n NGHIN CU CHUYN

Tn ti: VT LIU GCH BNG TRONG KHNG GIAN NI THT HIN I

SVTH: NGUYN HONG HUY MSSV: 0858020926 LP: NT08 GVHD: C PHM TH NGN

Mc lc:
A. t vn 1. L do chn ti 2. ngha ca vic nghin cu 3. Mc tiu nghin cu 4. Phng php nghin cu 5. Gii hn ti 5.1 i tng nghin cu: 5.2 Phm vi thi gian, khng gian nghin cu v ng dng B. Gii quyt vn Chng 1: Tng quan v Gch Bng Lch s gch bng 1.1. Lch s gch bng cc nc phng Ty 1.2. Lch s gch bng Vit Nam Chng 2: Tnh cht v c im ca vt liu gch bng 2.1. c im 2.2. Tnh cht 2.3. Phn loi 2.3.1. Theo hnh dng, kch thc 2.3.2. Theo cng nng 2.3.3. Theo ha tit 2.4. Quy trnh sn xut Chng 3. ng dng ca vt liu gch bng trong cc cng trnh ni tht 3.1. Trong ni tht 3.1.1. Cng trnh nh 3.1.1.1. Phng khch 3.1.1.2. Phng n 3.1.1.3. Bp 3.1.1.4. Phng ng 3.1.1.5. Phng tm 3.1.2. Cng trnh thng mi 3.1.3. Trang thit b 3.2. ngoi tht 3.3. Cc cch sp xp 3.4. Kt hp vt liu 3.5. Kt hp ha tit 3.6. Nhn nh v xut nhng gii php mi C. Phn kt lun Ti liu tham kho

1. L do chn ti:
- Gi tr t truyn thng ca thng nm lch s qua nhiu th h ngi Vit. - Gi tr t vn ha ni nt thanh lch ca phng Ty v s huyn b ca phng ng c hi t. - Gi tr t cm hng kin trc khi v p c in qu phi ha quyn vi phong cch n tng hin i. - Gi tr bn vng. - Lm c s nghin cu cho n tt nghip. Quyt nh s 567 ca Th Tng chnh ph k ngy 28 thng 04 nm 2010 v vic ph duyt Chng trnh pht trin vt liu khng nung n nm 2020. - Pht trin sn xut v s dng vt liu xy khng nung thay th gch t st nung, tit kim t nng nghip, gp phn bo m an ninh lng thc quc gia, gim thiu kh pht thi gy hiu ng nh knh v nhim mi trng, gim chi ph x l ph thi ca cc ngnh cng nghip, tit kim nhin liu than, em li hiu qu kinh t chung cho ton x hi. - Gch xi mng ct liu: t l gch xi mng ct liu trn tng s vt liu xy khng nung khong 74% vo nm 2015 v 70% vo nm 2020

2. ngha ca vic nghin cu

- Bo tn, gi gn, pht huy gi tr thc th ca vt liu gch bng - Gp phn tm hiu tc dng ca gch bng cho cc mc ch khc nhau. - Tng thm ngun ti liu cho cc i tng nghin cu khc.

3. Mc tiu nghin cu
- Bit cch ng dng linh hot vt liu gch bng trong tng khng gian ca nh hin i - Tm kim, tng hp, h thng nhng nguyn l thit k, gii php thm m v k thut trong khng gian ni tht mang tnh hin i. - Phc v cng tc thit k, to hnh, trang tr theo xu hng ca thi i mi.

4. Phng php nghin cu

- S dng cc phng php nh quan st, tham d, nghin cu thc t; phng php hi kin cc chuy gia, cc kin trc s. - S dng phng php thu thp s liu trn sch, bo, internetiu tra x hi hc, lp bng hi. - Phng php kt hp nhiu chuyn ngnh khc nhau nghin cu nh vn ha,x hi v lch s hc, ... v cc hin tng vn ha lun a dng, phong ph v bao trm ln tt c cc mt ca i sng x hi.

5. Gii hn ti 5.1 i tng nghin cu: - Vt liu gch bng 5.2 Phm vi thi gian, khng gian nghin cu v ng dng
- Loi hnh cng trnh nghin cu : nh , mt s cng trnh cng cng khc. - Loi hnh cng trnh ni tht ng dng : cn h chung c. - Nghin cu n chi tit sn phm, cc hoa vn v cu to ca gch bng.

Chng 1: Tng quan v Gch Bng 1.Kht qut v vt liu gch bng
- Nhng nm 1920, gch bng c coi nh l vt liu sn cc k cao cp c s dng trang tr trong cc cung in ca nhng ngi quyn qu, trong cc lu i, cc to nh ln ca thng nhn v trong cc to nh chnh ph Berlin. Sau gch bng c s dng rng ri nh l mt loi vt liu liu sn sng to v bn vng trn ton chu u, Php v cc nc thuc a ca ngi Ty Ban Nha v B o Nha. - C l khng bao gi c th to ra mt loi sn phm cng nghip ha no c th thay th c loi gch sn xut bng th cng ny. S a dng v mu sc ca sn phm cng nh b mt mm mi v p ca sn phm khi hon thnh l nhng c tnh khin cho gch bng tr thnh mt sn phm hon ton khc bit v c o. - Do quy trnh sn xut khng i hi phi s dng nhin liu nn gch bng c sn xut nhng vng su, vng xa v vng nng thn. Bnh d v n gin l th nhng vi s a dng v mu sc, thm vo l nhng hoa vn mm mi v p rc r, gch bng tr thnh mt sn phm hon ton khc bit v c o.

B.Gii quyt vn 2.1. Lch s gch bng cc nc phng Ty

Khong nm 1850, vng Viviers, ni quy t nhng nh my xi-mng u tin ca Php, cc k s nghin cu v cho ra i mt sn phm c lm t chnh ngun ximng ni ting ti y: gch lt nn c trang tr hoa vn tuyt p. Loi gch cc bn v giu tnh thm m ny c lm hon ton bng th cng vi s h tr ca nhng chic my p vn hnh bng hi nc khi y cng va c pht minh cha lu ti chu u. Gch bng nhanh chng c ngi tiu dng bit n v khng lu sau , hng lot cc cng xng sn xut loi gch bng mc ln khp ni trn t Php, t nhng trung tm kinh t nh Paris, Lyon cho n thnh ph cng Marseilles Nhng ghi chp lu i v gch bng cn dn chng mt s d liu cho rng, cng vo khong thp nin 60 ca th k XIX, gch bng ln u tin xut hin Barcelona v n nm 1886, ngi Ty Ban Nha du nhp loi gch ny khp chu M latinh, theo bc chn nhng on qun vin chinh ca vng triu. Ngay c ngi n cng nh ngi Italia cng t ho v nhng sn phm gch bng tinh t mang thng hiu qu mnh, xut hin cng thi gian ny.

1.2. Lch s gch bng Vit Nam

Cui th k th 19, Sau khi c bn chinh phc c ton b lnh th ng Dng, ngi Php tin hnh mt cng cuc xy dng ln trn nhiu mt cc nc thuc a, trong c Vit Nam. H mang theo nhng k thut v tin b ca Phng Ty xy dng ln mt h thng c s h tng hin i . Mi giao lu v kin trc v vn ha gia hai nc Php v Vit Nam tr nn thng xuyn hn. Trong qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin, kin trc Vit Nam c du n r nt ca cc cng trnh kin trc Php, nh hng trong cc vn t chc khng gian, k thut vt liu xy dng v hnh thi biu hin. Vt liu gch bng c ngi Php mang theo trong thi gian khi sang Vit Nam.V vic sn xut gch bng khng i hi phi s dng nng lng nng nh l nung gch gm v gch s cho nn gch bng vn c th c sn xut nhng vng su, xa v vng nng thn. Tin cho vic sn xut i tr, phc v qu trnh xy dng c s h tng.

Chng 2: Tnh cht v c im ca vt liu gch bng 2.1. c im

- Gch bng c th c tm thy trong cc ngi nh c v cc cng trnh cng cng trn khp th gii. - Gch bng truyn thng c s dng trang tr trng ging nh nhng tm thm dt, thm thu hay trm khm. - Mt lu rt quan trong l khng c 2 vin gch bng no hon ton ging nhau . - C rt nhiu thut ng c s dng ch ci m chng ta gi l gch bng nh: gch ngh thut, gch liu nn xi mng cng trong nc, gch xi mngi khi n cng c gi l gch khm. - Italia, gch bng c gi l Cementine. Ti Php v B c gi n gin l Carrelages du ciment (gch xi mng).

- Gch bng l loi vt liu sn c cht lng rt tt, b mt sc nt, r rng, sng, c tui th cao cng nh rt thanh tao v nh nhn. - Vin gch bng c tui th, cao, chu ng c tt c cc iu kin thi tit. - Loi gch ny rt l thng cho cc khu vc c mt i li ln cng nh bt k khu vc no c ng ngi tp trung qua li. - V vic sn xut gch bng khng i hi phi s dng nng lng nng nh l nung gch gm v gch s, nn gch bng c gi l vt liu liu sn xanh, Thn thin vi mi trng.

2.2. Tnh cht

Gch xi mng l loi gch thc hin hon ton bng phng php th cng. Lp mu c chun b theo l v mi thnh phn c cn nhc m bo tnh thng nht v mu sc. Mu c pha trn trong mt my pha,m bo s ng nht ca hn hp mu. Sau , mu c pha trn vi nc v vo cc khun mu khc nhau. dy ca cc lp mu s lun lun l t 3 n 5 mm. Hai lp xi mng v ct c trn cc lp mu sc v sau c nhn bng cch s dng mt my p thu lc (p lc: 1.700 PSI). Sau vin gch c ngm trong nc t c s bo ha. iu ny m bo vic xi mng c hydrat ha hon ton. Gch c kh trong 10 ngy v sau c kim tra k xem c vt nt hoc rn.
Lp mu:
Xi mng trng Bt Ct Ct Silica Canxi carbonat Khong (st, coban v oxit crom) Canxi carbonat

- Cht liu s dng:

Lp nm:
Xi mng xm

- H s ma st trung bnh:

Nhm/ dry: 0.88 Nhm / wet: 0.92 Bng / dry: 0.83 Bng / wet: 0.68

2.3. Phn loi 2.3.1. Theo hnh dng, kch thc

Ta tm phn loi theo hnh dng thnh 4 loi sau y: -Hnh vung (squared) -Hnh ng gic (pentagonal) -Hnh lc gic (hexagonal) -Hnh bt gic (octagonal)

Ty tng khng gian ta s la chn kiu dng v kchthc sao cho ph hp nht. i vi khng gian nh ta tng s dng vic gch c kch thc ln hn mt cht. Nh th s to cm gic khng gian s dng s rng hn.
C mt s hnh dng c bit khc, sn xut theo n t hng ring cho khng gian c bit no .

2.3.2. Theo cng nng

Xt v cng nng th ta s phn ra lm hai loi c trng v tiu biu nht: -Gch lt b mt -Gch len chn tng Gch len chn tng thng c hnh ch nht ngang, dng to chuyn t mt ng sang mt ngang . N cn c cng dng to cm gic chc chn cho b mt tng.

2.3.3. Theo ha tit

Ha tit trn gch ph thuc vo vn ha,tp qun v np sng ca tng a phng khc nhau. Ha tit th hin r gu thm m v mu sc ca tng vng. Nhn vo hoa vn ta c th bit c trnh thm m ca tng vng Ta cphn loi theo ha tit thnh 9 loi khc nhau:

1.Floral 2.Traditional 3.Diagonal frame 4.Contemporary 5.Cubic 6.Modern 7.Boder 8.Antique 9.Relief

1.Floral: Ha tit ny ly tng cch iu t nhng bng hoa theo nhiu mu sc v hnh dng khc nhau. N c th l cnh hoa,i hoa hoc nhy hoa. Ha tit ny c s dng nhiu nht v tnh thng dng v mu sc ca hoa vn.

Traditional (truyn thng): ha tit theo vn ha ca t a phng. N mang m tnh vn ha ca tng vng m khc nhau.

nal frame (i gic)

Contemporary (ng i): ha tit mang tinh hin i, ph hp vi phong cch ni tht ngy nay.

Cubic (khi) : ng nh tn gi ca loi ny. Ha tit y l nhng mng hnh vung vc.

Modern (hin i): mang tnh ph cch nht nh, khng the khun kh t trc. Ha tit y c th ly tng t bt c iu g, nhng s n gin ti mc ti a

Boder (cnh gc): a s dng ny dng nhng ha tit dy leo, ng dim trang tr gc.

Antique (sao) : ha tit mang nhng gc nhni xng qua tm.

Relief: ly tng t l cy

2.4. Quy trnh sn xut

- Nhng ngi lm gch to ra mt ci khun chia lp gm 3 phn v thng l c hnh vung. Phn np hoa vn c dp ni v c ngn cch vi nhau t di y ca khun m.

Ngi sn xut s mu vo cc c chia ct trc v sau tip mt lp xi mng. nguyn vt liu to cht mu lng c pha trn t bt cm thch v xi mng trng mn cng vi cc cht mu t nhin.

Nhng lp nguyn liu c vo trong cc ngn ca khun s c dp bng my nn hi nc sau c d ra khi khun. Sau nhng vin gch c hnh nh nhng ci bnh ny s c xp ln gi v c ngm trong nc c c m cn thit cho cc phn ng ha hc trong. Sau gch c ly ra khi nc v phi kh, xp ln gi dng h cho gi trong mt thi gian gch t c cng ph hp trc khi vn chuyn. Kt qu cui cng l vin gch c dy khong 16mm v kh nng. trn b mt ca vin gch l hoa vn c thit k v di y ca vin gch l lp xi mng mu xm c tc dng lm cho vin gch cng v kho. Lp b mt ca vin gch dy khong 0.64mm to cho vin gch c tui th, cao, chu ng c tt c cc iu kin thi tit cngg nh mt i li nhiu.

Chng 3. ng dng ca vt liu gch bng trong cc cng trnh ni tht

3.1. Trong ni tht 3.1.1. Cng trnh nh :
Vt liu gch bng c s dng kh nhiu trong cng trnh nh , v tnh cht khng thmnc,chu c mi mn cao nn tui th ca vt liu ny rt cao. Gch bng s dng c trong tt c cc khng gian trong nh (k c phng v sinh). Ta s phn ra theo khng gian s dng: - Phng khch - Phng bp - Phng n - Phng ng - Phng v sinh

3.1.1.1. Phng khch

3.1.1.2. Phng n

3.1.1.3. Bp

3.1.1.4. Phng ng

3.1.1.5. Phng v sinh

V tnh cht chu c s mi mn cao,chng thm v bn theo theo thi gian nn c l v th gch bong c s dng kh nhiu trong khng gian ny. Gch bng c th c dng lt sn, lm b mt k t, trang tr tng v c i khi cn c th dn ln trn.

3.1.2. Cng trnh thng mi

3.1.3. Trang thit b

Ta c th s dng gch bng trn b mt ng (t k,reception), mt ngang (bn,k)

3.2. ngoi tht

3.3. Cc cch sp xp
Theo c nhn sinh vin thc hin, em s chia ra lm hai cch xp gch. Xp xen k: l xp gch theo cc ng roong khng thng hang,cch xp ny to s ph cch, lm cho ngi xem c cm gic khng gian rng them. Xp theo trc: L cch xp gch theo cc ng roong song song v thng hang vi nhau. Cch xp ny to cho b mt lt trng trt t v ngn np.

Xp xen k

Xp theo trc

3.4. Kt hp vt liu

C th kt hp xen k nhiu loi vt liu trn mt mt bng sn. Ngi ta thng kt hp gch bng vi sn g. C khi kt hp vi gch ceramic, terrazzo, hoc vi u c. Mi cch kt hp vt liu khc nhau s mang li nhiu kt qu v th gic v xc gic vi ngi xi.

3.5. Kt hp ha tit

Kt hp hoa vn l s dng nhiu loi ha tit khc nhau ca nhiu vin gch. Nhn tng th s to ra mt gam mu th v. Cch ny s dng kh ph bin v linh hot trong ni tht hin i. ng dng hang lot trong cc thit k ni tht dn dng v thng mi.

3.6. NHN NH V XUT NHNG GII PHP MI, SNG TO

3.6.1 Nhn nh: u im: - Vt liu gch bng (cement tiles) l mt loi vt liu khng nung, thn thin vi mi trng. - C sc chu mi mn cao - Khng thm nc. - Hoa vn a dang v c nhiu mu sc. Khuyt im: - Trng lng kh nng. - Sn xut tn nhiu nhn lc. - Hnh thc cha a dng. 3.6.2 xut nhng gii php mi Trong n chuyn ny em xin php c a ra gii phi trong khng gian khi ng dng hoa vn ca vt liu gch bng. T nhng hoa vn trn b mt 2D ta s cch iu s dng trn khi 3D Hoa vn s dng ch yu ly t dng FLORAL (bng hoa) lm tng cch iu

Dng ha tit FLORAL lm lan can ,b mt bao ph ca reception, cht liu vi gi, vi mn, vi bao n lng , gi, S dng vt liu gch bng p trn lm im nhn trang tr.

Dng ha tit FLORAL lm gi, cht liu vi gi, vi mn, vi bao n lng S dng vt liu gch bng p sn lm im nhn trang tr (thay cho thm) S dng vt liu gch bng p tng.

Dng ha tit FLORAL lm gi, cht liu vi gi, vi mn, vi bao n lng S dng vt liu gch bng p sn lm im nhn trang tr (thay cho thm) S dng vt liu gch bng p tng, trn

C.Kt lun

S ln ngi ca gch bng - chnh l s ln ngi ca nhng sn phm vt liu xy dng bit khai thc c yu t truyn thng v yu t hin i. Ngi tiu dng cng c li l s mi mi lu du c phong cch chi vt liu hoi c m khng phi e d bi bt c yu t k thut no. Thm ch, cn l s chi sang cng vt liu, th hin c tnh, phong cch thm m ca cc v ch nhn!

Ti liu nghin cu: Website: http://www.concretecottage.com/encaustic-cement-tiles.htm http://secointile.com/Desktop.aspx/Huong-dan-thi-cong-gach-bong/Huong-dan-thi-cong-gach-bong/ http://www.villalagoontile.com/how-are-encaustic-cement-tiles-made.html http://www.concretecottage.com/encaustic-cement-tiles.htm http://www.cement-tiles.com/Presse/index.php http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/more-cement-tile-inspirationbo-55047 http://www.concretecottage.com/encaustic-cement-tiles.htm http://www.aventetiletalk.com/2010/09/create-cement-tile-floor-plan-with.html http://www.ogassian.com/ http://www.cement-tiles.com/Tiles/modernos.php# http://www.granadatile.com/blog/page/3/ http://www.granadatile.com/cement_tile_photo_gallery.php Sch: -Cement Tile: Evolution of an art form / El Mosaico Hidraulico: Arte en evolucion -Black & Decker The Complete Guide to Ceramic Tile, Third Edition: Includes Stone, Porcelain, Glass Tile & More (Black & Decker Complete Guide) -The 2011 Import and Export Market for Building Blocks and Bricks, Tiles, Flagstones, and Similar Articles of Cement, Concrete, or Artificial Stone in Asia by Icon Group International (May 12, 2010) -The Mosaic Book: Ideas, Projects and Techniques by Peggy Vance and Celia Goodrick-Clarke (Aug 1, 1996)