Nguyn Hu Dng DV1K2

Tm hiu h thng v tinh hng khng

AMSS l vit tt ca Aeronautical Mobile Satellite System ( H thng v tinh di ng hng khng ) Nhc li: ATN l vit tt ca Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (Mng vin thng hng khng) H tr thng tin trn khng vi mt t, mt t vi mt t cho cc hng hng khng dn dng Da trn m hnh lp thng tin OSI Thng tin trn khng / mt t v mt t / mt t c kt ni vi mng ATN trn ton th gii gip ngi s dng c th truy cp cc ng dng AMSS l mt trong nhng mng vin thng di ng hng khng AMSS da trn nhng v tinh thng tin c gi l SATCOM Inmarsat l vit tt ca International Maritime Satellite Organization (T chc v tinh hng hi quc t) Inmarsat c sng lp vo nm 1979 phc v cho nhng ngi i bin, vi mc ch theo di qun l tu thuyn v cung cp cc ng dng ng cu v tiu khin ngoi khi qua v tinh. Cc dch v mang tnh thng mi bt u vo nm 1982, v k t , mt lot cc dch v phn phi ca Inmarsat bnh trng nhm thu tm cc khu vc th trng trn t lin v hng khng. n nhng nm u ca thp k 90, Inmarsat c 64 nc thnh vin. Vo thng 4 nm 1999, Inmarsat tr thnh mt cng ty trch nhim hu hn c tr s chnh t ti Lun n Inmarsat by gi h tr thng tin cho hn 250.000 user (tu, xe, my bay,thit b u cui di ng), trn ton th gii (170 quc gia)

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Insatcom: Phn vng khng gian Tiu chm sao: C 4 Inmarsat - 3 satellites (F1 ti F4 ) 4 Inmarsat-2 satellites (back-up & leased capacity) Planned Inmarsat-4 satellites o Mt trong s c a vo cui nm 2004 o Ln n SATCOM : Phn vng v phm vi dch v Phn vng mt t : Inmarsat iu hnh mt mng li mng cc trm di mt t Cc v tinh c iu khin t trung tm iu khin t Ln n D liu v tnh trng ca chn v tinh c chuyn ti SCC bi bn trm theo di,iu khin v gim st t xa t Italy, Trung Quc, Ty v ng Canada Lng truy cp ti v t mng li vin thng trn mt t thng qua 32 trm mt t (LES) 29 quc gia
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H tr ln n 432 kbit / s

Cc dch v cho hng hi v hng khng (Thng tin iu khin hng khng), gim st

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Lu lng truy cp thng tin lin lc c theo di v qun l bi Trung tm hot ng mng (NOC) Mi v tinh c kt ni vi 2 trm trn mt t Trong trng hp v tinh khng kt ni c Ti cu hnh trn v tinh d phng Hiu sut c kh nng xung cp Cc thit b trn cc th h v tinh: Inmarsat-2 (1986): Anten in t 12 dB gain for setting up five 9600 bit/s links 2500 my bay ng di c trang b Tc bit thp hn (600 bit / s), ng-ten thu c thp hn (v d nh ACARS tin nhn) Inmarsat-3 (1997) K thut chm tia ng-ten thu c trung bnh (6 db) vi tc 4800 bit / s trn mt ng T l cao hn nu chiu cao ng-ten tng Cc nh sn xut:
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Rockwell Collins Honeywell / Thales Tenzing Communications / Rockwell Collins Teledyne Control EMS Technology Garmin Novatel

Anten ca SATCOM Nhm thu c hiu qu cao hn, mt s ng-ten s t iu chnh chn v tinh thch hp Ci thin phm vi so vi thit k ban u (khong 95% so vi thit k ban u l 75%) H tr t nht l su knh fax, thoi hoc d liu ng thi, ngay c ra ca vng ph sng v tinh Inmarsat Dch v ca Inmarsat Mt lot cc dch v c cung cp, phn bit bi: Cc kiu dch v (in thoi, fax, telex, d liu, t l bit ti a) Sn c (ton cu hoc ti ch chm tia) ng dng (c nh, di ng, t ai, hng hi, ...) Trng lng in hnh thit b u cui (35 kg 400 g) Anten cui phi thu c Hng hi v in thoi di ng t lin Inmarsat cung cp mt di rng ln cc dch v qua mt trong nhng h thng ca Inmarsat. Vo nm 1982, Inmarsat-A l mt h thng u tin c gp mt vo loi hnh dch v di thng hiu c tn STANDARD-A. Cc thit b u cui c kch c khong mt hoc hai chic valy, tu thuc vo nh sn xut, v nng khong 20 Kg n 50 Kg. Thit b u cui ny hot ng vi mt chic ngten parabol c ng knh khong 1m vi mt cng sut EIRP l -36dBW v mt mc nhit
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G/T l -4 dBK-1. V tnh sn c ca v tinh v LES, thng thng, ngi s dng c th la chn tuyn thit lp cuc gi. Cc dch v thoi Inmarsat-A chim bng thng t 300 n 3000 Hz qua vic s dng mt knh n l(SCPC/FM). Ngi ta s dng cc k thut v hot ho m thoi v v ch nh nhu cu tng hiu sut ca ngun v tinh. iu ch BPSK c s dng cho vic truyn d liu vi tc ln ti 19,2 Kbit/s, v cho cc dch v truyn fax vi tc 14,4 Kbit/s. Tc truyn d liu cng c th ln n 64 Kbit/s s dng iu ch kho dch pha lch 90o (QPSK). Mt thit b kt cui i hi phi c mt knh thit lp cuc gi bng vic pht mt tn hiu iu ch 4,8 Kbit/s theo BPSK s dng th tc ALOHA. Inmarsat-A hot ng trong bng tn truyn pht t 1636 n 51645 MHz v trong di bng tn thu nhn t 1535 n 1543,5 MHz. Cc knh thoi hot ng vi mt khong cch tn s l 50 KHz, trong khi cc knh d liu li c tch bit mt khong 25 KHz. Inmarsat-B c hin din trong loi hnh dch v vo nm 1993, thc cht cung cp mt phin bn k thut s cho dch v thoi thuc Inmarsat-A. H thng ny kt hp hot ho m thoi vi iu khin ngun in tch cc gim thiu cc yu cu v EIRP qua v tinh. Cc thit b u cui hot ng vi cng sut 33,29 hoc 25 dBW vi mt mc nhit G/T l -4 dBK-1. Thoi c to ra vi tc bt 16 Kbit/s bng vic s dng phng php m ho tin on tng thch (APC), m m sau c m ho bng m chp 3/4 mc tc , lm tng tc knh ln ti 24 Kbit/s. Tn hiu c iu ch qua offset-QPSK. D liu c truyn i vi tc t 2,4 n 9,6 Kbit/s, trong khi fax ln ti 9,6 Kbit/s qua iu ch offset-QPSK. Cc dch v d liu tc cao (HSD) thuc Inmarsat-B cho ra cc truyn thng s tc 64 Kbit/s ti nhng ngi s dng trn bin v t lin, v cho ra kh nng kt ni ti cc mng ISDN qua mt LES u ni ph hp. Mt thit b kt cui i hi phi c mt knh thit lp mt cuc gi bng vic pht i mt tn hiu iu ch qua offset-QPSK c tc 34 Kbit/s bng th tc ALOHA. Cc knh c n nh vic s dng mt knh BPSK TDM.

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Inmarsat-B hot ng trn bng tn truyn pht l 1626,5 n 1646,5 MHz v bng tn thu nhn l 1525 n 1545 MHz. Cc thit b kt cui INMARSAT-C cung cp cc dch v c tc d liu thp vi tc thng tin l 600 bit/s. Loi m chp bn mc tc , vi di rng buc l 7, to ra tc truyn l 1200 bit/s. Cc tn hiu c truyn i bng phng php iu ch BPSK, trong mt di bng thng l 2,5 KHz. Cc kt cui l cc thit b c kch thc v trng lng nh. Phn ln cc thit b ny hot ng vi mt ngten v hng. Cc thit b u cui hot ng vi mt mc nhit G/T l -23dBK-1 v mt cng sut EIRP x dch t 11 n 16 dBW. Knh yu cu hi tip s dng cc tnh hiu c iu ch theo ALOHA BPSK vi tc 600 bit/s. Cc knh c gn cho vic s dng mt tn hiu iu ch theo TDM BPSK. H thng ny cung cp cc dch v d liu v tin nhn v truyn tip theo hai ng, v cc dch v bo co d liu, bo co nh v v qung b cuc gi nhm nng cao (EGC). EGC cho php hai loi hnh qung b c truyn pht: l SafetyNET, thc hin vic truyn pht thng tin bo an hng hi; nhm FleetNet, cho php cc thng tin thng mi c gi i ti mt nhm ngi s dng c th. Cc thit b kt cui c th gn vo cc phng tin giao thng hoc cc tu thuyn trn bin, ng thi cc thit b kt cui hnh dng nh chic cp ti liu cng hin din phong ph. INMARSAT-C, bng cch tng mi di tn ln 5 KHz, hot ng trong bng tn truyn pht t 1626,5 MHz n 1645,5 MHz v bng tn thu nhn t 1530 MHz n 1545 MHz. Xut pht t nhu cu i hi v mt chic in thoi di ng c nhn cm tay kt ni qua v tinh u tin, vo thng 12 nm 1992, ngi ta tung ra th trng dch v thng mi, h thng INMARSAT-M. H thng ny cung cp loi hnh in thoi vi tc 4,8 kbit/s bng vic s dng loi m kch thch a bng tn ci tin (IMBE), loi m m sau khi c m ho bng m chp 3/4 t mc tc , s tng mt tc truyn l 8 Kbit/s. Ngoi ra, cc dch v d liu v chuyn fax tc 2,4 Kbit/s (1,2-2,4 Kbit/s) cng c xut chng. INMARSAT-M hot ng trong lnh vc hng hi v loi hnh di ng trn t lin. Cc thit b kt
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cui phc v ngnh hng hi hot ng trn cng sut EIRP thuc mt trong hoc tt c hai gi tr 27 dBW hoc 21 dBW v vi mt mc nhit G/T l -12 dBK-1. Knh yu cu hi tip s dng cc tn hiu iu ch theo slotted-ALOHA BPSK vi tc 3 Kbit/s. Cc knh c gn cho vic s dng mt tn hiu iu ch theo TDM BPSK. V tinh hng hi INMARSAT-M hot ng trong cc bng tn truyn pht t 1626,5 MHz n 1646,5 MHz v cc bng tn thu nhn t 1525 MHz n 1545 MHz, vi khong cch knh l 10 KHz. Phin bn di ng trn t lin hot ng trn bng thng truyn pht l 1626,5-1660,5 MHz v bng tn thu nhn l 1525 n 1559 MHz, vi khong cch knh cng l 10 KHz. Thit b kt cui INMARSAT-M khai thc nng lng chm im ca cc v tinh INMARSAT-3 cho ra i cc dch v loi M, song s dng cc thit b kt cui nh gn hn so vi ca INMARSAT-M. Cc kt cui l nhng thit b thu gn v c kch c nh, khong bng kch thc ca chic my tnh laptop, trng lng di 5Kg. Cc phin bn dnh cho hng hi v cc phng tin giao thng cng hin din rt phong ph, cng nh cc phin bn cho in thoi vng nng thn, ch cn mt chic a 80 cm. Cc h thng khc do Inmarsat cho ra mt gm c INMARSAT-D+, h thng c s dng lu tr v hin th cc tin nhn c s k t ch v s ln n 128. Cc ng dng ni tri bao gm cc nhn tin c nhn, iu khin gim st v yu cu d liu (SCADA), cng nh qung b im-a im. Thng qua v tinh Inmarsat, h thng INMARSAT-E c s dng cung cp cc dch v cnh bo v gii tr th gin cho lnh vc hng hi trn ton cu. Hng khng Inmarsat cung cp mt lot cc dch v thuc lnh vc hng khng c xp x 2000 phi c m hin ti ang c lp rp bi cc kt cui khng gian. Cng nh cc vng di ng v hng hi, cc kt cui hng khng hin din trong mt lot cc loi hnh kt cui c tung ra phc v cc nhu cu ca tng th trng ring bit. Da theo tnh tng ng ca di ng t lin, h thng MIMI-AERO nhm vo nhng ngi s dng phi c loi nh v to nn mt knh n l cho truyn fax v cc cuc gi in thoi.
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H thng AERO-C l thc th tng ng mang tnh dch v hng khng ca kt cui INMARSAT-C, ng thi cho php cc tin nhn d liu hoc on kho vn bn lu v chuyn tip tc thp c gi hoc nhn bi mt phi thuyn v tinh. Ti bt k u trong vng chm ph sng ton cu, truyn thng thoi, fax, v d liu a knh t ti tc 10.5 Kbit/s u c AERO-H p ng. AERO-H hot ng trn bng tn truyn pht l 1530 n 1559 MHz, v trn bng tn thu nhn l 1626,5 n 1660,5 MHz. H thng AERO-H+ l mt bc tin ho ca AERO-H, v hot ng ch yu trong cc vng bao ph chm im c to ra bi cc v tinh thuc h INMARSAT-3 v hn na c th chuyn mch sang chm sng ph ton cu khi nm ngoi vng bao ph chm im. H thng AERO-I cng khai thc cc chm im l cc kh nng ca cc v tinh thuc INMARSAT-3, ng thi nhm vo cc th trng ca cc phi c v tinh ti lng ngn v trung bnh. AERO-I p ng ti by knh cho mt trm phi c di t. Cc dch v d liu gi cng c mt phong ph thng qua chm sng ton cu. H AERO-L cho ra cc truyn thng d liu tc thp vi mc 600 Kbit/s v c s dng ch yu cho cc th tc iu khin lu lng khng gian, iu hnh v qun l. Mng truy nhp ton cu (GAN) Inmarsat phng ln mng v tinh GAN vo cui nm 1999. Mc ch ca GAN l cung cp cc dch v mng thuc mobileISDN v thuc giao thc Internet (IP) di ng. Cc dch v c GAN h tr ny l cc dch v HSD 64Kbit/s, cc dch v m thoi 4,8Kbit/s s dng cc thut ton m ho sinh ng a bng thng tin tin, v cc dch v k thut tun t bng thng m thoi c modem. Cc kt cui thng hot ng mc cng xut 2,5 dBW vi mt mc nhit G/T l 7 dBK-1. Cc tc knh ln lt l 5,6 v 65,5 Kbit/s vi khong cch knh l 5 v 40 KHz. Cc kt cui hot ng trn cc bng tn khi truyn pht l 1626,5-1660,5 MHz, v thu nhn l 1525-1559 MHz. Cc c im ca dch v AMSS INMARSAT
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o AERO-H Cc loi dch v in thoi ng thi, a cng (gm m ha thoi) Fax (4.8 kpps) Thi gian thc, ch d liu gi hai chiu tc 600 bps, 10.5 Kpps Tng thch vi chun lin mng ISO 8208 i vi chuyn mch gi d liu D liu u cui kt ni vi my bay c gn thit b SATCOM c kh nng hot ng vi mng d liu kiu X.25 trn mt t. D liu trong ch chuyn mch knh h tr ngi dng xc nh giao thc. Dch v ton cu ph sng cao hnh trnh Tun th theo cc quy nh ca ICAO (SARPS) m bo an ton v tng thch vi mng thng tin trong qun l bay (CNS/ATN) H tr bo co ADS ton cu v ACARS Yu cu my bay phi c anten xoay c, hn ch i vi loi my bay hnh trnh di/trung bnh. o Hai cp dch v d liu gi c sn l: DATA-2 (FANS 1/A): n gin ha dch v ch d liu gi thiu chc nng mng. N khng c kh nng nh a ch v c dng h tr cho loi dch v ACARS/AIRCOM vi c tnh phi kt ni nh hng. Tuy nhin n c th h tr cc ng dng nh hng bit khi c dng trong cc giao thc c bit c m t trong ARINC. DATA-3 (ATN/OSI/X.25): Hon ton tun theo chun 8208 v ICAO SARPS i vi dch v d liu gi, hon chnh vi lp mng v chun ha giao din (v d nh chun ISO-8208 v chun X.25). Cc dch v thng tin da trn v tinh: o cung cp dch v u cui ti u cui cho ngi dng, cc cng ty vin thng lin kt vi cc nh cung cp dch v. o Mt v d ca dch v end-to-end cung cp l:
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Sky phone: l s kt hp ca Inmarsat + British Telecom ( LES in Goonhilly) + Singapore telecom + Norvegian Telecom + ARINC. AIRCOM/Satellite: Inmarsat + France Telecom (LES in Aussaguel) + Telecom Australia (LES in Australia) + Teleglobe Canada + SITA o Chc nng: thoi khng/t v lin kt d liu cung cp thng tin gia nhn vin trn my bay v h thng thng tin vi hot ng ca cc chuyn bay v cc dch v ATC. thng tin hnh khch (in thoi, fax, e-mail) c s dng bi 6000 my bay thng mi v 1500 cc loi my bay phn lc. SITA AIRCOM Flight Link da trn dch v Swift64 ca Inmarsat. Dch v GLOBALink: c cung cp bi cng ty ARINC Lin mch, h thng thng tin lin kt d liu t u cui n u cui. Nhn vin bung li/ATC v h thng my ch ca hng hng khng Bao gm 3 k thut kt hp v ring bit: + GLOBALink VHF + GLOBALink HF + GLOBALink Mode 2 + GLOBALink Satellite u im v nhc im ca AMSS o u im: Thng tin v tin c u im hn so vi thng tin v tuyn truyn thng ng truyn Inmarsat khngb nh hng bi khong cch hay tng in li. Dch v AMSS da trn Inmarsat c tin ch nh cc thit b ci t sn o Nhc im: Khu vc 2 cc khng c ph song
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Vn b s dng gii hn Chi ph cao cho vic u t v hot ng (c bit l trm trn khng). SATCOM: cc dch v Inmarsat sp ti MTSAT: theo yu cu ca Nht, tng thch vi Inmarsat 4, ch ph sng khu vc Thi Bnh Dng, c thit k thch ng vi cc dch v AMSS, tun theo ICAO AMSS SARPS. THURAYA: c 2 v tinh, ph sng 1/3 qu a cu, dng trong thng tin di ng, khng c dch v trong ngnh hng khng. IRIDIUM: ngng hot ng t nm 2000, c hng Boeing mua li, thng tin khng an ton cho hot ng bay. GLOBALSTAR: thit k n gin hn IRIDIUM, gi thnh thp hn . ICO: n ph tr cho Inmarsat (internet). SDLS: c quan v tr chu u(ATC and AOC).

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