Alberta Ed Learning Outcome: Graph and analyze radical functions.

Transformations of radical functions also includes sketching and analyzing the transformation of = () to = (). The function = () should be limited to linear or quadratic functions.

Transform each point by the mapping rule (, ) (, ). Plot each new point. Sketch the resulting transformed graph.
= +

A radical function can have the form = (). In this topic well examine the characteristics of the graph of a radical function, along with the domain and range.

Consider the coordinates of the 6 indicated points on the graph below. Do not label.

State the equation of the transformed function State the domain and range of both = () and = ()
(): (): Domain: { } Domain: { } Range: { } Range: { }

() =
(where = or )

+ (10,16)

Invariant Points

(0,4) (0,2)

(10,3)

Explain how you can derive the domain of a function

= (), given the graph of equaton of ().

Excellent question! The function = () is only dened where () > . So the domain can be found by locatnn the -intercept of = () and determininn where the nraph is positiee (boie the -axis)

Follow the same steps indicated in the task box for Explore 1. State the equation of the transformed function State the domain and range of both = () and = ()
(): (): Domain: { } Domain: { } Range: { } Range: { } = +

() =

(, ) =

Explain how the graph of = () differs from the graph of = .

number, then square root it) Very similar howeier unlike on the nraph of (), the nraph of
() is always positiiee Since when x=0 we first SQU(RE the

(, )

All points (, ) (, )

points (, ) (, ). See points ( and B

Given the graph or equation of a function = (), we can obtain the graph of = () by transforming all The domain of = () can be found by considering the zeros / -intercepts of = (). Since we cant square root negatives, = () is defined wherever () 0, that is, wherever the graph is above the -axis. See point D
(D is the start point for the domain)

() = + = ()

(. , )

(. , )

The invariant points in the transformation from = () to = () can be found by considering where the value of () is 0 or 1. See points C and D.
(The square root of 0 is 0, and the square root of 1 is 1.)

Working from the equation of = 4 2

The domain is:

2 4
-2

And the invariant points occur wherever we are square rooting 0 or 1. (0 = 0 and 1 = 1)
() is 4 2 Recall

Whatever we are square rooting cannot be negative. (That is, it must be 0)

4 2 0

1st invariant point is where () = 0

4 2 = 0 2 = 4

So, coordinates of invariant point are (, )

2nd invariant point is where () = 1

4 2 = 1 2 = 3
So, coordinates of invariant point are (. , )

-2

*When dividing (or multiplying) both sides of an inequality by 0, reverse the inequality direction!

= .

1. For each given graph of = (), sketch the graph of = (), and state its domain, range, and any invariant points. (a)
(, ) () = Domain of = (): { } Range of = (): { } Invariant Points:

(, )

Are on the graph of () = where the value (y-coordinate) is 0 or 1. POINTS are: (1.5, 0) and (2, 1)

Range of = (): { }

Domain of = (): { . }

(b)

On the graph of () the y-intercept is 5

= . +

on = () its , or approximately 2.24

Domain of = (): { } Range of = (): { } Invariant Points:

Range of = (): { }

Domain of = (): { }

() = . + () = .

POINTS are: (10, 0) and (8, 1)

= .

(c)

DOM(IN: Graph of () is defined where 0.5 2 2 0

(Solve graphically what are the x-intercepts of () = 0.5 2 2 / where is the graph above the x-axis?)

Domain of = (): { } Range of = (): { } Invariant Points:

Are on the graph of () where the value (y-coordinate) is 0 or 1. POINTS are: (-2.45, 1), (-2, 0), (2, 0) and (2.45, 1)
Find where () = 1 0.5 2 2 = 1 0.5 2 = 3 = 3 0.5

Domain of = (): { , } Range of = (): { }

(d)

() = + = +

Domain of = (): { } Range of = (): { } Invariant Points:

Are on the graph of () where the value (y-coordinate) is 0 or 1. POINTS are: (-3.87, 1), (-4, 0), (4, 0) and (3.87, 1)
Find where () = 1 2 + 16 = 1 15 = 2 = 15

Domain of = (): { } Range of = (): { }

(e)

() = . +

= . +

Domain of = (): { } Range of = (): { } Invariant Points:

Are on the graph of () where the value (y-coordinate) is 0 or 1. EXCEPT () is never 0! POINT is: (0, 1)

Domain of = (): { } Range of = (): { }

2.
Domain of (): or Range of ():

Invariant points where value of () is 1 or 0. (4 total)

Domain of () is defined by the zeros of (), as () is not defined between these points. (Not defined where () is negative, cant square root a negative!)

3.

Invariant points where () is 1 or 0.

*This question can also be solved graphically

() = :

4. NR If the domain of the radical function () = 23 5 + 71 is , then the value of , correct to the nearest tenth, is _______. 4.6
Whatever is under the square root sign must be positive. (More specifically, greater than or equal to 0!) 23 23 : 5 5 23 5 0 23 5

() = :

5.

Invariant points where value of () is 1 or 0. (4 total)

One option is to graph the horizontal lines = 1 and = 0 and count the intersections!

6. MC: If () = 3 and () = 2 + 2 + 1, then an expression for (()) is: A. 3 + 23 + 1 C. 3 + 6 + 1 D. 9 2 + 6 + 1 B. 9 2 + 23 + 1 = (3)2 ()2 + 23 + 1 = (3)2 + 23 + 1

7. If () is a quadratic function in the form = 2 + + with > 0 and a vertex on the -axis, determine the domain and range of = (). = () is all reals.
{ } { }

If the vertex is on the -axis (and the lead coefficient is positive) then () is never negative. So the domain of

Alberta Ed Learning Outcome: Find the zeros of a radical function graphically and explain their relationship to the -intercepts of the graph and the roots of an equation.

Like all equations in this course, radical equations can be solved either alnebraically, or nraphically. Consider the equation 4 = 3 Mathematical Reasoning: First think what number do we square root to get 3? Answer: 9 Answer: = Graphing: Option 1 Then think, what number would we subtract 4 from to get 9? The solutions (or roots) of a radical equation are the same as the -intercpets of the function. We can solve this equation by:

Our goal is to rid the left side of the square root sign, so that we can isolate = ()2 Answer: = 4 = 9
2

Squarinn both sides:

Graph 1 = 4 & 2 = 3 Find point(s) of intersection

Set max to some value greater than 10, since the solution must lay between the min and max.

Set equation to zero: 4 3 = 0 Option 2

Graph 1 = 4 3 and find zeros.

First: isolate the square root term

1. Algebraically solve the following equations:

= =

(a) 5 3 = (11)2
2

Check: substitute back 3 in the original equation

116

(Move the radical term to the Right Side so the lead coefficient can be made positive.)

5 3(

121 = 11

116 ) = 11 3

(b) 3 47 2 = 13
= = = () =

2. Use your graphing calculator to determine the -intercept(s) of the functions. State any restrictions on the
variable.
1 (a) = 2 6 + 3 Restriction: 2

You will have to adjust (enlarge) your window to see the -intercept. Copy your graph and label the intercept here. (Provide a scale on each axis.)

(b) = 2 2 + 1 11 No Restriction .

3. Algebraically solve the following equations. Nearest hundredth where necessary. (a)
=

= =

= ()

2 6 = 3 2
1

First: isolate the square root term (multiply both sides by 2)

(b) 2 2 + 1 = (11)2
= = + = =
2

4. Solve the following equation algebraically and graphically.

+ + = = = ( )( + )

( + 3)2 = 2 2 7 = or

1 = ( + 3) 2 2 7 Graphically: 2 = 0 =

() + 3 = 2()2 7
CHECK each solution:

11 = 121

() + 3 = 2()2 7 1 = 1