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CHAPTER OVERVIEW
• The Measurement Process•Levels of Measurement•Reliability and Validity: Why They AreVery, Very Important•A Conceptual Definition of Reliability•Validity• The Relationship Between Reliabilityand Validity•A Closing (Very Important) Thought
 
 THE MEASUREMENT PROCESS
• Two definitions
–Stevens—”assignment of numerals toobjects or events according to rules.”–“…the assignment of values tooutcomes.”
•Chapter foci
–Levels of measurement–Reliability and validity
 
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
•Variables are measured at one of these fourlevels•Qualities of one level are characteristic of thenext level up• The more precise (higher) the level of measurement, the more accurate is themeasurement process
 Different fromRachael is tall and Gregory isshort
Nominal
Greater thanRachael is taller than Gregory
Ordinal
An inch is an inch is aninchRachael is 5” taller than Gregory
Interval
Absolute zeroRachael is 5’ 10” and Gregory is5’ 5”
Ratio
Quality of LevelFor exampleLevel of Measurement
of 00

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