Culvertconstructiondetails

Slopeoffill;shouldbequitegentle,1.5oreven2:1(runoverrise).Ithelpswithstabilityanderosion. Wherethefillisquitehighitisusuallysufficienttohaverockprotectionjustoverthetopoftheculvert.. Therestoftheslopecanbesoilwithvegetationprotection(cuttings,branchwork,etc) Inletandoutletchannelbottom;theculvertconcentratesthestreamflowintoasmallercrosssection area,sothewaterflowwillbemuchfasterthanintheundisturbedchannel.Thatmeansthewaterhas highererosivepowersandwillcutatteinletandoutlet,undercuttingtheculvertandfill.Toprevent that,rocksofadequatesizeshouldbeplacedatthechannelbottomatbothendsunderneaththe culvertasshowninthefigurebelow,andithastoextendsomedistance. Rocksizeorweightincreaseswithlargerculverts.Theweightsshownbelowapplyforculvertdiameters uptoabout75cmdiameter. ENERGYDISSIPATORS Drainagestructureoutfallsshallnotterminatedirectlyonunprotectedsoilthatwillerode.Downspouts, flumes,andenergydissipatersshallbeinstalledtopreventerosion

Exampleofaculvertoutletprotectiontopreventerosionofoutflowingwater Alsotheentranceandoutletshouldprovideforagradualwideningfromtheculvertdiameterto eventuallythestreambed.Thisneedstobeprotectedwithrocks/bouldersneartheoutletandcanthen begraduallyreduced.Werefertothemaswingwalls

The culvert could be set a bit deeper (here, possibly10-20 cm) into teh ground so some gravel and soil will fill the bottom and form a natural bed

size of rock that would be appropriate to secure the channel bottom at the inlet and outlet of the culvert