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Types of energy using pattern in bangladesh (mahadi )Muhammad Mahadi..Environmental Science Discipline..Khulna University..
Introduction:
Bangladesh still remains an agrarian country. Because of the fast population growth, theamount of per capita cultivable land is dwindling very fast. In order to survive as anation, and to prosper in the 21st century, Bangladesh will have to shift from an agrarianeconomy to an industrial economy. Consequently, the power generation will have toincrease drastically to achieve that goal. Electrification of the whole country should betaken as the top most priority. According to the Report of the Task Forces on BangladeshDevelopment Strategies for the 1990s, as s of 1991, 73.1% of the total energyconsumption comes from biomass fuel, such as agricultural residues, tree residues, fuelwood, and dung. The use of biomass is not only an ineffective means of energygeneration, it is also extremely detrimental to the environment. Bangladesh has about half the USA population and about one-eighth of India's population. However, the energy production in Bangladesh is not a match to either of these countries. In fact, evenamongst the 40 countries classified by the World Bank as "low income countries",Bangladesh's commercial energy use stands less than 31% of the average of thesecountries. Bangladesh has a poor economy but the United States has the world's largesteconomy. Since all industrial and other economic activities rely on electricity or other means of power, the primary energy production can be considered as an indicator of acountry's economic strength. In 2005, Bangladesh’s real gross domestic product (GDP)grew at 5.4 percent, down somewhat from the 2004 growth rate of 6.3 percent. Economicforecasts are at 5.8 percent for 2006.
Bangladesh: A Mono-Energy Country:
The national energy balance of Bangladeshclearly depicts that natural gas is Bangladesh's only significant indigenous source of commercial energy. It is the principal source of energy for the country's power, industry,commercial, and domestic sectors. Natural gas provides over 90 percent of Bangladesh'selectricity, and is also the feedstock and fuel of the urea and ammonia fertilizer plants.Urea has helped Bangladesh attain self-sufficiency in rice production—the major localfood crop. Natural gas at present is undoubtedly an important driving force of itseconomy. The future development of Bangladesh's economy depends largely on the1
 
Types of energy using pattern in bangladesh (mahadi )Muhammad Mahadi..Environmental Science Discipline..Khulna University..government's ability to sketch out a natural gas strategy that offers the best prospects of utilization of this unique asset of the country.
Comparison of Energy Use :
Bangladesh has one of the lowest rates of per capitaenergy consumption in the world. As is evident from Table 1, the 1997 Bangladeshi per capita energy consumption (197 kgoe) was less than the average per capita energyconsumption of South Asia for the same period (443 kgoe), and far less than the averagesfor low income (563 kgoe) and lower middle income (1,178 kgoe) countries. It is alsoevident that during the 1990s, the energy consumption of Bangladesh grew at a slower  pace (1.0% per annum) than the South Asian average (1.9% per annum).Table 1:
 
Comparison of Energy Use .
EconomyCommercial energy useNet energyimports
Thousand metric tonsof oil equivalentPer capitakg of oilequivalentAvg.annual %growth% of commercialenergy use19901997199019971990-9719901997
Bangladesh
20,93624,3271901971.01010
Low income(average)
1,122,6831,194,696607563-1.2-17-9
Lowermiddleincome(average)
2,426,9172,384,8561,3021,178-1.2-18-20
South Asia(average)
435,330556,4963944431.9915
World
8,608,4149,431,1901,7051,6920.0----
Source: World Bank, "World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty," SelectedWorld Development Indicators, Table 10, Energy Use and Emissions (New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 2001),http://www.worldbank.org/poverty/wdrpoverty/report/index.html.
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Types of energy using pattern in bangladesh (mahadi )Muhammad Mahadi..Environmental Science Discipline..Khulna University..
An Overview of the Energy Consumption Pattern in Bangladesh:
Low availability of commercial energy can be a crucial obstacle to a country's economic development.Bangladesh's per capita energy use barely touched the 240 kgoe mark, which is the thirdlowest in South and South East Asia after Nepal and Cambodia. Most of it, however, isnon-commercial energy. The country has huge unmet demand in commercial energy,reflecting the energy-starved condition of millions of people. Only 18 percent of the 134million people in the country have access to electricity.The annual per capitaconsumption of electricity has been officially estimated at 112 kWh, which comparesunfavorably with neighboring India's 440 kWh. Ironically, only 4 percent of the people inBangladesh have access to indigenous natural gas.
Current Energy Balance In Bangladesh:
While the numbers are approximate, recentestimates for Bangladesh state that about 70 percent of energy needs are met bytraditional or non-commercial sources of energy, which primarily come from agriculturalresidues, scrub wood, and animal dung. The remaining 30 percent of energy needs aremet by commercial energy sources available in the country. The trend of commercialenergy consumption over the last ten years suggests that 70 percent of Bangladesh's totalcommercial energy was provided by natural gas, with the remainder almost entirely provided by imported oil, plus limited amounts of hydropower and coal (Figure 1)3
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