-Ñ-Ø√- úø ’
Radhika:
Hi Rama, (are you) in a hurry?
ûÌçü¿-®Ω™ ÖØ√o¢√?
Rama:
You bet I am. I am on my way toclass. I'm afraid I shall be late. It'salready 7.50 and the class is at 8(O' clock)
éπ*aûª çí¬. (
you bet I am -
؈’ûÌçü¿-®Ω™ ÖØ√o-†E †’´¤y
bet
é¬ßª’-´îª’a. Åçõ‰éπ*aûª çí¬ ÅE éπü∆.)
class
èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o.
Late
Å´¤-û√-ØË¢Á ÷.
É°æ p-öÀ Íé 7.50 Å®·çC. é¬xÆæ ’ 8 éÀ)
Radhika:
Shall I see you in the eveningthen?
Å®·ûË E†’o ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓØ√?
Rama:
I'm afraid it's a bit early. Make itquarter past five. Past that will betoo late again.
ÅC éÌçîÁ ç ûÌçü¿®Ω Å´¤ûª’çüË¢Á ÷.
(Ééπ\úø
I'm afraid = I am afraid
Åçõ‰Ææ çüË-£æ …Eo ûÁ-©°æ-úø ç; üËØÁ joØ√
´’®√u-ü¿í¬ ™‰ü¿-†-úø ç.
eg:
I'm afraid it is not possible forme to give it =
ÅC É´y--™‰-ØË-¢Á ÷ –
É´y†’ ÅE ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ îÁ°æp-úø ç.)
5-15
èπ◊ ®√. (
Make it
¢√úø ’éπ í∫´’-Eçîª çúÕ.
5.15èπ◊ ´îË aô’dîª÷ú≈©E) Å-C ü∆-öÀ-ûË
´’SxÇ©Ææ u-´’-´¤-ûª’çC.
Radhika:
That suits me fine.
(Åçõ‰Ø√èπ◊
ok
ØËÅE)ÉC èπÿú≈
conversation
™ ¢√úø çúÕÉ°æ p-öÀ-´®Ωèπ◊ Ñ
lessons
™ ¢√úÕ†
dia-logues
ÅFo èπÿú≈ NNüµ¿ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x¢√úË
Spoken English forms.
OöÀE Éü¿l®Ω ’ ´·í∫’_®Ω’
éπLÆœáçûª
practise
îËÊÆh Åçûª¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-
©®Ω’. O’
conversation
Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ Çéπô’d-èπ◊çô’çC
°jÆæ 綵 «≠æù™E
time expressions
†’ í∫´’-Eçîª çúÕ.
7.50, 8 (O' clock), half past five,quarter past 5, past that.
ÉC-´®Ω-™ -ûÁ-©’Ææ’èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆: °∂晫Ø√ õ„ j çèπ◊
ÅE éπ*a-ûª çí¬ îÁ°æp-í∫-L-T-†-°æ¤púø ’
at
¢√úøû√ç.Æ洒ߪ’ç ´·çü¿’
At 3 pm, at 4.15 etc.English
™ ´÷´‚©’
conversation
™
AM, PM (AM = Ante Meridian, PM = PostMeridian)
ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ ¢√úø ç. ®√ÊÆ-ô°æ¤púø ’í¬F,
formal
í¬ v°æéπô† ÉîË aô°æ¤púø ’í¬F ¢√úøû√ç. ´’†ç
con-versation
îËÆæ’h†o°æ ¤púø ’ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥Eo•öÀ d§Òü¿’lØ√,
´’üµ ∆u-£æ«o´÷ ÅØËC ûÁ-©’-Ææ÷hØËÖçô’çC éπü∆.
Åçûªí¬ éπ*aûª çí¬ -ûÁ-©§ƒLq ´ÊÆh Å°æ ¤púø ’ èπÿú≈
inthe morning, in the evening etc
Åçö«ç.°æ ‹®Ωh-®·† í∫ çô-©èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’
O' clock
Åçö«ç.
O' clock = of the clock.
Éçü¿’™
f theomit
îË≤ƒhç 鬕öÀ d
O
°æéπ\†
apostrophe(')
°úøû√ç. N’í∫û√ Ææ´’-ߪ÷Eo ûÁLÊ° Nüµ ¿ç:
10.00 AM/ PM - 10 O' clock - Ten O' Clock10.40 AM/ PM - Ten forty04.20 - four twenty
äéπ í∫ çô™ 15´ EN’≠æ ç, 30´ EN’≠æç, 45´EN’≠æç È®çúø ’ Nüµ ∆-©’í¬ ûÁ©’-°æ ¤û√ç.
02.15 - Two fifteen/ Quarter past two(Quarter = 1/4 hour)02.30 - Two thirty/ Half past two02.45 - Two forty five/ Quarter to threeBritish English
™
Quarter past, half pastetc.,
áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. N’í∫û√ Ææ´’-ߪ÷©’
èπÿú≈ É™« îÁ°æp-´îª’a.
02.10- Ten minutes past two
(´÷´‚-©’í¬
Two ten),02.50- Ten (minutes) to three
(´÷´‚-©’í¬
Two fifty)
°j
expressions
™
past
Å®Ωn ç: 'ü∆öÀ— ÅE.
(Past - pronunciation =
§ƒÆˇ d)Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’
lessons
™ îª÷¨»ç, Ææ n™«Eo ü∆öÀ¢Á-∞¡}úø çèπÿú≈
past. He is past the building.
äéπ ´ßª’Ææ’ ü∆ôúø ç =
Past the age.Kapil Dev is past the age of playing cricket.cricket
Çú˴ߪ’Ææ ’ ü∆öÀ-§Ú-®·çC.
♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
Saikiran:
Hi Lakshman, where are youcoming from?
Lakshman:
(I am) returning from a party.
Saikiran:
Where?
Lakshman:
At the wine n' dine Hotel.
Saikiran:
Where is it?
Lakshman:
Don't you know? It's near thethe Krishna Studio.
Saikiran:
Anice place, isn't it? What aboutthe Shelton Hotel near theCharminar?
î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC éπü∆?
Charminar
ü¿í∫ _®Ω
Shelton Hotel
ᙫ Öçô’çC?
Laxman:
Don't know much about it. By theby I am leaving for Delhi tonight. Iam going to stop for two days atAgra to see my uncle
-ü∆-E í∫’-Jç* -Ø√èπ◊ Åçûªí¬ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’.
ÅC Ææ Í® é¬F, -Ñ-¢√-∞¡ ®√vA úµ ÕMx¢Á∞¡Ÿ-
ûª’Ø√o. ü∆J™ È®çvúÓV©’ Çví¬™ ´÷
uncle
ÉçöxÖçö«
Saikiran:
You will sure see the Taj, Won'tyou?
û√ñ¸´’-£æ«™¸ ûª°æ péπ îª÷≤ƒh´¤ í∫ü∆?
Laxman:
And also the RashtrapathiBhavan in New Delhi.
úµ ÕMx™ ®√≠æ Z°æA ¶µ º´Ø˛ èπÿú≈ îª÷≤ƒh.
°jÆæ 綵 «≠æù™
'The'
¢√úøéπç í∫´’-Eçîª çúÕ:
The Wine n' Dine Hotel, The Krishna Studio,The Charminar, The Taj, The RashtrapathiBhavan.
éÌçúøí∫’®Ω’h-©’í¬ îÁÊ°p v°æÆœü¿l ¥¶µ º´Ø√©
´·çü¿’, íÌ°æ p íÌ°æp
hotels
´·çü¿’, î√J-vûªéπ éπôd-ú≈©÷ ñ«c°æéπ *£æ …o-©
(monuments/ memorials)
´·çü¿’
The
¢√úøû√ç. Å®·ûË
Hotel
ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵 ºçÅßË ’u
Hotels
Ê°®Ωx´·çü¿’
The
®√ü¿’–
At theCenturian, at the Krishna Oberoi
Åçö«ç. é¬F
at the Hotel Sheraton
ņç.
At the SheratonHotel
éπÈ®é˙d.É°æ p-öÀ-´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†oC.
The
¢√úËÆæ çü¿-®√s¥©’.
1)
°∂ 晫Ø√ ÅE ûÁL-Æœ† ¢√öÀ´·çü¿’ ( à?
/ which
Å-ØË
questions
èπ◊
answer
´îË a îÓôx)
2)
´÷ö«x--úø ’èπ◊çô’†o ¢√∞¡x çü¿-JéÀûÁL-Æœ† N≠æ-ߪ÷©
´·çü¿’
3)
†ü¿’©’, Ææ®Ω-Ææ’q©’, Ææ´·-vü∆©’, ´’£æ … Ææ´·-vü∆©
Ê°®Ωx´·çü¿’
4)
°æ®Ωyûª°æ çèπ◊h©
(mountain ranges)
Ê°®Ωx´·çü¿’, (äÍé °æ®Ωyûª ç ´·çü¿’
The
®√ü¿’)
5)
Before the names of groups of islands
(D´¤© Ææ´‚-£æ …© Ê°®Ωx´·çü¿’)
but notbefore the name of a single island
(äÍéDy°æ ç Ê°®Ω ’ ´·çü¿’
The
®√ü¿’)
6)
Before 'of' phrases, if 'of' comes after aplural (plural form
ûª®√yûª
of phrases
´ÊÆh Ç
plural form
´·çü¿’
The
¢√-úø-û√ç).
7)
Before the names of famous buildings, ofhistorical buildings, of big hotels, of mon-uments, etc.
Pavithra:
Hi, Puneetha, did you see theprofessor?
v§Ò°∂-Ææ-®˝†’ îª÷¨»¢√?
Puneetha:
No, she left for the US yesterday.No idea when she will be back.On her way back she is going tospend a week in the UK. She willreturn home by the UAE.
Pavithra:
I think she is the first in herdepartment to be invited to somany countries.
°jÆæ 綵 «≠æù™:
The Professor, The US,The UK, The UAE.
Åçõ‰ -v°æ-üË-¨»-©’, £æ «Ùü∆-©’
(designations),
°æü¿-´¤© ´·çü¿’
'The'
´Ææ’hçC.
The District Collector, The Prime Minister ofIndia, etc.
(a)
The PrimeMinister of India,Mr ManmohanSingh
(b)
Mr ManmohanSingh, PrimeMinister of India.
Ê°®Ω’ ´·çü¿’ £æ «Ùü∆,°æü¿N ´ÊÆh -Ç £æ «Ùü∆/
-°æ-ü¿N ´·çü¿’
'The'
´Ææ ’hçC
(a)
™-´™„. ´·çü¿’ ´uéÀ h Ê°®Ω÷, ûª®√yûª
£æ «Ùü∆/ -°æ-ü¿N´ÊÆh ü∆E´·çü¿’
'The'
®√ü¿’
(b)
™--´™„. ÉC î√™« ´·êuç. ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ £æ «Ùü∆, °æü¿N
(designation, office -office
Åçõ‰ Ééπ\-úø鬮√u-©ßª’ç é¬ü¿’, °æü¿N -Å-E Å®Ωn ç) ´·çü¿’
The
¢√úø-û√®Ω ’.
éÌEo ®√≥ƒZ© éπ©®·éπûÓ à®Ω púøfü˨»© ´·çü¿’
èπÿú≈ '
the'
¢√úøû√ç. îª÷¨»-®Ω ’-éπü∆:
The US (TheUnited states of America -
ÉC éÌEo ®√≥ƒZ©éπ©®·éπ),
the UK (The United Kingdom -England, Scotland, Wales and NorthernIreland
éπLÆœ à®Ω púø fÆæ´÷êu),
The UAE (TheUnited Arab Emirates -
´’†ç ´÷´‚©’í¬
Gulf countries
ÅF,
Dubai
ÅF,
Abudabhi,Sharja
ÅE Åçô’çö«ç). ¶µ «®Ωûªü˨¡ç™ èπÿú≈®√≥ƒZ™‰éπü∆, ´’J
The India
ņç. ´’†ç äÍéü˨¡çí¬ Ö†o ü∆Eo ®√≥ƒZ-©’í¬ N¶µ º>çî√ç. ÅüË
The US, The UK
N≠æ-ߪ÷™x, Çߪ÷ ®√≥ƒZ©÷,
v°æüË-¨»©÷ äÍé ü˨¡çí¬ à®Ω p-ú≈f®·.
India
N≠æߪ’ç™èπÿú≈,
Indian Union
ÅE ´u´£æ «Jç*†-°æ ¤púø ’
TheIndian Union
Åçö«ç.
Prabhat:
What movie did you go to,Yesterday?
Prakash:
The Ten Commandments. An Oldone
Prabhat:
Isn’t it an episode from the Bible?
ÅC
Bible
™E
Episode
éπü∆
Prakash:
Yes. From the old testament in theBible.Bible
™E
old testament
™-EC
Prabhat:
Just as Maya Bazar is an episodefrom the Mahabharatam
´’£æ …¶µ «®Ωûª ç™-E ã ¶µ «í¬Eo ´÷ߪ÷
•-ñ«®˝ ÆœE´÷ --BÆœ-†-ô’x
Prakash:
But I Doubt if Maya Bazar is fromthe Original Mahabharatam
Å®·ûË´’£æ …¶µ «®Ωûªç ´‚©ç™ ´÷-ߪ÷-
•-ñ«®˝ -Öçü∆ -Å-E -Ø√ -Å-†’-´÷-†ç.
îª÷¨»-®Ω’-éπü∆, íÌ°æ p íÌ°æ p ví∫ çü∑ ∆©, °æNvûª
ví∫ çü∑ ∆© Ê°®Ωx´·çü¿’
'the'
ûª°æ péπ ¢√úø-û√®Ω ’.
This is the Telugu translation of the koran.
ÉC èπ◊®√Ø˛ ûÁ©’í∫’ ņ’-¢√ü¿ç.Å™«Íí
the Grandhsahib etc.
Å®·ûË®Ωîª-®·-
ûª© Ê°®Ω x ûª®√yûªví∫çü∑ ∆© Ê°®Ω ’xîÁ°œûË
'the'
®√ü¿’.
Valmiki's Ramayanam, Vyasa's Mahabharatam etc.
Practise the following aloud in English.Karuna:
Hi Kranthi,
É¢√-RdÑØ√úø ’ îª÷¨»¢√?
E®Ω’-üÓu-í∫ ’-©èπ◊ ´·êu-´’çvA éÌûª h °æü∑¿-é¬Eo
v°æéπöÀ çî√®Ω’.
Kranthi:
àçö« °æü∑ ¿éπç?
Karuna:
22†’ç* 32´’üµ¿u ´ßª’-Ææ’\-©ç-ü¿-JéÀE®Ω’-üÓuí∫-¶µ º%A É≤ƒh®Ω ’
(éπLpûª ç – ÉC Íé-´©ç -Ö-ü∆£æ «®Ω-ùÍé)
Kranthi:
Å™«í¬? Å¢Á’-Jé¬
(US)
™,
Britain(UK)
™ Ñ °æü∑ ¿éπç î√-™«é¬©çí¬
Å´’™xÖçC éπü∆?
Karuna:
Å´¤†’. ´’†-¢√∞¡Ÿxî√™«´’çC Ééπ\úøÖüÓu-í¬´é¬¨»©’ ™‰éπ
UAE, US, UK
©èπ◊¢ÁRx§Úûª’-Ø√o®Ω ’. ¶µ «®Ωûª®√-≠æ Z°æ-A -Å-•’l-™¸
éπ™«ç Ñ ¢Ë ’üµ ∆-N´©Ææ
(brain drain)
í∫’-Jç* ¢Á ·†o ã Ö°æ-¢√u-Ææ ç™ -î√-™«
ÇçüÓ∞¡† ´uéπh-°æ-J-î√®Ω’ éπü∆.
Kranthi:
´÷ ņoߪ’u èπÿú≈
Maldives
™
Lecturer Post
èπ◊
Apply
î˨»úø ’. ´ÊÆh¢ÁRx-§Ú-û√úø ’. Ç
Job
´ÊÆh £œ«´÷-©ßª÷©’áéÀ \-†çûªÆæ çûÓ≠æ ç Åçô’-Ø√oúø ’.
Answer:Karuna:
Did you see/ go through theEenadu Today ? The Chief Ministerhas announced a new scheme forthe benefit of the unemployed peo-ple.
Kranthi:
What's (What is) the scheme?
Karuna:
All the unemployed personsbetween the age of 22 and 32 willget unemployment allowance
Kranthi:
Is it so? This has been in force inthe US and the UK
(
in force -
Å´’™x)
Karuna:
Yes. Agood number of our peopleare leaving for the UAE, the USand the UK. All because of thereare no employment opportunities.The President of India, Mr AbdulKalam expressed concern over thisbrain drain in his speech the daybefore yesterday.
Kranthi:
My brother too has applied for alecturer’s job in the maldives. If hegets it he will go. He says getting a job will make him as happy as if hehad climbed up the Himalayas.
-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 25 - ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω ’ 2005
I
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