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UKURAN PENYEBARAN DATA

Ukuran penyebaran data adalah suatu
ukuran yang menyatakan seberapa
besar nilai-nilai data berbeda atau
bervariasi dengan nilai ukuran pusatnya
atau seberapa besar penyimpangan
nilai-nilai data dengan nilai pusatnya.
Jangkauan adalah selisih antara nilai maksimum
dan nilai minimum yang
terdapat dalam data.
Jangkauan dapat dihitung dengan
rumus:
R = X maks X min


Jangkauan (range)

Contoh :
Tentukan range dari data : 10,6,8,2,4

Jawab :
R = Xmaks Xmin = 10 2 = 8


Simpangan rata-rata dari
sekumpulan bilangan adalah:
nilai rata-rata hitung harga
mutlak simpangan-simpangannya.
Simpangan Rata-rata
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a. Data tunggal

SR =
Contoh :
Nilai ulangan matamatika dari 6 siswa
adalah : 7,5,6,3,8,7.Tentukan simpangan
rata-ratanya!



n
x x

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Jawab:
=

= 6

SR =

= = 1,33




x
6
7 8 3 6 5 7 + + + + +
6
8
6
6 7 6 8 6 3 6 6 6 5 6 7 + + + + +
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Data berbobot / data kelompok

SR =

x = data ke-i (data berbobot )
titik tengah kelas interval
ke-i (data kelompok )
f = frekuensi

f
x x f
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Contoh :
Tentukan simpangan dari data berikut :
Data f x f.x f
3-5
6-8
9-11
12-14
2
4
8
6
4
7
10
13
8
28
80
78
5,7
2,7
0,3
3,3
11,4
10,8
2,4
19,8
Jumlah 20 194 44,4
x x x x
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= = = 9,7


SR = =

= 2,22


x

f
x f .
20
194

f
x x f
20
4 , 44
Simpangan standar (S) dari sekumpulan
bilangan adalah akar dari jumlah deviasi
kuadrat dari bilangan-bilangan tersebut
dibagi dengan banyaknya bilangan atau
akar dari rata-rata deviasi kuadrat.
Simpangan Standar / standar deviasi
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a. Data tunggal

= atau


=
N
x
i

) (
2
2
N
x
N
x
(

o
o
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Contoh :
Tentukan simpangan baku dari data :
2,3,5,8,7.

Jawab :

=

= 5
5
7 8 5 3 2 + + + +

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=


=


=


x
2
3
5
8
7
-3
-2
0
3
2
9
4
0
9
4
26
( ) x
( )
2
x
( )
N
x

5
26
2 , 5
o
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2. Data berbobot / berkelompok

= atau


=


( )

f
x f
2

2
2
f
f.x
f
fx
(
(

o
o
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Contoh:
Tentukan standar deviasi dari data berikut

Data f x f.x x2 f.x2
3-5
6-8
9-11
12-14
2
4
8
6
4
7
10
13
8
28
80
78
16
49
100
169
32
196
800
1014
Jumlah 20 194 2042
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=


=

= = 2,83
2
2
f
f.x
f
fx
(
(

2
20
194
20
2042
(

01 , 8
o
Kuartil adalah nilai yang membagi kelompok
data atas empat bagian yang sama setelah
bilangan-bilangan itu diurutkan.
Dengan garis bilangan letak kuartil dapat
Ditunjukkan sebagai berikut:

Q1 Q2 Q3
Kuartil
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Menentukan nilai Kuartil

a. Data tunggal / berbobot
Letak kuartil :
Qi = data ke

dengan i = 1,2,3
4
) 1 ( + n i
Contoh :
Hasil pendataan usia, dari 12 anak balita
(dalam tahun) diketahui sebagai berikut
4,3,4,4,2,1,1,2,1,3,3,4 , tentukan :
a. Kuartil bawah (Q1)
b. Kuartil tengah (Q2)
c. Kuartil atas (Q3)
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Jawab :
Data diurutkan : 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4

a.Letak Q1 = data ke


= data ke- 3


4
) 1 12 ( 1 +
4
1
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Nilai Q1 = data ke-3 + (data ke4

data ke3)

= 1 + (2 1) = 1


4
1
4
1
4
1
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b. Letak Q2 = data ke

= data ke 6

Nilai Q2 = data ke 6 + (data ke7

data ke6)

= 3 + (3 3) = 3
4
) 1 12 ( 2 +
2
1
2
1
2
1
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c. Letak Q3 = data ke

= data ke 9

Nilai Q3 = data ke 9 +

(data ke10 - data ke 9)

= 4 + (4 4)
4
) 1 12 ( 3 +
4
3
4
3
4
3
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Jangkauan Semi Inter Kuartil /
Simpangan Kuartil (Qd)
didefinisikan sebagai berikut:

Qd = (Q3 Q1)



2
1
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b. Data Kelompok

Nilai Qi = b + p

dengan i = 1,2,3

b = tepi bawah kelas Qi
p = panjang kelas
F = jumlah frekuensi sebelum kelas Qi
f = frekuensi kelas Qi
n = jumlah data
(
(
(

f
F
4
i.n
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Contoh :
Tentukan simpangan kuartil dari data :


Nilai f
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
3
6
10
12
5
4
Jumlah 40
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Jawab :
Untuk menentukan Q1 kita perlu = x 40 data

atau 10 data, jadi Q1 terletak pada kelas inter-
val ke-3. Dengan b = 54,5; p = 5; F = 9; f = 10

Nilai Q1 = 54,5 + 5


= 54,5 + 5 = 55

(
(
(

10
9
4
1.40
(

10
1
4
1
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Untuk menetukan Q3 diperlukan = x 40 data

atau 30 data,jadi Q3 terletak pada kelas interval
ke-4, dengan b = 59,5; p = 5; F = 19 ; f = 12


Nilai Q3 = 59,5 + 5 = 59,5 + 5


= 59,5 + 4,58 = 64,08


4
3
(
(
(

12
19
4
40 . 3
(

12
11
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Jadi, jangkauan semi interkuartil atau
simpangan kuartil dari data di atas adalah

Qd = (Q3 Q1) = (64,08 55)

= 4,54
2
1
2
1
Persentil dari sekumpulan bilangan
adalah nilai yang membagi kelompok
bilangan tersebut atas 100 bagian yang
sama banyaknya setelah bilangan -
bilangan tersebut diurutkan dari yang
terkecil sampai yang terbesar.
Persentil
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a. Data tunggal / berbobot

Letak Pi = data ke

dengan i = 1,2,,99

Contoh :
Diketahui data : 9,3,8,4,5,6,8,7,5,7
Tentukan P20 dan P70


100
) 1 ( + n i
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Jawab :
Data diurutkan : 3,4,5,5,6,7,7,8,8,9

Letak P20 = data ke = data ke 2

Nilai P20 = data ke 2 +

(data ke 3 data ke2)

= 4 + (5 4) = 4
100
) 1 10 ( 20 +
5
1
5
1
5
1
5
1
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Letak P70 = data ke

= data ke 7

Nilai P70 = data ke 7 +

(data ke8 - data ke7)

= 7 + ( 8 7 ) = 7


100
) 1 10 ( 70 +
10
7
10
7
10
7
10
7
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b. Data kelompok

Nilai Pi = b + p , dengan i

= 1,2,..,99

Jangkauan Persenti = P90 P10
(
(
(

f
F
in
100
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Contoh :
Tentukan Jangkauan persentil dari data
berikut :

Nilai F
50-59
60-69
70-79
80-89
90-99
7
10
15
12
6
Jumlah 50
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Jawab :
Untuk menentukan P10 diperlukan =

x 50 data = 5 data, artinya P10 terletak

pada kelas interval pertama dengan
b = 49,5 ; p = 10 ; F =0 ; f = 7

Nilai P10 = 49,5 + 10


= 49,5 + 7,14 = 56,64



100
10
(
(
(

7
0
100
50 . 10
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Untuk menetukan P90 diperlukan = x 50 dt

= 45 data, artinya P90 terletak pada kelas
interval ke 5, dengan b = 89,5; F = 44; f = 6.
Nilai P90 = 89,5 + 10
= 89,5 + 1,67 = 91,17

100
90
(
(
(

6
44
100
50 . 90

Jangkauan Persentil = P90 P10
= 91,17 56,64
= 34,53