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Empino, Romri Gian O. ITETHICS
The Debate over Utilitarianism:
James Rachels
Review Questions1.Rachels says that classical utilitarianism can be summed up in threepropositions. What are they?
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Actions are judged right or wrong solely in virtue of their consequences
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In assessing consequences, the only thing that matters is the amountof happiness or unhappiness that caused.
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In calculating happiness or unhappiness that will be caused , no one’shappiness is to be counted as more important than anyone else.2.Explain the problem with hedonism. How do defenders of utilitarianismrespond to this problem?–Hedonism is the belief of a something that if it is good then it will becalled, happiness but it misunderstands the meaning of happinessbecause happiness does not circle only on things that are good rather itthere are instances that are bad that makes a person happy. Defenders of utilitarianism suggest that in order to over ride Hedonism, we must utilizeor maximize our resources and other good things in order for us to behappy.3.What are the objections about justice, rights and promises?–The objection for justice is a fair judgment, is not imposed or observed allthe time. Rights are not valued especially to racisms on a community,promises are tend to be broken in promising a fair judgment, and rightsare valued.4.Distinguish between rule- and act- utilitarianism. How does rule- utilitarianismreply to the objections?–Rule Utilitarianism are actions conform in to the rules that will lead togreater good while Act Utilitarianism states that the right action is onethat will give happiness to a person. They insist that achieving happiness can be done through doing the rightaction on others or ourselves.5.What is the third line of defense?–The third line of defense is Act-Utilitarianism.Discussion Questions1.Smart’s defense of utilitarianism is to reject common moral beliefs when theyconflict with utilitarianism. Is this acceptable to you or not? Explain youranswer.–No, because morality supports our main entity as human being that knowshow to be moral for ourselves and to others.
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| Upload Date: | 02/05/2009 |
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