10 August 13, 1992 under the chairmanship of Union Minister of State for Labour.

Afterdeliberations on various issues it arrived at the following conclusion: T h e R a m a n u j a n C o m m i t t e e r e p o r t o n t r a d e u n i o n s w a s c o n s i d e r e d b y t h e conference. it was decided to place the report b e f o r e t h e n e x t I . L . C . ( i i ) I t w a s decided to appoint a committee of labour ministers to go into the recommendationsof National Commission on Rural Labour (NCRL) pertaining to (1) Social Security, (2)C e n t r a l l e g i s l a t i o n f o r a g r i c u l t u r e l a b o u r , ( 3 ) C e n t r a l l e g i s l a t i o n f o r constructionworkers, (4) Appointment of National Commission on Bo nded Labour. (iii)It wasd e c i d e d t o c o n v e n e a l a b o u r m i n i s t e r c o n f e r e n c e t o c o n s i d e r t h e q u e s t i o n o f improvement of quality of medical services rendered under the E.S.I.C. (iv)It washeld that restriction on the employment of outsider and the problem of inter state migrant worker needs serious consideration and therefore be referred to inter stateand even to the national integration council. For safeguarding the interest of childl a b o u r i t w a s e m p h a s i z e d t h a t t h e C h i l d L a b o u r ( P r o h i b i t i o n a n d Regulation) Act,1986 needs more effective implementation. The conf e r e n c e a l s o c a l l e d f o r t h e amendment of the Act. (5) Other Tripartite Committees Besides the various committees discussed earlier, all those committees thathave been playing a vital role in the implementing a uniform and co ordinatedl a b o u r p o l i c y i n t h e c o u n t r y a r e d i s c u s s e d u n d e r t h i s h e a d . A f e w i m p o r t a n t committees are: (a)Steering Committee on Wages It was set up in 1956 as a study group on wages and was s u b s e q u e n t l y reconstituted as the steering committee on wages. It consists of representativesof state governments, employers and workers and an economist. The functions of this committee are: (i) to study trends in wages. production and prices; (ii) toplan collection of material for drawing up a wage map of India; and (iii) to draw upreports from time to time for laying down principles which will guide wage fixingauthorities. (b)Central Implementation and Evolution Machinery The 18th session of the Standing Labour Committee in 1957 recommendedt h e s e t t i n g u p o f a s p e c i a l m a c h i n e r y a t t h e C e n t r e a s well as in the states toe n s u r e p r o p e r i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f l a b o u r a w a r d s , a g r e e m e n t s a n d C o d e o f Discipline. The implementation machinery at the Centre consists of an Evaluation and Prof. Amaresh C. Nayak

11 Implementative Division and a tripartite implementation committee, consisting of 4 representatives each of central employers and workers organizations with theunion labour minister as chairman. (c)Central Boards of Workers Education Was constituted to encourage the growth of strong and well -informed tradeu n i o n m o v e m e n t c o n d u c t e d b y t h e w o r k e r s t h e m s e l v e s o n r e s p o n s i b l e a n d constructive lines. This consists of representatives of employers and workers, andof central and state governments. (d)National Productivity Council Consists of representatives of the government, employers associati ons,labourers organizations and certain independent experts. It enc o u r a g e s t h e productivity in the country. Prof. Amaresh C. Nayak

12 BIPARTITE BODIES Bipartism is a system of industrial relations where social and labour issues arediscussed between trade unions and management, usually at the enterprise level. The bipartite consultative machinery comprises two important constituents, viz.,t h e w o r k s c o m m i t t e e s a n d t h e j o i n t m a n a g e m e n t c o u n c i l s . T h e s e a r e p u r e l y consultative, and not negotiating bodies. This consultative joint machinery- withequal representation of the employers and

the workers has been set up exclusivelyfor dealing with disputes affecting the plant or industry. Evolution of Such Bodies The importance of bipartite consultative machinery was first recognized as earlyas in 1920, when a few joint committees were set up in the presses controlled by theGovernment of India. They were also introduced in Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur. The importance of bipartite consultation was further highlighted by the First-Five- Year Plan which maintained: There should be the closest collaboration, through thec o n s u l t a t i v e c o m m i t t e e a t a l l l e v e l s , b e t w e e n e m p l o y e r s a n d e m p l o y e e s f o r t h e purpose of increasing production, improving quality, reducing cost and eliminatingwaste 8 , The second Plan also stressed the need for joint con s u l t a t i o n a n d progressively associating the workers and tech n i c i a n s , w h e r e v e r p o s s i b l e , i n management 9 . Bipartite Bodies The two important constituents of bipartite consultative machinery are (A) WorksCommittee, (B) Joint Management Councils. A brief review of these bodies is givenhere. 1.Works Committees These committees have been regarded as the most effective social institution of industrial democracy and as a statutory body, established within the industrial unitswith representatives of the management and workmen, for preventing, and settlingi n d u s t r i a l d i s p u t e s a t t h e u n i t l e v e l . T h e w o r k s c o m m i t t e e c a n b e f o r m e d b y a n y enterprise, employing 100 or more workers. Its objectives are: (i) To remove thec a u s e s o f f r i c t i o n i n t h e d a y - t o d a y w o r k s i t u a t i o n b y p r o v i d i n g a n e f f e c t i v e grievances-resolving machinery; (ii) To promote measures securing amity and goodrelationship; (iii)To serve as a useful adjunct in establishing continuing bargainingr e l a t i o n s h i p ; a n d ( i v ) T o s t r e n g t h e n t h e s p i r i t o f v o l u n t a r y s e t t l e m e n t , r e n d e r i n g recourse to conciliation, arbitration and adjudication rather infrequent; for these are Prof. Amaresh C. Nayak

13 achieved by commenting upon matters of concern or endeavour to compose anymaterial difference of opinion in respect of such matters. 2.Joint Management Council These committees give labour a greater sense of participation and infuse a spirito f c o o p e r a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t w o p a r t i e s w i t h o u t e n c r o a c h i n g u p o n each otherssphere of influence, rights and prerogatives. They esta b l i s h a c h a n n e l o f c l o s e mutual interaction between labour and management which, keeping tension at a lowlevel, generates a co-operative atmosphere for negotiation and settlement. Thesec o m m i t t e e s a l s o a i m a t m a k i n g t h e w i l l o f t h e e m p l o y e e s e f f e c t i v e i n t h e management; ensure the operation of the private-owned concern in conformity withnational interests and provide for a popular agency for supervising the managementof nationalized undertakings. In brief, such committees try to promote industrialgoodwill and harmonious relations through better understanding of employees bymanagement and of management by workers. To accomplish this goal, the worksc o m m i t t e e s a r e e n t r u s t e d w i t h a n u m b e r o f f u n c t i o n s w h i c h a r e o f b e n e f i t t o management as well as employees. Prof. Amaresh C. Nayak

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