-Ñ-Ø√- úø ’
-≤Ú´’- ¢√®Ωç 31 --ÅéÓd•®Ω ’ 2005
I
Pooja:
Hi Raasi, what a surprise! you, here!
àçöÀ®√Q, †’-Ny-éπ\úø! àçöÃNçûª?
Raasi:
I am on my way to the spoken EnglishInstitution near here. You know it. The4th building from your place.
Ééπ\úøü¿í∫ _®Óx
spoken English Institution
èπ◊¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o†’. Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’í¬. O’ ÉçöÀ-†’ç*
Ø√-©’íÓ
building.(I am on my way to –
؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o†’.
On the way –
ü∆J™)
Pooja:
Come, Raasi, you go there everyday,and you can't find the time to drop in atmy place.
®ÓW Åéπ\úÕ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o´¤, ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ®√´ú≈EéÀ
´÷vûª ç -BJéπ îËÆæ’éÓ™‰éπ§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆!
Raasi:
I joined there only a week ago. I hadbeen thinking of seeing you and we met.Can you do me a favour?
؈-éπ\úøîËJ ¢√®Ω-¢Ë ’ -Å-®·çC. O’ ÉçöÀéÀ
®√¢√-©†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o†’, ´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ã
*†o ≤ƒ-ߪ’ç îËÆœ-°ôd-í∫-©¢√ Ø√èπ◊?
(
Do a favour –
≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-úø ç)
Pooja:
Doing you a favour! That will be a realpleasure for me. What's it?
Fèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-úø ç Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ Ææ çûÓ≠æ¢Ë’.
àçöÀ îÁ°æ ¤p.
Raasi:
Can you let me spend the lunch break inyour home? We have two sessions witha break of an hour in between.I can neither go home nor stay at theinstitution.
؈’
lunch break
O’ Éçöxí∫úø§Òî√a.´÷èπ◊
classes
´’üµ ¿u™ ã í∫ çô
break
Öçô’çC. ÉçöÀéâÁ∞¡x†÷ ™‰†’, Åçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-éπ\úø
Öçúø-†÷ ™‰†’.
Pooja:
You can, by all means. Only I can't bethere at the time. I am sorry I can't giveyou company. I go for my dance classesat the time. Don't worry. You can havemy sister Pallavi's company.
ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈, Å®·ûË, Ç
time
™ Ø√éÀçöxÖçúø-úø ç èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’. Fèπ◊
company
É´y-™‰†’.ÅüË
time
™ ؈’
dance
é¬xÆæ’-©Èé-∞«h†’.°∂ æ®Ω-¢√-
™‰-ü¿’™‰. ´÷ îÁLx°æ©xN Fèπ◊ ûÓúø ’çúø-í∫-©ü¿’.
F鬢Á’
company
Öçô’çC.(
By all means –
ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈, ÅEoNüµ ∆™«)
Raasi:
Thank you.
°jÆæ 綵 «≠æù™ í∫´’-EçîËÖçö«®Ω ’,
can
ûÓ ´îË a
verbs
Ö°æ-ßÁ ÷í∫ ç. Éçûª-´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†çîª÷-Æœ-†¢Ëéπü∆.
1.
You can't (cannot) find the time
F´¤ BJ-éπ -îËÆæ’éÓ™‰èπ◊çú≈ -Ö-Ø√o-´¤.
(ability)
2.
Can you do me a favour?
ã ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©¢√?
(Can - request)
3.
Can you let me spend...
O’ Éçöx؈’çúøØ√?
(Permission/ request)
4.
I can neither go home...
ØËEçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x†÷ ™‰†’, Öçúø†÷ ™‰†’
(ability)
5.
You can, by all means–
†’´¤yçúÌa, ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈
(can – permission/ request
)
6.
I can't (cannot) give –
É´y-™‰†’.
(ability)
7.
You can have–
Öçô’çC.
Possibility–
Ŵ鬨¡ç.É´Foèπÿú≈ É°æ p-öÀ-´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ-©’Ææ’èπ◊†o
'can'
Ö°æ-ßÁ ÷-í¬©’.
Now Practise the following aloud in English.(Use all that you have learnt so far)a) Bhavani:
Í®°æ ¤ Ø√
birthday.
O’J-ü¿l®Ω÷ ûª°æ péπ
´≤ƒh®Ω’ éπü∆?
Sucharitha:
O’ Éçöx á°æ¤púø’çúø´’ç-ö«´¤´’´’tLo?
Chandra:
Cake
á°æ ¤púø ’ éÓ≤ƒh´¤?
Bhavani:
Correct
í¬ ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç 5.30éÀ.
Sucharitha:
àç °∂ æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’,. âCç-öÀ Íé ؈-éπ\úø
Öçö«.
Chandra:
Ø√èπ◊ Í®°æ ¤ 5 ´®Ωèπ◊
class
ÖçC. 5.30éÀØË®√-™‰†’. äéπ Å®Ω-í∫ çô
late
í¬ ´≤ƒh.
Bhavani:
ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈®√.
b) Prakash:
Sekhar
†’ í∫’Jç* F ÅGµv§ƒßª’çàN’öÀ?
Vinai:
áçü¿’-éπúø ’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?
Prakash:
Åûª†’ ´’ç*
player
Å®·ûË´’†
team
™éÀBÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆-´’E.
Vinai:
Åûª†’ î√™« ¶«í¬Çúø-í∫-©úø ’. E©éπúøí¬
Concentration
ûÓ -Çúø-û√úø ’.
Prakash:
Å®·ûË ´’†çÅûªEo BÆæ ’éӴa éπü∆.
Vinai:
Å®·ûËØË-†’ Åûª-EéÃ
N≠æߪ’ç îÁ-°æ pØ√? ´’†
match
á°æ púø ’ éπÈ®-é˙dí¬?
Prakash:
Fèπ◊ ûÁMü∆. ´îË a
Sunday
ØËéπü∆?Å´ûªL
team
™ î√-™«´’ç*
players
ÖØ√o®Ω’. ¢√∞¡x çü¿®Ω’ ¶«í¬ Çúø-í∫--L-T† ¢√∞Ïx.
Vinai:
Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ ¢√∞¡xûÓ È®çúø ’
matches
Çú≈ç. äéπöÀ´’†ç, ÉçéÓöÀ ¢√∞¡⁄xÈíL-î√®Ω’.
c) Manoj:
üË-E í∫ ’-Jç* îªJaÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω ’ O’®Ω’?
Rajeev:
®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ´’†èπ◊ Ææ£æ …ߪ’°æúø-í∫-©ú≈, ™‰-ú≈ ÅE.
(Whether
-ûÓ
begin
îËߪ’çúÕ)
Manoj:
àçôÆæ©’ N≠æߪ’ç?
Raghav:
£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛™
Cricket Match
éÀ
tickets
鬢√L ´÷èπ◊. ®Ω¢Ë ’-≠ˇèπ◊
cricket board
™Éü¿l®Ω’ ´·í∫’_®Ω’ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçü¿’-éπE Åûª-ØË-
´’Ø√o ûÁ°œ pçîª-í∫-©úË-¢Á ÷-†E.
Manoj:
¢√úø ’ îËߪ’-í∫-©úø ’ é¬F îËߪ’úø ’. Åûª-ØÁ°æ¤púø ÷
á´JéÀ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’úø’. Ø√éÀ çûª-´®Ωèπÿ à
Ææ£æ …ߪ’ç èπÿú≈ îËߪ’-™‰-ü¿-ûª†’.
Rajeev:
ÉC î√™« E®√---¨¡ éπL-TçîË-N≠æ-ߪ’ç.
Raghav:
àç
worry
Å´èπ◊. -ØË-†’ ûÁ°œ pçîª-í∫-©†’-™‰
ᙫíÓ äéπ™«.
d) Nagaraj:
†’Ny-°æ p-öÀ Íé Ø√
time
î√™«
waste
î˨»´¤ ††’o ¢Á∞¡}F.
Prahlad:
´’S} ØËØÁ-°æ ¤púø ’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ†’. E†’o?
Nagaraj:
Í®°æ ¤ à
time
™-ØÁ j-Ø√.
Prahlad:
Í®°æ ¤ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ™‰†’. Ø√èπ◊
exam
ÖçC. ÇN≠æߪ’ç Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆.
Nagaraj:
á©’x çúÕ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ®√í∫-©¢√?
Prahlad:
ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈.
I can't give..
-Ççí∫ x-¶µ «- ≠æ-ù
63
Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «-≠æ-ù
M. SURESAN
- v °æ-¨¡ o:
''Ç <®Ω î√™« ¶«í∫ ’çC éπü∆?—— ÅØË ¢√é¬uEo O’®Ω’ ÉçTx≠ˇ ™
''Isn't that sari nice/ beautiful"?
ÅØ√o®Ω’. ûÁ ©’í∫ ’¢√éπuç™ ØÁí∫ -öÀ¢˛ÂÆØ˛q
™‰ ü¿’ é¬E ÉçTx-≠ˇ ´îË aÆæJéÀ ØÁ í∫ -öÀ -¢˛ÂÆØ˛q™ ÖçC. Ç ûÁ ©’í∫’ ¢√é¬uEo
''Is that sari nice/ beautiful?"
ņ-èπÿúø ü∆?
– -Ê≠é˙ -†-@®Ω ’-Fo≤ƒ, -Å-´’%-ûª-©÷®Ω ’
- ï- ¢√- •’:
Avery good question.
ûÁ©’-í∫’™
negative sense
ûÁ-LÊ°´÷ô ™‰èπ◊†o-°æ p-öÀéÃ, 'éπü∆— ÅØË´÷ô™
negative tone
´Ææ ’hçCéπü∆.
Is that sari beautiful
Åçõ‰Å®Ωn-¢Ë ’-N’öÀ? Ç <®Ω
¶«í∫ ’çü∆? ÅE éπü∆. 'Ç <®Ω ¶«í∫ ’çü∆?— ņ-ú≈EéÀ, 'Ç <®Ω
¶«í∫ ’çC éπü∆?— ņ-ú≈EéÀûËú≈
English
™ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰,
'Isn'tthat sari beautiful?'
ÅE-é¬F,
'That sari is beautiful, isn'tit?'
ÅE-é¬F Åçõ‰ûª°æ p, ûÁ©’-í∫’-™E ¶«í∫ ’çC éπü∆? ÅØËÅ®Ωn ç
®√ü¿’. í∫´’-Eçîª çúÕ.
- v °æ-¨¡ o:
Ñ -´‚-úø ’ -¢√é¬u-©èπ◊
English Translation
îÁ °æ pí∫-©®Ω’.
1. ؈’ Í®°æ ¤ áéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á ∞«h-†E O’®Ω’ ņ’-éÌçô’-Ø√o®Ω’?
2. Ç¢Á ’ Ø√ í∫ ’Jç* à´’†’éÌçöçü¿E O’®Ω’ ņ’-éÌçô’-Ø√o®Ω ’?
3. Åûª †’ ††’o NÆæ ’-èπ◊\çô’-Ø√oúø’.
– -vQE-¢√Æˇ , -A®Ω ’°æ-A
- ï- ¢√- •’:
1.
Where, do you think, I am going/ I will go tomorrow?
2.
What do you think she thinks of me?
3.
He feels vexed with me.
- v °æ-¨¡ o:
1. véÀ Èé-ö¸™
Man of the match
ÉîË aô°æ¤púø’
''to be given''
ÅEÅçö«®Ω ’. Å™«Íí °R} é¬®Ω’f-©™
''to be solemnised by (some body)''
ÅE ®√≤ƒh®Ω’. Ø√ ÆæçüË £æ«ç–
to be
•ü¿’©’
will be
ÅE¢√úÌîª ’a éπü∆!
To be + PP
á°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úø -û√®Ω’?
2.
''I could have found the way all right''.
Ñ ¢√éπuç Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ ? ÉC à õ„ Ø˛q™ ÖçC?
– -áÆˇ.--ñ-≠œ , -äçíÓ-©’
- ï- ¢√- •’:
Tobe given, to be seen
™«çöÀN
passive infinitives.1) To be given
Åçõ‰É´y-•-úø-ôç/ -É´y-•-úø-ö«EéÀ/ É´y-•-úË çü¿’èπ◊–
´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫ ’™ Å®·ûËÉ´y-úø ç, É´y--ú≈EéÀ, ÉîË açü¿’èπ◊ Åçö«ç
éπü∆.
Man of the match award to be given to
Åçõ‰
Man of thematch
°æ ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\®Ω ç
x
îËûª
y
éÀÉ´y-•-úø-¶-ûª’çC ÅØËÅ®Ω n ç ´Ææ’hçC;
´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™
x, y
éÀÉ´y-†’-Ø√o-®ΩE Å®Ω nç ´Ææ’hçC.
Will begiven
ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a. Å®·ûË¢√úø ’-éπ™
Man of the matchaward to be given
áèπ◊\´.
(wedding) to be solemnized by x
ņ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. Ééπ\úøèπÿú≈ °æNvûª
鬮Ωuç E®Ωy-£œ «ç°æ-•-úø-¶-ûª’-†oC
(by somebody),
Åçõ‰--´÷´‚©’ûÁ©’-í∫’™
somebody (x), to solemnize the wedding
(Ñ °æNvûªé¬®√uEo E®Ωy-£œ «çîª-†’-Ø√o®Ω ’ ÅE).
Tobe solemnized correct
í¬Å®·ûË
is to be solemnized
ÅE ÅØ√L.
is, omit
îËÆœ
to be sol-emnized
ÅØËC ¢√úø’éπ.
Will be solemnized
ÅE èπÿú≈Å-†´îª’a ¢√éπu E®√t-ù«Eo •öÀ d.
b) To be + past participle
´·êuçí¬
passive construction. He isto do it (active) - It is to be done by him.
(îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆
- to be done - to be + pp)I am to take them home (active) - They are to be taken (tobe + pp) home by me.2) I could have found the way all right -
؈’ ü∆J ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓí∫-LÍí
¢√úÕØË(é¬E, ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ™‰ü¿’)
- Past tense.
- v °æ-¨¡ o:
Parts of speech
™
Preposition
†’ áéπ\úø ᙫ ¢√ú≈™,
The
†’ èπÿú≈ áéπ\úø ¢√ú≈™ ûÁL-ߪ ’-ñ‰ -ߪ ’çúÕ. OöÀ ûÓ§ƒô’
Tenses,direct & indirect speech
í∫’-Jç* -N´Jçîª í∫ -©®Ω’.
– -öÀ.Ææç-ûÓ-≠ˇπ ◊-´÷®˝, -ߪ ÷®√-úø
- ï-¢√-•’:
Parts of speech
™
prepositions
†’ í∫’-Jç*
lessons
™N´JÆæ’h-Ø√oç. Å™«Íí
tenses
í∫’Jç* -Éçûª-èπ◊´·çü¿’ N´
Jçî√ç, Å®·ûË
tenses
Ê°®Ω’xîÁ°æ p-èπ◊çú≈.
English
¶«í¬´÷ö«x-úË çü¿’èπ◊
tenses +
Ê°®Ω ’xûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¢√-Lq† Å´Ææ-®Ω癉ü¿’.
verb form
´·êuç– ÅC N´Jçî√ç. §ƒûª
papers
îª÷úøçúÕ.
-v °æ-¨¡ o:
I saw a devil, I happend to see a devil –
Ñ È®çúÕçöÀéÀ ûÁ ©’í∫’
Å®Ωnç, ü¿ßª ÷uEo îª ÷¨»†’. é¬E
verbs
™ Ç ´÷®Ω’p áçü¿’èπ◊ ´*açC.
Model auxiliary verbs
°æéπ\†
have been
´ÊÆh ûÁ ©’í∫ ’ Å®Ωnç
à´’E ´Ææ ’hçC?Å™«Íí
could be
E áEo ®Ω鬩 Å®√n-©’ ´îË aôô’x
Ö°æ-ßÁ ÷-Tçîª -´îª ’a. ü¿ßª ’-îË ÆœûÁ ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
– XE-¢√Ææ-®√´¤, ´÷®Ω ÷d®Ω ’
-ï-¢√- •’:
I saw a devil-
؈’
devil
†’ îª÷¨»†’/
devil
éπ†-•-úÕ çC.
I happend to see a devil-
؈’
devil
†’ îª÷úøôç ûªôÆœ n ç
*çC/
devil
Ø√èπ◊ éπ†-°æ-úøôç ûªôÆœ n ç*çC.
I happened to -
ņ’-éÓèπ◊çú≈/ áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-úøE Ææ ç°∂ æ’-ô††’ í∫’-Jç* É™« îÁ§ƒhç.
I bought it in that shop –
؈C Ç
shop
™ éÌØ√o†’.
I happened to buy it in that shop –
؈C Ç
shop
™é̆ôç ïJ-TçC (Ç
shop
-™ éÌçö«†E ņ’-éÓ™‰ü¿’ é¬F
Åéπ\úËéÌØ√o†’).
-v °æ-¨¡ o:
àéπé¬©ç™ ï®Ω’-í∫ ’-ûª ’†o È®çúø ’ îª ®Ωu-©†’ É™« îÁ §Òpî√a?
He is think- ing by walking
(-†-úø ’Ææ ÷h -Ç™-*Ææ ’h-Ø√- o-úø ’).
Gita is singing by working (
§ƒúø ’ûª ÷ °æE-îË -Ææ ’-èπ◊ç-öçC).
– §Úûª ’© XE-¢√Ææ ’, ¢Ë í¬-ߪ ’´’tÊ°ô, ûª ÷.íÓ.>™«x.
-ï-¢√- •’:
O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ† È®çúø ÷ ÆæÈ®j-†-N 鬴¤.
Ist sentence:
D-E-™ È®çúø ÷
àéπ鬩 îª®Ω u--©’– É°æ ¤púø ’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-†o-´†’éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púø ’
(isthinking correct
é¬ü¿’).
He thinks as he is walking/ Hethinks and is walking at the same time,
ņ-´îª’a. Å®·ûËÑ È®çúø ’ èπÿú≈ é¬Ææ h ᶄ sô’dí¬ éπEp-Ææ ’hØ√o®· 鬕öÀ d,
Hethinks as he walks
ņ-úø ç
better.
äéÓ\-≤ƒ-J
I/ II regulardoing word
†’ É°æ p¤úø ’ ïJÍí °æ†’-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç 鬕öÀd.
He thinks as he walks
ÅØË
sentence
èπ◊ ¢√-úÁ°æ ¤p-úø ÷ îËÊÆ
°æE ÅC (¢√-úÁ°æ¤p-úø ÷ †úø ’Ææ÷h Ç™-*≤ƒhúø ’/ Ç™-*çîË---ô°æ ¤p-úø ’
†úø ’-≤ƒhúø ’) ÅØË Å®Ωn ç èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC.
2nd sentence: Gita is singing and working at the sametime
Åçõ‰ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC éπü∆ (Ç¢Á’ Ç °æ†’©’ îËÆæ’h-†oC É°æ ¤p-
úø-®·ûË). Ç¢Á’ °æE îËÊÆ--ô°æ ¤p-úø çû√ §ƒúø ’-ûª’çC ÅØ√-©†’-èπ◊çõ‰
Gita sings as/while she works
ņ-´îª’a éπü∆.
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