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Task Force to Study Lighting Efficiency and Light Pollution in Maryland March 2002
1Table of Contents
Task Force Members
3
Executive Summary
8Purpose 8Background 8Recommendations 9Appendices
Appendix A
House Joint Resolution 14 13
Appendix B
Glossary 17
Appendix C
Outdoor Lighting Laws and Regulations in Other States 19
Appendix D
Survey Responses from County & Municipal Governments 24
Appendix E
Additional Survey Responses from Maryland Municipalities 28
Appendix F
Existing Exterior Lighting Data, DGS Operated Facilities 32
Appendix G
Benefits of Lighting
 
39Driving Safety 40Pedestrian Safety 40General Community Safety 40
Appendix H
Light Pollution 42Sky Glow 42Light Trespass 43Glare 43
Appendix I
Impacts of Light Pollution
 
44
 
 Night Driving Hazards 44Effects on Observations of the Night Sky 44Effects of Daily and Seasonal Cycles of Animals and Plants 44Effects on Birds and Bird Migration 44Suggestions to Reduce Migratory Bird Impact 46Impact of Diurnal Cycles of Plankton 46Impact on Sea Turtles 46Quality of Life 47
Appendix J
Inefficient Energy Use
 
48Inappropriate Lamp/Fixture Selection 48Outdated/Obsolete Existing Lighting 48Glare 48Light Trespass 48Unnecessary Lighting 49Excessive Lighting 49
Appendix K 
Generation-Related Emissions 50
Appendix L
Business Impact 52
Appendix M
Lighting Issues 53Lighting Efficiencies 53Lamps 53Luminaires 54
 
Task Force to Study Lighting Efficiency and Light Pollution in Maryland March 2002
2
Appendix N
Lighting Technology 56Evolution of Lamp Technology 56Reducing Light Pollution and Consumption 56Minimizing Inefficient Lighting 58For Existing Exterior Lighting 58For New Exterior Lighting Installations 59
Appendix O
Available Standards and Practices 60
Appendix P
Local Government Strategies 62
 
Task Force to Study Lighting Efficiency and Light Pollution in Maryland March 2002
3
Lighting Efficiency and Light Pollution Task Force Members
Chair:
Peta N. Richkus, Secretary, Department of General ServicesPhone: 410-767-4960 Fax: 410-333-5480E-mail: peta.richkus@dgs.state.md.us
Ex-Officio Members:State Senate:
President Thomas V. Mike Miller, Jr.Phone: 410-841-3700 Fax: 410-841-3910E-mail: thomas_v_mike_miller@senate.state.md.us
Designee:
Senator Michael J. Collins, District 6, Baltimore & Harford CountiesPhone: 410-841-3642 Fax: 410-841-3850E-mail:Michaelcollins@senate.state.md.us Interim contact Info:
 
Ph: 410-391-7800 Fax: 410-391-7803
Designee:
Senator Jennie M. Forehand
,
District 17, Montgomery CountyPhone: 410-841-3134 Fax: 410-841-3850E-mail: jennieforehand@senate.state.md.us 
House of Delegates:
Speaker 
 
Casper R. Taylor, Jr.Phone: 410-841-3800 Fax: 410-841-3888E-mail:casper_taylor@house.state.md.us
Designee:
Delegate Richard C. D’Amato, District 30, Anne Arundel County
 
Phone: 410-841-3211 Fax: 410-841-3386E-mail:richarddamato@house.state.md.us 
Designee:
State Treasurer (Former Delegate) Nancy K. KoppPhone: 410-260-7160 Fax: 410-260-6056E-mail:nkopp@treasurer.state.md.us 
Department of Environment:
Jane T. Nishida, SecretaryPhone: 410-631-3084 Fax: 410-631-3888E-mail: jnishida@mde.state.md.us
Designee:
Richard Eskin, Ph.D., Acting Deputy Director Technical andRegulatory Services AdministrationPhone: 410-631-3906 Fax: 410-631-3998E-mail: reskin@mde.state.md.us
Alternate:
Steven Bieber Phone: 410-631-3183 Fax: 410-631-3873E-mail: Sbieber@mde.state.md.us
Department of Natural Resources:
J. Charles Fox, SecretaryPhone: 410-260-8101 Fax: 410-260-8111E-mail: jfox@dnr.state.md.us
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