လြတ္လပ္ေရး ၾကိဳးပမ္းမွဳသမိုင္း 1945-1948

vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
3 ar 1945 jAdwo
d Q trSwf 26
tdE,
wyfrrS wyfr[monf n
tcsdefwGif vIdifjrpfukd jzwfum
&efukefoabFmqdyfokdY 0ifa&muf
onf/
[Field Marshal Sir William Joseph Slim Defeat into Victory

London Cassell and Company Ltd
1956 .P 507 ; hereafter cited as
Slim Defeat into Victory]
[Mountbatten, Earl,Report to the
Combined Chiefs of Staff by the
Supreme Allied Commander
South East Asia 1943-45, New
York Philosophical Library 1951.
P145-157 : Hereafter Cited as
Mountbattens Report ]
ausmfNidrf;
TefMum;a&;rSL;
wuokdvfrsm;orkdif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme
vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI
&ufpGJorkdif;
&ckdifkd;rrS qkwfcGmoGm;onfh
*syefwyfzUJG wpfzUJG u Akv
d cf sKyf
atmifqef;\ A[kpd pfO;D pD;XmecsKyf
pcef;wnf&dS&m o&ufacsmif;&Gm
a&muf&v
Sd monf/ Akv
d cf sKyfatmif
qef;uk,
d w
f idk Of ;D pD; XmecsKyu
f if;
wyfu *syefwyfudk wku
d cf u
dk &f m
*syefwyf qkwfcGmoGm;onf/
Akv
d rf if;acgif? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh
&J a bmf o k H ; usd y f/&efukef/ csKdaw;oH
ykEH ydS /f 1968/ pm 325- 326/ aemifu;dk
um;vQif Adv
k rf if;acgif &JabmfokH;usdyf
[kTef;rnf
ocifwifjr? zufqpfawmfvSefa&;
XmecsKyfESifh wdkif;q,fwkdif;? (wwd,
tMudr)f ? &efuek v
f yk o
f m; ykEH ydS /f 1976/
(3 ar 1945 rS 4 Zefe0g&D 1948 )
5
1
ausmfNidrf;
pm 342/ aemifu;dk um;vQif ocifwifjr
zufqpfawmfvSefa&; [keT ;f rnf
52/aemifukd;um;vQif*syefppftkyfcsKyf
a&;acwf[kTef;rnf/
Armjynf uGejf rLepfygwDu

&efuek Nf rdKU? prf;acsmif;&yf? Am;u
&mvrf;? tdrt
f rSwf 138 wGiyf gwD
qkid ;f bkww
f ifyJG tcrf;tem; jyK
vkyfonf/
Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef; taemuf
wkid ;f ppfXmecsKyf wyfaygif;pk wyf
&if;trSwf 6 ppfXme k;H pku
d &f m
ykPm;&GmokdY a&muf&dSonf/
5 ar 1945 t"dywd a'gufwm

barmfEiS hf *syefacwftpk;d &tzGUJ 0if NAdwo
d Qa&aMumif;csD trSwf 15
0efMuD;rsm;tm;vk;H uwGerf S armf wyfr\ a&S;ajy;wyf jzpfonfh
vNrdKifoYdk ul;onf/
trSwf 26 tdE,
d wyfrS wyfzUJG
AEKvOD;pdef t*Fvdyfajy;rif; pm 97 tcsKUd onf &efuek Nf rdKU ajrmufbuf
okYd csw
D uf&m vSn;f ul;wGif NAdwd
6 ar 1945 zufqpf*syefawmf oQ trSwf 14 Munf;aMumif;csD
vSeaf &; wkid ;f -7 (taemufyidk ;f ) wyfrawmfEiS hf awGUqkH qufo,
G rf d
wyfaygif;pkwyf&if; trSwf 6? onf/ vSn;f ul;wGif trSwf 26
wyf&if;ppfXmek;H pku
d &f m ykPm ;&Gm tdE,
d wyfronf trSwf 14 wyf
okYd Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;xHrS r[m rawmf\wku
d f u
dk t
f yk cf sKyfrI vuf
rdwEf iS hf rnfoYdk tquftoG,&f Sd atmufoYdk ajymif;vJ a&muf&Sd
aMumif; tpD&ifc&H efEiS hf if;wkYd onf/
twGupf cef;aumif;&Smxm;&ef pm [Mountbattens Report,P 161]
wpfapmifa&muf&dSonf/
jynfwGif;aomif;usef;rI orkdif;? &ef

uke/f ykw
H u
dk yf EHk ydS cf Ek pS rf od/ pm 11/
aemifukd;um;vQif jynfwGif;aomif;
usef;rIorkdif; [kTef;rnf
t"dywd a'gufbarmf\ cGijhf yK

csuft& *syefacwftpk;d &tzGUJ 0if
0efMuD; AEKvOD;pdew
f Ykd vlpo
k nf
ntcsed w
f iG f uwGerf S armfvjrdKif
okYd ul;onf/
AEKvOD;pdeft*Fvdyfajy;rif;/ &efuek /f
oD&ad Z,sKEH ydS /f 1946/ pm 97/ aemifu;dk
um;vQif AEKvOD;pdef t*Fvdyfajy;rif;
[kTef;rnf
wyf&if;6 ppfrSwfwrf; pm 78
Akv
d rf LS ;MuD;ae0if;u zufqpf
awmfveS af &; atmifycJG o
H nfo
h wif;
ESihf &efuek Nf rdKUukd Armhwyfrawmf
uodr;f ,lonft
h aMumif;ukd t*Fvyd f
jrefrmESpb
f momjzifh urmodYktoH
vTifhaMunmonf/
[New Burma in the new world.

Rongoon, NAY WIN KYI Press.
1946.PP 30-35.hereafter cited as
New Burma in the new world]
taemufwidk ;f wyfaygif;pk wyf&if;

trSwf 6 ta&;awmfyt
Hk wGi;f aeYpOf
ppfrw
S w
f rf;/ wyfrawmfaeY pmapmif1960/ &efuek /f *ErmykEH ydS /f 1960/
pm 78/ aemifu;dk um;vQif wyf&if;6
ppfrSwfwrf; [kTef;rnf
Oa&my ppfrsuEf mS wGif *smref

wyfrsm;
ta&;edrjhf y;D kid ;f rf
(Rheins) NrdKUwGif 2;41 em&D
vufeufcsofnf/ *smrefwyfrsm;
vufeufcsonfh pmcsKyfudk *smref
a&wyfAkdvfcsKyf [ef;pfzGefz&uf'D
bk;d (Admiral Hans Von Friedeburg) ppfoMl uD; tJz&uf *lpwyf
,lw,f (Field Marshal Alfred
Gustan jodl) ESihf if;\uk,
d af &;
t&m&dS Akv
d cf sKyf 0Dv[
f ed ;f tlZ;D eD;
,m; (Major General Wilhelm
7 ar 1945 jrefrmEkid if H 'kw,

d
jrdKUjya&;&m t&m&dScsKyf &if;epf
(Mr. C.B Renrick) ESihf yvdyrf if;
MuD;wkYd &efuek Nf rdKUokYd a&muf&v
Sd m
onf/ xkYdaemuf &efuek Nf rdKUukd
trSwf -1 ppftyk cf sKyaf &; {&d,m
tjzpf owfrSwfaqmif&Gufonf/
jrpf0uRe;f ay: ppfa&;wm0efcH
[Donnison,
British Military AdAkdvfrSL;MuD;ae0if; &efukefNrdKUokdY
ministration into Far East.
a&muf&dSonf/
1943-16, London Her Majesty
4 ar 1945 NAw
d o
d Q trSwf 17
tdE,
d wyfr[m vufatmuf&Sd oH
csyu
f mwifu
h m;wyfrsm;onf yJc;l
NrdKUudk jzwfausmf &efu
f ek Nf rdKUokYd
csDwufonf/
rpwm tkw
d wufqal eZkd *syefppftkyf
csKyfa&;acwfjrefrmEkdifiH (tkdEkd;wkd;k
jrefrmbmomjyef)/ &efukefyk*Hpmtkyf
wku
d Ef iS u
hf rk m&ykEH ydS w
f u
dk /f 1975/ pm2
uk;d um; vQif ukdpufaztpD&ifcHpm [k

Tef;rnf
ukpd ufazrS Akv

d cf sKyaf tmifqef;okYd tpD
&ifcpH m/ wyfrawmfaeYpmapmif-1960/
&efuek /f *Erm ykEH ydS /f pm 33-40/ aemif
Office 1956. PP 109-110. Hereafter cited as Donnison British

Military Adiministration]
Oxenius)wkdYu
vufrSwfa&;xkd; ausmjf idr;f wkYdu owif;q&m

tpnf;ta0; (Press Interview)
onf/
[C.L.SULZBERGER World jyKvkyfonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif
War II.Newyork, American Herd rf LS ;Mu;D ae0if;u jrefrmhwyfr
itage Press. 1985. P 269: Hereafer Akv
Su
f jAdwo
d Q
cided as SULZBERGER World awmfonf 1942 ckEp
War II ]
tm; cHwku
d cf jhJ cif;rSm jAdwo
d Q0ef
MuD;csKyf csmcsu
D twvEw
d cf sm
wmrSm jrefrmEkid if H rywfowf&[k
&efukefNrdKUukd r[mrdwfwyfrsm;
ajymqk
d vnf;aumif;/ *syefvQKUd
odr;f yku
d jf yD;aemuf jrdKUjya&;&m 0Sufukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u jrefrmh
t&m&dS tcsKUd u tm&Sta&SUawmif vGwv
f yfa&; ay;rnf[k uwd&
Sd
ykdif; r[mrdwfppfaoemywdcsKyf vnf;aumif;/ xku
d wdudk *syef
armifb
h ufweftm; zwyvukd eef;&if;0efw*dk sKu
d 21? azaz:0g&D?
rw&m;toif;aMunm&efEiS hf Akv
d f 1942 wGif *syef'idk ,
f uf vGwf
csKyf atmifqef;ukd ppf&mZ0wf awmfwiG f twdtvif; xyfr
H
aumifwpfOD;taeESifh zrf;qD;csKyf aMunmaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;
aESmifxm;&ef wku
d w
f eG ;f ta&;qkd jzpfonf/ okYdtwGuf Ekid if jH cm;
onf/
tultnD,
l
olyek x
f
rSom
[Mountbattens Report, P 201/
vGwv
f yfa&;&rnf[k ,kMH unf
230]
t*Fvyd u
f dk cHwku
d cf ahJ Mumif;/ okYd
aomf *syefonf if;\uwdudk
G v
f yfa&;tppf
9 ar 1945 jAdwo
d Qwyfrsm;u rwnfbJ jrefrmhvw
ukd ray;ojzifh vnf;aumif;/
oHwGJNrdKUudk odrf;ykdufonf/
[Mountbattens Report, P 147] *syefzufqpf\ oabmudk em;
vnfvnf;aumif;/ *syefujdk yef
wku
d cf ahJ Mumif;/ jrefrmhwyfrawmf
G v
f yfa&;twGuf t*Fvyd f
10 ar 1945 &efuek Nf rKd U a&T onfvw
awmifMum;vrf;&dS EkdifiHjcm;a&;kH; udk vnf;aumif;? *syefudk vnf;
f idk w
f idk f wku
d cf hJ
okYd Ekid if jH cm;owif;axmufrsm;udk aumif;? ESpMf udrw
dk nf; jrefrmhvw
G f
zdw
f
Akv
d rf LS ;MuD;ae0if;ESihf OD; Mu aemifuv
4
vyfa&;&&d&S eftwGuf jrefrmhwyfr 10 em&Dtcsed w

f iG f *syefwyf
awmfonf toufpeG Yf&ef toif&h Sd tiftm; 540 cefY ykPm ;&GmokYd csD
aMumif; ajymMum;onf/
wufvm&m Akv
d pf aH &TO;D pD; wyf
OD;ausmjf idr;f ? ajratmufolykef rSwfpk pdww
f pfpw
d jf zifh &Gm0rS qD;MudK
(vufEydS pf ufr)l pm 45/ aemifu;dk um; wku
d cf u
dk &f m &efol 9 a,mufus
vQif OD;ausmfjidrf; rSwfpk [kTef;rnf qk;H 17 a,muf 'Pf&m&onf/
pufaztpD&ifcHpm pm 37
tiftm; rrQ Akv
d pf aH &Twyfpw
d f
qkwcf mG &onf/ *syefwyf ykPm ;
jrefrmEki
d if H jrdKUjya&;&mt&m&dS
&GmwGif wpfaeYv;Hk pcef;csonf/
csKyf Akv
d cf sKyfy;D ,m; (Major Gennae 5 em&DwiG f Akv
d cf sKyaf tmif
eral C.F.E Pearce) ae&mwGif Akv
d f
qef;onf ykPm ;pcef;rS o&ufjrdKU
csKyf &efYpf (Major General Sir.
okYd c&D;xGucf mG onf/
Hubert Rance)tm; cefYtyfonf/
wyf&if; 6 ppfrSwfwrf; pm 80
[Donnison British Military
Adiministration.P 108]
11 ar 1945 10 em&DwiG f &ckid f ;dk

rrS qkwcf mG vmaom *syefwyfrsm;
ykPm ;&Gm twGi;f okYd 0ifa&muf
onf/ xkt
d csed w
f iG f Akv
d cf sKyaf tmif
qef;ESihf Akv
d rf LS ;MuD; aZ,swkYd rmS
ykPm ;&Gm tjyifwiG f pcef;csae
aomaMumifh &efoUl taESmuf
t,Surf S vGwu
f if;oGm;onf/
13 ar 1945 NAw
d o
d Qwyf *GNrKd Uukd
odrf;ykdufonf/
[Mountbattens Report,P 147]
ocifoef;xGe;f &efuek Nf rdKUokYd

a&muf&dSonf/
OD;ausmfjidrf;rSwfpk pm45
wyf&if;6 ppfrSwfwrf; pm 80
12 ar 1945 *syefacwfjrefrm 14 ar 1945 zwyv tzGUJ csKyf

Ekid if jH cm;
tpk;d &tzGUJ 0efMuD;rsm; armfvjrdKif acgif;aqmifrsm;u
owif;axmufrsm;ukd zdwaf c:um
rS rk'o
Hk Ydk ajymif;a&GUonf/
AEKvOD;pdeft*Fvdyfajy;rif; pm 98 owif;pmq&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;
jyKvyk o
f nf zwyvtzGUJ csKyf aMu
nmcsuf (Anti- Fascist Peoples
5
3
ausmfNidrf;
Freedon League Statements)
ukd 17 ar 1945 jAdwo

d Qtpk;d &u
xkwfjyefonf/
jrefrmEkid if H tkycf sKyaf &;rl0g' o
[New Burma in the new world, abmxm; aMunmcsuf jzpfonfh
PP36-48]
puLjzLpmwrf; (Write Paper) udk
vlx*k sme,f? twG-J 1/ trSw-f 1/ 17- xkwjf yefonf/ xkpd mwrf;wGif ppf
7-45/ 1945 ESpf/ rEav;MuD;yGm;
H iG f jyefvnf
a&;ykHESdyf? rEav;jrdKU/ aemifukd;um; jyD;umv jrefrmEkid if w
xlaxmifa&;vkyfief;ukd yxrOD;
vQif vlxk*sme,f [kTef;rnf
pGm aqmif&u
G rf nf/ jyefvnfxl
d Q
15 ar 1945 Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef; axmifa&;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif jAdwo
onf {&m0wDjrpfudk avSjzifjh zwf tpk;d &u b@ma&;tultnDay;
H jAdwd
ul;um atmifvjH rdKUteD;&dS NAdwd rnf/ jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcu
H 1935ckEpS f
oQtrSwf 33 wyfrMS uD;okYd a&muf oQtpk;d &xH wm0efc
&dv
S monf/ xkYdrw
S pfqifh jAdwo
d Q jrefrmEkid if H pD&iftyk cf sKyfrI Oya'
trSwf 14 wyfrawmf&&Sd m rdwv
D m tyk'f 139 t&? 9 'DZifbm 1948
f xd rdrw
d pfO;D wnf; oabm
NrdKUokYd av,mOfjzifh xGucf mG onf/ ckEpS t
f sKyfrnf/ taxGaxGa&G;
[British Military Administra- jzifh tkyc
tion (April -August) 1945: Spec- aumufyu
JG si;f y yk'rf 139 kwf
trum: May 1971: hereafter cited
do
f nf/ tqifw
h iG v
f w
G f
as British Military Administra- odr;f Eki
tion (April -August) 1945]
awmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh jrefrm
[Donnison British Military Eki
d if &H dS Ekid if aH &;ygwDtoD;oD; nd
Adiministration.P 355]
ocifwifjr zufqpfawmfvSefa&; pm EIdif;wkdifyifjyD; zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOy
a' a&;qGrJ nf/ zGUJ pnf;ykH tajccH
115
Oya'ukd jAdwo
d Qtpk;d &u axmuf
16 ar 1945 rdwv
D mjrdKUwGif cHjyD;onfhtcg jAdwdoQtpkd;&ESifh
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh jAdwdoQ jrefrmtpk;d & qufqaH &; udp/
Akv
d cf sKyMf uD; 0Dv,
D pH vif;wkYd awGU b@ma&;udpr sm; aqG;aEG; pmcsKyf
csKyrf nf/ xkYdaemuf jrefrmEkid if H
qkHaqG;aEG;onf/
[Slim Defeat into Victory P 156- onf NAdwo
d Q"eo[m,twGi;f
157 ]
uk,
d yf idk t
f yk cf sKyfa&;&&drS nf/ txl;
owfrw
S x
f m;aom e,fajrjzpf
4
onfh &Sr;f jynfe,fEiS hf e,fjcm;

awmifwef;a'o aexkid o
f rl sm;
onf jrefrmEkid if EH iS hf yl;aygif;&ef
qEr&do
S xkad 'orsm;ukd bk&if
cHutkycf sKyfxm;rnf[k yg&do
S nf/
MuD;yGm;a&;twGuf vli,frsm;
ESihf oufqidk af om wm0efrsm;
ukd xrf;&Gu&f ef/
3/ vli,fhjyKjyifa&; vkyfief;ukd
xda&mufpGm aqmif&Guf&ef/
rS w f c suf
vli,ft
h pnf;tk;H MuD;onf ygwD
EkdifiHa&;rS vkH;0a&SmifMuOf&rnf/
okYdaomf ,ckwu
dk q
f J jzpfaom
zufqpfwkdufckdufrI ta&;udkum;
jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk;\ ta&;[ko
abmxm;um r[mrdww
f Ydk bufrS
vkH;0tEkdif&onhfwkdifatmif zuf
qpfwkdufzsufa&; jynfolUvGwf
vyfa&; tpnf;tk;H MuD;ESihf yl;
aygif;aqmif&u
G rf nf jzpfaMumif;/
,cif Oa&myppfMuD;twGi;f u jAd
wdoQ vkvifuif;axmufrsm;\
erlemtwkdif; ulnDaqmif&GufMu
&rnfjzpfaMumif;/
A*srf;
XmecsKyfOu|
trSwf 8? uk,
d rhf if;uk,
d cf si;f vrf;/
&efukefaejynfawmf/
[Burma : The Struggle for independence (1944-48) Vol .I Edited by Huge Tinker, London Her
Majesty Stationery Office 1983.P
262-4 : hereafter Cited as Burma
Struggle Vol.I]
jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m vli,f
rsm; tpnf;tk;H u taxGaxGneT f
Mum;csut
f rSwf 1 ukd xkwjf yef
onf/ xkdTefMum;csufwGif
jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m
vli,frsm;tpnf;tkH;
taxGaxGTefMum;csuf
trSwf 1? 17-5-45/
ta&SUtm&S vli,frsm;tpnf;tk;H
ukd jrefrmEkid if v
rsm; tpnf;tk;H [laom trnf
okYd ajymif;jyD;vQif atmufyg&nf
&G,frsm;twkdif; qufvufaqmif
&GufoGm;rnf jzpfaMumif;/
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
1/ jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvkH;&dS wkdif;&if;
om; vli,f usm;-r taygif;
wkYd\tiftm;ukd pk;Hk aoG;pnf;
&ef/
2/ EkdifiHESifhjynfolwkdY\ wkd;wuf
18 ar 1945 Adv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef;
rdwDvmNrdKUrS &efukefjrdKUokdY av
,mOfjzifh jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/
[British Military Administration (April -August) 1945]
vufkH;*sme,f 11 {jyD 1946/
Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef; &efuek f
a&mufvQifa&mufjcif; &efukefjrdKU
okYd MudKwifa&muf&aSd eaom Akv
d f
rSL;MuD;ae0if;? Akv
d rf LS ;MuD;vufsm?
ocifp;dk ? ocifoef;xGe;f ? OD;ausmf
jidr;f ? OD;AaqGwYdkEiS hf ppfa&;Ekid if aH &;
tajctaersm;ukd wkid yf ifaqG;aEG;
onf/ xkdYaemufzwyvtzGJUcsKyf
MuD;ukd pepfwus jyefvnfzUJG pnf;
&efEiS hf r[mrdww
f yfrsm;ESiv
hf nf;
aumif;/ ppftyk cf sKyfa&;tzGUJ ESihf
qufqH&mwGif zwyvtaejzifh
qufqHoGm;&ef qkH;jzwfonf/
'kw,
d Ou| ocifp&H
twGif;a&;rSL; ociffvSauR
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
ocifat;armif
wkdYjzpfonf/
csKyfudk &efuek Nf rdKU wnfaxmif

onf/ trSwf 12 wyfrawmfXme
csKyu
f dk Akv
d cf sKyMf uD; pawmhzYdk (Sir
Montagu Stopford) u tkyc
f sKyf
onf/
ocifvaS uR 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdESifhtvkyf
orm;nD n G w f a &;? Ia'gifh*sme,f?
trSwf 58/ 15-8-71/ pm 20-21/
aemifu;dk um;vQif ocifvaS uR 'D;'kwf
OD;bcsKdESifh tvkyform;nDnGwfa&;
[kTef;rnf
25 ar 1945 zwyvtwGi;f a&;

rSL; ocifoef;xGe;f u ]]zufqpf
wku
d zf suaf &;ESihf jynfoUl vGwv
f yf
a&;tzGUJ csKyf (jrefrmEkid if )H \ 0g'
ESihf avmavmq,f vkyif ef;tpD
tpOf}} [laom aMunmcsuu
f dk
ta&SUawmiftm&S ppfaoemywd
csKyf armifb
h ufwefxaH y;ykYd onf/
ocifwifjrzufqpfawmfvSefa&; pm
117
19 ar 1945 ukpd ufaz (Akv

d rf LS ;
MuD;ae0if;)uAkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
xHoYdk jrpf0uRe;f ay:wkid ;f zufqpf
awmfveS af &; tajctaersm;udk
tpD&ifcHonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 290

-291]
[New Burma in the new world,
P-37]
pufaztpD&ifcHpm pm 33-40
24 ar 1945 &efu
f ek Nf rdKUa&Tawmif
wef;vrf;? tdrt
f rSwf 61 wGif
tvkyo
f rm;tpnf;tk;H rsm; tzGUJ
csKyf (jrefrmEkdifiH) Trade Unio
Congress (Burma) TUCB ukd jyef
vnf zGUpJ nf;onf/ tvkyt
f rI
aqmif tzGUJ 0ifrsm;rSm
Ou| ocifausmfped f
NAw
d o
d Q trSwf 26 tdE,
d wyf
ru ykord jf rdKUudk odr;f yku
d o
f nf/
[Slim Defeat into Victory P 163]
28 ar 1945 jAdwo
d QtrSwf 33
wyfrMuD;ukd zsuford ;f vku
d jf yD; jAd
wdoQ trSwf 12 wyfrawmfXme
8
ZG e f v
Akv
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awmifyidk ;f atmifyef;NrdKUe,f Mum
'k;d &GmteD; w,fv;l pcef;wGif iSuf
zsm;a&m*gjzifh uG,fvGefonf/
txufjrefrmjynf wyfaygif; &Srf;

jynfe,fawmifykdif; ppfrsufESm rSwf
wrf;? vlx*k sme,f? wG-J 1/ trSw-f 2/
1-8-75
aiGwm&Dr*Zif;/ rwf? 1969/ pm 1519
armifow
k AkdvfrSL;MuD;Axl;/ vrf;pOf
owif;/ wG-J 3/ trSw-f 7/
1-4-67/ pm-3
jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm 7-7-45/
aemifu;dk um;vQif jrefrmhtvif; [k
Tef;rnf
wyfrawmfaeYpmapmif1960/ pm 50
1 ZGef 1945 NAdwo

d QygvDref
puLjzL pmwrf;ukd aqG;aEG;jyD;
aemufNAdwo
d Q0efBuD;tzGUJ u 1945
ckESpf jrefrmEkdifiH ,m,Djyifqif
csuf Oaya'Murf;udk wifoiG ;f
jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qma':refprpf
\ wku
d f u
dk t
f yk cf sKyaf &; umv
twGut
f a&;ay:tmPmukd twnf
jyKonf/
4 ZGef 1945 jrefrmacgif;aqmif
[Great Britain Parliamenlary rsm;\ yxrtMudrf tpnf;ta0;
Deballes,(Hansoand) Vol 411 (1
ukd zwyvXmecsKyfwiG f usi;f y
June 1645) PP 495-550]
onf/ tpnf;ta0;okYd
2 ZGef 1945 tm&Sta&SUawmif 1/ OD;bab 0efMuD;a[mif;ESihf
ykid ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyf armifb
h uf jynfojl ynfom;tzGUJ Pople Party
wefu jrefrmwkYd tay: xm;&dS acgif;aqmif/
tyfaom0g'oabmxm; (Policy 2/ OD;yk 0efMuD;a[mif;ESihf United
d w
k jf yefonf/ Party acgif;aqmif/
Toword Burma)ukx
[Mountbattens Report, PP230- 3/ OD;boef; 0efMuD;a[mif;ESifh
rsKd;cspfygwDacgif;aqmif/
231]
4/ OD;wif jrefrmukeo
f nfMuD;rsm;
toif;ukd,fpm;vS,f/
9
5
ausmfNidrf;
5/ 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd azvD,yH gwD

acgif;aqmif/
6/ OD;ausmfjidrf; jynfoUl ta&;
awmfykHygwD ukd,fpm;vS,f/
7/ ocif0wif ocifygwD uk,
d f
pm;vS,f/
8/ apmbOD;MuD; Karen Ceneral
Organization uk,
d pf m;vS,/f
9/ apmbarmif Karen Ceneral
Organization ukd,fpm;vS,f/
10/ OD;cspfarmif The Press, Jour-
l Ok ;D vS ppfjyD;p Arm
ief;wGif wkdif;oljynfom;tm;vkH; uk;d um;vQifvx
wkYd nDnn
D w
G n
f w
G f yg0ifMu&ef jynf(y) [k Te;f rnf
wku
d w
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d cf sKyaf tmifqef;
abmwlqkH;jzwfonf/
u ta&SUtm&Sr[mrdwf ppfaoem
aeol&ed rf w
S w
f rf;? &efuek /f oHawmf
h ufwefxH jrefrm
qifo
h wif;pmwku
d /f 1946/ pm2-3/ ywdcsKyf armifb
sm;ESifh pyfvsOf;
aemifu;dk um;vQif aeol &defrSwfwrf; wyfrawmfudpr
pma&;om;ay;ykdYonf/
[kTef;rnf
Ekid if aH &;acgif;aqmifrsm; tpnf;ta0;
R 7115/ DSHRC
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 326

- 327]
om oufqidk
f &efuek jf rdKUMuD;
jyefvnfpnfum;atmif jyKjyif&ef
ESihf *syefrsm;ukd jrefrmjynfrS ESif
xkw&f efom wm0ef&aSd Mumif;/ Edik f
iHa&;pum; tkyfcsKyfa&;pum;wkdY
ukd bk&ifcH qma':refprpf uom
ajymEkdifaMumif; ajymMum;onf/
vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y)/ pm
29-30
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP -339
- 340]
d Q ygvDref
7 ZGef 1945 jAdwo
d Qwyfrsm; u 15 ZGef 1945 jAdwo
txufvw
T af wmfu puLjzL pm
avmNrdKUudk odrf;ykdufonf/
11/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ppfao [Mountbattens Report,P 163] wrf;udk twnfjyKonf/
18 ZGef 1945 jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcH
emywd? jrefrmhrsKd;cspfwyfrawmf/
qma':refprpf\ zdwMf um;cH&
11
ZG
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f
1945
Armjynf
u
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ta0;wGif Ou| tjzpf OD;bab? rsKd;cspfjrefrmwyfrawmf zsuford ;f trSwf wyfaygif;pkH Akv
d f o
I bif? Ekid if aH &;acgif;aqmifrsm;\'kw,
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twGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpf ocifoef; jzpf&ef pma&;onf/
u usi;f yonf/ Akv
d f o
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xGe;f wkYdaqmif&u
G o
f nf/ tpnf; 1944 ckEpS f *syefukdcHcs&efpkdif;jyif; ta&SUtm&S
ppfaoemywdcsKyf tpnf;ta0;wGif
ta0;wGif zufqpfwkdufzsufa&; MupOfu uGejf rLepfygwD\ xkwjf yef armifb
h ufwef wufa&mufonf/ (u) ppftyk cf sKyfa&;ukd tjrefq;Hk
unmcsu/f &efuek /f z qyv ykEH ydS /f
jynfolUvGwfvyfa&;tzGJUcsKyfu aM1946
&yfpJ&ef/
/ pm 20-26
wifjyaom0g'ESihf avmavmq,f
vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm (c) ppfty
k cf sKyfa&; &yfqo
J nfEh iS hf
vkyif ef; tpDtpOfudk twnfjyK 13 ZGef 1945 jAdwo
,m,DtrsKd;om;tpkd;& zGJU&ef/
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jcif;/
(*) ,m,DtrsKd;om; tpk;d &zGUJ jyD;
a&;NrdKU ajrmufyidk ;f oGm;a&mufonfh
jrefrmhwyfrawmfEiS hf *syefwYdk *syefppfbuf rD;&xm;ESihf rD;&xm; 16 ZGef 1945 &efuek Nf rKUd tpk;d & wpfEpS t
f wGi;f wGif jrefrmEkid if H
tdraf wmf {nfch yH o
JG bif usi;f y tkycf sKyaf &; a&;qGrJ nfh t&G,f
ukd wkdufckdufcJholrsm;tm; tNrJ vrf;rsm;udk AkH;BuJcsonf/
wrf; ppfwyfwpfck jyefvnfzGJU vlxOk ;D vS owif;pmrsm;u ajymjywJh onf/ ,if;tcrf;tem;wGif armifh a&mufol a,mufsm;wkid ;f rde;f r
d nf ppfaoem wkid ;f u a&G;aumuf wifajrmuf
pnf;&ef awmif;qkjd cif;ESihf wkid ;f ppfjyD;p Armjynf yxrwG/J rEav; bufwefu rdro
jynfjyefvnf xlaxmifa&; vkyf MuD;yGm;a&;yHEk ydS /f 1969 /pm 27/ aemif ywdcsKyftjzpf ppftkyfcsKyfa&;eSifh onfh wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvGwaf wmfMuD;
10
11
6
nalists and Authors.
ac:,l&ef
[laom tcsuf ok;H csuu
f dk
jrefrmjynfct
H m; ajzqk&d efEiS hf OD;
babu bk&ifco
H Udk wm0ef,l
wifjy&ef oabmwlonf/
aeol&defrSwfwrf; pm 3-4
20 ZGef 1945 jrefrmEkid if b

H &k ifcH
qma':refprpfu jrefrmEkdifiHa&;
acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd &efuek jf rpf
wGif;&dS urfbmvif ppfoabFm
(H.M.S Cumberland) ay:okYdzw
d f
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twGuf jAdwo
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csufrsm;ukd &Sif;vif; ajymMum;
onf/ jrefrmEkid if aH &;acgif;aqmif
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jrefrmvlrsK;d wdYkvv
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jynft
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cHoYdk ay;tyfonf/
bk&ifcrH if;MuD; qm&,f*seD ,f a':ref
prpfrdefUcGef;? &efukef/ tpkd;&ykHESdyf/
1945
jrefrmhtvif; 23-6-45
'D;'kwf*sme,f/ wGJ 19/ trSwf 1/
pm 4-6/ 13-8-45
vlxOk ;D vS owif;pmrsm;u ajymjywJh
ppftwGif;ArmjynfpwkwwGJ/rEav;
Mu;D yGm;a&;yHEk ydS /f 1968 /pm 206/ aemif
ukd;um;vQifvlxkOD;vS ppftwGif;Arm
jynf (p) [k Te;f rnf
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 339340]
12
23 ZGef 1945 jyefo

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ESihf jyefMum;a&;k;H wgif owif;pm
q&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;usif;yjyD;
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twGuf jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;u vkv
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jrefrmjynfwGif wkdufyGJrsm;jzpfyGm;
vsuyf if &daS eao;ojzifh csucf si;f
jyefvnf rxlaxmifEidk af o;aMumif;
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onf/
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&m rsK;d cspt
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f
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jrefrmEkid if H wpf0rS ;f vk;H &dS rsK;d cspf
tzGUJ [lorQ zsuo
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vlxkOD;vSppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm 39
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pm 267
28 ZGef 1945 Armhwyfrawmfwyf

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ocifomOD;tygt0if awmfveS af &; pm 119-125
&Jabmf 26 OD;ukd awavacsmif
awmwGi;f okYdac:oGm;jyD; owfjzwf 29 ZGef 1945 jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcH
um wGi;f wpfwiG ;f xJwiG f jrKyEf HS qma':refprpfu ArmhrsKd;cspfwyf
onf/
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jrefrmhvif; 24-9-45^5-9-47
[P.B.F] [lonfh trnfud k oabm
owif;pkH*sme,f wG(J 2)? trSwf (27)?
wlonf/
22-8-47? pm 12-13
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39
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11/ *syefEydS pf uf ysufq;D qk;H I;H
cJ&h aom u&ifrsm;ukd cs;D usL;
&ef/
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ppfwyf tpdwt
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14/ u&ifvil ,frsm;tm; pmykEH ydS f

vkyfief;? bPfvkyfief;oif
Mum;ay;&ef/
tpnf;ta0;wGif u&iftrsK;d
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A[kt
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jrefrmhtvif; 8-7-45
u&ifykHuefaomif;usef;rI? &efuek /f
jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkid if t
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1949/ pm 9
OD;oefY jynfawmfomc&D; (yxrykdif;)
&efuek /f pmayAdrmefyEHk ydS /f 1961/ pm
79/ aemifu;dk um;vQif OD;oefY jynf
awmfomc&D;(y) [k Te;f rnf
q&momxkd u&ifESifhEkdifiHa&; jy
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csKyyf EHk ydS /f 1948/ pm 11-12/ aemifu;dk
um;vQif q&momxkd u&ifESifhEkdifiH
a&; [kTef;rnf
4 Zlvkdif 1945 zufqpfwu

dk f
zsuaf &; jynfoUl vGwv
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csKyf twGi;f a&;rSL;ocifoef;xGe;f
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csuu
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csuw
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15
ewvifjrdKUrS &efuek jf rdKUokYd ajymif; twGi;f a&;rSL;rSm Od;pdex

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a&GUvmjyD; tm;jrdKifvrf; (avmif; onf/
0pfvrf;) wGif rsKd;cspfArmhwyfr jrefrmhtvif; 11^14-7-45
awmf? OD;pD;XmecsKyfukdjyefvnfzGJU
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hf av; pkpk
tpD&ifcHpm? wyfrawmfaeYpmapmif/ rS a,mufsm;rde;f rESiu
1960/ pm 116
aygif; 637 OD;ukd aoewfjzifyh pf?
vSepf yG Ef iS hf xk;d um tpkvu
dk t
f NyKH
6 Zlvkdif 1945 jAw
d o
d Q trSwf vku
d f owfjzwfonf/
14 wyfrMuD;\tMuD;tuJ'w
k ,
d
jynfholtmPm*sme,f/ 30-4-47/
Akv
d cf sKyfMuD; pvif;u vef'efNrdKU 'DR 2809
&dS ku
d w
f mowif;axmuftm; jref a&Tuavmif acwftvkduf owif;pm
rmppfonfawmfrsm;onf *syefwYdk rsm;ukd oHk;oyfMunfh&m0,f/ / pm
109
\vufeufrsm;ESifh wkdufenf;ppf tp v rf t vif ; r* Z if ; / [pf*s&D
y&d,m,frsm;udk tok;H jyKjyD; *syef 1400jynft
h xl;xkw/f trSw1f 9/ ar?
wkYdtm; wku
d cf u
dk Mf u&m jrefrmjynf 1980
rS *syefwYdktm; armif;ESix
f w
k af &;
atmifjrifrIwGif ta&;yg t&m 17 Zlvkdif 1945 wkYdArmtpnf;
a&mufpGm yg0ifulnDMuaMumif; tkH;MuD;ukd jyefvnfwnfaxmif
ajymMum;onf/
aMumif;aMunmonf/ tpnf;t
jrefrmhtvif; 7-7--45
k;H \ acwwnfae&mrSm trSw5f
csr;f omvrf; prf;acsmif;jzpfonf/
8 Zlvkdif 1945 &efuek Nf rdKUwGif wkYd Armtpnf;tk;H MuD;\ rlvxk;H
&ckdiftrsKd;om;tpnf;tkH; wnf wrf; tpOftvm pnf;urf;csuf
axmifonf/ tpnf;tk;H \ &nf rsm;t& jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m nD
&G,fcsufrSm &ckdiftrsKd;om;wkdY\ vmcH rusi;f yrD ,m,Dtvkyt
f rI
tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd apmifah &Smuf&efEiS hf aqmiftzGJUukd zGJUpnf;&m
jrefrmjynfEidk if aH &;wGif tm;ay;ul em,uOu|
nDaqmif&u
G &f efjzpfonf/ tpnf; ocifukd,fawmffrIdif;
tk;H Ou|rSm 0wfvHk OD;vSxeG ;f jzL? 'kw,
d Ou| ocifnD (jynf)
taeESihf vkdufavsmnDaxGatmif
zwyv tzGUJ csKyfudk jyefvnfzUJG
pnf;aeaMumif; tzGJUcsKyf\pnf;
rsOf;t& tzGUJ vku
d jf zpfap wpfO;D
csif;jzpfap 0ifa&mufEkdifaMumif;
yg&dSonf/
jrefrmhtvif; 5-7-45
&efukefjrLeDpy,fkH; aumfrwD
cef;r (&efukefjrdKUawmfcef;r)wGif
jrefrmjynf jynfoUl Xmet&m&dcS sKyf
Akv
d rf LS ;csKyf &efUpf? jrefrmjynfb&k if
cH\uk,
d pf m;vS,f rpwmwDt,f
vf[[l;wkYdu owif;pmq&mrsm;
tpnf;ta0;udk usi;f yonf/ &efY
pfu rdr\
d yxrwm0ef0w&m;rSm
*syefwYdktm; wku
d cf u
dk f acsreI ;f
atmifjrif&efyifjzpfaMumif;? 'kwd
,wm0ef0w&m;rSm jrefrmjynfol
rsm;vkdtyfaeonfh pm;eyf&dum?
aq;0g;? t0wftxnfrsm; &&d&S ef
jzpfaMumif;/ rpwm[[l;u jref
rmjynf tem*wf tkycf sKyfa&;ESihf
ywfouf puLjzLpmwrf;yg?
bk&ifcHrdefUcGef;rsm;ukd &Sif;vif;
ajymMum;onf/
jrefrmhtvif; 6^8-7-45
5 Zlvidk f 1945 zufqpfawmfveS f

a&; ppfO;D pD;XmecsKyf ;Hk
onf
16
'kw,
d Ou| ocifav;armif
twGif;a&;rSL;
ocifcifarmif (urm&Gw)f
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
ocifcspfarmif (om,m0wD)
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
ocifoif(jynf) ocifu,
dk af wmf
rIdif;\twGif;a&;rSL;
b@ma&;rSL; ocifAat;
pnf;k;H a&;rSL;ocifA&if (&efuek )f
tzGUJ 0if ocifat;
wkdYjzpfonf/
vlxk*sme,f wG(J 1)? trSw(f 2)/
1-8- 45
19 Zlvkdif 1945 *syefwyfzUJG wpf

zGUJ u anmifav;yif&Sd trSwf 17
tdEd,wyfrtm; wkdufckdufonf/
20 Zlvidk f 1945 yJc;l k;d rwGif ydwf

rdaeaom *syeftrSwf 28 wyfr
awmfEiS hf tjcm;*syefwyfrsm; &ef
ukef-rEav; vrf;rukdjzwfum
ppfawmif;jrpfukd jzwful;&efMudK;
yrf;onf/
*syefppftkyfcsKyfa&;acwf pm 53
[Slim Defeat into Victory P 527]
17
ausmfNidrf;
20 ESifh 27 Zlvkdif 1945 Arm

jynf uGefjrLepfygwD\ 'kwd,
tMudrfajrmuf ygwDuGef*&uf
usif;yonf/ nDvmcHwGif Arm
jynfueG Nf rLepfygwDudk jyefvnfzUJG
pnf;onf/ ocifp;dk ukd tdraf xmif
a&; jyemaMumifh taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL; &mxl;rS csxm;jyD;
ygwD0iftjzpfrS 2 ESpMf um&yfpx
J m;
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d Ekid if H
a&mufaeaom OD;ode;f az (pma&;
q&mode;f azjrif)h tm; taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpf a&G;aumuf
wifajrm ufonf/
OD;ode;f az
tdE,
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(a';'&J) tm; acwtaxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpf aqmif&u
G f
&eff wm0efay;onf/
ocifwifjr bkHb0rSmjzifh? 'kw,
d
tBudr?f &efuek ?f 1974? wpfoufwm
pmay? pm 813^821/ aemifu;dk um;
vQif ocifwifjr bkHb0rSmjzifh [k
nTef;rnf
q&mrsm;onf jynfolwkdY\pdwf
"mwfoabmw&m;? t,ltqrsm;
ukd jyKjyifay;Ekid o
f rl sm;jzpf vl
i,frsm;\ pdw"f mwfudk jyKjyifjrif
wifonfh oabmw&m;rsm;? wk;d
wufaf om oabmw&m;rsm; a&;
om;&ef arwm&yfco
H nf/ xkYd
aemuf zufqpf*syefwYdkudk awmf
vSefcJhykHESifh jrefrmjynfwkdufyGJrsm;
wGif rsK;d cspjf refrm ppfonfawmf
rsm; yg0ifwu
dk cf u
dk cf yhJ Hk rSww
f rf;
pm&Gurf sm;ukd a0iSonf/
137
oHawmfqifhowif;pm 24-5- 46/
27 Zlvkdif 1945 uvdrif&h pfcsuf aemifu;dk um;vQif oHawmfqifh [keT ;f

tufwvD ( Clement Richard rnf
Altlee)onf t*FvefEi
dk if \
H 0ef
*syefEi
dk if u
H r[mrdwEf idk if w
H Ydk
MuD;csKyf jzpfvmonf/
\cRi;f csurf &dv
S ufeufcs&ef &mZ
rEav;arNrdKUppfowif;/ 28-7-45 oHudk jiif;qko
d nf/
[Colliers, Encyclopedia,VoL 3.
U.S.A, 1981, PP 206-207]
28 Zlvidk f 1945 &efuek Nf rdKU uk,

d hf
rif;uk,
d chf si;f vrf; trSwf 8 jref
rmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m A.v.p vli,f
acgif;aqmifrsm;? ckdifwm0efcH
23 Zlvidk f 1945 jrefrmhtrsK;d om; rsm;? A[kt
d rIaqmifrsm; rsuEf mS pkH
wyfrawmfukd jreffrmrsKd;cspfwyfr nDtpnf;ta0; usi;f yonf/ t
awmf[k trnfajymif;onf/
pnf;ta0;wGif A.v.p ppf0g'ESihf
avmavmq,f vkyif ef;rsm; aqG;
aEG;onf/
26 Zlvidk f 1945 ykYdppf 'rfueG Yfz&ifh jrefrmhtvif; 31-7-45
(Potsdam Conference) usi;f y
ykdYpfp'rfaMunmcsufukd xkwfjyef 29 Zlvkdif 1945 *syefppfwyfu
um *syefEidk if H cRi;f csurf &dS vuf armfvNrdKiaf &wGi;f uke;f &GmrS ausmif;
eufcs&ef awmif;qko
d nf/
tkyMf uD;&mrefEiS hf tazmf 23 OD;wkYd
[SULZBERGER World War II, tm; jAdwo
d Qov
l QK[
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JG mzrf;
P 341]
qD;jyD; armfvNrdKiaf xmifxw
J iG f a&
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NAdwdoQppfbuf tkyfcsKyfa&;
ppfaq;jcif;? xkww
f iG q
f jJG yD; ppf
Xmeu ae0ifr;D jidr;f trdeUf ukd xkwf aq;jcif; tp&do
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jyefonf/
aomenf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh nif;
22 Zlvkdif 1945 Adv

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qef;\tdrfwGif jrefrmhowif;pm
q&mrsm;ESifh pma&;q&mrsm;tm;
vufzuf&nfyGJjzifh {nfhcHonf/
vufzuf&nfyw
JG iG f Akv
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qef;u owif;pmq&mESifhpma&; vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
18
1 0
yrf;ESdyfpufonf/
[SULZBERGER World War II,

P341]
31 Zlvkdif 1945 &ckid w

f idk ;f vk;H
qkdif&mtzGJU acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf
onfh OD;atmifZaH 0 (ppfawG) u
ou Ou| OD;ausm&f if(oHw)JG
wkYdu &ckid w
f idk ;f vk;H qkid &f m tzGUJ ESihf
zwyv qufo,
G yf ;l aygif;&ef
qkH;jzwfonf/
Mo*k w f v
1 Mo*kwf 1945 t"dywd a'guf
wmbarmf OD;pD; rk'u
Hk efawmfMuD;
wGif jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;ESpfywf
vnf atmifyu
JG dk pnfum;oku
d f
jrdKufpGmusif;yonf/
AEKvOD;pdef t*Fvdyfajy;rif; pm 97
19
4 Mo*kwf 1945 yufopfavm

&ifph f (Pethick Lourence) onf
tdE,
d ESihf jrefrmEkid if H qkid &f m
twGi;f 0ef jzpfvmonf/
8 Mo*kwfESifh 9 Mo*kwf 1945

zufqpf wkdufzsufa&; jynfolY
vGwaf &; tzGUJ csKyf\A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ
tpnf;ta0;ukd
usi;f yonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P XLVII] tpnf;ta0;wGif wuJhpnf;vkH;
a&;ukd aqmif&u
G &f efru
l dk qk;H jzwf
yJc;l k;d r azmufxu
G o
f mG ;onfh csrSwfonf/
*syefwyfrsm; ppfawmif;jrpfta&SU aeol&defpmwrf; pm 5
bufurf;okdY a&muf&dSoGm;onf/
Zlvidk f 20 rS Mo*kwf 4 &ufaeY 9 Mo*kwf 1945 tar&duefEidk if H
tMum; yJc;l k;d rrS azmufxu
G v
f m u em*qmuD; Nagasaki NrdKUay:
onfh *syefwyfrsm;rS wyfom; okYd vl0uav; Fat boy trnf&Sd
aygif; 6272 OD;usq;Hk onf/ Mo tEkjrLAkH;BuJcsonf/
*kwv
f rS p ppfawmif;jrpf0rS ;f [SULZBERGER World War II.
wku
d yf JG jyD;qk;H onfEiS t
hf wl jrefrm P 283]
jynfwkdufyGJ jyD;qkH;onf/
&efue
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[Slim Defeat into Victory P 173] vrf; wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;XmecsKyf
wGif tpnf;ta0;usi;f y&m ocif
d af wmfridI ;f u em,u tjzpf
6 Mo*kwf 1945 tar&duefEidk if H uk,
G o
f nf/ tpnf;ta0;
u *syefEidk if H [D&dk ;SD rm; (Hiroshi- aqmif&u
ma)NrdKUay:okYdvi
l ,fuav; Little wGif ocifav;armifu wkYd Armh
d if aH &;aqmif&u
G f
boy trnf&Sd tEkjrLAk;H BuJcsonf/ tpnf;tk;H \ Eki
[SULZBERGER World War II. csufrsm;udk &Sif;vif;ajymjyonf/
P 283]
8 Mo*kwf 1945 qkAd ,

D uf,el D 10 Mo*kwf 1945 *syefuifay
,rfu *syefEidk if t
H m; ppfaMunm wkid t
f zGUJ rS qm*sifar*sm aurkYd pD
onf/
tDEdk iS t
hf jcm; 4 OD;wkYdu rk'NHk rdKU
[SULZBERGER World War II. ta&SUajrmuf rki
dt
f enf;i,ftuGm
P 284]
&dS &Sr;f pkEiS t
hf jcm;wpf&mG rS &Gmom;
20
ckepfO;D udk owfjzwfonf/
;om;t&m&dSrsm;u tkyfcsKyf&efwkdY
[Hom0wDowif;pm16-10-46 aemif yg&dSonf/
uk;d um;vQif [Hom0wD [k Te;f rnf
aeol&defpmwrf; pm 5-6
11 Mo*kwf 1945 jAw

d o
d Q uif; rk'&Hk Sd jrefrmEkid if H ppfajy;tpk;d &
axmufav,mOfysHrsm; rk'jHk rdKUay: t"dywd a'gufwmbarmf\ tdrf
ysH0JMunfhIonf/
tm; r[mrdwaf vwyfrS pufao
AEKvOD;pdef t*Fvdyfajy;rif; pm 97 ewfESifhypf AkH;BuJwkdufckdufonf/
AEKvOD;pdef t*Fvdyfajy;rif; pm
101-102
ocifEk ig;ESpf&moDArmjynf? &efukef
jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmykEH ydS ?f 1946 pm
321-322 ? aemifu;dk um;vQif ocifEk
ig;ESpf&moD [kTef;rnf
12 Mo*kwf 1945 &efuek Nf rdKUwGif

ArmhrsK;d cspw
f yfrawmf wkid ;f rSL;rsm;
tpnf;ta0; usi;f yjyD; wkid ;f jynf
twGuaf Munmpmwrf; ESihf Armh
wyfrawmf\aemifa&;twGuf qk;H
jzwfcsurf sm;ukd a&;qGJ csrw
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onf/ wkid ;f jynftwGuf aMunm
pmwrf;wGif urmppfMuD;jyD;oGm;
aomfvnf; jrefrmhvw
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ta&;awmfykHum; rjyD;ao;onfh
twGuf jrefrmjynforl sm;nDnw
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pGmjzifh zwyvtzGUJ csKyt
f wGi;f 0if
a&muf aqmif&u
G &f ef yg&So
d nf/
Armhwyfrawmf\
aemifa&;
twGuf qk;H jzwfcsuw
f iG f jynfoUl
ajymufMum;rsm;ESihf rsK;d cspAf rmhwyf
rawmfom;rsm;ukd tajccH Armh
wyfrawmfopfzUJG pnf;&ef wkid ;f &if;
om;vlrsK;d rsm;tvku
d f wyf&if;rsm;
zGUJ ,if;wyfrsm;wGif wkid ;f &if
12 ESifh 15 Mo*kwf 1945 zuf

qpfwu
dk zf suaf &;ESihf jynfoUl vGwf
vyfa&; tzGUJ csKyf A[kt
d pnf;
ta0;usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;
wGif jynfoUl pnf;vk;H a&;ukd pkid ;f
jyif;onf/
aeol&defpmwrf; pm 6
14 Mo*kwf 1945 ppfajy;tpk;d &

t"dywda'gufwmbarmfu jrefrm
EkdifiHppfajy;tpkd;& 0efMuD;rsm;ukd
if;\tdro
f Ydkzw
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qkid &f m *syefot
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(Itero Ishii)ay;aompmudk zwfjy
onf/ xkpd mwGif tEkjrLAk;H BuJc&H
jcif;ESihf k&u
S *syefupdk pfaMunm
21
11
ausmfNidrf;
jcif; wkdYaMumifh *syefEkdifiHonf and Freee Burma) aMunmcsuf 19 Mo*kwf 1945 zwyvtzGUJ 'D;,m;rS xkid 0f rfuRr;f okYd av,mOf
vufeufcs&ef pOf;pm;aejyD[kyg xkwfjyefonf/
csKyu
f OD;pD; &efuek Nf rdKUuefawmf jzifh xGucf mG onf/
aeol&defpmwrf; pm 30-35
&dSonf/
MuD;apmif;&dS aeol&ed jf yZmwfw
Hk iG f [Ba Maw Breakthrough in
ocifEk ig;ESpf&moDArmjynfpm 323
jynfolUtpnf;ta0;yGJMuD;wpf&yf Burma.P 406 ]
[Ba Maw Breakthrough in 16 ESifh 18 Mo*kwf 1945 zw usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;yGJMuD;
Burma: Memoirs of Revolution
yvtzGUJ csKyfwnf&m trSwf (8) wGif
24 Mo*kwf 1945 jrefrmEkid if H
1939-1946 London, Yale
uk
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Universitypress 1968 P 403: hereD ef;ykoifwef;ausmif;)wGif zw wkdif;jyKjynfjyKvGwfawmftqkd/
after cited as Ba Maw Break- csy
jynfojl ynfom;wkYd xH o0PfvmT
through in Burma. ]
yv u jrefrmEkid if aH &; acgif; jrefrmwpfEidk if v
H ;Hk nDnw
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aqmifrsm;ukd zdwaf c: Ekid if H
wkYdudk wifoiG ;f qk;H jzwf jrefrmhtvif; 23-6-45
wku
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Mudrf onf/ xkYdaemuf zwyv tzGUJ
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cHonf/
ywfouf jrefrmjynf\ tzGUJ 0if 36 OD;\ trnfpm&if;ukd \ yxrtMudrf tpnf;ta0;ukd
[SULZBERGER World War II.
oabmxm;/
zwfMum;aMunmonf/
&efuek jf rdKU uk,
d rhf if;uk,
d chf si;f vrf;
P 118]
(c) jrefrmh wyfrawmfEiS hf ywf aeol&defpmwrf; pm 35-61
trSwf 8 wGiu
f si;f yonf/ Akv
d f
jrefrmhtvif; (tcsyfykd)21-8-45
oufaom oabmxm;/
csKyfatmifqef;u tpnf;ta0;
15 Mo*kwf 1945 ppfajy;tpk;d & (*) EkdifiH tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh ywf ocifwifjr zufqpfawmfvSefa&; pm
wGif em,utjzpf aqmif&u
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376-398
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[Ba Maw Breakthrough in
ponfwYdkudk aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf wyfrsm;\ ppfaoemywd uDr&l m trIaqmiftjzpf
Burma. P 296-404]
( Lt. General Heitaro Kimura)
onf/
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d t
f cku
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[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 52- tm; twku
eufcs&eff trdefYay;onf/
16 Mo*kwf 1945 zufqpfwu
dk f 53]
Burma in the new world, [Mountbattens Report, P 182] ocifoef;xGef;
zsuaf &; jynfoUl vGwv
f yfa&;tzGUJ [New
P-37]
ocifcspf
csKyfrS urmjh idr;f csrf;a&;ESihf vGwf aeol&defpmwrf; pm 6-8
ocif0wif
vyfaomjrefrmjynf (World Peace *sme,fausmf tkyfwGJopf? twGJ-1? 22 Mo*kwf 1945 ppfajy;tpk;d & OD;ausmfjidrf;
trSw-f 2/ pm 4/ 25-8-45
t"dywd a'gufwmbarmf uarm
22
23
1 2
OD;btkef;
b@ma&;rSL; OD;wif
tzGJU0if
OD;bab
OD;odrf;armif
OD;jr ([oFw)
OD;jr (aysmfb,
G )f
OD;ode;f az(pma&;q&mode;f azjrif)h
ocifnD
OD;b*srf; (u&ifacgif;aqmif)
OD;atmifZHa0 (&ckdifacgif;aqmif)
wkYdudk trsm;oabmwl a&G;
aumufonf/ taxGaxGtwGif;
a&;rSL;ukd trIaqmiftzGUJ rS a&G;
aumuf&ef oabmwlonf/ jref
rmjynf tem*wftyk cf sKyaf &; pnf;
rsOf;qGJ&efESifh EkdifiHjcm;pmcsKyfrsm;
csKyfqkd&ef pDpOfa&;twGuf trI
aqmiftzGUJ ukd zGUJ pnf;onf/ xkYd
jyif b@ma&;ESihf jyefvnfxl
axmifa&;tzGJU trIaqmifrsm;ukd
vnf; cefYtyfzGJUpnf;onf/
26 Mo*kwf 1945 qif;&Jom; uGeYfz&ifw

h ufa&mufrnfh uk,
d pf m;
tusKd;aqmiftzGJU (azzD,ef) vS,rf sm; a&G;cs,&f ef aqG;aEG;
Fabian tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/ onf/ tpnf;ta0;rS uEu
D eG Uf z
*sme,fausmf twG-J 1? trSw-f 7/ pm &ifh wufa&mufrnfh uk,
d pf m;vS,f
24/ 29-9-45
rsm;tjzpf
jrefrmEkid if &H Sd *syefw
f yfrsm;vuf
eufcsa&; oabmwlncD suaf &;qGJ
&eftwGuf *syefppfoMl uD; aw&m
Ocsd (Field Marshal Hisaichi Terauchi )\ uk,
d pf m;vS,f 'kw,
d
Akv
d cf sKyfMuD; 'lrmwm (Lt-Gereral
Takazo Numata )&efue
k o
f Ydk a&muf
&Sdonf/
vnfxGufcGmonf/
29 Mo*kwf 1945 jAw

d o
d Q trSwf
12 wyfrawmf ppfaoemywd Akv
d f
csKyfMuD;pawmhzYdku rsK;d cspAf rmhwyf
rawmf\ ppfaoemywdxH *syef
wkYd udk wku
d cf u
dk &f m rsKd;cspfwyfr
awmfyg0if ulnrD rI sm;twGuf cs;D
MuL;vTmay;ykdYonf/
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;
Akv
d v
f ufsm
Akv
d af Z,s
Akv
d af e0if;
Akv
d af Zmfrif;
(OD;armifarmifausm0f if;)
6/ Akv
d af usmaf Zm
7/ Akv
d af rmifarmif
8/ OD;bab
d Kd xGe;f
a&Tref;atmifpnfpmapmif/ twGJ(1)? 9/ ukn
(&ckid u
f ,
dk pf m;vS,)f
trSw(f 12)? 2-9-45
10/ apmbOD;MuD;
(u&ifu,
dk pf m;vS,)f
27 Mo*kwf 1945 &efuek Nf rdKUwGif
tm&Sta&SUawmifykdif; r[mrdwf 11/ ocifoef;xGe;f
f rIaqmif
ppfXmecsKyf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh z,q.y.vtzGUJ csKyf tvkyt
rs
m
;tpnf
;
ta0;rS
w
w
f
rf
;
(1945-46)
'kw,
d Akv
d cf sKyfMuD; 'lrmwmacgif;
a&;rl/ 27-8-45/ pm 1-2/ aemif
aqmifonfh *syefvufeufcsa&; vuf
uk;d um;vQif zqyv tpnf;ta0;
uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm; vufrw
S af &; rSwfwrf; [kneT ;f rnf
xk;d onft
h crf;tem; usi;f yonf/
28 Mo*kwf 1945 jrefrmEkid if o
H Ydk
vufeufcsa&; aphpyf&ef a&muf
&dv
S maom *syef'w
k ,
d Akv
d cf sKyMf uD;
zqyvtzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrI
'lrmwm acgif;aqmifonfh uk,
d f
aqmiftpnf;ta0; usi;f y Armh
pm;vS,t
f zGUJ &efuek Nf rdKUrS jyef
wyfrawmfta&;aqG;aEG;&ef uED
*sme,fausmf twG-J 1? trSw-f 3/ pm
13/ 1-9-45
vlxOk ;D vS ppftwGif;Armjynf(p) pm
287-288
z.q.y.v A[kdOD;pD;tvkyftrIaqmif
rsm;tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;/vufa&;rl/
25-8-45/ DR 662/ PP 31-35 /aemif
uk;d um;vQif zqyvA[kdOD;pD;tpnf;
ta0;rSwfwrf; [kTef;rnf
24
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
&efuek Nf rdKUawmfcef;rwGif ta&SU

wkid ;f ESihf taemufwidk ;f ppfwidk ;f
MuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0; usi;f y&m
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; wufa&muf
rdefYcGef;ajymMum;onf/
Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef; bm;rm;csUJ vif (w
wd,tMudr)f / &efuek /f EG,ef yD EHk ydS /f 19
74/ pm 13-64/ aemifu;dk um;vQif
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef; bm;rm;csJUvif [k
Tef;rnf
wkYdArmtpnf;tk;H tvkyt
f rI
aqmiftpnf;ta0; usi;f yjyD; qk;H
jzwfcsuf ESp&f yfudk twnfjyK
onf/ xkq
d ;Hk jzwfcsuf ESp&f yfrmS
1/ jrefrmjynfwiG f ckEpS Mf umrQ tkyf
pk;d oGm;aom *syefwYdk xkwcf hJ
onfhaiGpuLrsm;onf jrefrm
25
13
ausmfNidrf;
wkYd \acR;ESihf &if;ES;D &aom aiG

puLrsm; jrefrmwkYd\ ukef
ypnf;rsm;udk a&mif;csvkduf&
aom aiGpuLrsm; jzpfaom
aMumifh r[mrdwf vufeuf
EkdifiHMuD;rsm;u xkdaiGpuLrsm;
twGuf *syefx
f rH S avQmaf Mu;
awmif;cHay;&ef wku
d w
f eG ;f EI;d
aqmfaMumif;/
2/ Ekid if aH ygif;csKyf
u,fq,f
axmufyahH &;ESihf jyefvnfxl
axmifa&;tzGUJ wGif jrefrmtrsK;d
om; uk,
d pf m;vS,w
f pfa,muf
ukd wpfo;D wpfjcm;todtrSwf
jyKyg0ifcGifhjyKap&ef r[mrdwf
Ekid if MH uD; wkYdtm; wku
d w
f eG ;f
aMumif;/
*sme,fausmftwG-J 1? trSw-f 4/ pm
4/ 8-9-45
a&Tref;atmifpnf pmapmif? twG-J 1?
trSw-f 13/ pm / 9-9-45
puf w if b mv
1 pufwifbm 1945 zwyv
XmecsKyfwGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
ESihf owif;pmq&mrsm; awGUqkyH JG
jyKvkyfonf/ xkdokdYawGUqkH&mwGif
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u zwyv
vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ywfoufowif;
OD;vQifjyD;a&m oabmrsKd;jzifh a&;
1 4
om;jcif; rjyKvyk Mf u&ef aemuf

tzkYw
d iG f
owif;pmq&mrsm;
tpnf;ta0; usi;f yjyD; xkwjf yef
oifo
h nfh owif;rsm;ukd xkwjf yef
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? owif;wpf
pkw
H pf&m r&ygu zwyv wm0ef
cHxH vma&muf pkpH rf;jyD;rS xnfh
oGif;azmfjyoifhaMumif;/ zwyv
onf Ekid if t
H usK;d twGuf pDpOfvyk f
ukdifaeaomtcgjzpf owif;pm
rsm;u Ekid if t
H usK;d twGuf pnf;
apmifhMu&ef ajymMum;onf/
csKyfukd vufrSwfa&;xkd;onf/
[SULZBERGER World War II.
P 286]
3 pufwifbm 1945 *syefwyf

qkwcf mG &mygoGm;onfh *syefacwf
tpk;d &tzGUJ 0if0efMuD;OD;EkEiS hf ausmif;
om;or*Ou|a[mif; OD;vSarmif
wkYd &efuek o
f Ydk jyefvnfa&muf &dS
vmonf/
jrefrmhtvif; 2-9-45
'D;'kwf*sme,f twG(J 19)? trSw(f 5)?
10-9-45
jrefrmhtvif; 2-9-45
H ;Hk qkid &f m trsK;d

jynfoUl vGwv
f yfa&; (qk&d ,
S f jrefrmEkid if v
f yfa&;tzGUJ csKyf zGUJ pnf;
vpfygwD) jrefrmjynfudk twd orD;vGwv
tvif; pwifwnfaxmifonf/ &ef yPmrtpnf;ta0;udk &ef
f rf;)
Ou|ocifjr\ trSmpm OD;AaqG ukejf rdKU y'krm vrf; (bmh'v
qkd&S,fvpfjrefrmjynfxlaxmifavmh trSwf 81 wGif usif;yonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;
f yfa&;
2 pufwifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H qkid &f m trsK;d orD; vGwv
f dk zGUJ pnf;onf/ &nf&,
G f
vk;H qkid &f m qif;&Jom;0HomEktzGUJ tzGUJ csKyu
tpnf;ta0ukd usi;f y &efuek f csufrsm;rSm
ckid Ef iS hf jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f mqif; 1/ trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; pnf;kH;
vlrsK;d wpfrsK;d vk;H vGwv
f yf
&Jom; 0HomEk tzGUJ csKyMf uD; jyef
a&;? jidr;f csr;f a&;ESihf wk;d wuf
vnfxlaxmif&ef qkH;jzwfonf/
a&; vkyif ef;rsm;ukd 0ifa&muf
jrefrmhtvif; 6-9-45
aqmif&Guf&ef/
*syefyifv,fauGU tufpt
f ufpf 2/ trsK;d orD;rsm;\ w&m;0if
tcGit
hf a&;rsm; &,l&ef/
rpfZ&l D (S.S. Missouri) oabFm
ay:wGif *syefvufeufcsa&; pm 3/ trsK;d orD;rsm;tm; pnf;k;H
aqmif&u
G rf w
I iG f avhusifah y;
&ef/
4/ trsKd;orD;rsm; vlrIvkyfief;
aqmif&Gufvkdpdwf &ifhoefap
&efwYdk twGuf jzpfonf/
xkYdaemuf trIaqmiftzGUJ
0ifrsm;tjzpf
Ou| a':cifcifMuD;
'kw,
d Ou| a':cifMuD;
'kw,
d Ou| a':cifMunf
twGif;a&;rSL; a':cifMunfMunf
ESit
fh zGUJ 0if 18 OD; wkYdtm;cefYtyf
onf/
*sme,fausmftyk w
f o
JG pf(1)? trSw(f 4)
pm 3/ 8-9-45
'D;'kwf*sme,f? wG(J 19)? trSw(f 5)? pm
32/ 10-9-45
vlxkOD;vS ppftwGif;pArmjynf(p)
pm 24-25
wuov
dk Mf unfrm jrefrmtrsKd;orD;
avmu? &efukef/ pmayAdrmefykHESdyf/
1975/ pm 56-57/ aemifu;dk um;vQif
wuov
dk Mf unfrf mjrefrmtrsK;d orD;avm
u [keT ;f rnf
4 pufwifbm 1945 jrefrmuk,

d f
pm;vS,t
f zGUJ onf wyfrawmfa&;
&maqG;aEG;&ef oD[Vdk u
f Ref; (oD&d
vuFmEkid if )H uEjD rdKUokYd uv
uwm;rS wpfqifh oGm;a&muf
onf/ jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU
wGif wyfrawmfu,
dk pf m;vS,f 7
OD; (Akv
d af tmifqef;? Akv
d v
f ufsm?
Akv
d af e0if;? Akv
d af Z,s? Akv
d af usmf
aZm? Akv
d af rmifarmif? Akv
d af Zmfrif;)
ajymufMum;uk,
d pf m;vS,f 2 OD;
(ukn
d Kx
d eG ;f ?
ocifoef;xGe;f )
trsK;d om;uk,
d pf m;vS,f 2 OD; (OD;
bab? apmbOD;Mu;D wkYd yg0if
onf/
qif;&Jom; tusK;d aqmiftzGUJ

Fabian tpnf;ta0; usi;f y
&nf&G,fcsufESifh vkyfief;pOfwkdYudk
xkwfjyefonf/ xkdYaemuf,m,D
tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ ukd zGUJ onf/
twGi;f a&;rSL;rsm;tjzpf OD;om'if
ESihf OD;tke;f jrifw
h Ydkudk cefYtyfonf/
24/ 29-9-45
jrefrmhtvif; 5-9-45
*sme,fausmf tkyfwGJopf? twGJ-1?
trSw-f 4/ pm 25/ 8-9-45
7 pufwifbm 1945 tm&Sta&SU

awmifyidk ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyf armifh
bufwefESifh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;?
Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;? ocifoef; ocifoef;xGe;f wkYd uEo
D abmwl
xGef;?AkdvfvusfmwkdY uvuwm; nDcsufudk vufrw
S af &;xk;d onf/
jrdKUwGif OD;ode;f azESihf awGUqkaH qG; [Mountbattens Report,P 206]
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 456aEG;onf/
ode;f azjrifh ppfwGif;c&D;onf pwkw
tMudrf? &efukef/ yk*HpmtkyfwkdufESifh
ukrm&ykEH ydS w
f u
dk ?f 1968/ pm 396/
aemifu;dk um;vQif ode;f azjrifh ppf
twGif;c&D;onf [kTef;rnf

awmifyidk ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyf armifh
bufwefEiS hf jrefrmuk,
d pf m;vS,f
tzGUJ jrefrmwyfrawmfa&;&m aqG;
aEG;yGJ pwifusif;yonf/
459]
tm&Sta&SUawmifyidk ;f ppfaoem
ywdcsKyf armifb
h ufwefu Akv
d f
csKyfatmifqef;tm; jrefrmhwyfr
awmfwiG f 'kw,
d ppfaq;a&; t&m
&dcS sKyf (Deputy Inspector General)
&mxl;wGif Akv
d cf sKyftqifh vpm
3800 jzihf cefYtyf&ef if;tqkjd yK
xm;onfudk NAw
d o
d Q tpk;d &u
oabmwlaMumif; jyefMum;xm;
onfukd AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;tm;
today;onf/
h ufwefxH awmifyidk ;f a'o

uEu
D eG zf &ifh wufco
hJ nfh jref armifb
rmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU &efukefjrdKU &dS *syefwyfrf sm; vufeufcsonfh
vufrf w
S af &;xk;d yGJ tcrf;tem;
okdY jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/
*sme,fausmftyk w
f o
JG pf-1? trSw-f 5/ usif;yonf/
pm 4/ 15-9-45

awmifyidk ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyfarmifh
bufwefu r[mrdwpf pfO;D pD;csKyf
rsm;xH jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qma':
refprpfoYkd jrdKUjya&;&mtkycf sKyfa&;
wm0efrsm; vTaJ jymif;rnfu
h pd t
m;
tpD&ifcHonf/
NAw
d o
d Q ppfbufqidk &f m tkycf sKyf
a&;Xme jrefrmjynfrS *syefaiGpuL
rsm;ESifhywfouf aMunmcsuf
xkwfjyefonf/ *syefaiGpuLrsm;
onf w&m;Oya't& ok;H pGEJ idk f
aom aiGpuLr[kwaf Mumif;? *syef
aiGpuLwkYdtm; jrefrmjynfNAdwo
d Q
ppfbufqidk &f m tkycf sKyfa&;Xmeu
aomfvnf;aumif;? jrefrmjynf&dS
r[mrdwf wyfrawmfrsm;uaomf
vnf;aumif;?
vufcv
H rd rhf nf
r[kwaf Mumif;/ xkYdjyif jrefrmjynf
tpk;d & jyefvnfqu
dk af &mufvmyg
uvnf; vufcv
H rd rhf nf r[kwf
aMumif; *syefaiGpuLrsm;wGif eH
ygwfryg tcsn;f ES;D oufoufom
jzpfonf[k yg&do
S nf/
10 pufwifbm 1945 zufqpf

wku
d zf suaf &;tzGUJ csKyfwiG f owif;
pmq&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;yGJusif;
yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Akv
d f
csKyfatmifqef;ESifh OD;babwkdYu
jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU oD[dkVf
EkdifiH uEDNrdKUokdYoGm;a&mufcJhonfh
taMumif;rsm;ukd c&D;pOfESifhwuG
13 pufwifbm 1945 &efuek f
&Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/
jrdKU tpk;d &tdraf wmf jrefrmjynf&Sd
*syefppfwyfrsm;\ aoemywd 'k
12 pufwifbm 1945 puFmyl wd,Akv
d cf sKyfMuD; uDr&l m\ vuf
jrdKU jrLeDpyD ,fcef;rMuD;wGif tm&S atmuft&m&dS Akv
d cf sKyf tdcs'd g;ESihf
ta&SUawmifyidk ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyf jrefrmjynf&dS jAdwdoQtrSwf 12
15
ausmfNidrf;
wyfrawmfrS AkdvfcsKyfMuD;pawmhzkdY
\ppfOD;pD;t&m&dScsKyf AkdvfrSL;csKyf
trf;pxa&mif;onf ta&SUtm&S
awmifyidk ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyfu,
dk f
pm; jrefrmjynfe,ferdwt
f wGi;f &dS
*syefvufeufukdif Munf;? a&?
av wyfrsm; vufeufcs ppf&yf
pJ&ef pmcsKyfukd vufrw
S af &;xk;d
onf/
vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
20-25
[A Chronology of Burmas International Relation ,1945-58, P
1, hereafter cited as A Chronology of Burmas International
Relation.]
14 pufwifbm 1945 zwyv

tzGUJ csKyf A[kd tvkyt
f rIaqmif
tpnf;ta0;wGif uEDukd,fpm;
vS,t
f zGUJ \ tpD&ifcpH mudk Mum;
emaqG;aEG;onf/ zwyv tzGUJ
csKyf A[kdtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu
ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJUonf jrefrmh
wyfrawmfEiS yhf wfouf auseyf
avmufaom oabmwlncD suf&
&daS tmif aqmif&u
G Ef idk Mf uonfh
twGuf aus;Zl;wifaMumif; rSwf
wrf;wif&ef qk;H jzwfonf/
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf; pm
4-5/ 14-9-45
1 6
uEDuGefz&ifhtpD&ifcHpm DR 269/
DR 662
16 pufwifbm 1945 ocifp;dk

tdE,
d Ekid if H uvuwm;jrdKU&dS OD;
ode;f az&d&S m bD[mvmpcef; okYd
a&muf&dSonf/
ode;f azjrifh ppftwGif;c&D;onf pm
399
&efuek Nf rdKU tk&d ,

D rfw,fuvyf
(uefawmfrdwfobif) wGif ppf
atmifyJG npmpm;yGJ usi;f yonf/
npmpm;yGJwGif tm&Sta&SUawmif
ykid ;f r[mrdwf ppfaoemywdcsKyf
armifb
h ufwefu *syefwyfwYdktm;
rsKd;cspfjrefrmhwyfrawmfu yg0if
wkdufckdufrIukd csD;usL;pum;ajym
Mum;onf/ xkjd yif rsKd;cspfjrefrmh
wyfrawmftm; opmazmufaom
ppfwyf[k ac:a0:ok;H pGjJ cif; rjyK
&ef trdeYf xw
k cf ahJ Mumif;ESihf if;
taeESihf jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;tay: ,kH
Munf tm;uk;d cJjh cif;rSm rSeu
f efchJ
aMumif; ajymMum;onf/ rsK;d cspf
jrefrmhwyfrawmfrS Akv
d cf sKyfatmif
qef;u rsKd;cspffjrefrmhwyfrawmf
ukd,fpm; *syefppfAkdvfwpfOD;xHrS
odr;f qnf;&&dv
S u
dk af om *syef"m;
&SnMf uD;ukd armifb
h ufweftm;ay;
tyfonf/
72-73
20 pufwifbm 1945 &efukef

jrdKU uk,
d rhf if;uk,
d cf si;f vrf; trSwf
8 wGif jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m vl
17 pufwifbm 1945 &efuek f i,frsm;tpnf;tkH; zGifhyGJusif;y
jrdKU y'krm vrf; trSwf 81 a':cif onf/
cifMuD;aetdrw
f iG f jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk jrefrmhtvif; 21-9-45
qkid &f m trsK;d orD; vGwv
f yfa&;
tzGUJ csKyf tpnf;ta0; usi;f y 22 pufwifbm 1945 zwyv
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif pufwif A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ u jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH
bm 23 &ufaeYwiG f trsK;d orD;rsm; qma':refprpfxH
\ NrdKUvk;H uRwt
f pnf;ta0; ac: 1/ Ekid if jH cm;a&;
,l&efEiS hf wifoiG ;f rnft
h qkrd sm;ukd 2/ umuG,af &;
qkH;jzwfonf/
3/ tzGUJ csKyrf S axmufco
H u
l dk trI
vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm aqmifceffY&ef
80-81
4/ uufbed uf tpk;d & taejzifh
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PP-63-68]
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168-169^187
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[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 492apmbOD;MuD;
497]
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144-147
135
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134
135
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154-155
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P-73-76]
149
OD;ode;f az tdE,
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18 atmufwkdbm 1945 zwy

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153-154
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163-167
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168
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23 atmufwkdbm 1945 rsK;d cspf

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155-156
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179
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182-183
2 0

P-86-87]
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184-185
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P-91-93]
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a&;rSL;\tpD&ifcHpm pm16
184-185

jrefrmwyfrawmf ppfaoemywd
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;onf Ekid if aH &;
bufwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u
G &f ef qk;H
jzwfvkdufjyD; rsKd;cspfjrefrmwyfr
awmf\ ppfaoemywd &mxl;rS
EIwfxGufvkdufjyD[k jrefrmtoH
vTifhXmeowif;wGif azmfjyonf/
zwyvXmecsKyf Ou|Akv
d f
csKyfatmifqef;? twGif;a&;rSL;
ocifoef;xGef;wkdYESifh owif;pm
q&mrsm; tpnf;ta0; usif;y
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Ou|ESihf
twGif;a&;rSL;u jzpfay:cJhaom
Ekid if aH &;tajctaersm;udk tao;
pdw&f iS ;f jyonf/ xkYd aemuf zwy
v tzGJUcsKyf a&SUvkyfief;pOfrsm;
tjzpf pnf;vk;H nDnw
G af &;? jrefrm
jynf\tajctaerSefukd t*Fvef
jynforl sm; od&aSd &;ESihf jynforl sm;
H zwyv\ awmif;qkd
oufomacsmifcsda&;wkYd udk aqmif bk&ifcu
f dk rvku
d af vsm 0rf;enf;
&Gufrnf jzpfaMumif; ajymMum; csuu
aMumif;? zwyv\ qk;H jzwfcsuf
onf/
ukd rdrw
d Ydk tzGUJ taeESihf axmufcH
aMumif;? tjcm;Ekid if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;
*syefacwf jrefrmtpk;d &tzGUJ 0if
omoema&;ESihf jyefvnxlaxmif rsm;tm;vk;H zwyvESihf a&S;u
dk aoG;pnf;&ef arwm&yfcH
a&;0efMuD; AEKvOD;pdef ,k;d ',m; xufy
Ekid if rH S &efuek o
f Ydk jyefvnfa&muf aMumif;qkH;jzwfonf/
&dSonf/
189-190
*sme,fausmf? twG-J 1? trSw-f 12/

pm 25/ 3-11-45

vtzGUJ csKyf tvkyt
f rIaqmiftxl;
tpnf;ta0;usi;f y vuf&ESd idk if H
a&; tajctaersm;udk aqG;aEG;
onf/ xkYdaemufjrefrmEkid if v
H uf&Sd
Ekid if aH &;tajctaersm;udk owif;
pmq&mrsm;tm; &Si;f jy&efEiS jhf ynf
olrsm;od&dSatmif jynfolUtpnf;
ta0;rsm; usi;f yjyD; &Si;f vif;ajym
Mum;&ef qk;H jzwfonfh aMunm
csufwpf&yff xkwfjyefonf/

v tzGUJ csKyfwiG f Akv
d cf sKyfatmif
qef;u owif;pmq&mrsm;ESihf
tpnf;ta0;usif;yjyD; zwyv
tzGJUcsKyfonf pnf;vkH;nDnGwfpGm
jzifh tjyiftyrSaejyD; worwf
wnf;aqmif&Gufrnf jzpfaMumif;
ajymMum;jyD; vuf&ESd idk if aH &;tajc
taersm;udk owif;pmq&mrsm;
tm; &Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/
189

ygwDacgif;aqmifMuD;rsm; tpnf;
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf; pm ta0;usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;
wGif zwyvtzGUJ csKyftwGi;f 0if
26
a&mufaqmif&GufaeMuaom rsKd;
azbd,eftzGUJ OD;pD;tpnf;ta0;
cspfacgif;aqmifrsm;u ,aeUrS
usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif p qufvufaqmif&Gufjcif;rS
PP 80-83]
&yfp&J ef qk;H jzwfonf/ rsK;d cspt

f zGUJ
0if OD;at;ESihf OD;btke;f wkYdu z
wyvtzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;xH
zwyvrS EIwx
f u
G pf mrsm; ay;ykYd
onf/
zwyvtzGUJ csKyfu tpk;d &\

]]jynfoUl vGwv
f yfa&;tzGUJ csKyf ESihf
bk&ifcH aphpyf&bJ &dcS jhJ cif;ESihf
ywfouf &Si;f vif;csu}f } ESihf pyf
vsOf; ]]zwyvtzGJUcsKyf\acsy
csuf}} The Leagues Rejoinder
xkwfjyefaMunmonf/
jrefrmjynfvkH;qkdif&m rsKd;cspf
tzGJUrsm;\Ou| OD;jr([oFmw) PP 83-85]
u zwyvtzGUJ csKyfOu|xH tpD
&ifcHpmay;ykdYonf/ tpD&ifcHpm atmufwkdbm 1945 jrefrmEkdifiH
wGif rsKd;cspftzGUJ acgif;aqmifrsm; u&ifvil ,frsm;tpnf;tk;H Karu rsK;d cspt
f zGUJ ukd zwyvrS EIwf en Youth Organization ukzd UJG pnf;
xGu&f ef wku
d w
f eG ;f aMumif;/ if; onf/
u rxGuv
f adk Mumif;? xkyd *k Kd vrf sm; [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 462]
oabmuGJvGJygu rsKd;cspftzGJUrS
EIwx
f u
G rf nfjzpfaMumif; zwyv Ek d 0 if b mv
tzGUJ rS if;u wpfo;D yk*v
tae
jzifh vufcyH gu qufvufaqmif 1 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H
&Gurf nf[k yg&do
S nf/
bk&ifcH qma':refprpfu bk&ifcH
OD;jrxHrS z.w.y.vtzGJUcsKyfxH tpD \ trIaqmifaumifpt
D zGUJ (0ef
&ifcHpm 30atmufwkdbm1945
MuD;tzGUJ ) ukcd efYtyfonf/ tzGUJ 0if
rsm;rSm
31 atmufwkdbm 1945 jrefrm qmay:xGef; jynfxaJ &;? Ekid if aH &;
Ekid if t
H pk;d &u zwyvESihf bk&ifcH ESihf w&m;a&; Xme/
aphpyfr&bJ&cSd jhJ cif;ESihf ywfouf qmxGef;atmifausmf b@ma&;
&Si;f vif;csuu
f dk xkwjf yefonf/ ESihf tcGeaf wmfXme
OD;yk v,f,m pku
d yf sK;d a&;ESihf aus;
P-106]
*sme,fausmf? twG-J 2? trSw-f 1/ pm vufawm&Gmpnfyifa&;Xme
6/ 10-11-45
OD;at; ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifh
&dumXme
21
ausmfNidrf;
OD;btke;f OD;&efatmif ynma&;Xme

ref;bcif aygif;oif;qufqaH &;
ESihf MuD;yGm;a&;Xme
OD;vGef; vrf;yef;taqmuftODEiS hf
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;Xme
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EkdifiHjcm;a&;Xme
rpwmyD;,m;pf awmifwef;e,f
tkyfcsKyfa&;
&efuek Nf rdKU A[ef; a&wm&Snf

vrf; trSwf 69 wkYdArmtpnf;
tkH;XmecsKyfwGif owif;pmq&m
rsm; tpnf;ta0;usif;yonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif z.w.y.vtzGJU
csKyfoYdk wkYd Armtpnf;tk;H rS ay;
ykYd vu
dk af om tzGUJ csKyfEiS hf ylaygif;
&ef kwfodrf;vkdufaMumif;pmukd
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onf/
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dk a&pD0g't& vk;H 0uk,
d f
ykid t
f yk cf sKyfa&;ukd tjrefq;Hk jzpfEidk f
onft
h csed w
f iG f &&daS tmif aqmif
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4 Ek0d ifbm 1945 &efuek Nf rKd U wm

arG usKu
d q
v
H rf; trSwf 225 wGif
Ou| 'D;'kwOf ;D bcsKd

'kw,
d Ou| OD;uku
d Mdk uD; (0efMuD;
a[mif;)
3 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
bk&ifc\
H trIaqmif(0efMuD;) tzGUJ ocifvGif
usrf;opmusdefqkdonf/
'kwd, taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
ocifvSauR
b@ma&;rSL; OD;wifneG Uf
zwyv OD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;jzpf
ocifvaS uR 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdESifhtvkyf
aom 'D;'kwOf ;D bcsK?d ocifcsp?f OD; orm; nDnGwfa&;? pm 20-21
odef;azwkdYu zwyvXmecsKyfokdY
owif;pmq&mrsm;tm; zdwfac: 5 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H
jrefrmEkid if aH &; tajctaersm; bk&ifc\
H trIaqmifaumifpD (0ef
&Sif;vif;onf/ zwyvtaejzifh MuD;) tzGUJ tpnf;ta0; usi;f y
wkid ;f jynf jyefvnf xlaxmifa&;? onf/
jynfolrsm; oufomacsmifcsda&;? [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P XLVII]
a&G;aumufyGJaqmvsifpGm usif;y
Ekid af &;? Ekid if aH wmf jidr0f yfyjd ym;a&;? 6 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H
paomudpr sm;udkom qufvuf bk&ifc\
aqmif&u
G o
f mG ;rnf
jzpfonfh MuD;) tzGUJ 0ifrsm; jzpfMuaom qm
tjyif tpk;d &u if;wkYd tultnD ay:xGe;f ? qmxGe;f atmifausm?f OD;
tvk&d u
Sd tjyiftyrSae Ekid if H yk? OD;at;? OD;btke;f ? OD;&efatmif?
tusK;d iSm tpGr;f ukef ulnaD qmif OD;vGe;f ESihf ref;bcifwYdku trI
&Guo
f mG ;&ef toif&h aSd Mumif; ajym aqmiftzGUJ pnf;rsO;f 0g'ukd xkwf
Mum;onf/
azmfaMunmonf/
10 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H

bk&ifc\
H tpnf;ta0; cef;r
jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH a':refprpfu
owif;pq&mrsm;ESihf awGUqkaH qG;
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bk&ifcH\trIaqmif aumifpDukd
rdro
d abmtwkid ;f zGUJ pnf;xm;jcif;
jzpfaMumif;/ rdro
d nf puLjzLpm
wrf;t& jrefrmEkid if H jyefvnfxl
axmifa&; pDru
H ed ;f udk txajrmuf
atmifaqmif&u
G o
f mG ;rnf[k aMu
nmonf/
/ 17-11-45
14 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H

twGif;0efcsKyfu jAdwdoQtpkd;&
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;0efxH pmwpf
apmifa&;om;ay;ykdYonf/ xkdpm
wGif 1942 ckEpS u
f *syefwyfr
awmfEiS hf jrefrmhvw
G v
f yfa&;wyfr
awmf rkwr rS oxk;H okYd csw
D ufvm
pOf oxkcH kid f aygifNrdKUe,f oJjzL
199
acsmif;&Gm (oxkrH S 33 rkid u
f mG ) ol
MuD; tA'&l m&Spf (A bdul Rashid)
2 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jAdwdoQygvD
tm; oxkaH bmvk;H uGi;f twGi;f
refatmufvTwfawmfwGif tdEd,
owfjzwfrw
I iG f Akv
d cf sKyfatmif
jynfEiS hf jrefrmjynfqidk &f m twGi;f
vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm qef;yg0if ywfoufaeaMumif;
0ef rpwm tmom[if'gqifu 200
204-205
azmfjyxm;onf/
jrefrmjynftm; pnf;urf; use
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 522 2
538-539/ 728]
15 Ekd0ifbm 1945 om,m0wD

OD;armifarmifonf bk&ifcH\trI
aqmif aumifpDwGif o,f,lykdY
aqmifa&;eSifh qufoG,fa&;0ef
MuD;Xme 0efMuD;tjzpf cefYtyfc&H
onf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P LI]
18 Ek0d ifbm 1945 zwyvtzGUJ

csKyfrS MuD;rSL; a&Tw*d aHk pwDawmf
tv,fyp,w
H iG f jrefrmjynfjref
rmvlrsKd;wkdY\ qEukdjyoaom
jynfoUl tiftm;jyyGMJ uD;ukd usif;y
onf/ jynfolUtpnf;ta0;wGif
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u Ou|tjzpf
aqmif&Guf ocifoef;xGef;u
twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&Guf
onf/ ,aeYjynfoUl tpnf;ta0;
MuD;ac:,l&jcif;rSm Mo*kwf 19
&ufaeYu usi;f ycJah om aeol&ed f
jynfoUl tpnf;ta0;MuD; qk;H jzwf
csuftwkid ;f jynfoUl vGwv
f yfa&;
tzGJUcsKyfMuD;u aqmif&GufcJhonf
rsm;ukd tpD&ifc&H efEiS hf a&SUvkyif ef;
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aMumif;/ txl;ojzifh jynfoUl
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h nf
ukd aqG;aEG;&efyif jzpfaMumif;? jref
rmwyfrawmfudpE Sifh ywfouf
jrefrmwyfrawmf qufvufwnf
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twGuf pGr;f tm;&do
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\ ppfa&;vkyif ef;rsm;onf jyD;qk;H
cJjh yD? jrefrmwyfrawmfonf wm0ef
auscJhjyD jzpfaMumif;/ ,cktcg
wyfrawmftjyifbuf&dS EkdifiHa&;
orm;rsm;ESihf wkid ;f oljynfom;rsm;
u use&f aSd eao;aom vGwv
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pGm aqmif&GufvkdonfhtaMumif;
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7^8-24^24-42
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11
Armhacwfowif;pm 21-11-45
24 Ekd0ifbm 1945 zwyvtzGUJ

csKyfOD;pD;tzGJU tvkyftrIaqmif
tpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/
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4/ zwyv\ EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m
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23
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OD;a&rSm use;f rma&;aq;ppfatmif
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aeaMumif; ajymMum;onf/
4 'DZifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H qm

a':refprpf rEav;jrdKUukd vSnhf
vnfMunfh o
I nf/ bk&ifcrH Eav;
jrdKUwGif ajymMum;aom rdeYfceG ;f wGif
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vkyfief;rsm;twGuf &efykHaiGxnhf
0ifvSL'gef;&ef wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf
onf/
315
14 'DZifbm 1945 AkdvfcsKyf

atmifqef;tm; ku
d w
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Mum;onf/
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OD;yk Ou|tjzpf aqmif&u
G af om
rJqEay;cGihf pkpH rf;a&;aumfrwD zGUJ 7 ESifh 13 'DZifbm 1945 Auy
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onf/
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oef;xGef;zufqpfuRefb0rS vGwf
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1946/ pm/ aemifu;dk um;vQif oef;
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1 'DZifbm 1945 Akv

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qef; ppfaoemywdtjzpf OD;pD;
jynfolU&JabmftzGJU(Peoples Voljrefrmhtvif; 28-11-45
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;(1945 unteer Organization) ukz
d UJG pnf;
-46) pm
13 'DZifbm 1945 ywyv tzGUJ
wnfaxmifonf/
jynfolU&JabmftzGJUcsKyf
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27 Ekd0ifbm 1945 NAdwo
d Q csufESifhvkyfief;pOf/ &efuek /f jynfoUl tzGUJ csKyf\ trnftwkad umufudk
trSwf 12 wyfrMu;D \ acw &JabmftzGUJ csKyf(jrefrmEkid if )H ykEH ydS /f ckEpS f zqyv[k ac:&eftwnfjyK qk;H
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W Symes) u uEo
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zqyvtzGUJ csKyf Ou|Akv
d cf sKyf
opfwiG f rsK;d cspw
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atmifqef;u jrefrmjynfow
l Ydk
2 4
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 568]
15 'DZifbm 1945 zqyvtzGUJ

csKyfukd,fpm;vS,rsm; jrefrmEkdifiH
bk&ifcHESifh awGUqkH&m zqyv
uk,
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17 'DZifbm 1945 zqyvtzGJU a&G;&efoabmwl qkH;jzwfonf/ 46) pm 39-42
csKyfOu|AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(194528 'DZifbm 1945 zqyvA[kd
46)
pm
37-38
tar&duef orw xl;rif;xH
OD;pD;tzGJU\ vpOftpnf;ta0;yGJ
vufatmufcH Ekid if u
H av;rsm;\
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d pf m;vS,rf sm;u jrefrmh em,u Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;u Ekid f
uef orw xkwjf yefaMunmcJh csKyfrS uk,
onfh tar&duefjynfaxmifpk ta&;udk bdvyfoYdkomG ; ta&; iHa&;tajctaersm;udk &Sif;vif;
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0g't& OD;pD;acgif; qk&d eftwGuf &efyaHk iG 2 ode;f ukd ajymMum;jyD; wkid ;f jynfu zqyv
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dk a&pDenf;t&
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vl
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wGif OD;bab? OD;ausmjf idr;f ? OD;ndK aqmiftzGUJ u jyefwrf;xkwjf yef axGtpD&ifcHpmukd zwfMum;wif
d zf suaf &; jynfoUl
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cHu t*FvefoYdk zqyvuk,
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h aMumif; tpD
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vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm &ifcHpm? aiGESpfodef;aumufcHjcif;
oQtpkd;&u vG,fvG,fululESifh 263
tpD&ifcpH m? b@ma&;&Si;f wrf;ESihf
oabmwlrnf rxifaMumif;/ c&D; 27 'DZifbm 1945 zqyvtzGUJ Ekid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m nDvmcHupd r sm;ukd
oGm;&ef oabFm av,OfysH tp&dS csKyftrIaqmiftpnf;ta0; usif; aqG;aEG; twnfjyKonf/
onfw
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f v
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uk,
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jAdwo
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h cg aqmif&u
G &f ef 265^270-2
awmif;pmukd ay;vQif if;uykYday; vkt
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bk&ifcH qma':refprpfxH pmwpf

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vuk,
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EkdifiHa&;tajcjy/('kw,
d tMudr)f / &ef
uke/f jynfawmfusuo
f a&ykEH ydS /f 1978/
pm 204-205/ aemifu;dk um;vQif aZ
,smarmifpuLjzLjyZmwf[kTef;rnf

csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ vpOf tpnf;
ta0; 'kw,
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a&G;&eftwGuf EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mnD
vmcHoYdk a&GUqkid ;f vku
d jf yD; bdvyf
oGm; uk,
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pnf;rsO;f pDpOfa&;qG&J ef wm0ef
ay;tyfonf/ xkdYaemuf ta&SU
wkid ;f nDvmcHobifupd u
dk tvkyf
25
ausmfNidrf;
trIaqmiftzGUJ rS pDr&H ef qk;H jzwf

onf/
vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;p Armjynf(y) pm
269-270
31 'DZifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H

bk&ifcH qma':refprpfu Oya'
jyKvw
T af wmftzGUJ 0if 34 OD;ukd a&G;
cs,fcefYtyfonf/
jrefrmhtvif;tcsyfykd 1-1-46
'DZifbm aemufqkH;tywf 1945

*syefacwf jrefrmEkid if t
H pk;d & t"d
ywd a'gufwmbarmf wku
d sKjd rdKUokYd
oGm;a&muf NAdwo
d QwyfzUJG rS Akv
d f
rSL;MuD;zpf*sufpf Colonel Figesse
xH vufeufcsonf/
[Ba Maw Breakthrough in Burma. P 413 ]
6
2 6
xk;H pHenf;vrf;tm;jzifh jrefrmjynf

bk&ifcrH S wpfqifh qufo,
G &f ef
omjzpfaMumif;? xkjd yif c&D;vrf;
yef;wm0efrmS vnf; rdrMd oZmr&db
S J
bk&iht
f pk;d &ESihf MoZmanmif;aom
avaMumif;c&D; pDpOfa&;tzGJUwpf
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 579] ck&a
Sd Mumif;? xkt
d zGUJ uom aqmif
[Mountbattens Report, P 207] &Gua
f y;Ekid
f bk&ift
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289-291
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1-46
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2 Zefe0g&D 1946 jrefrmEkid if H Mum;&ef ar;cGe;f 10 ck xkwjf yeff
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awGUqk&H mwGif bk&ifcu
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jynfwGif aqmif&Guf&ef jyKvkyf ukefwGif 1-1-46 &ufaeUwGif
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33
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289-291
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45-46) pm 43-48
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27
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324-325
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aMumif;/ wkid ;f a&;jynfa&;ESiyhf wf csKyf taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;
ouf ajymqkv
d v
dk Qif bk&ifrif; ocifoef;xGe;f u jrefrmjynf
jrwftpkd;&okdY wkdufkdufr[kwfbJ bk&ifc\
H
twGi;f 0efxH pmwpf
bk&ifcH rif;MuD;rSwpfqifh jzpfoifh apmifay;ykYdonf/ xkpd mwGif zqy
aMumif;/ zqyvtzGUJ rdrw
d YdktzGUJ v\ awmif;qkcd surf mS t*Fvef
uomvQif
wkid ;f jynfu,
dk pf m; EkdifiHoGm;&eftwGuf avaMumif;
qmif&u
G Ef idk o
f l [l tckid t
f rm c&D;pDpOfay;&eff tultnDawmif;
ajymqkdcsufukd vGwfvyfaoma&G; jcif;om jzpfonf/ omreftcsed f
aumufyGJusif;y ppfaq;&efvkd wGif rdrw
d Ydk bmom aiGay;jyD;oGm;
ao;aMumif;/ zqyvu bk&ifcH Ekid af omfvnf; ,cktcg toGm;
rif;MuD;\ trIaqmifaumifpDESifh tvmrSeo
f rQudk tpk;d &u csKyu
f idk f
Oya'jyK vGwaf wmfwYdkwiG f yg0if xm;ojzifh tpk;d &udk tultnD
aqmif&u
G jf cif; rjyKEkid o
f nfrmS awmif;jcif;om jzpfaMumif;/ zq
tvGef0rf;enf;aMumif;/ xkdokdYyg yvonf Ekid if aH &;ygwD wpfck
0ifaqmif&Gufygu rdrdwkdYxifjrif r[kwb
f J ygwDaygif;pkpH ak 0;&m nD
csurf sm;udk pnfurf;twkid ;f xkwf nGwaf &;wyfO;D jzpfaMumif; zq
azmfajymqkEd idk af Mumif;? jrefrmEkid if H yv nDvmcH rprD jrefrmEkid if H
jyefvnfxal xmifa&;twGuf MuD; bk&ifcHonf ukd,fpm;vS,f ap
vTwaf &;ukd jyefvnf pOf;pm;zkYd

bk&ifrif;jrwftpkd;&xH aMu;eef;
ku
d af y;ykYd rnf[k arQmfvifah Mumif;
yg&dSonf/
& t"dywd a'gufwmbarmf tm;

jAdwo
d QwyfzUJG rS 'kw,
d Akv
d rf LS ;MuD;
zpf*sufpu
f ar;jref;ppf csuf,l
onf/
333
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 596663/ 946-649]
16 Zefe0g&D 1946 zqyvXme

csKyw
f iG f A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ tpnf;
wGif twGi;f a&;rSL;u Ekid if v
H ;Hk qkid f
&m nDvmcHoYdk wifoiG ;f rnft
h qkd
aygif; 400ausmu
f dk zwfMum;jyo
onf/ xkt
d qkrd sm;udk tacsmjyif
qif&efwm0efay;tyfonf/
*syefacwfumvtwGi;f jrefrm
jynforl sm; &ufpufpmG ni;f yrf;
cH&rI? twif;t"rtvkycf idk ;f aprI?
tp&do
S nfh *syefwYdk\ ppf&mZ0wf
rIrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f ykvyd Xf me(okYd)
ppfwyfoYdk wkid Mf um;Ekid af Mumif;
aMunmcsufxkwfjyefonf/
332
17 Zefe0g&D 1946 *syefEkdifiH

wku
d sK&d Sd jAdwo
d Qppfrpf&iS x
f H vuf
eufcJhonfh *syefacwfjrefrmtpkd;
17 ESifh 23 Zefe0g&D 1946 zq

yvEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m nDvmcHobif
ukd &efuek Nf rdKU a&Tw*d aHk pwDawmf
tv,fyp,HwGif usif;yonf/
nDvmcHwiG f zqyv tzGUJ csKyf
Ou| Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u rdeUf
cGef;ajymMum;&mwGif tzGJUcsKyf\
&nfreS ;f csurf mS t&G,af &mufol
wkid ;f rJay;Ekid af om a&G;aumufyJG
jzihf wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvGwaf wmf zGUJ
pnf;a&; jzpfaMumif;/ Mum;jzwf
ummvtwGi;f trsK;d om;tpk;d &zGUJ
pnf;jyD; jrefrmjynfow
l Ydk\ vuf
0,fokdY tmPmvTJajymif;ay;a&;
twGuf tpDtpOfrsm; jyKvkyaf &;
jzpfaMumif;/ jrefrmjynfolwkdY
\ vkv
d m;csurf sm;ukd jAdwo
d Qtpk;d
&xH awmif;qkrd nfjzpfaMumif;/ jAd
wdoQtpk;d &u ray;u tMuyf
ukdifrnfjzpfaMumif; trsKd;om;nD
nGwfa&;ukd azmfaqmifaeonfh
tzGUJ csKyfMuD;wGif jynforl sm;0if
a&mufaqmif&u
G &f efEiS hf jynfov
l l
vufeufcspOfu Akv
d rf LS ;MuD;[kazmfjy
xm;onf/
xk\ yl;aygif;aqmif&u
G rf jI zifh jref
rmEkid if H vGwv
f yfa&;ukd jidr;f csrf;
pGmESihf apmvQipf mG t&,lrnfjzpf
aMumif;ajymMum;onf/ xkYd aemuf
zqyvtwGi;f a&;rSL; ocifoef;
xGe;f u zvyvtzGUJ csKyftpD&ifcH
pmukd zwfMum;wifoiG ;f &m tpD&if
cHpmwGif zqyvtzGJUcsKyfzGJUpnf;
yk?H zufqpf*syefrsm;udk awmfveS f
wkdufcdkufcJhykH? rsKd;cspfjrefrmhwyfr
awmftm; tNrJwrf; wyfrawmf
tjzpf zGJUpnf;a&;aqmif&GufykHESifh
zqyvtzGJUcsKyf\ aqmif&GufcJh
rIrsm;yg0ifonfh nDvmcHtwGif;
21-1-49 rS 12-1-46 txd
tqkd 17 ckukd wifoiG ;f qk;H jzwfchJ
&m
1/ Ekid if w
H uma&;&m
2/ vk;H 0vGwv
f yfa&;
3/ t*FvefomG ;a&;udp
4/ rJqEay;ykid cf iG hf
5/ jynfoUl vGwv
f yfa&;
6/ wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pkta&;
7/ z,fxm;aome,frsm;yl;aygif;
a&;
8/ pD;yGm;a&;
9/ ynma&;
10/ awmifov
l ,form;ta&;
11/ tvkyo
f rm;tcGit
hf a&;
12/ oufomacsmifcsda&;
13/
14/
15/
16/
17/
18/
ppfavsmaf Mu;
pwD;vfoydwf
vl0ifvx
l u
G f
urmwGifjrefrmae&m&a&;
jynfoUl &Jabmfta&;
trsKd;om;nDnw
G af &;
oHawmfqifh 18^19^20^21^22^23
^24-1-46
'D;'kwf*sme,ftwG(J 19)? trSw(f 25)?
28-1-46? pm 8^9^15
4-2-46? pm 16^17^31^37
11-2-46? pm 19^20
18 Zefe0g&D 1946 &Sr;f jynf

awmifyidk ;f e,fEpS cf jk zpfonfh usKid ;f
wkEH iS hf rkid ;f yefe,frsm;udk NAdwo
d Q
vufatmuf jyefvnf vTaJ jymif;
ay;tyfonf/
kdufwmaMu;eef;? &efuek ?f 181-46
bk&ifcHu AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh
ocifoef;xGef;wkdYukd zdwfac:
t*FvefoYdk ESpOf ;D wnf;oGm;vkv
d Qif
pDpOfay;rnfjzpfaMumif;? if;wkdY
ESpOf ;D wnf; oGm;Ekid jf cif; &drS &du
S dk
bk&ifcu
H ar;jref;onf/ Akv
d cf sKyf
29
ausmfNidrf;
atmifqef;ESihf ocifoef;xGe;f wkYd

,if;udpo
nf rdrdwkdYESpfOD;wnf;
qk;H jzwf r&Ekid af Mumif; tzGUJ csKyf
trIaqmiftzGUJ okYd wifjyjyD; trI
aqmiftzGJU\ qkH;jzwfcsufukd
vku
d ef mrnf jzpfaMumif; ajzMum;
onf/
ckdifwkdYArmhtpnf;tkH;wkdY twd
tvif;uGjJ yD jzpfaMumif; aMunm
onf/
22 Zefe0g&D 1946wkdYArmtpnf;
tkH;XmecsKyf tvkyftrIaqmif
aZ,smarmifpuLjzLjyZmwf pm 211 tpnf;ta0; usi;f yjyD; ocifA
aomif;tm; XmecsKyrf S xkwyf ,f
&efuek cf kid f wkYdArmtpnf;tk;u
H dk
20 Zefe0g&D 1946 &efuek cf kid f jyefvnfzUJG pnf;&ef qk;H jzwfonf/
wkYdArm tpnf;tk;H tvkyt
f rI oHawmfqifh 22-1-46
aqmiftzGJU tpnf;ta0;usif;y [Hom0wDowif;pm 23-1-46
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Oya'jyK
trwfvufco
H nfh ocif 4 OD;ukd 24 Zefe0g&D 1946 zqyv
tpnf;tk;H rS xkwyf pf&ef wkYAd rmh A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ tpnf;ta0;usi;f y
f rIaqmifrsm;udk atmuf
tpnf;tk;H XmecsKyfoYdk awmif;qkd tvkyt
&m XmecsKyu
f ocif 4 OD;\rsuf ygtwkdif; a&G;aumufwifajrmuf
ESmudak xmufaeonft
h wGuXf mecsKyf onf/
1/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
ESit
hf quftoG,jf zwfaMumif; qk;H
Ou|
jzwf &efuek cf kid f wkYdArmtpnf;
2/ ocifoef;xGef;
tkH;ukd
twGif;a&;rSL;
Ou| ocifAaomif;
3/ OD ; wif
'kOu| ocifatmifAv
aiGxdef;
4/ OD;bab(tzGJU0if)
ocifyef;NrdKif
ponfwkdYjzihf jyefvnfzGJU 5/ OD;jr - [oFmw (tzGUJ 0if)
6/ OD;jr - aysmb
f ,
G f (tzGUJ 0if)
pnf;onf/
7/ ref;bckid f (tzGUJ 0if)
oHawmfqifh 22-1-46
21 Zefe0g&D 1946 wkYAd rm 8/ OD;atmifZHa0 (tzGJU0if)
tpnf;tkH;XmecsKyfESifh &efukef 9/ OD;ausmfjidrf; (tzGJU0if)
3 0
10/ ocifcspf (tzGUJ 0if)

11/ OD;b*srf; (tzGUJ 0if)
12/ 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd (tzGJU0if)
13/ ocifjr (tzGUJ 0if)
14/ a'gufwmquf (tzGUJ 0if)
29 Zefe0g&D 1946 OD;apmu

owif;pmq&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;
usif;yonf/

bk&ifcH qma':refprpfu trI
aqmifaumifpD (0efMuD;tzGUJ )
26 Zefe0g&D 1946 jynfoUl &J ocifxGef;tkyftm; trsKd;om;pDrH
abmfwyfzUJG zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyHk Oya' ude;f Xme Planning Department
ukd twnfjyKonf/
wGif cefYtyfonf/
oHawmfqifh 25-1-46
jynfolU&Jabmf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH Oy
a' pm 23
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P XLV]
jrefrmEki
d if H bk&ifcu
H OD;apm
27 Zefe0g&D 1946 'kw,
d urm tm; ac:,lawGUqkH aqG;aEG;onf/
ppftwGi;f ,l*ef'gEkid if w
H iG f 4 ESpf [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P
ausmf tus,cf sKyfaecJ&h aom OD; XLVIII]
apm jrefrmEkid if H jyefvnfa&muf&Sd
onf/
31 Zefe0g&D 1946 &Sr;f jynf&Sd
p0fzrsm; tpnf;ta0;ukd rkdif;
wkd;wufa&;*sme,f 2-2-46 pm 26 ukdifNrdKUwGif usif;yonf/
ta&SUwkdif;vpOfw(JG 1)? trSw(f 4)? az

azmf0g&D? 1946
ta&SUwkdif;vpOf wGJ(1)? trSwf(5)?
rwf? 1946
OD;tkef;az yifvkHppfwrf;/ &efuek /f

py,fOD;ykHESdyf/ 1984/ pm 301-8/
aemifu;dk um; OD;tke;f az yifv,fppf
wrf; [knTef;rnf

Oya'jyKaumifpD Ou|tjzpf OD;
azaz:0g&Dv
cspfvIdiftm; cefYtyfonf/
[Civil List for Burma Vol.I:
1946 ,P 2]
*syefacwf jrefrmtpk;d &tzGUJ 0if0efMuD;
1 azaz:0g&D 1946 ocifxeG ;f

tkyf bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpD
yrf;aqmif&u
G cf rhJ t
I wGuf *kPjf yKyGJ ESifh jrefrmjynfqkd&S,fvpfygwDyl;
0if (0efMuD;) &mxl;ukd vufcH &rnf[k ajzMum;onf/
*sme,fausmf wGJ 3/ trSwf 2/ 9- usif;yonf/
aygif;onf/
onf/
ta&SUwkdif;vpOf wGJ 1/ trSwf 4/
1946? azaz:0g&D/ wGJ 1/ trSwf 5/
1946? rwf/ pm 49
2 azaz:0g&D 1946 rsKd;cspftzGJU

tvkyftrIaqmif tpnf;ta0;
rsK;d csp0f efMuD; 3 OD; bk&ifct
H vkyf
trIaqmifaumifprD S Ekwx
f u
G cf idk ;f
vQif xGuyf grnf[al om uwdudk
rSwfwrf;wifonf/
ol&d,owif;pm 31-1-46
4 azaz:0g&D 1946 jAdwo

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vDrefwiG f avbmtrwf 'kid f
bwfu zqyv uk,
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ar;jref;&m jrefrmESit
hf Ed ,
d qkid &f m
twGi;f 0efuav; rpwm [ef'g
qifu jAdwo
d Qtpk;d &onf rnf
onfwpfoD;yk*v
ukd,fpm;vS,f
ukrd Q vufcjH cif; rjyKEkid af Mumif;?
okYdaomf zqyvuk,
d pf m;vS,Ef pS f
OD; uk,
d af &;uk,
d w
f mudpj zifh vm
vkv
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onfESifhwpfjydKifeuf oabFmjzifh
vmEkid &f ef pDpOfay;rnfjzpfaMumif;
tcGifhta&;rsKd;ukd tjcm;ygwD
rsm;u awmif;qkv
d Qiv
f nf; ay;
2-46 pm 15
4 ESifh 6 azaz:0g&D 1946 &ef

ukejf rdKU atmufMunfjh rifwidk v
f rf;
trSwf 528 wGif u&ifA[kt
d zGUJ
csKyf\ aqmfMorIjzifh jrefrmEkid if H
vk;H qkid &f m u&iftrsK;d om; uk,
d f
pm;vS,rf sm;\ tpnf;ta0;usi;f
yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif u&if
trsK;d om;wkYd\ zGUH jzdK;a&; vkjH cHKa&;
twGuf jrefrmEkdifiHtkyfcsKyf&;qkdif
&m wk;d wufrrI sm;ukd t[efYtwm;
rjzpfapbJ oD;jcm;u&ifjynfe,f
&&daS &;twGuf
jAdwo
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aqmif&u
G af y;&ef awmif;qko
d nfh
qk;H jzwfcsuu
f dk csrw
S o
f nf/ xkd
jyif u&ifjynfe,f tNrJwrf;aumf
rwD Karen State Standing Committee ukd zGUJ pnf;onf/
odef;azjrifhppftwGif;c&D;onf pm
406-408
*sme,fausmf wGJ 3? trSwf 3? 162-46 pm 5
7 azaz:0g&D 1946 zqyv

tzGUJ csKyfu ukvor*oYdk aMu;
eef;ku
d u
f m ukvor*EiS hf ta&SU
wkdif;aumfr&SifwGif zqyvukd,f
pm;vS,rf sm; yg0ifciG jhf yK&efawmif;
qkdonf/

tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ tpnf;ta0;
usi;f y qk;H jzwfcsurf sm; csrw
S f
onf/ qk;H jzwfcsufrmS
1/ jynfolU tmPm*sme,fwGif
ocifp;dk u OD;bab tay:
a&;om;csurf sm;ESihf ywfouf
ocifp;dk tm; uGejf rLepfyg
wDrSwpfqihf &Sif;vif;ap&ef/
2/ rsKd;cspftzGJUESifh qif;&Jom;0H
omEktzGJU0ifjzpfolrsm;ukd
(u)tzGUJ 0if oabm0ifjcif;
avm/
(c) yk*Kd vo
f abm 0ifjcif;
avm[k twdtus ar;
&ef/
(u)tzGUJ 0ifoabm 0ifygu
oufqidk &f mtzGUJ onf zq
yv qk;H jzwfcsuf 0g'
pnf;urf;twkid ;f vku
d f
em&rnf/ rvku
d ef mvQif
ta&;,lrnf/
(c) yk*Kd vo
f abm 0ifvQif
oufqidk &f mtzGUJ ESihf zq
yvrS Ekwx
f u
G &f rnf/
udpESifh ywfouf
ol&d, 19-2-46
wkd;wufa&;*sme,f trSwf 3^162-46 pm 3
12 azaz:0g&D 1946 u&ifjynf

e,f tNrJwef;aumfrwD tpnf;
ta0;usif;yjyD; weoFm&Dwkdif;ukd
u&ifrsm;twGuf oD;oefYjynfe,f
tjzpfowfrSwfa&; xkdjynfe,f
twGuf jrefrmjynfr&&daS om zGUJ
tkycf sKyyf Hk tajccHOya'
[Note on Various Karen Asso- pnf;
atmuf redrahf om Oya'rsK;d
ciation P 3]
awmif;qkad &;twGuf qpf'eDvel ?D
6 azaz:0g&D 1946 &efukefNrdKU apmbk;d cspEf iS hf apmbOD;MuD;wkYdtm;
qef;uaz;wGif ocifE?k 'D;'kwOf ;D t*FvefapvTw&f ef qk;H jzwfonf/
bcsKd? OD;wif(jrefrmhtvif;)? *sm [Note on Various Karen Assoe,fausmf OD;cspaf rmif tygt0if ciation P 3]
yk*Kd vw
f pfpu
k OD;ode;f az (ode;f az
jrif)h tm; tdE,
d Ekid if o
H mG ;a&muf azaz:0g&D(vv,f)1946 qif;
jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf MudK; &Jom;tusK;d aqmiftzGUJ azvd,ef
31
ausmfNidrf;
oufqkdif&m yk*dKvfrsm;
onf zqyvtzGUJ Ou|
xHoYdk 16-3-46 aeYwiG f
twdtus
tpD&ifc&H
rnf/
3/ (u) tzGUJ csKyEf iS hf rqufo,
G f
&ao;aom tjcm;rnfonfh
EkdifiHa&;tzGJUrqkd zqyvokdY
qufoG,fygu zqyvu
tzGJU0iftjzpf vufcHrnf/
(c) zqyvnDvmcHrS ODpD;
tzGUJ twGuw
f oD;yk*v
tjzpf
a&G;cs,x
f m;olrsm;onf ygwD
wpfcck o
k Ydk 0ifa&mufomG ;vQif
OD;pD;tzGUJ rS vnf;aumif; qkid f
&mtzGUJ rS vnf;aumif; Ekwf
xGuf&rnf/
4/ vlrsKd;rsm;? vlrsKd;a&;tzGJUrsm;
ESihf ywfouf if;twkid ;f
vkdufem&rnf/
oHawmfqifh 19-2-46
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(194546) pm 66
19 azaz:0g&D 1946 rsKd;cspftzGJU

acgif;aqmif Od;D apmu rsK;d cspt
f zGUJ
awmif;qkcd surf sm;udk jAdwo
d Qtpk;d
&xH ay;ykYd onf/
3 2

tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU tpnf;
ta0; usi;f yonf/ t*FvefomG ;
&ef zqyv uk,
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(1) OD;bab
(2) ocifoef;xGe;f
(3) ocifjr
(4) OD;cspaf rmif (*sme,fausm)f
(5) jrefatmifO;D wif (twGi;f a&;
rSL;)
wkYdtm; a&G;cs,o
f nf/ t*FvefEidk f
iHomG ; jrefrm uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm;
tjzpf yk*Kdvf 5 OD;ukd &mxm;jy;D jzpf
aMumif;? t*FvefoGm;&eftwGuf
av,mOfysH pDpOfay;&ef t*Fvef
oGm;a&;udpE iS hf ywfouf 14
&uftwGi;f taMumif;jyefMum;&ef
t*FvefomG ;rnfh
&ufuv
dk nf;
rwfvukex
f uf aemufrusap&ef
wkYd udk taMumif;Mum;&ef qk;H jzwf
onf/
t*FvefomG ;&onfh &nf
&G,cf surf mS jrefrmjynf ta&;udp
ukd t*FvefEiS u
hf rmu odap&ef/
jrefrmEkid if H vGwv
f yfa&; twGuf
ulnv
D o
dk rl sm;ESihf tquftoG,f
&ap&efom jzpfaMumif; oabmwl
qkH;jzpfonf/
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vyfa&;&rnf[k txiftjrifrSm;
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hJ Qif r&daS p&ef aqmif&u
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oabmwlonf/
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csuft& &ckdifjynfokdY AkdvfcsKyf
atmifqef;? [oFmwOD;jr? OD;
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wGif oGm;a&muf&ef/ &Srf;jynfrS
ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u zdwfMum;
csut
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OD;b*srf;oGm;a&muf&ef/
3/ rwfv 27 &ufudk awmfveS f
a&;aeYtjzpfjzifh todtrSwjf yKjyD;
vQif awmfveS af &;txdr;f trSwyf JG
wpfwkdif;wpfjynfvkH;wGif usif;y
&ef/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;onf
jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&; twGuf
jzpfojzifh nDvmcHwgif qk;H jzwf
cJah om vGwv
f yfa&; qk;H jzwfcsuf
ukd xkYd aeUwGif vlxt
k pnf;f ta0;
rsm;jzifh &Si;f vif;&ef xyfrq
H ;Hk jzwf
csufrsm;csrSwf&ef/ zufqpfawmf
vSeaf &;onf rw&m;aom pepf
ukd awmfveS jf cif;jzpfojzihf jrefrm
Ekid if w
H iG f ,cktcg zufqpfqef
qef usiMhf uHaeonfwYdkudk xkYd aeU
wGif wkid ;f jynfEiS t
hf 0Se;f uefUuGuf
a&;qk;H jzwfcsufrsm;ukd xkYad eUwGif
xyfrcH srw
S &f ef vkt
d yfonft
h csuf
tvufrsm;udk 14 &uftwGi;f OD;
ausmjf idr;f u pkaqmif;ay;&ef/ zuf

qpf awmfveS af &;wGif vlxEk iS hf
awmfveS af &; jzpfonfh twkid ;f
trsm;qk;H jzpfonfh awmifov
l ,f
orm;rsm;ukd xkdaeYtxdrf;trSwf
yGw
J iG f yg0ifap&ef/ nDvmcHobif
wGif csrw
S cf ahJ om awmifov
l ,f
orm;ta&; qk;H jzwfcsuu
f dk xkYdaeY
wGif xyfrcH srw
S &f ef/ pm;eyf&u
d m
acgif;yg;a&; umuG,f&eftwGuf
aemifESpf v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;
twGuv
f nf; v,form;xktm;
xkdYaeYwGif EId;aqmf&ef/
txufyg awmfvSefa&;
txdr;f trSwaf eYEiS hf ywfouf
tzGUJ csKyfrS e,ftzGUJ cGrJ sm;okYd Tef
Mum;csufxkwf&ef/ &efukefwGif
usi;f ya&;twGuf A[kt
d zGUJ csKyfEiS hf
&efukeftzGJUcsKyfyl;aygif; aqmif
&Guf&ef/
oHawmfqifh 20-2-46 pm 68-70
*sme,fausmf 23-2-46
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;(194546) pm 2
&efuek Nf rdKU uk,

d rhf if;uk,
d chf sif;
vrf; vli,ftpnf;tk;H wGif zq
yvtzGUJ csKyf Ou| Akv
d cf sKyaf tmif
qef;u owif;pmq&mrsm;ESifh
awGUqk
H urmtajctae jrefrm
jynfwGif;a&; tajctaersm;udk
csufrmS Ekid if v
H w
G v
f yfa&;udk OD;
oHawmfqifh 22-1-46
wnf wku
d yf 0JG if trsK;d orD;epf
emcsufrsm;ESifh vkdvm;csufrsm;udk
22 azaz:0g&DESifhrwf 11 1946 ta&;qkd&efjzpfonf/
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A.u.y oHawmfqifh 26-2-46
dk Mf unfrm jrefrmtrsKd;orD;
A[kad umfrwDtpnf;ta0; usi;f y wuov
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif ocifp;dk avmu/ ykEH ydS /f ckEpS /f pm 59u ba&muf0g'tygt0if uGejf rL 60
epfygwD\ trSm;rsm;ukd a0zef
rsKd;cspftzGUJ acgif;aqmif *VKef
ajymMum;onf/
ArmhjynfuGefjrLepfygwD (A.u.y) OD;apmonf jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH
S hf oGm;a&mufawGUqkH
A[kdaumfrwD aMunmcsuf jynfolU a':refprpfEi
tmPm wG1J ? trSwf 24? 9 rwf 1946 jyD; jrefrmEkid if aH &; tajctae? rsK;d
atmifxeG ;f ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD cspfygwDtaMumif;rsm; ajymMum;
A[kdaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; jynfolU onf/ xdkYaemuf bk&ifcHtm;
tmPm wGJ 1? trSwf 25? 16 rwf oxkw
H iG f ocifatmifqef; &mol
1947
MuD; wpfO;D tm; owfrI tb,f
aMumifh ta&;r,loenf;[k ar;
23 azaz:0g&D 1946 jrefrmEkdifiH
jref;onf/
vk;H qkid &f m trsK;d orD; vGwv
f yf [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 660a&;tzGJUcsKyf tpnf;ta0;usif;y 662]
onf/ tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUukd
jyefvnfzGJUpnf;&m Ou|a':cif 25 azaz:0g&D 1946 OD;ykOu|
Munf? twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;tjzpf tjzpfaqmif&Gufaom rJqEay;
a':cifMunfMunfEiS hf rparatmif cGihf pkpH rf;a&;tzGUJ \ tpD&ifcpH m
wkYd udk wifajrmufonf/ trl ukd wifoiG ;f onf/
aqmiftzGUJ onf rlv jrefrmEkid if H [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 662vk;H qkid &f m trsK;d orD; vGwv
f yf 664 ]
a&;tzGJUcsKyfrS cGJxGufjyD; jrefrm
Ekid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m trsKd;orD; uGe*f 26 azaz:0g&D 1946 AuyA[kd
&ufjzpfvonf/ tzGUJ \ &nf&,
G f aumfrwDtpnf;ta0;wGif zqy
&Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/
v t*FvefomG ;vQif AuyrS uk,

d f
pm;vS,f rxnf&h efEiS hf zqyv
vnf;roGm;&ef uGejf rLepfygwDu
zqyvokYd taMumif;Mum;onf/
jynfolUtmPm wGJ 1? trSwf 25?
16 rwf 1946 pm 4-5
azaz:0g&DaemufqkH;ywf 1946
'l0gaZm&pf OD;pD; ucsiv
f il ,f
tpnf;ta0;usif;yonf/
r&rfabmufvm qrm;'l;0gqif0g;
aemif pm 217
azaz:0g&DaemufqkH;ywf 1946
jrefrmjynfvkH;qkdif&m u&iftrsKd;
om; uGe*f &uf usi;f yonf/ uGef
*&uf tpnf;ta0;wGif u&if
trsKd;om;tpnf;tk;H Karen National Associaton ukd pwif wnf
axmifonf/
o&momxkd u&ifESifhEkdifiHa&; pm 11
- 12
*sme,fausmf wGJ 3? trSwf 5? 2-346? pm 14
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(194546) pm 39-42
zqyvtzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrI
aqmiftpnf;ta0; usi;f yonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif t*FvefomG ;a&;
c&D;pDpOf&m a&aMumif;c&D;jzifh vl
2 OD;om oGm;vmcGi&hf &drS nf[k od
&aMumif;? awmif;qko
d nfh 5 OD;
tpm; 2 OD;om &onft
h wGuf
tvkyfwGifus,fp&m r&dSaMumif;/
avaMumif;c&D;tpm; a&aMumif;
c&D;jzifh oGm;&rnfjzpf c&D;MuefY
MumrnfjzpfaMumif;? xkYd jyif rnf
onftcgwGif oGm;&rnf[k wdwd
ususrodjcif;wkdYaMumifh tqkdyg
c&D;pOfudpukd qufvufaqmif
&Gujf cif; rjyKawmh&ef qk;H jzwf
onf/
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(194546) pm 72
rwf v
1 rwf 1946 jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH
a':refprpfu zqyvukd,fpm;
vS,t
f zGUJ t*FvefEidk if H oGm;a&;
ESihf pyfvsO;f av,mOfysjH zifh r
[kwb
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[k taMumif;Mum;onf/
4 rwf 1946 Akv

d cf sKyfatmifqef;
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f pfciG f c&D;pOf pwifonf/
Akv
d cf sKyf ESit
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ocifjr? OD;atmifZaH 0? Akv
d af tmif
rif;? Akv
d x
f eG ;f vS (pma&;q&m
wuov
dk af e0if;) ESihf Akv
d v
f S
MunfwYdk yg0ifonf/
33
ausmfNidrf;
oHawmfqihf wGJ 3? trSwf 5? 2-346? pm 14
7 rwf 1946 jAdwdoQtpkd;&

jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m twGi;f 0efu
jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcHxH *syefacwf
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jzpf&ef trdeYfxw
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f m; trI
aqmifaumifprD S z,f&mS ;&ef oH
MudK;kdufonf/
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vS,rf sm; t*FvefomG ;a&;udpw
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om pDpOfay;jcif;aMumifh vnf;
aumif; zqyv uk,
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t*Fvef oGm;a&;ukd qufvuf
aqmif&u
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r[kwf
aMumif; aMunmcsux
f w
k jf yefonf/
aZ,smarmifpuLjzLjyZmwf pm 211212
3 4
9 rwf 1946 ArmjynfuGefjrLepf

ygwDudk wnfaxmifolwpfOD;jzpf
ol ocifp;dk onf ygwDA[kad umfr
wDEiS hf trIaqmiftzGUJ wGif ocif
oef;? OD;ode;f azwkYdEiS hf oabmuGJ
vGo
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twl uGejf rLepfygwDrS Ekwx
f u
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onf/
oHawmfqihf 10-3-46
5/ OD;b'if(csyfoif;)-&efukef
6/ ocifu,
dk af wmfridI ;f
7/ OD;pHvaS bmf -rEav;
8/ OD;rif;tk-d &efuek f
9/ OD;aomf(orkdif;)-tif;pdef
10/ OD;p-&efuek f
11/ OD;xGef;MudKif-&efukef/
ol&d, 10-3-46
13 rwf 1946 ocifp;dk u uGejf rL

epfygwD (jrefrmjynf) XmecsKyf
owif;pm &Sif;vif;yGJ usif;y
uGefjrLepfygwD tuGJtjyJrsm;ukd
xkwaf zmfajymqko
d nf/ uGejf rLepf
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xGufonf/ uGefjrLepfygwDwGif
19 OD;usef&pfco
hJ nf/
oHawmfqihf 14-3-46
ol&d, 14-3-46
11 rwf 1946 ArmjynfuGefjrL

10 rwf 1946 Armjynf uGejf rL epfygwD A[kad umfrwD tpnf;t
14 rwf 1946 jrefrmjynfueG jf rL
epfygwD twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;ode;f az a0; usif;yjyD;pD;onf/
u ygwDrS Ekwx
f u
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wDXmecsKyf ocifpkd; *kdPf;cGJ
ocifp;dk ? ocifwifjr tp&daS om 16-3-46
axmifrEI iS hf pyfvsO;f owif;pm
vli,fwpfpkonf *kPf;cGJaxmif
&ef MudK;pm;aeMujzifh ygwDA[kd 12 rwf 1946 ocifp;dk u ]]wkid ;f &Sif;vif;yGJ jyKvkyfonf/
aumfrwDrS tjyD;xkwfypfvkdufjyD jynfoYdk ocifp;dk jyefMum;csuf pm oHawmfqifh 16-3-46
wrf;}} wpf&yfxw
k jf yefum uGejf rL
jzpfaMumif; aMunmonf/
epfygwD (Armjynf) trnfjzifh 18 rwf 1946 jynfoUl vGwv
f yf
oHawmfqihf 12-3-46
ypnf;rJhygwDwpf&yf wnfaxmif a&; (qk&d ,
S v
f pf) ygwD taxGaxG
aMumif; aMunmonf/ if;pm twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;AaqGu uGejf rL
blwpfygwDu ]jrefrmjynft
b,foYdk ajcvSr;f rnfenf;} aMu wrf;wGif A[kad umfrwD aphpyfr& epfygwD ESpjf crf;uGjJ cif;rSm tacsmif
f u
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nmcsufxkwfjyefonf/ ygwD0if Mu uGejf rLepfygwDrS EIwx
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11 OD;&d
S blwpfygwD[k ac:jcif; &aMumif; ygwDopf xlaxmif& Akv
aMumif; yg&do
S nf/ ygwDXmecsKyf abmxm; wpf&yf xkwjf yefonf/
jzpfjyD; xko
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aeUpGJ 18-3-46
3/ OD;bodef;(a&Taygufyif)-&ef cifp;dk \ygwDudk aemiftcg tvHeD
uGefjrLepfygwD [kac:a0:cJhMu
ukef
20 rwf ESifh 28 rwf 1946 vJ
onf)
4/ OD;xGef;oef;-&efukef
csm;jrdKUe,f yifvjHk rdKUwGif &Sr;f apmf
oHawmfqifh 12-3-46
bGm;rsm; ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG usif;y

onf/ xkt
d pnf;ta0;okYd zqy
v tzGJUcsKyf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
tjzpf ocifE?k OD;b*sr;f ? ref;b
cdik ?f rsKd;cspfygwDacgif;aqmif OD;
apm wkYdwufa&mufonf/ tpnf;
ta0;wGif (- - - - ) ukd zGUJ pnf;
&efqkH;jzwfonf/ tpnf;ta0;
usi;f ypOftwGi;f 28-3-46 wGif
&Sr;f jrefrm ,Ofaus;rItoif;ukzd UJG
pnf;onf/ Ou|rSm anmifa&Tapmf
bGm; pyfa&Tou
dk jf zpf twGi;f a&;
rSL;rSm OD;apmjzpfonf/
ol&d, 4-4-46
jrefrmhtvif; 4-4-46
OD;tke;f az yifvkHppfwrf; pm 310335^350^512
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P XLVIII
PP 710-711 / 719 ]
21 rwf 1946 jrefrmEkid if H bk&if

cH\ Oya'jyKtzGYJ tpnf;ta0;
wGif 0efMuD;ocifxeG ;f tkyu
f Akv
d f
csKyfatmifqef; vlowfru
I sL;vGef
ol&,
d 8-4-64
oHawmfqifh 26-3-46
txdr;f trSwf tcrf;tem; usi;f

yonf/ tcrf;tem;wGif Akv
d cf sKyf
25 rwfv 1946 jrefrmEkid if H atmifqef;u awmfveS af &;aeY rdeYf
bk&ifcu
H jAdwo
d Qtpk;d & jrefrmEkid f cGef;ajymMum;onf/
iH twGi;f 0efxH 24-3-46 u a&; ol&,
d 28-3-46
onfhpmwGif Oya'jyKvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0; ocifxeG ;f tkyaf jym jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcH pHtrd af wmf
Mum;onfh 1942 ckEpS u
f ocif usi;f yaom tpnf;ta0;wGif
atmifqef; vlowfrIusL;vGef&m Akv
d cf sKyf atmifqef;tm; *syef
wGif rsujf rifoufao jzpfaMumif; acwfu &GmolMuD;wpfO;D owfrI
xkwfazmfcJhonf[k yg&dSonf/
usL;vGefonfhtwGuf zrf;qD;&ef
aqG;aEG;onf/
26 rwf 1946 &efuek jf rdKUokYd [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P703-6]
a&muf&v
Sd monfh tdE,
d
trsK;d
om; acgif;aqmif ael; (Jawa- 28 rwf 1946 jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH
harlal Nehru)ESifh AkdvfcsKyfatmif qma':refprpfu AkdvfcsKyfatmif
qef;wkdY awGUqkHaqG;aEG;onf/
qef;tm; zrf;vQif jrefrmEkid if w
H
0Srf;qlylvIyf&Sm;vmEdkif AkdvfcsKyf
zqyv tzGUJ csKyf tvkyt
f rI atmifqef;tm; zrf;qD;rnfhudp
aqmiftpnf;ta0;wGif uGejf rL ukd oabmrwlaMumif; qk;H jzwf
epfygwDrS ay;pmt& ocifp;dk tm; onf/
A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ 0iftjzpfrS kwo
f rd ;f [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 712]
OD;ode;f aztm; zqyvA[kd OD; {jyD v
pD;tzGJU0iftjzpf wifajrmufjcif;
ukd vufco
H nf/
1 {jyD 1946 ukvm;uke;f &Gm tpk
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(1945- vku
d t
f jyHKvu
dk f owfjzwfrI eHygwf
46) pm 77-78
1 w&m;cH tdcsu
d m0tm; ppfaq;
onf/
24 rwfv 1946 Akv

d cf sKyfatmif
ol&d, 2-4-46
qef;ESifhtzGJU &ckdifa'oc&D;pOfrS
27 rwf 1946 zufqpfawmfveS f
jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/
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3 {jyD 1946 *syefppfw&m;cH 13

a,mufteuf Akv
d Mf uD; qumrm
ud ukpd pfaq;onf/ ukvm;uke;f
&GmwGif tdraf jc 130? vlO;D a& 700
&daS Mumif; &Gmom;rsm;onf r[m
rdwf avxD;ppfom;rsm;tm; ulnD
aeonf[k xifjrifaMumif; Akv
d f
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Zlvidk f 1945 wGif trdeYftwkikd ;f
aqmif&u
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wGuq
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onf/
jrefrmhtvif; 4-4-46
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jrefrm oHtrwfMuD; a'gufwm
odrf;armiftm; jrefrmEkdifiHokdYjyef
ykYd&ef ql*grkad xmifrS ac:xkwo
f mG ;
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ol&d, 5-4-46
*sme,fausmf OD;cspaf rmif uG,f

vGefonf/
*sme,fausmf wGJ 3? trSwf 10? 64-46? pm 7
5 {jyD 1946 jAdwo

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atmufvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;
wGif jrefrmEkid if EH iS hf tdE,
d Ekid if q
H idk f
&m vufaxmuftwGi;f 0ef rpwm
[if'gqifu jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH
35
ausmfNidrf;
tm; yk'rf 139 t& tmPmay;

xm;onfrmS 9-4-46 wGif ouf
wrf; ukerf nfjzpfaMumif;? jrefrm
Ekid if H bk&ifc\
H tcGit
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wrf;wk;d ay;oifah Mumif;? jrefrmEkid f
iHwiG f a&G;aumufyu
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0efct
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T af wmfrS
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(*) tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUwpfck
zGJUpnf;&ef
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udpr sm;ukd pOf;pm;aeMumif; jyef
Mum;onf/
10 {jyD 1946 rGejf ynfe,f armf

vjrdKifjrdKUe,f ukvm;ukef;&GmrS
a,mufsm;? rde;f rESihf uav; pkpk
aygif; 637 OD;tm; tpkvu
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vkduf owfjzwfrIusL;vGef&mwGif
yg&dSonfh *syefppf&mZ0wfaumif
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zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(1945- toD;oD; csrSwo
f nf/
46) 6-4-46 pm 82
3 6
wkYdArmtpnf;tk;H udk jyefvnf

zGJUpnf;onf/
ol&d, 21-4-46
23 {jyD 1946 tif;pdefckdif0efu

umuG,af &;Oya'yk'rf 58 (1)
16 {jyD 1964 ocifp;dk \uGejf rL t& ppfa&;oabmouf0ifonfh
epfygwD (jrefrmjynf) rS zqyv avhusichf ef;rsm; vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;ukd
tzGUJ csKyfoYdk ygwDtvku
d 0f ifa&muf wm;jrpfonfh trdefYwpf&yfukd
xkwfjyefonf/
vkdaMumif; pmay;ykdYonf/
[Burma : The Struggle for inol&d, 26-4-64
[Hom0wDowif;pm Akv
d cf sKyf
atmifqef;u ]]uREkfyfvdyfjymrSm
tNrJoefY&iS ;f vsu}f } aqmif;yg;a&;
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24 ar 1946 zqyvtzGUJ csKyf csKyf OD;pD;tzGUJ rS cefYtyfxm;aom
Ou| Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u jref tvkyfaumfrwDrS wifoGif;aom
rmEkid if H bk&ifcH qma':refprpfEiS hf tqifh 3 qifu
h dk twnfjyKonf/
oGm;a&mufawGUqkHonf/ xkdokdY vkyif ef;pOf yxrtqifrh mS puf?Hk
awGUqk&H mwGif Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef; ausmif;? aps;? vrf;ESihf &yfuu
G f
u wuov
dk rf S xGuv
f monfrpS tpnf;ta0;uav;rsm; usi;f y
tawGUtBuHKrsm;ukd jyefajymif; u/ xef;wyifjrdKUwGif vufeuf
ukid yf v
k yd w
f Ydku vlxu
k kd aoewf
4 0
jzifh t&rf;rJh ypfcwfonfu

h pd /
c/ t&yf&yfwiG f jynfoUl &Jabmf
rsm;ukd zrf;qD;jcif;? ESyd u
f yG cf sKyf
cs,fjcif;udp/
*/ jrefrmjynft&yf&yfwiG f trsm;
jynfolwkdY\ vGwfvyfrI tcGifh
ta&;rsm;ukd csKyfcs,fjcif;? vlxk
ukd jiif;yef;jcif;udpr sm;udk &Si;f jy
&ef/
vkyif ef;pOf 'kw,
d tqifh
rSm 25-5-46 xef;wyifqEjyyGJ
wGif usq;Hk oGm;aom v,form;
rsm;\ psmyetcrf;tem;ukd txl;
pnfum;aom vlxktiftm;jyyGJ
jzpfomG ;atmif tif;pdef pD&ifpt
k eD;
wpf0kdufrS romykdYvkdufMu&ef/
vkyfief;pOf wwd,qifh
rSm ZGev
f 7 &ufaeYwiG f jrefrm
wpfjynfv;Hk wGif
uefYuu
G yf JG
tpnf;ta0;rsm; usi;f y&efwYdkjzpf
onf/
27 ar 1946 jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH
qma':refprpf 0rf;ukdufa&m*g
( Amoebic Sysentery )jzpf y G m ;
onf/
[Mourice Collis Last and First
in Burma 1941-48 , London,
Faber & Faber Limited 1956 P
280: hereafter cited as Collis Last
and First in Burma, ]
29 ar 1946 tvHeu
D eG jf rLepf
acgif;aqmif ocifp;dk tm; 28 ar
1946 u w&m;r0iftpnf;ta0;
usif;yonfhtwGuf awGUonfhae
&mwGif zrf;qD;&ef 0&rf;xkwjf yef
onf/
30 ar 1946 tm&Sta&SUawmif
ykdif; r[mrdwfppfaoemywdcsKyf
avmh'af rmifb
h ufwef &mxl;ouf
wrf;ukefqkH;onf/
oHawmfqifh 23-5-46
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P

XLVIII]
xef;wyifjrdKU vlxq
k EjyyGJ
wGif usq;Hk oGm;onfh v,form;
rsm;\ psmyetcrftem;usi;f y&m
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; wufa&muf
rdefYcGef;ajymMum;onf/
31 ar 1946 rsKd;cspftzGUJ tpnf;

ta0;usi;f y bk&ifc\
H
trI
aqmiftzGUJ rS OD;at;? OD;vGe;f ESihf
OD;btke;f wkYdtm; csucf si;f xGu&f ef
trdefYxkwfonf/
oHawmfqifh 26-5-46
[ H o m 0 w D 28-5-46 txl ;
tcsyfykd(p)
ol&d, 1-6-46
[Hom0wD 1-6-46
acwceYx
f m;&ef bk&ifrif;jrwfu vyfciG hf csKyfcs,jf cif;ukd vlxq
k E
G yf JG usi;f yonf/
oabmwlnDjyD;aMumif; owif; jy uefYuu
ol&d, 8-6-46
1 ZGef 1946 &efuek Nf rdKU jrdKUawmf xkwfjyefonf/
[Hom0wD tcsyfydk (c)8-6-46
crf;rwGif armfvNrdKifjrdKU a&wGi;f ol&d, 4-6-46
ukef;&Gmom;rsm;tm; nif;yrf;ESdyf
7 ZGef 1946 jAdwo
d QygvDref
pufrjI zifh *syefppfw&m;cH uk;d 5 ZGef 1946 awmifwef;om;
a,muftrIukd ppfaq;jyD;aemuf pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;tzGJU yrmP
wGif avbmtrwf rpwm'kid ;f
nDvmcH usif;yonf/
trddefYcsrSwfonf/
acwfr&D rS ;f jynf? ? 18-7-46? bwf (Mr. Tom Driberg) u jref
Akv
d rf LS ;MuD; tD'w
D m
rmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qma':refprpfEiS hf
pm 5
Akv
d Mf uD; [D*g&DS
trIaqmifaumifpDtzGJUwGif OD;
'kw,
d Akv
d f eum&mrm
hf uG if;\ jynf
bk&ifc\
H trIaqmif aumifpD atmifqef;ESiw
wkYdtm; axmif'Pf 8 ESp/f
rS rsKd;cspftzGUJ 0if 0efMuD;ESpOf ;D jzpf olU&JabmftzGUJ wkYd\ tultnD &
tkyfcGJwyfMuyfMuD; ukdbm&m&DS
onfh OD;apmESihf OD;btke;f wkYd Ew
I f ,loifhaMumif; ajymMum;onf/
wyfMuyfMuD; wd&k mrm;
House of Commons, parliamenxGufonf/
wkYdtm; axmif'Pf 6 ESp/f
tary Debates (Hansand) 7-6-46.
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P L]
wyfMuyfMuD; eum&drS m;
Vol 423. Cols 2314-2318
wyfMuyfMuD; tk*d g0g;
7 ZGef 1946 ykord jf rdKUwGif u&if
vTGwf/
d QygvDref atmufvw
T f
trsKd;om;acgif;aqmiffMuD; qmpH NAdwo
ol&d, 2-6-46
awmf tpnf;ta0;wGif uGeq
f m
pDz;dk uG,v
f eG o
f nf/
[Hom0wD tcsyyf dk (u) 2-6-46
aA;wpftrwf uywed f *rf;rif;
ol&d, 13-6-46
(Capt. Gammans) u OD;atmif
bk&ifc\
H trIaqmifaumifpD qef;onf wyfom;OD;a& 9000
3 ZGef 1946 jrefrmEkid if t
H pk;d &
0if (0efMu;D ) OD;vGe;f ukd rsK;d cspt
f zGUJ cefY&Sd ppfwyfwpfwyfudk zGUJ xm;
jynfoUl qufqaH &;Xmeu owif;
rS xkwyf ,fonf/
aMumif;? rJqE&Sifrsm;udk xkdppf
pmq&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;usif;y ol&d, 8-6-46
wyfEiS hf jidr;f ajcmufrnfudk pk;d &drf
um jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qma':ref [Hom0wD 8-6-46
&aMumif;\? xkdtajctaeqkduf
prpf 0rf;uku
d af 0'em jyif;xefpmG
a&mufvQif zufqpftyk cf sKyaf &;ESihf
cHpm;ae& xkt
d awmtwGi;f qm zqyvtzGUJ csKyfu OD;aqmif
jcm;em;rnf r[kwaf Mumif; ajym
[ife&DEu
dk f (Sir Henry Knight) uefawmfrifyef;jcH (,ckuef
Mum;onf/
tm; jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcH tjzpf awmfr*Fvmyef;NcH) jynfoUl vGwf
House of Commons, parliamen-
ZG e f v
tary Debates (Hansand) 7-6-46.

Vol 423. Cols 23198-2323
wkd;wufa&;*sme,f trSwf 20? 166-46 pm 33

10 ZGef 1946 Akv

d cf sKyaf tmifqef;
u ZGef 7 &uf jAw
d o
d QygvDref
wGif uGeq
f maA;wpf trwf
uywed *f rf;rif; pGypf cJG suu
f dk uefY
uGuaf Mumif; aMu;eef;ay;ykYdonf/
*sme,fausmf wGJ 4? trSwf 8? 156-46
jrefrmEkid if H acwb&k ifcH qm

[ife&DEkdufonf &efukefNrdKUokdY
vpfba&wmav,mOfjzifh qkduf
a&mufvmonf/
[Hom0wD tcsyfy(dk c) 11-6-46

wkd;wufa&;*sme,f trSwf 20? 166-46

H &k ifcH
qma':refprpfu acwbk&ifcH
qm[ife&DEkduftm; &mxl;wm0ef
rsm; vTaJ jymif;ay;onf/
[Burma Gezette 22-6-46]
12 ZGefESifh 14 ZGef 1946 u&if

A[kt
d zGUJ csKyf uk,
d pf m;vS,t
f pnf;
41
ausmfNidrf;
ta0;wGif t*FvefEidk if o
H Ydk u&if
uk,
d pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ oGm;a&muf
ta&;qkd&ef u&ifrdwfquftzGJU
apvTwaf &;udk xyfrH twnfjyK
vsuf t*FvefEidk if o
H mG ; u&iftzGUJ
0ifrsm;tjzpf
1/ rpwmqpf'eDvel D
2/ apmbk;d cspf
3/ apmom'if
4/ apmbOD;MuD;wkYdudk wifajrmuf
Muonf/
[Hom0wD tcsyfykd (u) 19-6-46
20 ZGefESifh 21 ZGef 1946 jrefrm

EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m u&iftrsKd;om;
tzGJUcsKyfMuD; (bDautifat)u
armif*kdrm&Dvrf; (,ckAkdvfcsKyf
atmifqef;vrf;)&dStzGJUcsKyfkH;wGif
ta0;wGif u&ifjynfe,fawmif;
qkda&;ESifh ywfouf bmom
ra&G;? tzGUJ tpnf;ra&G;? jrefrmEkid f
OD;oefY jynfawmfomc&D; ('kw,
d ykid ;f ) iHv;Hk &dS u&iftrsK;d om;rsm;\ nD
&efukefpmayAdrmefykHESdyf/ 1961/ pm vmcH usi;f y&ef oabmwlchJ
100/ aemifu;kd um;vQif OD;oefY jynf onf/
awmfomc&D;('k) [kGTef;rnf

H &k ifcH
a[mif; qma':refprpf? av'Da':
refprpfESifhorD; yufx&pf&Sm;wkdY
atmf ' l ; em; ( S.S ORDUNA )
oabFmjzifh jrefrmEkid if H xGucf mG
onf/
[Hom0wD 15-6-46
15 ZGef 1946 XmecsKyfwYdkArm

tpnf;tkH; tpnf;ta0;usif;y
tvkyt
f rIaqmif tzGUJ 0ifrsm;
tjzpf Ou| ocifApde?f taxG
axGtwGif;a&;rSL; ocifodef;
armifwYdktm; a&T;cs,f wifajrmuf
onf/
4 2
[Note on Verious Karen Association ]
28 ZGef 1946 jrefrmEkid if v

H ;Hk
qkdif&m trsKd;orD;vGwfvyfa&;
tzGJUcsKyf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;
usif;yonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif
&m trsK;d orD; vGwv
f yfa&;tzGUJ
csKyfonf jrefrmEkid if t
H wGi;f &dS vl
wef;pm;ra&G; jrefrmwkdif;&if;ol
tm;vk;H \ tzGUJ jzpfum jrefrm
wkdif;&if;olrsm; tusKd;twGuf
&nf&,
G cf suf 4 &yfcsrw
S cf o
hJ nf/
xkd&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm trsKd;orD;
rsm;tm; pnf;k;H wkid ;f jynfjyef
vnfxal xmifa&;? oufomacsmif
csda&;? usef;rma&;vkyif ef;wkYd wiG f
yg0ifaqmif&Guf&ef? trsKd;orD;
rsm;\w&m;0iftcGifhta&; &,l
&ef? trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; vlraI &;
vkyif ef; MudK;yrf;aqmif&u
G v
f pdk w
d f
&ifo
h efvmatmif avhusiahf y;&ef/
trsK;d orD;rsm; pnf;vk;H aqmif&u
G f
rIwGif avhusifhay;&efwkdY jzpf
onf/
ol&d, 7-7-46
a':cifvS 'k-OuX a':oJnGefY

twGif;a&;rI; a':jrwifwdkY jzpf
onf/
[Hom0wD 21-7-46
Munfrm jref r mtrsKd ; orD ; avmu
pm 61-62
wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;orkdif;jyKpka&;tzGJU?
wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;orkdif;('kwd,wGJ)
&efuek /f pmayAdrmefyEHk ydS /f 1976/ pm
148/ aemifu;dk um;vQifwkdYArmtpnf;
tkH;orkdif;('k)[kTef;rnf
ZGefv aemufqkH;ywf &ckid t

f rsK;d
orD;tzGJUxlaxmifonf/ tvkyf
trIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;rSm Ou|
a':apmjr? twGi;f a&;rSL; a':Mum
ZH wkYd jzpfonf/
9 Zlvikd f 1946 jrefrf mEdik if H tpd;k &

jynfxaJ &;0ef BuD;XmerS umuG,f
a&; yk'rf 58 (1) udk kwo
f rd ;f
onf/
OD;atmifZaH 0 A Surviours Memors

(vufESdyfpufrl)
jynfolU&Jabmf*sme,f twGJ 1? trSwf

11? 24-7-46
Zl v k d i f v
10 Zlvdkif 1946 jrefrmEdkifiH

acwbk&ifcHcsKyf [ife&DEdkufu
ocifpdk;OD;aqmifonhf uGefjrLepff
ygwD (Armjynf) tm; tiwfjy
emudk taMumif;jyK qefvyk rJG sm;
jyKvyk jf cif;? [Hom0wDcdik f awmif
olv,form;wdkYtm; tcGefray;
&ef vIYHaqmfjcif;wdYkaMumihf uGejf rL
epfygwD (Armjynf) tvHeaD wmif
olv,form; or* ESifh if;wdYk\
aumfrwDtzGUJ cGrJ sm; qyfaumfrwD
rsm;ESifh tzGUcJ t
JG m;vH;k udk wdik ;f jynf
Nidr0f yfyjd ym;a&;xd cdu
k zf ,
G &f o
dS nf
[k ,lqojzihf rw&m;toif;
5 Zlvkdif 1946 jrefrmEkid if t

H pk;d &
jynfxJa&;0efMuD;XmerS xef;w
yif aoewfypfrt
I pD&ifcpH m xkwf
jyefonf/
[Tantabin Reports P 844]
8 Zlvkdif 1946 jrefrmhvw

G v
f yf
a&; trsKd;orD;tzGJUcsKyfudk Arm
jynf v G w f v yf a &; trsKd ; orD ;
tpnf;tH;k Avrp [l trnf
ajymif ; onf / trI a qmif t zG J U
opfukd jyefvnfzUGJ pnf;&m OuX
u&ifjynfe,f wnfaqmufa&;
[Hom0wD 16-7-46
ESifh t*FvefEikd if o
H Ykd u&ifu,
dk pf m;
oHawmfqifh 28-7-46
vS,t
f zGUJ apvTwaf &;wdYkukd wifjy
wkd;wufa&;*sme,f trSwf 25? 21- onf/
xifaMumif; ajymqd&k m ocifoef;

xGe;f u ruse;f rmwpfaMumif;?
tvkyv
f yk &f mwGif tjyeftvSe,
f kH
Munfr&I &dS efvakd Mumif;? ,ckrI t
7-46
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 892- jyeftvSef,HkMunfrIvnf; r&Sd
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 894893/ 949-945 ]
awmhaMumif; ,cktcg e,fcsUJ o
895 ]
rm;wdYkonf wdu
k pf pfqifvmNyDjzpf
14
Zl
v
k
d
i
f
E
S
i
f
h
24
Zl
v
d
k
i
f
1946
&m trsKdom;vGwv
f yfa&;vkyif ef;
11 Zlvikd f 1946 &efuek Nf rKd U a&Twd
awmif
B
uD
;
Nrd
K
UwG
i
f
pyf
z
rsm;aumif
\ tkwjf rpfjzpfaom ArmjynfueG f
*Hak pwD tv,fyp,H 'du
k Of ;D Z&yf
pD
t
pnf
;
ta0;usif
;
yonf
/
jrLygwD udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;t
wGif trsK;d orD; uGeu
f &ufu jref
OD;tke;f az yifvkHppfwrf; pm 350- jzpf wufa&muf&ef apmapmuyif
rmjynf trsKd;orD;wpfzGJUwnf; 351
jyiffqif&efvdkonf wpfaMumif;?
jzpf&ef &efukefNrdKU&Sd trsKd;orD;
tzGJUtoD;oD;tm; bdwfMum; 20 Zlvdkif 1946 zqyv tvkyf t*FvefodkY ArmjynfuGefjrLepfyg
wD udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD; tjzpf
tpnf;ta0;usif;yonf/
trIaqmiftzGUJ tpnf;ta0;usi;f
ol&d, 12-7-46
wufa&muf&ef vdo
k nfu wpf
yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Ou|
aMumif;aMumihf taxGaxGtwGif;
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u tawGawG
13 Zlvdkif 1946 NAw
d o
d Q eef;
a&;rI; &mxl;rS EIwx
f u
G af Mumif;
twGif;a&;rI; ocifoef;xGef;
&if0ef rpwm tufwvDu qm
ajymqdkonf/ ocifoef;xGef;\
onf tvkyt
f rIaqmif tpnf;
[l;bwf&ef(pf)udk jrefrmEdkifiH
EIwx
f u
G cf suu
f kd tvkyt
f rIaqmif
ta0; OD;bab? 'D;'kwOf ;D bcsKd
bk&ifcHtjzpf cefYtyfonf/
aumfrwDu vufco
H nf/ OuX
[Mourice Collis Last and First wdkY ajymqdkaom pum;rsm;tm; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u vGwfvyf
a0zef a &;om;jcif ; onf pnf ;
in Burma P 282]
aom taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rI ae
urf;csKd;azmufjcif;jzpfaMumif;
&mwGif udak usmNf idr;f aqmif&u
G &f eff
f rIaqmif vlBuD;vnf;jzpf
13 Zlvdkif 1946 jrefrmEdkifiH tvkyt
ESifh uGejf rLepfygwDwpfO;D tm; wGJ
acwbk&ifcH qm[ife&DEdkufu taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rI;vnf; jzpf zuf twGi;f a&;rI;tjzpf ceYx
f m;
u&if udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU0ifrsm; omvGef tkyfqdk;aMumif; &ef tBuaH y;onf/ OuX\ tMuH
jzpfonhf qpf'eDvel ?D ref;bcif? ajymMum;onf/ xdjk yif ocifoef; ay;csuu
f kd OD;bazESihf 'D;'kwOf ;D
apmom'if? apmbd;k cspf? apmpdef xGe;f onf ruse;f rm zqyvt bcsKw
d Ykdu axmufco
H nf/ ocif
f csmjzpfaom t
wifEiS hf om&momxkw
d Ykdukd vufcH zGUJ csKyf\ tcsut
oef;xGe;f u ueYu
f u
G
f vpfv
f yf
awGUqHkonf/ xdkodkY awGUqHk&m axGaxGtwGi;f a&;rI;wm0efrf sm;udk aom taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rIae&m
wGif u&ifudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUu qufvufxrf;aqmifEdkifrnf r
aMunmonff/
wGif udo
k ed ;f aztm; cefYxm;&efqkd
&S,fvpfygwDwpfOD;udk wGJzuft
wGif;a&;rI; cefYxm;&eftqdkwif
oGi;f onf/ ocifoef;xGe;f \ t
qdkudk OuXOD;babESihf 'D;'kwf
OD;bcsKw
d Ykdu uefYuu
G o
f nf/
udpu
kd tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;MuNyD;
aemuf vlrsm;pk\ qEtwdik ;f udk
ode;f az\ oabmwlncD suft&
udkausmfNidrf;tm; ,m,DtwGif;
a&;rI;ceYxm; A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU
tpnf;ta0;odYk wifjy&ef oabm
wlMuonf/
tpnf;a0;wGif taxGaxGudp
aqG;aEG&m zqyvonff jynfoYl
vGwv
f yfa&; csKyfcs,frI usif;y
a&;ESifh ywfowf wpfjynfv;kH
wGif aomfvnf;aumif;? &efuek f
NrdKUwGif vnf;aumif;pDpOfrnfjzpf
aomfvnf; 26Zlvikd f 1946wGif
usif;yrnhf jynfolYvGwfvyfa&;
csKyfcs,rf I uefYuu
G yf w
JG iG f zqy
vyg0ifrnfr[kwf[k qHHk;jzwf
onf/
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(194546) 20-7-46 pm 105-108
25 Zlvdkif 1946 &efukefNrdKU

armihf*dkrm&dvrf; (AkdvfcsKyfatmif
qef;vrf;)trSwf 253 jref
43
ausmfNidrf;
rmEdik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f m u&iftrsK;d om;
tzGUJ csKyBf uD;
(bDautifat)
trIaqmif aumfrwD\ txl;
tpnf ; ta0;wG i f t*F v ef o d k Y
uk,
d pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ apvGwrf nfh u
&ifA[dt
k zGUJ csKyf\ aqmif&u
G cf suf
ESihf u&ifudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUwGif
yg0ifaom yk*dKvfrsm;udkvnf;
uefYuGufonf/
[Note on Various Karn Association P6]

Burma. P 416 ]
26 Zlvdkif 1946 u&ifA[dktzGJU

csKyrf S u&ifu,
kd f pm;vS,t
f zJUG 0if
rsm;jzpfonhf qpf'eDvel ?D apmb
OD;BuD; u&ifA[kt
d zGUJ csKyf tvkyf
trIaqmifESihf udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU
wGif twGi;f a&;rI; apmOD;cspfwYkd
t*FvefEdkifiHokdY xGufcGmonf/
Mo*k w f
OD;oefY jynfawmfomc&D; ('kw,

d
ykid ;f ) &efuek /f pmayAdrmefyEHk ydS /f 1961/
pm80/ aemifu;kd um;vQif OD;oefY jynf
awmfomc&D;('k) [kGTef;rnf
[Note on Various Karn Association P6]
27 Zlvkdif 1946 qm[l;bwf&efY

u jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH&mxl;urf;
vSr;f vmjcif;ukd vufco
H nf/ okYd
aomfowif;ukd 5-8-46 rwkid rf D
rxkwfjyef&ef arwm&yfcHonf/
4 4
Zlvdkif (aemufqHk;ywf) 1946

Adv
k rf ;l BuD; zpf&ufu *syefacwf
jrefrmtpk;d & t"dywd a'gufwm
barmftm; *syefEidk if &H Sd qlumrkd
tusOf;axmifrSxkwf NAdwdoQ
oHkH;odkY ac:aqmifoGm;onf/
1 Mo*kwf 1946 *syefacwfjref

rmtpk;d &t"dywd a'gufwmbarmf
&efuek Nf rdKUokYd jyefvnf a&muf&Sd
onf/
Burma. P 416 ]
8 Mo*kwf 1946 u&ifA[dktzGJU

csKyf Ou| apmom'if t*Fvef
Ekid if o
H Ydk xGucf mG onf/
[Note on Various Karn Association P 4]
24 Mo*kwf 1946 &efuek Nf rdKUay:

&dS &yfuu
G rf sm;wGif toif;tzGUJ
aygif;pku
H
OD;pD; jynfoUl vGwf
vyfa&; tkyfcsKyfrIuefYuGufyGJrsm;
usi;f yjyD; a<u;aMumforH sm; a<u;

aMumfonf/ (a<u;aMumfoH 24
csuu
f dk &efuek cf kid f zqyvtzGUJ
csKyfrS xkwjf yefonf)
25 ESifh 27 Mo*kwf 1946 zq

yvtzGUJ csKyf OD;pD;tzGUJ \ wwd,
tMudrfajrmuf tpnf;ta0;ukd
trSwf 8 uk,
d rhf if;uk,
d chf sif;vrf;
&efukefNrdKU&dS zqyvXmecsKyf
usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif
qk;H jzwfcsuf 8 &yf csrw
S q
f ;Hk jzwf
onf/ if;wkYd rmS
1/ a&ab;'ku
2/ ,k;d ',m; jrefrm rD;&xm;vrf;
udp
3/ rD;&xm;vrf;rsm;
4/ jrefrmjynfaiGaMu;pepf
5/ jynford ;f r[mrdwpf pfwyfrsm;
6/ aiGa&;aMu;a&;tIwftaxG;
7/ ocifp;dk *kP
d ;f udp
8/ Ekid if aH &;tusOf;orm;rsm;tm;
rw&m;nOf;yef;jcif; wkYd jzpfonf/
zqyvA[kdOD;pD;tzGJU('kwd,tBudrf)
tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf; 1946? Mo*kwf
v
'D;'kwf*sme,f twGJ 20? trSwf 8?
pm 14-16? 2-9-46
28 Mo*kwf 1946 zqyv tzGUJ

csKyt
f wGi;f a&;rSL;&mxl;twGuf OD;
ausmfjidr;f ESihf OD;ode;f az ,SOjf ydKif
ta&G;cH&m OD;ausmjf idr;f u 52 rJ?
OD;ode;f azu 33 rJ&&do
S nf/
'D;'kwf*sme,f twGJ 20? trSwf 8?
pm 14? 2-9-46
30 Mo*kwf 1946 zqyv

tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ
txl;
tpnf;ta0; usi;f y&m OD;ode;f az
tm; wGb
J uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;
rSL; tjzpf cefYxm;&ef oabmwl
on/ wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;eSifh
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; r&do
S nfh
tcg if;\ae&mwGif aqmif&u
G f
&ef tcGit
hf a&;&daS Mumif; qk;H jzwf
onf/
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(194546) 30-8-46? pm 112-124
jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifco
H pf qm[l;
bwf&efpf (Sir Hubert Elvin Rance) jrefrmEkdifiHa&muf&dSonf/
[Hom0wD 4-10-46
31 Mo*kwf 1946 jrefrmEkid if H

acwbk&ifcH qm[ife&DEkdufxHrS
bk&ifcHopf qm[l;bwf&efpfu
&mxl;vTJajymif;,ljyD; usrf;opm
usdefqkdonf/
onf/
[Hom0wD tcsyyf dk (u) 1-9-46
[Hom0wD 6-9-45
puf w if b mv
2 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrmEkid if H

bk&ifcHopf qm[l;bwf&efpfukd
MudKqkyd JG tcrf;tem; &efuek jf rdKU
awmfcrf;rwGif usif;yonf/
[Hom0wD 3-9-46
3 pufwifbm 1946 jynfoUl &J

abmfwyfzUJG aoemywd Akv
d cf sKyf
atmifqef;u jynfoUl &Jabmfwyf
zGUJ XmecsKyf (jrefrmEkid if )H taxGaxG
TeMf um;csut
f rSwf 4 ukd xkwf
jyefum Ekid if aH &;ygwDrsm;u oD;
jcm;aqmif&Gufaom vkyfief;rsm;
wGif wyfzUJG 0ifrsm;taeESihf wpfO;D
csif; aomfvnf;aumif; wyfzGJU
taeESihf aomfvnf;aumif; yg0if
jcif; rjyK&[k TeMf um;onf/
jynfolU&Jabmf*sme,f wGJ 1? trSwf
19? pm 20? 18-9-46
jynfoUl &JabmftzGUJ aoemywd

AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u jynfol&J
abmftzGUJ aMunmcsuf 17 ukd
xkwfjyefonf/ xkdaMunmcsuf
wGif &efuek jf rdKU&dS &mZ0wfXmetrI
xrf;rsm;? t&mxrf;rsm;onf &
oif&h xku
d af om
tcGit
hf a&;
awmif;qkrd rI sm;ukd e,fcsUJ tpk;d &u
rvku
d af vsmojzifh pufwifbm 5
&uf? nae 3 em&DwiG f oydwf
arSmufvkdufaMumif;/ xkdoydwf
MuD; ay:aygufvmonft
h wGuf
jynfojl ynfom;wkYd \ touft;dk
tdrpf nf;pdru
f dk umuG,&f ef txl;
vkdtyfvmaMumif;/ xkdYaMumifh
jynfolY&Jabmf wyfzGJU0ifrsm;onf
wkid ;f jynfjidr0f yfyjd ym;atmif tpGr;f
ukef aqmif&u
G Mf u&rnf jzpf
aMumif;/ xkdokdYaqmif&Guf&mwGif
tpk;d &ykid ;f rS aqmif&u
G cf surf sm;ESihf
em;vnfrI&atmif MudK;pm;aqmif
&GufMu&rnfjzpfaMumif;/ oydwf
om;rsm;tm; vkt
d yfaom tul
tnD ay;&rnfjzpfaMumif; yg&dS
onf/
5 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrmEkid if H

ykvyd t
f zGUJ 0iftiftm; 3000 ausmf
cefYu &efukefNrdKU a&Twd*kHapwD
awmf &m[kaxmifh oHwefaqmif; [Hom0wD 6-9-46
MuD; txl;tpnf;ta0; usi;f y jynfolU&Jabmf*sme,f wGJ 1? trSwf
um oydwaf rSmuf&ef qk;H jzwf 19? pm 20? 4-10-46
vdyfoydwfukd cktajctaexuf
rqk;d rDtcsed t
f wGi;f aMuat;atmif
tjrefaphpyf
aqmif&u
G af y;&ef
awmif;qkdaMumif; xkdjyifhwkdif;ol
jynfom;rsm; jidrf0yfydjym;pGmjzifh
tjrefaphpyfaqmif&u
G af y;&ef awmif;
qkdaMumif; wkdif;oljynfom;rsm;
[Hom0wD 7-9-46
jidrf0yfydjym;pGmESifh pnf;urf;ao
0yfpmG aexkid Mf u&ef oydwaf rSmuf
6 pufwifbm 1946 &efukefNrdKU aeMuaom ykvyd rf sm;ukd pGr;f tm;
wGif ykvdyfoydwfarSmufaejcif; &do
S rQ ulnaD xmufyMhH u&efarwm
udpE iS hf pyfvsO;f zqyvtzGUJ &yfcaH Mumif; yg&do
S nf/
csKyf tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ rS aMu [Hom0wD 7-9-46
nmcsuw
f pf&yfxw
k jf yefonf/ xkd
aMunmcsufwGif ykvdyftrIxrf; 9 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrmjynf
t&mxrf;rsm;onf wkdif;jynfjidrf uGefjrLepfygwDu zqyvtzGJU
0yfydjym;a&;ukd apmifha&Smufum csKyftm; *kP
d ;f aygif;pku
H eG zf &ifah c:
uG,af eolrsm;jzpf&m ykvyd o
f ydwf &ef wku
d w
f eG ;f aom aMunmpm
ay:vmjcif;aMumifh wkdif;jynftkyf wrf;ukd xkwjf yefonf/
f rf;(1945csKyaf &;ukd xdcu
dk af Mumif;? &efuek f zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
ykvyd rf sm; vkv
d m;csurf sm; raus 46) pm 128-130 14-9-46
eyfcsurf sm;ukd a0zefMunhf &I mwGif
xkt
d csurf sm; vku
d af vsmjyKjyifay; ykvyd rf if;MuD;u oydwaf rSmuf
oifo
h nf[k xifjrifaMumif;? yk onfh ykvyd rf sm; pufwifbm 5
vdyt
f zGUJ MuD;ukd jyefvnfjyKjyifay; &ufaeYrpS tvkyjf yKwaf p[kaMu
oifo
h nf[k ,lqaMumif;? ,ckvdk nmonf/
jzpfonfrmS puLjzLpmwrf;t& jAd [Hom0wD 4-10-46
wdoQtpk;d &wkYd\ 0g'pepfjzifh tkyf
csKyfpDrHrIrS ay:aygufvmjcif;jzpf 12 pufwifbm 1946 ykvyd rf if;
f ydwf vSe&f efEiS hf
aMumif;? xkYdaMumifh tpk;d &u yk MuD;u ykvyd o
rvSeyf gu ykvyd af jy;awGtaeESihf
&efuek t
f a&;ykid f OD;boG,u
f
jrefrmjynfumuG,fa&; enf;Oy
a' 53 t& &efuek cf kid t
f wGi;f
n 22;30 rS eHeuf 04;00 em&D
twGi;f rnforl qkd tdrrf x
S u
G cf mG
oGm;vmjcif;rjyK&[laom ae0if
rD;jidrf; trdefYxkwfjyefonf/
45
ausmfNidrf;
ta&;,lrnf[k aMunmonf/
[Hom0wD 4-10-46
14 pufwifbm 1946 zqyv

tzGUJ csKyf tvkyt
f rIaqmiftpnf;
ta0;usif;yaepOf jrefrmEkdifiH
bk&ifcH qm[l;bwf&efUpfu Akv
d f
csKyfatmifqef;xH ay;ykdYaompm
uk&d &do
S nf/ xkpd mwGiv
f uf&b
Sd &k if
cH\ trIaqmiftzGUJ ukd zsuo
f rd ;f
us,0f ef;aom (Brood based)
trIaqmifaumifpD tzGUJ opf zGUJ
pnf;vkad Mumif;? zqyv\oabm
xm;ukd odvadk Mumif; yg&do
S nf/
zqyvtrIaqmiftzGUJ u bk&ifcH
\ay;pmukd pOf;pm;MujyD;aemuf
trsK;d om;tpk;d & awmif;qk&d ef qk;H
jzwfonf/ xkq
d ;Hk jzwfcsut
f wkid ;f
bk&ifcHtm; awGUqkHawmif;qkd&ef
OD;bab? ocifjrESihf OD;ausmjf idr;f
wkYd tm; vTt
J yfonf/
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(194546) pm 128-130 14-9-46
14 ESifh 19 pufwifbm 1946

&Srf;jynfawmifykdif; awmifMuD;NrdKU
wGif &Sr;f jynfv;Hk qkid &f m ta&;ay:
uGezf &ifh usi;f yonf/ uGezf &ifh
wGif obmywdtjzpf a'gufwm
cGefomat;? twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf
4 6
ukpd aH zu aqmif&u
G o
f nf/ uGef
z&ifhwGif
1/ &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om; rsK;d cspyf *k Kd vf
rsm;ukd pepfwuspkkH;aygif;pnf;
&ef/
2/ wkid ;f jcm; e,fcsUJ pepf vuf
atmufrS Ekid if aH &;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrI
qufqHa&;ponfjzifh vkH;0vGwf
vyffa&;&&dSatmif aqmif&Guf&ef/
3/ &Sr;f jynf\ uHMurmukd &Sr;f
wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;uom pDrzH efw;D
&ef ponfwYdkudk &nf&,
G o
f nf/
&Srf;jynfe,f vGwfvyf
a&; tzGUJ csKyfMuD;ukd zGUJ pnf;onf/
&Sr;f jynfe,f vGwv
f yfa&;tzGUJ csKyf
aMunmpmwrf; trSwf 1 ukx
d w
k f
jyefonf/ trIaqmifrsm;rSm
1/ a'gufwmcGeo
f mat; Ou|
2/ OD;xGe;f jrifh
3/ OD;bab
b@ma&;rSL;
4/ OD;pHaz
jyefMum;a&;rSL;
5/ OD;xGe;f az
pnf;kH;a&;rSL;
6/ OD;tkef;az(vdGKifvif)tzGJU0if
7/ Akv
d b
f &D
tzGJU0if
8/ OD;pHwif tzGJU0if
9/ OD;vSrif; tzGJU0if
10/ OD;at;armif(rkd;eJ) tzGJU0if rnf[k &mZoHay;onf/

11/ OD;oef;az(rk;d rdw)f tzGJU0if [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 32]
12/ OD;xGe;f OD;(oDayg) tzGJU0if
wkdYjzpfonf/
&Srf;jynfajrmufykdif; ya'o&mZf qefY tzGJUcsKyfu aMunmcsufwpf&yf
usif a wmf v S e f a &;rS w f w rf ; (uefY xkwfjyefonf/ xkdaMunmcsuf
owf) vufEydS pf ufr?l awmifMuD;jrdKU/ wGif tvkyo
f rm;rsm; awmif;qkd
30-10-1986/ aemifu;dk um;vQif y
f sufcsif;ay;
a'o&mZfqefYusifa&; [kTef;rnf/ aeonfh &Sm;yg;p&dwc
dS cf sKyfcs,fonfh Oya'rsm;
OD;tke;f az yifvHkppfwrf; pm 346- &ef zdEy
kyo
f rd ;f ay;&efEiS hf trsK;d om;tpk;d &
347
kkjrefrmhtvif; 29-9-46
zGJUpnf;ay;&efwkdY yg&dSonf/
15 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrmEkid f

iH pmykdYESifhaMu;eef;qufoG,fa&; jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qm[l;bwf
Xmeu oydwaf rSmufonf/ a&Twd &efp\
f trIaqmifaumifpD (0ef
*kw
H iG f oydwEf pS v
f ;Hk qko
H nf/
MuD;tzGUJ )rS atmufazmfjyygyk*Kd vf
35 &ufZmwfuGuf'kdif,m&D [Hom rsm; Ekwx
f u
G o
f nf/
0wD 4-10-46
qmay:xGef; jynfxaJ &;ESiw
hf &m;
pmwkdufoydwfXmecsKyf oydwfvSef
a&;Xme
aMunmpmwrf; [Hom0wD 4-10qmxGef;atmifausmf b@ma&;
46
ESihf tcGeaf wmfXme
d yf sK;d a&;ESihf aus;
16 pufwifbm 1946 trIxrf; OD;yk v,f,mpku
aygif;pkH aumfrwDu jrefrmEkid if H vufawm&Gmpnfyifa&;Xme
bk&ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpx
f H &Sm; OD;&efatmif ynma&;Xme
yg; pm;&dww
f ;dk jriahf y;&ef awmif; OD;vGef; jynfoUl vkyif ef;ESihf jyef
qko
d nf/ xkad wmif;qkcd suu
f dk puf vnf xlaxmifa&;Xme
wifbm 21 &ufaeY aemufq;Hk ref;bcif aygif;oif;qufqaH &;
xm;jyD; vku
d af vsm&ef tu,f ESihf MuD;yGm;a&;Xme
rvku
d af vsmygu pufwifbm 23 om,m0wDarmifarmif o,f,l
&ufaeYwiG f oydww
f u
dk yf JG qifEJT ykdYaqmifa&;ESifh vrf;yef;quf
oG,fa&;Xme
OD;xGef;tkyf pDru
H ed ;f Xme
[New Times of Burma : 18-946]
jrefrmha&SUaqmifowif;pm 18-946
18 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrmEkdif

iHb&k ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpu
f Akv
d f
csKyfatmifqef;tdrfokdY vma&muf
awGUqkHaqG;aEG;onf/
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(194546) pm 131/ 19-9-46

trIaqmif tpnf;ta0; usi;f y
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Akv
d cf sKyf
atmifqef;u jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH
qm[l;bwf&efYpf if;tdrfvm
a&mufpOfu aqG;aEG;cJo
h nfrsm;ukd
tpD&ifcHonf/ AkdvfcsKyfatmif
qef;u bk&ifco
H nfoydwaf rSmuf
aeaom ykvyd rf sm;tm;tvkyx
f w
k f
ypf&ef oabmwlncD suf ay;vku
d f
jyDjzpfaMumif;? uJo
h Ydk ay;vku
d f
&jcif;rSmvnf; uefYowfxm;aom
&ufwGif tvkyf jyefrqif;vQif
tvkyrf S xkwyf ,f &yfprJ nf [l
aomjyefxrf;xkwpf Ofu if;uk,
d f
wkid f oabmwlnx
D m;jcif;aMumifh
jzpfaMumif;? okdYaomf if;wkdYukd
tvkyf jyefoiG ;f &efrmS jzpfEidk f

aMumif;? trIxrf;or*aygif;pkEH iS hf
ykvdyfoydwfudpw
Gif EkdifiHa&;o
rm;rsm;\ ya,m*ygonfxif
aMumif; ajymjyonf/ AkdvfcsKyf
atmifqef;u qm[l;bwf&efYpf
tm; jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qma':ref
prpf jrefrmEkid if aH &mufvmonfu
p jrefrmEkdifiHa&;tajctaersm;
ukd ajymjy jrefrmjynfov
l x
l k
onf tpk;d &tm; pdwef m t,kH
tMunfuif;rJah eaMumif;? jynfoUl
&Jabmfrsm;ukd zrf;qD;jcif;udpE Sifh
ywfouf ykdrkdpdwfemcJhaMumif;?
oydwo
f rm;rsm; epfemcsufudk
aMuat;atmif jyKvkyf&eftwGuf
ckt
H zGUJ wpfzUJG tjrefzUJG oifah Mumif;?
xkcd t
Hk zGUJ wGif zqyv uk,
d pf m;
vS,t
f csKdUyg0if tzGUJ csKyf qk;H
jzwfcsufcsEkdifcGifhtmPm &dSoifh
aMumif;? okYdro
S m wkid ;f jynfEiS hf o
ydwo
f rm;rsm;u xkt
d zGUJ ukd t,kH
tMunf&rSd nfjzpfaMumif;? bk&ifcH
\trIaqmifaumifpD 0ifa&muf
a&;ESihf ywfouf zqyv\vkd
vm;awmif;qkdcsufrSm trsKd;om;
tpkd;&yifjzpfaMumif;? 0efMuD;tzGJU
wGif b@ma&;tmPmaumif;pGm
jynfph
Hk umuG,af &;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;
a&;Xmeukd jzpfap? umuG,af &;ESihf
cTsif;csefxm;aom Xmeukdjzpfap
wkdif;jynfbufokdY vTJay;EkdifrSom
zqyvu tzsOf;qkH; vufEkdif
aumif; vufcHEkdifrnfhtajctae
ukd &ayvdrrhf nf [k,q
l aMumif;
ajymjy&m bk&ifcu
H rnfoYdkaom
b@ma&;
tcGit
hf mPmrsm;udk
awmif;qkdvkdoenf; awmif;vkd
aomtcsurf sm;udk bdvyfoYdk oH
MudK;ku
d af y;rnf[k ajymonf/ xkd
tcg Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;utao;
pdwt
f csut
f vufrsm;ukd zqyv
trIaqmiftzGUJ ESihf wkid yf ifjyD;rSom
vQif taMumif;jyefEkdifrnf jzpf
aMumif; ajymcJo
h nfrsm;ukd tpD&if
cHonf/
xkdYaemuf oydwfudpE Sifh
pyfvsO;f wGzJ ufcHk zGUJ pnf;a& rzGUJ
pnf;a&;ukd a&S;OD;pGm trIxrf;
aygif;pkH or*u,
dk pf m;vS,rf sm;ESifh
aqG;aEG;jyD; if;wkdYoabmwlnD
csuf &rSomvQif zGUJ oifh rzGUJ oifh
ukd bk&ifct
H m; tBuHPfay;&ef
qkH;jzwfonf/
aqG;aEG;yGu
J si;f y&m trIxrf;or*
aygif;pku
H ,
dk pf m;vS,rf sm;u taxG
axGaygif;pko
H ydwu
f dk 23 &ufaeY
wGif arSmufrSjzpfrnfjzpfaMumif;
okYdr[kwyf gu rdrw
d Ydktiftm;ysuf
pD;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymMum;
onf/
zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(194546) pm 133-134? 19-9-46
zqyv tvkyt
f rIaqmif
tpnf;ta0;onf/ tpnf;ta0;
wGif trIxrf;aygif;pkHor*ukd,f
pm;vS,rf sm;wifjyonfh uefYowf
xm;aom &uftwkid ;f pufwifbm
23 &ufaeYwiG f taxGaxGoydwf
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[Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 138]
[ New Times of Burma: 13-111946]
[Mourice Collis Last and First
in Burma P 284 ]
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onf/
13 Edk0ifbm 1946 jrefrmEdkifiH wkYd Armtpnf;tk;H uGezf &ifh cs OD;nDav; igwkdYAkdvfcsKyf (y) pm 30hJ nfh wkYd Armtpnf;tk;H \
bk&ifcHqm[l;bwf&efY(pf) u rSwcf o
34
avmhyufopfavm&ihf (u) uJo
h Ykd 0g'ukd aMunmonf/ xk0d g'rSm
61
ausmfNidrf;
28 ESifh 30 Ekd0ifbm 1946 jrpf

MuD;em;jrdKUwGif ajrmufoEd ?D Aef;
armf? jrpfMuD;em;ckid rf S ucsif
tMuD;tuJrsm; jzpfonfh
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aZmfv (Aef;armf)
aZmfveG ;f (Aef;armf)
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ucsijf ynfe,f &&daS &; awmif;qkd
&ef qk;H jzwfonf/
30 Ek0d ifbm 1946 jrpfMuD;em;jrdKU

refpdef&GmwGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
ESifh ucsiftrsKd;om;acgif;aqmif
rsm; cspfMunfa&; rdwfqkHpm;yGJ
usif;yonf/
r&rfabmufvm qrm;'l;0gqif0g;
aemif pm 69
Ekd0ifbmv 1946 &Srf;jynfjynf

olUvGwfvyfa&;tzGJU (&Srf;jynf
vGwaf &;tzGUJ ) tpnf;ta0;usif;
y tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUukd
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OD;xGef;jrifh (awmifMuD;) wkdYjzifh
xyfrHzGJUpnf;onf/
OD;tkef;azyifvkHppfwrf;pm399-400
6 2
'D Z if b mv
1 'DZifbm 1946 jrpfMuD;em;jrdKU
e,f refpdef&GmwGif ucsiftMuD;
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vG , f v uf a qmif a y;tyf o nf h
tcrf;tem; usif;yonf/
OD;nDav; igwkdYAkdvfcsKyf (y) pm 3035
4 'DZifbm 1946 jrefrmEkid if H

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5 'DZifbm 1946 jrefrmEkid if H qm

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2 eSifh3 'DZifbm 1946 usKu

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108-109/ aemifu;dk um;vQif OD;Ekwm
awpaeom;[kTef;rnf/
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1-9-71
1935 ckEpS f jrefrmEkid if H pD&iftyk f

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7 'DZifbm 1946 Akv
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tTef;('k) pm 340
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15-1-47 rwkid rf D aumufcv
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ref atmufvTwfawmf tpnf;
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oHawmifqifh 22-13-46

csKyfu jAdwo
d Qtpk;d &\ zdwaf c:
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onf/
1 Zefe0g&D 1947 &efuek Nf rdKU?

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f yfa&;
qEjyyGJusif;yonf/
27 'DZifbm 1946 "m;jyrI? vk

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f rl sm;tm; vGwf
jidrf;csrf;omcGifh xkwfjyefonf/
oHawmfqifh 2-1-47
[New Time of Burma 11-12-46]
[Statement by the Prime Minister to the Horse of Commons 20

December 1946. Hourse of Commons deballe (hansond) Vol 413
Cols . P 243-5]
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 209
-210]
23 'DZifbm 1946 zqyvtrI

aqmif tpnf;ta0; usi;f y
t*FvefEidk if o
H Ydk bk&ifc\
H trI
aqmifaumifp0D if zqyv0efMuD;
rsm;jzpfaom AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;?
OD;babESihf ocifjrwkYdudk apvTwf
&ef oabmwlq;Hk jzwfonf/
2 Zefe0g&D 1947 Akv

d cf sKyfatmif
qef;OD;aqmifonfh jrefrmukd,f
pm;vS,ftzGJU 'gukdwmav,mOf
jzifh t*FvefEidk if o
H Ydk xGucf mG onf/
'D;'kwf*sme,f/wG-J 20/ rSw-f 27/ pm
4-5/ 13-1-47
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf tdE,
d
Ekid if H e,l;a'vDoYdk a&muf&o
Sd nf/
3 Zefe0g&D 1947 &efuek cf kid f

zqyv tzGUJ csKyf
tmZmenf
Adrmef wnfaqmufa&; tzGUJ cGJ
tpnf;ta0;wGif tmZmenfArd mef
wnfaqmufa&;udpr sm; aqG;aEG;
onf/
'D;'kwf*sme,f/wG-J 20/ rSw-f 27/ pm
14/ 13-1-47

-214]
owif;pkHw-JG 1/ rSw-f 45/ 27-1246
Zefe0g&Dv
5 Zefe0g&D 1947 zqyvtzGUJ

csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; OD;
ausmfjidr;f t*FvefEidk if o
H Ydk jrefrm
ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU0if tjzpfoGm;
a&mufjcif;ESihf tpk;d &tzGUJ okYd 0if
65
ausmfNidrf;
a&mufjcif;wkYd aMumifh OD;AaqGtm;

zqyv tzGUJ csKyf
taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpf cefYtyf
onf/
'kwd,tMudrfjynfvkH;uRwfzqyv
nDvmcHrSwfwrf;/&efukef/ zqyvykH
ESyd /f 1948/ pm 48/aemifu;dk um;vQif
zqyv'kw,
d nDvmcHrw
S w
f rf;[kTef;
rnf/
vrf;&dS jAdwo
d Q eef;&if;0ef;Hk
ta0;wGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u
jrefrmuk,
d pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ \ taxG
axGaMunmcsuf toifrh jzpfaom
aMumifh wifjyojzifh tpnf;ta0;
ukd Zefe0g&Dv 15 &ufaeYwiG f
usif;y&ef qk;H jzwfonf/
-267]
9 Zefe0g&D 1947 Akv

d cf sKyfatmif
qef;eSihf uk,
d pf m;vS,f tzGUJ 0if 15 Zefe0g&D 1947 jrefrmuk,
d f
tcsKdU t*FvefEidk if H vef'efjrdKUokYd pm;vS,t
f zGUJ ESihf jAdwo
d Qtpk;d &
a&muf&dSonf/
uk,
d pf m;vS,w
f Ydk trSwf 10 a'gif;
eif;vrf;wGif tpnf;ta0;usi;f y
-250]
[Huge Tinker The Union of Bur- &m Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u jrefrm
ma,Oxford University Press, 19
ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU taxGaxG
57. P 23, hereafter cited as Huge
aMunmcsufukd wifoGif;onf/
Tinker The Union of Burma]
10 ESifh 16 Zefe0g&D 1947 zq
yvtzGUJ csKyrf S MuD;rSL; &efuek jf rdKU
ESihf jrefrmwpfjynfv;Hk wGif vGwf
vyfa&;qEEiS hf tiftm;jyyGJ &uf
owywfqifETJonf/
OD;AaqG vGwfvyfa&;yef;wkdifokdY pm
38/ a&Tw*l sme,f/ wG-J 1/ rSw-f 14/
1-9-1971
14 Zefe0g&D 1947 jrefrmukd,f

pm;vS,t
f zGUJ ESihf jAdwo
d Qtpk;d &wkYd
vef'efjrdKU trSwf 10 a'gif;eif;
6 6
vufeufcsonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP
520]
21 Zefe0g&D 1947 ya'o&mZf

&Srf;jynfe,f pyfzrsm;aumifpDu
jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qm[l;bwf&efY
pfrw
S pfqifh jAdwo
d Qtpk;d &xH ]]&Sr;f
jynfe,frsm;udp trSmpm 1 ESihf
2}} ukd ay;ykYdonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP ?]
OD;tke;f az yifvkHppfwrf; pm 395
owif;pkH*sme,f/wGJ-1/ rSwf-46/
pm/ 31-1-47
23 Zefe0g&D 1947 jrefrmEkdifiH

bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpDu
jrefrmjynf uGejf rLepfygwD ESihf
uGejf rLepfygwD (jrefrmjynf) tm;
rw&m;toif; tjzpf aMunm
onf/
ol&d, 22-1-47
jrefrmEkdifiHjyefwrf; 24-1-47
ocifp;dk \ tvHeu
D eG jf rLepfyg
wDu OD;aqmif twGi;f 0efrsm;k;H 25 Zefe0g&D 1947
(,ck 0efMuD;rsm;k;H )ukd 0kid ;f qE
27 Zefe0g&D 1947 atmifqef;
jy&m ykvyd rf sm;u vlpck o
JG nf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 337 -tufwvD oabmwlpmcsKyfukd
-338]
vufrw
S af &;xk;d onf/ oawmwl
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 267 jrefrmhtvif; 22-1-47
nDcsuf\ aemufqufwGJukd OD;
-269]
apmESihf ocifApdew
f Ydku oabm

bMu;D bab (zqyvtzGUJ rwlnaD Mumif; rSwcf sujf zifh vuf
16 Zefe0g&D 1947 ya'o&mZf
csKyf? bk&ifcHtrIaqmifaumifpD rSwfa&;xkd;onf/
rSm &Srf;jynfe,fpyfzrsm;aumifpD
0if) t*FvefEidk if H vef'efNrdKUokYd [Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 376
awmif;qkd&ef ]]&Srf;jynfe,frsm;
-382]
xGufcGmonf/
udp trSmpm 1 ESihf 2 }}ukd twnf [Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 313]
jyK qk;H jzwfonf/
31 Zefe0g&D 1947 Akv
d cf sKyf
OD;tke;f az yifvkHppfwrf; pm 38122 Zefe0g&D 1947 jrefrmjynf atmifqef;OD;aqmifonfh jrefrm
349
uGejf rLepfygwD (tvHjzL) ta&; uk,
d pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ vef'efrjS refrm
17 Zefe0g&D 1947 &ckid jf ynfe,f ay:uGefz&ifhwGif ocifoef;xGef; EkdifiHokdY jyefvnfxGufcGmonf/
wGif OD;pdEm ESiahf emufvu
dk f 37 OD; tm; Ou|tjzpf wifajrm uf
onf/
aemufyidk ;f wGif taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;[k azmfjyxm;onfuadk wGU&onf
azaz:0g&D
Mum;onf/
Hk v
D mcH pwifusi;f y
2 azaz:0g&D 1947 AkdvfcsKyf yifvn
atmifqef;OD;aqmifonfh jrefrm onf/
ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU &efukefjrdKUokdY
4 azaz:0g&D 1947 Akv
d cf sKyf
jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP387] atmifqef;u toHvi
T hf rHk S bdvyf
jrefrmhtvif; 5-2-47
jyefrdefYcGef;ukd ajymMum;onf/
oHawmfqifh 22-1-47
OD;nDav; igwkdYAkdvfcsKyf (y) pm 274
jAdwo
d Qtpk;d &\ 'krd eD ,
D q
H idk &f m
ygvDref twGi;f 0ef at&Datmf

n 8 em&DwiG f zqyvtrI
wGerf av (Mr. Arthur George
aqmiftpnf;ta0;usi;f y&m Akv
d f
Bottomley) jrefrmEkdifiHa&muf&dS
csKyfatmifqef;u atmifqef;onf/
tufwvD oabmwlnDcsufukd
wifjyonf/ trIaqmiftzGUJ 0ifwYdk
5 azaz:0g&D 1947 u&ifA[kd
u aqG;aEG;jyD; atmifqef;-tuf
tzGUJ csKyrf S MuD;rSL; u&ifnv
D mcH
wvDoabmwlncD sufudk vufcH
obif usi;f y atmifqef;tuf
&ef qk;H jzwfonf/
wvDoabmwlncD suo
f nf u&if
trsK;d om;wkYd\ tcGit
hf a&;udk xd
jrefrmtpk;d & twGi;f 0efcsKyfu
yg; epfemapojzifh uefYuu
G f
jAdwdoQtpkd;& jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;
aMumif; qk;H jzwfonf/ uefYuu
G f
0efxH jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f wln0D wfpHk
csufudk jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcrH w
S pf
0wfonfh tzGUJ tpnf; 8 zGUJ &dS
qifh jAdwo
d Qeef;&if;0efxH ay;ykYd
aMumif; tpD&ifco
H nf/
onf/
3 azaz:0g&D 1947 Akv

d cf sKyf
nDvmcHwi
G f apmbOD;MuD;tm;
atmifqef;u zqyvtzGJUcsKyf
bk&ifcH\ trIaqmifaumifpDrS
owif;pmq&mrsm;udk zdwfMum;
EIwx
f u
G &f ef qk;H jzwfonf/ a&G;
um vef'efjyKvkycf ahJ om vGwf
aumufyGJ oydwfarSmuf&ef qkH;
vyfa&;aqG;aEG;yGu
J dk &Si;f vif;ajym
jzwfonf/
olUuk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; yl;aygif;
&Sr;f jynfaumifpt
D rIaqmiftzGUJ
u&ifA[kd tpnf;tk;H MuD;ukd
Shan State Council zGUJ pnf;
u&iftrsK;d om; or* (Karen onf/
National Union K.U.N) [l
trnfopfay;onf/ Ou|tjzpf 9 azaz:0g&D 1947 yifvn
Hk v
D m
apmpHb;dk oifEiS hf 'kw,
d Ou| apm cHoYdk abmfweG rf av? rpwmvuf
bOD;MuD;? taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; 0'fcsf (Mr. Ledwidge)ESihf *Reaf v
tjzpf o&momxkd wkYdjzpfonf/ 'if (John Leyden) wkYda&muf&Sd
onf/
jrefrmEki
d if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m awmifol
v,form;tpnf;tkH; nDvmcH tif;pdef tusO;f axmifwiG f
wGif Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;u rdeYfceG ;f tusO;f om;rsm; x<urIay:ayguf
ajymMum;&m
awmifov
l ,f onft
h wGuf aoewfjzifh ypfcwf
orm;rsm;onf jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f vl ESrd ef if;&m ok;H OD;aoqk;H jyD; trsm;
rsm;pkMuD; jzpfaMumif;? awmifol tjym; 'Pf&m&&do
S nf/
v,form; tcGifhta&;rygonfh
vGwfvyfa&;onf t"dym,fr&dS 10 azaz:0g&D 1947 jrefrmEkid f
aMumif;/ awmifolv,form;vkd iH bk&ifc\
H trIaqmifaumifp0D if
vm;onfh ajrpepfudk jyKjyifajymif; o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;ESifh vrf;yef;
vJvkdaMumif; ajymMum;onf/
qufo,
G af &; 0efMuD; ocifApdef
EIwfxGufonf/
7 azaz:0g&D 1947 yifvn
Hk v
D m
cH usi;f yaepOftwGi;f awmifwef; 12 azaz:0g&D 1947 yifvHk
om;rsm; pnf;vk;H nDnw
G af &;tzGUJ oabmwlncD suu
f dk
Akv
d cf sKyf
Supreme Council of United atmifqef;ESihf wki
d ;f &if;om;acgif;
Hill People/ SCOUHP zGUJ pnf; aqmif 22 OD; vufrw
S af &;xk;d
onf/
onf/
&Sr;f apmfbmG ;rsm;ESihf &Sr;f jynf 13 azaz:0g&D 1947 jrefrmEkdifiH

67
ausmfNidrf;
bk&ifcH\ trIaqmifaumifpD0if jyefvnfzGJUpnf;onf/

ynma&;ESit
hf rsK;d om;pDru
H ed ;f 0ef
MuD; OD;apm EIwx
f u
G o
f nf/
25 azaz:0g&D 1947 jrefrmjynf
uGeNf rLepfygwD (tvHjzL) uOD;
u uGejf rLepfygwD (jrefrmjynf) aqmif jzL;jrdKUwGif jrefrmEkid if H
tvHeDacgif;aqmif ocifpkd;tm; vkH;qkdif&m awmifolv,form;
rsm; nDvmcHudk usi;f yonf/
zrf;rdonf/
15 ESifh 16 azaz:0g&D 1947
zqyv A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ yrtMudrf
ajrmuf tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif AkdvfcsKyfatmif
qef;u atmifqef;-tufwvD
pmcsKyEf iS hf pyfvsO;f &Si;f vif;wif
jy&m A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ u atmifqef;
-tufwvD pmcsKyfukd vufcH
twnfjyKonf/
22 azaz:0g&D 1947 Karen
Concil of Action \qk;H jzwfcsuf
rsm;ukd Ou| apmpHb;dk oif ESihf
twGif;a&;rSL; apmpHau;wkdYu
xkwfjyefonf/
23 azaz:0g&D 1947 jrefrmEkdifiH
bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpDukd
6 8
azaz:0g&D 1947 awmifwef;

a'o pkpH rf;a&;aumfrwD (Frontier Area Enquiry Committee)
ukd zGJUpnf;onf/ aumfrwDwGif
Ou|tjzpf jAdwo
d QvTwaf wmf
avbmtrwf rpwm &D;pf0v
D QH
(Lt. Col. D.R Rees William )u
aqmif&u
G jf yD; jrefrmuk,
d pf m;vS,f
rsm;tjzpf OD;Ek? OD;wifxw
G ?f OD;
cifarmifuav;? OD;ausmfjidrf;?
e,fjcm;a'o ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
tjzpf rkid ;f yGeaf pmfbmG ; pyfpx
H eG ;f
(&Srf;)? qrm;'l;0g;qif0g;aemif
(ucsi)f ? OD;0rfuadk [m (csi;f )? apm
pHau; (u&iftrsKd;om;,leD,H)
wkYd yg0ifjyD; twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf
vef'ef&dS jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&mkH;rS
rpwm vuf0*D sf (Mr. W.B.J
Ledwidge) wGb
J uf twGi;f a&;
rSL; tjzpf e,fjcm;0efxrf;tzGUJ 0if
OD;xGef;az? vufaxmuftwGif;
a&;rSL;tjzpf Akv
d rf LS ;&Sr;f vkw
H Ydk yg
0ifonf/
cspMf unfa&;
txdr;f trSwf
ausmufwkdifpkdufxl&ef tkwfjrpfcs
tcrf;tem; usi;f y&m 'D;'kwOf ;D
rwf v
bcsKd? OD;0rfo;l armifEiS hf Z[l;wkYd
1 rwfv 1947 u&ifftrsKd;om; tkwfjrpfcsMuonf/
,le,
D H tpnf;ta0;udk trSwf 5
OD;vlev
D rf; prf;acsmif;wGif usif; 7 &ufESifh 17 &uf rwf 1947
yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Ou| awmifwef;a'o pkHprf;a&;aumf
apmpHbkd;oifu u&ifawmif;qkd rwDonf ucsiaf 'o? jrpfMuD;em;?
csuf 6 &yfEiS hf ywfouf auseyf Aef;armf? &Sr;f jynfe,frS vm;I;d ?
f ifEiS hf awmifMuD;? u&ifeD
zG,&f m jyefMum;csuf r&ao; vG,v
(,cku,m;) rS vGKd ifaumfEiS hf
armfO;D jrdKUrsm;wGif yPmrpkpH rf;ppf
f nf/
2 rwf 1947 rpwm&D;0DvsH jrefr aq;rIrsm; jyKvkyo
rmEkid if H a&muf&o
Sd nf/
8 rwf 1947 jrefrmjynfa&G;
3 rwf 1947 Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef; aumufyJG rif;MuD;u rJay;ykaH y;
u
u&iftrsK;d om;,le,
D rf enf;pepfudk xkwfjyefonf/
jref rmjynf
twGif;a&;rSL;xH u&iftrsKd;om;
a&G;aumufyGJrif;MuD;u
tcGiahf &;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh pmjyef
rJay;ykHenf;ukdxkwfjyef
Mum;ay;ykdYonf/
rJay;a&; tpDtpOfwGif
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\trIaqmifaumifpD0if 0efMuD; ay;&mrS trwfae&mtrsm;twGuf
ay;jcif;okYd ajymif;vGo
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apmbOD;MuD; EIwx
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jzpfaMumif;? rJqEe,f wpfe,f
4 &ufESifh 6 &uf rwf 1947 wGif trwfEpS af ,mufus a&G;
f pfO;D onf eHygwf
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ArmcspfMunfa&;nDvmcHudk usif; wl rJjym; 2 ck&rnf/ if;rJjym;ESpf
k o
J Ydk rxnfEh idk /f
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(4) qkid &f ma'o (ucsi?f csi;f ESihf

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ray;vQif rnfonfh Oya'rQ,if;
e,fajr a'ookYd tmPmouf
a&mufciG hf r&daS p&/
(5) avmavmq,f tajctae
t& e,fjcm;a'orsm;wGif rJykH;
axmif a&G;aumufyGJ jyKvkyf&ef
rjzpfEidk af o;aomaMumifh a'ot
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& wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK vTwaf wmfoYdk
wufa&mufcGifh&&ef/
(6) awmifwef;om;rsm; pnf;vk;H
G af &; OD;pD;tzGUJ taejzifw
h pf
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awmfwiG f yg0if&efwYdk udk qk;H jzwf
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onf/
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rsm; pnf;vk;H nDnw
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tpnf;ta0;usif;y&m xkt
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ta0;tzGJUrS
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awmfokdY ukd,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm; ar;cGe;f 18 ckudk twnfjyKq;Hk
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t&r[kwb
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ar;jref;onf/
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csi;f jyefyYdk&rnf/ 12-4-47 nae
6 em&Dausmrf S &aomf vufrcH/
xH tpD&ifcpH mukd wifoiG ;f onf/

21 rwf 1947 zqyvtzGJUcsKyf
ESihf jrefrmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD aph 28 rwf 1947 rsKd;cspfygwDacgif;
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k tMuHtpnf
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d MuHEpS f
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ESifhyuf&ef BuHpnfMudK;pm;vsuf&dS onf/
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ay;jcif;jzpfaponfh uk,
d t
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f rlt&mrsm;udk txl;owdjyK 1 {jyD 1947 jAdwdoQygvDrefu
a&Smif&mS ;Mu&ef av;eufpmG owd yifvkHpmcsKyfudk twnfjyKonf/
ay;vkdufaMumif;
yg&dSonf/
1 &ufESifh 3 &uf {jyD 1947
&ckid jf ynfe,f ajrykjH rdKUwGif &ckid f
24 rwf 1947 avmh'fvl0Darmifh wkdif;vkH;qkdif&m nDnGwfa&;wyf
bufwef tdE,
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9 {jyD 1947 wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvTwf
jrefrmEki
d if H tpk;d &u cefYtyf awmf a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yonf/
xm;onfh xef;wyif aoewfypf a&G;aumufyGJwGif
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aygif;rS 255 ae&mjzpfonf/ xkd
255 ae&mteuf zqyvtzGUJ csKyf
u todtrSwjf yKjcif;jzifh atmif
jrifpmG ta&G;cs,cf &H aom trwf
OD;a&rSm 243 a,mufjzpfonf/
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9 {jyD 1947 jrefrmEkid if b

H &k ifcH
u bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpD
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ESihf qmarmifMuD;wkYd trIaqmif
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f u
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18 {jyD 1947 wkdif;jyKjynfjyK

vTwaf wmf jrdwrf q
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d yf gaom jAd
wdoQ tdE,
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(British Indi Sterm Irrarigation
Company)tufpftufpfqmaA;
t'ifqif (S.S. Sir Harvery Sdamsim )oabmFonf &efukefrS
jrdwo
f Ydk xGucf mG vm&m xm;0,f
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aysmufqkH;onf/
23 {jyD 1947 avmh'v
f pw0dk v
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(Lord Listowel )tm; jAdwo
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tpk;d &u
jrefrmEkid if q
H idk &f m
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24 {jyD 1947 awmifwef;a'o
pkHprf;a&;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcHpm
ukd tzGUJ 0ifrsm; wpfnw
D pfnw
G f
wnf; vufrw
S af &;xk;d twnfjyK
onf/
30 {jyD 1947 jAdwo
d Qtpd;k &ESihf
b@ma&;jyemt&yf&yfudk ajz
&Si;f &ef bk&ifc\
H trIaqmif
aumifp0D if 0efMuD;ocifjrESihf jAd
wdoQtpk;d & uk,
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u&GefbD(James I.C. Crombin)
wkYd jr-u&Geb
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7 0
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12 ar 1947 OD;babu owif;
pmq&mrsm;tm; zdwMf um; rdrd
arv
bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpD0if
3 ar 1947 awmifwef;a'o pkH tjzpfrS EIwfxGuf&jcif;ukd &Sif;
prf;a&; aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpmukd vif;onf/
jrefrmEkid if b
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\ trIaqmifaumifpu
D vufcH 17 ar 1947 awmifwef;a'o
pkHprf;a&;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpmudk
onf/
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8 ar 1947 zqyvtzGJUcsKyf
tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ tpnf;ta0; 19 &ufESifh 23 &uf ar 1947
usif;y bk&ifc\
H trIaqmif &efukefNrdKU *sLAvDa[mcef;rwGif
aumifpD0if zqyvtzGJUcsKyfrS zqyvtzGUJ csKyf yPmrjyifqifrI
ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; 0efMuD; OD; nDvmcHudk usi;f y tqkd 14 &yf
babtm; zqyv A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ ukd wifoiG ;f um qk;H jzwfcsucf s
f nf/ xkn
d v
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f yfaom tcsKyf
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xkwfy,faMumif; qkH;jzwfonf/ tjcmtmPmykid f orwEkid if aH wmf
tjzpf wnfaxmif&efEiS hf jynf
10 ar 1947 jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH axmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf zGJUpnf;
Hk ajccHOya'ukd wifoiG ;f
\ trIaqmifaumifp0D if zvy tkycf sKyyf t
v tzGUJ csKyfrS ul;oef;a&mif;0,f qkH;jzwfonf/
a&;0efMuD; OD;bab &mxl;rS EIwf
21 ar 1947 Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;
xGufonf/
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Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u owif; cH obmywdred YfceG ;f wGif zqyv
D t
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f yf
pmq&mrsm;tm; zdwMf um; bk&if tzGUJ onf 'krd eD ,
S J vk;H 0vGwv
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cH\trIaqmifaumifprD S OD;bab a&;udk rvkrd &db
d m tvk&d aSd Mumif;xnfo
h iG ;f
tm; EIwfxGufckdif;&jcif;ESifh pyf a&;uko
vsOf; &Si;f vif;onf/
ajymMum;onf/
26 ar 1947 jAw
d o
d Qtpk;d & a&
wyfrawmfrS tdycf st
f rftufpf azm
vftrnf&Sd ppfoabFmudk ar,k[k
trnfajymif;um jrefrmtpkd;&okdY
vTGJajymif;ay;tyfonf/
27 ar 1947 yk*HOD;A*srf;ESifh
OD;0if;wkYd bk&ifc\
H trIaqmif
aumifp0D if&mxl;ukd vufco
H nf/
ZG e f v
2 ZGef 1947 zvyvtzGUJ csKyfrS
ocifEkonf wkdif;jyKjynfjyKvTwf
awmf jrdwrf q
J Ee,f Mum;jzwfa&G;
aumufyw
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f rl &dS ta&G;
cH&onf/
3 ZGef 1947 jrefrmjynf\aemuf
qk;H bk&if oDaygrif;ESihf rdz&k m;pk
zk&m;vwf\ yxr orD;awmf
t&Six
f yd pf jk rwfz&k m;MuD; tdE,
d Ekid f
iH &wem*D&jd rdKUwGif uG,v
f eG f
onf/
5 &ufESifh 6 &uf ZGef 1947
u&iftrsKd;om;,leD,H? u&ifvl
i,ftpnf;tkH; wGJzufaumfrwD
ESihf jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m u&if
trsK;d om; tpnf;tk;H wkYd tpnf; odrf;onf/

ta0;usif;yonf/
19 ZGef 1947 ocifEkacgif;
6 ZGef 1947 &efuek jf rdKU jynfvrf; aqmifaom jrefrmcspfMunfa&;
[Hom0wDt0kid ;f teD;&dS qk&d efwdk uk,
d pf m;v,ftzGUJ (Good will
ADvm (Sorento Villa) (,ckpmay Mission) t*FvefEidk if o
H Ydk oGm;
Adrmef) taqmuftODwiG f vGwf a&mufonf/
vyfaom jrefrmEkid if H jyefvnfxl
axmifa&; pDru
H ed ;f aqG;aEG;yGu
J si;f 24 ZGef 1947 Akv
d w
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yonf/ xkad qG;aEG;yGw
J iG f ]]jynf pD vufeufwu
dk rf S b&if;*ef;t
axmifpk jrefrmEkid if aH wmf pD;yGm; vuf 200 ausmaf ysmufq;Hk onf/
a&;wk;d wufa&; 2 ESppf rD u
H ed ;f }} cs
rSwfcJhonf/ aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyf 25 ZGef 1947 ocifEk OD;aqmif
onfah e&mudk tpGjJ yK qk&d efwAdk D aom jrefrmcspMf unfa&; ud,
k pf m;
vm pDru
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awGUqkaH qG;aEG;
10 ZGef 1947 wkdif;jynfjyKjynf onf/
jyKvTwaf wmf yxrnDvmcHusi;f y
onf/
26 ZGef 1947 zqyvtzGJUcsKyf
uaMunmwpf&yf xkwjf yefonf/
11 ZGef 1947 ocifEt
k m; wkid ;f tqkdygaMunmcsuffwGif wkdif;jyK
jyKjynfjyK vTwaf wmfOu| tjzpf jynfjyKvTwaf wmfu jrefrmEkid if u
H dk
a&G;aumufwifajrmufonf/
tcsKyt
f jcmtmPm vk;H 0vGwv
f yf
aom wkid ;f jynftjzpfjzifh tkycf sKyf
16 ZGef 1947 wkdif;jyKjynfjyK a&; pnf;rsO;f Oya' a&;qG&J ef
vTwaf wmfwiG f Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef; twnfjyKjyD;jzpfaomaMumifh 'krd eD D
u
,Hjyemonf vkH;0ray:awmh
aMumif;? jrefrmEkid if o
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18 ZGef 1947 wkdif;jyKjynfjyK "eo[m,twGif;rS cGJxGufum
vTwaf wmf yxrnDvmcHukd kwf vGwv
f yfaom Ekid if t
H jzpf xl
axmif&ef qk;H jzwfvu

dk jf yD jzpf
aMumif; yg&do
S nf/
Zlvkdifv
9 Zlvidk f 1947 tif;pdefaxmifql
rI pkpH rf;a&;tpD&ifcpH m wifoiG ;f
onf/
12 Zlvkdif 1947 ocifEkacgif;
aqmifaom jrefrmcspfMunfa&;
ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ t*FvefEidk if rH S
jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/
13 Zlvidk f 1947 &efuek jf rKd Uawmf
cef;rwGif vlxt
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y Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;u vuf&Sd
wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvw
T af wmf yko
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ESihf vGwv
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ap&ef tmrcHaMumif; ajymMum;
onf/
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u&iftrsK;d om;,le,
D \
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vuf
eufuidk t
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wifzUJG pnf;pOfu u&iftrsKd;om;
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al Union Degence Organization) [kac:cJah omfvnf; aemuf
ykid ;f wGif (Karen National Defence Organization) [k ajymif;
71
ausmfNidrf;
vJac:a0:cJhonf/
19 Zlvkdif 1947 &efukefjrdKU
twGif;0efrsm;kH; (,ck0efMuD;rsm;
k;H ) Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf tpk;d
&tzGUJ 0if 0efMuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;
jyKvkyaf epOf *VKefO;D apm\aemuf
vku
d rf sm;\ vufcsufjzifh
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
ocifjr
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ref;bckdif
rkdif;yGefapmfbGm;MuD; pyfpHxGef;
OD;tkef;armif
&JabmfukdaxG;
wkdYusqkH;onf/
nwGi;f csif;yif jrefrmEkid if H
bk&ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpu
f ocif
Ekukd zdwfac: bk&ifcH\trI
aqmif aumifpo
D pfudk zGUJ pnf;
onf/
20 Zlvidk f 1947 jrefrmEkid if b

H &k if
cH qm[l;bwf&efYp\
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aumifp0D if (0efMuD;rsm;) usr;f
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7 2
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jynfxJa&;ESifhw&m;a&;0effMuD;
5/ OD;jr([oFmw)
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pufrv
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8/ Akv
d zf ;dk uGe;f
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9/ OD;atmifZaH 0
vlrI0efxrf;0efMuD;
10/ ocifveG ;f abmf
jyefMum;a&;0efMuD;
11/ OD;b*sr;f
jynfoUl vkyif ef;ESihf jyefvnf xl
axmifa&;0efMuD;
12/ apmpHb;dk oif
qufoG,fa&;0efMuD;
13/ pyfpx
H eG ;f
14/ pyfceG cf sKd
15/ OD;azcif
16/ OD;wifx#G f
17/ ref;0if;armif
21 Zlvkdif 1947 tmZmenf
acgif;aqmifMuD;rsm;\ kyu
f vyf
ukd *sLAvDa[mokYd ajymif;a&TUxm;
&dSonf/
26 Zlvidk f 1947 tmZmenfacgif;
aqmifMuD;rsm;
psmyeaumfrwD
tpnf;ta0;usif;y wpfEkdifiH
vk;H 0rf;enf;onfah eUtjzpf owf
rSwfvkdufaMumif; aMunmonf/
29 Zlvkdif 1947 wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK
vTwaf wmf 'kw,

d tpnf;ta0;ukd
pwifusif;yonf/
Mo*k w f v
1 Mo*kwfv 1947 ocifEk OD;
aqmifaom bk&ifcH\trIaqmif
aumifpu
D dk jyefvnfzUJG pnf;onf/
1/ ocifEk
0efMuD;csKyfEiS hf jyefMum;a&;0efMuD;
2/ Akv
d v
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twkid yf ifcEH iS hf umuG,af &;0efMuD;
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jynfxJa&;ESifhw&m;a&;0effMuD;
4/ OD;wifx#G f
b@ma&;ESifhtcGefawmf0efMuD;
5/ OD;b*sr;f
ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESihf aqmuf
vkyfa&;0efMuD;
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G )f
qufoG,fa&;0efMuD;
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v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;ESifhaus;vuf
pD;yGm;a&;0efMuD;
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pufrv
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f rm;0efMuD;
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vlrI0efxrf;0efMuD;
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trsKd;om;pDrHudef;0efMuD;
12/ Akv
d b
f ;dk uGe;f
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14/ rk;d rdwaf pmfbmG ; pyfceG cf sKd
e,fjcm;a'o0efMuD;
2 Mo*kwf 1947 "m;rygwDacgif;
aqmif a'gufwmbarmftm; zrf;
qD;xdef;odrf;onf/
3 Mo*kwf 1947 ocifxGef;tkyf
tm; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;onf/
14 Mo*kwf 1947 jrefrmjynf
uGefjrLepfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;
a&;rSL; ocifoef;xGef;u zq
yv tzGJUcsKyfOu| jrefrmjynf
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xH zqyvESihf uGejf rLepfnn
D w
G f
a&;twGuf tajccHtcsut
f vuf
rsm;udk pma&;om;ay;ykdYonf/
16 Mo*kwf 1947 wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK
vTwaf wmf 'kw,
d nDvmcHudk kwf
odrf;onf/
aqmif tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/

22 Mo*kwf 1947 1300 jynfh tpnf;ta0;wGif tmZmenfArd mef
ta&;awmfykHumvwGif ausmif; ykHpHrsm;a&;qGJwifjy tMuHPf
om;rsm;or*Ou|ESihf tmPm&Sif ay;EkdifaMumif; qkH;jzwfonf/
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h nfh a'gufwm
vSa&T yg&Siyf ifv,fauGU bm&de;f puf w if b mv
uRe;f teD; yifv,fxJ av,mOf
ysufus uG,v
f eG o
f nf/
4 pufwifbm 1947 &efuek jf rKd U
[ku
d u
f w
k v
f w
T af wmf&Sd taqmuf
25 Mo*kwf 1947 zqyv tOD&Sd trSwf 3 &mZ0wfrpI pfaq;
twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;AaqGu ocifEk a&; ckt
H zGUJ u ppfMu;D twGi;f 1945
rSwpfqifh AuyokYd zqyvuGef ck Zlvidk v
f u (24-6-45)u armf
jrLepfnDnGwfa&;ESifh ywfouf vjrdKifjrdKU awavacsmif&yfuGuf
onfh jyefMum;pmukd ay;ykYd onf/ wGif awmfveS af &;&Jabmf 26 OD;wkYd
tm; rw&m;ni;f qJowfjzwfrEI iS hf
29 Mo*kwf 1947 jrefrmtpkd;& ywfouf *syefppfw&m;cH 18 OD;
ESihf jAdwo
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rmEkid if b
H ufrS umuG,af &;0efMuD; AkdvfMuD; tD*g&DSEkdbkdk
Akv
d v
f usmf ESihf jAdwo
d Qtpk;d &buf 'kw,
d Akv
d f eum,rtdpuk
rS *Reb
f &D;rif; (John Freeman) wyfMuyfMuD; tkdEkdusKdZH
wkYd vufrw
S af &;xk;d onf/
wyfMuyfMuD; wDuu
dk cD sd
wyfMuyfMuD; *sD[pD mtkd
30 Mo*kwf 1947 Akv
d cf sKyfatmif wyfMuyf tdycf sf qmaewk;d
qef;ESifh tmZmenfacgif;aqmif wyfMuyf tdycf sf ekb
d ,
l u
l D
MuD;rsm; vkyBf uHru
I dk ppfaq;&ef wyfMuyf tifef pktcd sd
txl;ckHkH;ukd zGJUpnf;onf/
'kwd,wyfMuyf bDrpfql&dESifh
trIxrf; tdycf sf zlw&dk Sd
*sLAvDa[m tmZmenfAr
d mef
wGif wnfaqmufa&;tzGUJ trI
wkdYjzpfonf/
axmif'PfuscH&olrsm;rSm
Akv
d rf LS ;MuD; ulrrmawtkd 15 ESpf
'k-Akv
d rf LS ;MuD; auwmau,dk 12
ESpf/
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wyfMuyf tufpf wk&d [
SD D dk 5 ESpf
wyfMuyftifef wku
d ,
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wyfMuyftufpf umedcsd 2 ESpf
wyfMuyf au&d*S eD m&d 5 ESpf
trIxrf; tkrd *d uk 5 ESpw
f YdktoD;
oD; jzpfonf/
4 &ufESifh 5 &uf pufwifbm
1947 &Srf;jynfjynfolUvGwfvyf
a&;tzGUJ k;H cef;wGif ta&;ay:nD
vmcHusif;yonf/ nDvmcHwGif
Ou| OD;cGeaf pmu obmywd
tjzpf aqmif&u
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f taxGaxGt
wGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf
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(wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvTwaf wmf trwf)
u aqmif&u
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1/ &efuek Nf rdKUwGif usif;yvsuf&Sd
aom jrefrmEkid if aH wmf wkid ;f jyKjynf
jyK vTwaf wmfu tnDtnGwo
f
abmwl qk;H jzwfjy|mef;aom jynf
axmifpk jrefrmEkid if zH UJG pnf;ykH tajc
cH H Oya'rsm;udk cRi;f csurf &dS o
abmwl axmufcaH Mumif;/
2/ ta&;ay: nDvmcHu &Sr;f
73
ausmfNidrf;
jynfe,fajrrsm;udk wpfjynfe,f jrdKU twGi;f 0efrsm;k;H (,ck0efMuD;

wnf; jzpfay:a&;okYd a&SUIaqmif rsm;k;H )twGi;f &dS ygvDreftaqmuf
tODa&SUwGif Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;ESihf
&Gu&f ef wkYd udk qk;H jzwfonf/
wuG usq;Hk avjyD;aom acgif;
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8
77

လြတ္လပ္ေရး ၾကိဳးပမ္းမွဳသမိုင္း 1945-1948

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လြတ္လပ္ေရး ၾကိဳးပမ္းမွဳသမိုင္း 1945-1948

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vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;

[Field Marshal Sir William Joseph Slim Defeat into Victory

(3 ar 1945 rS 4 Zefe0g&D 1948 )

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5 ar 1945 t"dywd a'gufwm

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[New Burma in the new world.

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7 ar 1945 jrefrmEkid if H 'kw,

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Office 1956. PP 109-110. Hereafter cited as Donnison British

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[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 290

[Slim Defeat into Victory P 163]

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