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Pemerihalan pergerakan yang dilakukan. Satah dan paksi rujukan bagi pergerakan yang dilakukan Sendi dan jenis sendi yang digunakan untuk pergerakan tersebut. Pergerakan yang dihasilkan di sendi tersebut. Otot agonis yang terlibat dalam pergerakan. Jenis penguncupan otot agonis.
Paksi (axis)
Sendi (Joints)
3.
(The type of joint of primary concern in the analysis of human motion are those in the .. category)
Jenis Penguncupan
Fasa Menurun
Pemulihan
Persediaan
Mendagu
Persediaan Pemulihan
Mendagu
Muscular System
Mechanism of muscular contraction The sliding filament model
Muscle shortening occurs due to the movement of the actin filament over the myosin filament Formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments Power stroke
1 power stroke only shorten muscle 1%
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Forum 1 (1/10/12)
Seorang pesakit fraktur tulang tibia telah dipakaikan kas plater untuk patah tersebut. Selepas dua minggu pesakit tersebut telah menanggalkan kas tersebut tanpa kebenaran dan pengetahuan doktor yang merawatnya. Tindakannya telah menyebabkan tulang tersebut tidak sembuh sepenuhnya. Bincangkan tujuan kas plaster tersebut dan sebab mengapa tulang tersebut tidak sembuh sepenenuhnya.
Apakah tujuan kas plaster dan mengapa tulang tidak sembuh sepenenuhnya sekiranya kas tersebut ditanggalkan tanpa kebenaran doktor?
Skeleton function (5 functions) 1. Support the skeleton 2. Protection : skull, rib case 3. Hemopoeisis the bone marrow produce rbc, wbc and platelet 4. Mineral storage- calcium 5. Movement skeleton of machine/level
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Anatomy
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Injuries to bone
Bone 1. living tissue 2. growth in length and density 3. weaken (too much stress) 4. seal off 16 to 17 years old
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Forum 2 (19/10/12)
Perihalkan kesan tidak menggunakan otot rangka tertentu secara kerap. Apakah yang boleh dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut?
Forum 3 (2/11/12)
Patah tulang kerap berlaku dalam kalangan mereka yang mengamalkan diet yang ekstrem untuk mengurangkan berat badan tetapi tidak bersenam.
Forum 4 (16/11/12)
Kajian yang dilakukan oleh Profesor Wan Nabe mendapati bahawa kebanyakan daripada pelari-pelari pecut yang ternama mempunyai ciri-ciri yang berikut: Tinggi dengan bentuk badan mesomorf Kaki bawah langsing serta pinggul yang kecil. Kandungan serat otot cepat sentak melebihi 80% daripada jumlah keseluruhan otot kaki.
Bincangkan kaitan ciri tersebut dengan prestasi cemerlang mereka dalam acara lari pecut.
Functional Anatomy
Somatotype
Somatotypes are scattered about the mean score (eg. Ice hockey)
remember that there will be a range of somatotypes that will cluster around the mean
Somatotype
A larger scatter also in events where different positions require specialist body types- (eg. Basketball)
Somatotype
A larger scatter in events where body type has only a minor influence - (eg. Golf)
Functional Anatomy
INTRODUCTION
Obviously Somatotype is not the only factor in determining ones ability to perform at an elite level. Its just one of the many ingredients. However, combined with capacities such as body composition, proportionality, flexibility, strength and power, BODY TYPE is valuable in assessing a persons suitability for a particular sport.
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
See Table 4.2 (p.55) for a summary of somatotypes. 1. Less data available for elite females.
The majority of data collected over the past 40 years has been on male athletes.
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
2. Significant differences between male and female athletes at the elite level.
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
2. Significant differences between male and female athletes at the elite level. When no female data are available, we can estimate
Endomorphy Sprint Events Middle Distance Field Games & Explosive sports Mesomorphy Ectomorphy
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
2. Significant differences between male and female athletes at the elite level. When no female data are available, we can estimate
Endomorphy Sprint Events Middle Distance Field Games & Explosive sports Mesomorphy Ectomorphy
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
2. Significant differences between male and female athletes at the elite level. When no female data are available, we can estimate
Endomorphy Sprint Events Middle Distance Field Games & Explosive sports Mesomorphy Ectomorphy
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
2. Significant differences between male and female athletes at the elite level. When no female data are available, we can estimate
Endomorphy Sprint Events Middle Distance Field Games & Explosive sports Mesomorphy Ectomorphy
What somatotype?
What sports?
Endomorph
Mesomorph Ectomorph
EXAMPLES - MESOMORPHS
GYMNASTS
EXAMPLES - MESOMORPHS
GYMNASTS M = 1.5 - 6 - 2 F=2-4-3
EXAMPLES - MESOMORPHS
DIVERS M = 2 - 5.5 - 2.5 F=3-4-3
EXAMPLES - MESOMORPHS
BODY BUILDERS Meso = 7+
EXAMPLES - MESOMORPHS
WEIGHT-CLASS LIFTERS / WRESTLERS M=2-7-1
- LINEMAN Vs BACKS
EXAMPLES - ENDOMORPHS
NO ENDOMORPHS!!!
EXAMPLES MESO-ECTOMORPHS
TRIATHLON M=2-4-3 F = 2.5 - 4 - 3
EXAMPLES - ECTOMORPHS
BASKETBALLERS - AVERAGE M = 2 - 4.5 - 3.5 - FORWARDS M = 2 - 3 - 5 F = 3.5 - 4 - 3 F = 3 - 3.5 - 3
EXAMPLES - ECTOMORPHS
BASKETBALLERS - EXTREME (Manute Bol)
EXAMPLES - ECTOMORPHS
VOLLEYBALLERS M = 2.5 - 4.5 - 3.5 F = 3.5 - 4 - 3
400 M
Decreasing MESO
10,000 M
Increasing ECTO
EXAMPLES - TRACK
SPRINTERS & HURDLERS M=2-5-3 F = 2.5 - 4 - 3
EXAMPLES - TRACK
400M M = 1.5 - 4.5 - 3.5 F = 2 - 3.5 - 3.5
EXAMPLES - TRACK
800 & 1,500 M M = 1.5 - 4.5 - 3.5
EXAMPLES - TRACK
10,000M M = 1.5 - 4 - 3.5
EXCEPTIONS
Somatotype not the only factor in determining sports performance at an elite level
EXCEPTIONS
1. Gordon Pirie (World 5,000m champ) 2 - 4.5 - 3.5
(more like a 400m runner 5 kg heavier than others)
EXCEPTIONS
2. Peter Snell (World & Olympic 800 / 1500m) 2 -5 - 3
(more like a 200m runner)
EXCEPTIONS
3. Rob deCastella (World marathon champ) 1.5 - 4.5 - 3.5
(more like a 400m runner 5cm taller and 8kg heavier than others)
SOMATOTYPE MODIFICATION
Strength training Endurance training
SOMATOTYPE MODIFICATION
Strength training Endurance training more MESO
more ECTO
more ENDO
more ECTO
TODAY
Which athletes are more ectomorphic 100m or 10 000m runners?
10 000m