THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

ACHMAD AMINUDDIN

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

CONSIST OF ; - LYMPH. - LYMPHATIC VESSELS. - ORGANS CONTAINING LYMPHATIC TISSUE. - RED BONE MARROW.

LYMPHATIC TISSUE
IS A SPESIALIZED FORM OF RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT CONTAINS LARGE NUMBERS OF LYMPHOCYTES. TWO TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTES ; - B CELLS. - T CELLS.

FUNCTIOS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

DRAINING EXCESS INTERSTITIAL FLUID. TRANSPORTING DIETARY LIPID. CARRYING OUT IMMUNE RESPONSES. - IN CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES. T cells destroy the intruders by causing them to rupture or by realising cytotoxic ( cell-killing ) substances. - IN ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES. B cells differentiate into plasma cells that protec us against disease by producing antibody, proteins that combine with and cause destruction of specific foreign substances.

LYMPHATHIC ORGAN AND TISSUE.

PRIMARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS - THE SITES WHERE STEM CELLS DEVIDE AND BECOME IMMUNOCOMPETENT, THAT IS CAPABLE OF MOUN TING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE. - RED BONE MARROW AND THYMUS. - PLURIPTENT STEM CELLS IN THE BONE MARROW GIVE RISE TO MATURE, IMMUNO COMPETENT B CELLS AND TO PRE-T CELLS WHICH MIGRATE TO AND BECOME IMMUNOCOMPETENT T CELLS IN THE THYMUS. SECONDARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS

SECONDARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS

ARE THE SITES WHERE MOST IMMUNE RESPONSES OCCUR. INCLUDE - LYMPH NODES. - SPLEEN. - LYMPHATIC NODULES.

THYMUS
IN THE MEDIASTINUM, BETWEEN THE STERNUM AND THE AORTA. CAPSULE TRABECULAE LOBULES. LOBULE CONSIST OF CORTEX AND MEDULLA. IN INFANT ABOUT 70 g, AND IN OLD AGE ABOUT 3 g.

LYMPH NODES
CAPSULE TRABECULAE COMPARTEMENTS. STROMA CONSIST OF CAPSULE, TRABECULAE, RETICULAR FIBER, AND FIBROBLASTS. PARENCHYMA ; - CORTEX. - MEDULLA.

SPLEEN
LOCATED IN THE LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION BETWEEN THE STOMACH AND DIAPHRAGM. STROMA CONSIST OF CAPSULE, TRABECULAE, RETICULAR FIBERS AND FIBROBLASTS. THE PARENCHYMA CONSIST OF ; - WHITE PULP. - RED PULP.

LYMPHATIC NODULES
SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE LAMINA PROPRIA LINING THE GASTROINTESTINAL, GENITOURINARY AND RESPIRATORY TRACTS. MULTIPLE LARGE AGGREGATION ; - TONSILS IN THE PHARYNGEAL REGION. - PEYERS PATCHES IN THE ILEUM. - IN THE APPENDIX.

MATURATION OF T CELLS AND B CELLS.

T CELLS AND B CELLS DEVELOP IN PRIMARY LYMPHATIC ORGAN ( RED BONE MARROW AND THYMUS ). B CELLS COMPLETE THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN RED BONE MARROW. T CELLS DEVELOP FROM PRE T CELLS THAT MIGRATE FROM BONE MARROW INTO THE THYMUS, WHERE THEY MATURE. BEFORE T CELLS LEAVE THE THYMUS OR B CELLS LEAVE RED BONE MARROW, THEY BEGIN TO MAKE ANTIGEN RECEPTOR THAT ARE INSERTED INTO THEIR PLASMA MEMBRANE.