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Deep Thoughts
Paul Bird
 
(Last edited 09/04/2002)
CONTENTS
 
Here are a fewUpdates <http://users.whsurf.net/paulbird/bookstuff>
 
PHYSICS HOME PAGE <physics.html>website
Contents
 Introduction What Things are Made of  Interactions and the Gravity Problem Einstein's Bigger Blunder (still to come)Spectacular Failures and How to Fix Them How I Found it all out Philosophy of the Self  Does Fate Exist? Happiness Warp SpeedSuper Numbers Why Don't Atoms Collapse?Fitting the Pieces Together  Black Holes and the Big Bang Them Damned Masses! How I discovered Selfism A Brief History Scientists and Philosophers Self and Society Conclusion 
Appendices
 Diagrams Mathematics Glossary 
Chapter 1
 IntroductionHello. My names Paul and I hope you'll join me as I tell you how I discovered the secret to the Universe.
 
Whether you are truly interested in my ideas, whether you already know the secret to the Universe andwould like to gloat over where I've got it wrong or whether you are just bored and couldn't care less oneway or the other - all are welcome. 'Hang on a moment,' I here someone say, 'why do you want to tell
me
about it - for I am but a lay person with nowt but a slender grasp on geometry? Surely you would bemuch better off talking to some seasoned academic from yonder University of Oxbridgeford. For theyare wise and great.' But I say to you, no. For an academic no more has the answers to the meaning of the universe than a priest has to the meaning of life. Surely, both have strongly held beliefs about what isright and what is wrong. But trying to convince an academic of a new idea is similar in scale to trying toconvert a Catholic priest to Hinduism. 'Surely not,' I here someone remark. 'For an academic believesonly what is true.' Nay, but cannot the same be said of a Catholic Priest or a Hindu Swami?It is customary in anecdotes such as these for you to claim that you were destined to find the secret tothe Universe and point at some point in your childhood which proves this point. But this is silly. If Iwere a fireman I would probably claim it was my destiny ever since age four when I refused to play withmatches. Or if I were a deep-sea diver I could claim that this was my destiny because at age 3 I likedtaking baths! Particularly as I was under 21 when I had my main inspiration which in America is stillconsidered juvenile I will skip this part. In fact I will skip most parts about my personal life because as ahuman being, the only sense of self I have is my memories and I'm not prostetutin' them for anyone!Instead I will concentrate on the ideas - you might think of this as a case study into scientific intuition.Before you get any ideas, let me tell you that you will not learn anything remotely useful by reading this book. Knowing the secret to the universe will not get you off work in the morning, it will not make your cornflakes taste any better, it will not make you any more attractive to the opposite sex (as far as Iknow), and it will not make you rich. On the last point I should add that there is one way to makemoney out of knowing the secret to the universe and that is to write a book entitled 'How I discoveredthe Secret to the Universe' but tough luck, mate, because I've already done that! 'OK, so why should Iread your book, mister?' Could you not read it for its entertainment value, or for the satisfaction of learning something new, or, you know, just for a laugh? 'Well I suppose....'You might be thinking, quite reasonably, that I could have simply made up the secret to the Universe.But let me assure you that this is not the case. Secondly, I'm most definitely not a lunatic, although your entitled to make up your own mind on this point - after you've finished the book.This is my second attempt at writing a book about the Universe, the first which I started before I evenknew the answer (if that's not confidence for you, I don't know what is!) would not have sold well.Given that every inclusion of an equation in a book is estimated to half the sales (or so Mr StephenHawking says) then that book would have sold approximately 1 copy, if that. And that would probablyhave been bought by my mum! This time, I am dispensing with equations and simply using the power of the written word to express my discoveries. I did include one however, seeing that the Theory of Everything essentially
is
an equation it seemed appropriate to include it. (see Appendix I). It's not reallyas quotable as 'E equals M C squared.' Its rough translation might be 'A equals trace E to the B minustrace B integrated over four dimensional super-quaternion space.' You're not meant to understand whatthis means, (if you did there would be no point reading the rest of the book!) Its just something that youcould memorise and quote at dinner parties, should you be into that sort of thing.Sorry to be a spoil sport, but the number '42' has very little to do with the Theory of Everything and theUniverse in general. The closest number, which is the number of different types of particles in theuniverse is '39'. (See appendix I). If you like you could count the last 3 twice but why would you wantto do that? Are you crazy or something? Other things that have very little to do with the Theory of Everything are the Pyramids of Geezer, Little Green Aliens or Big Foot. So these things will not bementioned henceforth.One piece of information which you may like to remember when you embark on your own deepthoughts is this: 'Most things are as they appear to be.' No matter how hard you think about somethingyou will pretty much find that 'it is what it is'. No matter what some philosopher says about it. Space isthat big empty thing in the night sky, time is the thing our watches measure, life is life, death is death, I
 
am me and you are you. Space is not a rubber sheet, time is not a flowing river, life is not an inner flame,death is not a final journey, I am not the same as you nor you the same as me. So I hope that's clearedthat up!You don't have to know any detailed geometry or maths to understand this book. In fact as long as youcan add up to four you shouldn't have any major difficulties. A good rule to go by when constructingTheories of Everything is that if you end up with more than two digits you've probably gone wrongsomewhere! Big numbers just aren't important in physics. It doesn't really matter exactly how manymiles the Universe is across or exactly how many days it was since the Beginning. All we really need toknow is that the universe is very very
big 
and also very very
old 
.The Theory of the Universe can be derived from certain basic principles. The 2 main principles that Iwish to impart to you, reader, will be the 'weight principle' and the 'quaternion principle'. Once youunderstand these basic principles, the rest will follow. The Fundamental Philosophy which we shall also be talking about might also be derived from certain principles. These include the 'Self principle', the 'fate principle' and the 'belief principle'. I shall undoubtedly be talking about other stuff too. You might notagree with all of it but I hope it will at least inspire you in some way in your own deep thoughts.I've tried not to go over too much old ground and if I have I hope I've at least done it in an original way.Sometimes when you're feeling a bit 'intellectual', you want to read something deep and meaningful.Usually you can never find such a book or the books you do find are too dry. This is my view of what a'deep' book should be about. I hope you enjoy it..
Chapter 2
 What things are made of.I'd better start by explaining a bit about the subject in hand. Now I've read most of the popular booksabout physics on the market and by Zeus they are dull! To save you from this I will be as brief as possible.If you take an apple for instance (it doesn't have to be an apple - an aardvark would do equally well) andchop it in half, and then take one of those halves and chop it in half again, then keep doing this abouteighty-five times (more if you have used an aardvark) then you will end up with an atom. All things aremade of atoms. But what's an atom made of? All atoms have protons in the centre and electrons roundthe outside. Protons are made of 3 other things called quarks. Got that? If you haven't you can read itagain. I'll wait.But what
are
electrons and quarks? This is the tricky bit and I don't expect you to believe me when I tellyou that they are
blurs
. That's right, they are little tiny smudges. The electron-smudges smudge aroundthe outside of an atom while the quark-smudges smudge around in the centre. 'Surely not!' I heresomeone say. 'Aren't they little tiny spheres?' OK, but a sphere is made of something. What's it made of?'Erm, well not spheres then - tiny points with no size at all?' This is a common misconception. Peoplehave had this idea since the Greeks who had thought of atoms by pure imagination and without any of the scientific equipment we have today. But there is a problem with points.If you shine a torch at a wall the light doesn't go straight through the wall and out the other side. This is because the particles of light interact somehow with the atoms in the wall. In fact they interact with theelectrons in the atoms. Now if all these particles were huge spheres, then they would have lots of opportunity to bounce off each other. If they were smaller spheres they might miss each other. And if they were points they would have absolutely no chance of hitting each other and the light would gostraight through the wall. So it is impossible that electrons can be points.So if electrons are blurs, they have blurred edges, so how do they interact with other blurs? To find outhow, it would be useful if we could expand these blurs to a very big size. And that is exactly what peopledid. Infact it is going on in millions of peoples television sets right now! If an electron blur escapes froman atom, it spreads out in all directions. This is what is referred to as a wave. This spread-out blur  behaves very much like a water wave and we know how water waves interact with other water waves -like the ripples in a pond when you throw 2 stones in. These electron waves escape from the atoms at
of 00

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