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A Sessional Report on Mycology, Forest Pathology &Forest Protection

Introduction:

Forestry is biological science and plant pathology is a useful part of forestry. Only thetheoretical knowledge about plant pathology is not enough to acquire the proper object.Without direct observation nobody can learn about it. For this purpose, Sessional class andstudy tour are very essential for us. In Sessional class we learn how a matter is happenedwhich is already learnt from theoretical class. Without field tour nobody can observe thehappenings in the nature. Pests and diseases are common in trees and shrubs. In some cases,it is so severe that the whole ecosystem is jeopardized. Attempts are being made to controlthese problems. So a Sessional tour is arranged by our honorable course teacher Md.Kamruzzaman in Chittagong BFRI at 18th May, 2008.

Objectives of the tour:

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To acquire knowledge about the pests and diseases of different plant species.

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To know about the symptoms, casual organism and their preventive measure of different disease affected species.

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To observe the diseases of different species caused by fungus and insects.

Description of the tour

Our honorable teacher Md. Kamruzzaman showed us the condition of different types of diseases on the way. Then they took part in short discussion about the diseases of differentspecies, their symptoms, casual organism and their preventive measures.

Field Work Description

Pest and Diseases of different plant speciesDisease:

Leaf spot .Leafs having localized area of diseased or discolored tissues. Some times dead portionsof may fall of giving appearance hot is known as shot note.

Host:

Dalbergia sissoo, Artocarpus heterophyllus

Pathogen

Several pathogens were found responsible for causing leaf spot of

Dalbergia sissoo.

Causal organisms are;

Cercospora sissoo Syd, Colletogloeum sissoo, phylllachora Dalbergiae Niessl. Phyllachora spissa Syd.

Symptoms

Cercospora sissoo

attacks leaves mostly on the lower surface, producing yellowish tograyish green discoloration

Colletogloeum sissoo

cause imperceptible sports on sissooleaves. It is similar to

Cercospora

sissoo from which it differs only its size and number of septation of condia

. phylllachora Dalbergiae

causing leaf spot I sissoo and its attacks theupper leaf surface and produces shining black cushion like stomata which may occur scattered of in clusters.

Phyllachora spissa

attack the leaf and forms densely aggregated dotlike dark stomata on irregular brownish infection.

Control

A Sessional Report on Mycology, Forest Pathology &Forest Protection

Spray with fermate solution of 2lbs/100 gallons of water is quicte effective to control thedisease caused by

Cercospora sissoo, Colletogloeum sissoo.

Disease:

Leaf BlightA general term to describe the shriveling and death of some or all of the foliage andyoung shoots of a plant.

Host:

Dalbergia sissoo, mangifera indica.

Fig- Leaf Blight

Pathogen

Rhizoctonia leaf web blight of

Dalbergia sissoo

caused by

Rhizocctonia solani

and amorphaof

Tiamatephorus cucumeris.

Another fungus named

Alternaria alternate

causes leaf blighton

Dalbergia sissoo.

Symptoms

The disease first appears on leaf close to the ground as water soaked grayish-brown blotches, which increase in size with the advancing fungal hyphye, and ultimately the fungusinvades the entire leaf blade. The leaf lets show stomatoid aggregates on under surface andeventually turns brown. The infected adjoining leaf lets often join together by the fungalhyphae as if caught in a spider’s web hence the main of web blight.

Control

The disease can be effectively managed through sanitation, within and foliar applicationof Bayleton 0.1% at 14

thly

intervals. Two or three application of the fungicides provides protection to the seedlings against the disease. The best control is by 0.2% Dithane M-45 and phenolmercry acetate, which both eliminated both the disease.

Disease:

Canker

Canker may be localized death of stem tissues with a sunken dead center and raisedmargin. Canker may be annual or may persist for several years.

Host:

Kanthal.

Pathogen:

Nectrai haentatococca.

A Sessional Report on Mycology, Forest Pathology &Forest Protection

Symptom

The canker on jackfruit trees strat as blackening of barck generally at the bases of smalldead branchlets. The dead area gradually expands and this is followed by light browndiscoloration and death of sap wood underneath. As the tree increases in girth, the canker affected portion fails to add any new growth, and a depression usually develops. On the bark of the dead area small, rounded, reddish-yellow fruit bodies of

Nectrai haentatococca

develops profusely during the moon soon.

Control

•

Naturally canker may be controlled through callus tissue formation. And the callustissue comes from the cambium tissue of the bark.

•

Fungal attack on the surface of the canker can be controlled by using fungiside.

Disease:

Wilt DiseaseWilting is characterized by loss of turgidity and collapse of leaves.

Host:

Dalbergia sissoo.

Pathogen:

Fusarium solani, Fusarium dalbergiae

Fig:

Agaricas

Symptoms

1.Yellowing and dying of leaves in acropetal succession in older trees.2.The leaf drop-off, rendering the branches increasingly bare.3.Affected tree dies within three months.4.The outer sapwood exhibits a characteristics pink strain. And the strain may extend upthe stem to about 3m from the ground.

Control