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DATA WAREHOUSING
Authors:
 HARISH GUPTA.GOPU,03761A1216
 ,
Information Technology,LAKIREDDY BALIREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,MYLAVARAM.Email
: harishgupt@gmail.com
Contact: 9346963676.
&
K.H.S.CHAITANYA,03761A1215, Information Technology,LAKIREDDY BALIREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,MYLAVARAM.Email:
khs_chaithanya@yahoo.com
Contact: 0866-2415584
Under the esteemed guidance of:
J.RAMESH REDDY,SYSTEM ANALYST,SAPIENT INTERNATIONAL,BANGALORE.
 
Data Warehousing Technology
 
Abstract:
 
If there is a single key to survival in the 1990s and beyond, it is being able to analyze, plan and react to changing business conditions in a muchmore rapid fashion. To do this, top managers, analysts and knowledge workers inour enterprises need more and better information.Information technology itself has made possible revolutions in the way thatorganizations today operate throughout the world. But the sad truth is that inmany organizations despite the availability of more and more powerful computerson everyone's desks and communication networks that span the globe, largenumbers of executives and decision makers can't get their hands on criticalinformation that already exists in the organization.Every day organizations large and small create billions of bytes of data about allaspects of their business, millions of individual facts about their customers, products, operations and people. But for the most part, this data is locked up in amyriad of computer systems and is exceedingly difficult to get at. This phenomenon has been described as"data in jail".Experts have estimated that only a small fraction of the data that is captured, processed and stored in the enterprise is actually available to executives anddecision makers. While technologies for the manipulation and presentation of datahave literally exploded, it is only recently that those involved in developing ITstrategies for large enterprises have concluded that large segments of theenterprise are"data poor."
Data Warehousing – Providing Data Access to theEnterprise:
Recently, a set of significant new concepts and tools have evolvedinto a new technology that makes it possible to attack the problem of providing allthe key people in the enterprise with access to whatever level of informationneeded for the enterprise to survive and prosper in an increasingly competitiveworld.The term that has come to characterize this new technology is“datawarehousing.”Data Warehousing has grown out of the repeated attempts on the part of various researchers and organizations to provide their organizationsflexible, effective and efficient means of getting at the sets of data that have cometo represent one of the organization’s most critical and valuable assets.
 
Data Warehousing is a field that has grown out of the integration of a number of different technologies and experiences over the last two decades. Theseexperiences have allowed the IT industry to identify the key problems that have to be solved.
•
Operational vs. Informational Systems:
Perhaps the most important concept that has come out of the DataWarehouse movement is the recognition that there are two fundamentally differenttypes of information systems in all organizations: operational systems andinformational systems."Operational systems"are just what their name implies; they are the systems thathelp us run the enterprise operation day-to-day. These are the backbone systemsof any enterprise, our "order entry', "inventory", "manufacturing", "payroll" and"accounting" systems.Because of their importance to the organization,operational systems were almost always the first parts of the enterprise to becomputerized. Over the years, these operational systems have been extended andrewritten, enhanced and maintained to the point that they are completelyintegrated into the organization. Indeed, most large organizations around theworld today couldn't operate without their operational systems and the data thatthese systems maintain.On the other hand, there are other functions that go on within the enterprise thathave to do with planning, forecasting and managing the organization. Thesefunctions are also critical to the survival of the organization, especially in our current fast-paced world. Functions like"marketing planning", "engineering planning" and "financial analysis"also require information systems to supportthem. But these functions are different from operational ones, and the types of systems and information required are also different. The knowledge-basedfunctions are informational systems."Informational systems"have to do with analyzing data and making decisions,often major decisions, about how the enterprise will operate, now and in thefuture. And not only do informational systems have a different focus fromoperational ones; they often have a different scope. Where operational data needsare normally focused upon a single area, informational data needs often span anumber of different areas and need large amounts of related operational data.In the last few years, Data Warehousing has grown rapidly from a set of relatedideas into architecture for data delivery, enterprise end-user computing.
Understanding the Framework of the Data Warehouse:
One of the reasons that data warehousing has taken such a long time todevelop is that it is actually a very comprehensive technology. In fact, datawarehousing can be best represented as an enterprise-wide framework for managing informational data within the organization. In order to understand howall the components involved in a data warehousing strategy are related, it isessential to have a Data-Warehouse Architecture.
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Data Warehouse Architecture:
AData Warehouse Architecture (DWA)is a way of representingthe overall structure of data, communication, processing and presentation thatexists for end-user computing within the enterprise. The architecture is made upof a number of interconnected parts:
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Operational Database / External Database Layer 
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Information Access Layer 
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Data Access Layer 
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Data Directory (Metadata) Layer 
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