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Contribution of Commercial Energy in energy sector of bangladesh (mahadi)Muhammad Mahadi..Environmental Science Discipline..Khulna University..
INTRODUCTION:
Presently known primary commercial energy resources of the country include natural gas, oil,coal, peat and hydro-electricity.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION STATUS IN BANGLADESH:
The total final energy consumption in 1990 was estimated as 683 PJ. The share of different type of energy sources in final energy mix were as follows:
natural gas 12.2%
oil 10.1%
coal 1.8%
electricity 2.8% and
Biomass fuels 73.1%
Various end uses of final energy were as follows:
domestic 64.8%
industrial 19.5%
commercial 1.3%
transport 4.0%
agriculture 1.7% and
 Non-energy (fertilizer) 8.7%
CONTRIBUTION OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY TO THE ENERGYSECTOR:
(I) CONTRIBUTION OF NATURAL GAS:
The total estimated reserves of natural gas in 20 gas fields (19 on-shore and 1 off-shore) is around 13.7 TCF, of which 1.35 TCF was extracted till June 1990.
More than 60 percent of the commercial energy comes from natural gas, and thesingle largest user of energy (other than Power generation) is the fertilizer industry,which uses natural gas.
Currently about 88 percent of power generation is based on natural gas.
About 24% of the country's energy supply is based on natural gas.
In 1990, 34.5% and 65.5% of primary energy were supplied by commercial energyand biomass fuels respectively. Natural gas accounted for 21.4% of total fuel or 61.8% of commercial fuels.
Total consumption of natural gas in 1990 was 0.165 TCF, which was equivalent to163 PJ (3.8 MTOE) and the consumption mix were as follows:
 power 47%
 
fertilizer 35%
industries 9%
domestic and commercial 9%
The consumption of natural gas has increased to 0.21 TCF (208 Pj or 4.87 MTOE) in1993. The shares of different end users were as follows:
 power 44%
fertilizer 33%
industries 7%
tea garden and brick fields 9%
domestic and commercial 7%
In 1993 total system losses of all the gas systems were 0.017 TCF (8% of total gas) incomparison to acceptable loss of 1.5-2.0%.
 Natural gas has also contributed to the rapid growth of the chemical fertilizer industry.
(II) CONTRIBUTION OF OIL:
In 1993, total quantity of petroleum fuels consumed in the country was 1.9 milliontones and the shares of different end uses were:
transport 47.5%
domestic 24.0%
agriculture 13.0%
industry 12.0%
power 3.5%
About 19% of the country's energy supply is based on imported oil.
(III) CONTRIBUTION OF COAL:
In 1993-1994 the total Consumption of Coal by User Classes are as follows:
Public Sectors 4 (Thousand M. Ton)
Brick field 47 ( TMT)
Other Industry 8 ( TMT)
About 19% of the country's energy supply is based on coal and imported oil.
The recent discovery of sizable coal deposits in the northwestern part of the country isof significance. A coal-based power plant is also proposed to be set up in the area.Abundant supply of coal at home will greatly reduce pressure on imported oil.
(IV) CONTRIBUTION OF HYDROPOWER:
The present utilization of hydro power is only 230 MW at Kaptai Hydro Power Station.2
 
About 2% of the country's energy supply is based on hydroelectricity.
CONTRIBUTION OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY IN POWER GENERATIONSECTOR:
There are 23 power plants in the country and the current installed capacity of power generation is about 2000 Megawatts, which is insufficient to meet the current peak demand of 2200 megawatts.
In 1990, total electricity generation was 7732 GWh and fuel mix was as follows:
Hydro (11.4%)
natural gas (84.3%) and
Petroleum fuels (4.3%)
Total electricity generation in 1993 was 9206 GWh and the fuel mix was as follows:
Hydro, (6.6%)
 Natural gas (86.6%)
Petroleum fuels (6.8%)
The consumption of electricity in 1993 in different enduse sectors was as follows:
Domestic (36.8%)
Commercial (11.8%)
Industrial (42.3%)
irrigation (4.6%) and
Others (7.3%)
CONTRIBUTION OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY IN RURAL ELECTRIFICATION:
The total number of households having electricity connection about 14-15 %.
In 1993, total number of consumers of Rural Electrification Board (REB) were7, 98,441 and the mix of consumers was as follows:
domestic 80.7%
commercial 12.9%
irrigation 3.8%
industry 2% and
Street lighting 0.6%.3
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