, and Elkins, and in the buying and selling of real estate. His chief place of
business is 1901, 1st St., S. W. No small part of the credit for the progress the colored people of South Washington have made in business, is due to the efforts of Rev. W. J. Howard, pastor of Zion Baptist church, and to the efforts of his illustrious father before him. "Zion" is the largest church in that section, having a membership approx-

imating 2,000. Mr. Howard frequently urges his people to look to "business" as one of the important means of race development. Mr. Howard fully comprehends the peculiar needs of his race in their efforts to better their condition, and his church under his wise and active leadership is a powerful centre for good, along many lines of endeavor.

UNION LEAGUE
THE FIRST COLORED CLERK
It

DIRECTORY.

IN

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS.

gated the subject of

compiler that Mr. Charles R. Douglass had investithe first colored clerk in the Executive Departments at Washington, he was asked to state the facts. He wrote as follows:
to the

being

known

who was

"David W. Wykoff, of Rochester, N. Y., whose father was a black man, and whose mother was a white woman, was appointed a clerk in the Adjutant General's Office, War Department, at $1,200 per annum, in the summer of 1865. Solomon Johnson, of Ohio, was appointed a clerk in the Treasury Department, at $1,200 per annum, February 12, 1867. Chas. R. Douglass, of Rochester, N. Y., was appointed a clerk in the War Department, at $1,200 per annum, April 9, 1867. It may be proper to add, that Wykoff's mother being white, he may not be considered a negro; also that Solomon Johnson, though appointed a clerk of Class 1, did not perform the duties of a clerk, but continued as a messenger, and barber to President Andrew Johnson until long after my appointment to a clerkship in the War Department.
After the "opening" had been

made

the

number rapidly

close of the Nineteenth century there are about 256 colored officials

the Executive Departments at Washington, in the city

service of the District Government.

At the and clerks in post-office, and in the

increased.

This does not include those clerks employed temporarily in the Census Bureau and in other temporary employment. Eleven colored women are clerks on the permanent rolls in the Executive Departments and from ten to fifteen are on the rolls of the Recorder's Office and in other employment of a temporary nature. Leaving out of the count the Census Bureau, Navy Yard, and Capitol employees, the total number of colored

employees of the Executive Departments at Washington, of the Washington Post-Office, and of the Government of the District of Columbia excluding schools and District of Columbia laborers), is a few over 1,200, who draw annually in salaries about $875,000. (a)
(

In the District

Government there are

27 police officers; in the city post-office

14 letter carriers, and 5 substitutes.

PUBLIC POSITIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY.

Since the Civil War colored men have held many positions of responsibility and trust in Washington. Among them may be mentioned the following: Hon. John F. Cook was elected City Register in 1869, and appointed to that office in 1871. He served as Collector of Taxes of the District of Columbia from 1874 to 1888, during which time overH^frGe-bi'lri oac of dollars passed through his office every cent of which was duly accounted for. He is now and has been for several years a member of the Board of Children's Guardians. Hon. Frederick Douglass was Marshal of the District of Columbia, and Recorder of Deeds. Hon. B. K. Bruce was Register of the Treasury, 1881-1885; Recorder of Deeds, and again Register of the Treasury, 1896-97. As Register of the Treasury his name was

necessary to
(a)

make good every

dollar of the billions of securities of the United

The exact

figures could not be pbtained, but the above is not far

from

the truth.

112
States.

UNION LEAGUK DIRECTORYMr. Geo. F. T. Cook was, for more than thirty years, Superintendent

of the Colored Public Schools.

Dr. Chas. B. Purvis was assistant surg-eon in charg-e of Freedmen's Hospifrom 1S69 to 1881, and Surgeon-in-Charge from 1881 to 1894, when he resigned. Freedmen's Hospital has at all times from three to four hundred patients of all The annual disbursements exceed 850,000. classes. Among the more prominent officials and clerks now in the Government Service at Washington may be mentioned the following:
tal

Hon. Geo. H. White, Member of Congress from North Carolina.

Term

expires

March

4,

1901.

Hon. Judson W. Lyons, Register of the Treasury, residence 141

Corcoran
street.

Hon. Henry P. Cheatham, Recorder of Deeds, District of Columbia. Dr. A. M. Curtis, Surgeon-in-Chief, Freedmen's Hospital. Hon. Cyrus F. Adams, Assistant Register of the Treasury. Prof. George William Cook, Commissioner of Charities, Howard
University.

Hon. John

P.

Green, United States Stamp Agent, 918

street,

NW-;

residence, 1944

Prof.

W.

S.

Ninth street, Montgomery, Assistant Superintendent of Schools,

NW.

1912 Eleventh street NW. Col. Milton M. Holland, Chief of Division, office of Auditor for
Post-Office Department.

Theo. H. Greene, Disbursing Clerk, office of Auditor Department. Pension Office. J. Wm. Cole, Clerk, W. T. Sinclair, Custodian, Executive Mansion.
Other high-grade clerks are as follows: Class
Brodie and Thomas H. Wright, Department
A. Johnson,
III,

for Post-Office

$1,600 per

annum: Albert K.
H. Haynes, Jerome

of Justice;

Wm.

John A.
C.

Pierre, Dr. Geo. H. Richardson, Miss S. A. Somerville, R.

W. Tompkins, H.

Tyson, A.

S.

Gray (stenographer, Bureau

of Statistics),

Treasury Department; Wm. D. Montague and David A. Warner, Office of District Commissioners; Dr. Wm. H. Goines and Dr. Paul J. Mischeaux, Land Office.
Class
II,

$1,400:

Wyatt Archer,

J.

B.

Deveaux. Richard
Price, Dr.

P.

Henderson, Andrew F.
C.

Hilyer,

George W. Jackson, Dr. W. K.

Green D. Williams, Joseph

Office;

Wood, Treasury Department; L. Patent Office; A. P. Albert, David S. Brandon, Chas. E. Lane, Jesse Lawson, W. W. McCary, David Messer, James F. Pratt, Dr. Hamilton S. Smith, Wm. H. H. Smith, Leon Turner, Pension Bureau; W. H. Judson Malvin, Ransom C. Edmondson, War Department.

M. Hershaw, Land

Henry

E. Baker,

UNION LEAGUE
IN

DIRECTORY.

IJ 3

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

$175,000, a total, teachers

ton,

There are about 400 colored teachers who draw annually in salaries about and other employees of the Government at Washingapproximating $1,100,000 per annum.

One assistant superintendent, three supervising

of the

principals, seven assistant

directors of special work, twenty-five principals of schools, and two

members

Board

of

Education are credited to the colored people.

professors are colored.
to
fill

In

Howard University four

To be able
this race for

many

these positions creditably, as has been done by persons of years, is evidence of a high order of social efficiency. The

colored public schools have been

since 1868.

Howard

managed and taught by persons of this race University, founded about that year, has continuously had
its faculty.

several colored persons on

ERSITY
is

now wen-known

to

me

Country.

HOWARD
logical,

UNIVERSITY,
C.

Washington, D.

TEN distinct departments, tinder one hundred competent professors and instructors TheoMedical, Legal, College, Pedagogical, Preparatory, English, Agriculture, Industrial and Musical. For information address Rev. J, E. Rankin, D. D., LL- D., President. Geo. H. Safford, Secretary.
,

It is

confessedly the leader in the higher education of the

race.
Ic

Afro-

has been so pronounced by the Hon. Commissioner of Education. Every year the trustees seek to enlarge its scope and to fit it for greater usefulness. Important additions have lately been made to its teaching force and to its literary and scientific appliances.

American

114

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

DIRECTORY
OF THE

ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS, OF AND FOR, THE COLORED PEOPLE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, WITH DATA, FOR A SOCIAL STUDY OF THEIR ORGANIZATIONS.

JANUARY,
Organization
is

IQOI
Just in proportion as a

the core of civilization.

people show a capacity to

combine

their resources in organizations,

just in that proportion do they give evidence of a higher civilization. There is no better index to the development and character of a

sustain.

people than the number and nature of the organizations which they Colored people are about oneIn union there is strength. third of the population of the District of Columbia, and ought to

maintain one-third of the organizations. They have shown a fondness for organization in two things beyond the white people the religious and the Charitable-beneficial. The white people maintain one hundred and sixty-nine churches; eighty-seven would be the share of the colored people. The number of colored churches is ninety-four. An exact count would probably

their favor a larger ratio of organizations of the CharitableBut in caring for the sick and burying the dead. beneficial order

show in

business, mechanical, the trades and professional organizations they

show

their greatest deficiency.

Their business firms are scarcely one in a hundred, although colored persons are engaged as proprietors in eighty-three different This is a gain classes of business in the District of Columbia.
since 1894, of twenty-two classes. There are here nineteen banks
;

one of them

is

managed by
;

colored

men

twenty-six building associations, one colored

;

thirty-

They maintain six insurance companies three of them are colored. of the non-secret beneficial asabout sixty, (counting the catholics) sociations, and fifteen of those great secret beneficial orders with

UNION
about three hundred and

LEAGUE DIRECTORYfifty

"5

subordinate lodges, fountains, taber-

whose chief purpose is to care for the sick, the widow and orphans, and to bury their dead members. Thev maintain three cemeteries, one of them organized in 1S25 eight charity
nacles, tents, juveniles, etc.,
5

organizations, besides the

many connected with

the churches, in-

numerable pleasure clubs, six literary societies, two of them of national fame; a medical, a dental and a society of trained nurses; three musical organizations besides the church choirs, glee clubs,
bands,
sion
part
etc.,

five

patriotic

societies,

five

philanthropic and

five

trades-union organizations.

must

also be

made

In addition to these, mention and discusof those public and quasi-public institutions

for the colored people,

some of which are managed in whole or in by persons of that race. The race to which these colored managers belong must share with them their success or failure. Each organization and public institution will be discussed in detail, and such data given as could be obtained from reliable and
authorized sources.

Business Organizations.

CAPITAL SAVINGS BANK,

northwest.
$50,000.

609

street,

Established

in

1S88.

Capital,

Deposits received from 10 cents upward. Interest allowed on $5.00 and above. Treasurers of churches, associations and other
organizations can deposit

funds

with

this

bank and receive interest. The money is always subject check without notice. Bank
open from 9
Directors
Bailey,
;

a.

m., to 4.30 p. m.

John

R.

Whitefield

Lynch, Leonard C. McKinlay, Henry E.

Baker, John A. Pierre, Wyatt Archer, Wm. A. A. Johnson, Howard H. Williams, James T. Bradford, W. S. MontWarfield, Jerome

gomery, Robt. Williams, A. W. Tancil, Robt. H. Terrell. Officers John R. Lynch, President Jerome A. Johnson, Vice President; Leonard C. Bailey, Treasurer Robt. II. Terrell, Secreretary Douglass B. McCary, Cashier.
:

Il6

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.
S. F.

Benevolent Investment and Relief Association of Virginia,

Blaekwell, Agent; 609
;

street,

northwest.

The Douglass Life Insurance Company, 503 D, Perri W. Frisby, Gen. Manager. 7 Industrial Building and Saving's Co., 609 F Henry E. Baker, Secretary.
National Benefit Association, 609 F, northwest, Rutherford, Secretary and General Manager.

northwest,
street,

Room

northwest;
15.

Room

S.

W.

The Richmond Beneficial Association, 161 1 nth street, northwest. The Security Syndicate; invests in real estate capital, $5,000; W. A. Stewart, Manager, 1200 R street, northwest. The United Effort Syndicate; invests in real estate capital $1,500.
; ;

W. H. Cowan,

Secretary, 221 1 7th, northwest.

Beneficial Organizations, Non-Secret.

There are two great classes of these organizations, the secret and the non-secret. The secret organizations will be discussed under a separate heading. We have succeeded in collecting the names of thirty of the NonSecret Organizations with such data as they could be induced to It is a matter of regret that this data is not more comfurnish. plete and comprehensive but this represents the best the Compiler could do under the circumstances. The aim was to find out to what extent colored people were co-operating to raise funds to care for their sick and bury their dead, and also to guage the development of the organific power. Enough data was obtained to develop the importance of these beneficial organizations in the social life of the community. It is awful to picture what would be the condition of things without these societies. The discipline which comes from organizing, managing and obeying the rules of an organization is of great value to a people struggling upward, to say nothing of the The membership actual work which these organizations perform. of the non-secret societies exceeds 6,000 of these the catholics have over thirty societies with over 2,500 members. Banneker Relief Association. Incorporated September 30, 1889, Sick benefits are for twenty years; a very prosperous organization. $5.00 per week for ten weeks continued benefits optional with the Death benefits are ninety per cent of the membership, association. which numbers at present one hundred and ninety persons. Officers President, J. Win. Mays, 1822, nth street, northwest; Vice President, Hamilcar Turley, 1517, 15 street, northwest; Treasurer, Richard H. Nugent, 1623 Corcoran street, northwest Financial Secretary, Jas. A. Payne, 1503 Pierce Place, northwest Recording Secretary, John McK. Syphax, 1737 10th street, northwest; Sergeant-at-Arms, Arthur Lucas, 2 1 17, nth street, northwest.
;
;

UNION
The
B.

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.
Porters.

17

&

0.

Red Cap

Benjamin Williams, President;

Odie Gordon, Secretary.

1, of D. C. Meetings, 1st and 3rd Tuesdays, at northwest. Entrance fee, $5.00. Sick Odd Fellows' Hall 1606 benefits, $5.00 per week, for four weeks $3.00 for four weeks $2.00 Number of members, one hundred at death, $100. for four weeks and eight. Value of property, $3,300. Expended last year for President; 6. M. Johnson, 1421 I, northwest; benefits", $850. Vice Pres., D. Brown, 1400 17th, northwest Financial Secretary, Treasurer, William Beckett, F. Douglass, 1628 Corcoran street. 1628 M, northwest.

The Coachmen's Union and Aid Association, No.

22,

Organized August

1882.

Elder Men's Immediate Relief. Organized October 23, 1898 meets 3rd Thursday. Initiation fee, $4.00; monthly dues, 25 cents. Sick benefits, $3.50 for four weeks; $2.00 for four weeks, and Death benefits, $100; membership, three $1.50 for four weeks. hundred and seventy-five amount expended for benefits last year President, Thos. W. West, 601 18th, sick, $357.50; deaths. $600. northwest; Vice President, W. P. Hall, 1524, 20th street, northwest Financial Secretary, Jas. F. Alston 1406 Pierce Place; Treasurer, Nelson J. Booker, n 17 19th, northwest; Corresponding Secretary,
; ;
; ;

James

C. Burlls, 2217 L, northwest. Elder Ladies' Immediate Relief Association. Organized January 26, 1900; meets 3rd Wednesdays, 8 p.m., John Wesley Church. President, Mrs. A. M. Lucas; Vice President, Mrs. Belle Harris; Financial Secretary, Miss Addie Chase; Treasurer, Mrs. Julia Hamilton; three hundred and ten members $1,000 in treasury. The Association of The Friends of Zion; own hall, 308 G street, southwest value, $6,000; membership, one hundred and twentyfive Joseph R. Nelson, Secretary.
; ; ;

Frederick Douglass Relief Association.

1

Organized July

17,

Hall; initiation fee, $5.00; 1897, meets first Friday, Odd Fellows monthly dues, 25 cents; sick benefits, $4.00 per week; death benefit, eighty per cent of the assessment; members 151; amount expended President, Samuel W. Watson, 1208 for benefits last year, $364.25. Linden street; Vice President, Eugene Brooks, 1437 Pierce Place; Recording Secretary, James F. Alston, 1406 Pierce Place Financial Secretary, Addison A. Syphax, 1507 Pierce Place; Treasurer, Douglass B. McCary, Capital Savings Bank. The Immediate Aid Societies; there are twelve numbers about 1,200 members; monthly dues, thirty-five cents; sick benefits, $3.00 per week $60 at death.
;

Ladies' Mutual Relief. Organized February, 1890; meets third Thursday, 2007 Vermont Avenue joining fee, $5.00; monthly dues,
;

Tl8
25
cts;

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

for

sick benefits, $3.00 per week; $60 at death; members, 61; paid President, Miss M. R. Bowen, 961 benefits last year $175. Florida Avenue, northwest; E. F. G. Merritt, Treasurer, 1109 I street, northwest; L. E. Wilkes, Recording Secretary, 2415 Brightwood Avenue; L. A. Prater, Corresponding Secretary, 1503 Pierce
Place.

Ladies' Unity Benevolent Society. Founded by Mrs. Sarah A. Robinson, September, 1873. Mrs. Robinson has taken an active part in the organization of several of these societies; meets 2nd Wednesday, Met. A. M. E. Church; joining fee, $10.00; monthly dues, 30 cts; sick benefits, $3.50 for 15 weeks; $50.00 for burial; mimber
President, 140; paid for benefits last year, $300. Virginia Anderson, 1517 15th street, northwest; Vice President, Mrs. Mrs. Helen Jackson, 1229 T, northwest; Financial Secretary, Miss Parthenia Woodson, 1716 P, northwest; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Mary A. Carter, 2218 O street, northwest; Treasurer, Mrs. Rebecca Brent, 1025 18th, northwest; Chairman Relief Committee, Mrs. Alberta White, 1020 19th, northwest. This society is one of the oldest and most reliable in the District, having just celebrated its twentyseventh anniversary. It has cared for an unusually large number Its founder is still hale of sick, and has buried sixty members. and hearty, and takes as active a part in its success as ever. Among the beneficial societies founded by Mrs. Sarah A. Robinson, are the following The Ladies' Golden Leaf Immediate Relief Society; meets 2nd Tuesday, at John Wesley Church. Monthly dues, 30 cts; death, $55. President, Mrs. Mary Alexander; Financial Secretary, Miss Ella Freeman; Recording Secretary, Miss Helen Francis.' The Ladies' Mutual Immediate Relief Society meets 2nd Mondays, Met. A. M. E. Church. Members, 250; dues, 30 cts. month; death, $75. President, Mrs. Susena Johnson; Vice President, Mrs. Virginia Tinney; Financial Secretary, Miss Addie Chase; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Mary Washington. The Ladies' Reliable Immediate Relief Society; meets 3rd Fridays, at Met. A. M. E. Church, 225 members. Monthly dues, 30 cts.; death benefit, $85. President, Mrs. Julia Mason Lay ton; Vice President, Mrs. Sarah E. Navlor; Treasurer, Mrs. Sadie Tyree; Financial Secretary, Miss Lettia Lee. The Ladies' United Reapers' Society; meets 1st WednesMonthly dues, 30 cts.; death benefit, day, Met. A. M. E. Church. President, Mrs. Virginia Tinney; Financial Secretary, Miss $50.
of

members,

Lettia Lee.

Other societies are the following Newsboys' Union. Norman Brockenbnry, President; Joseph Price, Recording Secretary. Soldiers' and Sailors' National Beneficial Union. Organized 1894. Members 40; annual dues, $1.00; #2.00 assestment at each death

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

19

meets 1st Tuesday, 1408 Pierce Place; amount in treasury, $200; expended last year, $96. President, Joseph N. Mayne, Navy Department; Secretary, Chas. B. Fisher, 1408 Pierce Place. Ladies' Relief Union, (aulilliary). Organized 1897; members 100; dues, 25 cts. month; sick benefits, $3.50 per week; $55. at death; amount in treasury, 855.; expended last year, $110.; meets 1st Wednesday, Israel Church. President, Mrs. Cora D. Fisher, 1408 Pierce Place; Secretary, Mrs. C. E. Butcher, 308 B street, southeast.

Organized August 29,1866; meets 1. Thursday, Odd Fellows' Hall; joining fee, $5.00; monthly dues, 25 cents; members 83; sick and death benefits, $4. per week for 8 weeks; 880. at death of a member; $25.00 for the deceased wives or mothers of members. President, Geo. C. Brown, 523 24th street; Vice President, Richard H. Nugent, 1623 Corcoran street; Secretary, Daniel H. Mason. 1415 Corcoran street; Assistant Secretary, Wm. D. Nixon, 1 143 6th st, northeast; Treasurer, Eugene Brooks, 1437 Pierce Place. Amount in Bank, December 6, 1900, $1,096.39.

United Aid Association, No.

1st

Young Men's Immediate Relief Association. Organized November, 1888; meets Odd Fellow's Hall, 1st Tuesday; members, 160; surplus fund, $2,000; pay on death, 8100; sick benefits, 4.00 per week; initiation fee, $10.00; monthly dues, 25 cts. President, Alex. H. Brooks, 2034 17th, northwest; Secretary, Wm. H. Thomas, 25th and Pennsylvania Avenue. The Young Men's Protective League. Sick benefits, $4.00 per week; death, $75.00; members, 90; surplus, $1,000. President, James E. Walker; Recording Secretary, James L. Pinn, 1636 Corcoran; Financial Secretary, F. Brown: Treasurer, Dr. H. H. Marshall. For the Hod Carriers Societv, Plumbers Laborers, Piano Movers, Douglass Assembly of Steam Engineers, and others which have beneficial features, see " Trades' Unions'"
1

Catholic Beneficial Societies. There

societies, but
it

are, at least, thirty of these

was impossible to get official data from any of them except from the two given. It is known, however, that their membership will approximate 2,500, and the amount paid out annually for benefits will exceed $6,000, though this is largely guess work.

The

Catholic Beneficial Society owns the hall, northwest.

1114^

8th street,

meets

Knights of St. Augustine Commandery, No. 2. Organized 1872; 1st Monday, at Catholic Beneficial Hall, on 18th, bet. L and M; initiation fee, $5.00; monthly dues, 25 cts.; sick benefits, $5.00 per week, 8 weeks in 12 months; death benefits, $70.00; number of members, 75; value of property owned, $1,800; amount expended for benefits last year, $575. Commander, Robt. Coates, 449 N, 11. w;
Financial Scribe, Willis
J.

Smith, 121

Linden

street,

northwest.


UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.
St.

120

Knights of
meets
St.

Cyprian, No.

7.

Organized September

17, 1893,

Cyprian's Hall, 154 C streets, southeast; initiation fee, $2.00; monthly dues, 25 cts.; sick benefits, $3.00 per week; death Cash on benefits, $40.00, and 50 cts. assessment on each member. amount, expended for benefits last year, $9.00. Chairhand, $700; man, William Burgess, 477 A St., northeast; Recording Secretary, Edward I. Quander, 214 C street, southeast; Financial Secretary, John F. Diggs, Gonzaga College. Persons from 18 to 45 years are
eligible to

membership.

TABLE A
Date of
Org.

No.

4.

Tabular Statement giving Data of Non-Secret Beneficial Organizations.

Organizations.
No. of
Org'ns,

No. of

Joining
.Fee.

MonPy Expended
Dues.
Den.
19u0.

Memb's
190 108 373 310 151 125 1,200 61 40 100 83 160 90 140 450 75

Property and Cash.

Banneker Coachmen's U and A Elder Men's I. R Elder Ladies' I R. .. Fred. Doug-lass R. Atso
Friends of Zion

1889 1882 1898 1900 1897

S 5.00
5.o<>

Cts.
J.3

4.oo

350.00 957.50

3,300.00
1,000.00

5.00

25 25 35 25 25 25 25 25 30 25 25 25 25

364.25

6,000.00
5.00

Immediate Aid Ladies' Mut. R

S.

&

S.

N. Ben. Union.

Ladies' R. Union Aux. United Aid, No. 1 I. Relief Ass'n.. Y. Y. M. Prot've League. Ladies' Unity S Hod Carriers Plumbers' L. Union... Catholic Kt. of St. Aug., No. 2. Kt. of St. Cyprian No. 7

1890 1894 1897 1866 1888 1873

1883

175.00

5.00 10.00
10.00

1872 1893
30
3,809

5.00 2.00

Totals.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.
is

121

and cash, $18,746.39, an average of $14.20; if this average tained, their total property and cash exceed $85,000.
1

main-

To collect the data indicated by the foregoing " tabular statements' blanks were prepared and sent to all of the beneficial societies, non-secret and secret, known to the Compiler in the District of Columbia, calling for this data under the auspices of the Union League. Evidently their officers did not realize how important it is to know how much good all these societies were doing in caring In the light of a social study it for the sick and burying the dead. to ameliorate by co-operation and orgis the effort of poor people This is, perhaps, the first serious anization their social condition. This and the limited effort that has been made to gather this data. resources of the Compiler, the fact that the business investigation and many other features distracted the apathy of officers of these societies, etc all combined to make this feature less successful than However, a special investigation of this important it ought to be. subject is leserved for a future study, when, after due disscussion, its importance shall be better understood.
;
,

Secret Beneficial and Benevolent Societies. estimate the good these societies do thoughtful men often ask, what would we do without them ? They take up and supplement the work of the churches, inculcate a fraternal spirit, teach a higher and nobler life and have a general uplifting tendencv. The}- do a great and needful work in caring for their sick members and burying the dead. This is a form of co-operation That it is that has grown out of the necessities of a poor people. well adapted to their peculiar requirements is evident from the number and strength of these Orders. Most of them include women and children, under the patronage of the head organization. Thus, beginning with the children, their members are trained in parliamentary procedure and in obedience to law and society government.
It is difficult to
;

There are

in the

District

of

Columbia

fifteen separate Orders,

with over two hundred and sixty subordinate lodges, fountains, etc., and a total membership in the D. C, of over 16,000 adults; property and cash, $150,000, of which the Odd Fellows Hall contributes
1

There is a large number of societies whose objects are $55,000. similar that are non-secret. The membership in these exceeds 6,000; cash and property, $85,000; total for all, 22,000 members; property and cash, $235,000. In order to bring the data concerning these two classes of beneficial and benevolent societies together. The tabular statement of
+ Not including about 100 Juvenile Societies under the patronage and protection of the Chief Organizations.

122

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

list

the secret societies will be given before the

izations.

of the secret organ-

TABLE No. 5 Giving Data of the Secret Organizations.

Organizations.

UNION LEAGUE
J.

DIRECTORY.
Jollifee Union.

23

R. Giddings

and

An organization of women with branches in the Eastern Southern States; greatest strength in Virginia, N. C, and the D. C. Fourteen tents in D. C; members about 700; W. G. Maton, Airs. Victoria Waller, 2019 Vt. Avenue, Washingson, D. C.
Hosts of Israel.
hganized 1862, by Henry A. Contee, of Baltimore; six Tabernacles in D. C; about 400 members. Royal Supreme Grand Master, Isaac Adams, 602 Wayne street, Baltimore, Md.; Royal Supreme Mother, Mrs. Annie Billingsly, 609 F street, northwest, Washington, D. C; Supreme Captain, Charles Billingsly, 609 F, northwest; Supreme Secretary, Emma J. Smith; Supreme Treasurer, Mrs. Isaac Adams.
(

I.

0. of

Good Samaritans and Daughters of Samaria-

Has main' sister lodges in nearby States. In District of Columbia there are 66 subordinate lodges with 4,700 members.
Meets 3d ThursDistrict Grand Lodge, No. 3. organized 1862. Property valued at $6,c 00 cash in bank, day, Samaritan Temple. Initiation fee, $9,562.20; expended for benefits last year, $7,461.40. sick benefits, $3 per week $50 at $4.00 dues, 25 cents a month death. S. S. Washington, Grand Chief, 1305 15th street, n. w. Jas. S. Chapman, G. .See'}-, 1109 R street, n. w.
; ;
;

No. 29, organized 1883. Meets sjd and 4th Membership, 36. Initiation fee, $2.50; monthly dues\ 25 cents sick benefit, S3 per week. Expended last year for benefits, $63. Cash, $185. W. C., Julius Chamberlain, '296 Pomeroy. R. S., Matthew Baker, 247 Pomeroy. F. S., W^yatt Brown,
St.

Thomas Lodge,

Fridays at 1206

street.
;

126 L street, 11. w. Pincknev, No. 48, organized 1881. Meets in Stewart's Hall. W. C. Hill, Worthy Cliief, 1132 1st street, n. w. John Body, W. A'. C, 2005 K, n. w. E. L. vScott, W. R., 2234 6th, n. w. Emanuel, No. 66, Garfield, D. C. Organized 1898. Thomas W. H. Butts, W. C, Garfield, D. C.

Knights of Jerusalem.

Nimrod Grand Encampment, No.

1.

Stewart Campbell, Grand

Organized 18S6. Meets at 632 States General, 319 F street, s. w. Pa. ave. n. w. Greatest strength in the District of Columbia. Grand SecV, James A. W'ormley, 319 F street, s. W. Twelve lodges in District of Columbia. Membership about 900. Paid for benefits, cash, $1,743 buried, 9. $2,368.17
;

124

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTOKY.

Knights of Pythias.

Grand Lodge meets 4th Monday in January and July. Horatio N. Smith, Grand Chancellor, 36 Patterson street, n. e. H. J. Howell, Grand K. of R. and S. Subordinate Lodges: Mt. Cavalry, No. 1. Archie Robinson, C. C. Meets 1st and 3d Wednesdays. William R. Brent, K. of R. and S. Meets 1st and 3d Fridays. Robert B. Elliott, No. 2. N. Jenus, Thomas, K. of R. and S. Damon, No. 3. T. Brown, C. C. Meets J. Charles SumA. Turner, K. of R. and S. 1st and 3d Thursdays. Meets 1st and 3d Wednesdays. T. ner, No. 4. C. Warren, C. C. Venev, K. of R. and S. Mt. Sinai, No. 9. L. Thomas, C. C. Meets W. Offutt, K. of R. and S. 1st and 3d Tuesdays.

CC

Uniform Rank. manding Walker

;

Horatio N. Smith, Brigadier-General,

Com-

William

Prince, Colonel and Assistant Adjutant-General H. Johnson, Colonel and Assistant Judge-Advocate-General

Alfred Payne, Colonel and Aid-de-Camp, Major-General's staff. Companies Henry Hyland Garnett. Meets 2d and 4th Wednesdays. Horace Brown, Captain Frank Pendleton, Recorder. Charles SumMeets 1st and 3d Mondays. Parris Busey, Captain; ner, No. 2. Samuel E. Jones, Recorder.

Love and Charity. An organization strong in the Eastern and Southern States. About the same as to dues, benefits, etc., as the others. Twenty-three lodges 800 members in the District of Columbia. Several lodges meet at Samaritan Hall, 1st street bet. F and G.
;

The Masonic Order. F. A. A. M.*

of

The institution of Free and Accepted Masons is the oldest society men that has survived the lapse of ages, antedating in its origin
Terrell.

the Christian Era several hundred years. Adapted from a paper prepared by Grand Master Robt. H. Terrell was the first Secretary of the Union League.

Prof.

The

history of the establishment of

Masonry among the colored

people of the United States has been a subject of much controversy among eminent white Masons, some claiming that the colored

Masons were

in every

way

legitimate,

and that there was no masonic

justification for ignoring them.

The following is an extract from the report of the Committee of the Grand Lodge (white) of the State of Washington, which investigated the whole matter thoroughly, and finally reported unanimously in favor of colored Masons.
*

The Masonic Order

is

not strictly a beneficial society, but

is

fraternal

and

charitable.

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

"The
was
'

125

origin of
:

Masonry among the Negroes of the United States

as follows

On March 6th, 1775, an army lodge, warranted by the Grand Lodge of England, and attached to one of the regiments stationed
Boston, Mass., initiated Prince Hall and of Boston into the mysteries of Freemasonry. From that beginning, with small additions from foreign countries, sprang the Masonry among the Negroes of America. These fifteen brethren were probably authorized by the lodge which made them according to the custom of the day to assemble as a At least they did so, but it does not appear that they did any lodge. work until after they were regularly warranted. They applied to the Grand Lodge of England for a warrant, March 2, 1784. It was issued to them as 'African Lodge, No. 459,' with Prince Hall as Master, September 29, 1784, but not received until May 2, 1787. The lodge was organized under the warrant four days later. It remained upon the English Registry, occasionally contributing to the Grand Charity Fund, until upon the amalgamation of the rival Grand Lodges of the 'Moderns' and the 'Ancients' into the present United Grand Lodge of England, in 18 13, when it and the other English lodges in the United States were erased. Brother Prince Hall, a man of exceptional abilitv, worked zealously in the cause of Masonry and, from 1792 until his death, in In 1807, exercised all the functions of a Provincial Grand Master. 1797, he issued a license to thirteen black men, who had been made Masons in England, to assemble and w ork as a lodge in PhiladelAnother lodge was organized by his authority in Providence, phia. Rhode Island. In 1808, these three lodges joined in forming the now 'Prince Hall Grand Lodge 'African Grand Lodge,' of Boston and Masonry gradually spread over the land." of Massachusetts' There are now in the United States nearlv as many Grand Lodges as there are states, with a total membership, approximating 30,000, all tracing their ancestry back to the Grand Lodge of England through the African Grand Lodge of Boston. There is no break in the chain. The record is complete in every detail.

under General Gage,

in

fourteen other colored

men

lodge of colored Masons established in in 1826, under a charter granted by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. Union Grand Lodge was formed in 1848. with Charles Datcher of Social Lodge as Grand Master. There are now ^2 lodges in the District of Columbia, with a
Sociai,

Lodge was

the

first
It

the District of Columbia.

was organized

membership of about 700, under the Grand Lodge. The condition of Masonry in the District of Coumbia was never betThere is an inspiring activity in all of its departter than at present. ments that will carry the craft on to still higher heights in the exempli-

126

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

upon which
it is

fication of the great principles

founded. and a Masonic Hall Building Association which owns the Masonic Temple, Cor. 5th St. an Va. Ave. SE., valued at $15,000, and other real estate. Mr, RichDr. S. R. Watts, ard H. Cleave.- is secretary of both associations. 1343 Y St. NW., is the president of the Masonic Hall Building Asso-

There
1

is

a well-managed Relief Association

ciation.

and beautifully furnished. All of Royal Arch chapters, four Command the twelve symbolic lodges, five eries of Knights Templar, the Scottish Rite, Shrine, and ladies' departments meet there, Cor. 5th St. and Va. Ave, S. E. In the Grand Lodge proceedings for 1899 may be found the followis

.Masonic Temple

well located

ing interesting data

Amount

of money received during year by Ami mnt of money expended during year Ami dint expended for charity Amount of money in treasury

the lodges.

$5,355.00 3,412.67
1,499.25

Amount
lodges.

paid on Masonic Building Association stock. This statement has reference only to the funds of the
.

3,223.25 2,790.00 symbolic

ali the legitimate bodies of colored Masons in the United States Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia emanates from African the Lodge No. 459, of Boston, of which Prince Hall was the first master. The present elective officers of the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia are: Robert H. Terrell. M. W., Grand Master; W. H. J. Malvin, R. W., Deputy Grand Master; Brooks Burr, R. W., Senior Grand Warden; Chas. H. Dean, R. W., Junior Grand Warden; Wm. H. Myers, R. W., Grand Secretary; Henry Coleman. R. W., Grand

Like

Treasurer. The lodges of the Blue Department are as follows Social Lodge, No t, meets first Thursday in each month.
:

Charles

D. Freeman.

320 E St Felix Lodge, No.

W. SW.

M.. 1609 4th

St.

XW.;
first

Geo..

M. Webster, Secretary,
Alfred Moten,

3,

meets the

Mondav.

W.

[503 nth St. NW.; Wm. H. Severson, Secretary. 326 E St. SW". Hiram Lodge, No. 4, organized 1851, meets the third Monday. Joseph X. Lawson, W. M., 1311 27th St. XW. Wm. Washington,

M.

Secretary. 1332 29th St.

XW.
meets second Monday.
Ellis

Eureka Lodge, No
M.. 924 24th
St.

5,
;

W. Brown, W.

NW. Edward

A. Watson, Secretarv,

n 50

21st St.

XW.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

127

\Y. M..

Meridian Lodge, No 6, meets the first Tuesday. John II. Jackson, Deanwood, D. C. Win. K. Brown, Secretary, Cor. X. J. Ave.
;

and

L. St.

XW.

Widow's Sox Lodge, No. 7. meets second Thursday. J. Nelson Lomax, W. M., 938 -'5th St. XW.; Jno. T. Turner. Secretary, 926
25th
St.

XW.
Lodge, Xo.
8,

Warren
W.
M.,
1

meets the

first

Wednesday.

Win. A. Clark,

[29 19th St.

XW.

Pythagoras Lodge, Xo. 9, meets the third Tuesday. Henry P. Cheatham. W. M., Office of Recorder of Deeds; James O. Bampfield, Secretary. 1635 4th St., between R and S XW. John F. Cook Lodge. Xo. 10, meets the second Tuesday. J. B. Marten. W. M., 041 S. Carolina Ave. SE. Frank H. Cozzens. Sec,
;

21

1 1

9th

St..

XW.

St.
Scott,
St.

John's Lodge, Xo. 12, meets the second Wednesday. A. W. W. M., 2004 O St. NW.; Nathaniel Robinson. Sec. 2248 12th
14,

XW.
meets the third Thursday. FrederSt. NW.; Win, T. Ferguson, Secre15,
;

Prince Hall Lodge, No.

ick D. Henry,
tary,

W. M., 328 Elm 1420 Pierce Place NW. Charles Datcher Lodge, Xo.
W.
St.

T. Craig.

M., 739 4th St.

NW.

meets the third Wednesday. S. Alexander F. Hicks. Secretary.

1243 9th

XW.

of Free and Accepted Masons of the District oi Columbia, of which the above lodges are component parts, meets semiannually, viz.. on second Wednesday in December and the second Wednesday in June, at Masonic Temple. In addition to the foregoing symbolic lodges there have been established in the District of Columbia every department of Free Masonn now known, viz. Capitular, Cryptic, and Chivalric. the Scottish Rite, the Adoptive Rite of Ladies' Degree, and the Nobles of the Mystic
:

The Grand Lodge

Shrine.

The following

is

the present roster:

Grand Chapter II. R. A. Masons. Meets in annual convocation on the fourth Tuesday in November. Companion. Frank H. Cozzens. M. Ex. Gr. H. P., residence, 211 9th St. XW. Companion James Bampfield. Grand Sec. [635 4th St. XW.
1 ;

<

>

Local Subordinate Chapters: Mount Vernon Chapter, No.

Priest.

1.

Win.

Knox Brown. M.
;

F.

High

Res. Cor. X.
St.

J.

1020 20th

XW.

Ave. and L St. XW. P. II. Simmons, Sec. Meets First Fridav in each month.

128

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

Res.,

Union Chapter, Xo. 2. Lewis J. Patterson, M. E. H. Priest. Res. 2004 Q NW. No. 1223 St. NW.; A. W. Scott, Sec.

Meets
Priest.
St.

first

Thursday.
5.

Prince Hall Chapter, Xo.

Res. Xo. T609 4th St.

NW.

Charles D. Freeman, M. Ex. High Paul R. Stewart, Sec., 429 1st

;

Wednesday. Saint John Chapter, Xo. 7. Henry C. Irving, M. Ex. High Priest. Res. 410 D St. SE. W. H. 'Severson, Sec. Res. 326 E St. SW. Meets 2nd Thursday. Keystone Chapter. No. 11. J. L. Johnson, M. E. H. P., Anacostia, D. C. James W. Wilkinson, Sec, Anacostia, D. C. Meets 4th
Meets
1st

SW.

Tuesday.

Grand Commandery Knights Templar.

Meets in annual conclave 2nd Tuesday in Oct. Right Eminent Grand Commander. Res. 1343
O. Bampfield, Grand Recorder, Res. 1635 4th

District of Columbia.

Sir S.

V
St.

St.

NW. NW.

Roger Watts, Sir James

;

Subordinate Commanderies Simon Commandery, No. 1.

Res. 429 1st St. each month.

Sir Paul R. Stewart.

Em. Com' dr.,

1st

SW., James Smiley, Recorder.

Sir
1st

Meets

Friday

in

Com'dr., Res. 1836

Henderson Commandery, Xo. 2. nth St. NW. Meets Gethsemane Commandery, No. 3.
;

Geo.

W.

Jones,

Em.

Com'dr., Res. 419 Q St. XW. Sir 3rd St. XYY. Meets 2nd Wednesday in each month. Mount Calvary Commandery, No. 4. Wm. H. Judd Malvin. Em. Com'dr., Res. 1708 10th St. NW. Sir James O. Bampfield, Recorder. Meets 4th Friday in each month.
;

Thursday in each month. Sir R. W. Tompkins, Em. John L. Hickman. Recorder, 1009

tors General of the 33rd

the Grand Inspecand last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Right of Freemasonry for the Southern and Western Jurisdiction of the U. S. A. Meets in annual session on the 3rd Monday

United Supreme Council of the Sovereign,

in Oct.

GRAND ORIENT, WASHINGTON, D, C. 111. Thornton A. Jackson, Most Puissant Sow Gr. Commander 111. Richard H. Freeman. Puissant Lieut. Grand Com'dr. 111 James H. Hill, 111. Grand Prior; 111. Peter Harris, 111. Grand Chancellor; 111. A. W. Tancil. 111. Grand Minister of State; 111. M. H. Robinson, 111.
;

Grand Treasurer Gen. H. E.

111.

James O. Bampfield,

111.

Sec. Gen.

UNION
H. E.;
111.

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.
111.
;

129

Grand Auditor Gen. H. E. 111. J. H. 111. Major D. Meekings, 111. Grand Almoner, 111. John N. Dorster, 111. Grand Master of Ceremonies; 111. James C. Richards, 111. Grand Chamberlain; 111. J. H. Hood, D. D., 111. Grand 1st Equery; 111. Reuben S. Mitchell, 111. Grand 2nd Equery; 111. James Woodfork, 111. Grand Standard Bearer; 111. Saunders S. Scott, 111. Grand Herald; 111. Win. H. Stevens. 111. Grand Tiler; 111. William H. Judd! Malvin, 111. Deputy for the Valley of the District of Columbia, Residence 1708 10th St. NW.; 111. David R.
S.

Roger Watts.

Shfieve,

111.

Ast. Auditor Gen. H. E.;

Stokes,
crET.

111.

Sword

bearer.

Jonathan Davis Consistory, Sub. Prince of the Royal SeMeets 4th Monday
in Chief,

in each

month.

111.

Commander

Anacostia,

I).

111.

Robt. L. Pendleton, [ohn F. N. Wilkinson,

Sec. 901 ESt.

SW. Zoroaster Council. Knights of Kadosh.

Meets quarterly,

January, April, July and October. Budha Chapter Knights of the Rose Croix. MeetsYa. Ave. and 5th St. SE., quarterly or upon call of the M. W. and P. Master. Gallahad Lodge of Perfection. Gr. E. P. and S. Masons. Meets quarter]}- or upon call of the Thrice Pucient Grand Master.

Grand Chapter O. E. S. for the D. C. and jurisdiction. Meets in annual session Va. Ave. and 5th St. SE. on the Tuesdays after the 4th Monday in May. Sir Wm. H. Bruce, Gr. Royal Patron, 1812^/2 nth St. NW. Hon. Lady Sarah Alexander, Gr. Royal Matron, 1015 Sir James O. Bampheld, Gr. Sec. 1635 4th St. NW. St. NW.
:

subordinate chapters.

Queen Esther Chapter, No. i. Hon. Lady A. R. Robinson, Royal Matron, residence 41 D St. SE. Sir James O. Bampfield, Royal Patron. 1035 4th St. NW. Hon. Lady Georgina Gleaves, Secretary, 1416 17th St. NW. Meets 3rd Friday in each month Queen of Sheha Chapter, No. 3. Hon. Lady, Mrs. Cadalia Henderson. Royal Matron, 1347 Princeton St.; Sir Wm. A. Clark, Royal Patron, 1 129 19th St. NW. Hon. Lady Anna V. Thomas, Sec, 1 1 13 I St. NW. Meets 3rd Monday in each month.
;

GethsEmane Chapter, No. 4. Hon. Lady Julia Taylor, Royal Matron; Sir T. A. Jackson, Royal Patron; 1229 T St. NW. Meets 3rd Wednesdav in each month.

130

UNION LEAGUE
8.

DIRECTORY.

Mirian Chapter, No.

tron; residence 151 1 tary, 3rd near I SE.

M
;

St.

Sir.

Hon. Lady Mathilda Payne, Royal MaHon. Lady Mrs. Alice Carter, SecreR. H. Payne. Royal Patron, 1511 M NW.

NW.

Meets 3rd Tuesday

in each

month.
12.

Prince Hall Chapter, No.

Hon. Lady Florence

;
;

J.

Smith,

Royal Matron; residence 1524 Pierce Place NW. Sir Robt. L. Pendleton, Royal Patron, Anacostia, D. C. Hon. Lady Leila A. Pendleton, Sec, Anacostia, D. C. Meets 4th Wednesday in each month.

HEROINES OF JERICO.

Zerrubbabel Court, No.

Res.
son,
1 1

13

I St.

M. W.

i. Mrs. Anna V. Thomas, M. A. M. Mrs. Julia Jackson, Secretary; Bro. T. A. JackMeets 2nd Monday in each Joshua. 1229 T St. XW.

NW.

month.

Datcher Court, No. 3. Mrs. F. A. Severson, M. A. M. .residence E St. SW. Bro. James O. Bampfield, M. W. J., 1635 4th St. NW. Mrs. Mary I. Miller, Court Sec, 2315 E St. NW. Meets 1st
326
; ;

Tuesday

in each

month.

ROBERT

H.

TERRELL,

Principal of the Colored High School and Grand Master of Masons for the District of Columbia.
Robert H. Terrell was born November
25, 1857.

He

received his

earlv educational training in the public schools of the District of

Columbia prepared for college at Lawrence Academy, Groton, and graduated at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., in In September of the same year he was appointed a teacher 1884. in the Washington High School, where he taught for five years, and resigned to become a chief of division in the U. S. Treasury. In the meantime he studied law at Howard University and was ad;

Mass.,

mitted to the bar in 1893. Howard University conferred the honFor several years he was orary degree of A. M., on him in 1900. the partner of Hon. John R. Lynch in the practice of law in this city, was reappointed a teacher in the High School, in November, 1898, and elevated to the principalship in 1899, which position he
still

holds.

Prof. Terrell is at this time the

head of the Masonic fraternity of

the District of Columbia.

He

has been elected to this exalted po-

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

131

Under his administrations the craft sition three consecutive times. has been wonderfully prosperous and active, and includes in its ranks young men and old of high standing in the community along Grand Master Terrell has had all lines ofcommendable endeavor. His rise in the craft has been unprea remarkable Masonic career. cedented in the history of Masonry in the District of Columbia. He was made a Master Mason in 1895, and three years later was He is a elected as the leader of the order in this jurisdiction.

the branches connected with the order here Knight Templar, Royal Arch, Scottish Rite and Mystic Shrine. Prof. Terrell is one of the founders of University Park Temple, a congregational church, and president of its board of trustees. He is a director of the Capital Savings Bank, Vice President of the Industrial Building and Savings Company, and a member of the Washington Board of Trade.
thirty-third

GRAND MASTER ROBERT H. TERRELL. degree Mason, and a member of all of

1^2

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.
IN AMERICA.

GRAND UNITED ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS

Martin.]

[Adapted from a paper prepared by District Grand Master

W.

C.

Philomathean Lodge, No. 646, of New York City, was the first the Grand United Order of Odd Fellows organized and instituted in America. In 1842 Patrick H. Reason, James Fields and several other free colored men of New York City petitioned the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for a dispensation on behalf of the Philomathean Institute, a literary organization, which had, prior to making the application, resolved to become a Lodge of Odd Fellows. The petitioners were treated witti contempt by the I. O. O. F. and their application peremp torily refused. At this time Peter Ogden, a colored steward on the Patrick Henry, a ship plying between New York and Liverpool, England, arrived in New York, where he learned of the desire of the col ored men to be admitted to Odd Fellowship in America. Peter Ogden, having been already initiated in Victoria Lodge, No. 448, at Liverpool, as the duly accredited deputy of these colored petitioners, made application to and succeeded in obtaining from Victoria Lodge a dispensation authorizing the institution of Philomathean Lodge, No. 646, New York. Accordingly this Lodge was set apart March 1, 1843. Pursuant to a warrant from the committee of management in England tht first sub-committee of management was elected in February, 1844. A board was constituted and on February 29, 1844, granted a dispensation to Hamilton Lodge, No. 710, New York City. The warrant granted by the committee of management in England authorizing the creation of the the sub-committee of management in America also gives the S. C. of M. full power to grant dispensations, open new lodges and to transact such other business as may come before them. There are now nearly 4,000 lodges under the jurisdiction of the subcommittee of management. Acting under authority from the committee of management in England, the first annual movable committee in America met in New York City October 2, 1845. The first Biennial Movable Committee met in Boston, Mass., October 3, 1882, 165 delegates being present. The Grand Household oe Ruth was organized in Richmond,

Lodge of

28, 1883. proposition to establish the "Ruth Degree" in the order was presented by Hamilton Lodge, No. 710, New York, through its delegate to the A. M. C. P. H. Reason, in 1856. Brotherly Lov<

Va.,

August
first

The

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

33

Lodge. No. 896. Harrisburg, Pa. appealed for and received the fir^. Warrant September 29, 1857. District Lodges were Ruth Degree authorized by the A. M. C. which met at Little Rock, Ark., October 7, NSo, and changed to District Grand Lodges by the B. M. C, which met at Atlanta. Ga., October 7, 1890. Grand Master Capt. Richard Hill-Male, of England, visited the Order in this country in 1894. Prof. J. McHenry Jones was sent tc England as the first fraternal delegate in 1897, and Grand Secretary Charles H. Brooks in 1900. both of whom were received with even mark of attention and honor. Grand Master Edward H. Morris will
i

go

as the delegate in 1902.

District Grand Lodge, No. 20, Org. 1892, meets the 2d Monday Executive committee of D. G. Lodges District Grand Masin Sept. ter, W. C. Martin. 503% D NW.'; Dept. D. G. M.. W. H. Rose; D. G. D. G. T., T. W. West D. G. D., R. S.. C. B. Walker. 107 F St. SW.

F. Williams.

SUBORDINATE LODGES.
Union Friendship, No. 891, the first lodge organized in WashingOdd Fellow's Hall, 1st and 3rd Tuesdays; Potomac Union, Mo. 892, 1409 28th St. NW., 1st and 3rd Wednesdays; Eastern Star, No. 1028, Odd Fellow's Hall, 1st and 3rd Thursdays; John F. Cook. No. 1185, Odd Fellow's Hall, 2nd and 4th Tuesdays; Mount Olive. No- 1333. Odd Fellow's Hall, 1st and 3rd Mondays; Free Grace, No. 1343. Odd Fellow's Hall 1st and 3rd Wednesdays; Rising, Sun No. 1305. Odd Fellow's Hall, 2nd and 4th Wednesdays; Bloom of Youth, No. 1368. Odd Fellow's Hall, 2nd and 4th Mondays; Star of the West, No. 1369, Odd Fellow's Hall, 2nd and 4th Wednesdays; Peter Ogden, No. 1374. Odd Fellow's Hall. 2nd and 4th Thursdays; Columbia. No. 1376. 1409 28th St. NW., 1st and 3rd Tuesdays; Western Star. No. 1380. Odd Fellow's Hall, 1st and 3rd Wednesdays; J. McC. Crummell, No. 1437. Odd Fellow's Hall, 2nd and 4th Fridays; Greer Mountain. No. 1477, Odd Fellow's Hall. 1st and 3rd Wednesdays; Simon. No. 1602. Odd Fellow's Hall. 1st and 3rd Thursdays; Old Ark. No. 1695. Odd Fellow's Hall. 1st and 3rd Fridays: Rose Hill, No. 1726, Odd Fellow's Hall, 2nd and 4th Thursdays; Social, No. 1819, Odd Fellow's Hall. 1st and 3rd Tuesdays; Union Light. No. 1965. 1409 28th St. NW., 2nd and 4th Fridays; Osceola, No. 2033. Odd Fellow's Hall. 2nd and 4th Tuesdays; Wm. Andrew Freeman. No. 2099, Odd Fellow's Hall, 1st and 3rd Fridays; Traveling Pilgrims. Xo. 2358. Anacostia, D. C, 1st and 3rd Fridays: A. K. Manning, No. 2361, Odd Fellow's Hall, 1st and 3rd Mondays; Golden
ton, 1846,

. ;

134
Reef, No. 2362,
ian,

UNION LEAGUE
Odd Odd

DIRECTORY.

Fellow's Hall, 1st and 3rd Thursdays; Corinth-

Fellow's Hall, 1st and 3rd Mondays; Young No. 3857, Men's Progressive, No. 4156, 140928th St. NW. 2nd and 4th Thursdays; Eureka, No. 4562, Odd Fellow's Hall, 2nd and 4th Thursdays: Initiation fees, $5.00^0 $10.00. Monthly dues, 30 to 50 cents. Annual report: Number of lodges in Dictrict of Columbia, 27
;

Memb., 2,378; cases of relief. 282; buried, 36; paid for benefits las, The Odd Fellows year, $4,322.38; amount of surplus, $23,175.15. Hall Association owns the Odd Fellows Hall, valued at over $55,000. Thos. H. Wright, chairman of the Hall Committee, 916 20th St. NW. Eureka Lodge, No. 4562. Org. May 11, 1899. Meets 2nd and
4th Thursdays at
sick benefits, $3.00 per

Simms, N. G., SW.; Win. N. Nelson, Treas.. Jno. Ricks. Advocate. Peter Ogden Lodge, No. 1374. Org. Dec. 12. 1868. Meet 1606 M St. 2nd and 4th Thursdays; joining fee, $10.00; monthly dues, 35 P. N. F.. Wm. H. A. Frost, P. S., 1102, 21st St.: cts; members, 169. Stewart, Treas.. 171 1 I St; P. X. F.. Peter S-ott, P. N. F.. Wm. H.
;

Fellows Hall; joining fee, $5; dues, 30 cts. week; $60.00 at death; 125 members; Edward 604 Acker St. NE. Henry Banks, P. S.. 731 2nd St.

Odd

Chaplain, 1107 19th St.; P. N.

1 8th St.

F..

Thomas W. West, Advocate, 601

Rising Sun Lodge, No. 1365. Org. Feb. 14, 186S. Meet 1606 M NW., 2nd and 4th Wednesdays; joining fee, $10.00; monthly (hies. 55 cts sick benefits, $3.00 per week; death, $75.00; members. 91 Francis Golden, N. G., 10164^ St. SW. Harry A. Wilkerson, V. G..
St.
;

19 4th St. SE. Rev. Wm. J. Howard, Treas.. -jy Defrees St. Wm. H. Lewis, Jr.. Noble Father; James H. Coleman. Permanent Sec. 161 1 10th St. NW. Joseph Manning, Chaplain. 028 E St. SW.
1 1
; ;
;

Organized October 27, 1846. $10 monthly dues, 40 cents sick benefits, $3.00 per week $60 at death sixty-eight members; N. G., Henry Honesty, 934^2 24th St., N. W. treasurer; Geo. H. Johnson. 920. nth 'St., N. W., per secretary, John C. Norwood. 1632 Superior St., N. W. Organized G. LT O. oe the Sons and Daughters oe Liberty. by the late Rev. John H. Brooks, founder of the Vermont Avenue Bapthird Tuesdays. Initiation fee
; ; .

Union Friendship Lodge, No Meets Odd Fellow's Hall first and

tist

church.
t.

Beverly Lodge, No.

Organized
St.,

May

5th.

1867.

and third Mondays, 1206

Fitzhugh, 1920 9th
St.,

NW.

Joining

fee,

Meets first $ 8.00; monthly

dues, 25 cents; sick benefits, $3.00 per week; at death, $50.

Edward
St..

NW.

Miss H. E. Fitzhugh, 1232 15th

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

1 }

Mrs. M. A. Hamilton, [619 nth; Jordan Thomas, 1542 5U1 Williams, 1406 G NW. K. F. Mt. Vernon Lodge, No. 5. Organized 1872. Meets second and fourth Monday's at [206 R St.. X. \Y. initiation fee, $5.00; monthly dues. 2^ cents; sick benefits, $2.00 per week; death benefits, $40.00. amount expended last year for benemembership, forty-three;

NW.;

fits,

Elm

Si 76.00; cash and property, $90.00. W. T. Johnson, \Y. S.. $?,'J Mrs St., X. W.; John Brent, W. Treas., 2243 9th St., X. W.
;

Sec, ioio R St.. X. W. Sumner Lodge, No. 4. Organized May. 1868. Meets first an< Joining fee, $ 8; monthly third Tuesday nights, Bennings, 1). C. cents; sick benefits, S3 per week; death, $40; members, 07; H. daies. 2; Stewart. A,'. S.. Benning, D. C. Sarah Pratt. A". V. S. M. Addison, A F. Sec'y. Am. Pratt, A". Treas. S. E. Speak, W. R. Sec'y. Richard Delany, Chaplain. Meets first and third Organized 1870. Ivaiiab Lodge, No. 2. Initiation fee. $5. 00; monthly dues. Tuesday's. 1206 R St., N. A'. Memj} cents $2.00 per week for sick benefits and $40.00 at death.
Eliza Little.

W.

bership, ^2.
fits,

Cash and property, Si

on.
S.,
St..

Expended

last

year for bene;

Lawrence Walker, A". $340.00. ert Harrison. P. A'. S.. T444 Samson ford. Sec. [613 3rd St.. X. A".
It

1926 10th St., N. W. X. A".; Miss Flossie

Rob-

Mum-

Sons and Daughters of Moses. No report could be was learned, however, that this order was split in two

obtained.
factions,

which may account for the reticence of its officers. United Order of True Reformers. Fraternal beneficiary association, operated under the laws of the State of Virginia, and paying sick" and death benefits. It is divided into Lodges or Fountain composed, of male and female and juvenile members. It was founded by

Browne in January, 1881. It is now operating in twentyhas 45,000 benefited members, 1,528 Fountains, 1,000 Circles of class members and 390 Rosebud Juvenile Fountains. The total business of the organization for the last twelve months
Rev. A'. A".
states,

two

amounted to over $600,000. The property owned Columbia is valued at $10,000. In the District of Columbia there are 3c) branch Fountains with a total membership of 2,000 members, benefited. The amount paid on account of death claims for the last twelve months was $4,807. The amount paid for sick dues was $2,000. Each of these Fountains has a cash balance in its treasury and in hank to its credit. The total amount of business on all accounts done by the oreranizain all oi the states, in

the District of

136

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

amount to $15,000 annually. The Columbia is No. 400 N. St., N. W. chief deputy in charge, and Mr. J. H. Thornton

tion.in the District of Columbia, principal office in the District of

Mr.
is

W.

S.

Woodson
.

is

the secretary

Macedonia Fountain, No. 25. Organized Sept. 9th, 1884. Meet second and fourth Monday's, Church of Our Redeemer. Joining fee, $4.60; monthly dues, 35 cents; sick benefits, from $1.50 to $2.00; $75 Enoch S. Harris, W. M. F. Mary V. Gains. W. to $125 at death. M. 1424 Sampson St.; Rev. D. E. Wiseman, chaplain; Martha E. Sheppard, Messenger Rev. Isaiah Brooks, W. M. Treas. Dr. R. LGaines, Sec; Carrie Montague, Jr. M. The United Brothers oe Friendship and Sisters of Mysterious Tens. One Temple. Mrs. Emily Munro. Worthy Mistress, 716 Farragut Place, N. W. Membership, 47.
; ;
;

CEMETERIES. The Columbian Harmony Society.

1825.
I ts first officers

Organized November 25,

President, Francis Datcher, Sr., V.P. Wm. Costin; Sec. John B. Hutton Treas., Win. Jackson. The society adopted a suitable constitution and purchased square No. 475, but the growth of the city soon compelled them to sell and purchase the present site, which is owned by their descendants a property valued at $100,000. Meet quarterly at the residence of officers. President,

were:

Hon. Jno. F. Cook; Vice Pres., John A. Simms; Sec, W. H. A. Wormley, T414 Park St.; Treas., L. C. Bailey, 609 F St.. X. W. The Union Burying Society. Organized May ri. [868. Object is to care for the sick and bury the dead. Owns 5.3 acres of land on Conduit road valued at $6,000. Membership, twenty-five. President, Beverly Prior, [321 27th St.; Vice Lots 8x18 $25.00. President, Mildred Brown, 2706 M St.'. X. W. P. Sec, Wm. Wash;

ington, 1332 29th St.; R. Sec,

Mary

E.

Prior;

Trustee,

Wm.

E.

Brown and James Williams. Payne's Cemetery Association. Bennings Road, North of Woodlawn Cemetery; incorporated November 1895. Eight grave
lots,

$20 to $40. James H. Dabney, Pres. James H. Winslow, Treas. and Sec, 1206 R St., N. W. Other directors are Henry Speaks, Sarah Clark and Benj. Mullen; other stockholders are Elizabeth Barnes and
;

Mary

Stokes.

CHARITABLE AND BENEVOLENT.

charity

This investigation has not brought out more than a fraction of the work done by the colored people of Washington. They have

UNION
many

LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

i3 7

cial societies.

charity organizations connected with their churches and benefiBesides, much of their charity is not organized.

Alley Missions sion, Supt., Mrs.

Air'

Jno. A. Bostic, Supt; Willow Tree Alley Mis-

Rosa Brown.

Zion Baptist church maintains two alley missions. Flower Mission. Mrs. Laura Queen, supplies hospitals and the sick with flowers. The Alpha Charity Club. President. Mrs. R. L. Pendleton;
Anacosta,
1).

C.

Band or- Mercy, Little Deeenders. Supt, Mrs. Rosetta Lawson meet every Sunday at joti Vermont Avenue from 5 to 6;
;

E. 35

members.

CHILDREN'S TEMPORARY HOME,

2115 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W.,

Miss Susan

B.

Cook, Superintendent and Founder.

This institution furnishes a remarkable example of what the energy and ability of one woman can accomplish and also gives evidence of the philanthropic spirit with which many of us are endowed. For a merely nominal sum the homeless wards of the Board of Children's Guardians are here housed, fed, clothed, schooled and trained for the private homes to which they are later sent. The home was founded in 1898, and has proved itself a public benefaction. It is a recognized and helpful support to the child earing organization with which it is affiliated.

138

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

The Home for Friendless Gires. A benevolent association, organized by Mrs. Caroline Taylor in 1886, for the protection of colored girls from the evil influences of an idle, street life, and to provide a home for them. Erie Street, between 16th and 17th. Inmates. 24; A lot has been donated near Howard Univ. An appeal is made for Mrs. John A. Pierre, president, 1223 12th St. X. W. funds to build.
Sojourner Truth Home. For working' women and girls, 2007 Vermont Ave., N. W. Offers a home to working women and maintains an Employment Bureau and will entertain lady visitors to Washington a room for this purpose has been furnished by the "Watch-out;

Club," a band of colored school children.

tributions solicited.

A worthy enterprise. ConM. R. Bowrn, 961 Florida Ave. National Association" for the Relief of Destitute Colored Women and Children, 8th and Irving Streets. X. W., organized, President. Mrs. H. M. Hatch. 1316 S St. ;Vice President. Mrs. 1863. A. M. Edgar, 1325 Q St.; Treasurer, Mrs. Ida D. Bailey, 1713 T St.; Secretary, Mrs. Helen A. Cook, 1118 6th St. The officers and memSupported bers composing the board are white and colored women. Dr. Rebecca J. partly by private donations and partly by Congress.
President, Miss
1

Cole, Supt.

Sisters of Charity, Mrs. Sarah

St.

Cowan chairman, 22117th

St.

Cyprian Industrial School.

ized September 10, 1893.

Catholic organization. Organ260 children, age 6 to 17.

W.

C. T. U.

Lincoln Memorial President, Mrs. I. Hill. 2jy Wilson St. Nineteenth Street Baptist President, Mrs. R. E. Lawson, 201 A ermont Ave., N. W. Anna Murrey Douglass President, Mrs. H. C. Bruce, 10,20 nth St., X. w. Shiloh Baptist President. Mrs. J. Anderson Taylor. 1453 Pierce

ORGANIZATIOXS.

Place.

St.,

St.

Third Baptist President, N. E. Augustine President.

W.

Mrs. Fannie

W.

Taylor, 50 Patterson

Miss Matilda A. Wheeler, 1626

St.,

;N.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

*39

mp**

i4o

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

THE HART FARM SCHOOL AND JUNIOR REPUBIC FOR THE MENTAL, MORAL, INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL AND CIVIC TRAINING OF DEPENDENT COLORED BOYS.
sor of law
Prof. W. H. H. Hart of the Washington bar and profesand of Agriculture in Howard University. "Whoever opens a school closes a prison," says Victor Hugo. The Board of Children's Guardians of Washington maintains a large number of boys there, outcasts and waifs upon the streets of Washington just pausing at

Founded by

PROF. W. H. H. HART.
Prof. Hart's Farm School affords a the brink of a life of crime. home and a refuge for them, where they are educated, lifted up, and taught some useful trade. Number of boys, forty-seven, under

four teachers; located in Maryland, twelves miles south of

Washing-

ington, near Fort Washington.

CHURCHES.
The colored people
of the United States
first

showed

their capacity

Their churches are for organization in the formation of churches. their most powerful organizations and the real centres of their social
life.

schools,

Connected with most of the churches are flourishing Sunday Sunday school libraries ind the usual charitable and church

aid societies.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

141

BAPTIST CHURCHES.
There are in the District fifty-three colored Baptist churches, with an enrolled membership of 20,000; property valued at $600,000; 55 Sundav schools; 5,500 pupils; 510 teachers; B. Y. P. L\, 5; members,
2.500.

The churches have preaching every Sunday at 1 1 A. M. and 7 -.30 P. M. Sunday school 9 A. M. prayer meeting Tuesday's. 7:30 P. M.; preaching or lecture Thursday's, 7:30 P. M. The Baptist ministers meeting is at 11 A. M. every Monday at Metropolitan Baptist church. R between 12th and 13th streets- X. W.
;
;

Antioch, 817 24th St.. organized [899; pastor, Rev. A. Martin. Beulah, Hillsdale, organized [863. Berean. 1121 1 8th organized 1877; pastor. Rev. D. F. Rivers, 1416
;

Pierce PI.

Bethesda, 1027 3rd. S. W. pastor. Rev. Pratt. 817 Del. Ave.. S. W, Bethlehem. Nichols Ave., Hillsdale, organized i^J^: Rev. Joseph Matthews. 918 E St. Emanuel. Garfield, organized 1887; Rev. Jesse A. Taylor, ~n 5th
;

St.. S.

E.
bet.

Enon. C,
ing, 151
1

4th

St..

6 and 7th. X. W.

S. E..

organized 1864; Rev. Junius

I.

I.<>

First, of Georgetown, Dumbarton Ave and 27th St.; organized 1862; Rev. James PL Hill. 1322 4th St.. X. AY. First, Sherman C. Farragut organized 1879; Rev. John T. Morton, 3015 Sherman Ave., X. W.
;

First, of

South Washington. 703 6th

St.

St.. S. \Y.

Rev.

W.

J.

Robin-

son. ^-

De frees
Street.

High

32nd near Grace, X.

W.

Rev. Theodore Williams.

i},2- Y,. Ave. X. ?

St..

W.

Gethsemane, 938,
X.

St..

X.

W.

Rev. John H. Winston. 1507 9th

;

w.

[srael, nth bet. F and G X. E., organized 1881 Rev. J. Henry Burke. 1228 Wyl.ie St.. X. E. Jerusalem. 20th near P, organized 1872; Rev. Geo. Harris. 816 22nd St.. X. W.

Liberty, 1743 st St., X. AY.

X. W.. organized

\R('h);

Rev. Isaac Toliver,

14^

Macedonia, Hillsdale, organized 1868: Rev. Stephen Harris.

Metropolitan, R.
bet.

12th and

13th X.

W.

Rev. Robert Johnson,

2015 Vermont Ave.. X. W.

142

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTOKY

;

Mt. Airy, K St., near 4th N. W. Rev. A. B. Hamrn, 11 17 4th N. W. Mt. Ararat, 930 Snows Alley, N. W. Rev. P. Hayes, 66 N
;

St.,

St..

S.

W.
St.. bet.

Mt. Bethel Wilson 2007 8th St.. N. W.

2nd and

3rd. X. \\

Rev. H. Moore,

Organized 1882; Services SunRev. William P. Gibbons, Ph. D.. 421 Q St., Membership, 2,200. evenings. day's and Tuesday and Thursday Raised last year $3,786; large Sunday school and active missionary Flourishing Sunday school: Miss S. J. Strangers welcome. work.

Mt CarmEL

Baptist Church.

cor 4th X.

W.

N.

W.

Janifer, Supt.

Mt. Horeb, 16th bet. B and C N. E. organized 1870; Rev. Randolph Peyton, 242 14V2 St., X. E. Organized 1874; Rev. P. Stewart, Mt. Jezreel, $th and E S. E. D St., S. E. 117 Organized 1885: Rev. J. C. Dent, Mt. Moriah, 2nd cor. X. S. W. 141 O St., X. W. Rev. James Robinson. Mt. Xebo, 1 6th ext. X. W. Organized 1897: Rev. Peter Lucas, Mt. Olive, South near 31st. 1 107 2 1 st St.. X. W. Organized 1873: Rev. Herbert. Mt. Olive. 1 1 36 6th X. E. Organized 1877: Rev. Noah Grimes, Mt. Vernon. Winthrop hts.
;

Howard

University.

Mt. Zion. 13th and

C X.

E. Organized 1869; Rev.

W.

J. J.

Robinson.
R. Xelson,

New

Bethel. 15th bet. Erie

and Huron; Rev. Simeon

733 Wallack,
ter II.

N/W.
Organized 1839; Rev. WalRev. John H. Robinson. 613

Nineteenth Street, 19th cor. I, X. W. Brooks, 1507 15th St.. X. W.

North East
N. E.

1st,

near C. X. E.

St.,

Pilgrim, 4th and O, X.

ton.

W.

Organized 1897; Rev. Wyatt Harring1

Providence. G bet. 3rd and 4 j James T. Clark, 40 Hanover St., X.

S.

W.

Organized

1891: Rev.

W.

Rehoboth, 1322 1st ards, 1017 2nd St., S. Rising Giant. 1026
Strother.

St.. S.

W.
X.

Organized 1863; Rev. John Rich-

W.
1st St.,

W.

Organized 1898; Rev. A. H.

Rock Creek, Tennallytown.

Organized, i$j2.

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

St.

143

Paul, Va.

Ave. near

2ist X.

W.

Organized 1886; Rev. Na:

thaniel Keeling, 512 21st X.

W.
.

Salem. Champlain Ave., bet. 17th and [8th X. \V. Rev. Alex S. Lomax, [636 Superior St., X. \\ X. W. Rev. W. Bishop Johnson. D. 1). Second. 3rd bet. 11 and and 17th X. W. Organized 1863; Rev. J. AnShiloh, L bet. [6th
1

ders"

m Ta_\l( ir, Snow Creek.

D. D.
Hillsdale.

St. Luke's Brightwood. Organized 1879; Rev Shelton Miller. 2213 Brightwood Ave. Tenth Street, 10th and R N. W. Organized 1897; Rev. S. Geriah Larrikins, 2541 Messmore Ave.. N. W. Organized 1858; Rev. James H. Lee, 313 Third. ;th and Q X. W.

Elm

St..

X.

W.
:

Trinidad. Trinidad Ave., near 15th X. E. Rev. W. F. Dixon. X. \Y. Rev. Charles Johnson. Union, 26th and

Union, Marshall, near Sherman. S. \Y. Taylor. Vermont Avenue, Vermont Ave., bet. O and R X. W. Rev. Geo. YV. Lee. 1634 10th X. W. Organized 1875. Rev. A. St., S. W. Virginia Ave., 1st and
;

Willbanks.

Walker Memorial, Madison,

1

bet.

14th and 15th X.

W.

Organized

89 1

Rev.

Edward

B. Gordon, 15 15 Madison.
1

Young
stead.

People's Tabernacle,
F ST.,

near 7th.

S.

W.

Rev. R. A.

Arm-

Organized 1864; Rev. W. J. Howard. -~ Membership 2,200; S. S. 800; Supt. W. D. JarDefrees St.. X. W. vis; church raised last year over $5,000; maintains missions in Willow Tree Court; Win. Cameron, Supt; and at 1245 1st St., S. K.. Aquila

Ziox 335

s.

w.

Sayles. Supt.

Five of the foregoing Baptist churches are said to be irregular.

CATHOLIC CHURCHES.
There are two colored Catholic churches, and their membership
is

About one-fifth of the colored population of estimated at 5,000. Washington is nominally Catholic.
Augustine. Organized 1866; 15th bet. L and M, X W. pastor. Rev. Paul Griffith, 11 18 15th St., N. W. St. Cyprian. 13th and C. S. E. Pastor, Rev. James R. Matthews.
St.
.

144

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY

EPISCOPALIAN.
The colored Episcopal church grew out of the same condition as the other colored churches, viz a feeling on the part of the colored worshipers that they were not fairly treated in the white churches, and
:

St. Mary's mission was established in 187.3, hence were not wanted. and Rev. Alex Crummell, the dean of the colored clergy, placed in The Episcopal In 1875 St. Luke's church was founded. charge. churches and missions are as follows St. Luke's, 15th and Madison, Rev O. M. Waller. 23rd, bet. G. and H Rev. O. mission of St. John's St. Mary's.
(
,

L. Mitchell, vicar.

King Hall Chapel, 2420 6th, Rev. W. V. Tunnell. warden. Mission of Ascension Ascension Chapel, Pomeroy and 5th N. W.
St.

Philips, Anacostia,

Rev. F.

I.

A. Bennett,

res.

330 Elm

St.,

TABLE No. 6. Tabular Statement of Seventeen of the larger Baptist Churches.

Churches.

Org.
1877 1864

No. of No. in VIemb's s. s.

325 300 450
125 75 100 65 75 395 250 40

Raised
last year.

Val. of

Property
25,000 16,000 5.000

Berean

Enon
First of South
Israel

Washington
1 88 1869

2,500 1,500 1,600

480
3-250 3,700

5000
25,000 50,000 10,000 3.5oo
,25,000

Liberty Metropolitan

845

900
160 125
2,207

Mount Airy Mount Bethel. Mount Carmel Mount Horeb

Nineteenth Street

40 360
75

600 917
3.786 3.000 5-353

Salem Second Baptist

Shiloh

Third Baptist

Vermont Avenue
Zion
Totals

1870 1839 1873 J 847 1863 1858 1867 1864

259
1,700

130 1,500 1,100 1,000 3,3 2,200

16,626

35o 30 300 200 250 400

1,200
4.205

5o
5.400 4.050
2,591

5.000 5,000

6,500 80,000 13,000 40,000 35>oo 35.000 60,000 50,000

49,227 $484,000

The property valuations

tion of the

Church Authorities.

are the estimates of the Compiler and not the valuaThe other items are official.

The

data for the other Churches will be found in the following

Tabular Statements.

25

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146

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

The property valuation given in the foregoing tabular statements are the estimates of the Compiler and not the valuations of the church authorities. They are, however, believed to be conservative. The other data were received from official sources.

METHODIST.
distinctively colored

In July 1794 at Philadelphia, and in 1796 at New York, the first Methodist churches were organized. From the

first

Philadelphia church grew the great A. M. E. Church, which held its conference in Philadelphia in 181 6, and from the New York
Z.,

church grew the A. M. E.

which convened

At Jackson, Tenn.,

in 1870, half a

at New York in 1820. century later the Colored Meth-

odist Episcopal church

was set apart by the has since had a prosperous growth.

M. E. Church South, and

PRESBYTERIAN.
The Fifteenth Street Presbyterian, 1 5th bet. I and K, N. W. Rev. Membership 350; S. S. Francis J. Grimke, pastor, 1526 L N. W. Amount raised last year, $2,550; value of 176; Mr. J. L. Love, Supt. Other organizations are the Missionary Comproperty, $60,000. mittee, the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society, the
;

Church Aid Society, Y. P. C. E., Sr., and Jr., and a Temperance Sowhich has a choir that has gained considerable popularity. S. S. Prayer meeting Thursday at at 9:30; services 11 A. M. and 5 P. M.
ciety

7:30 P. M.

The Sunday School Union

forties,

of the District, organized in the early

hag had a continuous existence and is now a member of the International Union. It has two objects first, the founding and fostering of missions throughout the D. C. second, the establishment and maintenance of a S. S. Teachers' Institute. It maintains four missions. Thirty-nine schools belong to it.
:

The Young
The

People's Society of Christian Endeavor,

life

is

one of

the potent factors in the religious

of the

young

people.

general officers in the District of Columbia are white, with one

exception, yet there are several colored persons on the

tees of the

Board of Trus-

United Society.

churches, especially the

This organization seeks to bring together all of the Evangelical young people, and to unify their forces to fight afl forms of sin.
-

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

147

According to a Tabular Statement published in the "Independent," X. V., January 3, 1901, the membership in the leading colored churches for the U. S, is given as follows: Baptists, 1,86; ,600; The A. M.-E., 673,504; A. M. E. Z., 536,271; C M. E., 199,206. number of colored members of the Methodist Episcopal Church is not o-iven in that statement, but is usually placed around 200,000. By reference to the large table on page 145, it will be seen that all of the larger branches of colored methodism are well represented in Washington; the A. M. E., with eight; the A. M. E. Z., with with four, and the M. E with eight, a total of five; the C. M. E twenty-five organizations, with a combined membership of 7,043; 2,479 m Sunday-schools; raised in 1S90 for church purposes, 52,770, and have church property valued at $462,500. The M. E. Church, which remains an organic part of the white Methodist Episcopal Church, North, is the oldest, historically, in the District of Columbia, Mt. Zion, of Georgetown, having been Israel, coner of organized in 18 16. The A. M. E, comes next. 1st and B streets, southwest, then in that connection, was organized In 1874, Israel changed her connection to the C. M. E. in 1820. Church. The A. M. E. Zion Church was first represented here by Metropolitan Wesley, 211 D street, southwest, organized in 1832, the same year as that of Ebenezer, 4th and D streets, southeast, an M. E. Church. Asburv, another M. E. Church, was organized in Galbraith, A. M. E. Z., in 1836; Metropolitan A. M. E., in 1838. Ebenezer A. M. E., 1856. The Fifteenth street Presbyterian 1855. was founded by the Rev. John F. Cook, in 1841. Plymouth, and Lincoln Mission, now Lincoln Memorial Congregational Church, were both founded in 1881, the same vear as the organization of the Miles Memoral, a C. M. E. Church.
,

CLUBS.
There are several
self-culture clubs or circles for self-improvement
in music, literature, the care of the

home and
circle

the rearing of children.

Among them the following The Book Lovers. A reading

who
;

composed of eleven women,

have maintained their organization since 1894, meet fortnightly at homes of members pursue courses of reading and study for higher culture; President, Mrs. Coralie F. Cook; secretary, Miss Ida A. Gibbs, 14 X St.. X. W. Harriet Beecher Stowe Mothers' Club, affiliated with the National Congress of Mothers; 20 members; Pres. Mrs. Rosetta E. Lawson, 201 1 Vermont Ave.

There

are, also, several clubs

and

classes for the study of the

French

148

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

and Spanish languages. One club, which meets on Howard University t nil. under me leadership of Prof. Geo. M. Lightfoot, is pursuing This winter, they are studya course of reading in French literature. ing the works of Alexander Dumas. There is a large number of pleasure clubs, most of them are short Among the more prominent may be mentioned the following: lived. Organized [897; R. V. Cook, Aeolian Mandolin and Guitar Club. Pres.. 1118 16th St.; J. E. Walker, sec, 1809 13th St. The Bachelor-Benedict Club. H. V. Arnett. president; Dr. W. P.
Xapper, vice-president; E. F. Arnold, secretary. 1345 V St.. N. W. H. A. Wallace, treasurer. Cosmos Club. Organized October 1st. 1899. Meet third SaturActive members F. L. Cordozo, Jr., day at residence of members.

president; Dr. C. S.

Wormley,

vice-president; B. C. Waller, secretary,

F
B.

St..

X.
I.

W.

treasurer;

H. Douglas,

A. C. Bradford, assistant secretary; R. T. Douglas, financial secretary R. V. Cook. J. H. Cook,

:

Jackson, J. B. Hyman, W. L, D. Wilkinson, M. C. Jones, Dr. S. Honorary members Robt. H. Terrell. Dr. A. M. Charles Harrison.

Curtis.

H. X. Waring, Geo. W. Cook. Jerome A. Johnson, Henry E. Baker. Dr. Jno. R. Francis, Rev. O. M. Waller. P. B. S. Pincliback. James T. Bradford, Robt. J. Harlan. Dr. F. J. Shadd. Jno. F. Cook. Chas. R Douglass, Eugene Brooks. The Independent Mandolin and Guitar Musical Club. Jas. E. Miller manager. Inaugural Welcome Club. [901. Daniel Murray, president, 034 S H. Y. Arnett. secretary. St., X. W. The Wooer's Pleasure Club. Morris Koonce, president. Navy Department; Daniel Freeman, secretary. 151(1 14th St.. N. W.
Dr.
J".
:

Political Clubs.
Blaine Invincible Republican Club. f>og
s<

St.

Col Perry

11.

Car-

m, president.

The W. Calvin Chase Republican

Secretary. S. B.

Club.

Lincoln Republican National League,

['resident.

Meets 4th and Tames

St.

W. Poe;

Thompson.

LITERARY SOCIETIES.
The American Xegro Academy is the most ambitious intellectual Its membership is limited to 50. and now organization of the race. stands at 36. It is an organization of authors, artists, scholars and
persons distinguished
in

other walks of

life

scattered throughout the

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

149

country, vet in its publications no titles of degrees are permitted to was organized March -. It be joined to the names of the writers. [897, at Lincoln Memorial Congregational church, this city, by the late Rev. Alexander Crummell, D. 1).. its founder and first president. President. YV. E. B. DuBois, Atlanta University; Present officers
:

Vice-President,

Secretary
Secretary,

Prof.
1.

Scarborough, Wilberforce, Ohio; Recording Moore, Howard University; Corresponding YV. Cromwell, [439 Pierce Place: Treasurer. Rev. F. J.
\V.
S.
I..

B.

Grimke,
[ts

526 L

St.,

\. YV.
follows:

objects as stated in the constitution are as

to aid
at

To

pro-

mote the publication of scholarly works;

attainments of the higher culture,
its

youths of genius in the home and abroad: to gather into

archives valuable data and the works of

Besides the officers mentioned the resident

C. Cook.

Negro authors. members are:

Prof. C.

Hayson, Rev. A. P. Miller and Robert H. Terrell. Tin- Bethel Literary and Historical Association The parent of the present literaries and lyceums in Washington; was organized in 1SS1 by Bishop Payne. Mr. Robert (. Smith, a native of Bermuda, was first president. The history of this society was published in [895 by Mr. John Weslev Cromwell. Meets even Tuesday at Met. A. M. E. Church. Essays and discussions. PresiB.

Walter

Kelly Miller; vice-president, W. A. Joiner: second vice Mrs. Jennie Conner; secretary. Miss Ella M. Boston: treasurer. Miss M. R. Bowen librarian, Mr. J. W. Cromwell. Thi- society is probably better known throughout the country than any similar society in the United States.
dent.

Prof.

lent.

Congressional Lyceum.
Meets Lincoln Mem. church,
3:30.
1

ith

and

R. every

Sunday afternoon

at

YV. C. Martin, president.

The
(

G. U. 0. of 0. F. Lyceum.

Irgan/zed November, iqoo. Meets every Sunday 3 :^o at Odd Fel lows' hall. 11. L. Livings J. B. Askins, founder and first president. n >n, secretary.

Sunday School Lyceum of Second Baptist Church.

Meets every Sunday (except 2d) at Second H and northwest. Joining fee Membership 254. Contributed to several funds designed 25 cents. for public benefit and sent delegations to various authorities to urge adoption of measures looking toward racial advancement. Addressed only by recognized authorities on subject tinder discussion bv leaders
Baptist church. 3rd street, between
1

Organized May. [886.

150

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

of the race throughout the country and by several distinguished members of U. S. Senate and House of Representatives. Has largest regPresident, R. W. ular attendance of any Lyceum in Washington.

Thompson Recording
;

Secretary,

James E. Slaughter Corresponding

;

Secretary, Miss Bessie Miller. There are several other lyceums connected with the churches and

Sunday

schools, but those

mentioned are the most widely known.

MEDICAL, ETC.
The- Medico-Chirurgical Society of D. C. Organized 1894; 70 members. Meet 2d and 4th Thursday, 21 it President Dr. A. W. Tancil, 21 11 Pa. Ave., Pa. avenue northwest. northwest; vice president. Dr. J. R. Wilder, 412 B southeast. TreasSecretary, Dr. urer, Dr. George W. Cabaniss, 1906 K northwest. W. Mitchell. 411 E southeast. Correspoding Secretary, Dr. A. John B. Cole, 1505 northwest. The Washington Dental Society. Organized 1900. President, W. S. Lofton. Secretary. W. S. Nay-

lor.

Treasurer, C. A. Gray.

Librarian, C. S.

The Alumnae Association

St.,

of

Wormley. Freedmen's Hospital Training School

Meets at Nurses' Home, 1636 N. W.. every second Tuesday. Initiation fee $1. Membership 40. President, Mrs. Gertrude S. Thorn, 1431 street northwest. Secretary, Miss Georgie J. Griffin, 1636 O northwest. Treasurer, Miss Annie A. Simms, Freedmen's Hospital.
for Nurses. Organized June, 1897.

MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS.
Probably the
first

colored militia

company

in the District of

Col-

umbia was the Butler Zouaves, organized

by Captain Chas. B. Fisher, a sailor, now in the Treasury Department. It was composed entirely of Veterans. About seven or eight years later two additional companies were organized and Captain Fisher became the major of the battalion. The organization formed the nucleus of Major Fisher's Battalion, as mustered into the National Guard in 1887. At least one company has maintained itself as an independent organization to the present time, having added a beneficial feature. All of the military companies bore their own expenses prior to the time they were mustered into the National Guard.
in 1865,

First Separate Battalion. D. C. N. G.

C. A. Fleetwood, Captain from December 1880, and Major from October 1884, to March 24, 1891, when he resigned.

Armory, 708 O street northwest. From data kindly furnished by Major

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

151

Company "A," Washington Cadet corps was organized June, 1880, and remained an independent organization until merged into National Guard as the Sixth battalion under command of Major Fleetwood, SS7. In October, 1884, a three company battalion had been in June. organized, the fourth company, "D," and a band having been added in
1

1886.

The Capital City Guard, Captain Thomas S. Kelly, was organized December, 1880. Captain William Cornell organized a company called the Lincoln Light Infantry about 1 881. Captain W. P. Gray organized a company about 1882. Captain Primus H. Simmons organized the Webster
Rifles about this time.

The organizations entering the National Guard were as follows: Major Chas. B. Fisher, the ranking major; the Sixth battalion. Major C. A. Fleetwood; the Seventh battalion. Major F. C. If the}' could have agreed they would have been organRevells. ized into a regement, but they could not agree. General Ordway,
Fifth battalion,

forgetting their splendid record, ordered the colored battalions mustered out of service in March. 1891. Under the leadership of Major Fleetwood an appeal was made to President Harrison. This order was finally recalled and a new order issued consolidating all of

Commands under one Major. Major Fleetwood resigned. having defeated the plan of mustering them out. He was succeeded by Major F. C. Revells, who died in 1897. The present commander. Major Arthur Brooks, was appointed by Brigadier General Harries December 10. 1897. Major Brooks, an excellent organizer and a fine soldier, has restored the battalion to its former state of efficiency. He carried to the camp of the D. C. N. G.. July, 1900, 220 men, by all odds the largest and finest looking body of men in the camp. The rethe Colored
port of the inspector general says
:

"The organization making the greatest improvement was the First work in guard duty, both on the part of ofcers and men was unexcelled. They displayed great anxiety to profit
Separate battalion, whose

by instruction and experience, and they well deserve the distinction of being detailed as guard of honor for the Secretary of War, on the
occasii

m
(

<

>f

his visit."

Guard was first organized a board of officers was appointed August 2. 1887) to examine all officers for the Guard. On this hoard. Captain Arthur Brooks (now major) was the first colored
the
1

When

man

to serve, being

his term

one of the original appointees. October 15, 1889, having more than expired, he was relieved by Captain James

I5 2

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

A. Perry, who served until he resigned from the Guard. June 30, 1892, sickness. his term having been prolonged because of a long spell of organization have been as follows The official designations of the The Washington Cadet Corps, from June 12, 1880. The 6th Battalion, D. C. N. G., July 18, 1887. The ;th Battalion. D. C. X. G.. April 22, 1889, to April 7. 1891. Since the latter date the 1st Separate Battalion, D. C. X. G.,
:

The present standing of

;

the organization

is

as follows:

Maim-. Arthur Brooks; adjutant, James T. Walker; quartermaster, AW Bruce Evans surgeon, Philip Broome Brooks insjector, rifle pracquartertice, Frank J. Cardozo; sergeant-major. Edward T. Burrell; master sergeant. Winston D. Payne; hospital steward. Win. K. Scott; color sergeant, Ambrose Cook. Company "A" Captain. Edward L. Webster. 1st lieutenant, S. A. Ward 2nd lieutenant, Clarence Davis. Company "B" Captain Samuel S. F. Piper; 1st Lieutenant, Lewis H. Patterson: 2nd Lieutenant. Robert Payton. Company "C" Captain Frederick T. Webster; st lieutenant. R. B. Covington; 2nd lieutenant. H. D. Richardson. Company "D" Captain. James H. Campbell est lieutenant, Joseph H. Johnson; 2nd lieutenant, Henry Chace. The number of officers and men is 286, the largest battalion in the Guard.
;

its record would till a book. noted events in its history we cannot refrain from )n the 15th of October. [883, the original mention of three, at least. company. Washington Cadet Corps, officered by Captain Fleetwood, Lieutenants Perry and Countee, and with thirty-seven enlisted men. won handsomely the magnificent silver cup offered by Mr. John \\ The other companies contestBoteler, a prominent Avenue merchant. ing were the Butler Zouaves, Captain C. B. Fisher; Capital City Guards. Company "A." Captain T. S. Kelly: Company "B," Captain W. P. Gray; Lincoln Light Infantry, Captain William Cornell. In

recapitulation of

Among

the

many

this drill the present

Major Brooks was

first

sergeant of the company.

23 to 30, 1887, thur Brooks was entered in the "Interstate Drill," held in the Ellipse at the rear of the White House, and though not in the winning class, unstained with great credit the reputation of the corps for drill, discipline

May

Company "A"

of the corps under Captain Ar-

and

efficiency.

On

the 16th of April,

all

1887.

Major Fleetwood's
its

battalion paraded

independent of

other organizations with

own band

of thirty

UNION LEAGUE
pieces, the four

DIRECTORY.

[53

companies being fully uniformed (all save Company )f the 200 "D" wearing the dress uniform and lynx shako-,). held by them at that time not one was left in the racks. The membership was about 300. It was then by all odds the largest, the best nutfitted, the best drilled and desciplined colored military organizal on an independent footing ever seen in the United States. the .National Guard It was this splendid organization which entered the parent -took of the est Separate in May, 1SS7. and became
(
1

talion

<

if

the present.

MUSICAL >RGANIZATIONS.
(

Manv of the churches have well drilled choirs. Xotably so the Asbury eh iv under the leadership of Mr. J. Henry Lewis, who has brought this choir up to a high state of efficiency. The 15th streer Presbyterian choir, St. Augustine's choir, the Vermont Ave. Baptist
and many
1

>thers.

of the rc/TH Street Baptist Church. I!;:- been well trained under the leadership of Mr. Benjamin \\ ington, one of our young musicians, who graduated a few years ago Mr. Washington has made himself very from our Normal school. musical lines, having also been the efficient leader of the useful along singing of the Lyceum of the Second Baptist church. Mr. Booker T. Washington and Prof. Council, of Alabama, seeing his work at tins Lyceum, both made him tempting offers to go South and teach musk Both of which offers he declined because in their respective schools. of his bright prospects in the public schools where he is a mode teacher. The work of another church choir deserves mention, the Met A. M. E., under the leadership of Prof. John T. Layton. This is perhaps the largest and best drilled colored church choir in the country. Prof. Layton has spent many years in bringing this musical or; A splendid bass singer himization up to its high state of efficiency. self, his choir and his own services have ever been ready to assisl other enterprises of a public nature by taking part and in giving Thev -in:; the best and higher classes of church music. certs. Hoffman's Band. Organized February 16, [899. Meet

The Choir

Mm
.

Separate Battalion. Membership 40. Organized September 7. 89 t M< Tin; Amphion Glee Club. every Wednesday evening. Joining fee Si. on Dues $ cents a in President James FT. Value of property $100. fifteen members. Washington, [526 Tierce Place; secretary, William he Long, 202:
r

st

Vermont avenue;
1

treasurer, Chas. A. Cham]).

This
<

is

the oldesl
I

>red

male

ireranizatii

of

its

kind

in the

)istrid

G Aunbia.

154
its

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

business manager and musical director. Prof. J. Henry Lewis, 1523 Pierce Place, has attained a reputation for a high degree of excellence and efficiency. It is the only like organization that has entertained

President McKinley and Cabinet by request.

Association. Organized February 10, Meets every Tuesday. Joining fee 75cts. Monthly dues iocts. Membership 40. Value of property, $100. President, B. H. Baker. 1440 T street northwest; vice president, R. W. Johnson, 920 nth st. northwest; business manger, Benjamin Washington, 11 20 20th street northwest; corresponding secretary, Jos. D. Wilson, 1121 19th street northwest; musical director. J. Henry Lewis. 1523 Pierce place. Presented the "Pirate of Penzance" (Gilbert and Sullivan) with costume, stage settings and full orchestra, in June, 1900. First time by a colored organization in Washington. The Trebee Clef, a club of married women for the study of the best music and its cultivation in the home. Organized 1896. Meet alternate Wednesday's at the homes of members. At their last recital several pieces from Chaminade were artistically rendered. Pres. Mrs. A. F. Hilyer; sec. Mrs. Arthur S. Gray.
1900.

The Dvorak Musical

PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES.
Department oe the Potomac,
G. A. R.

Charles Stunner Post, No. 9. organized [883. Meets 1st and 3rd Wednesdays, G. A. R. hall. Commander, William H. Grimshaw, 247 10th street northeast; adjutant. William hi. Liverpool, Anacostia,

D. C. Frederick Douglass Post. No. 20. Organized December 5, 1898. Meets Grand Army hall. 14T2 Pennsylvania avenue, 2nd and 4th Thursdays. Initiation fee $2.00. Monthly dues 2Scts. George D. Graham commander, Anacostia, D. C. James W. Butcher adjutant,

308 B

street southeast.
4.

O. P. Morton Post. Xo. O. P. Morton

James Wells, commander.

Charles H.

Shorter, Pension Office, adjutant.

Woman's

First in this department.

Butcher. 308 B street 1629 Xew Jersey avenue.

Relief Corps, No. 1. Organized 1883, Meets 2d Monday. President, Mrs. C. E. southeast. Secretary, Dr. Carrie H. Thomas,

Soxs of Veterans.
General Russel A. Alger Camp, Xo. 25.
vin.

Captain,

W. H. Judd Mal-

Captain Andre Caillonx Camp, No.

3.

Captain Hamilton Thorn-


UNION LEAGUE
ton.

DIRECTORY.

55

All

young men whose

fathers served in the Civil

War

are eligible

to membership.

PHILANTHROPIC.
Tin; Colored
central idea

of the

Woman's League was organized in June, [892. Its was National Union. It appealed to the Colored Women country to form similar organizations and to co-operate with
accomplishment of the objects
set forth in its constitu-

them
te

for the

m.

As

a result of the appeal the First National organization of Col-

ored Women was formed and was finally admitted into the National Council of Women at the Triennial meeting held in Washington, February, 1895. After a brilliant and sucessful convention held in 1896, The National League agreed to unite with another organization of colored women. The Washington League then turned with increased ardor to its local work. It established a training school for kindergarten teachers. October, 1896, and for two years after maintained seven free kindergartens. Later the kindergarten system was introduced into the public schools of Washington. The credit is due the

League for furnishing

to the public schools

from

their training classes

seven of the eight teachers appointed. With the hope of encouraging and stimulating industries among the colored women of the District, an exhibit was held in March, 1900, at

which time there were shown nearly three hundred specimens of needle
work, including dressmaking, millinery, plain sewing, embroidery, lacework and many articles from the Mending Bureau of the League. There were also samples of typewriting, drawing applied design, bookbinding, and hue laundry work, etc. The women of the League are at present engaged in carrying on a Day Nursery to provide a place where poor mothers who work out may leave their little ones during the day, knowing that they will be kindly cared for. It is located in the house of the Stock Holders' 1 nion, an organization composed almost entirely of League women and having similar aims, at No. 1931 T2th street northwest. Annual membership dues, $1.00. Regular monthly meeting held last Monday in each month at 1505 street. 7:30 p. m. Executive monthly meeting first Monday, 1526 L street, 3:30 p. m. Officers Mrs. Helen A. Cook, president, 11 18 16th street northwest; Mrs. Fannie E. Smyth, first vice president, 1818 Eleventh street: Mrs. Annie M. Gray, second vice president, 1505 street; Miss Anna V. Tomp-

kins, treasurer,

1363 Kenesaw avenue; Miss Ella D. Barrier, secretary. 1706 17th street; Mrs. Ida D. Bailey, corresponding secretary,
1

71 3

street northwest.

m6
Julia

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

Mrs. Charlotte F. Grimke. Mrs. Emily Lee. Mrs. Executive Board M. Layton. Mrs. O. L. White. Mrs. Isabel M. Howard, chairman Day Nursery committee.

Organized

The National Afro-American Council. at Rochester. New York. September 15. 1898.
Its

Non-

partisan in politics.

aim

is

the betterment of the condition of the

colored people in the United States.

Afro-American Council, No. 1 Meets 2d Monday. Lincoln Mem. church, nth and R streets. $1.00 President and chairman executive comto join; dues xocts a month. mittee. Hon. Geo. H. White. M. C, [814 18th street northwest; first vice president; Jesse Lawson. 201 1 Vermont avenue; recording seccorresponding retary. Howe; financial secretary. Samuel E. Lacey secretary. Julius Chilcoat treasurer. John H. Hannon. The Social, Civil and Statistical Association of D. C. Reorganized [899. A society of colored resiOrganized 1861. dents of the District of Columbia. Meets 3d Wednesday at 15th street.
; ;

Presbyterian

Church.

Dues,

-yscts

quarterly.

Object:

To

secure

equality of opportunity for the colored people in the District of Co-

lumbia. President, Hon. John F. Cook, 1118 16th street northwest; Recording Secretary. Walter B. Hayson, box 433. Station G; Corresponding Secretary, R. H. Nugent, 1623 Corcoran; Treasurer. J. X. F. Wilkin-

Chairmen of Committees: Executive, son, 901 E street southwest. northwest; Social Rights. Prof. Kell y Miller, Aaron Russell, [23]

430 College

street; Civil Rights, Dr. J. R. Wilder. Suffrage). Dr. F. J. Shadd, 90] east; Statistical
(

312 B

street south-

street

northwest;

Finance, Jerome A. Johnson, 739 K street northwest; Auditing, John 3rd street northwest; Public Schools, R. W. TompL. Hickman. 101 kins, 41*; Q street northwest.
r
1

The Union League of the District of Columbia. Organized January 1892. The object- of the Union League are to advance the moral, material and financial interests of the colored people; to inaugurate and maintain a more fraternal feeling and a closer union among them; to foster Mich a spirit of co-operation that mechanical, industrial and professional enterprises may be established and maintained: and to collect and disseminate among the people such data and information as will best tend to promote these ends. Arthur S. Craw president; John A. Gray, Officers and Directors

Sr., vice

president

Andrew

F. Hilyer. secretary, -'35-' 6th

northwest;
at

Dr. R. T. Hamilton, treasurer; Prof. Kelly Miller, corresponding secretary; Rev. F.

}.

Grimke, chaplain Joseph Hannoe, sergeanl

;

arm-;

UNION
Rev.

LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

157

W.
-

I.

Cook, Lewis

Henry

'.

Prof. W. II. Richards, Prof. George William Douglass, Rev. George W. Lee, Rev. James II. Le< Baker, Joseph Mailing, directors.

Howard.
II.

Vk

\l

>ES

>RG

\NIZATK

>NS.
L.

Douglass Assembly of Steam Engineers, K. of

;

'

h'ganized

Meets Capital Savings bank building, 2d Reorganized [900. [893. and 4th Wednesdays. M. \V., Ezekiel Sommerville Secretary, Chas.

McDowell, 719 Delaware avenue Treasurer, Solomon J. Foreman: Judge Advocate, Warren Webb. Hotel Oxford. President, Mod Carriers' Society, No. 1. Organized [875. Samuel Preston; vice president. Richard Spencer; secretary, Solomon [618 Vermont avenue northwest. Belongs to the Federation |. Chiles, <>i Labor. Membership 450. Wages, $2.00 per day; average $9.00 per Sick benefits, week for about forty weeks; dues _'5cts per month. Meets at Cadets' S3. 00 per week: funeral. $60,00; widow. $25.00.
11.
;

Amu ry.

The Piano Movers' Association. Robert Harris, president; Ed ward S. Craig", secretary; Harry G. Robinson, treasurer. Plumbers' Laborers' Union, Xo. i. Organized [885. The old'

in the District of Columbia. Wilson: Financial Secretary. M. S. Gordon; RecordE ing Secretary, G. B Washington; Treasurer Wilson Morton. Membership, j?. Get $2.00 per day for eight hours. Average $9.00 per week. )ues Si .00 per nv mth. Sick benefits S3. 00 per week.. Funeral S40.00/ Waiters' Brotherhood Meets 1220 New York avenue.
est

labor organization of colored

B.

men

President,

MISCELLANEOUS EFFORTS.
Efforts to Educate Their Children.
Adapted from an article prepared y Mr. Gto. F. T. Cook, for m< re than thirty years superintendent of colored public schools. A portion of this paper was published in the February 1901, number of the ">earchlig-ht."
t

The efforts of the colored people of Washington to establish and maintain schools for the education of their children began nearly a century ago. In [807, after the erection of the first two school houses for the instruction of white children. Geo. Bell. Nicholas Franklin and Moses Liverpool, three unlettered colored men. born and reared as slaves, and who had just emerged from slavery, serin- that the children of their race had no school, organized a movement and erected the first school house in Washington for colored children. It was located near the site of Providence Hospital in the southeastern
part ot the city.
In this structure
vei rs

ished for several

under

they opened a school which flourMr. Lowe, a white man. In that year

158
a

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

census of Washington proper showed a total free colored population

of 494.

The first colored school in Georgetown was opened about 1810, by Mary Billings, a well educated English woman, in a brick house on Dumbarton avenue, between Congress and High streets.
Mrs.

Another school of this early period was opened and taught near the Old Capitol by Airs. Anne M. Hall, from Prince George county, Maryland, who was the first colored teacher in this District. It was m these three schools that most all of the colored teachers who occuAbout 1820 Mr. John pied the field after 1820, wire prepared. Adams, the first colored man to teach in the District assumed charge of the school opened by Air. Bell. Probably the most historic colored school was in a house built in 1822 by Henry Smothers, a colored man, on H street, near FourIt was used for school purposes for forty years, or teenth northwest' It was t>ught by Air. until destroyed by incendiaries in 1862. Smothers, John W. Prout and John F. Cook, a nephew of George Air. Cook having purchased his freedom a few years before, asBell. sumed charge of this school in 1834. and taught almost continuously There was an interruption of one year when till his death in 1855. the school was broken up during the "Snow Riot." September, 1835, which was especially directed against the colored schools. After Air. Cook's death, this school was taken up and taught by his sons until 1867, when merged into the present public school system. About this time race hatred was very bitter and had gradually swept away the sympathy and encouragement which heretofore had been extended by the better class of the white people. Its withdrawal aroused a spirit of determination, self-reliance and irrepressible energy in the
maintain their schools, that in this period a larger number of established than in any other like period. .Among them may be mentioned: Benjamin McCoy's, started in 1833, and taught Fiy him for sixteen years; Enoch Ambush's, started in 1833, and taught There were many by him to 1865, almost one-third of a century.
effort to

schools

was

others-,

among them many

parochial. Catholic, schools.

At the approach of the Civil

War

the private colored schools of

Washington and Georgetown embraced at least 1,200 children. The pboHtion of slavery and the coming to Washington, the seat of the Government of a large number of former slaves, trebled the free 'red population of the District. This emergency was for a time met C(
'1'

For a full account of these earU' Colored Schools, see report of Hon. Henry Barnard, Commissioner of Education, to the Senate, May 30, 1868.

UNION LEAGUE
by various missionary North.
Tin-;
efforts

DIRECTOR.

151

from kind friends, mostly from the

Present Public School System.

first

May 21,

1862, Congress passed its

Act looking

to the establish-

ment of schools for colored children, w.ncii, however, was held to be Another act was pas.sed in June, 1864, but only one inoperative. school was opened prior to 1866, owing to the insufficiency of funds.
public schools, seven teachers and 450 puMr. Geo. F. T. Cook became superintendent, and the year in which the act of June, 1864, became operative, there were 41 schools. 41 teachers and 2.300 pupils; in 1900 there were over 400 colored teachers and an enrollment of colored children of nearly

In 1866-67

'

iere

were

five

pils.

In [868, the year

16,000.

From 1868 to June 30, 1900. the management of the colored school-, has been practically in the hands of colored men. Mr. George F. T.
Cook was first appointed superintendent in 1868; served two years, and after an intermission of one year was recalled to that position in 87 1. and filled it from that time to its abolition, June 30, 1900. when Congress established the present Board of Education. Among the first school trustees were the following: Alfred Jones, William Syphax. William H. A. Wormley, Henry Johnson and John H. Brooks, each of whom labored earnestlv and zealonslv for the upbuilding of our splendid school system. Although there has been but one school board during most of the time since 1868. the colored members have practically had control of their own schools, and the present efficiency is largely due to their efforts. Two colored women haw been members of the school board: Mrs. Mary Church Terrell and Mrs. Bettie G. Francis, the present incumbent. The other colored member of the present board is Lawyer James F. Bund v.
1

schools are officered as follows Superintendent, Mr. A. T. Stuart white) assistant superintendent, in charge of colored schools. Prof. W. S. Montgomery, office Franklin school, residence, 1912 nth street northwest.
( :

The colored

Primary work. Miss E. F. G. 1109 I street northwest: music. Miss IT. A. Gibbs, 14 X street northwest: drawing. Prof. T. W. Hunster, 1476 Kenesaw avenue; manual training. Mr. J. H. Hill. 227 Wilson street northwest: cooking, Miss M. B. Cook; sewing. Miss C. E. Syphax, 1447 Pierce place, northwest: physical culture. Miss H. B. George, 619 B street
Merritt.

Assistant directors of special work:

northeast.

High School

M, between

1st

and

New Jersey

avenue northwest,

l6o
Prof. R.

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

H.
Terrell, principal.

326

street northwest.

Normal School: Miner Moten. principal. "28 4th

building-. 17th

and Madison. Miss Lucy

street northwest.

Ninth

Division.

Supervising Principal. Mr. Ellis W. Brown; office Sumner building, residence 924 24th northwest. Buildings and Principals: Briggs. E and 22d northwest, Mr. F. L. Cardozo, 1333 V street northwest; Garrison. 1 2th. between R and S northwest. Miss K. U. Alexander, 151 2 Pierce place northwest; Magrnder. M, between 16th and 17th northwest Miss A. M. Mason. 221S I northwest; Philips. X between 27th and 28th northwest, Miss G. F. Smith. 1613 Madison street northwest; Stevens. 21st. between K and L northwest. Mr. J. C. Xalle. 1420 Pierce place; Sumner, At and 17th northwest. Miss M. E. Gibbs. 1741 20th northwest; Wormley, Prospect, between 33d and 34th northwest, Mis> A. 'P. Howard. 2000 7th northwest.
1

Division. Supervising principal, Dr. J. H. N. Waring, office John F. Cook school, residence Le Droit Park. Buildings and Principals: Banneker, yl. between K and L northwest. Mr. J. W. Cromwell. 1439 Pierce st .and Pierce streets northwest. Miss 11. place northwest; Douglass, A Hebbron, [29 24th northwest Garnet, U and 10th northwest. Miss Uicinda Cook. 2224 6th northwest; John F. Cook. ). between 4th and 5th northwest. Miss S.C.Lewis, 120 19th northwest: Jones. L and sr northwest, Mi K. C. Lewis. [823 Vermont avenue; Logan. 3d and
1

Tenth

northeast. Miss M.

L.

Washington; Patterson. Vermont avenue.

1 1

near

northwest. Miss C. A. Patterson. 1532 15th northwest; Slater. 100 st northwest. Miss E. A. Chase, P. between North Capitol and northwest. Eleventh Division. Supervising principal, Mr. J. Ik Clark, office Lincoln school, resi-

dence 1726 8th northwest. Buildings and principals: Ambush, L between 6th and 7th southwest. Miss R. J. Baldwin, 1234 4th northwest; Anthony Bowen, 9th and E southwest. Miss J. C. Grant. 1448 Pierce place northwest; Bell. 1st. between B and C southwest. Miss L. F. Dyson, 101 7th southeast: Giddings, G. between 3d and 4th southeast. Miss L. A. Smith. 903 U northwest; Lincoln, 2d and C southeast. Miss M. P. Shadd. 21 10 14th northwest; Lovejoy, 12th and D northeast. Miss M. A. Wheeler. L. between 16th and 17th northwest Payne. 15th and C southeast. Miss M. L. Jordan. 312 y\ southwest; Randall. 1st and T streets southwest. Mrs. M. E. Tucker. 413 B
:

southeast.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

161

County.
northwestBrightwood, Military road, Mr. A. O. Stafford, 1223 Marshall, between Brightwood and Sherman avenues northR. Beckley, 2516 Brightwood avenue northwest; Fort west, Mr. Slocum. Fort Slocum, Mr. R. L. Mitchell. 2213 7th northwest; Grant Road. Grant road, near Connecticut avenue extended, Mrs. L. I. Hawkesworth, 31*) Spruce northwest: Ivy City. Ivy City. Miss L. K. Waring, 518 T st. northwest; Little Falls Road, Little Falls road. Mott, Oth and Trum>t 1i northwest; Mi H. \V. Freeman, [r., i_>jj bull northwest, Mr. \V. B. Evans, [926 r2th northwest: Wilson. Central avenue. -..'tween Erie and Superior northwest. Mr. F. L. Cardozo, V northwest: Benning Road, near Benning, Mr. J. E. Syfr., 1341 phax, [63] L northwest; Birney and Hillsdale. Howard avenue, Hillsdale. Miss F. 1. Smith, [524 Pierce place northwest: Burrville, Burrville. Mr. H. \V. Lewis. 1115 Q northeast: Garfield. Garfield, Mr. F. I. Cardozo, 318 3d southwest.
Bruce,
1'..
i

The Colored
Adapted from
a

ion School.

pap;r prepared by Prof. K. H. Terrell.

i

of Washington is one of the largest, schools for giving secondary education to colored boys and equipped Its highest enrollment for the academic girls in the United States.

The Colored High School

year 1900 was J^J.

Jt^

Of this number 206 are hoys and 531 are girls. curriculum embraces four courses of stud}' the academic, scienCandidates for admission must have tific, technical and business. completed the eighth grade. Those coming from other places shall Regular course, four years: business pass an equivalent examination.

course,

two

years.

history of this school is an interesting one. It began its existence in the fall of 1870 in the basement of the 15th Street PresbyIt has grown steadily from that time terian church with one teacher. and has held its sessions at different periods in Stevens. Summer and Miner school buildings. Tt now has its habitat in the magnificent building of twenty-eight rooms on M street, between 1st and New Jersey avenue northwest, especially erected for its use in iS<j_\

The

The teaching

force of this school

is

an exceptionally strong

oik-.

In addition to the regular

body of

thirty teachers there are about a

dozen special teachers who come in touch with the work of the school drawing, physic d culture, mus't, cooking and manual training. Here follows the list of teachers and their educational equipment: R. H. Terrell, principal, A. B. at Harvard Univ. Cambridge. Ma>s. LL. M., Howard Univ.; A. M. (honorary) Howard.
in

62

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

Miss L. F. Barney, Philadelphia Institute. Normal school. Miss A. J. Cooper, M. A., Oberlin. Miss C. E. Parke, public schools, D. C. P. N. Bailey, A. B., Harvard. Miss H. E. Riggs, High school. Calais, Me. James Storum, A. M.. Oberlin. Miss M. E. Nalle. public schools, Troy, N. Y.. and Wash., D. C. H. L. Bailey, A. B. Harvard,: M. D., Howard. Miss J. E. batcher, B. L., Cornell. W. T. L. Jackson, M. A., Amherst; SS. B., Catholic Univ. W. B. Hayson, A. B., Oberlin. D. B. Thompson, public schools. D. C. Spenc. Bus. College. Catholic Univ. J. L. Love, A. M., Oberlin; LL. M.. U. S. G. Bassett. A. B.. Yale. Miss I. A. Gibbs, A. M., Oberlin, Ohio, College. Miss E. A. Harper, Ph. B., University of Michigan. N. E. Weatherless, A. B. LL. M., Howard. Miss C. E. Hunter, N. S., D. C. Dresden, Saxony; Paris, France. L. G. Fletcher, rmblic schools. D. C. LL. M. Howard; Spenc. B. C. E, M. Gregory. A. B., Harvard.; LL. B., Columbia Univ.
; ;
;

P. D. Brooks, public schools. D. C.

Bliss School of Electricity.

M. Thomas, public schools, Philadelphia. Pa., and Washington, D. C. Academv. Trumansburg, X. J.; special student Catholic Univ.:
E.

Chicago Univ.
J.

Medical Dept,

Howard
;

University.

F. Allen, public schools, D. C.

Howard.
;

A. Joiner, B. S. Wilberforce Univ.; LL. M., Howard. A. C. Newman, public schools, D. C. Howard University. Miss M. Kirkland, public schools, D. C. special course Columbia. Harvard University, Summer School. Miss O. Cromwell, A. B. Smith College. schools. 1). C. Howard: Wilberforce Univ. J. C. Wright, public Miss N. F. Brown, A. B., Cornell Univ.
;

W.

Maj. Arthur Brooks, military instructor Miss H. Special Teachers E. Gibbs, assistant director of music Prof. J. T. Layton, teacher of music Prof. T. W. Hunster, assistant director of drawing. Assistants S. D. Milton, W. S. Wormley, William Nixon, Miss Alexine Montague, Samuel Dodson. Teachers of physical culture, Miss Anita
;

Turner, Louise Smallwood. The course of study is the same as that of the white High school.

The physical, chemical and biological laboratories are large and well equipped in every particular. One of the prominent features of the

UNION LEAGUE
school

DIRECTORY.

163

is the High School battalion under the instruction of Major Arthur Brooks, the commanding officer of the 1st Separate Battalion of the District of Columbia National Guard. The boys arc uniformed and are rigorously trained from September until the last of May, when they celebrate the close of the year by a competitive drill for a beautiful medal purchased by the colored teachers. Thse battalion is composed of three companies: Major \V. I'. Ray; captain Company "A." Donnelly Hawkesworth company "B," Clayton Bannister; company "C." Robert Mattingly. Other organizations of the school are: The High Schol orchestra. Mr. A. C. Newman leader; the Miner Literary Debating Society, president, Frederick Morton: the High School Athletic Association, president. Rutherford Berryman; the High School Journal, editor-in-chief. Frederick Morton.
:

It

is

largely

owing

to the efforts of a colored

woman, Mrs. Anna

Murray, wife of Mr. Daniel Murray, that the Kindergarten system has been introduced into the Public School System of Washington. Mrs. Murray was among the first in this city to see the value of that system of teaching and persisted in putting her views before officials and legislators, until an item was inserted in an appropriation bill providing for Kindergarten apparatus and teachers.

HOWARD UNIVERSITY
the capstone of the educational system for the colored people, not Established 1867 only of Washington, but of the entire country. by General O. O. Howard, U. S. A. President,' J. E. Rankin, D. D., LL. D.; Secretary-Treasurer, Geo. H. SafFord Number of students
is
;

in

899- 1 900, 810.

Departments.

The Theological Department aims to impart a thorough knowledge of the Word of God, with instruction in Biblical and Dogmatic Theology, Church History, Homiletics and Pastoral Theology. The Medical Department gives a complete and thorough course in Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy. There is also a Post-graduate Course for the convenience of those who are engaged during the day. Lectures are given chiefly between 5:30 and 9:30 p. m. The Law Department offers a two years course of professional study, besides a Post-graduate Course. Lectures are given in the
1

evening. The College Department embraces a thorough course of humanitarian studies, covering four years. The Department of Pedagogy is the professional school of the

164

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

University for the study of Educational Science and the training of teachers. It offers a two years' course in the history, philosophy, science and practice of educators also a Post-graduate Course in
;

philosophy and pedagogy, leading to diploma and degree. Lectures for teachers are given evenings and on Saturday mornings. The Preparatory Department embraces a four years course preparatory to College.
1

four years.

a good practical course of Fundamental English Course, Elementary Business Course, including shorthand and typewriting, freehand and me-

The English Department embraces

chanical drawing.

The

Industrial

Department gives instruction

in

Carpentry, Print-

Sewing. Special emphasis is given to the training of the hand and the eye in the habits of accuracy.
ing, Tinning,

Admission:

The

institution offers its advantages without regard to creed, race

it is

or sex, but

not intended for beginners.

Applicants are rejected

in all the departments

when they have

not prevsously pursued the

studies required.
Institutions.

The requirements are higher than m most Southern

Tuition:
Tuition
is

free in all

departments except the Medic

Howard has the

literary societies

usual quota of college societies.

Department. There are two

1!

and a young ladies' " Culture Club; v the President's Glee Club and Choir, a Christian Endeavor Society, Y. M. C. A., an Athletic Association, foot ball, base ball, etc., and a basket ball team for young ladies. King Hall is an Episcopalian Theological School, 6th street, above Howard street and near Howard University. Rev. Win. V. Tunnell, Warden.

THE LAW DEPARTMENT, HOWARD UNIVERSITY.

The Law Department was among the first Departments established in Howard University. The first class to graduate was in 1871, and contained several men.who afterwards achieved distinction. The Dean at that time was the late Prof. John M. Langston. The Law Department occupies its own building, most of the

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.
money
for

65

which was received

friends of the race

from kind

upon the solicitations of Prof W. H. H. Hart. Prof. Hart was also largely instrumental
apan annual getting appropriation from Congress of
in

$1 000, and
for
its

$1,000 for books

Library. Lectures,
etc.,

Law

"Moot Courts,"
in

are

held

the evening, affording an oportunity for persons otherwise employed to take the
course.
Its

advantages

are

open

to

all

who

are

over

eighteen years of age and who possess the proper qualifications.

There
is

is

a full corps of

professors and lecturers.

The
Tui-

course
to

for three years.

tion free.

'

School year October James F. Bundy, June 1, Secretary, 420 5th street, northBenjamin F. Leighton, west
1.
;

Dean.

LAW BUILDING.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, HOWARD UNIVERSITY.

The Medical Department outcome of the movement
versity
itself.

of

Dr. Silas

L.
its

Howard University was a necessary in 1867, to establish the Howard UniLoomis, Dr. Hiram Barber and Rev.

pioneers, and Dr. Loomis was the first Dean. From the outset the Freedmen's Hospital was associated with the Medical School, and continues to be so, to their mutual advantage. The first session opened November 5, 1868, and March 1, 1869. The first graduate was in Pharmacy, Dr. closed

Dr. D. B. Nichols were

James T. Wormley.

66

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY-

of students in i868-'9, was 8; in 1899-1900, 187, with About 15 per cent of the students have had literary graduates. 37 or scientific degrees 727 diplomas have been granted in medicine, Some students have taken more than one dentistry and pharmacy.

The number

degree, so that the total

number

of graduates

is

685, or 56 per cent

These graduates are scattered throughout the country, of students. and are everywhere the leaders of their race. No force has been

more powerful
of

in

the

race-uplift than
its

Howard

University, in

Medical,

the Medical Department Dental and Pharmaceutic

Colleges.

Tuition fee in Medical and Dental Colleges, each, $80; Pharmaceutic College, $70.

Sessions begin October

1,

and end about May

10.

All students must register before October 12. For Catalogue or further information apply to F. J. Shadd, Secretary, 901 R street, northwest, vVashington, D. C.

M. D.,

For a full history and record of Howard University, especially the Medical Department, see " Howard University Medical Department, edited by Dr. Daniel S. Lamb, from which much of the This work is handsomely data about Howard. University is taken. illustrated with a large number of half-tone portraits and should be on the table of everyone interested in Howard University.
1 '

FREEDMEN'S HOSPITAL.
This is one of the most important institutions to the colored race in this countrv, and its preservation should' be watchfully cared for. It had its origin in the necessity for taking care of the sick and ao-ed colored refugees who flocked to Washington during and after the war. In " The Howard University Medical Department," recently published, Dr. Purvis, who was assistant surgeon from 1868 to 1881, and surgeon in charge from 1881 to 1894, gives a very full account of the origin of Freedmen's Hospital. The number of in-patients treated during the last year was 2,542, and of out-patients, 6,202. The percentage of deaths was only Forty per cent of the patients are in a dying con6.37, a decrease. If these are excluded the ratio would be ninetydition on entering. six per cent, of recoveries. The surgical work of the hospital is very heavy, with a very high percentage of successful recoveries, evidencing a high standard of professional skill. Perhaps its greatest o-ood to the colored race does not come from the advantages of a hospital for patients, great as that is, but is to be found in the fact that it affords a field for the training and development of the colored

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

167

A large percentage of the many successphysician and surgeon. ful colored physicians of the country are graduates of Howard, and got their practical experience in the wards of Freedmen's Hospital.
The number of employees is about 100, and the amount expended annually about $55,000, every cent of which is accounted for. The handling of so large a sum and the successful management
of so important a public institution, being, as it is, national in character, is no small tribute to the capacity of educated men of the colored race. Suygeon in charge, Dr. A. M. Curtis; Assist. Surgeon, Dr. W. A. Warfield; .Superintendent of Nurses, Mrs. Sara I. Fleetwood. Dr. John R. Francis is obstetrician. The work in this branch of the hospital work is among the largest and most varied in the conntrv.

DR. A. M. CURTIS,
Surgeon-in-Chief, Freedmen's Hospital, is one of the most prominent surgeons in the country. He was born at Raleigh, N. C, in 1866; graduated A. B., 1888 and A. M., 1891, from Lincoln University, and M. D M i8o,i,from the Chicago Medical College. He served one year as interne, and two years as attending obstetrician and

t68

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

surgeon at Provident Hospital, Chicago. He next served one year on the active staff of the Cook County Hospital, being the first
colored

man

to

serve

in that position.

He was

active in hospital

Chicago until he was appointed, April I, 1898, to his present position, which he has filled with marked ability and skill. At Freedmen's a large field for. the exercise of his great surgical skill has opened up. Among the many difficult operations which he has successfully performed, may be mentioned the following Extraction of particles of bone driven into the brain by a blow; trepanning skull; removal of stone from bladder of five-year old child; abdominal section for extra-uterine gestation, (specimen in Army and Navy Medical Museum); Caesarean Section on a dwarf fifty He has also successfully performed inches tall, second operation. a large number of laperotomy cases, averaging as many as five a month. Dr. Curtis has made a record of which the Colored Race is justly proud, as few men of any race accomplish so much at his time of life. He has been since 1898 professor of abdominal surgery in the Medical Department of Howard University.
in
:

work

PROF.
The
personal

GEORGE WILLIAM COOK.

Wm.
Cook has been
so
it

career of George

characterized

success and helpfulness to others that

of "

by seems eminently

proper that he should have been appointed by President McKinley a

The Board of Charities of the District of Columbia." Not only his own early struggles, but his intelligent and practical interest in his fellows serve to render him worthy of the honor and equal to the task which this position gives. Prof. Cook is a member of the Class of '8i, Howard University, as well as an alumus of her Law School and a member of the District Bar. As a Professor in his Alma Mater, he has been for many years a "Tower of

member

tion

Strength" to his pupils, instilling, by precept and example, aspiraand ambition which have proved of inestimable value to the

race.

an " Educator," Prof. Cook is also a man of business, always liberal and open-handed, he is notwithstanding a

While

essentially

clever financier.

It is his positive

conviction that "

The

acquisition

of

money and property

will prove a powerful lever in the elevation

of any oppressed or undeveloped people."

His sympathies are with

UNION
" the

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.
life is

169

people," and no act of his

1

referred to

by himself with

so

much
'

u pride as his scheme which originated

The Law and Order

League,

movement which proved most effective in its influence upon a large class of boys who are idle or criminal for need of proper influence. Prof. Cook is making a careful study of the
a
is

Charities Problem, and with his enthusiasm and experience,

sure

PROF. GEO. WM. COOK.

to

make one

of the most useful

is

and expert members of the hon-

orable body of which he

a part.

of Charities is composed of five members, of which Cook is the only colored member. The Board is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and has general supervision over all the Charitable and Reformatory Institutions of the District, receiving appropriations from Congress.

The Board

Prof. Geo.

Wm,

The Board
John

F. Cook,

of Children's Guardians has one colored member, who is also the Vice President of the board.

Hon.

170

UNION

LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

POPULATION, HOMES AND REAL ESTATE.

In 1800 the percentage of the colored population of the District of Columbia, was 28.57; in 1810, 33.07 in 1820, 31.55 1830 30.81 ; 1840, 29.87; 1850, 26.59; i860, 19.07; 1870, 32.96; 1880, 33.55^
; ;

1890, 32.80.
total, 4,027.

1800 the free colored people numbered 783, the slave 3,244, In 1900 the total colored population is not far from 88,000, and there is no reason to suppose that the ratio will vary materially from 1895 when it was 32.8. At the beginning of the century the colored population was 28.57 at its close it is around 32 per cent., a gain of about 3.5 per cent, during the century.
In;

HOMES.
Next to their efforts to improve their condition in morals and education, the colored people of Washington have made the most progress in the acquisition of homes, lands and houses. According to the census of 1890, 25.5 per cent, of all the families in Washington owned their homes, while 15 per cent, of all the colored families, and 30 per cent of all the white families owned, (a) The number of colored families in the District of Columbia owning in 1890, was 2,132. There is no doubt that this number has been considerably increased since 1890. No separate record is kept in the Assessor's office of the ownership of real estate by colored people in the District, but a careful estimate has been made by persons most competent to make such estimates, and the value of property of the colored people is placed, conservatively, at $15,000,Many of these homes are the centres of refinement and 000 culture no less than six of them are valued above $10,000, each and at least two-thirds above $3,000 each. Those families who own their homes constitute only a fraction of the colored families of Washington who have good homes, surrounded by many of the evidences of comfort in modern home life, books, pictures, newsOne of the decided points of progpapers, magazines, pianos, etc. ress made by the colored people of Washington is to be seen in
;

their

home

life.

In 1870 the percentage of illiterary of the colored population in In the District it was 48.38. In 1890 it the United States was 70. had fallen in the country as a whole to 56.76, and in the D. C. to 35.04 per cent, the lowest of any District in the country of equal Our public schools do their work so well that even this population. favorable showing would be more so, if it were not for the fact that there is a constant stream of illiterary pouring into Washington from adjoining States.
a.

Eleventh Census Report on Farms and Homes, page 566

et seq.

UNION LEAGUE

DIRECTORY.

171

INDEX To
The

Persons and Organizations.

Business Directory

is

arranged Alphabetically according

to Class of Businesss.

Name.

Page.
89 29 156 33
81

Name.
Cabaniss, Dr. Geo. Cabaniss, Mrs. M. J Campbell, Geo. N Campbell, Dr. T. A Capital Savings Bank Cardozo, Dr. Geo. H
Carter,

Page.

Acme

Printing Co

76,81
43

Adams, Wesley Afro American Council

Aguilar, Y Allen, Dr. E. H Alexander, Mrs. Rosa Alston. James F
'

99 39 16, 17, 115

42. 17. 77

43

American Negro Academy

Amphion Glee Club

Art Display Sign Co
Bailey, Dr. H. Bailey, L. C

117 148 153

15

Samuel

Catholic Ben. Societies

81

20,95
30 59 116 97, 98 47 116,121 50 75 149 99 52 41 17 58 147 15 13 41,56 81 33,35 17 67 39
.

Baker, Henry E Baker, Scipio L

Cemeteries Chaney. C. A Charity Organizations Chase, Daniel Chase, Thomas Chase, W. Calvin

W W
W

52 119 136 50 136 94 59

59,70
.

Banneker Relief Ass'n

Barnes, Jesse Bell, Ida V
Beneficial Org's, non-secret
. .

Berry & Ferguson Berryman, J. T

Bethel Lit. & H. Ass'n Better, Geo. C. H Blagburn, W. O Bland, James Bon, David Booker. A.

'.

Childrens' Temporary Home 137 Childs, Dr. C. 81 Christian, J. B y9 Churches and Religious Org's. 140, 147 Clarke, Mrs. L. R 43 Clayton, Jas. G., M. D 13 Clinkscales, Marion T 51
.

Clubs

l-t,

Coachmen's U. & A. Ass'n Cole, Dr. Arthur B

Collins, Dr. A.

117 81 81
71
6

Colored American Colored Mechanics and Business

Book Lovers Branch, Miss Hattie

Brown, J. B Brown, Frances Brown, Dr. Robert Brown, Wm. Knox
Bruce,

Men before the Civil War Colored Woman's League Congressional Lyceum Conner, Dr. Wm. H Conway, Ewell L
Cook, Cook, Cook. Cook,
Geo.

155 149 81 66
168
6-111

W.

Budd, T.

H A
S.

Wm
T

Buckman,
Bundy,

Jas.

A F

Jno. F Geo. F.

49,59,62,71
SI

Miss Susan

112 137
70 47 143 33

Bush, Dr. W.J Business data, tabulated Business Directory Business Enterprise, S. Business Organizations
Burrs,

Cooper, Cooper,

Edward E

103 110 13-102 110 11 50

Cosmos Club Cowan, Sarah Cromwell, John Wesley

Curtis, Dr. A.

68
87, 167

172
Name.
Dabney, Charles Dabney, James H

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

Page.
99 55, 96 38 69 -> 94
7J.77

Name.
Grant, Mrs. P. J Gray, Arthur S

Page.
33 94
31,41,57 17 56,69 65,51 93

Daniels, Prof. R. J Dickson, P. A Dickerson, Wm. & Son Dixon, John Directory of Organizations Dorsey, Misses Dorsey, Joseph Douglas, F. A Douglass Life Ins. Co Douglass, Fortune & Co Douglass, Lewis H, Douglass, Joseph A Douglas, R. C Dowling, Dr. James C

Gray & Bro

Gray, W. P Green, Mrs. Annie Green, Frederick Green, J. R Griffin, Mrs. O. P

Ill 94
b5,67

94 58 102
71,91 69

Grymes, W. W. & Son Gwathney, Dr. A. J

48 31
36,39

Haithman,

Hall, Alice E Hall, Dr. Julia

Dunbar, Paul Laurence D-iorak Musical Ass'n Dyson, Martina

Edelin, Chas Edelin, John

47 81 15 154 99 52 50,101 52
11 7

Hamer, Chas.

R A
T

Hamilton, Charles Hamilton. Dr. Richard Hamilton, Dr. Wm. E

Hammond,

Edwards & Hunter

Elder Men's Im. Relief
Elkins, Jerome B Ellis, Geo. W., Analysis
.

R. E Harris, Geo. Harris. Harry J Harris, Dr. Leroy H Harmony Burial Ground ier, Thos. F Hart. W. H. H

50 56 87 77 69 83 39 46,53 41 41
42,45,77

136 89
61,140 i39,140 83 59,61 53,57,101

104-109

Hart Farm School

Epperson, Helen

94
13

Eureka Employment Exchange.. Evergreen Grocery Co

Field's Oyster

ins, Dr. H. Hewlett, E. Molyneaux Hicks. W. H High School, Colored

161
41 53,69 17

Bay

7.

Fillmore, E Fisher, Chas First Colored Clerk in Dentist

55
41

Hodges, Lucy Hoffman. Elzie S

Holland,
J.

Albert

Wash
41

Ill

32 60 74 61
58,91

Drn

rerist

Holmes, Edward T Homes an ^ H i^e Owners Homes, Charity

lions of Israel

51 170 137,138

Lawyer
Physician
Fitzgerald & Fitzgerald Fletcher, L. G. Sr Foote. John Francis, Dr. John

Household of Ruth

123 132
113. 163, 166

Howard University
Hughes, Dr. Wm. Hunter, C. B

52
78,81,86,92

Hyman, Mrs.
James, T.

J.

83 54,64 35,99
11,17,27

Freedmens Hospital
Frederick Douglass R. Ass'n.... 14, 15, Freeman, Daniel
Frisby, Perri \V Fry, Dr. C. Clifford

166 117
23, 79

Industrial Bld'g Ass'n

Jarvis, Jefferson & Elkins Jefferson, Lafayette Jefferson, Lewis

61

A W. D

77
67,75 23.35 51,64,65,66 35,51,110 15,79 25 89 33 50 89

39 81 47 52 51,65 52 50,101 83 123

Gaines, Dr. R.
Gales,

W. B Gaskins, James

H
H

Gibbs, M. F Gilliam, R. Goines, Charles P Goines, Dr. Wm.

Good Samaritans
G. A. R. Societies

154

Jerome, O'Hagan C Johnson, Augustus Johnson, Chas. E Johnson, Miss Eliza Johnson, J. B Johnson, J. Bishop Johnson, J. E Johnson, Dr. J. H

94 83

UNION LEAGUE
Name. Johnson, James
Page.
J
57,75 44,49,55 17

DIRECTORY.
Name.
Murray, Geo. Musical Organizations
Nat. Ben. Association

173
Page.

47

Johnson. William A Jones. Carter L Jones, Mrs. Dolly C

Jones, Emmetl C Jones, Thomas L Jones, Wallace

153
58 148 17
68,72

56
91

Negro Academy
Nelson, R.

61

41 52 163 61

Keating, C.

Kindergarten. King. L. Melendez Knights of Pythias

Lacy, Samuel B Ladies' Mutual Relief Ladies Unity Society Laing. John Edward

Newspapers Newsome, John T. C Nickens, William Norwood, Dr. J. C

15 53 83

124
71

Odd Fellow Lyceum

Odd Fellow Society
Onley, Dr. D. Organizations-Directory Outlaw, Dr. John S Over, Dr. Walter S

117

US
41
9

149 132 39 114 83

32,39

Lake View Park

Lane, Dr. D. A Lee. Mrs. Elizabeth Lee. William H Lee, Wm. H
Lewis.

Parker, Nelson
53 44.51

& Son

Patterson, John Patriotic Societies

73 61

154
95 53

Lewis & Barnum

Lewis. J. Henry Literary Societies Lofton, Dr. Wm. S Lyceum 2nd Bap Church

25,56,89,92 53 48 153,154

148-150
32,37

Payne, R. A Payne. W. C Payne's Cemetery Paynter, John H Peebles. Carrie A Pendleton, Robert
Perry, Alonzo

136
15 43 90,91 77
49,61

149
95 29 29,37 83 53,57 50 17,38,41,89 61,132

Madden, Jesse J Manning, Joseph Manning, Thos

Marshall, Dr. Chas. Marshall, Chas. L Marshall, W. H Martin, Geo. Martin, Wm. C

Peyton, Fountain Peyton, Leonard Philanthropic Societies

Masonic Societies
Mcintosh, Albert McCary, Douglass B McKinlay, Whitefield Medical Societies Meriweather, James H Meyers, Wm. H Military Organizations Minor. Thomas H Miscellaneous Efforts Mischeaux, Dr. P. J
Mitchell. Dr. Moore, G. B

124,130
29 24,26,71 71,88,91

51 138,155 23 Phillips, Lewis 73 Pickett, Geo 47 Plummer, R. F 61 Pollard, Wm. L 170 Population 83 Price, W. K., M. D Public Positions of Responsibility 111 113,159-163 Public Schools
Pulies, Mrs. L.

71
69 85 58 29 79 118 43 65 67

151 31
37

Record Publishing Co
Richardson, Geo. H., M. Robinson, G. Robinson, Geo. R Robinson, H. G Robinson, Mrs. Sarah Ross, Henrietta Ross, Virginia

150
59

John

157 83
83
25,41

Morgan. Geo. Moore, Robert Moore. Zeph P Moss, John A Murray. Mrs. Anna Murray, Daniel Murray, E

Russell, E.
Sales,

97 17
58,73 61 163 15,18 31,41,57

Samuel, Wm. M Sanders, J. M

Savles, Henry Schools, Efforts for

Henry

33 23 3?

Education.

Second Bap. Lyceum

11 157 149

174
Name.

UNION LEAGUE DIRECTORY.

Page.

Name.
Tignor, Dr. William L Toland. P. S Trades-Union Organizations Treble Clef True Reformers, U. 0. of Turner, Howard H

Page.
85 94
.

Scott, B. D., Md Sott, Dr. W. Scott, Thos. E Scott, Joseph E Secret Ben. Socieites

Sewall, Alexander Sewell, Dr. C. A Shadd, Dr. F. J

Sims, Frederick
Singleton, Ralph Slade, Bros Slade, Bennett Smith, A. E

Smith Bros Smith, Dr. Hamilton S Smith, Helen C Smith, John W. F Smith, Reuben S
Smith, W.

Social, Civil

Sons and

Stewart, Joseph H Stewart, W. A St. Thomas Lodge, G. S Sullivan, Mrs. L

Ass'n of Liberty
S.

&

85 85 73 27 121,136 69 85 82,85 63,94 55 23 48,94 43 89 39 43 73 63 47 156 13 4 63 29,37,116

12<j

157 154 134 75

53

Twyman, Smith
United Aid Relief, No.
1

119

Union League
Walker, Al
AValker. Thos Ward, Sam'l. A Warfleld, Dr. W. Waring, Dr. Alice

156
23,25.26

59 85 85

139
23 63
71

Warren, Houston
Warrick, Thos. B Washington Bee Washington, Benj Washington. C Watts & Bro ^. n ^^.. Watts, Dr. Sami Roger
. . .

153
-

Webb, Dr. Frank J

West. Dr. Chas. 1 West. J. H West L. Stewart White, J. A Wilder, Dr. J. R Williams, Dr. G. D Williams, Wash
Williston, Dr. E. Wills, John

51, 6o

Swann & Wilkins Sydnor & Vincent

Sykes, William

86.88 53,57,101

41 101 85 85 85 97
40,43,95

94
85 43 63 124,130

75
84,85

Tancil, Dr. A. Tancil, Mrs. M. A Taplet, John Terrell. Robert Thomas. Dr. Carrie Taylor, Thomas Thompson, R.

85 77 87 25
97,100 57 39

Winslow,

Jas.

H
C.
I

17 53
23

Woodson House
Wormley, Dr.

Sumner

Thornton, John Tignor, E

39

Young Men's

Relief

119

La Honesta Cigars
We
that

take pleasure in announcing to the Trade

we

are prepared to furnish the following

line of Cigars, all

hand made

THE

FRED. DOUGLASS,

healthy Five Cent Cigar, which

a

is

bound

to

become

general

favorite

throughout

the

United States.

FORTUNE'S FAVORITE,
Havana Ten Cent Cigar which upon its own dignity anywhere.
all

An

will stand

THE

B. K.

BRUCE,
Havana
Fifteen Cent Cigar which has
its

An

all

no superior of

kind in the Trade.

EL ECO.

BONITO.

EL ROYALO.

Orders invited by Mail or Telegram.

Douglas, Fortune
4 Cedar
Street,

ft

Co.,

NEW

YORK.

Announcement

Extraordi nary,

Douglass B.
609

McCary,

F
IS

Street,

Northwest,

AGENT FOR THE

Potomac Fire Insurance

COMPANY
Capital Stock, $200,000.00.

Surplus,

$250,898.87.

Real aund Personal Property

Insured

Against

Fire*

Losses Promptly Paid.

Chartered

By
2,

Congress,
1S31,
:

March

OFFICERS
John Taylor Arms, W. Riley Deeble, George W. Brown, E. N. Waters,
A. K. Phillips,

President.

Vice President. 2nd Vice President.

Secretary.
Asst. Secretary.

DIRECTORS
Walter H. Acker, John Taylor ArmeS, George W. Brown, H. Bradley Davidson,

John Joy Edson,

Jesse L. Heiskell,

Walter Hieston,
Clarence B. Rheem, Louis P. Shoemaker, Jesse H. Wilson.

W.

Riley Deeble, G. Thomas Dunlop,