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First Class Lever Lab
SPH4U0 -C
February 4
th
, 2009Michael Mohamed
Introduction:
A fulcrum is a structure on which a lever can be placed as a meansof balancing out forces; in a First Class Lever the fulcrum is set between the leverand the forces balanced or applied are on opposing sides of the fulcrum. The inorder to set a First Class Lever into a state of Static Equilibrium, the work beingapplied on both sides of the fulcrum must be equal; because work is force overdistance this means that loads of greater mass (greater force) must be placedcloser to the fulcrum than those of lesser mass. A fulcrum is one of the most simplemachines known to mankind; it was first modeled by Archimedes in Greece whoonce claimed that given a great enough lever, he could balance the weight of theEarth. By taking advantage of this means of applying small amounts of force overgreat distances to exert great force over small distances, a great deal of mechanicalefficiency can be achieved.
Purpose:
 a)To determine the relationship between suspended masses and theirdistances from the fulcrum needed to put a First Class Lever into StaticEquilibrium with a 500g load.b)To develop the equation for the relationship.
Materials:
FulcrumMeter StickRetort StandRetort ClampStringMeasured Masses
Method:
1.A 500g mass was suspended 30cm from the fulcrum located in the middleof the meter stick. This load remained unchanged.2.The load was balanced with a 1500g mass, suspended from the level onthe opposite side of the fulcrum.3.When the lever was in static equilibrium, the distance of the 1500g massfrom the fulcrum was recorded in a data table.4.Steps #2 and 3 were repeated with the following masses: 1200g, 1000g,800g, 600g, 400g
Observations:
Mass ( k g) Distance from theFulcrum ( m)1.50.0911.20.119
 
1.00.1430.80.1820.60.2460.40.373Log(Mass( k g))Log(Distance from the Fulcrum( m))0.18-1.040.08-0.930-0.84-0.1-0.74-0.22-0.61-0.4-0.43
Results:
 –See back for hand drawn graph and calculations.–In the hand drawn equations, the final equation is m = 0.14/(kg^1.1), thismatches the values calculated using OpenOffice Calc relatively closely.–The relation constant R
2
is equal to exactly 1 in both the original valuesand the logarithmic values.–The exponent is calculated as 1.1 in the hand calculated equation and1.06 in the OOCalc equation. % Error = ((1.1-1.06)/1.06)*100 = 3.8%
 
0.20.40.60.811.21.41.600.050.10.150.20.250.30.350.4
f(x) = 0.14 x^-1.06R² = 1
First Class Lever Lab
Mass (kg) vs Distance (m)
Column BPower Re-gression for Column B
Mass (kg)
   D   i  s   t  a  n  c  e   (  m   )
-0.6-0.4-0.200.20.4-1.2-1-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.20
f(x) = -1.05x - 0.85R² = 1
First Class Lever Lab
Log(Mass (kg)) vs Log(Distance (m))
log yLinear Re-gression for log y
Log(Mass (kg))
   L  o  g   (   D   i  s   t  a  n  c  e   (  m   )   )
Discussion:
a.Distance when mass = 500g.–m = 0.14/(kg
1.1
) = 0.14/(0.5
1.1
) = 0.30m = 30cm.b.Distance when mass = 50g.–m = 0.14/(kg
1.1
) = 0.14/(0.05
1.1
) = 3.78m = 378cm.c.Mass when distance = 2cm from the fulcrum.–m=0.14/(kg
1.1
), kg = (0.14/m)
(1/1.1)
= (0.14/0.02)
(1/1.1)
= 5.87kg = 5870g.d.Mass when distance = 150cm from the fulcrum.–kg = (0.14/m)
(1/1.1)
= (0.14/1.5)
(1/1.1)
= 0.12kg = 120g.
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