&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
(yxr "n0wD)
om;awmfpEN&mrif;// om;awmfaZ,pEN&mrif;? rif;.om;
awmfarmuQpEN&mrif;? rif;.om;awmf*kepEN&mrif;? rif;.om;
awmf ol&d,i,fonf om;=uD;qkH;jzpfonf// rif;.om;awmf uH&m
Zm=uD;/ bDoENmrdzk&m;ESifh 'kwd,a0omvDjrdK@udk zsufjyD;v#if/ "n0wD
jrdK@awmfudkwnfawmfrlavownf;//
1// uHZmi,frif;quf wdk@.ta=umif;?

xdkodk@uH&mZm=uD;ESifhbDoENmrdzk&m;ESifhzGm;jrifawmfrlaom uH&mZmi,f
onf zcrnf;awmfewf&GmvGefjyD;v#if/ "n0'DjrdK@awmfY eef;wufawmfrl
avonf//
rif;.om;awmftdENol&d,rif;/ .om;awmf tol&dENol&d,rif;?
om;awmf0&rdwWrif;// rif;.om;awmfodD&dykwWrif;/ rif;om;
awmfol&d,rif;/ rif;.om;awmfrif;xD;/ rif;.om;awmf rif;bm//
rif;.om;awmf pnfabmifrif;? rif;om;awmfuHwdkif;oifrif;?
rif;nDawmf ausmfacgifpifrif;? rif;om;awmfol&d,pEN0dwfrif;?
rif;om;awmfteEMw,rif;?rif;om;awmfvusFmpnfolrif;=uD;?
rif;.om;awmf od[*krBDrif;? rif;.om;awmf tkHrf;vDrif;?
rif;om;awmfy'yfarG;rif;? rif;om;awmf aZ,eHolrif;? rif;.
om;awmfouU"rif;? rif;om;awmf oD0&m*frif;/ rif;om;
awmfrif;vSar$;rif;? rif;om;awmf e&dENp// rif;om;awmf
od'<ukrRm&rif;? rif;om;awmfrif;vS=uD;/ rif;vSi,f[k ESpfyg;&Sdawmf
rlavonf// rif;om;awmf ov&mZmrif;? rif;om;awmf.
rdzk&m;eENbD? rif;.om;awmfeEN&d*E<b?D rif;om;awmfpENol&d,
rif;?

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
rdzk&m;*E<bD?
rif;.om;awmfpENmol&d,rif;?
rdzk&m;"eHbD
4if;rif;.om;awmf ol&eENmrif; rdzk&mm; ok&eENm?
rif;.
om;awmfonf rif;quftqHkrf;Y rif;qufuH&mZm=uD; tEG,fawmf
(28) quf&Sdavonf?
xdk@aemufr[mEG,frif;wd@k .tEG,fawmfrif;
quftAd&mZmrif;eef;wufawmfrlavonf?
xdktcgom;awmfpENdrm? rdzk&m;pEN&moD?
4if;rif;om;oD&dpENrif;// rdzk&m;rm&bD? rif;
nDawmf
[&rif;rDzk&m;0dokrdbD?
rif;om;awmfoD[Ekrif;?
rdzk&m;pr`mbD? rif;om;awmfy,murif;? rdzk&m;a&m[eEND? rif;
om;awmfeDv*k%rif; rdzk&m;rmEkbD? rif;om;awmf a&m[*keD rif;?
rdzk&m;a&m[eHbD// rif;om;awmf oD&d*kerif;? rdzk&m;ormbD?
rif;wlawmf orefZmrif; rdzk&m;*ENmbD? rif;om;awmf ukrRm
&rif; rdzk&m;bmok0?
rif;om;awmfoufuDjzlrif; rdzk&m;*D&d
ukrRm&D// rif;om;awmfowif;OD; rdzk&m;rmvm&ef? rif;om;awmf
aZw0ef rdzk&m;vm%m&D? rif; om;awmfrnDP,ygrif; rdzk&m;oD'g&?
rif;om;awmfukrRm&0dokurif; rdzk&m; a&$Zif;=uef? rif;om;
awmf0gokrvrif;rdzk&m;rnPLem&D//
**F,smOf rif;om;awmfol&dENrif; ? 4ifrif;nDawmf &mvrpukrif;?
rif;om;awmf emvr,krif; rdzk&m;0gokr?rif;om;awmf0"ukefrif;
rdzk&m;orRmbD? rif;om;awmf0dok&mZmrif; rdzk&m; umuok%?
rif;om;awmfoD&d&mZmrif;. rdzk&m; ukrRm&H uzGg;jrifawmfrlaom
pENmol&d,rif;jrwf rdzk&m; pENrmvm? pENa'0D? urR&ma'0D// rdzk&m;
oHk;yg;ESifh eef;pefawmfrlavonf? rif;onf a*g"rRbk&m; yGifh awmf
rlI bk&m;udkawmfjrwf.udkpm;awmfjzpfaom? r[mrk%D&kyf&Sif awmf
jrwfudk oGrf;vkyfvsuf udk;uG,fawm f rlavonf? ouU&mZf(147)
ckeSpf jzpfavonf//
4ifouU&mZfonf// bdk;awmf tOP%rif;
ouU&mZf jzpfavonf?
rif;om;awmf
ol&d,m"dAwdrif;
rdzk&m;ol&d,m&HoDrdzk&m;onf? eSpfr&if;ok0uv#m wnf;[laom
pENol&d, rif;qufaygif; (24)quftqHk; ol&d, wdkif;pEN&mrif; (9)
25? "n0'DjrdKwnfvsuf
a0omvDausmufavSum;
jrdL@ESifhqufvsufae=uaom
rif;qufwdk@.ta=umif;?

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
qufwGiftqHkrf;rif; plvwnP pEN&mrif;jzpfavonf? xdkrif;wdk honf?
"n0'DjrdK hudkzsufjyD;v#if? wwd,a0omvDjrdK@wnfIrif;vkyfawmfrl=u
avonf// udk;quftqHkrf;rif;. om;awmfirifiwHk;rif;i,fonf?
tjrxltjr ulyJjzljrHkrf;rif;wd@konf a0omvDjrdk hawmfY rif;vkyfvsuf&Sd
aeaoma=umifh/ aemifawmfacwWoifrif;eSifh yk*H~jynfY? tavmif;
pnfolrif;tm; ta=umif;=um;=uavonf? xdktcg tavmif;pnfol
onf a0omvD jrdKhawmfodk@csD wufvmjyD;v#if?jrLrif;wdk@udk az&Sm;jyD;
v#if cdwWoifrif;udk eef;wifawmfrlcJhavonf? ouU&mZfaomfum;
(416)ckESpfjzpfavonf? ?ol&d,a&Eka'ga'g&o udrf; jzdhK;jyD;rS ouU
&mZfjzpfavonf?
cdwWoifrif;onfa0omvDjrdKh teD;uHokH;qifhjrdK hY
ewf&GmpHavonf?
prB0ufjrdKhESifhy&drf
xdkaemufirifiwHkrif;onf?a0omvDjrdK@udkzsufjyD;
jrdKhawmfwdkhYrif;qufwdk@ v#if? prB0ufjrdK@odk@ajymif;awmfrlavonf?
.ta=umif;?
om;awmf pENoifrif;? rif;om;awmf rif;&if
jzLrif;? xdkrif;onf yOPjrdK hodk h=uGawmfrlavonf? rif; om;awmf
em*ol&d,rif;? rif;om;awmf ol&d,&mZmrif;? rif;om;awmf
aumvD,rif;? rif;vufxufY r[mrk%dbk&m;udk &Srf;wdk hvmI
zsuf=uav&m r&Ekdifay; xm;cJh&avonf? rif;om;awmf rif;jzL=uD;
?rif;om;awmfpnfobifrif;? rif;.aemifawmfrif;eefol? rif;
.om;awmfonfrif;vmaw? rif;om;awmf rif;ukvm;? rif;
om;awmfrif;bDvl;?
riffom;awmf 0a&mif;iSuf? xdktcgtrwf
oifc&moOf wdkif;jynfudkykef*efIrif;vkyfaeonf? xdkrif;udk 0a&mif;
iSufrif;u ykef*efjyD;v#if rdzk&m;apmppfESifh eef;wufawmfrlavonf?
xdkaemufaemifawmfrif;oHeef;wufawmfrlavonf? rif;om;awmf
rif;ywd? rif;om;awmf vusfmrif;eef vusfmrif;eefonf
prB0ufjrdK@rSy&drfjrdK@odk@ajymif;jyD;v#if? eef;pefawmfrlavonf? ouU&mZf
(515 ) ckESpfjzpfavonf? rif;.om;awmfoD[bmrif;? rif;om;
&mZm=uD;rif;? rif;om;om*D0if=uD;?
rif;om; om*D0ifi,f?
rif;. om;awmfaumvd,rif;jrwfonf ouU&mZf (562)

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
ckqyOPrudrf;aumpmudk? &Siftm&[ef yk*~dKvfESifhwuG jzdKzsufjyD;v#if t
=uGif;ouU&mZf (2) ckxm;vsuf ouU&mZfawmfjydKavonf? xdkrif;
onfouU&mZf(33)ckESpfwGif r[mxD;bk&m;udk wnfawmfrlavonf?
rif;om;awmf 'o&mZmrif;jrwfonf? owdk;awmfu? r[m
rk%djr&Sifawmfjrwfudk? uwnKwawmifodk@ ajymif;awmfrlav oOf?
rif;om; awmf eEN oD&d. rif;bkef;pm;nDawmfonf?
prBmufjrdKhY&[ef;vkyfaeavonf? xdk@aemuf ynPum0grif;onf?jcdyfjrdK@
odk@ajymif;vsufcdwW,m,Drif;vkyfawmfrlavonf//
rif;om;awmfudEM&lay? rif;onfy&drfjrdK@o@kd oGm;avonf? rif;
om;awmf yOPLoif;rif;wdkif;cspfrif;[l.rif;om;awmfa&mrfrm&frif;?
rif;om; awmfiyHk*Hrif;? rif;om;awmfa&cdkifrif;? rif;om;awmf
i=uHKrif;? rif;om;awmfiqlrif;? rif;om;awmfiqG,foif;rif;?
rif; om;awmfrif;acgif=uD;? rif;om;awmf rif;acgifi,f? rif;
om;awmfurBmavmif=uD;? rif;om;awmf urBmavmifi,f? rif;
om;awmfvusfm0if;=uD;rif;onfouU&mZf(470)jynfhwGifzcrnf;awmf
rif;jrwfewf&GmvGefI? om;awmfrif;jrwf eef;wufawmfrlaomtcg?
pnfbwW&mrnfaom ynm&SdtrwfESifhjrdK@ajymif;rnf r=uHjzpfawmfrlI
y&drfjrdKhawmfY edrdwf=wif;wdk@udk a=uh&_awmfrl&m? y&drfjrdK@awmf.tOP%
'DjrpfwzufY?
awm=uuf rwaumif onf? uef;,efYaejyD;
v#if?jrdKhawmf. uef;,efY aeaom tdef=uufzudk ausG;ausmf Iac: ae
aomt&mudk trwfESifh rif;onfjrifawmfrl=uavI edrdwftm;jzifh
=uOfhvsuf aepnftcg wdkif;jynfutdef=uufzoOf jrpfwbufYusGJ;
ausmfvsufac:aeaom=uufrtxHodkhjrpfudk jyeforf;vsuf vdkufvm jcif;
udkjrif=uI?
edrdwfzwf=uav&m/ trwfuaumHouonfrSm?
a&S;xHk;a[mif;"rRwmw&m;wd@k onfum;? tzdkaqmif&m trygonf[k
"rRwmw&m;&Sdjcif;udk,cktcg
traqmif&m tzdkygavjcif;onf?
wdkif;jynfESifhwuGigbk&ifrif;jrwfonf?=uufzdkvf ajymif;aom bdouJhodk@
edrdwfudk,lvsufajymif;oifhayonf[kaumufawmfrlI? ouU&mZf (471)
ckESpfwGif? tdefaxmifazGHh"rf =uufzulaomjcif;r*Fvm,l=u vsufy&drfjrdKh
awmfudkzsufjyD;v#if/ tOP%e'D jrpfwzufY? =uufr*Fvm udkaqmif

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
awmfrlvsuftrnfynmyfjrdK@awmfudkorkyftyfoOfum
jrdKh[k wnfh awmfrl I? eef;pefawmfrlavonf?
27? avmif;=uwfjrdK hYrif; rif;. om;awmf

avmif;=uwf

vusfm0if;i,f?
qufwdkh.ta=umif;
rif;.om;awmfoeoif;rif; rif;om;.
om;awmfaeodrfrif; ? rif;om;awmfaevkrfrif;? rif;om;awmf
tavmrmjzLrif;//
rif;onfwudkvkHrf0g*Grf;uJhodk@jzlpifEknrfhaomt
rGJ;wdk@onf// ayguf&Sdavaoma=umif;/ tavmfrmjzLrif;[kac:=uav
onf// rif;om;awmf&mZmol=uD;rif;? rif;om;awmfrif;apmvl;//
rif;om;awmf tkZPsem=uD;rif;// rif;om;awmf apmrGef=uD;// rif;
om;awmfeef;usm;=uD;// rif;om;awmfrif;AD;vl;// rif;om;awmf
pnfobif// rif;nDawmfrif; xD;rif;jrwfoOftoufawmf (7)ESpfwGif
eef;wufawmfrlavonf// rif;om;awmfOKZemi,f// nDawmf
oD0&mZfrif;// rif;nDawmfodrf;pnf;rif;// rif;om;awmf&mZolrif;//
rif;om;awmfpnfobif=uD;rif;// rif;.tEG,fawmfjrifpOf=uD;rif;//
rif;tEG,fawmf&mZolrif;/rif;nDawmfod*Folrif;// rif;om;
awmfoCF&mZm=uD;rif;// rdzk&m;jrwf,snfom// rif;.om;awmf
0&"rRrif;// rif;. om;awmfe&Ekrif;// nDawmfe&rdwf vSrif;ESpfyg;wdk@
onf?ouU&mZf(763)ESpfwGifzcnf;awmfrif;jrwfewf&GmawmfrlavI//
om;awmf=uD; e&Ekrif;oOfeef;wufawmfrljyD;v#if//nDawmfe&rdwfvSudk
'Gg&m0wDoH'GJ;jrdK@udk aytyfawmfrlavonf// xdktcg e&Ekrif;tm;wvdkif;
&mZm'&kdufrif; trwf=uD;oDR;awmfa&$qkHESifhavS@ywfvsuf bk&ifrif;tm;
qufawmfrljyD;v#if/ wdkif;&if;Y&Sdaom trwfwdk@ESifh bk&ifrif;ESifhoabm
rr#apjcif;Xg rdbk&m;a&$qkH u=uHa&Gvsuf//
xdkwdkif;&if;trwfynm
&Sdwdk@udk nDawmfaeaom'Gg&m0wDjrdK@odk@ bk&ifrif;trdef@tmemjzifh ajymif;
&=uavonf// xdktcg avmif;=uufjrdK@awmfY/ wvdkif;trwf=uD; azgif
awZm/ vusFm}uD;/ wvdkif;armifcGifwdk@udk wdkif;jynfY trwfynm&Sd
jyKvkyfvsufxm;awmfrlavoOf// xdktcg trwf=uD;wdk@onf wdkif;jynf
udk rdrdwdk@vufodk@a&mufaomtcg/ rdrdwdk@.bk&ifwvdkif; &mZm'&kduf
rif; udkpmv$mjzifhavmif;=uufjrdK@udk odrf;ypfawmfrl&rf apv$wfawmfrl
jyD;I 4if;rif;onf csDwufawmfrlvm+yD;v#if avmif;=uufr@awmfukd odrf;

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
ypfawmfrlI//
wdkif;jynfudkxdrf;odrf; apmifha&SmHtkyfcsLyf ap&rf/
txufqdkchJaom wvdkif;trwfoHk;a,mufwdk@.vufodk@ ouU&mZf
(766)ckESpf aumZmwGifjrdK@ysufI// e&Ekrif;onf tdjEdN,wdkif;'DvDjrdK@
awmfudk tkyfpdk;pefaeawmfrlaom// &krfygo#mrif;txHY ppfyefawmf
rljyD;v#if/ rif;jrwfonfcsDwufawmfrlvmjyD;aomf// avmif;=uufjrdK@
awmfY wvdkif;trwf=uD;wdk@udk az&Sm;okyfoifawmfrljyD;v#uf// bk&if
e&Ekrif;apmrGeftm; jrdK@awmfY rif;tjzpfjzifh tyfawmfrlavoOfum;
ouU&mZf (767) ckESpf jzpfavonf//
avmif;=uufjrdK@udkjzdK xdk@aemHouU&mZf(792)ckESpfwGif avmif;=uufjrdK@.

eef;awmfY// rdkCf;j*dK[f; usjcif;/ ief;usm;

wnfjyD;v#ifeef;pef
;pefawmf ajrG=uD; eef;awmfxufodk@ wufjcif;/
rlaom rif;wdk@.ta=umif; iSufqdk; Xuf,kwfem;0ifjcif;jzifh jzpfavaom
a=umifh// qdkchJaomaumZmouU&mZfwGif jrdK@ajymif;awmfrlI eef;wOf
awmfrl&yfxmeudk &SmawmfrloOf// trwfynm&SdESpfa,mufwdk@onf
&=udKifawmYqpfarsm=uavv#if// awmwGifjy0gopfyifwGiftxuf
zsm;Y a'gif;wrtopfwGifOD;vsuf0yfaeavonf// awm.opfyifY
vnf; arsmufwa*gifxdkifaejcif;rsm;udk =uOf@ae&m/ arsmufonf
a'gif;opfuOD;udk,laqmifjyD;v#if ajr=uD;YpGrfhavoOf/ xdkodk@jyKjcif;udk
jrifI ynm&Sdwdk@edrdwfaumufav&m arsmufrSm&mr// a'gif;rSmrlv
jzpfavonfESifh/ igwdk hrif;vnf;/ =umomya';om;/opfvnf;jy0gopf?
arsmufvnf;=uomya';/ a'gif;paeeHjzpfavI? eHj*dKrftm;jzifh (10)
qufwGift"dy"drif;ay:p&m&Sdavonf? arsmufvufxufY OD;udkydkif
onfESifh ajrmufOD;[kac:oifhayonf? jrdK@awmfudk jzdKzsufjyD;v#if/
ajr0HOD;jrdK@awmfudk jrdK hwnfeef;wnfawmfrlI? e&Ekrif;apmrGefoOfeef;
pefawmfrlavonf? rif;ouU&mZf (794) ckESpf ewf&GmvGefI/
nDawmfe&rdwfvSrif;c&Donf rdzk&m;apmjynfhndkESifh eef;wufawmf
rlavonf?
xdkrif;jrwfonf/ avmif;=uufjrdKhawmfa[mif;u?
paENm&mromoemydkifoCFmawmfjrwfudk wyOfh&[ef;awmf (1000)
ESifhwuGyifhzdwfjyD;v#if
ajrmufOD;jrdKhawmfY?
wdkufawmfazHGhpnf;jyK
vkyfvsuf udk;uG,fawmfrlavonf? xdktcg rkwfav;wef ap'Dawmf
zsufIajrmufOD;jrdK@awmf

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
jrwfESifh jrwef;aqmifap'DawmfjrwfESpfqludkvnf;? wnfawmfrl vsuf
udk; uG,fawmfrlavonf? xdk@aemH ouU&mZf(821) ckESpfewf&Gm
vGefawmfrlI? zapmjzLapmrGefrif;onf eef;wufawmfrlavonf?
rif;udkuvro#m vOf;[l. ac:=uukefonf? rif;onf ouU
&mZf (844) ckESpfwGif ewf&GmvGefawmfrlI? rif;.om;awmf rif;a'g
v#mapmrGefrif; eef;wufawmfrlavonf? rif;udk armifckv#m
vnf;[l.?
ac:=uavonf? xdk@aemufouU&mZf (854) ckESpf
ewf&GmvGefawmfrlavI? yxGJawmf
zapmndSkrif;apmrGefonf eef;
wufawmfrlavonf? rif;udk r[mrwfo#mvnf; ac:=uavonf?
xdkrif;onfouU&mZf(856)ckESpf ewf&GmvGefawmfrlI? rif;&rfatmif
rif;apmrGefonf eef;wufawmfrlavonf? rif;udk&DSo#mvOf; ac:=u
avonf? rif;jrwfonf xlyg&krfwdkufawmfESifh? awmifndkwdkuf
awmfwdk@udkazGHhpOf;jyKvkyfvsuf?
oCFmawmfjrwfwdk@tm;? ukd;uG,f
awmfrlavonf xdktcg 'Dyg&krf ap'Dawmfjrwfukdvnf; wOfxm;udk;
uG,fawmfrlavonf? rif;onf ouU&mZf(863)ckESpfwGif ewf&Gm
vGefawmfrlI? odE~olrif;apmrGefonfeef;wufawmfrlavonf?
rif;udka'gvmo#m[kvnf;ac:=uonf? rif;jrwfonfawZm&m
rwdkufawmfESifhawZm&mr r[map'Dawmfjrwfwql wnfawmfrljyD;
v#if/ oCFmawmfjrwfwdk@ESifhwuG apwDawmfjrwfudk ylaZmf&
[jyKawmf rlavonf? xdktcg4ifrif;jrwf. oRD;awmftaemfZm rif;oRD;
onf? xlyg&krfausmif;wdkufawmfY udkpm;awmfjzpfaom bk&m;&kyfyGg;
awmfjrwfwql taemfrmbk&m;[k r[modrfawmf=uD;aqmufvkyfvsuf
udk;uG,fawmfrlavonf? rif;jrwfonf
ouU&mZf(885) ckESpf
wGifewf&Gm vGefawmfrlavI? rif;vS&mZm rif;apmrGefonf eef;wuf
awmfrlavonf? rif;jrwfYom;awmf*%Smy'd? zapmoD&d[k om;
ESpfa,mH&Sdav onf? xdktcg awmifpnfc&kdif vrkjcDrif;jyift&yfY?
olyHk;x=uGIom; awmfti,f zapmoD&dudkjzdKzsuf&rfv$wfawmfrlavI?
&rfolwdk@ukd atmifjrif awmfrljcif;a=umifh? 4ifae&yfudkjrdK@pm; ay;tyf
awmfrlavonf? rif;jrwfonf ouU&mZf (886) ckESpf ewf&Gm
pefvGefawmfrlavI?
om;awmf=uD; *%Smy'd rif;apmrGefonf
eef;wufawmfrlavonf? xdktcg y&drfr@awmfa[mif;u? a'ga'g&mZm

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
[kcefjyD;v#ifajrmufOD;jrdK@awmfudk ykef*efavI? *%Smy'D rif;apm
rGefonf? a0omvDausmufavSum;jrdKhawmfa[mif;rS (7)&ufxGufcGg
vsuf wdef;a&SmifjyD;v#ifaeavonf// xdktcgnDzapmoD&drif;jyif pm;
onf
=um;odawmfrlavv#if &rR0'D/ 'Gg&m0'DjrdK@awmfa[mif;wdk@Y
&Sd=uaom vlrsm;wdk@udkqifhqkdac:aqmifpk&krf;jyD;v#if ajrmHOD;jrdK@awmfY//
a'ga'g&mZm oufolyHk;udk// ESdrfeif;ydjym; okyfoif&Sif;vif;awmfrlav
jyD;v#if// aemifawmf*%Sy'drif;tm; jrdK@awmfukdtyfESif;awmfrlavonf//
aemifawmfjrwfvnf; nDawmftm;jrdK@awmfY &yfawmfaps;pm;usJ;udkt
ydkifpm;ay;tyfawmfrljyD;v#if// jrdK@awmf.twGif;Y yef;aps;ajrmif;usKHrf;
awmfY// tdefa&Speftjzpfjzifh// tdefawmfr*FvmESifhxm; awmfrlavonf//
xdkaemufaemifawmfjrwfonfouU&mZf(887)ckESpf
ewf&GmpHawmf

rlavI yaxG;awmfZvwWmrif;apmrGefonf eef;wufawmf

rlavonf?
29/ZvwWmrif;apmrGef
ESifhoZmwmrif;wdk@.
ta=umif;ESifhzapmapmrG
oD&drif;jympm;tdefa&Spef
.ta=umif;//

xdkZvwWmrif;apmrGef
vufxufawmfY
jrdK@awmfwGif
waygifay:av&mwGif c
&rf;oD; vufaumuf
ajymifajymif
awmuf// ZD;rma0 avmif;AGefajymuf[k jrdK@&Gmwdk@wdk@Y oli,fwdk@E_yf zsm;Y
[pfatmfjcif;udk =um;av&m// zapmoD&d tdefa&Spefonf trwf
ynm&Sdwdk@ESifh wdkifyifESD;aESmjyD;v#if/ aumif;aomedrdwfudkaqmifawmf
rlI// jrwef;aqmif. ap'Dawmfjrwf.tem;Y// jrwef;aqmif wdkufawmf
[kedrdwf,lawmfrlvsuf/ 'Dyatmifajreif;&H r*Fvmudk twnfjyKawmfrl
jyD;v#if 'Dyg&krfap'Dawmftem;Y// avmifyef;ajymuf ap'Dawmf[k
wnfxm;udk;auGawmfrlavonf//
xdktcgZvwWmrif;apmrGefonf//
=um;odawmfrlv#if// om;awmfzapmoD&drif;tm; wdkif;jynfrSxGufcGgvsuf
aeap&rf// 'Gg&0'DoHwJjG rdK@odk@ajymif;a&$awmfrlavI// tdefa&Srif;onf//
oHzGJ@jrdK@Yae&avonf// xdk@aemufouU&mZf(889)ckESpfwGif ZvwWmrif;
ewf&GmvGefawmfrlI// nDawmfoZmwmrif;apmrGefonf eef;wufawmfrl
avonf// xdkvufxufawmfYjrdK@awmfwGifwaygifay:awmfrl&mwGif/

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
j*GyfavSoHk;q,fa&Suwnf =uefapaumif;jcif; oH'GJrif; ay:vd rnfvnf;
awmfovif;? oHwGJajrGa[muf tpG,fayguf vufaumuf0yf
avmufjyD;? ajrmufOD;a&$eef; awmifompGrf; e*g;armuf=uD;jzef@vdrRnf[k
waygifay:awmfrlavonf// xdktcgtrwfynm&Sdwdk@ESifh wdkifyifawmf
rljyD;v#if// udrf,wW&mjzifh acsawmfrlvdkIeef;awmfudk b[dkxm;vsuf//
owW&zefawmifpnfckESpfvHk;&rfywfukefvsuf&Sdawmfrlaomawmifxdyfwdk@
Yap'Dawawmfrl&mwGif// eef;awmfajrmuf zdk;acgifawmifxdyf0,f// &rf
awmfatmifbk&mwnf;awmfrlavonf//
ta&SzufYedyfblZmawmifxdyfa0edyfblpmbk&m;wnfawmfrlavonf//
awmifzufYjrawmifxdyfa0Adk[fjydKbk&m;wnfawmfrlavonf// taemuf
zufY pefum;awmifxdyfa0 qkawmfyefbk&m;wOfawmfrlavonf//
&m[ka'gifhY &Gufum;awmifxdyfa0// oufawmfa&S / oufawmf&bk&m;
wnfawmfrlavonf// paeawmifhY0oJ;awmifxdyfa0// =uufv#m
awmifOD;wGif 0oJ;bk&m;wnfawmfrlavonf// rav;awmifxdyfa0/
vuf=uG,fawmf"gyfyxdk; wnfawmfrlavonf//
xdkuJhodk@owW&zef awmifpOfckESpfvkH;wd@k Y wOfxm;awmfrlavjcif;a=umifh//
bk&ifrif;jrwfonfeef; .aphpdrfudk cHpm;vsufouU&mZf (893) ckESpf
awmfovif;v0oH'rdk;&moDYewf&GmvGefawmfrl&avonf// odk@r[kwf
v#ifbk&ifrif;onf
,m,Drif;tjzpfjzifhajcmufvomv#ifeef;.
aphpdrfudkcefpm;jcif;Xg&SdawmfrloOf[k// ya&m[dyftrwfwdk@ a[majymI
,wW&mjyKvsuf? av;ESpfeef;pefawmfrl&avonf// xdktcg oH'JG;jrdK@pm;
zapmoD&drif;Agonf jrdK@awmfukdodrf;ydkufjyD;v#if// eef;wufawmfrlav
onf// xdktcg apmrGefq,fqufvGefajrmHjcif;jzifh// a'gif;paerif;Ag
eef;wufawmfrlavonfwnf;//
30//wdkif;jynfzGJ@awmfrl&H r[mor'rif;rsdK;EG,fvm0efowdk@onf// t&mr
om*&rif;jrwfonfr*~ uaom wdkif;c&kdifEdkifief awmfwdk@udk//toD;oD;aom
'&dkufwdkif;rSxGufawmfrl vm;IazGJ@pOf;awmfrl=uaomtcg r*~'&kdufwdkuf/
vmaomta=umifh&cdkif r*~a'0rif;jrwf. // ajr;awmfjzpfawmfrlaomom*&
trsdK;av;yg;wdk@onfjzpf rif;jrwfonfwdkif;zGJ@ awmfrl&rfr*~'&kdufwdkifjynfrS//
ay:jcif;jzifhaz:jycsuf// ajrmufpl;pl;t&yfodk@vlAdkvfjc,f (10000)ESifh wuG//

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
&a\hrk%dq&mjrwfwdk@ESifhpkHvifpGmwdkif;jynfrSxGufcGgvsuf
csDwuf
awmfrl=u&mwGif// *p>ze'Djrpfvuf0J;uef;,ef0,f// tvGefa&wmajr
wmjzifh
csdKif@0Srf;aomawmtkyfodk@
usa&mufawmfrl=u&mwGif
/xdkae&mYwef@&yfawmfrl=ujyD;v#if// xdkawmawmifwdk@Yaygufv#uf&Sd
aomjcKHrfEG,fopfyifrsm;wdk@wGif// oD;yGifh&SdaomopfoD;opfyGifhopfEkrsm;
wdk@udk// qGyfcl;vsufpm;aomuf=uaomf// tvGefw&mysm;vbd@k uJhodk@
csdKjrdef@aomt&omESifhjyOfhpkHavonfudkodwGJ@&I// q&m&a\h rk%djrwf
wdk@onf jrifhjrwfaom t&m xmeudkodawmfrlvsuf// Tae&m
onfum; OD;"koHk;yg;ESihfnDnGwfaoma=umifh// ajrqDajr=oZmwdk@onf
wdk;wufvsufjzpf&Sdaomae&yfjzpfayonf// Tae&mY wdkif;c&kdif Ekdifief
jrwf azG@Hpnf;jyKvkyfawmfrlv#if/ tvGefw&mpnfyifom,m0ajymojzifh
// vlowW0gtaygif;wdk@onfvnf; umyfoHkr`g;rSuif;uGmjyD;v#if?
q,fhajcmufyg;aom bJ;OygwftHj'J,ftaygif;wdk@onfvnf; uif;uGmjyD;
v#if// csrf;om;jcif;Ya&mufap&maomae&m jzpfayonf[k edrdwfudk
&a\hrk%djrwfwdk@uaqmif,lawmfrljyD;v#if// xdkae&mwGifyifv#if// ckyf
xGif&Sif;vif;awmfrljyD;v#uf// xD;eef;ppfxlawmfrl&rf &a\hrk%djrwfwdk@
utwnfjyKawmfrl=uavonf//
txl;az:jycsuf
1//&cdkiftrsdK;av;yg;wdk@
xdko@kd twnfjyKawmfrljyD;onfrS? vlAdkvfjc,f?
oOfa&SOD;pGmrif;ESifhwuG 10000 wdk@ESifhwuGckyfxGif&Sif;vif;awmfrljyD;v#if//
wdkif;jynfzGJ@pOfawmfrljcif; &aohrk%Djrwfwdk@onf xD;eef;ppfxl;vsuf?
ta=umif;//
r@wnfawmfrl&efrSm// Ak'<[l;j*dK[frif;onftkyfpdk;

aomae@YpDrefawmfrloOfrSm tcsdefem&DygwfbDZemaumif;aomtcg
awmfrsm;udka&Gl;acsjyD;v#if// xD;eef;ppfxlawmfrljyD;vsuf wdkif;c&kdif
Ekdifiefawmfudkvnf;aey,foyfrSwfvsuf// azGJ@pnf;pDrefjyKvkyfawmfrlav
onf// r*~'&kdufwkdif;udk tpdk;&awmfrlaom
r*~a'0rif;jrwf.
jrJ;awmfjzpfaom// om*&rif;jrwfonfvnf;// rif;jrdK@awmfopfY
eef;wufawmfrlav+yD;v#if wdkif;c&kdifEkdifiefawmfudkodrf; ydkuftkyf
csKyfvsuf//
rif;vkyfawmfrlavonf//
xdkodk@rif;ajrSmHawmfrljyD;aemH
&a\hrk%Djrwfwdk@onf// wdkif;c&dkif Edkifiefawmfudk trnfynmyforkwf

10

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
tyfaom t&mwdk@udk ay;awmfrl&HwGif// ae&mYwdyfedrdwf wdk@udk
aqmif&GufawmfrljyD;v#if// avmuYtrsdK;av;yg;ESifhwuG xif&Sm;apjcif;
Xg// trnfynmyforkwftyfaomtm;jzifh// ay;awmfrlrOft&mwGif//
Tae&mYum; OD"koHk;yg;nDnGwfpGm&Sdaoma=umifh// ajrqDajrom;
wdk;wufvsuf// ae&mY tyiftudkif;wdk@Yvnf; toD;tyGifh
wdk@onfysm;vbdk@uJo@kd csdKjrdefaom t&omESifhjyOf@pkHavaoma=umifh
// xdkrSwyg;trsKd;av;yg; wdk@Yvnf;// r*~a'0rif;.tEG,fawmf
uoufqif;I w&m;ESifhnDnGwfpGm apmifha&SmHawmfrlaom tEG,f
0efo? xdktrsdK;av;yg;wdk@onf rdrdwdk@wdkif;jynfrS ajrmufpl;pl;
t&yfodk@ xGufcGgvsuf csDwufawmfrlvm=uaomtm;jzifh/ jyif
xD;eef;ppfxl&mYvnf;// tcgay;awmfrlaomae@&uf tcsdrfem&DwGif
vOf;Ak'<[l;j*dK[frif;ESifh &m[kj*dK[frif;. ajymifv$J&efeOf;pyfaomtcg ESpf
// xdktxufqdkchJaomwdyfedrdwfwdk@udk aumHawmfrljyD;v#if? ,ckae@ u
pI TbwWumyfyrBmay:Y trsdK;av;yg;wdk@oOf// raysHmruG,f
rwdefraumapjcif;iSg? &a\hrk%Dq&mawmfjrwfwdkhonf? xdkwdyfed
rdwfwk@dudktwnfjyKawmfrljyD;v#if? jrdK@awmf.trnf ynmyforkyftyf
oOfum;? OwW&mr'l&jrdK@awmf[k ac:a0:orkwftyfaomtm;jzifhxm;
awmfrlavonf? 4iftjyifwdkif;. trnfynmyforkwftyfonfum;//
A'<Lj*dK[frif;ESifh&m[kj*dK[frif;wd@k eHudkaqmifawmfrljyD;v#if? wdkif;trOfum;
&uQyl&wdkif;? vlwdk@.trsdK;av;yg;trOfum; j*dK[frif;eHudkaqmif
awmfrlvsuf? &cdkifrsdK;[ktrnfemr0daootm;jzifh? w&wyg;aom vl
rsdK;wdk hxuf u;JvGefIxmawmfrlavonf? xdk haeupIwdkif; c&dkif Edkif
iefwdk@onf tpnfrjywfoufqif;jyD;v#if? TbwWuyfurmBay:wGif? bk
&m;av;qkyGifhawmfrlonfwdkifatmif qufvufjyD;v#if xDeef;ppfxlI
pdk;pefawmfrlavonf?
32?avmif;=uwfjrdK@ TurmB Ya*g"rRjrwfpGmbk&m;yGifhawmfrlIy&dedAgefpef
awmf.ta=umif; vGefawmfrljyD;aemH aumZmouU&mZfwGif? cqyOP

udef; aumZmouU&mZf(562)ckudkjzdKzsufjyD;aemHouU&mZfawmf (766)

aumZmwGifavmif;=uwfjrdK@awmfukdtpdk;&awmfrlaom 0&"rRrif;jrwf.

11

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
om;awmfjzpfaom e&Ek/ e&rdwfvS[k aemifawmf nDawmfESpfyg;&Sd
onft&mwGif aemifawmfe&Ekrif;jrwfonf wdkif;jynfudkpdk;pHawmfrlav
onf? nDawmf e&rdwfvSudk? oHwGJjrdK hukdtydkifpm; ay;tyfvsufxm;
awmfrlavonf? xdktcgaemifawmfe&Ekrif;jrwfonf wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiH
awmfudkpdk;pHvsuf aeawmfrlaomtcg0,f? yJcl;bk&ifrif;&mZm"d&dkuf
onf? avmif;=uwfjrdK@awmfudk wdkufzsufawmfrljyD;v#if? jrdK@ awmf
udktydkifodrf;ydkufawmfrlI ? 4ifbk&if.trwf=uD; wvdkif;armifcGif/ azgif
awZm/ vusfm=uD;wdk@udk? avmif;=uufjrdK@awmfY? xdef;odrf; tkyfcsKyf
awmfrlap&monf? xdktcgavmif;=uufjrdK@awmf&Sif e&Ekrif;jrwfonf?
rdrdwdkif;jynfrSwdef;a&SmifxGufcGgaomjyD;v#if?
tdjENd,wdkif; 'DvD
jrdK@awmf&Sif &krfygo#mbk&ifrif;jrwfxHY e&Ekrif;jrwfonfppfyefawmfrl
avonf? xdkbk&ifrif;jrwfuvnf;? e&Ekrif;tm; trdeftmemcsrSwf
awmfrl&mwGif? tusDawmfrif;jrwfoOf?
tusGefEkyfxH&HwydkpmcsKyf
jzifhjyKvkyfawmfrl&ayvdrRnf?
ta=umif;rSm tusDawmfe&Ekrif;oOf?
vufatmHcef rGefrif;tjzpfjzifh EdkifiHawmfudkodrf;ydkuftkyfcsKyfrif;vkyf
awmfrlap&moOf? xdkrSwyg; tusDawmfrif;jrwfwdk@. bJavmif;awmf
bD;avmif;awmfwdk@tydkifodrf;ydkufvsuf&Sdawmfrlaom?
b*Fgwq,f
ESpfjrdKhrsm;wdk@ESifh a&mifjzLa&&dk;wpdwfxd e,fy,frsm;wdk@udkvnf;? igbk
&ifrif;tm; tydkifodrf;ydkufvdkvsuf tyfESif;awmfrlap&rnf[k trdefh
tmemcsrSwfawmfrlonftwdkif;? avmif;=uwfjrdK@bk&ife&Ekrif;tm; o
abmwlawmfrlI?
&rfwAdkvfpmcsKyf jyKvkyfawmfrl=ujyD;v#if?
&kyfygo#mrif;onf ppfAdkvfawmf 'Hkrf;cifudk ppfonfawmf (10000) eSifh
wuG e&Ekrif;tm;tyfeSif;awmfrlavonf? e&Erif;jrwfonfvnf;
ppfonfawmfwdk@ESifhwuG? avmif;=uwfjrdKho@dkcsDwufawmfrlav&m? e&Ek
rif;.nDawmf oH'GJpm;e&rdwfvSrif;onf? =um;odawmfrlI awmifpnf
ckESpfc&dkifY&Sdaom vlrsm;wdk@udkqifhqdkac:awmfrljyD;v#if? ppfonfawmf
a&G;aumHvsuf ppfonf (10000)eSifhwuG nDawmfrif;jrwfvnf;
avmif;=uwfjrdK@awmfodk@ csDwufawmfrlvmI? nDaemifrif;eSpfyg;wdk@oOf?
4if;jrdK@awmfodk@udk odrf;ydkuftkyfcsKyf&Sdaom wvdkif;trwf=uD;w@dk&rfudk
EdSrfeifydjym;apjcif;iSg/ wGef;vSefjzdKzsufawmfrljyD;v#if? tkyfcsKyf&Sdaom

12

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
trwfwdk@udk az&Sm;okyfoifawmfrlI// jrdK hawmfudk e&Ekrif;jrwf onf
odrf;ydkufawmfrlavonf? 4ifjrdK hawmfY rif;vkyfawmfrlaom t&mwGif?
txuf&rfwAdkvfpmcsKyfjyKvkyfawmfrlcJhonftwkdif;
twnf
jyKawmfrljyD;v#if &krfygo#mrif;. vufatmufcef rGefrif;tjzpfjzifh
avmif;=uwfjrdKhawmfYxyfrefvsuf odrf;ydkuftkyfcsKyfrif;vkyf awmfrlav
aomeSpf aumZmouU&mZfaomfum; (768) ckeSpfwGifjzpfavonf?
xdkaom pdk;pefawmfrl+yD;aemH avmif;
=uufr@awm fonf udrf;crf;ukefjcif;
odk@a&mufavaom t&mrsm;wdk@udk
trwfynm&Sdw@kd tm; xifjrifawmfrlav
I 4ifavmif;=uufjrdK@awmfudk jzdKzsufawmfrljyD;v#if ouU&mZf (792)
ckeSpfwGif? ajrmufOD;jrdKhawmfudk pDrefjyKvkyfawmfrljyD;v#if/ xD;eef; ppfxl
awmfrlI e&Ekrif;apmrGefonf? wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiHawmfukdtkyfcsKyfvsuf
rif;vkyfawmfrlonf nDawmfe&rdwfvSvnf; tdefa&hSpeftjzpfjzifh oH'GJ
jrdKawmfudk tydkifvGJtyfvsufpdk;pefawmfrlap&monf? e&Ekrif;rSpI?
oZmxmrif;wdkifatmif rlovref &krfygo#mrif;.vufatmufcrftjzpf
jzifheSpfaygif; (125)eSpfwdkifatmifae&avonf? xdktcgouU&mZf (863)
ckeSpfwGif &SpfqufajrmHjzpfaom rif;vS&mZm &SDo#mrif; apmrGefvufxuf
awmfY4ifrif;jrwf.om;awmft=uD; *%Smy'd nDawmfzapmoD&d[kom;
awmfeSpfyg;xGef;um;awmfrlvsuf/ txm&o ody` twwfrsm;wdkudk t
wdkif;wdkif;tjynfjynfodk@aom vm;vsuf nDawmfzapmoD&donf oif
=um;vsufaeawmf rlavownf;?

avmif;=uufr@awmfudkzzsufI
ajrmufOD;r@udk wnfaomt
a=umif;

txl;azmfjycsuf
ajrmufOD;r@awmfY
&krfygo#moHtrwf}uD;
oHk;a,mHwdk@onf 4if;
r@awmfY r[mrwf'ef
omoemudk pnfyifatmif

xdkaemuf ouU&mZf (887) ckESpf udk;quf

ajrmufaom ZvwWmrif; apmrGefvufxuf
awmfY &krfygo#mrif;. oHtrwf}uD; um'D
rlo#m a[mfEkrsmwdk@onf EdkifiHawmfY r[m
rwf'efomoempnfyifjyef@ajymapjcif;iSm? yl
vDausmif;wdk@onf r@awmfY tjyef@tESef@
wnfaxmifaqmufvkyf=uI/ r@awmfwGif

13

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
vltaygif;wdk@tm; a[majymjyov#uf/ ae@pOfrjywfyvkyfawmfrl
avonf? xdktcgtcsKd@aom Ak'<bmomvlrsKd;wdk@onf ,kef=uOfv#uf 4if;
bmomY0ifI 4if;w&m;udk aqmHwnfv#uf jzpf&Sd=uavonf? odk@ESifh
r[mrwf'efvlrsKd;wdk@onf EdkifiefawmfY zkef;v$ef;pdk;rdk;v#uf jyef@ESef@pGm
jzpf&Sdavonf? bk&ifrif;jrwfukdvnf; vufaqmifyefemydk@qufv#uf?
bk&ifrif;tm; 4if;oeftrwf}uD;wdk@udk rsm;aomtm;jzifh rdwWmouf0if
v#ufjzpf&Sdavonf?
xdkaemuf cqyOPrudef; aumZm ouU&mZf
udkzzsuf+yD;aemH? ouU&mZf (887) ckESpfwGif
ajrmufOD;r@awmfESpf udk;qufajrmufjzpfaom
ZvwWrif; apmrGefvufxufawmfY udk&rfawmf
trwf}uD; 0drv yif;0gr@pm;ESifhwuG Edkifiefawmf
udk aqmif&Gufodrf;ypftkyfcsKyfv#uf? pefaeawmf
rlpnftcg0,f? r@awmf. ajrmufbuft&yfY bk
&ifrif;jrwfudk;uG,fawmfrlaom awmifnKdwkduf
awmfY owif;oHk;aeawmfrlaom? t&Sift*~&%D
udkawmfjrwf. wyOf@jzpfawmfrlaom &Sifi,f
q&mjr0gonf? avmuD avmukwW&m w&m;ESpfyg;wdk@udk oiftefavh
usifhI wwfajrmufatmifjrifv#uf&Sdawmfrlavaoma=umifh &Sifi,fq
&mjr0gonf? wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiefawmfwdk@udk owdrlv#uf=unfh&_awmfrlcJhv#if
&krfygo#mrif;. oeftrwf}uD;oHk;a,mufwdk@onf? ajrmufOD;jrdk@awmfY
rdrdwdk@.r[mrwf'efw&m;wdk@udk pnfyifjyef@ajymvsuf xGef;awmufap
jcif;Xg// trwfum'DYvnf; oabmFqdyfuef; abmif;'Gft&yfYolw@kd .
omoemudkjyKvkyfaqmif&Guf&rf r[mrwf ylvDausmif;=uD; aqmufvkyf
avonf? jyif trwf=uD;rlo#m a[mfEkrsmwdk@Yvnf; xdkenf; wlpGm
toD;oD;aqmufvkyfvsuf// r[mrwfw&m;a[majymESkdifaom q&m
wkd@udk 'DvDjrdK@awmfu ac:aqmif,lvsuf// Ekdifiefawmfom;rsm;tm;
a[majymjyoawmfrlap&monf// xdkt&mwdk@ukd&Sifi,fq&monf Ekdifief
awmfYjrifawmfrlI/ igwdk@&cdkiftrsdK;av;yg;wdk@Y ylaZmf&[jzpfawm frl
txl;azmfjycsuf

32?awmifndkwdkuf
awmfut&Sift*~rk%d
udkawmfjrwf.wynfh?
jzpfaom&Sifi,fq&m
jr0gonfukvm;vlrsdK;
wdk@udkydjym;atmifeef;
awmfodk@0ifI
w&m;a[mcrf;?

14

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
aom// omoemjrwfESifhwuG// trsdK;av;yg;wdk@onf ndk;E$rf;jyHhKef;
wdysufpD;jcif;odk@ aejyOfawmfwGifa&muf&rfjzpf&Sdjcif;udk jrifavaom
a=umifh// &Sifi,fq&monfeef;awmfodk@ 0ifawmfrlI nDvmcefAkdvf'k
wGif// rif;ESifhwuG trwfynm&Sdrsm;wdk@tm; jzpfaom t&mrsm;
wdk@udka[majymjyoawmfrlap&monf//
txl;az:jycsuf
33//&Sifi,fq&monfeef;
awmfYw&m;a[majymcrf;//

&Sifi,fq&monfrif;ESifhwuGtrwfynm&Sdwdk@
tavY a[majymjyo awmfrlavonfrSm//
'g,umrif;jrwftm;owdxm;awmfrloifhayjyD// ,ck'g,umrif;jrwf
wdk@onf// tkyfcsLyfvsufpdk;pefawmfrlaomEkdifiefawmfwGif// &krfygo#mrif;
. vufatmufcefjzpfavaoma=umifh/ 4ifrif;Ytapmifh tusyf
xm;awmfrlaom oHtrwf=uD;oHk;a,mufwdk@onf? rdrdwdk@.bmom
r[mrwf'efw&m;udk jrdK@Yjyefaygapjcif;iSg4if;? xdkjyiftrsdK;av;yg;wdk@Y
vnf; rdrdwdk@. Ak'<bmomw&m;wdk@onf ysufpD;uG,faysmufjcif;odk@
a&mufpdrf@jcif;iSg4if;? edSifiHawmfYigwdk@trsdK;av;yg;wdk@tm;/ aepOfhrjywf
a[majymjyovsuf&SdavI
,ckEdSifiHawmfwGiftcsdK@aomolwdk@onf?
,Hk=unfouf0ifvsuf r[mrwfw&m;udkem,laomvlrsm;wdk@vnf;jzpf&dS
ava=umif;udkawG@jrif&avonf// xdkuJhodk@bmomw&m;ysufpD;a=umif;
jzifh jyKvkyf&Sd=uaomt&mrsm;wdk hudk/ bk&ifrif;jrwfeSihf trwfynm&Sd
wdk@onf tvJ;rrlv#uf&SdcJhaomf// tdENd,wdkif;Yolwdk@. trsdK;t&kdk;v$rf;rdk;
tkyfpdk;vsuf ydkifawmfrlonfhaehupI olwdk@omoemudk acs@xGifjyef@ESrf@apI
Ak'<omoemawmfjrwfonf? bk&m;udkawmf jrwfoufawmfxif;&Sm;&Sdpnf
uyif// ,Hk=unfouf0ifjyD;v#if udk;uG,fvsuf&Sd=uukefaom jA[R%cwW,//
r[mvwnf;[laom [ENLvlrsdK;wd@k onf rdrdwdk@ bD;bdk;pnfquf oufqif;
vsuf jyKysifaqmHvkyfxm;cJhaom omoemawmfjrwf.// taqmHtOD;y&d
abm* ap'Dawmfjrwfwdk@eSifh? OD'd<\ap'Dawmfjrwfwdk@yg jzKef;wdzsufqD;vsuf
uG,faysmufapjcif;iSg 4if;trsdK;t&dk;ZyfZmwdw&m;rsm;wdk@udkvnf; ysufpD;
,dk ,Gif;apvsuf? r[mrwfw&m;udkom ,Hk=unfouf0if vsuf? rsm;aom
tm;jzifhomoemawmfuG,faysmufjyD;v#if? [dENLvlrsdK;wdk@onf r[mrwfvl
rsdK;jzpf&Sda=umif;udk ,ckxif&Sm;pGmawGjrifvsuf&SdavjyD// odk heSifh,ckvnf;

15

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
xdkeOf;wlpGma&ajr&Sif.? edkifiHawmfYvnf;/ trsdK;av;yg;wdkeSifh om
oemawmfjrwfvnf; ysufpD;jcif;odk@r=umjrifhrDSjzpfayvdrRnf// odk heSifh a&ajr
&Sif. wdkif;c&dkifedkifiHawmfwGif trdsK;av;yg;wdk@eSihfwuG jrifhjrwfapjcif;igS4if//
omoemawmfjrwfvnf; pnfyif=uD;yGg;jcif;jzifh4if? trsdK;av;yg;vlowW
0gtaygif;wdk@Yvnf; pnfyif0ajymom,mcsrf;omjcif;jzifh jzpfpdrfhjcif;Xg
// a&ajr&Sifwdk@. r[mEG,frsdK;wdk@Yvnf; tpnfrjywfoufqif;vsuf bkef;
wef;cdk; awZm tmEkabmf =uD;apjcif;Xg // pDrefjyKvkyfawmfrloifhayjyD [k
&Sifi,fq&mjr0gonf rif;ESifh trwfynm&Sdwdk@tm; a[majymjyoawmf
rlavonf // xdktcg bk&ifrif;jrwfESifhwuGtrwfynm&Sdwdk@onf// owd&
awmfrl=uavaoma=umifh// &Sifi,fq&mtm;aumif;rGefpGmjyKvkyfpDrefawmf
rl&rf av#mufxm;awmif;yefawmfrlavonf // xdktcg &Sifi,fq&mvnf;
a&S;xD;aqmif;rif;taygif;wdk@ twOfjyKawmfrlvsuf aqmif&GufawmfrlcJh
aom rEk"rR\'fw@kd udk ndkESkdif;awmfrljyD;v#if// &Sift*~rk%Dudkawmfjrwf udk
trSl;jyKvsufazG@Jpnf;pDrefjyKvkyfawmfrlaom? a&$rsdKif;"rR\'f[k emro
rkwfawmfrljyD;v#if// ayxuftuQ&mwifxm;aomusrf;udk// rif;eSihfwuG
trwfynm&Sdwdk honf? eSdifiHawmfYtwnfjyKvsuf aqmif&Gufawmf rl
ap&rf tyfeSif;awmfrlavownf;?
txl;az:jycsuf
bk&ifrif;jrwfESifh trwf}uD;wdk@
4if;"rRom'fawmfudk Edkifiefawmf
Yf tkyfcsKyf&Sdaom trwfwdk@udk
ac:,lv#uf twnfycrf;?

xdkaom&Sifi,fq&m tyfESif;awmf

rlcJhaom "rRom'fawmfudk Edkifief

awmfY twnfyawmfrlap&ef
wdkif;jynfY toD;oD;tkyfcsKyf
v#uf&Sd=uaom c&dkifrif;rsm;wdk@ESifhwuG? olaX;/ ol=uG,f ukefoG,f
v,fvkyf tp&Sdaom ynm&Sdtaygif;wdk@udk a&G;aumHv#uf qifhqdk
ac:awmfrl+yD;v#if nDvmcHAdkvf'kwGif 4if;"rRom'fawmfY vmonfht
wdkif; twnfyawmfrl&ef qGJ;EGJ;wdkifyifawmfrlavonf? xdktcg Edkif
iefawmfom;rsm;wdk@ESifh trwfynm&Sdwdk@onf oabmr#awmfrl=uI
twOfyawmfrl=uav+yD;v#if? rif;ESifhwuG olaX; ol=uG,f ukef
oG,f v,fvkyf olqif;&J awmifolrdwfc vlrSpI? xdrf;odrf;

16

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;

aqmif&Guf apmifha&Smuf=uap&rf trdef@tmemcsrSwf awmfrlav

ownf;?
& cdkif trsdK;av;yg;wdk h. usifh0wfw&m;wdk hukd
a&;ul;az:jyjcif; ta=umif;
&cdkiftrsKd;av;yg;wdk@Y wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiefawmf
wGif a&S;r[mor' rif;jrwfwdk@. tEG,f0H
orS oufqif;v#ufvm=uaom xD;aqmif;
rif;taygif;wdk@onf Edkifiefawmfom; trsKd;
av;yg;wdk@tm; uGyfnyftkyfcsKyfawmfrlaom tXpwWvDo (48) yg;aom
usifh0wfw&m;aywnf;? xdkusifh0wfw&m;wdk@Y avmu"rR ESpfxmewdk@
udk rarhrav#mtm;jzifh usifhoHk;aqmif&Guf=uap&rf? az:jyawmfrlav
onfrSm (1) a&ShOD;pGm &wemoHk;yg;wdk@tm; rarhrav#mhapv#uf
usifhoHk;aqmufwOfqOf;uyf udk;uG,f=u&efvnf;wyg;? (2) rdzq&mwdk@
. qdkqkrRv#uf a=om0g'jzifh ay;jcif;udkvOf; ajra0rus rSwfom;em,l
v#uf? usifhoHk;apmifha&Smuf=u&rfvnf;wyg;? (3) rdrdwdk@Y rjidrfoufap
v#uf oGoGrf;jcif; =uG=urf;jcif; &G&rf;jcif;jzifh raumif;aom tusifhw
&m;wdk@udk ayo#m;apmifha&SmH=u&rfvnf;wyg;? (4) ynmody` wwfajrmH
ap&rfu;pm;tm;xkyfv#uf oiftHavhusifh=u&rfvnf;wyg;? (5) ouf
jzifh}uD;aomol 0gjzifh}uD;aomolwdk@ESifh rdzq&m a&ajr&Sifbk&ifrif;wdk@
tm;vnf; r&dkrao rav;rcrfhjcif;jzifh t*g&0 yvkyfjcif;udkvnf; a&Smif
=uOf=u&rf ynmyfjcif;vnf;wyg;? (6) rdrdudkudk ynmjzifh aygif;&Snfv#uf
a'goarm[[k qdktyfaom raumif;aom qENw&m;wdk@udk ay&Sm;&
jcif;vnf;wyg;? (7) ig;yg;aom oDvusihf0wfw&m;wdk@udk apmifha&SmH
=u+yD;v#if rdrdwdk@tm;av#mfpGm tvSL'gewnf;[laom aumif;r_ ukodkvf
w&m;wdk@udk ae@nrjywf ppfysKd;&jcif;vnf;wyg;?
(8) avmuYolwyg;wdkhtm;E_yfjzifhvGefusL;jcif;/ udkjzifhvGefusL;jcif;
wnf; [laom raumif;aom w&m;ESpfyg;wd@k udk ay&Sm;+yD;v#if? pdwf
=uOfvifpGmjzifh rdwWmw&m;udk a&kS@xm;v#uf? oabmajzmifhrwfpGm jzifh

vlwdk@.avmu
"rRESpfxmwdk@. usifh
0wfw&m; ta=umif;

17

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
ae&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (9) xdk@tjyif avmu"rReSpfxmwOf;[laom
usifh0wfw&m;eSpfyg;wdk hudk ypPKy`gefooF&mwdk hY csrf;omjcif;jzifhodpGrf;
aqmif&Gufedkifaomynm&Sdyk*~dKvfwdkhtm;? tvJ;tjrwfjyKjyD;v#ifrdwfusGrf;
0if&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (10) 4if;rdwfusGrf;0ifaomyk*~dKvfwdk hYynmjzifhaygif;
&SnfjyD;v#if// w&m;vufvGwfvsuf usifh0wfw&m;arSmufrSm;olwdkh
onf? avmuwGifvlowW0gwdk hYtusdK;pD;yGg;vnf;r&Sd// ooF&mYvnf;
tusKd;r&Sdaomolwdk@udk/ 0J;pGg&efoluJhodk@rdrdpdwfYxm;jyD;v#ifa&Smif=unf
&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (11) olwyg;.OpPmypPnf;wdk@udkckd;,ljcif;jzifh4if// ol
wyg;om;r,m;wdk htm; usL;vGrfjcif;jzifh4if;? txl;ojzifha&Smif=unf&
jcif;vnf;wyg;? (12) rdrdwdk htm;olwyg;wdk hoOf? usL;vGrfjcif;jzifh=udrf
=upfjim;aomfvnf;// rsufrefa'gowdk@udk odrf;csKyfvsuf onf;cefjcif;jzifh
a&Smif=uOf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (13)vlwdk hYtedpP 'kuQ tewW[k qdktyf
aom vuQ%ma&;oHk;yg;whdkudk// tv,fhtvmtm;jzifh tcgcg atmuf
arhjyD;v#if// rdrdcE<mudkudk ynmrsufpdjzifh =uOfh&SkqifjcifqkrRjyD;v#if?
wajymif;jyefjyef puft[efodk hjzpfysufaejcif;udk 'kuQw&m;jzifhodjrif
vsuf// a=umuf&Grfhxdufvrfhap&ef &SmrSD&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (14) xdk@t
jyifavmb a'go arm[[k qdktyfaom pdwfqif&dkif;udk aehnrjywf
,snfaus;apjcif;iSg ynmjzifhxdrfodrf;apmifha&Smufv#uf jidrfoufwnf
wef hpGmjzifh ae&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (15)xdkjyifrdcifzcifwdk htm;cspfjrwfekd;
jyD;vsuf? bk&m;wql ulwvHk;wdk huJhodk h// aehnrjywf t&kdtao tvJ
tjrwf &Sdcdk;OD;wifvsuf jyKpkvkyfusGJ; rGJ;jrL;&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (16) xdk hjyif
rdrdwdk@. qG,frsdK;nmwd o*F[wd@k Yvnf;// ouf=uD;oltdkwdk@tm; rdrdpdyfY
=unfvifpGgtm;jzifh *g&0 t&kdtoOf tv;Jtjrwf jyKvkyfaqmif&Guf
jcif;vnf;wyg;// (17) xdkrSwjcm;t&yfav;rsufeSmu vm=uaom
ykm; &[ef;&a\hrk%dwdk hY? t0wftpm;&duQmwdk hjzifh csdKK@wnf;
aomyK*~dKvfwdk@tm;vnf;? racgif;yg;aprlI aumif;rGefpGm ay;uef;
axmufyifhjcif;jzifh// b0wyg;odk haocJ; ODpPmxkyfudk odkvfrSD&HjyKvkyf&jcif;
vnf;wyg;? Tonfv#if(17)yg;aom avmu"rReSpfxmejzifh usifh0yf
w&m;aywnf;?

18

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
vlwdk@Y tdefaxmif
(18) xdk@tjyif avvkyfjcif; ukefoG,fjcif;
oufrGJ yvkyfv#uf
a&mif;0,fazgufum;yvkyfv#uf pm; aomuf
vkyfudkifpm;aomuf
=uaomolwdk@Y? rdrd. vkyfudkif&dSaom tvkyf
=u&ef aqmif&Guf&
wdk@wGif ae@nrjywf tpD;tyGm;wd@k tm; wGufcsuf
jcif;ta=umif;
+yD;v#if rdrdY r,kwfr,GaprlI vkyfukdifpm;
aomufaqmif&Guf&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (19) xdk odk@
vkyfudkifjcif;Y apmifha&SmH+yD;v#if tpm;&duQmwdk@udk jyOf@0Srf;pGm wdkufusDus
wdk@jzifh odkvfrSDv#uf? rdrdYqG,frsKd; o*F[wd@k tm; axmufyifh rZ &jcif;
vnf;wyg;? (20) xdk hjyif xkrf;enf;emwdk hudkvnf; ynmrSD;aomolwdk h
udk eSOf;uyfjyD;v#if// tjzmjzmaomynm ody`wwfajrmufaomolwdk ht
xefY qnf;uyfvsuf// vkyfusGJ;axmHyifhjcif;jzifhjyKvkyfjyD;v#if// xHkrf;enf;
emwdk@udk rSwfom;em,l&jcif;vnf;wyg; // (21) xdkodk@q&mxHY&tyf
aom xkrf;enf;emwd@k udk rarhr,Gapjcif;Xg // rdrdpdwfYpGJ;ajrpGm rSwfom;
em,ljyD;v#if// ol.aus;Zka=umifh taxGtxl; ol.ukefaus;Zkudk// rarh
r,GjrJ;pGmodjrif&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (22) jyif rdrdwdk@trsKd;av;yg;wdk@Y
tEG,f0eforSoufqif;v#uf// zdk;bD;pnfquf rdztvdkufZ&kdufusihf&kd;
"rRwmwdk@udkazgufrjyeftm;jzifh// usifhoHk;aqmif&Gufapmifha&Smuf&jcif;
vnf;wyg; // (23)odk@jzpfjcif;a=umifh trsdK;EG,fonfwdk@onf tpOfw&m;
apmifha&Smufjcif;tm;jzifh tdefaxmifaygif;&Snfjcif;Y// ola[mif;ouf=uD;
xkrf;eOf;emudk ,laqmifvsuf aygif&Snf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (24) xdkjyifw
yg;aomtEG,f0efowdk@u avSywfzsm;a,mif;jim;aomfvnf;// rdrdwdk@Y
trsdK;Zmwdw&m;wdk@onf ysufpD;uG,faysmHjcif; odk@ra&mufap&H 0J;pGm
a&Smif=uOf&jcif;vOf;wyg;// (25) xd@k jyif EkdifiefawmfwGif vltaygif;wdk@Y//
ynmody`oiftefavhusufvsuf eSefhjym;vkHcsKHpGmjzifh wwfajrmHjcif;r&Sd
aomolwdk@Y // wpkHwcktm;jzifh vlrSktdefaxmifpD;y`g;aqmif&rf aygif;az:
jcif;udka&Smif=unf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (26) xdkjyif wpkHwckwwfajrmufjcif;
r&Sdao;aomolwdk@tm;// vlrkStdefaxmif pD;yGg;aqmif&mwdk@Y nJharSmif
rod =uufrsuftdwfaom olESifhvnf; tvm wlbdouJho@kd // vlrSktdef
axmifpD;yGg;aqmifjcif;udka&Smif=uOf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (27) xdkodk@c&m0go
tdefaxmifoufrGJ;jyKvkyf&mwdk@Y// tjzmjzmaomvla&;udpPrsm;wdk@udk

19

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
ausjyGefavywfpGm vdrRmodwwfjcif;jzifh jyO@fpkH&jcif;vnf;wyg; // (28)
xdkodk@odwwfjyD;rS
tdefaxmifoufarG;wpHkwckvkyfrSkudkif&mwkd@wGif//
=uHwGufqjyD;v#if vHkv0g,r ppfwkyfI// t&if;yifpnfwnfjyD;v#if
pD;yGg;csrf;omjcif;jzifh oD;yGihfvsuf// rarhravsmhtm;jzifh vkyfudkifpm;
aomuf&jcif;vOf;wyg;// (29) a'go /arm[/ rme/ w&m;wdk@ukd odrf;
csKyfapmifha&Smufvsuf // olwyg;wdk@oOf// raumif;aomqENmjzif h ysufpD;
apjcif;Xg xkrf;enf;emwd@k udk ay;jim;aomfvnf; // rdrdYrjiduyfapvsuf
a&Smif=uOf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (30) rdzwdk@.aus;Zkw&m;wdk@oOf// jrif;rSkd&f
awmifESifh csdrfaqmifESkdif;qjim;aomfvnf;// rdz.ukefaus;Zkw&m;
wdk@onf// twdkif;rodaomtm;jzifh aus;Zkw&m;wd@k udk tzefwvJ;vJ;
atmufarhodjrif&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (31) topfaygif;zuf=uaomom;r
,m;wdk@ESifh om;ajr;aqGrsdK; aus;uGsrf jcG,f&H oif;yif;wdk@yg// ruif;ruGm
apmifha&SmH axmHyifh&jcif;vOf;wyg;// (32) xdk@jyif avmuwGif vlayvl
ysufwdk@onf uJh&Jhjypfwifjcif;jzifh jyKjim;aomfvnf;/ 0rf;xnf; oHa0
pdwfjzifhajzvsuf xdkolwdk htm;a&Smif=unf&jcif;vOf;wyg;// (33) xdk
odk@a&Smif=unfjyD;vsuf vlaumif;vlrGefwdk@onf? csDrGefjcif;udk jzpf=u
ap&rf// taqGcifyGef;eSifhajcG&Hoif;yif;wdk@tm;// cspfyef;,eef hjzifhrajyap
jcif;Xg// apmifha&Smif&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (34) xdk@jyif tdefaxmifpD;yGg; qnf;
zl;jcif;Y// odyfoJ;ajr;jrefpGm pGJvrf;vsuf odkrDS&mY // ajrtdk;ajrcGufw@kd jzifh
wef;pufudkcrfjcif;ESpf// xdk@jyif jci,fonf rdrdESkyfjzifh udkufcsD,l
aqmifvsuf awmifbdk@jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh// tvm;wlpGm qnf;zl; pk
aqmif;jyKvkyf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (35) vlwkd@Yynm0d&d,wdk@jzifh jrJ;jrefcdkif
crfhpGm =uHaqmifvkyfudkif&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (36) xdkodk@vkyfudkif&mwdk@Y
aooyfpGmaom a,musmF;jrwfwdk@. vkyfudkifjcif;oOf// rdrdYxifrSwfoOf
twdkif; jyOfh0pGmcsrf;ompD;ygG;&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (37) xdk@jyifynmcsdKwOf;
aomolwdk@Y// vkvarhrl trsm;vlwdk@. uhJ&Jhjypfwifjcif;udk cef&jcif;vnf;
wyg;// (38) xdk@jyifrdrdudk*dk rcspfay;vsuf// tusifhpm&dwWysufpD;jcif;jzifh//
vloGrf;wdk@u ayodk@ rod ysif;&d&dESifh// =urRydk@u igw@kd ae&m pD;yGg; vm
tHh[k =urRudkcsnf; xdk;pGyfvsuf aejcif;udk a&Smif=uOf&jcif;vnf;wyg;//

20

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
olaX;ol=uG,f ukefoG,f
(39) EdkifiHawmf&Sd olaX; ol=uG,f ukefoG,f
wdk@tm; xdrf;odrf;apmifh
v,fvkyfwdk@tm; olwyg;wdk@onf rSDcdk&m jzpf
a&SmH=u&rf usifh0wfw
&m;ta=umif;?

aom vuQ%monfum; tvGeft&dyf0go

aumif;aom yifanmifyif}uD;. vuQ%mESifh

tvm;wlap&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (40) xdkyif
anmifyif}uD;. vuQ%monf? vrf;c&D;Yaom vm;aomolwdk@onf
aeylwefv#yfrSvm=ujcif;a=umifh xdkopfyifatmHodk@ 0ifv#ufrDScdkv#if
tvGef{jrcsrf;omjcif;jzifh awG@&Sd&bdouJhodk@ xdkenf;wlpGmvlokH;yg;wdk@
tm; rSDcdkjcif;Yvnf; csrf;ompGmawG@=uap&H aqmif&Gufapmifha&Smuf&
jcif;vnf;wyg;// (41) xdkodk@wdkif;c&kdif;Ekdifiefawmfudk jyKysifpDref awmfrl&m
wGif Ekdifiefawmfom;rsm;wdk@Ya&cGef/ ajrcGefjrdK@&Gmpaus;rsm;wdk@ESifh// trSk
xef;aqmif&Gufaom olwdk@wGif// qdkif&mvlwdk@tcGefbE<m qufoGif;ap
&efrSm// a&$rsdKif;"rR\m'fawmftwdkif; // trsdK;av;yg; rl;rwfjyOfolwdk@
tm;/ trdefhawmfydkif;jzwf om;em;awmfrloOfrSm// a&S;bD;awmfbdk; awmf
jrwfwdk@ESifh// zcrJ;awmfrif;jrwfwdk@vufxufawmfu// ay;oem;awmfrlcJh
aom // taqmift&Gufpm;aus;jrdK@&Gm / ol=uD;&yfuGyf// tpdk@tief;wdk@rSm
// om;ajr;pOfqu f/ oufqif;&Gufaqmif =uD;pdk;jrJ;&SdoOftwdkif; // =uD;pdk;
xef;&Gufap/ xkyfcGefAE<mcef,loHkrf;aqmifqufoGif;onft&mrsm;wdk@
rSmvnf;// toDom;wd@k rSm// wESpfv#if// tdef=uD;ig;ojym // tdefi,fw
ojym;cGJ; xef;aqmifap // tpdk@tief;om;wdk@rSmvnf;// tdef=uD;q,fo
jym// tdefi,f ig;ojym;us xef;aqmif&Gufap xdk@jyif avawmfvkyfoRm;
rsm;wdk@rSmvnf;// vkyfpm;=uonf av,mOD,sOfajrwmwdk@Y// rp>drm
awmifwm// w*g%Dv#if// wESpfudkwojymESifhtcGJ;usESkrf;jzifh aqmif
&Guf qufoGif;ap// olaX;ol=uG,f ukefoG,f avydkif ajrydkifwdk@rSm
vnf;// xdkenf;wlpGmaumHcefpm;aomufap&moOf// xdkrSydkrdkjcif;jzifh// azGHh
pnf; jyKvkyfaumHcefjcif;r&Sdap&// xdkrSwyg;// oabFmqdyfuef;rsm; wdk@
YvOf;// ypPOf;.xdkufxef bdk;ojymw&mv#if// q,fcdkifusESkrf;jzifh
aumuf,lqufoGif;ap // jrdK@pm; &Gmpm;wdk@rSm uwdk;cGef ydkufcGefwdk@udkom
odrf;ydkufpm;aomufap// w&m;wef;azgifwdk@Y// tcGefAE<m aus;ukefaiG
usr&SdapESifh/ nm%fylaZmfftrlukdom

21

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
axmufcsifhI// ESpfojymwefonf// wjymocGJ;wefonf[k// jyD;pD; atmif
pD&ifolwdk@pm;aomufap//
t&kdif;
awmifolrduQvlw@kd Yvnf;//
'g;wZif;,mwcif;v#if// oHkrf;ojymusxef;aqmifap// xdk@jyif trSkxef;
toif;// udkawmf&rftrSl;// 0if;om; 'dkif;om;// [,m;pD&Du refvJ;
udkifwdk@rSpI// tcGeftxkyfraqmifr&GufapESifh xdk@jyifEdkifiefawmfom;rsm;
wdk@Y w&m;wefazgifvufa&mufESkyfvGr fajrrSk a&rSk tdefrkS aiGrSkrsm;wdk@rSm//
w&m;tqG,fav;a,muf jynf;pdk;av;a,mufpD// jrdK@av;rsufESmt
&yfwdk@u// w&m;rmyfESifh pD&ifjrJ;pD&ifap// jyD;ajyjidrf;v#if// trSk=uD;
i,fudkaxmufI// ig;ojymaomf// q,fojymaomf// xdkufonf
tm;avsmfpGmudk// pD&ifqkrf;jzwfaomolw@kd u// cef,lokHrf;pm;ap// rif;&m
pdk;xl;[lI// rukefrusapESifh / w&m;toG,fjyOfpdk;wdk@pD&ifI// rjyD;jywf
aomf// trwf=uD;av;OD;wdk@ v$yfawmfodk@ykdjyD;vsuf// pHknDqkrf;jzwfap //
xdktrwfwdk@pD&ifIrjyD;rjywfaomf trSkonfESpfOD;udk// twGif;awmfodk@
0ifap // cdk;rSk ,dk;rSkrsm;wkd@rSmvnf; // &kdyfykwfaxmif;oyfI// rppfrar;ap
ESifh// ynmjzifhom ay:aygufatmifppfqJ;ar;jref;ap// cdk;onfrSefv#if// pm
xdk;I [&Dtpdk@wGifjzOfhap // toufaoqHkrf;rSkjzpfyGg;aomolwdk@udk // rnf
olrqdk aopm;aoap&rftwGuf/ toD;om;ocsF Dtpdk@wGifjzOfhap// Ad
\mufoGrf;r*Fvmykm;ra&mapESihf//
&[ef;oCFmawmfjrwfwdk@rSm
vnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlaom rl&if;pum;udk// &Snf=um
xGef;vif;atmif// 0F*Gredrif;vufxuf// oD[Xvbmom tuQ&mwif
xm;cJhonf// yduyfoHkrf;ykHudkom// oif=um; avhvm&rnf// ykxkpsgefwdk@
azGHhpnf;jyKvkyfaom usrf*efrsm;wdk@udk// ravhrvmraqmif&Gufap& //
aemufaemifudkvnf;// usrf*eftopfrazHGhrvkyfap&// omoemawmf
jrwfY/ xdrf;tyfapmifha&SmHawmfrlaom/ 0deOf;udkoCFmawmfjrwfwdk@u//
Ekdifeif;atmifwm;jrpfapmifha&SmufawmfrloifhygoOf[kEdkifiefawmfwGif//
rif;Agbk&ifrif;jrwfoOf rif;bmtmemydkif;jzwfvsuf// cs rSwfawmfrlav
onf//
xdkjyif bk&ifrif;jrwfwdk hY// ppfxdk;&mwGifw&m;eSifhnDnGwfpGm
jzifh ppfqdkif&monf w&m;udkrapmifha&SmHavaoma=umifh// ysufpD; jcif;
odk ha&muf&ava=umif;udk// a&S;xkrf;a[mif;"rRwmw&m;ESifh? yrmxm;

22

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
yrgxm;vsuf jyn$rf;awmfrlavonfrSm// q'Ngefajymifrkef/ a&;[kef
eif;csdK;/ jcGrf;jcGrf;xdk;odk@/ tusdK;&Sdoifh/ xdk;cGifhrom/ r*Fvmatmifajr/
taeoifh&m/ Adkvfygqifjrif;/ odrf;orf;rysuf/ &J;rufrjydK// &rfudkeSdyfEGrf/
t=uHynm/ onfomjzpfcJh/ ol&J;ro#m;/ vuf&kHrf;tm;rSm/ trSm;trSef/
tvGeftusK;/ ol&l;t*Fg/ rdp>mtusifhedrfhjrifo#HKrf;ESkdif/ tydkifcJ;cuf/ vuf
eufAdkvfjc,f/ taotqkHrf;// xHkrf;rjyKavmuf/ xGif;azgufajrmuf jrm;/
*kHrfudk;yg;pHk/ ynmvHkrS/ AdkvfyHkryef;/ nmpGrf;e*~d/ wGif;jyif&Sdu/ =uD;Adppftif/
jrif;qif&xm;/ ajraotm;eSifh/ av;yg;nDpHk/ a&mufjim;wHkvnf;/
ydkufcsHKrfjyD;pD;/ ppfol=uD;wdk@/ xHkrf;rDS;vdrRm/ odk hudkomvsif/ ppftifvnf;
rnf/ tyfonfa&S;&kd;/ &mefcsdK;edKifonf/ oljynfom,m/ 0wdefomodk h/
yrmwr#/ tourif;/ ppfwGifo#KHrf;rnf/ qdkoOfpum;/ od=um;pnf
vsuf/ ysufonfxHkrf;pef/ eENDaoe/ toutrwf/ nDnGwfjynfpHk/
ynmvHkI/ AdkvfyHk&efjidrf;/ umvd*F&mZf/ okppfEGrf;ndk;/ tusdK;r&Sd/
yef;aeS&dI/ updupuf/ a=unufb&rf;/ trwfoGrf;eSihf/ rif;=urf;w
oGrf/ rmefwef;cGefudk/ uJ;vGefpwif/ udk,fhv#ifudk,f0,f/ tvr`g,fodk h/
tEW&m,fa&muf ajy;aygufvrf;rSm;/ oOfaysmufjim;vOf;/ w&m;r&/
rif;oHkn[k a&S;xHkrf;a[mif;rsm;wdk hudk/ eSpfvHkrf;rlvsufapmifha&Smufap
&monf// xdkrSwHkvnf;/ olavSmifolysuf/ aygif;zufpum;/ rif;=uD;rSm;rl
wdkif;um;rpOfysufwwfonf[k a&S;ynm[dwdk@ qdkqHkrR a=om0g' ay;cJh
aom ta=umif;w&m;rsm;wd@k udk toifhtwifheSpfvHkrf;rlI apmifh
a&Smufap&monf//
4ifjyif jydKifanmifyifYtoD;tyGihfwdk@onf jyOfh0Srf;pGmoD;yGifh
vsuf &Sdavjcif;a=umihf// aus;iSuftaygif;wdk@oOfvOf; rSDcdkvsufpm;
aomufjcif;jzifh om,mpGmaebdouJhodk@? xdkenf;wlpGm igwdk@trsKd;
av;yg;wdk@Yvnf;? rSDcdkuyfv#uf vkyfudkifpm;aomufjcif;jzifhY csrf;omok
cjzifh jyOf@pHkpGmjzpfap&rf? apmifha&Smuf&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (42) wdkif;c&dkifY
&Sd=uukefaom trsKd;av;yg;wdk@wGif? olqif;&J awmifolrduQvlwdk@onf?
olaX;ol=uG,f ukefoG,fv,fvkyfwdk@Y? toD;oD; nmwdo*F[wdk@tm;
rSDcdkv#ufvkyfudkifpm;aomuf=u&efvnf;wyg;? (43) 4if;jyifrSDcdkvkyfudkif
pm;aomH=uaom olwdk@tm; apmifha&SmHaxmufyifhaom olwdk@onf oGrf
oifajyma[m qdkqHkrRjcif;Y? omomcsKdcsKdtm;jzifh? olwyg;wdk@tm;

23

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
cspfjrwfEdk;jcif; jzpfpdrfhaomiSm rSDcdkY apmifha&SmH&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (44)
xdkjyif =urf;=uKyfpGmjzifh olwyg;wdk@tm;&ufpufpGm ynmarhuif;v#uf?
apmifha&SmHjcif;Y a&Smif=uOf&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (45) rdrdYrSDcdkaomolwdk@
tm;? avmu0wfwdk@jzifh olwdk@udkxpfonfhtm;av#mfpGm jyOf@0apv#uf?
r_rScyfodrf;wdk@udk aqmif&Gufxdrf;odrf;apmifha&SmH&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (46)
olpdrf;olAsufyifjzpfjim;aomfvnf;? rSDckdv#uf&Sdaomolwdk@tm;? apmifh
a&SmHxdrf;odrf;tkyfcsKyfjcif;wGif? rdzawG@AdouJhodk@ omom=unf=unftm;
jzifh apmifha&SmH&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (47) rdrdwdk@Y aqG&if;om;ajr; aus;u|rf;
oif;yif;wdk@tm;? arG@arG@av#mfav#mf? aysmfaysmfyg;yg;jzpfpdrfhjcif;iSm? ajymqdk
jcif;Y E_wfcsKdysm;uJhodk@ qdkqHkrRv#uf t0yftpm;ay;uef;aqmif&Guf+yD;
v#if rnkd;rEGrf;apay; arG;jrL&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (48) &cdkiftrsKd;t&dk;wdk@Y?
tpOfqif;oufv#uf? usifhoHk;aqmHwnf=u&aom usifh0yfynmyfw&m;
wdk@udk rarhrav#mapv#uf apmifha&Smuf&jcif;vnf;wyg;? tXpwWvDo
(48) yg;aom usihf0wfw&m;onfv#if TwGiftqHkrf;w&m;aywnf;? ?
anmif*efusrf;wGifaz:jyv#ufa&;ul;aomw&m;aywnf;?

1287 ck owif;u|wfvqef; 15 &ufae@?

OD;omxGef;atmif
xdktcg EdkifiefawmfwGif xdrf;odrf;tkyf csKyf
v#uf&Sd=uukefaom c&dkifrif;wdk@onf? t
oD;oD; pDrefaqmif&Guf azG@Jpnf;=uav onf
wGif? r@awmfY azG@JpOf;&rfrSm? r@t*Fgq,fyg;
wnf;? q,fyg;[laomfum;? (1) wdkif;jynfY
bk&ifrif;vnf;wyg;? (2) wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiefawmfwGif w&m;ESifhtnD? pD&if
qHkrf;jzwfEdkifaom ynm&Sd jynfpkd;}uD;vOf;wyg;? (3) wzuf&rfolwdk@udk
zzsufESdyfuGyfydjym;Edkifaom 'g;ydkif}uD;vnf;wyg;? (4) qif jrif; &xm;
ajconfwdk@ESifh pHkvifpGm r@awmfY &Sd&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (5) wdkif;jynfY rif;
.tusKd;awmfaqmif udk,sHKawmf oHw&_dtrwfynm&Sdvnf;wyg;? (6)
wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiefawmfwGif usHKajrmif; &if'g; twGif;jyiftm;jzifh yjyif
azG@JpOf;v#uf cdkifcrfhpGmyvkyfxm;&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (7) EdkifiefawmfY
4if;a&$AsKdif;"rRom'f
awmf vmonfhtwdkif;
yXr yk'fY aqmif&Guf
azG@JpOf;=u&rfta=umif;?

24

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
=u,f v euQmyfw&mwdk@udk odrf;ypfazG@HpOf;v#uf udrf;crf;,=wmtm;
jzifh? tum}uD;w&m? tumi,fwaxmif jyGefaygufwaxmif yvkyf
azG@JpOf;&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (8) EdkifiefawmfY &wemq,fyg;tm;jzifh wdkuf
usDusyvkyfv#uf jyOf@0Srf;pGm pDrefaqmif&Guf&Sd&jcif;vnf;wyg;? 4if;q,f
yg;wGif pyg;rsKd;ckESpfyg;vnf; tygt0ifwnf;? (9) e,fjynfawmfwGif
ynm ody` }uD;yGm;ap&ef? avmuDtwwfynm ody`wdkufawmfESihf? avm
ukwW&mtwwfynm ody`}uD;yGm;jrifhjrwfjyef@aygapjcif;iSm4if;? xdkESpf&yf
om wdkufawmfwdk@udk }uD;us,fcrf;em;pGm yvkyfaqmif&Gufv#uf azG@JpOf;
v#uf ay;&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (10) Edkifiefawmfom;wdk@. tusKd;pD;yGm;
tvdk@iSm? aqmif&Gufxdrf;odrf;&ef jynf.tusKd;aqmif AE<mawmfwdkuf
azG@Jpnf;yvkyfay;&jcif;vnf;wyg;? Tonfv#if EdkifiefawmfwGif
xdrf;odrf;aqmif&Guf&efaom ta=umif;q,fygwnf;?
trsKd;av;yg;wd@k Y apmifha&SmH&m aom
usifh0wfw&m;[laomfum;? tjym;
tm;jzifh (30) wnf;? xdkw&m;wdk@wGif
rif;Y usifh&aom w&m;[laomfum;
rif;usifh0wfw&m; q,f yg;? ty%d[med,w&m; ckESpfyg;? em,uukef
ajcmHyg;? jA[R0d[m& w&m;av;yg;? yOPoDig;yg;? Tonfv#if rif;usifh0yf
w&m; tjym;tm;jzifh (30) aywnf;? xdkrSwyg;Edkifiefawmfom; trsKd;oHk;
yg;wdk@Y usifh0yfw&m;[laomfum;? tus,ftm;jzifh (103) aywnf;?
Tt&mY tus,fudk rsm;aomtm;jzifh az:xkyfa&;ul;v#ufrjyvdkuf+yD?
tus,fudk
odvdkrl?
jAL[yfanmif*efusrf;ESifh?
avmuom&
usrf;wdk@udkvOf;? &cdkiftrsKd;t&dk;wdk@. rla[mif;usrf;udk &SmI =uOf@od
av&m.?

trsKd;av;yg;wdk@Y usifhoHk;apmifh
a&SmH=u&H w&m;tjym; (30) .
ta=umif;?

EdkifiefawmfY tkyfcsKyfxdrf;odrf;=u
aom c&dkifrif;wdk@Y apmifha&SmHxdrf;
odrf;a&Smif=unf&maom usifh0wf
w&m; ckESpfyg;wnf;? ckESpfyg;[l
aomfum; E_yf vuf =uef;'ef;jcif;udkvnf; a&Smif=unf&m.? wpdk;
wdkif;jynfY xdrf;odrf;tkyfcsKyf
=uaom c&dkifrif;wdk@. usifh
0wfw&m;ta=umif;?

25

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
vufaqmif yef;em;wnf;[laom ypPOf;&yfrsm;wdk@udkvnf; wwfruf
armojzifh vuQHokH;pGJ pm;aomufjcif;udkvnf;? a&Smif=unf&m. (2) ol
wyg;wdk@Y pnf;vJ;aumufuspfwwfaom pdwfoabmwdk@ESifh? a'goapm
tm;jzifh jiL;pl;jcif;jzifhjzpfwwfaom t&mwdk@udkvnf; a&Smif=unf&m.?
(3) avmb a'go arm[ w&m;wdk@onf rdrdY}uD;us,fpGma&mufjcif;udk
vnf; a&Smif=unf&m.? (4) olwyg;wdk@tm; a=umuf&Gef@wkefv_yfwwf
aom pdwfoabm tpnfw@kd udkvnf; a&Smif=unf&m.? (5) owd,kwf
v#v#uf xdkif;r_dif;awGa0wwfaom *wdw&m;wdk@udkvnf; a&Smif=unf&m
.? (6) rif;ESifhwuG jyOfolwdk@. tusKd;pD;yGm;arhjzpf&maom w&m;wdk@udk
pDrefazGH@pOf;aqmif&Gufjcif;udkvnf; a&Smif=uOf&m.? (7) Tonfv#if
EdkifiefawmfY tkyfcsKyf=uaom c&dkifrif;wdk@. usifh0wfw&m; ckESpfyg;ay
wnf;?
xdkjyifEdkifiefawmfY trsKd;oHk;
yg;wdk@tm; tusKd;awmfaqmif
&Gufaom Ag;bl tcsKyfvl}uD;
tm; rdrdY xdrf;odrf;apmifh a&SmH
&maom usifh0wfw&m; (10)
yg;wnf;? q,fyg;[laomfum;? txufjyqdkcJhaom usifh0wfw&m; ckESpf
yg;wdk@ESifhwuG rdrdY &wemq,fyg;tm;jzifh jyOf@zsKd;jcif;t*FgESifh nDnGwfpGm
&Sd&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (8) razgufrjyef orRm'dw&m;tm;jzifh wnfwef@
cdkifcrfhpGmjzifh rdrdYjynfhpHk&jcif;wyg;? (9) owW0gtaygif;wdk@udk rdwWmpdwf
tm;jzifh ruif;ruGm tjrJwnfv#uf apmifha&SmH&jcif;vnf;wyg; Tonf
v#ifjynf.tusKd;awmfaqmif Ag;bltcsKyfvl}uD;. usifh0wfw&m; q,f
yg;aywnf;?

EdkifiefawmfwGif trsKd;oHk;yg;wdk@
Y tusKd;awmfaqmif&Guf&ef
v$Jtyfaom Ag;bltcsKyf vl
}uD;usifh0wfw&m;ta=umif;

oacFy tusnf;tm;jzifhtrsKd;
av;yg;wdk@tm; a&Smif=unf&m
aom usifh0wfw&m;udk az:jy
jcif;ta=umif;?

rif;ESifhwuG Edkifiefawmfom;trsKd;
oHk;yg;wdk@onf? rEka&$AsKdif;"rRom"f
awmft& xdrf;odrf;apmifha&SmH&rf
trdef@tmem xkyfjyefawmfrlonf

26

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;
rSm? rif;ESifhwuG olaX;o l =uG,f
ukefoG,f avvkyfolqif;&J; awmifolrduQ vlrSpI aqmif
&Gufxdrf;odrf;a&Smif=unf&maom usifh0wfw&m;[laomf um;? om;r
aumif;v#iftz? oRD;raumif;v#if trd? r,m;r aumif;v#ifvif?
u|efraumif;v#if t&Sif? &Gmraumif;v#if &yfuGyf? jynfraumif; v#if
trwf? rif;raumif;v#if wdkif;jynfrS u|wfvGwfap&monf? xdkrSwyg;
Edkifiefawmfom; trsKd;oHkr`g;wdk@ Yvnf; usifhoHkrf;aexdkif 0wfpm; oHkrf;
aqmifjcif;Y/ a&Smif=uOf&m aom w&m;onfum; r[mEG,f rif;rsKd;wdk@.
aexdkif0wfpm; aqif&Gufjcif;udk ukefoG,favvkyfwdk@tm; a&Smif=unf
&m.? ukefoG,favvkyfwdk@. aexdkif0wfpm; usihfoHkrf;aqmif&Gufjcif; udk
olqif;&J;awmifolrduQ vlwdk@tm;a&Smif=uOf&m.[k tusnf;tm;jzifh
xdrf;odrf;a&Smif=unf&maom usifh0wfw&m; q,fyg;aywnf;?

27