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Empino, Romir Gian O.ITETHICS
Egoism and Moral Scepticism:
 James Rachels
Review Questions:1.Explain the legend of Gyges. What questions about morality are raised by thestory?–
The legend of Gyges is a story were in a shepherd had found a magic ringin a fissure opened by and earthquake. It will make the bearer invisible so,upon knowing its powers, he plan to pass a Royal Palace to seduce thequeen in order for him to kill the king and seized the throne. The mainquestion raised by this legend is it moral to use a extraordinary power for the good of the greed?
2.Distinguish between psychological and ethical egoism.
 –Psychological egoism is the belief of men that doing an action will benefit his interest while ethical egoism is also the same with psychologicalegoism but there is a breach on other people’s interests.
3.Rachels discusses two arguments for psychological egoism. What are thesearguments, and how does he reply to them?–
The first argument is that the people can do things based on their own perspective and the second one: actions are being done for the sake of others. These arguments are all about actions of a person. He replies tothese arguments through citing instances regarding on the argumentsmentioned earlier.
4.What three commonplace confusions does Rachels detect in the thesis of psychological egoism?–
The three commonplace confusions are a). selfishness with self-interests,b). assumption that every action is done either from self-interest and c). the common but false assumptiuon that a concern for one’s ownwelfare is incompatible with others.
5.State the argument for saying that ethical egoism is inconsistent. Whydoesn’t Rachels accept this argument?
 –“Therefore, the argument goes, there is no way to maintain the doctrineof ethical egoism as a consistent view…..”. Rachels we must put our minds in a certain kind of world for the others wherein that world is a place for us to maximize our interests regarding of other people’sinterests.
6.According to Rachels, why shouldn’t we hurt others, and why should we helpothers? How can the egoist reply?
 –According to Rachels, we shouldn’t hurt others because they will be hurt and we should help others because they will benefiting on our help.Because an egoist does not care on others value, they will react negativeabout it.
Discussion Questions
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