FINAL
REPORT
Implications of Capitol LakeManagement for Fish and Wildlife
Prepared by:The Washington Department of Fish and WildlifeMarc P. HayesTimothy QuinnTiffany L. HicksPrepared for:Capital Lake Adaptive Management Program Steering Committee11 September 2008
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... iii1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................11.1 Historical Background and Physical Setting of Capitol Lake.................................... 11.2 Prior Faunal Surveys and Research ...................................................................... 71.3 Objectives .................................................................................................................... 72 Methods ........................................................................................................................... 82.1 Species Assessment .....................................................................................................82.2 Ecosystem Assessment ............................................................................................... 93 Results and Discussion................................................................................................. 103.1 Species Present and Their Response ........................................................................... 103.1.1 Vertebrates ............................................................................................................. 103.1.1.1 Amphibians ...................................................................................................... 103.1.1.2 Birds ................................................................................................................. 123.1.1.2.1 Aerial-Foraging Birds ............................................................................... 123.1.1.2.2 Diving Birds (Non-Waterfowl) ................................................................ 143.1.1.2.3 Gulls and Terns ......................................................................................... 173.1.1.2.4 Shorebirds and Probing Foragers ............................................................. 173.1.1.2.5 Raptors ....................................................................................................... 203.1.1.2.6 Wading Birds ............................................................................................. 223.1.1.2.7 Waterfowl .................................................................................................. 243.1.1.3 Fishes................................................................................................................ 283.1.1.3.1 Anadromous Fishes ................................................................................... 283.1.1.3.2 Freshwater Fishes ...................................................................................... 333.1.1.3.3 Marine Fishes ............................................................................................ 383.1.1.4 Mammals ......................................................................................................... 413.1.1.3.1 Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Mammals ....................................................... 413.1.1.3.2 Bats ............................................................................................................ 443.1.1.3.3 Marine Mammals ...................................................................................... 463.1.1.5 Reptiles............................................................................................................. 483.1.2 Invertebrates ........................................................................................................... 503.1.2.1 Benthic Invertebrates ....................................................................................... 513.1.2.2 Planktonic Invertebrates .................................................................................. 553.1.3 Exotic Species ........................................................................................................ 593.1.4 Next Step: Species Specific Models ..................................................................... 594 Special Designation Species ........................................................................................... 615 Ecosystems Present and their Functions and Processes ................................................ 615.1 The Open Freshwater Lake Ecosystem and its Significance ..................................... 625.2 The Estuarine Ecosystem and its Significance ........................................................... 645.3 Relative Importance of Ecosystem Types ................................................................... 676 The Consequences of Sea Level Rise ............................................................................. 687 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................... 698 References Cited .............................................................................................................. 699 Appendix I: Excluded Species ........................................................................................ 898.1 Appendix I – References Cited .................................................................................... 92
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List of Figures
Figure 1 2006 Aerial photograph of Capitol Lake ............................................................... 3
List of Tables
Table 1 Anticipated responses of amphibians to management options for Capital Lake ..................................................................................................................................... 11Table 2 Anticipated responses of aerial-foraging birds to management options for Capitol Lake ........................................................................................................... 13Table 3 Anticipated responses of diving birds (non-waterfowl) to management optionsfor Capitol Lake ..................................................................................................... 15Table 4 Anticipated responses of gulls and terns to management options for Capitol Lake................................................................................................................................ 18Table 5 Anticipated responses of shorebirds to management options for Capitol Lake....................................................................................................................................... 19Table 6 Anticipated responses of raptors to management options for Capitol Lake ....... 21Table 7 Anticipated responses of wading bird habitat to management options for .............Capitol Lake ........................................................................................................... 23Table 8 Anticipated responses of waterfowl to management options for Capitol Lake ....................................................................................................................................... 25Table 9 Anticipated responses to management options of anadromous fishes tomanagement options for Capitol Lake .................................................................. 29Table 10 Anticipated responses to management options of freshwater fishes tomanagement options for Capitol Lake .................................................................. 34Table 11 Anticipated responses to management options of marine fishes to managementoptions for Capitol Lake ........................................................................................ 39Table 12 Anticipated responses of aquatic or semi-aquatic mammals to managementoptions for Capitol Lake ........................................................................................ 42Table 13 Anticipated responses of bat to management options for Capitol Lake .............. 45Table 14 Anticipated responses of marine mammals to management options for CapitolLake ........................................................................................................................ 47Table 15 Anticipated responses of reptiles to management options for Capitol Lake ....... 49Table 16 Anticipated responses of freshwater benthic invertebrates to managementoptions for Capitol Lake ........................................................................................ 56Table 17 Anticipated responses of marine benthic invertebrates to management optionsfor Capitol Lake ..................................................................................................... 57Table 18 Anticipated responses of freshwater planktonic invertebrates to managementoptions for Capitol Lake ........................................................................................ 60Table 19 Species with Special Designations for this Assessment ...................................... 62Table 20 Comparison of historic and current areas for estuary and freshwater lakeecosystem types in Washington State ................................................................... 68
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3.1.1.2.2 Diving Birds (Non-Waterfowl) for Fish Wildlife Implications
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