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ELF
and
VLF
Electromagnetic
FieldEffects
 dited
by
Michael
 
ersinger
EnvironmentalPsychophysiologyLabDepartment
0
PsychologyLaurentianUniversitySudbury Ontario Canada
PLENUM
PRESS
NEWYORK
 ND
LONDON
 
LibraryofCongres/iCal logingin
Pub
licationDotaPersinger,Michael
A ELF
aDd
VLF
e1ettromaaneticfieldeffecu.
Includel
bibli(lllrapbiesandindex. 1.
Ekctromacn
elicfteld....Ph
r i
o ogicaleffect.
I
Title.
Q
P82 2
.E43P47
6
1 2 0
1421
IS
 
Q 3 6 3 826 6
 
1974Plenum
Preee
NewYork
AD
lvlaicn
ofPlenumPublishingCorporation 227West17thStreet,
New
York.N.Y.
1 11
UnitedKIngdomeditionpublishedbyPlenumPress,London
A
DivlalonofPlenumPublishingCompany,Ltd. 4aLowerJohnStreet,London,
WIR
3PD,England
Allrilth
 
reserved
No
pan
(Ifthi,bookmay
be
reproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted, inanyfonnorbyanymeans,electronic.mechanical.photocopying,mierofilming, recording,
or
ot
herwillC
,without...
rittenpermission
fromthePublisher
PrintedintheUnlted
StalesofAmerica
PREFACE
Recentemphasis
upon
the
impor
tan
ce
of
thephysi
cal
environ
ment
has
mades
cience
andthe
public
e
ven
mo
re
cog
nizant
ofthe
manycomponen
ts
of
the
b
iosphere.
Whilemucha
ttention
hasbeen
given
to
ionIzing
elec
tromagnet
ic
stimuli
which
causes
b
latant
and
unal
te
rable
changesin
bi
ologica
l
systems
,
re
latively
lit
t
le
rese
ar
ch
hasbeen
conce
rn
edwi
th
those
elec
tromagnet
ic
signalswhose
freque
nc
ies
overlapwi
th
tim
e
va
ry
ingp
roc
esses
in
liv
ing
organi
sms.Extreme
ly
lowfrequency(ELF)e
lect
romagnetic
fields
can
oc
cur
as
wa
ves
between
about
IHz
to
100Hzoras
shor
t
pulseswithin
thisrange
of
very
lowf
requency
 VLF
and
higher
f
requencysources
.Thenatu
ra
l
occ
ur
re
nce
of
ELF
signa
lsis
assoc
iated
wi
th
wea
th
er
changes.
so
lar
d
istu
rbances
andgeophys
ica
lionosph
er
icpertu
rba
tio
ns.
Ma
n-made
sou
rces
have
a
lso
bee
nrepo
rt
e
d.Certa
in
phy
si
c
 l
p
rope
rt
ies
of
ELF
signals
maketheme
xcelle
ntc
andi
da
te
sf
or
bi
ol
o
gi
ca
ll
yimp
ort
ant
stimu
li
.
Un
l
ike
manyotherwea
the
rcomponen
ts
,ELF
si
gn
 l
s
have
th
ec
apacit
ytope
net
rate
st
r
uctu
res
wh
ich
house
li
vingo
rg
an
is
m
s.
ELF
wavecon
fig
u
ra
t
io
nsal
lo
wlongd
is
tance
p
ro
p
aga
ti
onal
capac
it
ieswi
thout
app
reciab
le
at
tenua
tio
n
of
int
en
s
ity
th
usmaking
the
m ent
eced
eat
s
timu
li
toapp
roac
hing
weat
her
changes.
Mo
st
impor
tan
t
ly
,ELF
sig
nalS
exhibit
th
ef
re
que
nci
esandwaveformsofbio-
ele
ctri
ca
leven
ts
tha
t
occur
w
ithin
th
eb
r i
nandbody.Thusresonan
ce
int
er-
acti
ons
betweenanimal
andn
atu
rebec
om
eatt
rac
tivepo
ssi
biliti
es.
F
oll
owinga
sh
ort
in
tr
odu
cti
on
th
is
book
inc
ludes
informa
tio
non
the
p
hysi
c
 l
para
me
te
rs
ofELF-VLFe
lec
t
ro
mag
ne
tic
fields
as
w
ell
as
t
hei
r
penet
rabil
i
ty
ands
hi
el
din
gp
rope
rties
.Corre
l t
io
naland
exper
imen
t l
d
at
aa
re
p
re
sen
ted
wh
ich
st
ro
ng
lyindicate
that
ELFfi
el
ds
have
sign
ifi
cantef
fects
onh
um
ana
ctiv
ities
Dif
f
ic
ult
i
es
andm
etho
do
logica
lformatsencoun
tered
with
measuri
ng
detec
t
ionof
 
 
vi
PREFACE
CONTENTS
 
ELF
fields
bynon human
animals
arepresented
in
conjunctionwith
thebehavioural-biological
effects
of
maintained
expo
sure.
In
this
manner
the
distinction
between
detectability
versus
the
effect
of
ELF
signalsare
recognized.
Care
is
given
to
differentiate
the
biological
changes
possible
at
na~ural
ELF
fieldintensities
from
those
applied
duringexperimental
settings.
Results
from
animalexperiments
arealso
presentedtodemonstrate
some
ofthe
significant
physiological
and
biochemicalchanges
associated
with
ELF
magnetic
field
exposures.
Speculation
on
the
fundamental
role
of
ELF
magnetic
fields
in
the
phylogeny
of
li
forms
is
presented
in
thechapter
concerned
with
abiogenesis.
The
conclusion
integrates
thechapters
and
points
outthe
applicability
ofexperimentally
collected
data
to
naturally
occurring
phenomenaand
suggests
general
approaches
forfuture
research.
INTRODUCTION
M A
Per>singer>
ELF
 N
VLF
SIGNAL
PROPERTIES:
CHARACTERISTICS
••••.•••
H L Konig
PHYSICAL
1
9
The
editor
expresses
hisgratitude
totheresearchers
whohave
contributed
their
excellent
articles
to
this
text
and
to
Plenum
Press
for
publishing
a
text
concerned
with
a
controversial
and
unestablishedresearch
area.
Thanks
to
Jean
T Janes
manuscript
typist
Ruth
Scott
proof
reader
and
Patricia
P.
Lyons
draftsman
for
their
finetechnical
aSskstance.
The
editor
thanks
Klaus-Peter
Ossenkopp
for
translating
fromGerman
the
articles
written
by
Dr.
KonigandDr.
 Altmann
and
Irene
P.Huk
for
translating
Dr.
Ludwig s
manuscript.
Special
thanks
to
Klaus-Peter
Ossenkoppand
Gyslaine
Lafreniere
for
their
dedicated
assistance
and
to
MiloA.
Persinger
and
Violet
M.
Knight
for
their
wise
gi t
of
abasement
laboratory
many
years
ago.Michael
A.
Persinger
23
August
1974
ELECTRIC
 N
MAGNETIC
FIELD
STRENGTHS
IN
THE
OPEN
 N
IN
SHIELDED
ROOMS
IN
THE
ULF
TO
LF ZONE
H
W
Ludwig
BEHAVIOURAL
CHANGES
IN
HUM N
SUBJECTS
ASSOCIATED
WITH
ELF
ELECTRIC
FIELDS
•.••••.••••.
B L
Ko nig
ELF EFFECTS
ONHUM N
CIRCADIAN
RHYTHMS
R
Wever
OPERANTMETHODS
ASSESSING
THE
EFFECTS
OF
ELF
ELECTROMAGNETIC
FIELDS
.
J de
Lor>ge
andM J
ar r
BEHAVIOURAL
PHYSIQ~OGIC L
N
HISTOLOGICAL
CHANGES
IN
RATSEXPOSEDDURING
VARIOUS
DEVELOP-
MENT L
STAGES
TO
ELF
MAGNETIC
FIELDS
M A
ersinger ~
G F
Lafr>enier>e
 
K P Ossenkopp
OXYGEN N
BIOCHEMICAL
CHANGES
FOLLOWING
ELF
EXPOSURE
••.••....•..••.
G
Altmann
PRECAMBRIAN
ELF
 N
ABIOGENESIS
F E ColeandE R
Gr>af
vii
35
81101
145
177
227243

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