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DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR RESEARCH
Directorate A
Division Industry, Research and Energy
STOA
Scientific and Technological Options Assessment
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ANDENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF NON-IONISING ELECTROMAGNETICRADIATION
Final Study
Working document for the STOA Panel
Luxembourg, March 2001 PE 297.574/Fin.St.
Directorate General for Research
EN
EN
Cataloguing data
:Title:
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OFNON-IONISING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Workplan Ref.: EP/IV/A/STOA/2000/07/03Publisher: European ParliamentDirectorate General for ResearchDirectorate AThe STOA ProgrammeAuthor:
Dr. Gerard Hyland
University of Warwick - U.K.International Institute of Biophysics, Germany
Editor: Mr Graham CHAMBERSSTOA UnitDate: March 2001PE number:
PE 297.574/Fin.St.
This document is a working Document for the 'STOA Panel'. It is not an official publication of STOA.This document does not necessarily represent the views of the European Parliament
3
Contents
Part A OPTIONS1
. Policy options for the European Parliament
2
. Policy options for the European Commission
3
. Technological options at the operational level
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYPart B ARGUMENTS and EVIDENCE1.
Introduction: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Bio-incompatibility
2
. Why
GSM
Signals are Bio-active
3.
Indications of Non-thermal influences of Microwave Radiation, including GSM
3.1
In vitro
and
in vivo
evidence
3.2
Difficulties in replication
3.3
Relevance of experiments to conditions realised in actual mobile phone usage
4
. Indications of Non-thermal Adverse Health Impacts of Exposure to GSM and similarmicrowave radiation
5
. From Non-thermal Effects to Adverse Health Effects
6
. The Increased Vulnerability of Pre-adolescent Children
7
. But Not Everyone is Adversely Affected
8
. The Inadequacy of Existing Safety Guidelines
9.
Some recommendations to enhance electromagnetic biocompatibility
9.1
Policy options for the European Parliament
9.2
Policy options for the European Commission
9.3
Technological options at the operational level
10
. Conclusions
References
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