Contactor

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM Chng 1 : CONTACTOR I. Tng quan v contactor : 1.
nh ngha :
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
Email : huynhductri1808@gmail.com
Contactor l kh c in h p, thc hin vic ng ngt thng xuyn cc mch in ng lc c dng in ngt khng vt qu gii hn dng in qu ti ca mch in. Thao tc ng ngt ca contactor c th thc hin nh c cu in t, c cu kh ng hoc c cu thu lc. Nhng thng dng nht l cc loi contactor in t. 2. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng : Contactor in t ng dng nhng nh lut in t c bn. hiu nhng nh lut ny, ta kho st mt nam chm in n gin l mt cun dy qun quanh mt li st non, v hai u dy c ni vo ngun in 1 chiu. Dng in chy qua cun dy lm t ho li st, v khi ngt ngun in, khng cn dng chy qua cun dy th li st tr li bnh thng.
Da vo hin tng trn, ta kho st c cu nh sau :
Blog : huynhductri.blogspot.com
Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
Hnh trn m t cu trc c bn ca contactor. Bn trong contactor c hai mch in, mt l mch iu khin, mch cn li l mch ng lc. Mch iu khin c ni vi cun cm ca nam chm in. Mch ng lc c ni vi tip im tnh ca contactor. Nam chm in trong contactor c cu to ging nh nam chm in gm cun dy qun quanh li st non nh kho st trn. Khi c in cp vo cun dy thng qua mch iu khin, t trng to ra s t ho nam chm in. T trng ny s ht li thp vo nam chm, lm tip im trong contactor ng li v khp kn mch ng lc. Khi ngt mch iu khin, t trng nam chm in bin mt, v tip im tr v trng thi c nh tc ng ca l xo.
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
3. Cc thng s c bn ca contactor : Dng in nh mc : L dng in di hn chy qua h thng tip im chnh ca contactor khi ng mch in ph ti. Vi gi tr ny ca dng in, mch dn in chnh ca contactor khng b pht nng qu gii hn cho php. in p nh mc : L in p t trn hai cc ca mch dn in chnh ca contactor. Kh nng ng ngt ca contactor : + Kh nng ng ca contactor : c nh gi bng gi tr dng in m contactor c th ng thnh cng. Thng th gi tr ny bng t 1 n 7 ln gi tr dng in nh mc. + Kh nng ngt ca contactor : c nh gi bng gi tr dng in ngt, m gi tr , contactor c th tc ng ngt thnh cng khi mch in. Thng gi tr ny bng t 1 n 10 ln dng in nh mc. bn c : L s ln ng ngt khi khng c dng in chy qua h thng tip im ca contactor. Vt qu s ln ng ngt , cc tip im xem nh b h hng, khng cn s dng c na. Cc loi contactor thng c bn c t 106 n 5.106 ln thao tc. bn in : L s ln ng ngt dng in nh mc. Contactor loi thng c bn in vo khong 106 ln.
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
4. K hiu contactor :
K hiu i lng cn biu din Tiu chun Chu u Mch iu khin Mch ng lc Tiu chun M Mch iu khin Mch ng lc Tiu chun Lin X Mch iu khin Mch ng lc
Cun dy
Tip im thng ng
Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM Tip im thng h 5. Phn loi contactor :
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
C nhiu cch phn loi contactor : - Theo nguyn l truyn ng : Ta c contactor kiu in t, kiu hi p, kiu thu lc Thng th ta gp contactor kiu in t ( ni dung chng trnh hc ). - Theo dng dng in : Contactor in mt chiu v contactor in xoay chiu. - Theo kt cu : Ngi ta phn contactor dung ni hn ch chiu cao ( nh bng in gm xe ) v ni hn ch chiu rng ( v d bung tu in ). Phn loi tip im contactor : - Theo kh nng ti dng : Tip im chnh ( cho dng in ln i qua t 10A n 1600A hay 2250A ), tip im ph ( cho dng in i qua c gi tr t 1A n 5A ) - Theo trng thi hot ng : Tip im thng ng ( l loi tip im trng thi kn mch khi cun dy nam chm trong contactor trng thi ngh khng c in ), tip im thng m ( l tip im trng thi h mch khi cun dy nam chm trong contactor trng thi ngh khng c in ). II. Mch iu khin c bn dng contactor : 1. Mch khi ng t : Hnh bn trnh by s in p dng khi ng t trong vic khi ng v bo v ng c in bap ha, khng ng b. Trong : - RN1 , RN2 l h thng relay nhit bao gm cc tm bi metal v cc tip im thng ng. - CD l cu dao. - C : contactor 3 pha AC bao gm cc tip im chnh trn mch ng lc, tip im ph trn mch iu khin v cun dy nam chm in trn mch iu khin.
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
Khi ng t hot ng nh sau : Khi mun khi ng ng c D, ng cu dao CD vo ngun in 3 pha cung cp ngun cho mch iu khin hot ng ( mch r nhnh trong hnh ). Sau nhn nt khi ng . Mch iu khin cung cp in p cho cun dy nam chm in C, n s ht np contactor, lm ng cc tip im thng m C trn mch in ng lc, in p ngun 3 pha c cung cp cho ng c D lm cho n khi ng. Cun dy C trong mch iu khin lc ny c duy tr di in p l do s c mt ca tip im thng m ph ca contactor c ng li sau khi contactor tc ng. Tip im ny cn c gi l tip im duy tr. Mun dng ng c ta ch vic nhn nt dng M trn mch iu khin, n s lm cho mch iu khin mt in, cun dy C mt in, h thng c cu ca contactor s tc ng lm cho cc tip im C trn mch ng lc m ra, ngt ngun ca ng c D lm cho n dng li. Tc ng bo v ca khi ng t, ch yu l bo v qu ti cho ng c in. Khi ng c b qu ti, relay nhit RN1 v RN2 s ngt mch iu khin, t ngt mch ng lc cung cp cho ng c D lm cho n dng li. 2. Mch dung kho lien ng cho 2 contactor :
Trong mt s trng hp thc t, chng ta gp phi yu cu nh sau : Hai ti thay phin nhau hot ng, v hai ti khng c php hot ng trong cng mt thi im. Mch in trn tho mn c yu cu ny, v im mu cht gii quyt vn nm Kho lin ng in ( interlock electrical switch ). trng thi ban u, nt nhn OFF thng ng, 2 nt ON1, ON2 thng m, do M1,M2 khng hot ng. Ta nhn nt ON1, M1 hot ng, tip im thng ng
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
M1 h lm cho ti M2 khng th hot ng d c nhn nt ON2, tip im thng m M1 nhm gi cho ti M1 hot ng lien tc. Ngc li, qu trnh din ra tng t nu ta khi ng M2 trc. Nt OFF ngt in cho ton b mch.
3. Mch dung kho lien ng cho 2 contactor ( nt bm kp )
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
Trng thi ban u ca mch nh hnh v, u tin ta nhn ON1, lc ny ON1 - ON2 to thnh mt mch kn cho M1 hot ng, trng thi hot ng ca M1 sau c gi bi tip im thng m M1 v ON1. Sau , ta nhn nt ON2, lm h mch M1 dng hot ng. V mch M2 li c khp kn, M2 hot ng. Nt nhn OFF ngt in cho ton b mch.
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
4. Cc ch hot ng ca contactor : Contactor c hai loi : s dng vi ng c xoay chiu v mt chiu. Tu theo gi tr dng in m contactor phi lm vic khi hot ng bnh thng hay khi ct m ta dung cc c khc nhau. Phm vi s dng ph thuc vo : - Ph ti : ng c lng sc, ng c dy qun. - iu kin hot ng, thc hin ng m, qu trnh khi ng nng nh, o chiu v hm a. Loi s dng vi dng in xoay chiu:
Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM -
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
AC1 : Dng cho nhng thit b v kh c in, ph ti s dng dng in xoay chiu m h s cng sut t nht phi bng 0.95. V d dung cho nhng in tr dng si m hay li phn phi c h s cng sut ln hn 0.95. AC3 : Dng cho ng c lng sc. Khi ng, contactor thit lp dng in khi ng c tr s t 5 n 7 ln dng in nh mc ca ng c. Khi m, contactor s ct dng in nh mc cung cp cho ng c ( lc ny, in p ca nhng cc ca contactor bin ng cn khong 20% in p li in, nn vic ct d dng ). V d : Tt c nhng ng c lng sc thng dng : ng c cu thang my, bng chuyn, cn cu, my nn . AC4 v AC2 : Dng cho ph ti m ng c dung dng ngc hm hay c ph ti lm vic gin on, s dng ng c lng sc hay dy qun. Loi ny ng khi cng t t 5 n 7 ln dng in nh mc ng c. Khi ct, c th ct dng in nh mc vi in p bng in p li in. Vic ct kh khn hn loi AC3. V d : dung ng c my in, my nng hang, cng nghip luyn kim b. Loi s dng i vi dng in mt chiu :
DC1 : Dng cho tt c thit b v kh c in, hoc cc ph ti s dng dng in 1 chiu m hng thi gian (L/R) b hn hay bng 1ms ( ni cch khc l ph ti khng c tnh cm hay tnh cm b ). DC2 : Dng vi ng c 1 chiu kch thch song song. Hng s thi gian l khong 7.5ms. Khi ng, contactor thit lp dng in khi ng nm trong khong 2.5 ln dng in nh mc. V khi m, contactor s ct dng in nh mc ca ng c. Ct d dng hn. DC3 : Loi ny chi phi s khi ng, phanh dng in ngc hay c ph ti lm vic gin on. Hng s thi gian nh hn 2ms. Khi ng, contactor thit lp dng khi ng gn bng 2.5 ln dng in nh mc ca ng c. Khi m, n phi ct dng in gp 2.5 ln dng in khi ng vi in p bng in p li in. Vic ct kh khn hn. Dng khi ng ng c kch t song song vi ph ti lm vic gin on, v i chiu quay ng c. DC4 : Dng khi khi ng ng c kch t ni tip. Hng s thi gian 10ms. Khi ng, contactor thit lp dng in khi ng gp 2.5 ln dng in nh mc. Khi m, n ct mt phn ba dng nh mc. in p cc cc khong 20% in p li in. Vic ct tng i d. DC5 : Dng khi ng ng c kch t ni tip, ph ti lm vic gin on, phanh dng in ngc. Hng s thi gian nh hn 7.5ms. Contactor ng cng dng t 2.5 ln dng nh mc. Khi ct, contactor ct dng in c cng cng v in p bng in p li in. Vic ct kh khn hn. Dng trong trng hp cn o chiu quay ca ng c.
III. La chn contactor : Vin chn contactor ng vi yu cu cng vic c thc hin da trn cc tiu ch sau: - Loi s dng
Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM -
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
S lng chu k thao tc trong mt gi m contactor phi thc hin. Tui th c yu cu bi ngi s dng.
1. Loi s dng ( i vi contactor tiu chun IEC-947-4 ) : a. Contactor loi AC1: c thit lp v ct dng in Ie. c dung vi ph ti c cos > 0.95
b. Contactor loi AC3: AC3 dng cho ng c 3 pha roto lng sc.
c. Contactor loi AC4 v AC2: Thc hin ngt trong ch nng n : Ngt trong thi gian khi ng, ngt trong thi gian phanh, ngt dng in ngc, ngt ch vn hnh theo xung.
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
AC4 dng vi ng c khng ng b 3 pha lng sc. AC2 dng vi ng c khng ng b 3 pha, roto dy qun.
2. Mc , tn sut s dng: L s ln thao tc trong mt gi m mt contactor phi thc hin. Cn gi l l s chu k thao tc. 3. Tha s vn hnh: L quan h gia khong thi gian ng v khong thi gian ca chu k. V d: Vi tn sut s dng 1200 ln thao tc trong 1 gi, khong thi gian chu k l 3 giy. Nu khong thi gian ng l 1,2 giy th tha s vn hnh l: 1,2/3 = 0,4 tc l 40%. Cc gi tr c tiu chun ho ca cc tha s vn hnh l: 15%, 25%, 40%, 60%. Chn contactor theo loi s dng: + Vi loi AC1 ( U e 440V ) Vic chn la c thc hin thu theo cng ct v tui th c yu cu. Dng in c ct thng thng bng vi dng in Ie, dng ny do ph ti quyt nh. Tui th yu cu l s ln thao tc m contactor c kh nng thc hin, khng cn c s can thip no khc. V d : Hy chn contactor vi: Ue = 220V; Ie = 50A; = 40 oC; Dng in ct Ic = Ie = 50A. Mong mun thc hin 2 triu chu k thao tc.
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
T biu trn, ta xt trc tung ti gi tr 50 v trc honh ti gi tr 2, suy ra loi AC1 tho mn yu cu l LC1-D40. + Vi loi AC3 ( U e 440V ) Chn tu theo cng sut hu ch ca ng c hay ca dng in s dng: Ie v s lng ln thao tc i hi. Dng in ngt ca AC3 bng dng in nh mc Ie. V d : ng c khng ng b : P = 5,5kW , Ue = 380V, Ie = 11,5A. Dng in ct : Ic = Ie = 11,5A. Mong mun thc hin 3 triu chu k thao tc.
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
Xem biu trn, ta xt cc iu kin P = 5,5kW ti 380V , Ie = 11,5A, 3 triu ln thao tc, ta suy ra contactor c chn l: LC1, LP1-D18. + Loi AC2 hay AC4 ( U e 440V ) Vic chn la contactor thc hin theo dng in c ngt ( c th ly bng vi dng khi ng I ) v tui th v in ca contactor ( s lng ln thao tc i hi ). V d : ng c khng ng b c P = 5,5kW , Ue = 380V, Ie = 11,5A . Ngt trong ch nng n. Dng ngt Ic = 6 x Ie = 69A. Thc hin 100.000 chu k thao tc.
T biu , ta tm c c contactor LC1, LP1-D18. c tnh cc cc ca contactor : Khi kho st cc ca contactor, ta ch cc thng s sau : Dng in s dng quy nh : Cn gi l dng nh mc. Vi loi AC1 th gi tr dng in ny c cng rt cao. in p s dng quy nh : in p s dng cc i ca contactor. Dng in nhit quy nh : Contactor c dng in nhit quy nh i qua phi m bo duy tr ng trong 8 gi, v khng lm nng cc chi tit, nhit cun dy khng qu 90 0C v tip im chnh khng nng qu 65 0C. Dng in ng quy nh : L dng in m contactor c xc lp m cc tip im khng b hn dnh. Dng in ct qui nh : Dng in m contactor c th ct m khng ph hng cc tip im. Dng in tc thi cho php : Contactor v tr ng c th chu ng trong khong thi gian ngn mt dng in gp nhiu ln dng in nhit quy nh m khng lm hng cc tip im. Tng tr trung bnh mt cc : Cng sut tiu tn cc :
Ti liu lu hnh ni b
V d 1 : Chn contactor vi cc thng s yu cu nh sau : ng c 3 pha lng sc, in p khu vc ( 3 x 400V ), cng sut c ch trc c Pu = 3kW , cos = 0,79 , = 0,8 . Dng khi ng l 3A. ng c lm vic 8 gi/ngy, 5 ngy/tun v 150 ln thao tc trong 1 gi, 48 tun lm vic trong 1 nm. Khi vn chuyn, ngi iu khin cu ln iu khin ng c bng xung. Cc ng tc ngt xy ra trong thi gian khi ng. Ngi ta yu cu contactor lm vic t nht 1 nm m khng cn xem xt kim tra. Hy xc nh loi contactor c s dng, s ln thao tc gia hai k kim tra xem xt, tnh cng dng in ngt. Gai : Ta thy rng : ng c lng sc, v ngt dng in trong lc khi ng. Nh vy ta chn loi AC4. S ln thao tc gia hai k kim tra : 150 x 8 x 5 x 48 = 288.000 ln thao tc Cng dng in ngt: Dng nh mc : Pu = => .Pa = Pu = 22.000W = . 3.U .cos .I dm Pa => I dm = 22000 22000 = = 49, 6 A 3.U .cos . 3 400 0,8 0,8
Dng khi ng : I khoidong = 49, 6 3 149 A

Contactor

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Contactor

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM Chng 1 : CONTACTOR I. Tng quan v contactor : 1.

Da vo hin tng trn, ta kho st c cu nh sau :

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

3. Mch dung kho lien ng cho 2 contactor ( nt bm kp )

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM -

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM -

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

Cn b ging dy : Hunh c Tr i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM

Dng khi ng : I khoidong = 49, 6 3 149 A

You might also like