1

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

cyf
nguhrh K.t.

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

nkdh khyf jnguha
nkdh w tUifnguha,
fnghah gfiyfHf, bg

kthrf ggf
31, f bjU,ghKid,
brid-600 008

cyf nguhrh K.t.

Kj g

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

: Vu, 2012.
UtSt ML-2043
iu

c ik

: MaF

iy

: %. 50.00

giu
cyfnguhrh K.t.vD y bgUjif
K.t. jwig vLa wghd Ka.
cybfF mP K.t. mtf whL
Hhit bfhlhotU ntis kthrf
ggf iy btLt bgUkailwJ.

kthrf ggf btpL v:

gnyW r_f mJiwfY MHfhgl wdh

ths kiwkiy yFtdh K. gKfghfhd
Mwiy wgl ssh.
K.t.mtf f midij a
nfhzf Ritja cj Lnfh.
a mQFKiwf Mfj MWgLJ
tfho.
K.t.mtf
fUJKur.

ilFlf:

kthrf yf
12, , nky rd, jgu-608 001.
04144-230069
31,f bjU,ghKid,brid-600 108
044-25361039
6,tPhd bjU, .ef, brid-600 017
044-24357832
110, tlF Mt _y , kJiu-625 001 0452-2622853
15,uhr ,nfhaK-641 001.
0422-2397155
296/134,br rhiy,nry-636007.
0427-4030709
28, e nfh bjU, Uuhg-620 002. 0431-2706450

wfis

cyFFzJ

kthrf ggf bghHh w btplhf

Kidt uh.nkhf mtf aa K.t.fsa
btlglJ.
nghJ K.t.whL Hh w btplhf
bttUwJ.
cybffQ guthG j ya Mtyf
id tuntW nghWt vd enwh.

r.bk. dh nrhkRju

cyf nguhrh K.t.

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

j kWkyna j Fnfh vd
thehbsyh ciHj
U bgUnguhaf
idit ngh . . . . .

nguha .yFtdhUl
nguha K.t.

cyf nguhrh K.t.

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

bgwtuh sFwh. M befY ad gilj

yikahsuhf sFwh.

mJiu
- . Rju_
K.t. whL Hh j cy L xU a
kWkyia clhsJ. nguha K.t. mtfl
gw khztf mtj idit idJ bewhf.
Mthsf mtUila M beKiwia ngh k
whf. mgf mtj khDlneaij ghuhLwhf.
mtl bjhl bfhnlh mt fhoa nguig idJ
cUFwhf.
lhl K.t. mtf jHf eytfshf tyt
fshf thH ntL vW Udhf. ehblF elJ
bfhoUF K.t. whLHh mt eytuhf,
tytuhf thj beia bkJ bfhLsJ.
ya mgf mtUila gilf fhQ va
bkheilia fL ajd. matiw vikahf
vLJiuF brhyhwiy nghd. IgJ MLfSF
K a Jiwfis K.t. mtf j khztfF
vLJiujij el TWwd.
brw jiyKiw kfhJth dhRju
isia R NUj khztfis mnth.
yikf mthj khztfis kfhJth cUth
aijnghy j jiyKiw Kt mtf j khztfis
mznthL cUthdh. Ma khzt cw jij kf
cwnghy mikUjij mtUila khztf idJ
beJ ciuJktJ iwa jiyKiwdUF aig
mfTL.
Kt mtf fLikahd ciHgh cUtha vgF
nkgl ma f mtj guj j yikia Jik
befhQ nghif vLJiuF. j nguhafS
gilyaJiwY MJiwY mt f

wdh mP nguha yFtdh kiwkiy

mtf vGa cyf nguhrh Kt vD Kt
mtfSila gywyikia isa jiyKiwF
vLJiuF tif mikJsJ.
mrd PhW vdjF mHa UKfK br
brhyh beiraS ehtik gifaah gsK
vbghUsthf bry brhY Ekh EiHyK K.t.
vD xU bgaiu jh vf fhy ell fnlh.
mtiu K.t. thf xUtU idfiy. UtStuhf,
fyuhf, euuhf fUndh. rf rhnwh midtiu
mt t fnlh. vd isa jiyKiwdl
bgUj bghfTW th v nghnwhF
ilJsJ. vW yha Kt mtf bgUikia
csiwnthL ygLJth.
fhynjhW j tsF rhnwh bjhlh
tUwd. ts uhkf mof, ntjehaf, kndh
ka Rjudh, gkhfiyP, ghuah, kiwkiyaofsh,
jbjw Uf vd jHP gyU j nkikia
cyFzd. jid bjhlJ yFtdhU, Kt
jGF Ma msga bjhoid yha t
wh. tfSila ma ciHgh rf ya vf
ya vD bgUj cz jkfilna Vgl
czit sfkhf ciugh. tUila e, j
cz bgJ nghw jFjit vgJ rhnwhiu
nghWJ vD ayh eF sF.
Kt mtf bjhiynehF jid aFajh
sFwJ. khl th VgL ffSF Kt
jidf fhztyd. UtSt myJ thif
sf vD tStF xU Jiuahf kLk
fhy btsij jho vfhy KndwF tfhL
fyfiu sfkhf fG vgh.
ifL vD bfhLFwF fhuz vd
vgij Kt vLJiugh.

cyf nguhrh K.t.

ngh mwbe HJ bfLtUtjh VgL ngHig Kt

Ros w iwa ngh NHYF bghUtUtij
fhLth.
fhyJ nghnuh KiwawJ; beawJ;
tugwJ. if bfhl Fo MwYF
VwthW xUt W ngiu bfhyyh. whu
ngiu bfhyyh. nfhofzfhdtiu
bfhW Ffyh. bfhtjbfW j
nghfsK Fj neuK iy. fl
lbkyh FL ryh. idj neubkyh
FL ryh. bgUghY jfhgw lij
bayh v mgJ, VkhJ nrhJ F
neu Obud FJ FL mgJ tHf.
xjgililatfis flh m xJ
jfh njo bfhtJ, bkahiu flh
tik fho Ro brtJ tHf.
vW Kt nghiu g TWtij W mik fhy
fL midtU JaUw bria mnth. it nghw
gtif bjhiynehF jidfis fLzJ
mjFjf cyf thid brikw M bfhSj
ntL.
Kt gilya FJ mP gyU Muh
Jsd. tif mP f.j. UehfuR mtf vGa
nguha K.tujuhrdh gil ya vD
MY, lhl uh.nkhf vGa lhl K.t.
ehtf vD M Y Fljfd.
Kt ehtf isPfilna a vGia
VgLd. ehtf tU fij khjf bgafis
mfhy j FHijfSF No kjd.
thif ffis vbfhS ikia ehtf
Cod. khDl rKjhanfw bghJthd mwGafis
jeht _y gilJ fhodh K.t. Kt ga j
eil Ga cslfK FJ y whdhthsf
khwhd jidia Kitjd. Kt gilf
yakW vnghUF t yha ca
kWiufis tH Kt gilwij nghWtJ
FljfJ.

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

Kt X mffhahsuhf, iufiy jfuhf

anyna mikJs wij iufiy jf vD
fLiu fhL. mtj gilf t fhgLJ
fiyia yha f Egkhf tJsh.
mik Kt mtf whL Hh btplhf
ghiya Kt fLiu fsa vD U bjhFfis
btLsJ. Kidt uhk snfh to tuhj 242
fLiufis bjhFjJsh. ghiya U mknrh
mtf jid btLsh. ma bjhFf Kt
mtf gKf wig fLikahd ciHig
fhLtd. fLiufis ga X ma kLiuahs
yha tHsik FljfJ. 1560 gff
bfhl bjhFf Kt fLiu tsF rhwhf
miktd.
khztf j j whdh fiyia tsJ
bfhs bgJ gagLtd Kt whd f.
f njha fhy it Jiw njha
Kndho fshf fUjbgwd. nkiy ya wdh
befis v J bfhS tz f
mikJsd.
rf g mjd Ktfis fwY vd
mikjh ku Fj bjit yaFa
mQFKiwia vjhf bgwKo.
ciu TWtY sfkgY neuij brYtj
jHhafis wdhthsfshf kha bgUik K.titna
rhU vd yha TWtJ FljfJ. ya
wdh f fhQ nkiyehL mPf
fUJfis mKfgLa f bjhFig fhQnghJ
Kt gujgl g eik a MJ.
Kt ..2000 vD jkJ fdyf fhL id
ya fhf xbthiw ciHig ikagLna
mikJsh. f, Muh, yf, bghGJnghF, njj,
MKiw, jlid midJnk ciHig ika bfhljhfnt
mikJsik FljfJ. K.t. Fwf fHhj
brikahd fhyij fhziHwh. kj ciknahL
thG rkiy rKjhaij fhziH cyf nguPuhf

10

cyf nguhrh K.t.

10

11

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

11

cyf nguhrhdhf Kt sFwh vd Koiuwh

yha.
U tifgL. jfhyF eik miHJ
brtJ xW. e fhyF jh tJ cjtJ kbwhW.
iy fF Kiw Utif. thG fhyij kwJ
vGa fhyF fgid wF bfhL gwJ brW
bghUisfgJ xUtif. vGa fhy vJthD
mijL thG fhynf tJ tfhL goahf iy
ngh fgJ xUtif.
ytUy W yakhf kL nghwgL f
Kj tifia rhjit, l tif fnsh vyh
kfSF gagLtdth M rlfisl
brthF ciladth kf csfns nfhfsh
thtd vW nga K.t. f tifghLfis
g mit gagLkhiw vLJgh.
tif Kt aa f kf midt cs
fY W vbwW gagL fshf sFwd.
yha wdhtP nguha kiwkiy mtf
cyf nguhrh K.t. vD Kt mtf gKf
Mwfis siuwh.
nga . kiwkiy mtf fhy ya
wdhy fJ sFgt. jijah tW
xYtifbayh jGF bjhlh tUgt.
Kt.whL HhNH btahF Kt
mgfSF isa jiyKiwF bgJ gagL
yhF.
Kt mtf j berij ngh vGJ yha
mtf jGF ilj a tu. etu.
bjw
16, ghu bjU
Ukiyef
bgUFo, brid - 600 061

- . Rju_

ghUJ K.t. khzhf

nguha bgr byngh
tHF ghuhLiu
.it. jhnkhjudhU c.nt.rh. Xiy RtoUJ
iwl rf yaf yik mu L
iwgld' vw t ( gf 4 ) vid f ftjJ.
cik Tl!
- Kidt K;t mtf gilfis ga jf
gUJ ghit ma Ujhf mikJsJ.
- mt vJ gofhkny mt gilfis g
mJbfhs eF cj.
(mt fis goUgjhf ghtid brnthU
cUthf TL!)
- xbthU gfY xbthU jkhf xL
itu mt vgij mHfhf bjhFUf.
(jHPuhf, nguhauhf, gilghahf, ya
wdhthsuhf...)
- mt khzhfuhf ah Uj fhy ah fl
mnj nfhz -'iufiyjf'- ghit mtiu
wghf gl oUf. iugl cyif g
mj bjh Eg g mt ngr nfL gyKiw
aUnw. Jtiu ahU mahj, fhlhj
nfhz mtiu jhf fhoaJ g bgJ

cyf nguhrh K.t.

12

12

knw. v khztfSF ygfhu elJnghJ,

fhy iugl Jiw lbgW bjh Egfshd
flash-back, fade-inn, fade-out... nghwd y vgo l
bgWsd vd mt tia g s cns.
mt gilfis FiwJ kl KaY fhy
bgU jiyfSF' ey rfo bfhLJf! eW,
eW, e eW!
- ya w g mt vGa f My
f jhf mf cL vgij mtlnk brh
thL . Unw. mnghJ vyh v sik Joig
jijF ca ghrnjhL bghWiknahL bghWJ
bfhL jf sf bfhLUwh. mjid v
nghJ benw.
vid bghUjtiu, ya wdh ijia
j berf ijjt mtjh.
....
vdnt,
v be mW W vW W thG
nguha bgUjifF f nrF tz jf
mikJsJ FJ v kit beit el
bjJbfhnw.
jf ms,

bgr byngh

13

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

13

Kfiu
bgUjif K.t. mtf whL Hh
cybffQ bfhlhl gL tUwJ. mnj ntis
jkWkyF K.t. gf vjifaJ
vgijnah mt gKf ghfhd Mw gnah J
mahj isP jiyKiw jTWeYybfF
gusJ. j Ku jHhty midtuhY
Maglntoa xwhF.
nguha K.t. mtf gilf FJ
isajiyKiwg y vkiwahd fnzh
lJl fhzgLtij eh kWjiy.jF
nkyhf K.t. mtfsh ngh ghuhlgL brhnyh
af lgL kfkw guggl rf ya
iwa Mthsuh kW() th bragLtJ
Fl jfJ.
jwdhF tikthj fhnfh Wat
f xUtuha K.t. mtf wdhf
wffgLtJ xUwK mt wdh mQFKiw
wjsgLtJ kbwhU wK fJtUtij
ftd bfhthy.
jF NH K.t. vD gfiyjf gKf
ghfhd Mwiy cyFF mF Ka Kjik
njitahF.
isa jiyKiwd jidia sl
br nehfK a Mths wfF

14

cyf nguhrh K.t.

14

15

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

15

vFu KHF Kid vGl fhuzkhd.

K.t. f cyF cjF ca t ciugd.khl
khgiljF fUJs VgLJtd. csa
ff fisjF cu nrF wthjd.
r_f nehf y kj d xWnrjF
tiuF gna K.t. nehfkhUjJ. fLiu,
foj, d, Wfij, brhnyha vd midJ ya
tiffis jkJ Ga Fnfh cybfyh gujnf
K.t. gagLbfhlh.

bghUslf
1.

KDiu

17

jF rhnwh izaw wf xU y
ag gLsd.

2.

rhnwhiu nghWJ

19

jkWky jiHl it nghw f

gagL vd enw.

3.

bjhiynehF jidahs K.t.

27

4.

vGJyf Vj K.t.

33

ml,

5.

iufiyjf K.t.

47

kiwkiy yFtdh

6.

K.t. fLi ufsa

xU gwit ghit

61

wdhths K.t.

73

i z

101

cyfnguhrh K.t.

107

7.

8.

16

cyf nguhrh K.t.

16

17

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

17

KDiu
whL Hh bfhlho bgUji f K. t.
mtfis cyF nghW ntis mtuJ jwig
sF byhW gilfntL vD iHl
bttUwJ.
bghif bjw jtG Jikeil rf
rhnwh bris Ritu s brhnyha gy
tiujj ts K.t.vdyh. vjifa MuthuK
ji k mQ flhk mikahf bjh lh xU
fUJu njhWj uahs K.t. vd KY
bghUJ. d yaJiw a tuyhW giljh.
rf y a M, bkha M, wdh
nfhghL, r_f z ya, jdif
f, MSikw tsF ya, rhnwh
tuyhW, Wt ya, Wt yfz , gaz
ya, foj ya, bkhbga yhf,
Wfij, ehlf, yatuyhW vd Ji wnjhW
jGF bjhL brj nguP mt xUtnu. mt
tF jj UFw ciu uL nfho gof
Wsik X cyfrhjidahF.
gjf mtuh bgUikwd. UJf mtiu
njo iujd.vD mtiw xJ jsnt mt
Kidjh.mgf kd nehf TlhJ vd mtiw
VWbfhlhY a nguuR tHa Uid Vf
kW j mtuJ J JwsK fha gho
gbraglntoait vdyh.thG fhy mt

18

cyf nguhrh K.t.

18

xJjdhY mt beLJYwnghJ a muR

mtUF wf utzf brYj gjJ.
mtUF murkahijl Wfl fjglik
j nguhafSF- V mid J fahs
fSFnk - bgUj czoaJ; jGF bragl
wbgd nghwglJ.
jdFtik yh wf fis gilj
gJl mikJlhJ jFthj khztfis cUthF
t mt bgJ ftd brYdh. jijah
f oJ jhah Ja khztfis mt
jLjhbfhl w midJ MafS ff
ntoa ghlkhF. Lrh nguhauhf girag
fF mt fnrj gw gy jiyKiwfsh
g}whL fhy ngh fHgL.
mrd PhW vd jF mHa UKfK
brbrhyh beiraS ehtik gifaah
gsK vbghUsthf brybrhY Ekh
Ei HyK K. t.v D xU bgaiu jh vf
fhy ell fnlh.mtiu K.t.thf xU ehS
i d f i y . U t St uh f , f y uh f , e uu hf
fUndh.rf rhnwh midtiu mt t
fnlh .vd isa ji yKiwdl bgUj
bghf TW th v nghnwhF ilJsJ.
m bgUjif whL iw nghJ
mtiu ga y jufisbaD bjhFJ yh
juntL vD iHdh awglJ.
D gy f vGtjF mt Fj Mf
bjhltjF xU Lnfhyh mik vgJ
v eif.

19

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

19

2. rhnwhiu nghWJ

_ j

ehff w Kj y atsK
bgnwha jehL,rffhyF d rh
r flJ.ikj m kJ gift
bfhLik tU khkh jjh jjh.
rkaf.tyh rHff bfhLnfhik
jkfSF gHnghd.
xU w flnfhS kb whU w khwh
gilbaL jyij FWd. cyfbghJik
ciuj jya rka ntWikfSF fs
mikJbfhLjJ. vyh rkafS a j
irwd vD ms iw fhzntoa iy
VglJ.
s zF rY K w M
moikgL JWtJ b jhlfijahf nghd J.
Inuha fhy bgw ntWb khf ehL
bkhia nghW ehlij VgLaJ tuyhW fhL
ijf xW.
ts uhkf mofshU nkij ntjehafU
kndhka RjudhU jtsF fhnfh
WaJl jkWkyia njhWjd. ghuahU
gkhfiyPU kiwkiyaofS U..f j
kWky gfis bjhljd. bgah Rakahij
af mtfsJ gfSF jf y mikJ
bfhLjJ.

20

cyf nguhrh K.t.

20

My M mfwJ; aUehL nj
Ljiy bgwJ. Ljiy bgw eho jaf W
bfhblH muafs bgahU mzh
ya mu ghujhrD mtku j fPfS
ki wkiy aof, U ..f. t ia ngh w
jHPfS KidJ gahd.
.it.jhnkhjudhU c.nt.rh. XiyRto
UJ iwl rf yaf yik mu L
iwgld.
jd jait T jW s
bjH L Mw thj rf yafis
jf yi kLF Fwhk Mbr J, jf
fUJfSF munrf mul Kanwh
gy;rf yafis kfkw brthFl
cyhtu brlntLbkd mPf Ut Kid
bjGjd.
xUt y Ftd h;k bwhUt K.t. 1936-M
MoUnj jh gahw br lbk yh
bjhfha Ueh,UtSt Ueh,xsitah
Ueh,snfh mof Ueh vd ytfSF
Hhf el UFw bjhlb ghf
f fsgahdh yFtdh. 1944-
beiy rf yaij tffl
vnth vbwhUt nga ngrh cjgLrf
y a v D thu jiH eldh. U
fliyvW rf yaij fJTa beiy
bghthsJ Fw ahbjhW iybadnt nguha
yFtdh fUdh. nj Ca gyhRisbad
kf kw rfbr ikia vLJiuf
yt sbjGjh j gbrhiy fyhbkd

21

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

21

cyf nguhrh K.t.

22

22

Kidjh.rf ghlfis Wfij toY Xuf

ehlftoY gilJ j j btLtjh.
nguh a yFtdh, jehblF brW
U Fw bgh fdh. U Fw khehL
eldh. ehnjhW UFw tFf eldh. c
_Rstiu bjhfhaK UFwS jH U
ffvd kfSF vLJiugny g flh.
rf ya vwh vd vW m ahjtU
mjbjhliu nflahjtU gy. j iy jHf
oj ewW.

vd tUJ K.t. (beLbjhif UJ - KDiu)

rf ya vwh vkJ vkJ vW bgUjJl
vQ berK TW eh Fj ntL. (nkyJ.)
vW TaJl mikahJ miy khl jkJ f _y
Kawh.

kz L( 1948), UtSt myJ thif

sf (1948), khj(1950), Xt br (1950), fz
(1950), Kiy iz(1952), beLbjhif UJ(1952),
FWbjhif UJ(1953), eiz UJ(1953), rf
ya aif (1954) eiz brt (1954), FW
bjhif brt (1955), beLbjhif brt (1955),
eilto(1955), bfhFnj thif(1955), yt f
(1957), j ber(1957), snfh mof (1959), ya
fhf (1961), Fw fhL fhjy(1968),vd mtFJ
wgl K.t. f cyf flahj Jik.vj
bkhY bra yafis Jiz eagl
Ritu brhnyhafshaJ iy bad
fnwh aJghuhL tif K.t. yhfg
ww mikjJ.

23

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

23

xbthU khybkh mPfS jf jf bkh

mikJs gila ya, gghL wig jh thG
cikbgw kWky fhy isPfSF tHFtij j
vG Fnfhshf bfhlJ nghy K.t. gil j
yakha rf yaij mKfgLJt wghf
K wh.

(K.t.-bgh.brsuhr -g.97)

vD TW e MFaJ. rf yaJF x
ctik v bkhY ilahJ vgJ.K.t. fUJ.
e j bk h rf ya n jha fhy,
cyfny gy bkhf vGJ bgwhj fhy;gy ngiraahj
f gHfhy;gy bkhf fnah fhankh njhwhj
bjhikahd fhy; mjifa gHikahd fhy wj
yatsij bgW saJ e j.

- (K.t.fLiu fsa:g.328)

vd mGj Ujkhf j bjhikia rf

ya gHikia mWLiuwh K.t.
gHfhy eho Ubkh kL Ujd.
kwitbayh ngr gL tj bkhf; bfhir
bkhf(nkyJ g. 434) vd j bjhikia
kL mj brbkh jFiyia K.t. mnw
Tsh.
f ggl ehffij eY Fj bjhik
thj ya jH j Kndh L brw
fUJ fUykhf fwJ. mjid Ulo
bra y Kawd. jH midtUF
fUyij milahs fhlntL vD vznk
nguha . yFtdhiu K.t. mtfis
aaJ.

24

cyf nguhrh K.t.

24

jeho tlnf xUtU bjnf xUtU vd

U jHPfS Ma ciHdh rf ya
vf y a v D b gUj czit k f
bgwd. mua mu iuglf y a
j f vd rf y a vF cyhtu
bjhlaJ.
nguha .yFtdh eltj Fwbe
jiH K.t. bjhlJ goJtjJl th neUfh
mr mil _y jkJ fUJfis bjJ
tjh.
KU f j bjh knk vD fU ij
tWJ jHz bjhlfLiu Fwbe
bttjnghJ j kdKtj ghuhLjiy fLiu
ahaUF Fwbe jGF K.t.bjjh.
mtuJ kliy ifgli j Fwb e j
Kf gf btlh nguha .yFtdh.
xj fUJila xyh rhnwh Ut bfGa
e Ga geyD mah y jtwhd fUJfis
btl ntisY Ut e Fk ms
Fwiy.
kJ iu gfi yfH f Jizntj gjF
Ut bgaU iwgoa btlgld.
kWeh K.t. mtf bganu njbgwjhf m
tjJ eh gjia Ugiy.bridnyna
vGJg Mg Mwnt iHnj.vJ
J fglJ. vd K.t.T dh.. ehlj
ewHPUF gj tHfgLsJ . vd nt
vdF gj juiy vd muir FiwTWtJ jtW.
vd nguha .yFtdh btgilahfnt jkJ

25

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

25

egfl Tdh. bkhcik nghuhF gj

tHfiy vd muir FiwT y ya j
fS vGd. thW TWnth ahfij iyngRtJ
jtW vd mahk iH brwhf. m U T J
t hW F i wT Wt i j W bfhSf vd
ciknahL nguha .yFtdh mj jHhty
f i s f o J b f h l h K . t . mtfSF jkJ
csfj thJfis cldoahf mDitjh.
jeho jtFiwah nguha .yFtdh
cl ey Fiwth J W jk J mWgJ_ W
mfitnyna kiwwntis 1973 br j g
_wh eh itfiw cldoahf tJ jkJ jkJ
fHria brYat Ut. xUt jehlu
rh tj mikr v.. eluhr mtf; kbwhUt
kJiu gfiyfHf Jizntj K.t.
thjfhy kL wY UtU
xWi kia y gLd .1973 brjg(3/9 /73)
yFtdh fGl vdh.1974 mFnjhg(10/10/74)
K.t.. fGl vdh
20 10M ML Kj 201 1 ti u nguh a
.yFtdh whLHh cybfF eljJ. 2011
bjhl 2012- iwit neh K.t. whLHh
cybffQ bfhlhlgLtUwJ.
j thH, jd vG bgw, thehbsyh
ciHj bgUjif K.t. bgUikia ghbuF
vLJiuF tif gy gf nkbfhsgL
tUwd.
K.t. mtf fsh gabgwt, K..t.
thj fhy mtUila bghfis nfFth

26

cyf nguhrh K.t.

26

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

27

27

bgwt vW bgUj bfhtJl mikJlhk

mtuJ whLHh mtfTW byhW
gilfntL vD iHnt vid caJ.
isa ji yKiw K.t. fi s gW
gabgwntL. mtj fUJ fUy jeho
jbgU brhJ vD cikia czuntL.
mt Ma g mUikia mantL. cy
mid Jbk hf Y bk hbga braglh
cyfkhjmidtUF gaeL, kdey nrF
Mw thj xgw yafis K.t. gilJsh
vD cikia czJtnj nehfkhF.

3.bjhiynehF
jidahs K.t.

P K. t. mtf nguha kh
yha MSikeyK MwK gil
fiy tik ciuaha Eik idJ idJ
nghwFad;iw jiyKiwdF vLaggl
ntoad. vD tD nkyh mtuJ bjhiy
nehF jidw khltuyh bghndngh
ngh gJ itfjfJ vdyh.
khlth VgL ffSF cldo
fshf ytiw gJiu brnwh. mjifa
f fhy Xl gadwitah Ltij d
e glth bjnwh. jiyKiwgy flJ jFf
ey isfis eF fis vghgtnu
bjhiynehF jidahs vd Ffjft.
jifa bjhiynehF jidahs tir K.t.
mtf Kdduhf sFwh.
UtSt myJ thif sf vD K.t.
mtf tStF Jiuahf kLk,
fhybtsij jho, vfhy Knd wF
tfhL fyfiu sfkhf UFw ftjid
cyFF ciuF ma M yhf sFwJ.
xU y vLJfhLfis bfhL jid fLiu
sf KawJ.

28

cyf nguhrh K.t.

28

iw Jik nehf wdhths gy UFw

tGfhQ Ka jiygLs. tSti u
Fwth TonyW mdhj Mf eLiy
jik vD Kf_oaJ KnghF jid vD
kKo ffgL fhy khzhfiu irU
Ka btbgW tUtjid fhnwh.
bgtnrw vD tStj mfhu mtuJ
Mzhf nghid fhLtjhf gy Mthsf
W guf ng vG tUj fTL. mjifa
Miufis gojd K.t. mtf UtSt
myJ thif sf vD iy xUKiw goJ
ghUf. iw Mths dbkyh TWt vd
vneh mtj idJiuF bghUjkhd kWig
K.t.tHsjid fhzyh.
k wtfSF Ugdngh eifbgUf
ntL; glhil bgUik ntL, khif th
ntL,gtif bghUw ntL vbwyh
kid a iH i Hnt fzt kh eL iy
wF yr bfhLikF W fhuzkhf
csJ vgij v ghfntL. (g.207)
ifL vD bfhLFwF fhuz vd
vgjid K.t. thW b jWsh. bghJ
eikia fUjhk, ifL th gz FJ
FLgthifia cabfhs Kidgtf
jtwhd nghF mtfsJ kida jdyK xU
fhuz vd K.t.TWtjid kWf ayhJ.
Vidnah gyU ifL th bgUbghU
<LnghJ j fzt kL ifahyhfhjtdhf,
iHf bjahjtdhfUgij bghWJbfhs
Koahk kidbgh vGwh.

29

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

29

m flikz cs fztndh,kid
UgF zf kWwh.ggl kidah mt
csij czJ UJwh; iyah nghuhLwh.
nghuhl fzt <LgLwh; cWstdhdh,mtis
bghUgLjhk bghJflikia eLiynahL brwh,
cW Fiwjtdhdh, mila mt bernk mtid
btwJ. bky bky mt t mt elwh.Jnt
bg tn rw vg J. (g .20 8) vD K.t. TW
tStij kLk fhy thKiwid sFwJ.

jid Jbfhshj y bg
vW ija brhnfnsvW bgiz gJiuF
Mzhf nghidna tStU gWtjhf
Fw rhLwd. jifnahUF K.t. jf kWbkh
gfwh..
UtSt MQF bgQF xj cik eF
rhnwh vgjid F kwj TlhJ. MQF bg
m lF bg z oik jik FL g Kn dwij
FiyftyJ; mJnghynt bgQF M mlelF
Mzoik jik bghJthifia bfLftyJ.
Mifah bghJflikia nk bfhlt Ma M,
bgQF melF aig fowh. (g.210)

bghJth if <L gL M, kid

othjjh U Ki dfSF i l jgij
tSt awh.

cyf nguhrh K.t.

30

30

thifF b ghJthifF
ilnaahd Ku ghL
(mlti z K. t. fU ij mogilahf
bfhlikfglJ.).

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

31

gilj UtSt my J thif sf

bgUJiz . iy xUKiw gwhny iw
NHYnfg mtj jid mikUgJl tU
cyfnghF Vw KnghF fUJfis mt
tHsik btgL.

thif

bghJthif

kid

id

yh

eyh

kidah

idahik

gaglhk bghJmF gagL tUjiy UtStnu

eDjyh

elh

czJ czJ nghiu btgilahf Twhklh vW

bg Vt

mw, bghU

kfshY ngh btWfgL vW czJ nghuw fhyF

bgnrj ngijik

v nrj ber

gagLkhW vGdh vW fUj ljUwJ (g.117) vW

taj , ldj , fhykj M atiw

fhy NHYnfg bghU bfhs ntL vd K.t.
iHwh.
(g.115)
ngh mwbe HJ bfLtUjiy, bghJ eikF

vz njhWwJ; vfhy mPfshY bghJ

TW K.t. iw ngh bfhLikia sF tzid

d Fwghf fUJfis bjhFJ,

bghJthifF thifF vgL Kufis,
ugL fhL K.t., tSt csfUij
bj awh.

beir mty fhia tHFwJ.

Mfnt, bg b gUjf ahs? vW

cyfij da UtSt bgfis jhdh
vW T j gFia rhwhf fhL tJ
bghUjhJ. vd K.t.bjWJtJ rhy bghUJ.

tiu bfhW Ffyh. bfhtjbfW jnghfsK

1948-M Mo btlbgw iw
Jnehf wdhthsfis KW mWJ ngh
mikJsik K.t. mtf bjhiy nehF rhW
vdyh.

nkY nk Y bgU FbkD K.t.

mtf bjhiynehFjidia bjl mt

31

fhyJ nghnuh KiwawJ; beawJ; tugwJ;

if bfhl Fo MwYF VwthW xUt Wngiu
bfhyyh; whu ngiu bfhyyh; nfhofzfhd
Fj neuK iy. fl lbkyh FL ryh; idj
neubkyh FL ryh; bgUghY jfhgw lij
bayh v mgJ, VkhJ nrhJ F neu
Obud FJ FL mgJ tHf. xj gil cilat
fis flh m xJ jfh njo bfhtJ,
bkahiu flh tik fho RL bfhtJ tHf.
(g.114)

K.t. mtf fhL beaw bfhLnghKiwia

mik, yif fnlh.I.eh.mik fo
Jiuj mj ngh bfhLFwfis K.t. UJ

32

cyf nguhrh K.t.

32

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

33

foUjh ber zh tUUgh. MD

tUtJiuF m bjhiynehFzths 2009, nk
f gndG gbdlh ehf fj bfhL
brafis IgnjG MLfSF Kng(1948-)
mLiujiy fhf.
nghF vW tjtfis njo bfhyhk,
gJF bghJkfis Xo x bgfis
MokG FHijfis UF l njo, rij,
nfh, gTl, kUJtiya vW bjJ
FL bfhtij j fhyJ ngh fhzyh.
(g.114)
m mwD ngh kgij eybgW k
UF iy cUthl ehS J ey fUJfis
e cs Cl j vGJfsh thehbsy
Ka w K. t. W eKl i ybaD mt
i dit nghW tif mt whi l
bfhlho knwh. D g}W MLfSF
ga eF bjhiynehFila mtj fUJUJf
ethF tfhL fyfiusfkhf fwd.
e bkhF dF ehoF bgUiknrF
mtj fis MJ fW anjh cyF cUthl
eh xbthUtU Kidjh mJnt K.t.mtfSF
eh brYJ efldhF.

33

4. vGJyf Vj K.t.

df goJ Ritgjfhf, bghGJ nghF

fhf vD tif mikjit. mwhl ftiyfis
kwJ fgidy fUf MWgLJ td
df vdyh.Cgogjfhd fhafSF
y xWikf csd.thif gntW iyfis
gntW nfhzf gtif geybfhl fij
khj _y vLJiugd vD tif bthWik
fis fhzyh . M fhaf Xneu
vjhf gojFa ghFilad my.
bk hyik bfh nlhUfhd fhaf,
bkha bgwtf midtU gofjf df
v D Utif yaf K.t. df
gilgij jkJ nehfkhfbfhlh.
iunjhL kj thif Kiw dfns
br thF f yafshf sF v D
cikia mt czj ntis (1944) df
g ghF ntWtif mikUjd.
iHkj eil tGf fUJfis bfhl
ikj dfns m fhy Faha Ujd. jukhd
eil mikj d fS bt tjd ; Md h
mt cuthj rKjhaghit iy.
xU y muarh fUJfis bfhL mikj
dfis giljjd. vD kf kdf

34

cyf nguhrh K.t.

34

ko lF f fis flJ nrhj

csF b jg F fUJ fis bfhl
dfis gilJ Jik isjh K.t.
bjhiynehFzl wj fUJfis mJ
kj cs nkgL tz d gilf xUt
KidJsh vD bria cyf m tif
brjhkiubttjJ.
K.t. dfis ga M fJtJ
nehfk W. vD mjifa Mid
iHnth Kidt f.j.UehfuR aa nguha
K.tujuhrdh gilya vD Miy
gyyh. thd j M (390 gff) K.t.
dfis ga brthd M fsJ.
K.t. ji y khzhffS xUtuha Ki dt
f.j.UehfuR UFw ya vD jkJ
Yfhf rha mfhbj UJ bgwt.UFw
MYj ya MY tuyhW MY
jw Wa mP.
gi l y a, df mik, id
fijf nehF nghF, fiyw vD ehF
af K.t. d g MHkhf Eikahf
MJsh.
nguha K.t. g KjKj vGat
Kidt uh. nkhf Mth. K.t.it g Fahd
fis vGat v D ghuhLF cat.
tUila lhl K.t. ehtf vD M f
a M vd nghwjfJ.
gbdhW afis bfhlikj j M
gbdhU nfhzf ekF brfis tHFwJ.

35

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

35

K.t. g_W dfis Kj a ekF

mKf gLJ wJ. u lh a fUbghU ,
nehFiyf, tUzidf vd mtuJ dfis
gFghbrwJ. _wh a fijkhjiuga
Mthf sFwJ. ehfh a K.t. df
FLgthif vthW vLJiufgLsJ vd
MwJ. K.t. eileyid sFwJ Ijh a.
Mwh a K.t. rKjhanehF wghf
vLJiufgLwJ. K.t. df fhzyhF
F bghU ga Mid VHh a fhnwh.
d MJiw a tjl wF ma M
vd jid nghwntL. a Mthsf jid
Kkhahf bfhL Mfj Kglh j
dfis a nfhz fhgjF cjbkg
Jl eLiyahd M jiHf ttFF vg
Iaiy. K.t. df kj vgJ Fj
vlh a yar_fa Fljf Ka
ahF. K.t. df mwnehF Fj xgjh
a mtuJ df jwig mJ bfhs
Ji zgawJ. K.t. d f fij khj
mikj wid xaneh MwJ,gjh a.
gndhuh a K.t. thifFfis
bjhFJ tHFwJ. K.t, dfis g
kL mt gilghwiy MSikia
wghf mJbfhs nkhf tfhLwJ..
K.t. df tUzi df bgWs
lij MJ mt tifghil rhWfSl
nkhf sFwh.
K.t. gilf gWtU tUzidfis
ehF tifahf fyh vd TW nkhf mtiw
dtUkhW tifgLJwh.

cyf nguhrh K.t.

36

36

1. yh ga tUzidf
2.

aif afK
tUzidf

braghL

3.

bjhl tUzidf

4.

fijkhjiu ga tUzidf

ga

nkhf rhW fhL tUzidf _y K.t.

gilghwiy fiywij mJbfhnwh.
vD jF ntwh df NH yik vd
X cW mikj cL. fij Rit bfhR tUzidf
gy giljj K.t. fij flij ga bjit
thrfF tHF NHyik FJ ftd brYjhjJ
V? K.t. bjhlffhy dfS xwha
ghit tU NHyikit gilJsh.
vnfh ehf FiuJ mlld; Mijf
uL fd; ghit uL bfhoUjh; J neu
xnu mik FobfhoUjJ; g xW fhkho
Uj brh bfhoUjJ; id xW jh
thu vflis neh jt brJ bfhoUjJ.
(g. 84-ghit)
fijfF fijflF thrf kd
gwJbrYkhW oL j NHyik fhnl
f jhfij ygLJwJ. K.t. idUjh
Rit eaK f NHyikf gy gilJ thrf
czF csF Ritf yaUJ
tHUfKo vgij mtuJ gilghwiy
j NHyik bjWJwJ. M jidia
oL fUJ fis Kbk hjF, jifa,
dFa meyf jilah lTL vd
fUna K.t. tiw jUgh vd fUjyh.

37

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

37

thit gy nfhzf mQ tha cik

fis j df thFlbkyh vLJiuj
K.t j isthf gy hufzfhndhiu
f odh; md J jkJ thit
begLbfhs tfhodh.
ahnuh brhtij nfL mgh vid X MQl
Jiz To UuhgF mDgkhlh; Mdh mtnu
W thif gazF JizTo mDlh - ahnuh
brhtij nfLjh! (g.25 m)

vD bg JaFuiy goF xbthU

jfgD jkJ kfis flhagL Ukz vD
iw jskhlh vgJ cW.
mggh! thif xU nghuhl! Xahj nghuhl! mty
Fj fl! fiuUF tiu ntoif ghJ kHyh!
cns FJlh nghJ! mw Xahj bjhiyjh vW
nghnj bjwJ. ehdhf Ffiy. vnyhU nrJ
oJ jSwhf. jlwF ahU JizF tu
nghtiy. eh jdjahf jf ntoaJjh
(g.29-30-m)

vD TW fijkhj Twhf bfhsntoaiy.

Mzhf rKjha bfhLikahd o myYW
xbthU bgQ thWjh jdJ kd JF
y jwh.
x U bg iz g o x U gia jiy Rk
mtSila thifia ghHhF rKjha beLfhy
thHKokh? (g.49-mj eh)

vgJ fijkhj TW vD Manu rKjha

ikia foJTWtJngh MwYl mikJsJ.

38

cyf nguhrh K.t.

38

n ghfhy murhf Fiwia x UtU

thwJ ngrTlhJ.... murhf brhtijbayh cik
vW egntL.... fiz _oegntL; brhdij
brantL. (g.26-mj eh)

vD TW mfjRitl elaiy btgLJ

wJ. ngh Kj gahtJ cikna (In a war the first
victim is Truth) vD KJbkhia idLtJl
K.t.mtf Wtd vFuiy ygLJwJ.
mj eh vD d nghFtuJfhuiu
ghJ ynkhf vD fijkhj TW TW
thrf jidF Ubjdyh.
v vzfis clDFl jLJ W neu mJ
be mJ U brYJ xU nghRfhu v cs
UUjh vjidnah ey bfhiffS nehffS
nkh nkh ghglhUF. eh F brahk cjna
brUng. (g.161-mj eh)-

brw ljh brylh bjh

egh cg j (Fw-422)
v D tSt thbkh F fijghy hd
sfkhf TW sFwbjdyh.
LfhoUJ UanghJ fgf mGif
Xaiy. t ir brw Ut xUt nl!
vnghJ ntf ntlhlh. ntf cid bfLF.
cid rhjtfis bfLF. vwh. tygfnj
isahLbt xU gjhl elJ bfhoUjJ.
MuthuF ilna isahlhf UjhY fSF
fLg ln t L bj k h? n a m ur vW v
bfhL, c Ugnghy Ml KoahJ vW bjJbfh
vw Fu nflJ.. (g.439-mf sF)

39

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

39

th ntf TlhJ vgij Kndh j

mwb efSF fLglntL vgi j X
mria ngh vnfh nfF Fu _y Ma
tWJwh.
fhyfhykhf bgd ij moik gL
bfhLik J tji kna jd F
fhuzbkd TWtJ bghUjnk.
.. .... .m vD xnu bghUis W tif
czfsh Wofsh eh Ritzit
jHf tsJsJ ngh ntW vehoY tsUf
KoahJ vW czJ anj. Mdh go tsj
ehF e kwJ jkfS xU ghaha bg
dij rikayiw gf KGJ fLgL moik
ahai j uhs vL JiujnghJ jd
F J xU fhuzkhf UfTL vW
njbkhF X vz VglJ. (g.301-302-bgwkd)
L K.t. mtf Wtd vFuiy
fijkhj Twhf nfnwh.
goJ gl bgw mfhjhnd ah bgaiu
bfL JtUwh? m t jhn d yr yrk hf y r
thFwh? murhf xWjhY _is bfhGj tHfP
fis bfhLtJ tHfhLwh. murhf xW
braKoahk Ll newJ. go VkhWfhuDF
Jizahf UJ tHfhLgtfS bga gljhf jh
(g.111-fJL)

j theh neuo mua J Mt fhlhj

K.t.muaff eilKiw nghid eaKw
rhLwh.
vj f ekF ntoatf Uwhfnsh
m nrJlntL. myJ vj fia bghJkf

40

cyf nguhrh K.t.

40

41

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

41

ewhfnsh mj f nrJl ntL. Mdh, v

myJ, xGfhd fL fo thHntL. mnghJ vf

nrjhY gz brytjhjh sgu ilF. sgu

Kjad njhtsuKoahJ. (g. 503-504-kFoir)

Ujhjh njj bt ilF. (g.130-131-faik).

jd F K.t.TW fhuz eik

f L wJ. vnf br whY ciH
Tahfnth vGJT ahfnth iH njL
jH jhkdghikna KndwF jil
vwh K.t.
j ehLF Fruha tUwhf; jHfl
Tntiy n fg iy. je hLF tfh f
tUwd. jH fl m oik n tiy brtiy
jehLF kwtf tUwhf jHfl sh
ntiy nfgiy.
(g.307- faik)

v nyhi u Ulyh
iHbad RofhLwh K.t.

vd

vQ tJ

rKjha ikfis fL thshUgjh? ekh

a wti w b rantLb kgJ K.t. tH F
miu.
cyif Uj e gF Ka brnth. gzntil
fntil mtwh Ma gytif VffS ftiyfS
yhk rKjha uhf miktjF catif mit
tsngh. mwbeia gunth. (g.504- kFoir)

bghUshjhu Vw wffSnfg mwb e

khaik tij va tHa ctik _ y
sFwh K.t.
frh

filU J

VjhtJ

jdh

e h

eLbjU foJ D; gUJ cau gwJngh D.

Jjh ntWghL. ViH bgbfL nghdh eLbjU
if th. Mdh, brthfhd FLg Jbg
bfLnghdh jk Fiwahkny khoo kiwJ elgh.

UjToatfis kLnk UjKo; F

frhfilfhuD mgojh. ehia fyh mogh,

jh ngr ff Ko; FUF ffKokh?

gUij J ghfkhlh.ViH bg fzt

(g.499-kFoir)

jkJ fhy rKjhaij xU kFoirahf cUtf

gLdh K.t.iwa rKjhaF Utf
bghUJwJ.

moJ cijJ Cua brth.Mdh brt kh

fztndh fhj tsJlJngh eogh. *g.57-(ky)

ir, g ga mthj sf midt

jidF caJ.

W cs rKjha kFoir nghwJ. m vf

ir g xU go tsF ntoait. mj

tis njhl KowJ. bgUrhf filfhiyna njhL

go tsu jtdh mitf rlF ngh MLwd.

wd. g ytif f FoFwd. vyh n rJ

clnghL xoa brafshf WLwd.cs tsjF

Foiria g H hfKowJ. k Foirahf cstiu

cjthk wd. (g.320-thlhky)

itfis jLfKoahJ. xW, Foiria L aifnahL

aifahf Fif j btlbt antL.

K DznthL elJ ik fis jL J

bfhnthU gljd nu ikia dfL

cyf nguhrh K.t.

42

42

mj ybfhnthU vd U wjh cy
csikia fijiabaho sFwh.
x U y Kijfhk n y th wd. g hijia
n g hL fl Jbrwd.y Kijj wFjh
tghJ elffW bfhwhf. (g.510-be xU K)

cy fhzgL KughLfis czJwh.

n e k hwhd t be w J e lg tfSF
ifbfhL J

cjwJ

cyf.

x UKiw

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

43

43

fzfhdtF kdt kUJt brJsh vd

bghUJ. K.t. gW ey jeil mt df
t TW nea bghUS Ga cslfK yUF
vr _osjid fhnwh.
K.t ehtfis ghljfehtf vdyh. g
ff ghllJF xg vGjglit vW njhW.
bgUghY gghLffis fijkhjf thjf
tahf KbdLF ehtf it. v CfToa

tjt,

KoRfS kughd fS bfh lit. braifahd

tjtaln d U t jhY th t f k WwJ.

czfu jUzf mikjit. Ma jidfis

ehnjhW tijJ JWJwJ. ( g.510-be xU K)

neuoahf ciuahlfY Kitgit. mJl K.t

KughL iwj cy ehjh vrifl

UfntL vd bjnwh.

ehtf brj eil mik jit. ciuahlfS

K. t. df ftiyfl jj
nghF fy fiusf. eif ik vD
U _ nahF ifsF. njhah
JtnlhF JbaH br khkUJ.

K.t. df yfz eilia, brj

eilia gWtJ j vGjhsUF Fiwahf
njhWwJ. gghL ffis KbdLgJ mLj
Fwkhf mtuh fUjgLwJ.

nti yi kah Vkhw W

tUnah, fhjnjhah thitna btWnjh,
FLgth mik fhzhnjh vd gy wjhF
kdt kUJt br khkUjhf mtuJ df
saik ahny j thrf jaf mit
ngho lojd.

xU go nkny brW K.t. df yank

my vd rhf Jwh j JikU.

Tl yfzj f ehlff nghUF.

ya fiy vd vJ cyfbkF fUjgLwnjh, vJ

j rhfgoUwnjh mj msnfhgo K.t
ehtfSF yafiyF vjjkhd bjhl iy.
mtiu j yathf goa vj lY nrf

iwa csayhsf ghtyU vGjhsU j

gilf _y thrfF kdtkUJt efaY
vd flJsd.ehk MyJ atU mik
bjhlJ Jiw gy Mfis brJtUwJ.

ifny xU jhis itJbfhL jkJ Tl

jhiu goa nghL nghF kL wdh MLkh?

W mtUila df mgia bjhlJ

M tUwd. K.t.jkJ df _y gyhu

j bgat TWF uhUJ vGjhs

ehfbud Uozh ilagij ghngh.

KoahJ.

44

cyf nguhrh K.t.

44

bgat Rjuuhkrh Jikj, ghu tir

jid nrJbfhsL. mj Mir mt kd
iwant UwJ. mjfhf K.t. gil jik
FJ 'ciu jiy ' F rgjyhk mj l
kUf ntlh. xUt gilghah ? iyah ?
vgjid khgJ krff, thrff, fhy vd
vnyh gf mjFL. kbwhU gilgh (?) kL
my. Rju uhkrh mtfis gilgh vgjF Mungf
cbl, K.t. F Mu ngf Ughf.

gilghfhd yfzij ah tFgJ ?

ehfbud mtf dh bghUbghjJ.
xb thUtU jfSF U gkhd msnfhiy
itJb fhL
yak o
<LgLtJ
mtut UbtWfns msnfh fshf fh
agJ cik ehlKilnah ftiygl
ntoa brf MF.
K.t. bjhiynehF jidahs vD tif
ya cy xU jj lbgWgt.mtiu Vid
nahUl xLj vti fY bghUjhJ. j
bkh ts fhf jd Kndw
fhf thehbsyh ghLgl K.t. it jkF xghf
fUbfhL FiwTWj vtifY bghUjkwJ.
nguha / ghty / bkhbgaghs / ehlf Ma /
dgilgh / bkhayP vd gKf ghfhd
Mw bgw K.t. it go y FiwTsikF
xU ghidF xU nrhW gjkhnt jid Fnl.
K.t. df d F a g f
Fi wthf Ugjhf mit fLi ufis ngh
mikJsjhf y FiwTd. id Jika
be tifikbe tWjgLwJ. Fghf

45

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

45

dtifik Vida ciueiltiff gTWf

bgWtUjny iwa yabeahf sFwJ
vd fhnwh.
d WfijbjhF nghynth, j tuyhW
nghynth thif tuyhW nghynth, tuyhW nghynth
mikJ tUjny iwa cyfdf gil
beahf stUwJ. jid tiuaiw viy w
vW tifik yfz jfj vW ya
wdhths FLwd.
K. t. dfis fLi u nghwi kJsd
vd Fiwahf TtUwd. vD mthW
fLiu ngh Uj cy fju thj i d
Ji ka vd nghwFaJ vgi j mtf
my. cikahd jufis mogilahf itJ
bfhL idF cikFilnaahd kaf
njhW tifyhd j fLiurh dij Faction
vW My miHwd. fLiurh d
vdnt j miHfyh.
c ik thUg, K.t. df fi y
gf FiwUgjhf fLiug nknyh
fhzgLtjhf Jikthf vW jik T
bfhgtfns FwrhWj ijahf csJ.
jkJ df _y X isP vG af
ela bgUik cynyna K.t.F kLnk ca
xwhF. X cyf rhjid jt vnw K.t.it
FlntL.
thifffis vbfhS ikia
VgL, nr hit mfbfhL rKjhaJF
gaDs t thifghia mikJbfhS

46

cyf nguhrh K.t.

46

47

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

47

Mwiy isPF wghf jkJ thrff

midtUF bghJthf tHF wilad K.t.
df.
jkJ fhyrKjhaF kL vfhy jiy
Kiwd midtUF tfhL nehf bfhlit
mtuJ vGJf.
khlrKjhaF bghJthd tha G
af mtuJ vG Kjik bgWtjh cyf ca
tTW gilf vd khDl nkgl ttFF
khila vGJf mtuJ vGJf vW cyf
nghW eh bjhiy iy.cybffQ gntW
bkhf mtuJ vGJf bkhbga fhQfh
mtuJwig khd yikbad btehlh tzf
brLt vgJ cW.
ifFi lah futid kiwF Ka
Kidgt mtuJ vGJfis goJghjh
i kia bj w c zLt. mjF fhy
jh thdh cy midJ bkhfY mtuJ
mUi kghuhL Miufis fld jkJ
jtwhd mQFKiwia Ubfht.

5. iufiyjf K.t.

go

xU jiy cfSF aig - V?

yUF eifigna - VgLjyh. K.t. F iu
fiyF vd bjhlUfTL vD dh vH
ang.MD F eh Fl iHtJ, vjid
mffhgL J M w K.t. F f wghf
mik Jsik, mtj f _y wghf
ygLtijjh. K.t.F thj jwig.
ahU ehtiu vLakgiy.
K.t. fhgLJ Mw
Mw f fiyP, jh TwiH myJ Xa
tiuaiH myJ Monah eonjh fhlU,
brfis j kdJ mf fhfshf-kdf K
gokgL fhg.jifa mffhna mtfsJ
fiygilf fgideaK cnuhlK u
br.
kdfK gokfis gilJ fL jkJ
fiygia MW Mw thj mffhahs
( vis ual i s er ) myJ gilghfjiyt ( Creati ve Head )
midJ fiyfSFnk njitbaD iugl
fiyF tf g aikahjJ. iuglf
aFenu gilghfjiytuhf gahWwh.
neu, glRU bry, gzbry, Vida bghU
bry M ati w jf gl midtuhY

48

cyf nguhrh K.t.

48

Ritfgl j fhgLJ gna bgJ

cjwJ.
K.t. X mffhahsuhf,iufiyjfuhf
a nyna mi kJsiki a mtuJ f y
gLJwd.
jKila ifgl nfoUj mgUF mt
vGa kl xiw fhQnghJ K.t. F thUj
fiygilghf Mw eF ygLJwJ.
H g l : ijl, U. mfzg mtfl
khfhzjHha kheho vLj gl bj fhzgL
vW vQnw. cjL J nfhUjJ. MD mJ
eW v vLJbfhSf. (K.t. fsa-g.523) :

vd j xgl FJ K.t. vGs kl, gl

EQf ga mtuJ mthwiy ygLJtJl,
xU iugl aFeiu nghW njhwbghit
wdh mtuJ Ta ghitF rhwhaikwJ.
fnsh fhankh v D jkJ dF
milgl tiujF mt Kbkh lij mtuJ
kl _y bjJbfhS eth bgWnsh.
j ber Kfgl ntW l tiuJ MW.
MD fn sh? fhan kh? vD bjhlfijF
xWntL. Kf gl khiy thdK yhfh
mj y (gl mo) xU gf wj Y (fha)
k bwhU _ iy z fS UFkhW vGj
ntLtjhf brhYf. (K.t.fsa-g.524)

thd, yh, wj ,z tiw bfhnl

jidia Ltz xU gl tiua l
L K.t. fhgLJ Mw wthjJ.
iugl glEQF ( Frame ), iuR ( Shot ),
iufh (Scene) vd gy mogil cWfis g

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

49

49

nfgLnwh. tW iuR vgJ glfU

a WjgL tiuyhd TW;gy iuRf
bjhFna xU iufh. vdnt, xU fhia gl
of lL aFe mjid gy iuRfshf
gFJ mtiw wgl KoJ fhia MwY
cz bghjjhf MfntL.
jkJ FWbjhifbrt vD KDiu
XaF ehlfFKs ntWghil FL
nghJ K.t, xU iugl aFe lLtij nghW
xU bjhlf gfhd ( Sequence ) tuFig
tHFwh vdyh.
iufF ( Scenario )
ji y jiyti d i dJf lh
vgij ygLjntLkhdh tU fhfis
mLjL J mikfntLbkgJ K.t.mtf
iufF (Scenario)vdyh.
1)

jiy t jiyi a L tjFK

brYa m -bjhlghd xU fh

2)

tjfhf brj Ka-bjhlghd xU fh

3)

j mW brj braf -bjhlghd xU

fh

4)

Jbrw bry-bjhlghd xU fh

5)

j jiy cw Ja-bjhlghd xU fh

6)

wF kWeh mtid idj id-bjhlghd

xU fh(FWbjhifbrt-KDiu-g.5)

Kiu gf ( Directorial touch)

fhf thW llglhY xU fh
iwtil jWth aFe mnghJ njhWw
y Rfis glkhFth. j iwRf (End shots)

50

cyf nguhrh K.t.

50

aFe Kiu gfshf nghwgL mt

jj gilghwYF (Directorial touch) rhwhaik. e
aFe K.t. mtf Kiu g Rf ahit?
mtnu TWwh.
mtSila f f fyFtij fho fya
ffUJ Jf uL tUjiy fho mitf
nH Gjiy fhlyh. (nkyJ.g.6)

Jaiu fhl xU glnkh FWglnkh vL

j tuF wghf mik Jsjyth?
XaF K.t. tHF Fig jDl izjh
UJ bgW glnk vLfyh.
f ffis L nH G iyahdh, xU J
Milnyh jiunyh GJs fhia kbwhU J
fUJ nH G fhia fhlyh.

jnguhauhf, UFw ciuahauhf, rf

ya tYeuhf, bkhamPuhf, FHijya
gilghsuhf, dgilghahf, Wfijahauhf,
ehlf gilghahf, fahsuhf f Wa K.t.
th oUjh fbgw iugl aFeuhf
Ugh vd TWks mtUila fhgLJ
w sFwJ.

dfh
XafiyF d njit vgij tW
Xafhd d FJ K.t. TW sffS
mtuJ fiygilghwYF rhwhf sFwJ.
xU nrhiynah kuisnah yhk uL
gwitfis Xakhf o fhl ayhJ. fhnlh
gRb tnah fLjnah yhk gR x iw

51

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

51

Xa fhl ayhJ. thd bjhL fliynah,

myJ iwj thdijnah, myJ K
Tlfisnah fhlhk tlkhd btyhit kL
o mij Xa vW fhl ayhJ. mthnw fhnlh
ki ynah tanyh flfi unah mt gFfnsh
fhlhk fhjy Utiu kL Xa mikJ
fhl ayhJ. (FWbjhifbrt-KDiu. g7)
vD K.t. fUJ dfh aik
ahia tWJwJ.
Xa nghnw iuglK d fhfis
KJbfYghf bfhoaFtJ. vdnt K.t. mtf
XaF tWJ dia iuglF
bghUbfhsyh.

glbjhFghs ( Film Editor )

i ugl glb jhFghs Kjikl

bgWwh. iuRfis Tonah Fiwnjh K
dhf khnah gl ghgt RitF Ujhf
khWgt glbjhFghsnu. iugl aFeUF
bjhFg nj ehlK UjhY ggS
mtiu gia Mwlhk jLF. xU gl EQif
FiwjhY y neuf gl ang khL
vwhf. vdnt, f ftdkhf bra ntoa
bjhF gia K.t. brJsh vdyh. vnf?
beLbjhif UJ;, eiz UJ vD U
fisnk vLJfhlhf Twyh. eh}W ghlf
U J vGgnjG ghlfis bj brJ, jkJ
KDiu FLsij nghW bjhlj fij
xiw cUthf Kidj K.t. Ka mtUF
kiwJlj bjhFghsiu,mt kiwF D
ekF ygLJwJ.

52

cyf nguhrh K.t.

52

eh}W ghlfUJ vGgnjGghlf

kLjhdh? V j Ka? vW dnthFa
ilia jkJ KDiunyna K.t. TLwh.
rhyR yh vD mP, nrRa aa
ehlffis FHijfSF Wfijfsh vik
gL a Kana jk F Kndhoahf saJ
vwh. mthW vikgLJtjFa fhuz
vd? K.t. ilawh.
bghJkf cs lbgwhk, yt be
k L thGth n g hjhJ. bg hJk f wf
ya vfhy thF ilwhF

53

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

53

ghz, njghf, guij vd mf ya fijkhj

midtU lbgW tif xU bgU fha
UJ y fhijfis bfhL xU FW fhaij
giljJ nghW wgl cUthsjid iy
gongh midtU czt.
xU njj bjhFghsuhfnt K.t.bragLsh
vg vss Iaiy.ClfJiw ehl
brYUjh K.t. ff iuglfis gilJ
Ji kUJ tH U gh vdy h. K.t. njJ
bjhFj vGg njG ei z ghlf sf
moFf izghf tHfgLsd.

( beLbjhif UJ-KDiu)

iz-- K.t. bjhFj vGgnjG eiz

ghlf sf moFf

rf ya wig midJkfS m
tifnyna j Ka mikjJ.

Fiw kWfgl jiyt j beid beUaJ

(140 F---jfzdh)

ma iy, vaKiw,ntW to, RUfkhd

sfJl, bjhlj fijnghw ngh juntL vW
KawnghJ v ber cw jaf f bgJ. vd jkJ
jafij btgLJwh.

vGgnjG ghlfis bj brJ xU KGikah

fij nghw mik tHf K.t. nkbfhl g, xU
iuglbjhFghs g nghwJjh.
iuRfis Knd nd khaikJ
kf csF Ritf gilig tHf Kidj
njj xU iuglbjhFghsi u nghynt K. t.
br agLsh. eh}W ghl fU J vGgnjG
ghfis bj brnghJ m Iizia
ygLJtif IJ izfSnk jtwhk l
bgWkhW jiy, jiyt, njh, br, ghf,

fHW vkiw

(160 F - (?))

njh jiHnaW bfhL W jiykf F

XoaJ
(359 F - fy)
jiyF Fiw ea TaJ

(32 - F)

Fiw nej njh jiy Fiw eag TaJ

njhF jiy mwbjhL wc M
(128 F - enrjdh)
gfF tJ F jiykf nghF
( 58 bej - KJTwdh)
jiy MWghJ cw mrjh brhaJ
( 104 F - ng rhjdh)
F l Mwhsha jiykfis njh tWaJ
(307 bej - m_tdh)

54

cyf nguhrh K.t.

54

iwwkhf cHtF brhYthsh njh br

maJ
(60 kUj - fnyhah)
fh Ff Mwhsha jiykf brhaJ
(287 bej - cnyhrdh)
fh Ff Mwhdha jiykf
jiykfis idJ jDns brhaJ
(319bej - idbjh nrhudh)
njh jiykf iwwjhdhf jiykfF
ciughsh agJdJ brJ
vghsh brhaJ
(365 F - kfy)
Kiywbkhahf jiykf
njhFbrhaJ
(17 F - behakHh)
njh jiykf tu czJ iwwkhf br
m tiu flhaJ
(222 F - fy)
jiyt tu czJ jiyF brhYthsh
njh brhaJ
(61 F - Wnkhfdh)
jiykfiwwkhf jiy njhF
ciughsh brhaJ
(94 bej - siuadh)

55

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

55

njh iwwkhf jiyF ciughsh

brhaJ
(72 bej - snghah)
iwwkhfnjh jiyF
ciughshbrhaJ
(88 F - eyJtdh)
uF jiytiwwkhf tiu flhaJ
(154 F - eyh Hh)
MW ghJ cw mrjh iwwkhf brhaJ
(158 F - btisFo ehfdh)
jiy kf iwwjhdhf njh b rhaJ
(206 F - I Kltdh)
ji ykf iwwk hf tWF njhF
jiykf brhaJ (236 F - e FLt)
tiu og Mwhsha jiy njhF tiw
vuJ brhaJ
(116 F - fjujdh)
ntif jhfyhsh njhF jiykf
brhaJ iwwjh vgJ kjc M
(303 bej - kJiu MUyaehL Myng
rhjdh)

iwwkhf njh br maJ

(27 bej - Flth ujdh)

tiuahJ beLfhy tbjhGf Mwhsha

jiykf tiw v mjJ
(327 bej - m_tdh)

iwwkhfnjh jiyF ciughsh br

maJ
(68 F - uh rhjdh)

njh mUF mLjJ njh jiykfsJ Mwhik

fL tiu flhac M
(355 F - (?))

tiu og njh iwwk hf brh aJ

(53 F - entldh)

gfF kWJ tiu flhaJ

(188 F (?))

56

cyf nguhrh K.t.

56

57

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

57

jiy Mwhik cyaY T tiu

flhaJ
(159 bej - fz ydh)

clnghfhw jiykf jiykfF brhaJ

(362 ghiy - kJiu kUj s ehfdh)

th kWjJ tiu flhac M khnwhu

behJkyhs tiu nkL kUjJ fs
(300 kUj - guz)

kid kU

tiuil bk MWF njh jiytF

brhaJ
(55 F - bgUtG)
njh iwwkhf brhaJ jiykf xUt
jzj id tiw vbkhjc M
(378 bej - tlk tzf ng rhjdh)
ntif bgUf jhfysh Mwhik wh
brhaJ
(348 bej - bt ah)
tiuil itJ Mwhsha jiy
tWJ njhFbrhaJ
( 133 F - ewkdh
gliw tiuahJ bghUt j fhyJ
njh t Mwh shdh tis Hnj
vd ftwh tWjJ mfhyJ Mwhsh
w jiykf njhF
brhac M
(358 bej - eu)
njh bjtF ciughsh bt yaJ
(34 - F - ukrh)
njh clnghF mRjJ

(143 ghiy - fzfhu bfhwdh)

kid kU

( 184 ghiy - (?))

kid kU

(179 ghiy - (?))

kzkid f njh jiykfsJ f fL

brhaJ
(294 F - JfaJ tzf f Hh)
njh jiykfid beU brhYthsh th
nejJ
(210 kUj - isHh entldh)
njh jiykfid th kWjJ
(330 kUj - MyFo tfdh)
jiykfF th nej njh jiykflJ
bghwhik fL brhaJ
(180 kUj - (?))
jtbdhL f jiykf Mwhdh ghzF
ciujJ
(250 kUj - kJiu Xiy filajh
ebtisah)
Cl l Mwhdh wh ghzF brhaJ
K fjjid ghzF brhac M
(370 kUj - ciw fJth rhjdh)

(12 ghiy - fakdh)

ghzF njh th kWjJ

(380 kUj - Tl gfzdh)

clnghF njh ifaLjJ

(10 ghiy - (?))
clnghfh w jiykf jiykfF ciujJ
(9 ghiy - ghiy ghoa bgUfLnfh)

UJ thyhff jiyt brhaJ

(120 kUj - khFo Hh)

58

cyf nguhrh K.t.

58

59

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

59

ji ykfF ghfhdh nfg jiyk f

jiyW xGf glhw guij ghzF MD
wF MD brhYthsh beU brhaJ
(216 kUj - kJiu kUj sehfdh)

bedh bghU tfgl jiykf

jiykfis v Mwhdh beid brh
bry mGaJ
(308 ghiy - vdij kf sudh)

guij jiyFghfhdh nfg wF

clgl brhaJ
(100 kUj - guz)

K xU fhyJbghUt J tj jiyt
D b ghUtfgl beF br y
mGFjJ
(62 ghiy - sudh)

njh ji ykf bghUt jYwhdJ

FgJ yaJ njh cya T
czac M
(337 ghiy - ghiy ghoa bgUfLnfh)
jiykfdh czjgl njh
jiykfisMWJ bry clglJ bry
mGFjc M
(229 ghiy - (?))

bghU Koahw jiykf Mwhdh brhaJ

(284 ghiy - nj gHfdh)
tiuil bk MWF njhF jiy
brhaJ
(56 ghiy - bgUtG)
gUt fL Mwhsha jiy njhF ciujJ
(97 Kiy - khw tG)

jiytid njh bry mGFjJ

(71 ghiy - tzw fjujdh)

tiu l Mwhsha jiykfis njh MWjJ

(197 ghiy - eu)

czjgl jiykfid njh brhaJ

(318 ghiy - ghiy ghoa bgU fLnfh)

cyayh czjgl jiykf Fj

gUt fL jiykf brhaJ
(214 ghiy - fU nfhrdh)

njh th kWjJ bry mGFjc M

(269 ghiy - vdij kf sudh)
cz a njhF ji y b rhaJ
( 1 F - fy)
bghUF clgl njhia jiy ctJ
TaJ
(24 ghiy - fzfhadh)
bry Fdh ntWgl HF jiyt
brhaJ
(166 ghiy - (?))

il Mwhsha jiykfis njh gUt fho

tWaJ
(115 Kiy - (?))
il gUt fL brhaJ
(289 Kiy - kUT godJ nrj Fkudh)
njh jiykfid tiu flhaJ tiu
czjgL Mwhsh brhac M
uF kWjc M
(396 F - (?))

60

cyf nguhrh K.t.

60

61

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

61

il jiyaJ mUik fL Jl
fUa njhF jiy brhaJ
(64 F - cnyhrdh)
id K th njghfF brhaJ
(42 - Kiy - ujdh)
id K kWjuhwh ghfF brhaJ
(371 Kiy - xsitah)
i d K th njghfF b rhaJ
( 21 Kiy - kUj sehfdh)

6. K.t. fLiufsa
xU gwit ghit

j H f

br hnyUH tf
jiyaha
lbgW K.t. mtf illh cH gadhf
i sji t dfS WfijfS ghfS
Miu foj yaK kLky; kkahd
fLiufS jh vgij idbfhsntL.
mjifa fLiuf gytiw goJ Ritj ekF
Jtiu yhf bgwhk nghd 242 fLiufis
(229-j 13-My) cy vyh gFfSF
brW njofL xU bgUUjhf thrffSF
tH s KJ Kidt r. R. snfh mtf e
midt ghuhLF cat.
ghujhr g xU jft iljhY fL ngh
cy FF gilF j xuths ghujhr
btlbgwh fijfis fLiufis foj
fis MjJ fL bjhFJ w ik
f fshf btLsh.jF nea ciHig
ngh ghujhr gfiyfHf ghujhr ca
MJiwjiytuhf nguhauhf tiu
gyhLfhy gagL bfhlJ. mjFK
cyf jHhuh Wtd aFeuhf gaha
fhiy ghujhr gfiyfHf gfhyY
KJKidt btl fSF fznf iy.
goalh gyW . jF ciHgh go xU
bjhFig cUtha aiy.

cyf nguhrh K.t.

62

62

f
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

bkh, j
rf ya
UFw
ygfhu
bkha
wdh
yfz
rhnwh
rka
bgh
fiy, ir, ehlf
fij, Wfij
tha
bghJ
My fLiuf

vW gidJ f fLiufis gFJ tH

sik bjhFghs Ta M wDF
rhwhaikwJ.
K.t. mtf mfW guj m Kj
gl br khj nehF fLiuf _ y
bjbsd ydhwd. fj csJl bra
brhfis njJ gagL gh Ca gHkhf
gogtF bgUUJ tHFt K.t. mtfSF
<L iziy vgjF fLiu fsa nkY
xU rhW vdyh.
bkh, j vD Kj , jhbkh ekJ
iy, j vGJf, ngh Kojjh?, mahikah?,
bghfh, rl UjgLkh?, Kj,j

63

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

63

vGJ Uj, cik Jjh, j bghJ

brhf, yatuyhW, j ya, ya
fLiu vGJtJ vgo? vD g_W fLiufS
lbgWsd.
jhbk h ekJ iy *g.3-6) v D
fLiu jj Knd hiu kF mkhd ,
jhehi l ga mkhd, jhb khi a ga
mk hd vD _W mk hdfS xbthU
tUF mikUfntL vd tWJwh.
j vGJf(g.7-12)vD fLiu vGJ
ikia tWJwJ. cbkbaGJf bk
F j FpLF dnu c F j FpL
tuntL vgJ K.t. mtf J.Mdh j
cF KdU bkF dU tUwJ vd
~J ikaw xW vd mt fUJwh. jF X
vLJfhlhf jkJ ngu bro vD brhiy vGJ
To gof bjhla fhiy, vro vnw xjh,
vwh. rfu FF cFaha xiw
bfh tUkh jifa FHg neuhJ vwh K.t.
bjYY fdlY bk to vGadnu
c toit vGJj D cs gHf. jid
MuhnghJ tid gnaD Uj brj
ey vd njhWwJ vgJ ku njhj K.t.
Kbkh a khd vdyh. kuiy J
jhFnk vd eh jaF ntis K.t. LF dh
eik fLwJ.
jGyf Uj KgLkh?m, -V-o-nf
vW fF My mlFKiwidna ifahs
Kidkh?vgnj K.t.LF dhthF.

64

cyf nguhrh K.t.

64

1942-M Mo bttj nfhghy Uzkh

rhah 60-MtJ ML iwHhky fUij
btl K.t. 1974-M Mo bttj vGJ
Uj vD j vGJ Uj vD
jiy bttj jkJ fLiuY (Kj bjhF.
(g.38-43) fUijna tWsh. bktoF
wF cFpL miktnj cyf bkhf vyhtY
csJ. Mdh, jF khwhd-bghUjyhj - xU
Kiw j FJsJ vW e KndwF
cjahd vGJUj g xbthUtU v
ghfntL vW m fLiu Tstiw
fhQnghJ K.t. vGJ Uj Kidghf
Ujik ydhwJ.
caiygf M y MafSF
fzF MafSF izahf jHhafS
kfbgwh NH Mnya M yaikia
fh.ektha miy khw vLj eltoiffis
Ljiy bgwdU j mty uiy
vgij ngh Kojjh? (g.13-19) vD fLiu
vLJiuwJ.
c%gh mzh vD Kiw kh c%ghF W
JfhRf vD Kiw mKfgLjglntis
eahigrh vd fhRF bgatH gik brhyhf
enaignr v D b rhi y vy h bk hf Y
gwntL vd ka muR mWJkl mDa
nti s mjid f oJ vGjgl fld nk
mahikah? vD jiy mikj fLiuahf
bttJsJ.(g.20-22)
maehlh gagLJ bghUf mKfkhF
nghJ mbghUf ga bgabrhf flbgWtJ

65

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

65

ang. nkhlh, ir nghw brhfis vLJ

fhlyh. Md h, mit giktH F bgWif
fvD F nrJ nkhlhf, irf vnw
miH fb gW wd. ahU ir vD
gikbgaiu j tHFtiy. jbrhyha
fLku M nyauh flb gwgL M y
catamaran vd tHf glhY mj gikia catamarans
vWjhnd FLwd. vyh bkhfS gikia
brhyhny FfntL vD m
bghUJkh? bkh aig mahk go xU
ntLnfhsh? v D dhfis fLiu
vGwh K.t.
jhbkhah ji H wfJL ma
bkhaha My t midJ fiyfis
fwayh vgh Ka aifahf thj fhfis
L J bghfh fis fobfhL ntfeil
nghlyh vd Ka tjF r k vD fUi j
bghfh vD fLiu TWwh. (g.23-30)
MJiw, fJiw, k w, rlk w
M at j sf mjnfg mua rl
UjbgwntL vD fUij tW mikj
K.t. rl UjgLkh vD fLiu
v s fhy brjbr (bgut
1965) j bttJ d jehL dj
khiyKuRMa ehjfY Fwbe Kjyhd
jfY bttjJ vgJ Fl jfJ.
K.t. tHF fUJfis go fLiu fLiu
ahf fhz Kglh xU j ny JL.e
nehf K.t. Ta fUij bjhFJ TWtjW.
VgLJ jhfij gJbfhsny MF.

66

cyf nguhrh K.t.

66

K.t. mtf gJ iw yik fLi u

fsa _y JyfKw ygLwJ. jbkh,fiy,
ehL, rKjha Mat mt bfhoUj Mj
<LghL jGF jHF VgLs df
FJ mt bfhS ftiy gy neuf mt
btgLJ wK e cs ciwJ vG
bfhs Lwd vdyh.
caj bfhiffis tW jukhd iu
glf vLngh ngHF Mshtij ygfhu
t ghL Kj njthugKHf tiu j ir
EQf mJ ir KHF i rthz , muF
ilfhk tUth yhk lhLtij jukhd
ya, gilngh nghWth wf
Wtij g njha vLawh K.t.
n fhk h gF fi s c jth r u Ffi s
u gif elJnth ehb shU nk
b g h G b j h U tz Kkhf tswhf; gdhu
fz W gzK nrJ brthF bgWwhf.
bkhia g fiyia g fUij g
ftiy yhk fij fLiu vG fsh
gtU thnw b r whf. (g. 36) vD
K.t. TW (jfiy.1949) ws cikahf
fwJ. mWguL MLfsh ehL D
Kndwiy.
ehgJf khtl jHf bgUghik
duhf sa khtlkhf fjbjD M
bkh bjYfhf Uj fhuzdh jHfns jiH
gofhJ wfj NHY bjhlf fTlf
j gy thyhJ nghdjhY mnf jHf
midtU bjYifna ffntoaiy VglJ.
jisth d bkht khyid Vgl

67

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

67

nghJ Muhl izfglJ. bria

cik Jjh; vD fLiu ewJ. cyf
njha eh njha ggl bkhahf UjhY
mua bkhahf sfiyahdh thHt iy.
Mfnt, jeho M j eilbgwhjh jH
jiH gogh. vd 1949-nyna mWsh K.t.
bkh ts iy Kj xbthU bghUSF
jjna w bgabrhf cUthfgL
mjdnu bghJbgaf cUthfgld. j
giHa yafY w bgafSl Ea
fUjikj bghJbgafS fhzgLtij vQ
nghJ jbkh f gHfhynyna gofgL tsj
a bkh vgij czJ bthaf njhWwJ
vwh K.t.
yatuyhW vD beoa fL iu j
bkh y a tuyhi w fiy gghL
tuyhiw f cUfkhf vLJiuwJ. cs
if fliy VJtJ nghW ulhu MLfhy
bkh, fiy, ya tuyhiw wl brw
bjhFJiug K.t. izawt vgjF
fLiu xU rhwhF.(g.54-g.103)
vyh fhyJF bghJthd tha cik
fis UtSt tW Ts wid j
ya (g.104-106) awJ.
ya fLiu vGJtJ vgo? (10 7-11 2)
K.t. Kj gl is vdyh.
rf ya vD ulh a l
bgWs KgJ fLiufS K.t.mtfSnfa
ya MnehFl a Kiw rf ya
Ritia JF beia fwd. jiy

68

cyf nguhrh K.t.

68

JaU njh g jiyt flikz

gu i jt J b r Y ji y t j jti d
c z J ehz bfhS NHY ghoidbaho
wghf brhnyha gLafgLsd.
My mP rLR ghL gogt mDgt
khF Kiwia MW iyfshf J fhLwh.mj
MW iyfis va j K.t.bjhFJiuF
w(g.118-120) ya khztF kL ya
Mty midtF gaisgjhF.
ahifF
ciajd e m
thj md fhj
rhj md mnahns.
vD mfeh}W (339) ghlyofis
clbghL cil vd kW md
klijnahblil e.
(1122)
thj cF md MiH;rhj
mjF md FlJ.
(1124)
vD FwghfnshL xfhLtJl mikahJ
fhj ngh fhjngh
rhj rhj rhj (F ghL)
v D ghuah ghly ofnshL xL j
yaku thiHao thiHbad tsj wid
K.t.sF w mt guj ya yikF Ta
MnehF rhwhf mikwJ.
njh, jiy myJ jiyt Twhf tuyhW
brf EtygL jwig rhWfSl fho
jH tuyhW ghitia nghWwh.(139-145)

69

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

69

rf y af ctik f bgWs j
wig th a cik f tW jgLs
ghid gy fLiuf twh.
rf ya mfghLf ehlf Kiw mik
Jsd. (g.308) vd T W K.t.xU TW ehlf
( D ra ma ti c Mon ol og ue ) vw tifnyna xnth
mfgho mik csJ.(g.158) vgij ww
ssh.
kUjfghlyf iHnahL eifRitia
eagl ciuF K.t. fhyJ fiyy bj
eifRit vjifaJ? vD dhit vG e
ilF fhuhk f f thdJ vdyh.(g.237)
vW tUjJl TWwh.
j ehL glfhf cs ei fRi t
gFf vjikahdit? fzt kidia moj,
kid ifkhW brj, sFkhW bfhLul,
mfignah fuonah bfhL moj, fztDila
fhij oJ U Fj, FL ia g fHw,
Twjfhj brJbk hfis Tw it nghwit
glfhf bgJ lbgW.( g.237)vW
TWtJl btehlh e gghil ga thd
vz bfhsnt it t tFF vd ftwh.
kUjf fhQ jehL W iy. mnghJ
KWif UjJ; ngh KWif iy vwh yt.mtF
e h TWtJ vd? fhy n j KWif iy.
nghKWif iy vgnj MF. (g.238)

1940-M ML K.t. thW tUJwh.

tiukf vD mfhu UtSt
guij vD brh lbgwhk brjik xU u

70

cyf nguhrh K.t.

70

vW K.t.th nghwgLwJ. m kfiu TWnghJ

tSt be btWiy vd m kfiu eho
xGf bfL Mltiu fLbrhfsh Fwh
vd sFwh.
gntW iwbe yafUJ 650 ghl
fis bjhFJ nksfjh Kiwia xoa uhffSF
VwthW RugL khf Kjah vgt bjhFj
rj r i f v D iy K.t.FLsh.
(.g.-865)
khztfSF jHhafSF mt tH
s miuf f bto b ghfjf w
thjit.
nfha .rh.nfh. fiyf kztfilna
ngRnghJ tUkhW Tsh.
nghJ jHf ngR nkilf ntlh. ng
vdF e if Fiw J tUwJ. kw e hLfis l
jeho ngR mf.tlehoYs gghnyh ffjhnyh
Tlf Fahf elgiy. Mdh, brid xUeh
20, 30 Tlf eilbgWwd. go kw ehLfis l
jeho ngR mfkhf UJ, jehL Kndwiy
..................KndwhJ. (g.853)

ws jehL ngir FiwJ bfhs

iy. K.t. miuia nfFk h? Kndw
ghij elFkh?
jyt rf 1947-M ML tUkhW
ngsh.
J J bjhiygL jkfis eh
J x WgL jnt L. mtf v nyhi u

71

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

71

lhk fty fW xW c sJ. mJjh

j.mj fW e if csJ. ntfl Kj Fk
tiu cs vnyhUF ca bkh j vW
sf brantL. jkf vnyhU kdneh
yhk brJ XFkhW bghJthd fUJzit
vnyhUF tHfntL. rhkj ntWghL yhk
vnyhU U VF jUJ UFw csJ
mnwh? j kfi s jHh fKo.
UFwsh xWgLj Ko vW eif bfhL
ciHnghkhf. (g.944)
flj mWgb jlhLf ahU K.t.
miuia brkLfhj Fiwna W ehil tUJ
gy r_fffSF fhuz vdyh.
cztfY UJ gkhW lfY j
ciuahlhk M y ngRti j ehff vd
kaFtij foJiuwh. (g.1133)
v bjhiy brjhY Vjtij glhY jH
kd UF jlnj vD cikia cyFF eh
sfntL vwh. (g.1134)
ehlhSkw midJ a bkhfY ngr
ciktHFkhW nghuhlntL (g.1247) vwh.
eahigrh vD ehza mKfgLjglnghJ
mid J b khfY xUik eahigrh vd
gik enaignr vd tHfntL vD ka
mu Miz kf bkhikF vuhdJ vd
tikahf fowh.(g.1318-1319)
thW jbkhikF Fu bfhLJ jH
xWikia tW mtnghJ njitgl
neufbyyh jf vG jHF jfhF

72

cyf nguhrh K.t.

72

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

73

73

miuahW mUgia K.t.brU wh

vD br mtuJ bghJ eyntifF j
cikzF jf rhWfshF.
1560 gff uL bjhFfshf bttJs
fLiufsa ma fUJfUy MF.W
j _y ekF tfhobfhLsh.g
eljh ekF ehLF eik vgij cznthkh?

7. wdhths K.t.

Kfghfhd Mwyhs K.t wdh Jiw

UbgU gffis brJsh. wdh nfh
ghlhs vD Kiw yafis MjJ
wDiujF nfhghL tFJbfhL gy M
fis gilJsh. wdh EQffis gu
tifY yakhzhf wdh fiyia mJ
bfhtjF <LgLjF tfhL tifY
fi s ash. yaw, yaku,
yaMuh vD mtuJ _W fS K.t.
j ya khzhfF tHa mUbfhil vdyh.
y aw
bgUji f K. t. mtf y aw
1959-M ML Kjgig fl yhF. miu
whL fhykhf jKJfiy khztfsh gy
gLtU ws yafF cWJiz
eF fUJ fUykhf sFwJ. MdR khzhf
fSF mjd KJfi y khzhffSF
wdh gWj K.t. mtf j yaf
MHfhgL M w b rj gy fi s
jGyFF tHaj dnu iy adh
vgjid kdJbfhL fhQnth mUikia
eFzt.

cyf nguhrh K.t.

74

74

My f nknfh bjhFghf
mikJsjhf y jtwhf Tsd. fUJ
fSF JizeF My nknfhfis moFghf
tHdhnua mtiw Kjik ahf bfhL
iy gilfiy vD cik, iy gYfh
bjw ydhF.
K.t.jkJ fUJfSF mu br nknfh
fisna tHsh vgjF X vLJfhlhf
maY fiy vD (yaw)
Kj a xU nknfhis fhzyh.
m P y m rhJ Kt J rKjha _ isia
tsjJ nghynt, csij ggLj ntL vW Tw
jiygLsd. mnt thit aFtJ vw vz
js J, cz na thit aFtJ vw c ik
fhwd. ghL Kja fiyf thyhf czia
g gL dhjh m ebd ciHF . m j
eythnyna ebraf bgUfKo vgJ mtf
eif. (g.13)

K. t. jkJ jid isthf tH a

fUJF nk MdhL vD mP fUij
moFghf tHFwh.
More and more mankind will discover that we have to turn to

poetry to interpret life for us, to console us, to sustain us. Without poetry,
our science will appear incomplete. Mathew Arnold

(nkY nkY th sf mJbfhs kj

d fijiana mQfntoUF .th it
s bfhs ekF MWjyf, eik MW
gL eh LiyUf fijiana rhUf
ntL vD cikia kj d mJbfhS.

75

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

75

fij e ma KGikthjjhf sfhJ.nk MdhL)

nf uL nknfhfis fhQnth
K.t. Kjikia jjikia czt.
cz Kjikia tWa ggl
czah Efuglntoa fiyia g mLj
a TWwh. E fiyf, ffi yf vD
gFigiyfiy, aFfiy,xikfiy vD
gFig sFwh. Vida fiyfD ya
fiy fhyijbtW oJthG w bgWsbjd
sFwh.
aifY thifY mHg bjthf
iy.nkY mit tHF g behoF beho khW
ailaJ.e thnyna eh FHij gUt Ta
yDf bgW aifia RitgJngh tsj
d Ritgiy. gHf xU iuahLwJ.
cya ehl fiyzit Efwid kuJ
nghf brwJ. yhj mHif iyJf br
Mw yaF csJ.
m thyhf cyi f mtij fhoY
yf thyhf,cyfij fL nfLL cJ
cW m Mw bgwtf fiyPf. ur cz
yho fiyf eJLbkd ghuah Tsh.
fhzhj ffis nfshj brfis fhQkhW
nfFkhW b r Mw bgwtf fiyPf
vgij mLj a sFwh.
cz, fgid, tot Ma _W fiyF
aikahj cWf vd tiuaWF K.t. beoJ

76

cyf nguhrh K.t.

76

thG jikbfhl ya brRl TW Itif

czfis bfhlik vd sFwh.eaik
thj myJ jF thj cz, MwYs cz,
iyahf mik cz, th gnfhzfis
sF gtif czf, Ga c zf
Maitna ya MfF Vw gagd. cz
ia gho totY mikfyh ; bghUY
mikfyh. uoY xUnf mik nghJ ghL
w bgWwJ. ghL gilF yt cz,
mtuh gilfbgW fgidkhj cz,ghliy
fgt cz vd cz _tifahf mikwJ.
yt czia fgidkhjl fL mijna
fgtU czjny ghlYF w eF.
neh j neh ngh ngh kdf
xJz fiyPFa waghF. g fiyia
EfthF fiyia MuhthF aikahjJ.
ya fiyPf czUthf W w
Jgij czjyhjh gogt csij cUf
ty ghL Kjatiw awKowJ vd TW
K.t. mfeh}W, eiz ghlf JizbfhL
jid sFwh.
thifaDgtF mLj iy fUjjf
mDgt fiyfgid VgLwJ. bjhlfij
bfhiyfia vGKoj cley F ofR
_Wkhj gL Jlh vgji d r hwhf
fhLwh.
thifzf braglLgit; vdnt
cl ji rehfis aFtd. Mdh fgid
zf bragl lhji t. vdnt, cl
jir ehfis aFtiy v W TWnghJ X
csa kUJt nghynt ngRwh.

77

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

77

wj fiyP czf mtnghnj tot

bgW bttUjY cL; fhy fJ bjbgW
bttUjY cL.
wjit,bgW Efujfit vW fiyPF
njhW mDgtfis mt mahk gaitJ
fhwh. Jikahd nghwjf mDgtf tJ
thFnghJ mtiw ngh gjny fiyP
gahf sFwJ vgJ K.t. mtf fUjhF.
thif e csF ilF th
ig cikia l, ya e csF
ilF th cik F.thif e csij
gLJtij l, ya e csij f f
gLJtjhf csJ vW csij ggLJ
Mw y a F mikJsi kia e r f
rhnwh yafis mogilahf rhwhf
bfhL K.t. vLJiuwh.
Mufzfhd MLfshf kf bgWtj
czfis mDgtfis bgwKowJ vwh,
mtwh thd gwitf kyf Kjatiw nkY
ewhf c zuKowJ vwh mJ vts caj
brtkhf csJ! vd ya bgUikia
jjikia aJiuf K.t. mtf mrid
brRliukh JizF miHfntL?
fgidia sFnghJ e thit
yaijnk mogilahf bfhSwh.
FHijna xU ghL, xU fha vW Twyh.
sFHijF a cz csJ;wj fgid
csJ. mj mirfY xfY xGF csJ.
bgUytf fgidF J mtf FHijah
Ujnghnj mikjJ. vd fgid mogilia
TWwh.

78

cyf nguhrh K.t.

78

cwf fd, gffd, fgidfd vd

fdf _ tifgL. fgid k jDF thj
mfwF vbwyh sF K.t., My mP
r R fgidF TW mWtif bghUfis
sFwh.
csthW mik fgid fiyPF Mt
iy. cs Uathnw mik fgidnyna
mtfSF Mt F mji fa fgid F
cst ytiw TlY fjY njitahwJ.
kd fhy ,l flj Mw, mff,
mfbr yaRitF cWJiz gaj Ma
tiw sF K.t. btW fgi d y a
isF Ritia T gil fgid, ia
fgid, fU J sffgi d M ati w
rhWfSl sFwh.
fgid kd tsF cWJizahtJ vgJ
csayh fUJ, mHa tot ey fiy; Ga
cz wj fiy.
m fis bkhbgagjh HgJ vJ
iy; ghil bkhbgagjh bgWtJ vJiy
vD K.t. fUJ fKiwia glit
mogilahf bfhl Mj cikahF.
fgid cz xeaJl xUiaJ
bragLtd. xea llgl thghL vd
ahig Twyh. vJif nkhidF Kjl tHf
ntoaiy. cz fgid wJ sf
ghL yt, xea cs ahid mikJ ghLj
ntL. brhyfSF KjikaJ bghUw,
cz, fgid Matiw wfF nghif
foJiuF .nfh. Naehuhaz rhah Tiw
nknfh fhLwh.

79

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

79

ghuah trdfijia nknfh fhL K.t.

Egkhd cz kLnk cs trdfij,mjDl
fgid fyj trdfij vd Utifid fhLwh.
cz F J izbr brhyh, a
bghUSzia eF br hyh, aghd
brhyh M ati w r hWfSl sFgt
ctik, cUtf, F bghU M at
wfis ewh.
ytuJ cs aigbaho mik eil
cznahL bfhLs cwit eil tif
fis sFwh.
czj, Efj vD U mogilfis
bjw sFwh.
czJ Mw yhjJ ya MfhJ.:fiy
fiy fhfnt v D T W bghUjhJ.y t b gw
Ga mDgt ij wU mkhW brjny
ya nehf vwh. jiyt VtyhsF
TWj nghwit mwf; eg xUtbfhUt
TWj nghwit uhzf; fhjy ngR nghwit
fhaf vD tlyh Tiw rhW fhLwh.
yt czaDgtnk gogt czaDgt
khF iy v ghil KGik EfU Mw
vajhf bghU.
ghL gogt mDgtkhF Kiwik MW
iyfshf rR TWtij sFwh. yt
cz,gho cs brhf,gho brhbghU,
xea Mat _y gogtF ydh yt
czaDgtij gogt KGik bgW iy
VglntL.yt j thzia ggL

80

cyf nguhrh K.t.

80

bfhtjF gogt mj Ga czia bgW

cyif caJjF JizeFtJ ghL
Muh vD W a wdhit mKf
gL JwJ . Kj b jhfha, e} Ma
yfzf ciuF Muhbefis bjhF
JiuJ mj dnu wdhti ffis mKf
gLJwh. cns rR vD wdhths
fUij kLnk mKfgLJwh.jF fhuz K.t.
mtf mQFKiw csarh mQFKiwahf
mikjiknaahF.
Vida mPf fUJf jkJ fUJfSF
mubr tif miktif csdbt
mtiw kLnk tHFwh.
bkhj KgbjhgJ mPf fUJfis
(goa izghf tHfgLsJ.) moFf
_y mKfgLJwh. tf midt fis
fwtJ KJfiy j tF gY khzhfuh
ayhJ. MafY yftr yhj Cf
thgtfsh ayhJ. NH M vzij
L ti f ti w K. t.mKfgLaik
ghuhljfJ.
eLiyahf nehFthF ws K.t.
yaw yaf Mit Mj
goig L MwY l mikJsik eF
yd hF. vj M ywdh iy b kh
bgajF nehf J, ya wdh
nfhghLfis j khzhfF ya MtyF
vLJiuF tifnyna K.t.iy gilJsh
vgjid iy gongh midtU Vg.ghuah
ghlf, UFw, weh}W, FWbjhif, be

81

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

81

sf, ygfhu, fk kyU khiy,

mfeh}W, FWbjhif, eiz, ghujhr fijf,
KiyghL, fbjhif, Iiz IgJ, ntjehaf
is ghl, WghzhWgil, FghL, Fku
FUgu KJ Fkhurh is j, efygf,
bgUghzhWgil, Uthbkh, UtUgh, bga
uhz, Uthrf, Utufjjh Ma ya
fUJ bghUjkhd nknfhfis fhoaik
K. t. Jguj y ikF r hwhf sF
wJ. vD, jifa nknfhf Kjik
nehfkhf ftJ, iy gonghF RitFwhk
wdh nfhghLfis sFtnjahF . K. t.
bjh fha ghfis gy lf nknfh
fhLtj _y , jku wHhk wd hg
tsnjhfntL vD jkJ Fnfhi s
bjWJwh.
y aku
yaw _y wdh nfhghL
fis sF K.t. y a ti fikfis jkJ
yaku vD _y ww Msh.
ghFghL,fha,ehlf,eht,Wfij,ku vD
MW a fis bfhlik j yaku j
y a tifi kghil RU f brh sf
itF bgUikilaJ.
j ghL,ciueil vD bghJ ghFghL, j
yanfa mf, w vD ghFghL, tot
ga ghFghL vd Fljf ghtiffS
ghdfS motiuaiwia mogilahf bfhl
fzF, nkfzF vD ghFghL, W, gJ vd
ghl v if gaikj IFW W, rjf,

82

cyf nguhrh K.t.

82

gJgjhf mikj IFW cfsha

ntifgJ Kjad vW j midJ ghFghL
fis sF K.t., bghU ga ghFghLfis
ssh. mf, w, Iiz, nfhit, cyh, kl,
J, MWgil, UgbaG, isj, gu,
fy gf , ifaWi y M atiw vL JfhL
fSl ssh.
wehL yaf fhzgL jDz
ghL, vs bghU ga ghL, Kiyy ga ghL,
bkz ga ghL, g ga ghL, fha,
Mad FJ Kj a sFwh.
yt kdiy xoa ghFghL vD tif
xa ghL ( S ub je c ti ve p o et ry ), x wh ghL
(Objective poetry ) Matiw TWwh. Dz
ghL ( Lyrics ), gghL ( Hymns ) Matiw xa
ghLF vLJiughL ( Narrati ve Poetry ), fha
Matiw xwh ghLF cait vd sFwh.

83

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

83

ntWghLfis gongh kd gRikah g

ghFeil tHFwh.
brbjhl fUf,Clff Mat
tsah vj br kf kd M H
gtif mika ayhik mfhy nghW
fhy j f yh jiyt Fj gok
mik ahik mUbr a nghW g ki wJ
lik iuJbraglntoa thifKiw
f fhafis gojFa XikahY
jf bttU bjhlfijfS WfijfSnk
iwa ya Mtyuh nghwgLwd vd
fhaf njhw th nghd J vd
K.t.sFj wghf FljfJ.

gHfhJ fha mikig Mjj

mP sh vgt nfhghil sF K.t.
fhaf UbgU fsha fiy fha,
ts fha M ati w bgUfha,
Wfha Matiw thf vLJiuwh.

ehlf vD a fdhY brahY

JjFa ehlf ya tiffis yfz
ij bjWJwh.eogjF kLnk ca ehlf,
gogjF kLnk ca ehlf, eogjF gogjF
ca ehlf vD _tiffis eogtF mika
ntoa yfzfis awh. ehlf jbkh,
ehlf ciuahl, ehlf mik nghuhl, iz,
Ku, FKu, a, Ja Ma Utif
Kof vd midij TWtJl gil fhy
ehlf sa wij Mwh. Fwt, bjU
TJ, behoehlf Mait bgUj brthif
Inuha tUifF d Myfah ehlf
bgw a tsia ewh.

ygfhu fhy fhaF vtif

yfz Twglbjd bjahj iyia jo
yfzij fhyngh vGj gntW khWj
fis fha F tuy hF ilnaahd

eht vD a eht yfz, tifghL,

fijkhjnu fijTW eht, Ma fijTW eht,
tuyhW eht,Jg eht,foj,ehF _y
fi jTW eht, Wfij, ehlf MatF
ehtYF ilnaahd ntWghL Matiw j

yatiff cikFjd(Realistic literature)

fgid Fjd (Romantic literature) Mat a
fis njitia sFwh.

cyf nguhrh K.t.

84

84

bjhlffhy eht U j iyia W

bgWs tsia twh.

85

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

jtW

tW VnjD xW myJ itnghw VnjD

xW ey Wfij mogilahf mikayh vd K.t.
WfijF bjf tiuaiwia tHFtJl
fgt gilghwiy oLwh. Wfij
F a fLghLfis c iuahl, tUd iz, fU
Mat yfzfis awh.
K.t. xU gilgh vgjid gilgh
wdh g vGJnghJ m bgW wig
sf X vLJfhL fhzyh.
Wfij tUzid vthUfntL
bkgjid mtnu gilJ tH fhLwh.
jtW
ifto iya
vo ghnj.
egid fL
knj.

bghUj
ifto wJ. iya
gyif fbznu bjjJ.
btis w oa gyif
fUw vGJf bfhilahf
Mto vd bjjd. v
ifi a
ahnuh
bjhlJ

bghUj
czJ U ghnj.
egDila kyj Kf
KJ nghw gf njhw
sa KWtiy fnl.

WfijvD a Wfij yfzij

K.t.TW ea wghf mikJsJ.
Ritahd xU f myJ Niy mik;
ftahd xU fh;
beUdgl Wff;
xUt jg;
xU W mDgt;
thif xU bg;
mw czth isj xU f.

85

jifa brKiwsfij ntW nguha

fsh tHf ayhJ. nguhauhf, fPuhf,d
gilghahf f Wa K.t.mtfsh kLnk
tHfaY.
WfijJiw ghuahuh bt fhzKoa
iy vgij t.nt.R.Ia btbgwh vgij
K.t.mWLiuj e jidF Ubjdyh.
Wayhf mikJs ku bjh
fha Ta yakufis rf ya be
fi s tifgL bjhFjwJ. e beoa
ya ku jjikia yaJiw khztf
MJff Lnfhyh a mikJsJ.
bjhFJ T,K.t. ya ku; vD
j ya tifik fis totiki g ghF
ghil jHj midtU csbfhS tif
YiuJ jkhztf nkY it Fj jufis
fwa Lnfhyh fwJ vdyh.
ya Muh:
yaw wdh nfhghLfis mKf
gLJ ; yaku ya vd gntW
tifikfis bfhlikJsJ vd sF .
fha, ehlf, eht, Wfij vD Kjikthj
y atifik fis sFtJl mit vthW
tifgL sFwd vgij RofhL wJ.
mit gFfgLjFa mogilfis sFwJ. e

86

cyf nguhrh K.t.

86

j ya beoa ku g mGj
Ujkhf y fUJfis K.t.gbrJsh.
ya MuhvD Kj fLiu wdh
jji kia wig sF tif
mikJsJ. xU fhaij ffiHnth mj
Ma, mt thif, mtUila fhy, Niy
Kjatiw MFjh mjid tuyhW Muh
vnw bfhsntL . j Muh Kiwah
fha ga JgJ mJ.
m fha brhfY brhyikY _
bk ha benwh yfz f J iz
bfhnlh bragL Muh bkha Muh
ahfnth yfz Muhahfnthjh mik.j
MuhKiwfshY fha gilnehifnah
fP fU jiH j fgid ianah bghUisnah
mJbfhs ayhJ. fP mDgtij czJ
jh bgw ya mDgtij VidnahUl gJ
bfhS tif mik Muhia mDgt Muh
vwh K.t.j MuhKiwna wj ga eF
vgJ Vida U MuhKiwfS jF Jiz
eF tif ykhf fj ntLbkgJ
mt fUJ.
tuyhW fhaKvD ulh fLiu
ulDFilna fhzgL ntWghLfis
TWwh.tuyh fgidnfh cznfh J
liy.fhaJnfh itna mogilf. csij
TWtJ tuyhW. csij TWtJl csij idJ
TwY yJ idjY fha gilbefshf
mikwd vd K.t. sFwh.

87

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

87

mfyK MHKvD fLiu fJiw

fhzyhF Utif fKiwfis gajhF. mfy
cGj (Extensive Study) MH cGj (Intensive study) vD
U tif Kiwf M H mfy fF f
Kiwiana fiyaf eilKiw gL tUwd
vd K.t. TWj ws cikna ahF. j
mfw fF ca tif f Xus csd.
vd Mj fF catif fnsh ngha
ms csd. vd bjF K.t., Mj fFa
fS kKoahf ftJ UFw vd
bgUjJl vLJiuwh.
ey vD fLiu fis tifgL
fhLwJ . My mP uR fis mj
kneuJFa (Books for the Hour) vj fhyJF
ca vd UtifgLJwh. jid nknfh
fhL K.t., vyh fis fFkhW mWjhk
ffntoa fis kL fFkhW UtSt
mWJtjid idLwh. UtSt, snfh
Kjyhd rhnwhfis fhy e lUJ J
lhY mtj f eKlUJ vPhW ekF
tfhotUwd vd ey f thW rhnwh
f tfhLjiy ekfF fUJ fUybkd
fLiu _y K.t.sFwh. thW xbthU
fLiu xU jidRliu VtUwJ.
caj vd xU clnd nghwgL
Ltiy .xU bgUk ia c zu gy fhy
Mfyh.mP gy jiyKiw jiyKiwahf caj
Yfhf j thit ahf brtjhjh ,j
bgU ikia vy hRU b fhL bgU ik
xiwna sfitgjhjh m mah th
bgWwJ. ( caj )

88

cyf nguhrh K.t.

88

yaMuh btntW tifahf mikaTL

vw cikia czuhjt eLiyahf W Muha
KoahJ.yanrhiyD EiHj fiytlhf
gwJ g tif kzK EfU wb gw Mths,
csJ cz gtifgLsFtij nghnw
cz fiytotkhd yaK gtifgL
sFwbjdmJbfht.jisthf ya
Muh gtif vd bjJ bfht. (cs
gtif)
fU JntWghL f iwj ya c yf X
Ul ruij nghwJ.fgid ts, Xir g,
czw Kja gho wF fhuz fshf
mikgtiw Muha j ru th iy;
t iy. (Ul ru)
kfSF ftL bghGJnghF fiy
gi lfis jkh v gilf KobkD
mtwh brtK brthF clnd njotUbkD
mjid Ughk xJ jSj caj fiyPf
nkbfhS ahf MF. jkJ fhy jkF
vjifa gaid juhk kfshY wffgL
caj fiygilfis vfhy kjid
nkgLJjfhf giljF fiyPf bgU
ahf brwhf. (fiyP ahf)

89

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

89

czJnghW ber cilatf ey fis

ezl nghWtjhjh mit beoath
bgWwd. iuJ XoL L Ka nghy
ftf nj jLwd. W
jhdkhf brW Mik ngh bfhl Fnfhis
neh Knd brY flikz bfhltfsh
caj f ttahf nghwgL tUwd.
(KaY Mik)
bjhFahf bgoF it J ngzgL
bghUf iyUgJngh bjhFfshf bjhFJ
nghwgL ghlf iyUwd. (xWglh
cL th)
jH ey fgidts gilj fhaf gy
tiw gHfhy gilfhk nghdJ kzK vY
f kyf ilJ khiyf bjhLJ efhjJ ngh
xU Fiw. (kyU khiy)
xeank ghL fiy cl; fgid dnt
c. ghL fiy th bryid bahona
mikJsJ. vdnt, clgh m cuh mt vgJ
ghLfiyF bghUjkhd cikjh. (cU cl)

mtyRit tHF fiygilng beoJ nghw

gL wJ. eilKiw th J gkhf s x nw
fiyto bgWnghJ a gkhf ga jUwJ.
(fiy fU)

kj FHij nghw czf iyUJ

miyF tsJtUwh. ghL mtDnfg
tsJtUwJ. cziyF gagL kw
fiyf nd Vf, ghLfiy mtUJ
LjiybgW kjDF njhHdh KndWwJ.
(gho Ljiy)

af rf ngh clnd brthF bgW

clnd mJ nghLwd. ey f cldoahf
kfbrthif bgwKotiy. fhybrybry
mi t kf c s C iy bgW wd. MH

xea,cz vD U brtfis gilJs

ghL irbrtij JwJ Ea va xea
bgW, caj czF KjikaFnghJ mah
wid bgWwJ.(gho Jw)

90

cyf nguhrh K.t.

90

yfz yaij fLgLJtJ bghU

jhJ. ya thW mikJsJ vd flJ
TWtnj yfz g.y fSF fLgL
tjh xU y a M ti y.Md h wj
fis fL vGait fshf iybgWwd.
(vS vbz)

91

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

91

ytnuh kf thit caJ fiynehf bfhL

fhjiy ghLwh.vdnt gilgt caj nehfnk
fiyia caJwJ vdyh.(ca jh)
fgid cyfnjhL beUa cw clh
jU xeaij eF EfU w fha fgjF
mogilahF. (fF Kiw)

myfz goJ njJ mJnt yikF t

vW kaat aW brf fhjnjhl
nghwit. (fhjnjhl)

mfbjG (Inspirat ion) yhjtf fghl

KgLj Ka. (ghL jF)

vG goF rlF brSF ya cy

l iy. (rlF br)

Fzeho FwK eho mtW, ifeho f

bfhsvD UFw ya MuhFa
tKiwia awJ. (Muhgof)

wj fiytsij bgw t mij kwJ mgh

cs cikia ehLtnj MF. (cs x)
rka rfis f rfis ghLfiy
VgLUfyh.Mdh kjehff tsF
ghLfiy xU wj fhuz khf UJ tJsJ
vgjid kwf ayhJ. gho nfL gHa ghL,
btW fgid gazkhf fhk, gkhd fiy
gazkhf khWwJ.jifa ghLfiyia kdh
lnt KoahJ. ( l KoahJ)
ma ghlf gy tUfhy fW
mantlhj gFfshf Hf tJL.Mdh
vnghJ kf csij bjhL,cz vD
Ciw bgUftyjhf ya iybgW sF.
(maY yaK)
xU bg thit g Cuh ngbfhtJ
my (gbrh) vW JTwgLwJ.mjidna
yt ghLnghJ fiyahwJ.Cuh btWRit fU
mtSila fhjiy ngRt g fhwd.

nkfhlgl UgijJ fLiufS (jiy

mi lFF) fiyf j b jhlJ
btlglit vD br F FljfJ.
ya M uh F mogilaha sF
cikfis-j khzt kLk - ya Mty
midtU mJbfhS tz 1953-M MLF
(53- btahsJ.) Kdnk K.t. btLsh.
F fhlgLs _W fS wdh
fiyia X afkhfnt K.t.elaikia ygLJ
Mtzf vdyh. j gY khztfS jHha
fS wdh <LghL bfhs K.t. j fS
mt mtnghJ btL tj Xt br Kja
ya MfSnk fhuzkhd.ff Fahf
yhj m fhy yfthfS Fiwthf Uj
NH ya mogilfi s fns
czd. xea ga ghi l cz
TWf Kjikia rhWfSl vLJiuJ
wdhF xU wjiy gfiyfHfkhf K.t.
g mikUjJ.

cyf nguhrh K.t.

92

92

M, mt Ma gf wig m fhy
NHiy v ghuhk y K.t.it kdnghd
ngh FiwTWtJ tUjjfJ.
K.t., yawdh f khzt fSF
ya mogilfis ya tiffis sF
nehf vGjgLsd. ya wdh fUJiy
rhj af K.t., rhgw iyia filowh.
ya Muhagl ntoa bghUfshf cz, fgid,
tot vw _iw FLwh. _Y cz
Tiw mG ngRwh. ya Muh vgJ f t
yaij mQfhk yaF UJ fis
tUw tUiy wdhthf Ufn t Lbk d
fUJwh. K.t., ya Muhia cz bt
ghL bfhifrhj mDgt Muhahf fUJwh. bghGJ
nghF mr rhj #durf yaF vuhf nkoik
jd iwj ca ya vw xiw tWJwh. K.t.,
ca ya vw fUJiyF Mjhukhf UgJ
xGf rhj mwany. K.t. yawdh f
y a mogil TWfis s fhLwd.
wdh bjhlfiy TWfis bjhLfhLwd.
wdh fUJiy rhj thjfSFnsh, wdh
mLj fl tsahd ya bfhif gFFnsh
mit bryiyvd nguha gh.MdjFkh FLwh.
(K.t. ya wdh f - xU kL-W iza
j)

K.t. _W fis kLnk mogilahf

bfhL MdjFkh xU jtwhd fUJnfhis Kbkh
wh. wdhnfhghLfis mKfgLJ
_W fis kLnk mogilahf bfhL K.t.
wdh nfhghLfis g fUJ TWj jtW.

93

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

93

kzL, Xtbr, fz, khj, Kiyiz,

beLbjhif UJ, FWbjhif UJ,eiz UJ,
eiz brt, FWbjhif brt, eilto,
bfhFnj thif, yt f, snfh mof,
ya fhf Kja K.t. midJ fis
fW mtW K.t. nfhghLf ga jufis
bjhFjdnu MdjFkh jkJ Koig fl
Uf ntL.
ng uha m .r. Ph.- yafiy
KgFia mobahajhf ya w mikJsJ.

v D M djFkh TW K.t.it FiwJ

kLtJ kLkW; U fis MHgofhk
.iubjLfgl tGTW.
nguha K.t., mtfSF r_f gghoa
ff rh iyf btgilahf vJyhjjh,
yawdh Fj aY mnj rhgw
iy ia filoJ sh vd fUjy hvD
MdjFkh fUJ j kWkyfhf U..f.t
WiHj K.t. vLJfhlhd bghJthit
ga b j mtUF J iy vgi j
fhLwJ.
K. t. ya k u, m.rh. Phdrgj
ya fiy nghw f Ar My
jGtf. ( j y a krd tuyhW)
vD TW K.t. iyna gofhk tHfgl
vdyh.
fahsf jifa Mugfhy f
yt Fiwf fhzlwd. jfSbfd xU
fnzhl, My nknfhfis xU fyitahf
gagLsd. vd TW nguha f.grhf,

94

cyf nguhrh K.t.

94

K.t.cgl wdhfhd fiybrhyhf

Js jtWfis tj Rofhosh.
vd tjia Jiz fi Hwh. (j y
awdh tuyhW-g.77)
K. t. ya k u, m.rh. Phdrgj
ya fiy nghw f Ar My
jGtfvD b ghUjh T b ghi kia
F RofhlntL.
ya tifikfis ga bjit tHF
tif K.t. iy lLsh.mjbfd vj
Kk hi a mt gwi y.njitgL
lf jkJ fU JF munrF t z
My wdhthsfis nknfh fhLwh.
ghFghL, fha,ehlf,eht,Wfij vD IJ
a f nk nfhfis goaL
fhodh D sfkhf U F. (fhfiz) UgbjL mPf fUJ
njitnfg nknfhfis gagLsh. vj
iy mt jG vG iy vgJ bjw
ygLwJ.
yaij Jbfhs ciuahafisna
eUj khztfSF wdhit ga bjj
ghit VgLaJl Jw wdh <LghL
bfhs brjJ K.t.fns vD cikia kWf
ay hJ.Inuha mbkf wdh fis
mKfgL X cyfghit jkhzhfF Vgl
fhuzkhUjit K.t. fns vD cikia
wfJL bghUjh FwrhLfis K.t.
f J m RtJ ekwj bra.jwdh
tuyhW mah br bra vdyh.

95

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

95

jHPfSF JikUfSF vnghJnk

go X zF rY fjtz U gJ
jya tuyhW fhL cik.nt vD
(br-m 1933) j 1933-M ML V..Ruka
Ia Tajid F Ro fhlUnw
j y a M mQFKiw jdJ giHa
iyghLfUJ lbgaJtu ntoa fhy
tJlJ.j yaK jghtyfS fhy
yawdh nfhghLf mogil Mj
aglntL. ji d ei lKiwgL jF j
_ykhf fhy Jikg gutntL.J f
njit. iwa jgojf-yikftfshf
UjhY-Jik gghLF atfshf Uwhf.
a mQFKiwf t yaij mQF M
KiwF mtfsh vjifa gfi g Mw
KoahJ.
(nt-br-m.1933)
(The time has come when the method of study of Tamil
literature has to be drawn away from its old moorings. Tamil literature
and the Tamil poets have to be studied from the standpoint of the
principles of modern literary criticism and evaluated afresh. To make
this possible a wide diffusion of modern culture through the medium
of Tamil is absolutely essential. It is clear that the Tamil pandits of the
present day, most of whom are, in spite of their erudition, strangers
to modern culture, cannot make any effective contribution to bring
about this consummation.)
vj jgojfSF a mQFKiwf
bjahJ vd V..R. fUdh? 1933-M Mo go
xU fUij Tdh mJ KGrfhia nrh
kiwF Kajh. fhy wdh jijvd
rhiy siua, ifyhrg Mnahuh nghwgl

96

cyf nguhrh K.t.

96

Ukz brtnfrtuha Kjah 1897-M Monyna

Mywdhbef a x fgid MJ
jkJ wdhfLiufis jhj if vD
j bjhlfLiuahf btLsh .kiwkiyaof,
wdh f KiyghL Muhiu 1903-M
MoY god ghiy Muhiu 1906-M MoY
bttJsd.tiw gofhk thW xU fUij
TUjh mtuJ yikF GF; tiw xUntis
go UJ mj thW TUjh mtuJ
gghLF MehffJF khwh fsf.
~J xUwUf thW Myf tW
wd h nkb fhsntoaJ vtif njit
vgJ bjthf myJ bjthfgl ntL.
gfiyfHf tshffY MtuffY
W cyh tUtd Inuha mbkf ya nfhghL
fnsahF. e gghL NHUJ KY khWgl
ntbwhU gghL NH gilfbgw yafis
mit mogilahf bfhlikjit. m nfhghL
fis e yaf bghU ghgJ vd
bghUJ? jF tGit Inuhaikathj (Euro
centr i s m) vg. Jiknehf wdhthsU a
ji yKiw nguh aU Inuhaikathj mQF
Kiwna jkJ Fnfh vd bfhLbragLwd.
ulhu MLfSF K njha y
afis UW MLfSF K gilfgl nfh
ghLfis mogilahf bfhL fhgJ njitah?
tuyhW y, fhyNH, fP nehf it
aid Jnk xU fijia bghU bfhs,fP
csij Mja JizgaF.mtif rf
yaf tuyhW yijnah fhyNHiynah
tf fz vLJbfhlJlh?

97

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

97

jehL NHYF-Ma NHYnf-bghUjhj

Inuha mbk f nfhghL fis mogilahf
bfhL gilghsUl ngh bjhLgj bgajh
wdhth? e yafis mogilahf bfhL
ehnk yanfhghLfis tiuaiw brtij ah
jLjh?
K.t. wdh fis KGtJ gW
mt mogil v ghFnghJ, mt
Kb kh y anfhghL db jd c
Jzuyh.
MgFnuh vD wdhths yaij
g Ta bjhl xW f f bgwJ.K. t.
mtfS MgFnuh fis gW gylf
mtj UJ nknfhfis fhosh.
ya th fzho(Literature is the Mirror of life)
vD MgFnuh tiuaiw midtU mj
xW. y a th it fhL f zhoahf
sFt K.t.mtfSF ir iy. xGf
wfS tGfS bewfS thoifahf
kj iy mjF thifia fzho ngh
vb uh J fhLtjh vd ga? sjiy
Kiwdiu jtwhd t ir U xGfnfL
iwj rKjaij cUtikfnt mjifa nghF
ttFF.
ya thit, thifbeia nkgLJtjhf
mi kantL vgJ K.t. nfhghL MF .
thifbeia nkgLJtnj ya (Literature is that
which illuminates life.) vD nfhghnl ya cyFFcyf yafSFjh - K.t. Kbkh nfhghL.
bjhfhaU rfrhnwhU ciuahafS
jkWky rhnwh midtUnk Vw nfh

98

cyf nguhrh K.t.

98

ghilna y anfhghlhs vD tif

K.t.tHsh.
mtUila midJ fSnk nfhghiljh
tWJwd.vLJfhLF KiyizvD
ya Miyfhngh.
xU y Kiy fghlfis vL Jfho
(K iyf.9, & Kiyf. 16,) mit xGf
Fatfis g mikUgjh ya Mfh vd
K.t.mWLwh.
it fbjhif njh thif g
TW gFf y. csij csthW TWj wj
fiy mW; canjhkhL ftjid vnyhF
bghJth TWtnj ey yakhF. mtif
gFf Fiwiladnt MF. fhy fyg
f Maiu g ghL ghLf tiwl
iy mikJsd. mfeh}W eiz Kja
tW cs Kiyiz ghLfnshL xUF
itJ fUjjfhjit mit.
vdnt K.t. yawdh mQFKiw
ida fPf tWa, V.. uh ga
cz btghL bfhif rhjjhf mi k
JsJ vD Ko iHilaJ; eLiy jta
TWf K.t. wdh jifik KGik J
bfhshk vLfgl iuj Kof.
K.t. ca ya vw fUJ iyF
Mjhukhf UgJ xGf rhj mwany.vW
fLiu X l TW MdjFkh knwhl
ya ghLbghU, r_f cslf af
K.t., mfiw brYjiy vW bjwh.

99

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

99

xnu fLiu go KDF Kuz hd

fU Jfis Twyhkh? r_ f cslf rhj
brf mfiw brYjhjt vgo xGf rhj
mwaiy tWj Ko?
Ugjh who KgF Ji z
wdh fis goJ nk nfh fhoa xU
nguhaiu TwKokh?
dhfSbfyh xnu iljh. wdh
Jiw Ezua K.t. it xLbk hjk hf
wff KobrJlJ vgJjh mj il.
fhUsh Na jh kiwtJnlh? vD
dhnt e ilah UfKo.
r_fa,khla,r_f csa, uhoa,
bga Kjyhd gntW r_f mJiwf kyU
ja nfhghL fis gog Mt fhL
nguhaf Kj rf yafis gt
Mt fhlntL. r_f mJiw nfhghLfis
msnfhyhf itJbfhL mt ghit rf
brfUJ nknfhfis bjhFf KgLj
mogilnyna iH myth?
rf g mjd K.t. fis
fwY KD ik tHf glnt oad. mj
mtf vjifa Jfis gojhY ku Fj
bj it yaFa mQFKiwi a
brtnd bgWthf. nfhghL fzhofis Kj
mJbfhL e Kndh yafUyij
ghjh ijahd fhf mtfSF VgLtJ
mtiw T mtf eik kULtJnk isthf

100

cyf nguhrh K.t.

100

UF. jidna iwa y a cy fL

tUnwh.
ciu TWtY sfkgY neu ij
brYtj jHhafis wdhthsfshf kha
bgUik K.it.na rhU.rf yafis fngh
K.t.fis wj rf yafis kL
g wh mtfSila rf ya m KGik
bgwjhf uhJ. jkJ fhy wdh f
midij fW jyanfw wdh
beiabjJzJ bra yafsh rf
yafis mKfgLJ tifY wdh
br tifY UgJehF fis a
wdhtsF K.t.Ms g kiyD
khz bgJ.

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

101

101

iz
ya ku- gagLjbgw nknfh f
n knfh fh lgl
m P bga
M y

n knf h
fh lgl
m P bga
j

g f v

y a
ku g f
v

W .H.Hudson

g..30

-do -do -do -do -

.
.
.
.

A n introduct ion to
t he study of
literature pp.111 -3

S.J.Brown

P.H.B.Ly on

Ibid.p.317-319
Ibid.p .313
Ibid.p .312
Ibid.p .313
The Realm of
Poetry-p.120
The d iscovery of
Poetry - p.85

g.34
g.51
g.197
g.199

g.34

g.41
g.32

do

C.T.W inchester

do-do -

.
.

Aspects of Poetryp.13
Ibid.p .381
Some prin ciples of
literary criticismp.275
Ibid-p .274
Ibid-p .274

Ibid-p .274

g.66

.
.
.
.

Ibid-p .277
Ibid-p .290
Ibid-p .290
Ibid.p.48

g.68
g.105
g.105
g..181

L.Abercrombie

The Epic.p.15

g..46

-do -

Ibid.p.40-41

g..53

-do -

Ib id. p.26

g..54

-do -

J.L.Lowes

J.C.Shairp

-do -do -do -do -do -

Ibid.p.1 7

Convention an d
R evolt in
Poetryp.215

g.47
g.34
g.45
g.47

g.59
g.41

cyf nguhrh K.t.

102

nknfh fhlgl
mP bga
My
-do-do-

nknfh
fhlg l
mP bg a
j
.
.

C.M.Bowra

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

A.C.Bradley

T.S.Eliot

I.A.Richards

-do-

R.M.Alden

-doJ.B.Wilson

102

103

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

gf v

y a
ku gf
v

nknfh fhlgl
mP bga
My

nknfh
fhlgl
mP bga
j

Ibid.p.86

g.189

-do-

Ibid.p.54
Heroic Poetry
-p.404
Ibid.p.32
Ibid.p.57&
Ibid.p.58
Heroic Poetry
- p.404
Ibid.p.215
Ibid.p.216
Ibid.p.253
Ibid.p.2
Ibid.p10
Ibid.p29
Ibid.p.40-41
Ibid.p.220
Ibid.p.150
Ibid.p.510
O xford lectures on
Poetry p.71&p.89
The U se of Poetry
and the use of
criticism-p.153
The Three voices
of Poetry.p.4
Ibid.p.6
Principles of
literary criticismp.231

g.192
g.55
g.193
g.193
g.55
g.56
g.58
g.58
g.62
g.62
g.63
g.63
g.64
g.64 g.65
g.66

gf v

103
ya
ku gf
v
g.86

.
.
.

Ibid.p.86
English Literaturep.98
Ibid.pp.98-99
Ibid.p.104
Ibid

J.C.Shairp

Ibid.p.51

g.87

-do-

Ibid.p65

g.199

-do-

Aspects of
Poetry.p.58

g.101

Ibid.p.17& p.18

g.196

-do-do-do-do-

R.Williams

g.75
g.82
g.83
g.83

-do-

Drama from Ibsen

to Eliot- p.276

g.83

-do-

Ibid.p.227

g.84

-do-

Ibid.p.36

g.88

-do-

Ibid.p.28

g.89

-do-

Ibid.p.30

g.91

-do-

g.102

-do-

-do-do-do-

Discoveries.p.148
The Problem of
Style.p.31
Ibid.p.48
Ibid.
Ibid.p.148

-do-

g.160

G.Brandes

Ibid.p.14
Main Currents in
Nineteenth
Century Literaturep.222

g.79
g.68
g.86
g.171
g.70

Ibid.p.214

g.72

An introduction to
Poetry-p.79

g.70

g.127
g.135
g.137
g.140

g.190

cyf nguhrh K.t.

104

nknfh fhlgl
mP bga My

nknfh
fhlgl
mP bga
j

W.S.Maugha m

-do-

gf v

104
ya
ku gf
v

-do-

Hesketh Pearson

A Writers
Notebook-P. Not
Mentioned
A Writers
Notebook-P. Not
Mentioned
A Writers
Notebook-P. Not
Mentioned
Dickens.p.69

-do-

Ibid.p.88

g.149

Richard Church

g.106

-do-

nknfh
fhlgl
mP bga
j
.

??.?.

gf v

105
ya
ku gf
v

Ibid.p.121
Contemporary
Literature.p.157
Literary
Appreciation.p.241
The Modern Short
story.p.16
The Modern Short
story.p.19

g.128
g.144
g.158
g.157

g.149

H.E.Bates

g.103

-do-

Ibid.p.24

g.159

g.166

Ananda K.Coomaraswamy

S.Kuppuswami Sastri

Ibid.p.21
The
Transformation of
Nature in Art-p.44
Highways and
Byways of Literary
criticism.p.42

-do-

Ibid.p40

g.153

do

Ibid.p.14

g.153

-do-

C.E.M.Joad

g.125

-do-

A.H.R.Ball

Guide to Modern
Thought.p.235
Ibid.
Ruskin as Literary
Critic.p.58
The Art of Literary
Study.p.141
The Judgment and
Appreciation of
Literature.p.122

-doH.E.Bates

.
.
.
.
.

T.G.Tucker

Peter Westland

g.110

-do-dodo-do-do-

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

nknfh fhlgl
mP bga My

g.128

The Growth of the

English Novel.p.8
Ibid.pp.126-127
Ibid.pp171-172
Ibid.p.180
Ibid.p.3.
Ibid.p.186

H.B.Charlton

105

-do-

g.107
g.114
g.114
g.134
g.136

g.112
g.115
g.113
g.121

g.158

g.190

g.178

K.t .yaw YF
gagLbfhL moFis tHs
f goa:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
6
7
8

Brown S.J.-The Ream of Poetry

Mathew Arnold-Essays in Criticism
Richards I.A. - Science and Poetry Principles of Literary Criticism
Lyon P.H.B. - The Discovery of Poetry
Winchester C.T. - Some Principles of Literary Criticism
Bradley A.C. -Oxford Lectures on Poetry
Abercrombie L. - The Idea of Great Poetry
- Principles of Literary Criticism
Quiller-couch A.- Adventures in Criticism

106

cyf nguhrh K.t.

9
10

Moll E.G. - The Appreciation of Poetry

Joad C.E.M. - Counter Attack from the East
,,
Guide to Modern thought
He Hass C.E. - Nature and the country in English Poetry
Herbert Read - Wordsworth
Shairp J.C. - Aspects of Poetry
John Ruskin -(Book not mentioned)
Shelly P.B. A Defence of Poetry
Eliot T.S. The use of Poetry and the use of Criticism
Alden R.M. - An introduction to Poetry
Lowes I.L. - Convention ad revolt in Poetry
Woodberry G.E. -The Inspiration of Poetry
McNeill Dixon W. - Tragedy
Ball A.H.R. - Ruskin a Literary critic
Wordsworth - Prefaces and Essays on Poetry
Sankaran A. -Some Aspects of Literary Criticism in Sanskrit
Tolstoy - What is Art?
Murray J.M. - Discoveries
Trelawney E.J. -The Life of P.B. Shelly
Hesketh Pearson - Dickens
Dawson W.J.-The Makers of Modern English
Christopher Caudwell- Illusion and Reality
Prescott F.C. - The Poetic Mind
Frye N. - Anatomy of Criticism
Peter Westland - Literary Appreciation
Felkin F.W. - The Craft of the Poet
Tucker T.G. -The Judgment and Appreciation of Poetry
Ridley M.R. -Poetry and the ordinary Reader
Henry Bergson -The Laughter
Prof.Butcher -Harvard Lectures
Somerset Maugham W.-A Writer's Note-book
George Eliot --(Book not mentioned)

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

106

107

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

107

8. cyfnguhrh K.t.
K.t. cs jhs; a cs; bjhYy
bfyh xnw vd cyfxUikghL nga caj
cs; kj d g m MwY
X thH tsu mt iHjij mt vGJf
vLawd.
bjhLf jiyaha bjhL,tWik ghtK
mahik _leif eho cjtJ mW;
mtfhd cyf mikig khWtnj MF. tWik
Kjatiw <if Kjiyatwh xf Kidjh,
mj bjhL Xus gagL; xU ynf gagL;
cyf Uis f xUo myJ y Lf sF
VWtJ nghJkh? uhfhyijna kh bghGJ oa
brJ PhW njh f gugntlhth?
(UtSt myJ thifsf-g.50-51) vD
K.t. dh bghU bghj dh;rKjhauia
L dh.
..200 0 v D jkJ fdyf fhL id
ya fhf xbthiw ciHig ika
gL na mik Jsh. f, Muh, yf,
bghGJnghF, njj, MKiw, jlid midJnk
ciHig ika bfhljhfnt mikJsik Fl
jfJ. ULj, bfhisaoj nghwit fHhj
brikahd fhy xwid fgid fhQwh.
mjifa Fwff f fhzglhk fljfhy

108

cyf nguhrh K.t.

108

tuyhW brfshf - gf brhjUgitahf

kLnk UfToa fhynk t Fnfh fhy.
g Tlf fhfsh kF fh mnf
y.. fhj thF jilfnsJkw NH myf
NH ; mj isthf flw m thif
isF kfSF mJnt ikahLwjh.xUt
wjh bdhUt cLw mty VgLwjh,
mij jgJ vgo vgJjh mF thjbghUsh.
fUJRit gaF fgidyf.
muR vgJ mlFKiwfUahf sfhk kj
cik jiwthf jiynthL mik fhyij
fgid brJsh. bghJik gfS rkiy
rKjhaK vLJfhlhf mikw xU wf
bghJilik rKjhaij fd f Lsh.
..2000 vD mt fd j 2011 tjD vlh
fahfnt sFwJ.
cyfJnf bghJthd bga Fiwf uL csd.
_leif xW; Mlgu kbwhW. (brjhkiu-g.23)

vd rKjha neheho mj r_f kUJt K.t.

j U bgU Fi wfns gntW njfSF
mrhfshf cj mti w cyhtu br wd.
tff bfhis MjhaF mogilfshf
mikJsd. ClffS jfS bgUbjhif
uobfhs ttif brwd. kh kh mik
jiyikfSF tyuR nkhjf <LgL tsgilj
ehLfSF kjrKjha j uL Fiwfns
thtJtUwd. CHYF RulYF itna
jl mi kJbfhL wd. rkaf bgai u
brh nkyhik brYj dgLbfhiy f
bfhL nj U f j _lei f

109

Kidt kiwkiy yFtdh

109

MlguKnk fs mikJ bfhLJsd. ik

fis bjnth cwfUJ bjGt vg
Iaiy.
j Ub gU Fiwfis fisa xU kd
eykUJtuhf braglt-W jkJ f t
bragL tUgt-K.t. mtfnsaht.
kdey kUJt fJ fyjh jbahU
tUfhdJ. xU rKjha KGikFnk jkJ vGJf
_y fyjh fJ Mw bgwtf rKjha
jidahsf.
rKjha KGikFkhd fyjh fJ Mw
bgwit K.t. mtf dfS fLiufS.
mtiw C gongh cik bj gFt
bgwh cs f L ; kd fti y gwJ
nghL; nrh F; RWRW wF; jh
kdghik mfY; jdif CbwLF; jdy
vzf jfJ bghJi ka F; r hrka
Rtf oJ behWF. njhHik vz JyF;
cf mid J xnw vd vQ cnea
xUikghL cUthF; aif NH aikahik
czU kjrKjha braif tyhikUJ
Ljiy bgL.
bk aehlnk f yfh yF;
tf thik be W ts tik
isF; nfhfS njthyafS
jfhfS ahd br i kafshf
midtU ToL r_fbghJey ikafshf sF.
jiyiktghL fhzhk nghL. e ez
fKnk thbeahf nghwgL.

110

cyf nguhrh K.t.

110

cnea xUikghL jiHnjh cyf xU bgh

fhyij fhz tfhoa, W jkJ f _y
cy frKjhanf tfho bfh oU w K. t.
mtfis cyfnguhrh vd miHj bghUJ
knwh?
cy fnguhrh K. t. mtf jidfis
cyfbkhf midY gunth. UtStU
jhkhdtU tsyhU fhoa tia - cnea
xUikghLbeia - ghfhbkh ghbuyh nghl
gua m bgUjif fdit edthFjny mtUF
eh brYJ efl vg Iaiy.