1990 -ပါတီစံုဒီမိုကေရစီ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲမွတ္တမ္း

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1988 ckEprpI jrefrmEdiiw0Sr;f vH;k &Sjd ynfovxw&yfv;kH u rdrw@kd SfS kfH l l k d vufvGwfqHk;H_;cJh&onfh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; jyefvnf&&Sd&ef ordkif;wGif ruHpzl; tHk uGv#uf wcJeufawmif;qdc=hJ u+yD; if;wd@k . qENtppftrSeu&0pm k f kd J hH G xkwazmfjyocJ=h uojzifh Ediiawmftm%mudor;f ,lxm;aom Ediiawmf+ir0yf f kfH k d kfH df ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS jynfow@kd .qENukd rsuu,f yjcif;iSm rpGr;f ombJ l f G Ediia&;ygwrsm;zG@J pnf;wnfaxmif v_y&m;cGihf y&efEihf ygwp'rua&pD taxG kfH D f S S D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufyGJudkusif;yay;&ef jynfolrsm;tm; twdtvif; uwdyvdkuf avsmcJ&+yD; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;udk 1990 jynfEp/f arv h D kH D kd hS (27) &ufae@wif jrefrmEdiijH ynforsm;.qENrsm;/ &nfre;f csursm;ESitnD atmif G kf l S f hf jrifpmusi;f yay;cJonf? ESpaygi;f (30) twGi;f jynfovx}k u;D . toufaoG;ac|; G h f l l aygi;f rsm;pGm pGe@f vw&if;ES;D cJra=umif&&SvmcJonfh tusK;d &v'ftjzpfay: xGuf $ f h_ h d h vmcJonfh ygwpa&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf? h D kH a&G;aumufywirqENay;olrsm;jym;+y;D rJqENay;ydici&ol pkpaygi;f . JG G f J k f G hf dS k (72 'or 59) &mcdiEe;f aom rJqEN&irsm;u if;wd@k vdvm;ESpoufonfh ud,f kf_ Sf k f k pm;vS,avmif;rsm;tm; jynfo@l vwawmfo@kd a&G;aumufwifajrmufc=hJ uonf? f $ f tqdyga&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif jynfow@kd u rdrw@kd vvm;ESpoufaom k l d kd f 'Drua&pDtpd;k &w&yf ay:ayguvmrnf[aom ,H=k unfcsujf zifh rdrw@kd . vGwf kd f l d vyfaompdwfqENt& wcJeufqENrJay;cJh=uygonf? a&G;aumufyGJonf trSef wu,f vGwvyfr&a=umif;/ w&m;r#wr_&a=umif; yg0if,Of ydiconfh Ediia&; f _ dS dS S f hJ kfH ygwrsm;tm;vH;k omru a&G;aumufytm;rsujf rifu,awG@ vma&mufavhvm D JG kd f cJ=h uonfh owif;axmufrsm;taeESiyg vufcc=hJ uygonf? hf H tqdkyg a&G;aumufyGJ}uD;onf jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;wGif rnfonfhtcgrS rarhtyfonfh Ediia&;rSwwiwwdijf zpfonf? ESpf (30) eD;yg; wygwtm%m&Sif kfH f kd f k D pepfatmufwif cHpm;cJ&onf'utaygi;f rS vGwajrmufapcsive;f onfh jynfol G h hk Q f f G
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rsm;u tqdkyga&G;aumufyGJwGif ar#mfvifhcsuf}uD;rm;pGmjzifh 'Drdkua&pDtkyf csKyfa&;twGuf wcJeufqENrJay;cJh=ujcif;jzpfonf? jynfolrsm;. tonf; ESvHk;rS cHpm;r_ tay: wnfaqmufxm;onfh ar#mfvifhcsufrsm;tm; rw&m; ojzihf ry,fzsufoifh? 1990 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; vspfvsL_jcif; onf jynfolvlxktm; wefzdk;rxm;&m/ apmfum;&ma&mufonf? tqdkyg a&G;aumufyonf jrefrmEdii. Ediia&;ordi;f wGif xm0pOfwnfaernfh rSwf JG kfH kfH k ausmufwckjzpfonf? ,ckpmtkyfwGif 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a&G; aumufy}JG uD;ESiywfoufI tcsutvufrsm;/ taxmuftxm;rsm;/ rSwf hf f wrf;rSwf&mrsm;tm; tawmftwef jynfhpHkpGmrSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;jzpfI jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ordkif;twGuf vdktyfcsufw&yfudk jznfhqnf;xm;jcif; jzpf a=umif; azmfjyvdygonf? k
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( 1886 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufae@wGif tdENd,bk&ifcHcsKyfuxkwfjyefcJhaom a=unmcsuf)
t*Fvye,fcsJ orm;wd@k u jrefrmjynftm; t+y;D tydior;f ydu+f y;D jzpfonf[k xduo@kd ausnm df kf d k k hJ csuxwcaomfvnf; u|eb0jzifraevd=k uonfh ZmwdaoG;/ Zmwdrmefxufoefonfh acgi;f aqmifrsm;u f k f hJ f h &&m vlo/l vufeufpaqmif;+yD;/ rqkwrepf qufvufawmfvec=hJ uojzifh ausnmcsuxw+f yD; (10) k f Sf f k ESpwiatmif if;wd@k xifovdtycsKyfIr&cJay? f kd f k k f h 1900 ESihf 1910 ckEpf tpydi;f avmufwif aemif *spbat 0HomEktzG@J }uD;.acgi;f aqmifrsm; S k G DD D jzpfvm=urnfh q&mawmfO;D OwWr/ OD;cspvi/f OD;pd;k ode;f / OD;yk/ OD;bab/ OD;xGe;f &Se/f orRwOD;pk polw@kd u f _d d uvsm%,k0toif;udwnfaxmif=u+yD;/ trsK;d / bmom/ omoemtusK;d twGuf vkyaqmifrnf[l k f onfh auG;a=umfoHudka&Swef;wifI trsKd;om;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;/ pnf;a0;yGJrsm;/ pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJrsm;
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f vkyfvmcJhojzifh trsKd;om; xuGv_yf&Sm;r_rsm; tqufrjywfay:vmcJhonf? t*Fvdyftpdk;&u ESdrfeif;r_rsm; vkyfvmcJh&m zdav uGavtjzpfudk tkyfpdk;olwdk@&ifqdkifvmcJh&onf? yxrqH;a&G;aumufy? k JG tqufrjywf ay:ayguvmcJonfh v_y&m;r_rsm;a=umifh trsK;d om;pdwrsm; ydrwufuvm=u f h fS f k kd G &mrStp 1920 jynfh wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;. taxGaxGoydwf}uD;jzpfay:vmI wjynfvHk;wGif trsK;d om;ausmif;rsm;ay:ayguvmcJjh cif;/ trsK;d om;tHk uGr_ ydrjkd yif;xefvmcJjh cif;rsm;a=umifh 1922 ckEpf f k S wGif 'ditmcD a&G;aumufyrsm;udusi;f ycJ&jcif;jzifh vlxqENu&,lonfoabmudk aqmifvmcJ&onf? kf JG k h k kd h h xdjk zpf&yfonf e,fcsJ vufatmufwif jynfovxu rJay;qH;k jzwf&onftqifukd yxrqH;k &&ScjhJ cif; G l l k h h d jzpfonf? xda&G;aumufyonf e,fcsJ wd@k u if;wd@k vcsionfyp&atmifvyEia&;twGuf jynfow@kd ukd k JG kd f h kH H k f kd f l vSnfhpm;cJhjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;/ xl;jcm;r_rSm vlxktHkuGr_a=umifhom jynfolvlxkrS rJay;qHk;jzwf&onfh a&G;aumufyJG ay:ayguvmcJ&jcif;jzpfonf? f h tkyfcsKyfpDrHcef@cGJa&;wm0efrsm;tm; tpdk;&ESifhjynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwifajrmufonfh ud,pm;vS,rsm;cGa0+yD; yl;wGwm0ef,=l u&onftycsKyfa&;jzpfojzifh 'ditmcD (Diarchy/Dyarchy) k f f J J h k f kf [kac: jcif;jzpfonf? trnftm;jzifh wd;k wufaumif;rGeonftycsKyfa&;jzpfaomfvnf;/ jynfo@l u,pm; f h kf kd f vS,f (rif;wdiyif trwf) rsm;rSm rnfonftm%mr#r&Sb/J ta,mifaqmif kyjf yomjzpf+yD;/ bk&ifcu kf h d H xifovdtycsKyfonfh pepfomjzpfonf? k kf t*Fvyw@kd onf 'Drua&pDucspjf rwfE;kd onf? t&m&mqH;k jzwfjyXmef;&mY 'Drua&pDoabm df kd kd kd t& trsm;pkqENjzifom usio;kH yvkyonf[k urBmud0g'jzef@uGm;0gconf? h hf f k hJ 1922 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHudk 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfay;&ef jyifqif=upOf jrefrmjynfol trsm;pk}u;D u tvdr&Sa=umif; ajymqduef@uu=f uonf? t*Fvytpd;k &u 'Drua&pDukd vufawG@usihf k d k G df kd oH;k onfoabmjzifh a&G;aumufyJG yvkyonf? h f xdtcseu jrefrmEdiiwif vlO;D a& (12) oef;ausm&onf? rJqENay;Edioukd t*Fvytpd;k &u k df kfH G f dS kf l df pnf;urf;csufrsm;jzifh (2) oef; owfrSwfay;xm;onf? 1922 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (21) &ufwGif yxr t}udrf 'ditmcDOya'yaumifq,f trwfa&G;yGJ yvky&m 'ditmcDuoabmusI rJay;ol (100) v#if kf f kf kd (7) OD;om&Sonf? (93) OD;u 'ditmcDuoabmrus uef@uuonftaejzifh rJray;bJae=uonf? d kf kd G f h vlO;D a&jzifwuppfv#if jynfol (12) oef;teuf wode;f av;aomif; (140000) r#om 'ditmcD h G f kf pepf vufcI (11) oef;/ (7) ode;f / (6) aomif;u uef@uuonf? t*Fvytpd;k &onf Tonfuyif H G f d f kd 'Drua&pDusonf? 'ditmcDukd jrefrmEdiiuvufconf[q;kH jzwfum tpd;k &tzG@J jzifh zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfap kd kf kfH H k f onf? 1922 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (21) &ufae@ 'dkiftmcDOya'yaumifpD (Legislative Council) yxrOD; qH;k a&G;aumufywif b}uD;bazwd@k . (21) OD;ygwD (21) OD;tzG@J ukd trsK;d om;ygwD (National JG G Party) [k ac:a0:cJ+h y;/ aemifwif jynfojl ynfom;tzG@J [k ac:a0:cJonf? 1936 ckEp/f a&G;aumufywif jynfol D G h S JG G jynfom;tzGJ@rS ig;yGifhqdkiftzGJ@[k trnfajymif;cJhonf? ESifh qma*satarmif}uD;acgif;aqmifaom
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ydk*&ufppfygwD (Progressive Party) ac: a&$awmif=um;ygwD (qma*satarmif}uD;wdk@. ydk*&ufppf ygwD0if vlrsm;pk a=u;a&wwfrsm;rSm a&$awmif=um;vrf;&yfuGufxJYaexdkif=uI a&$awmif=um; ygwD[k trnfwGifvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf?) wdk@om 0ifa&muf,SOfydifta&G;cHcJh=u.? vd_if-yk-ausmf *sDpD bDatu oydwarSmufaecJ+h yD; 1928 ckEp/f wwd,t}udra&G;aumufyrom 0ifa&muf,Of ydif ta&G;cH f S f JG S S cJh=uonf? 'dkiftmcDpepft& Oya'yaumifq,fESifhwuG tkyfcsKyfa&;udk vufawG@taumiftxnf azmfvmonftcg jynfotrsm;pk}u;D u tvdr&Sa=umif; vufawG@jyonf? 'ditmcDtycsKyfa&; ,E &m; h l k d kf kf W }uD;twGuf jrifwufvmaomtcGersm; ray;a&;wduyrsm;yvkyvmonf? h f k f JG f t*FvyueypPn;f oydwarSmufa&;/ tpd;k &ESirqufqbJ 0HomEkcorm"d;kH rsm;wGif ajz&Si;f d f k f f hf H kH a&;wd@k ykrkd yvkyvmjcif;jzifh 0HomEkvy&m;r_}u;D rSm t*Fvytpd;k &xifovdk usqif;roGm;bJ jrifwufvm d f _fS df h onf? ,cif 'ditmcDtycsKyfa&;acwfrwdiru rdtky/f 0efaxmuf/ Xmemtky/f ykvyponfh tpd;k & kf kf kfD df tr_xrf;wdk@ aus;&Gmrsm;odk@a&mufvmonfhtcg &Gmol}uD;rSwqifh &Gmom;rsm;xH =uuf/ bJ/ =uufO/ bJO/ EGm;Edk@ ponfjzifh awmif;=uonf? oufoufay;=u&onf? w&GmrSw&Gmodk@ qufvufoGm;&ef vSnf;jzifhvdkufydk@aponf? &Gmom;wdk@u tcrJhydk@ay;=u&onf? 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&; ay;vmonfhtcg 0HomEkacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm; ajyma[mcsuEihf t*Fvytpd;k &tay: rauseyfcsursm;a=umifh =uuf/ bJ f S d f f ponfw@kd ukd tpd;k &tr_xrf;rsm;tm; oufoufray;=u? 0,fv#iom a&mif;onf? w&GmESiw&Gm vSn;f f hf jzifhoGm;vdkv#if vSnf;cay;rS vdkufydk@onf? rdtkyf/ 0efaxmufpolwdk@uvnf; tzdk;tcray;bJ =uuf/ bJ ponfw@kd rawmif;=u? vSn;f tyd@k rcdi;f =uawmhonftajca&mufvmonf? Tonfw@kd rm 0HomEk k h S v_y&m;r_}uD;.t&Set0ga=umifh jzpfonf? f S d f t*Fvytpd;k &ESihf jynfotrsm;pk}uD;onf ppfwyf/ ykvywyf/ H;k / axmif/ *wf (&JXme) ponfh df l df zdESdyfr_u&d,mwdk@jzifh t*Fvdyftpdk;&uzdESdyfvdkuf/ jynfolwdk@.0HomEkv_yf&Sm;r_}uD;u ydkIydkI 'dkiftmcD pepfqef@usifa&;/ t*Fvdyfqef@usifa&;/ oydwfarSmufwdkufyGJrsm; ay:aygufvmvdkufjzifh tjyeftvSef jzpfae=u&m 'ditmcD yxroH;k ESpoufwrf;yif ukeq;kH vmcJonf? kf f f h xd'itmcDOya'yaumifpa&G;aumufywif jynfovx.rJqENay;ydiciukd t*Fvytpd;k &u k kd f D JG G l l k k f G hf df rsm; pGmuef@owfcsKyfcs,xm;onf? t*FvyEihf tdE,ukeonf}uD;rsm;udk txl;tcGita&;ay;xm; f d f S dN f hf cJonf? h t*Fvyueonf vlO;D a& (100) twGuf ud,pm;vS,f (1) OD;ta&G;cs,cEici&&Sc+hJ y;D / jrefrm df kf k f f H kd f G hf d rsm;twGurl vlO;D a& (30000) twGuf ud,pm;vS,f (1) OD;om ta&G;cs,cEici&conf? jrefrmwd@k f k f f H kd f G hf dS hJ a&G;aumufwifajrmufaom ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk xdacwfurif;wdiyiftrwf[kac:=uonf? xdrif; k f f k kf k wdiyiftrwfrsm;.a&SwGif atmfema&bD[laom 0daooudk xnfoi;f a&;om; ac:a0:=u&onf? kf h G 'ditmcDacwf0ef}uD;rsm;onf vpmaiG (5000) pm;=u&onf? kf Oya'yaumifpDtwGuf rif;wdkifyiftrwf udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (103) OD;&Sdonfhteuf bk&ifcucef@xm;ol (23) OD; &Sojzifh usetrwf (80) twGuom a&G;aumufyusi;f yay;jcif;jzpfonf? H d f f JG xdtrwf (80) xJwif tdE,wdi;f &if;om; (8) OD;/ u&if (5) OD;/ ujym; (1) OD;/ t*Fvyf (1) OD;/ k G dN k d
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tjcm;vkyfief;&Sif}uD;rsm;ESifh wuUodkvfrS (7) OD;yg&Sdojzifh useftaxGaxG (58) ae&mtwGufom jrefrmrsm; yg0ifta&G;cHci&conf? ,if; (58) ae&mudk jrefrmrsm;twGu[rqdbJ *sie&,f[I owf G hf dS hJ f k k f l rSwconf? Oya'yaumifpa&G;aumufyukd (3) ESpf w}udrusi;f y&ef owfrwxm;cJonf? f hJ D JG f S f h 'dkiftmcDv$wfawmfwGif&Sdonfh trwf (103) OD;rSm jrefrmwdi;f &if;om; k (58) OD;? u&if (5) OD;? tdE,wdi;f &if;om; dN k (8) OD;? t*Fvyujym; df (1) OD;? Oa&mywduom; k f (1) OD;? wuUovausmif; kd f (1) OD;? jrefrmukeonf}u;D f (1) OD;? Oa&mywduom;ukeonf}u;D k f f (2) OD;? wkwueonf}u;D f kf (1) OD;? Oa&mywdkufom; a&mif;0,fa&;tzGJ@ (1) OD;? tdE,wdi;f om;ukeonf}u;D dN k f (1) OD;? tpdk;&cef@ (21) OD;? tpdk;&cef@ bma&;0ef}uD; (1) OD;? jynfxa&;0ef}u;D J (1) OD;? aygif; (103) OD;wdk@ jzpfonf? 1922 ckESpf yxrt}udrfa&G;aumufyGJwGif qENrJay;olOD;a& (10) &mcdkifE_ef;cef@om&SdcJhonf? ta=umif;rSm 1920 aumvdyoydw}f uD;a=umifh Ediia&;Ed;k =um;cJaomjrefrmvlxu 'ditmcD &Dazmif; f kfH h k kf jzpfonfh bk&ifcEihf rsuEmjzLtdiptufprsm;.vufxY tcsKyftjcmtm%m&Sonfh tkycsKyfa&;pepf HS fS kfD f J d f udk jiif;y,fvufrcHEia=umif; jyojcif;jzpfonf[qEionf? kd f k kd kd f 'ditmcDacwfwif jrefrmjynfb&ifctjzpf qm[mukwbwWvm(Sir Harcourt Butler) udk kf G k H f bdvyftpd;k &u jyefvwc+hJ yD;/ qm&,f*se,f*&ufa'guf (Sir Reginald Graddock) udk jyefac:,lconf? $ f D hJ 'ditmcDacwfyxrydi;f Y vpmaiG (5000) pm; 0ef}uD;csKyf (4) OD;&Sonfteuf jrefrmrsm;xJrS kf k d h (3) OD;&&SdcJhonf? ,if; (4) OD;rSm (1) qmarmifcif jynfxa&;0ef}uD;csKyf J (2) rpPwmtvufZENm;udof bma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) trfatOD;armif}uD; ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qma*satOD;armif}uD; opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wd@k jzpfonf? ,if;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) OD;wGif tpd;k &cef@ (2) OD;jzpf+yD;/ ynma&;ESiopfawma&;wd@k twGuf (2) OD; hf om rJjzifa&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;jzpfonf? h 'kw,t}ura&G;aumufyukd 1925 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (17) &ufae@wif usi;f ycJonf? t*Fvyf d df JG S k G h d tpd;k &onf 'kw,t}urf 'ditmcDaumifq,ftrwfa&G;yGjJ zifh ol.'Drua&pDukd prf;oyfjyefonf? xdt d d kf kd k
10
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f csdefu *sDpDbDattoif;}uD; 'kwd,t}udrfyduGJ+yD;pjzpfonf? vd_if-yk-ausmf *sDpDbDatESifh OD;pdk;odrf; *sDpDbDat}uD;rsm;u a&G;aumufyGJudkoydwfarSmufjrJ arSmuf=uaomfvnf; vd_if-yk-ausmf *sDpDbDat rSm om,m0wD OD;yktr;yaomyk*K~d vtcsKd u [kr;f rl;toif;udk oD;jcm;cGaxmifum a&G;aumufy0if&ef f J JG OD;wnfjyifqifvm=uonf? xd@k a=umifh t*Fvytpd;k &u yxrt}ura&G;aumufywif kyysuf qif;ysuf df df JG G f jzpfcJh&aom ol.'Drdkua&pDrSm 'kwd,a&G;yGJwGif rsufESmyef;jyaumif;vdrfhrnf[k ,lqonf? odk@&mwGif rJa&G;yGJ yvkyonftcg rJay;Ediol (100) v#if (13) OD;om 'ditmcDuvvm;I rJay;=uonf? (87) OD; f h kf kf kd kd u uef@uujf rJ uef@uuonftaejzihf rJray;bJae=uonf? G G f h yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&zGJ@rSm (1) OD;aratmif jynfxa&;0ef}uD;csKyf J (2) qm0DvsuD H bma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) a'gufwmb,Of ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qmvDt,def opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wd@k jzpfonf? wwd,t}udrfa&G;aumufyGJudk 1928 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (21) &ufae@wGif usif;ycJhonf? a&G; aumufyY jynfojl ynfom;ygwrS trwf (40)/ a&$awmif=um;ygwrS trwf (12) OD; a&G;aumuf cHc=hJ u& JG D D onf? rJqEN&Sif (24) &mcdkifE_ef;u rJay;cJh=uonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&tzGJ@rSm (1) qma*satarmif}uD; jynfxa&;0ef}uD;csKyf J (2) rpPwmjrL;&,ftif'l;trduZD k f bma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) OD;bwif ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qmvDt,def opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wd@k jzpfonf? pwkwt}ura&G;aumufyukd 1932 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (12) &ufae@wif usi;f ycJonf? rJqEN&if df JG S k G h S (24) &mcdkifE_ef;u rJay;cJh=uonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&tzGJ@rSm (1) qmarmifb jynfxa&;0ef}uD;csKyf J (2) rpPwmul;yg; bma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) OD;ausmf'if ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qma*satarmif}uD; opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wd@k jzpfonf? 1934 ckESpf/ {+yDv (9) &ufae@wGif ajymif;vJjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh (5) }udrfajrmuf yl;wGJ wm0efcHtpdk;&tzGJ@rSm (1) qmarmifb jynfxa&;0ef}uD;csKyf J (2) rpPwmul;yg; bma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) a'gufwmbarmf ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) OD;bab opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wd@k jzpfonf? 1923 ckESpfrSpwifcJhonfh 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;rSm 1936 ckESpfwGif +yD;qHk;oGm;cJhonf? wdk@Arm tpnf; tHk;0ifocifrsm;.acgif;aqmifr_jzifh 1930 jynfhESpfrS 1934 ckESpftwGif; tvkyform;rsm;. taxGaxGoydwrsm; tqufrjywfay:xGuc+hJ yD;/ 1936 ckEpwif ocifEacgi;f aqmifI jynfv;kH qdi&m f f S f G k kf
11
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f taxGaxGausmif;om;oydwf arSmufEdkifcJh=uonf? wqufwnf;yif oD;pm;cOya'ESifh ywfoufI v,form;qlyrrsm;ay:ayguc&mrS 1300 jynfta&;awmfy}kH uD;ay:ayguconf? l _ f hJ h f hJ 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;acwf? xdo@kd aomtHk ur}_ u;D a=umifh e,fcsJ orm;onf wxpfav#mI (91) XmetkycsKyfa&;udk ay;cJ& k G h f h onf? xdk (91) XmetkycsKyfa&;wGif vH;k 0vGwvyfonfh rJay;a&G;cs,jf cif;rsK;d r[kwaomfvnf; 'ditmcD f f f kf tkycsKyfa&;xuftqifjh rifonfh rJay;a&G;aumufjcif;rsK;d / 'ditmcDtycsKyfa&;xuf tenf;i,fus,0ef; f h kf kf f vmonfypjH zifh rJay;=u&onftjzpfukd jynfovx&&Sconf? rJa&mif;rJ0,fpepfjzifh rdrw@kd tEdi&a&; h kH h l l k d hJ d kf udk vkyaqmifc=hJ uojzifh aiGtif;tm;awmifow@kd om rJtEdi&&Sconf? Tod@k jzifh (91) XmetkycsKyfa&; f h l k f d hJ f ESifh Oya'yv$wfawmf ay:aygufvmcJhonf? 1935 ckEp/f jrefrmjynftycsKyfa&; tufOya't& tdE,jynfrS jrefrmjynf cGxu&rnftcsef S kf dN J G f h d udk 1937 ckESpf/ {+yDv (1) &ufae@tm; owfrSwfcJh+yD;/ xdkae@rSpI jrefrmjynfwGif (91) Xme tkyfcsKyf a&;topfjzifh tkyfcsKyf&rnfjzpfojzifh tqdkygtkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf a&G;aumufyGJrsm; usif;yay;cJhonf? tkyfcsKyfa&;topft& v$wfawmfESpf&yfxm;&Sd+yD;/ atmufv$wfawmftwGuf trwf (132) a,mufEihf txufvwawmf (qD;edw) twGuf trwf (36) a,muf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf&rnfjzpf S $ f f onf? atmufvwawmftrwf (132) a,mufxwif e,frsm;rSa&G;aumuf&rnfh trwfO;D a& (92) OD;/ $ f J G u&iftrsK;d om; (12) OD;/ tdE,trsK;d om; (8) OD;/ t*Fvy-jrefrmujym; (2) OD;/ Oa&mywduom; (3) dN d f k f OD;/ pufrvufrEihf ukeonf}u;D toif;rsm;. ud,pm;vS,f (11) OD;/ &efuewuUovrS (12) OD;/tdE, _ _S f k f kf kd f dN tvkyorm;ud,pm;vS,f (2) OD;/ tdE,r[kwaom tvkyorm; ud,pm;vS,f (1) OD;wd@k jzpfonf? f k f dN f f k f v$wawmfY jrefrmwd@k .rJukd xde;f Edi&ef&nf&,csujf zifh pufrvufrueonf}u;D toif;rsm;. f kf G f _ _ kf ud,f pm;vS,f (11) OD;xJY Oa&mywduom;ukeonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (6) OD;/ tdE,ukeonf}uD;rsm; k k f f dN f toif;rS (3) OD;/ wkwfukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (1) OD;ESifh jrefrmukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (1) OD; ponfjzifh cGa0cJjh yefonf? J 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;[kqdkaomfvnf; trSefrSm (98) Xme&Sdonf? ta&;}uD;aom (7) Xmeudk bk&ifcu if;.vufatmufYxm;&S+d yD;/ usef (91) Xmeudom vlxvufo@kd ay;tyfjcif;jzpfonf? H k k bk&ifc.vufatmufwixm;&Sonfh (7) XmerSm eef;&if;0efEihf 0ef}uD; (6) OD;wd@k ui&aom H Gf d S kd f umuG,fa&;/ jynfxJa&;/ tcGefawmfESifhbma&;/ EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;/ ynma&;/ opfawma&;/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; ponfXmersm;jzpfonf? eef;&if;0ef.vpmrSm (3000) usyjf zpfI 0ef}uD;rsm;. h vpmrSm (2500) usyjf zpfonf? v$wawmfOuU.vpmaiGrm (2000) usyjf zpfI 'kw,OuU. vpm f S d aiGrSm (1250) usyfjzpfonf? rif;wdkifyiftrwfrsm;. vpmaiGrSm (250) usyfjzpfonf? 'ditmcDtycsKyfa&;wGif wdi;f jynfo@kd (22) Xmeudomay;tyfc+hJ yD;/ 0ef}uD;csKyf (4) OD;xm;&SI kf k f k k d vpmaiG (5000) usyfpD ay;cJhonf? (91) XmetkycsKya&;topfwif bk&ifconf jynfow@kd u a&G;cs,wifajrmufonfh v$wawmf f f G H l f f udk tcsera&G;kyor;f Edionf? trwfrsm;udk wm0efc&aom0ef}u;D tzG@J (uufbeuf) udk zwfEionf? df f d kf H d kd f
12
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f bk&ifcH.vufxJY ADwdktm%mudkudkifxm;onf? xd@k a=umifh ,if; (91) XmetkycsKyfa&;udk wd@k Armtpnf;tH;k ESihf &efuewuUovf ausmif;om; f kf kd rsm;or*~rS OD;aqmif+y;D / uef@uuvy&m;cJ=h uojzifh 1936 ckEp/f ausmif;om;oydwrS tpyum 1300 G f _fS S f jynfhESpf/ ta&;awmfyHk}uD;ay:aygufvmcJh&onftxd vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJjyif;xefvmcJhonf? 1935 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9) &ufae@wGif (91) XmetkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf Oya'yv$wfawmf a&G; aumufyGJ jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk;wGifusif;ycJhonf? +Adwdo#tpdk;&u jrefrmEdkifiHtm; (91) XmetkyfcsKyfa&;ay;rnfh puULjzLpmwrf;wckudk 1935 ckEpwif xkwjf yefc+hJ yD; 1936 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmvwGif (91) XmetkycsKyfa&;twGuf a&G;aumufyusi;f y&ef Sf G S k f JG pDpOfcJhonf? odk@twGuf 'dkiftmcDaemufqHk;bk&ifcH qm[l;vif;pa'gif;pwDzifqifudk 1936 ckESpf/ arvqef;wGijf yefac:cJ+h y;D if;.ae&mwGif qmtmcsabma'gu*vyfaumhu&de;f (Sir Archibald Douglas D f f H S G Cochrane) udk (91) XmetkycsKyfa&;twGuf bk&ifcopftjzpf 1936 ckEp/f arv (8) &ufae@wif wm0ef v$ajymif;,lapcJonf? J h 'ditmcDEirauseyfEi[onfvy&m;r_rsm;/ [kr;l (Home Rule)awmif;qdrrsm;/ v,form; kf S hf kd f l h _ f S R k_ vufeufuiyeuefrrsm;a=umifh (91) XmetkycsKyfa&;&&ScjhJ cif;jzpfonf? kd f k f _ f d (91) XmetkycsKyfa&;wGif yxrqH;k a'guwmbarmf0ef}uD;csKyfjzpfc+hJ yD; !Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J ukd f f 1937 ckEp/f rwfv (26) &ufae@wif pwifz@JG pnf;cJonf? S G h yxr!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@rSm (1) a'gufwmbarmf eef;&if;0ef/ bma&; (2) a&$usiO;D yk f opfawma&; (3) OD;ay:xGef; jynfxa&; J (4) om,m0wDOD;armifarmif ynma&; (5) OD;xGef;atmifausmf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; (6) apmazom tcGefawmf od@k aomf 1300 jynfta&;awmfy}kH u;D a=umifh 1939 ckEp/f azazmf0g&vwGif a'guwmbarmf. h S D f !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&ywfus+yD; OD;yk(a&$usif)acgif;aqmifonfh !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&wufvmcJhonf? tpdk;& oufwrf; (1) ESpEihf (10) vtwGi;f a&eHajrtvkyorm;oydw/f ukvm;-Armt"duk%;f / Advatmif fS f k f ausmoydw/f rE av;tmZmenf (17) OD;usq;kH cJonfta&;tcif;ponfh rupzl; }u;D rm;vSonfh vlxk f W h h H tHk ur'%furcHEiojzifh a'guwmbarmftpd;k & ywfusom;cJ&jcif;jzpfonf? 1941 ckEp/f pufwifbmv G_ kd kd f f G h S wGif OD;yktpd;k &ywfusjyefojzifh OD;apmtpd;k &wufonf? (91) XmetkycsKyfa&;acwf (5) ESpwmumv f f twGif; !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&rsm;om zGJ@pnf;EdkifcJh+yD;/ xdk!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&rsm;rSmvnf; r=umc% zwfcsjcif; cHcJh&ojzifh (5) ESpftwGif; tpdk;& (4) }udrf ajymif;cJhonf? vGwvyfa&;&+yD;acwf? f xdrS zqyvacwfwif vlwi;f rJay;Edionfh wdi;f yjynfyv$wawmf a&G;aumufyo@kd wiconf? k G kd kf k f JG kd f hJ atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyfwioabmwlconftwdi;f wdi;f jynfyv$wawmftwGuf taxGaxGa&G; Gf hJ h k k f
13
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aumufy}JG u;D udk 1947 ckEp/f {+yv (9) &ufae@wif usi;f ycJonf? wdi;f yjynfyv$wawmfwif trwfaygi;f S D G h k f G (255) a,muf&onf? a&G;aumufyusi;f yonftcg zqyvu wESptwGi;f vGwvyfa&;&&rnf dS JG h f f [laomauG;a=umfoHjzifh a&G;aumufyGJ0ifcJhonf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu a&G;aumufywif atmif JG G qef;-tufwvDpmcsKyukd _wcsonf? tqH;k owftm%modr;f yGtwGuf zqyv-uGejf rLepf nD!w=f u f f J G [laomaqmify'jf zifh a&G;aumufy0ifconf? ocifp;kd . tvHeygwurl a&G;aumufyukd oydwarSmufr# k JG hJ D D JG f kH omru t=urf;zufwm;qD;&ef/ rJHkrsm;udkrD;d_&ef qHk;jzwfxm;cJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJwGif zqyvu tjywftowftEdi&&Sconf? a&G;aumufywif jynfrtwGutrwfae&m (182) ae&m teuf zqyv k f d hJ JG G f rS (171) ae&m&I uGefjrLepfrsm;u (7) ae&m&&SdcJh+yD;/ usefae&mrsm;wGif woD;yk*~vrsm;u &&Sonf? d wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmf[lonfrSm wdkif;jynf.tem*wftkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' a&;qGJ&efomjzpf+yD; ygvDrefv$wfawmfrsKd;r[kwfacs? vGwfvyfa&;a=unmcJh+yD;aemuf ygvDrefv$wfawmf. wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;tm; aqmif&GufcJh aomfvnf; tajctaet&aqmif&ucjhJ cif;omjzpfonf? xd@k a=umifh vGwvyfa&;a=unmonfh 1948 G f f ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufae@rSpI 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv (3) &ufae@ ygvDreftpnf;ta0; pxdkifonfh tawmtwGi;f wdi;f yjynfyv$wawmf (,m,Dygvref) [k ac:a0:cJonf? tqdyg,m,DygvrefrS orRw k f D h k D wifajrmufvuonfh p0fa&$outm; ,m,DorRw/ tpd;k &tzG@J tm; ,m,Dtpd;k &[k ac:a0:cJonf? kd f kd f h jrefrmEdiirS wdi;f yjynfyv$wawmfonf awmfvea&;w&yfatmifjrifojzifh jzpfay:vm&jcif; kfH k f Sf r[kwbJ atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyft& jzpfay:vmonfh wdi;f yjynfyv$wawmfw&yfjzpfonf? f k f xdpOfu zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'a&;qG+J yD; ,m,DtrsK;d om;v$wawmftjzpf tpd;k &tzG@J k f kH f zG@J pnf; xm;cJ&mrS (18) vt=umwGif yxrt}udra&G;aumufyusi;f y&rnf[k owfrwxm;cJonf? h f JG S f h 1947 ckEp/f tajccHOya' yk'r (233) wGif tajccHOya't&usi;f yonfh yxrtrwfa&G;aumufyukd S f JG TtajccHOya' tm%mwnfonfhae@rSpI (18) vtwGif; usif;y&rnf[kjyXmef;xm;ojzifh vGwf vyfa&;ESitwl 1948 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (4) &ufae@wif tajccHOya'tm%mwnfcojzifh a&G;aumufyJG hf S D G hJ udk 1949 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifvrwdkif rDusif;y&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyGJudk 1951 ckESpf/ ZGefv (12) &ufae@rS 1952 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (3) &uf ae@txd (3) &pfcI usi;f ycJonf? vGwvyfa&;a=unmt+yD; S D JG h f (3) vt=umrS pIjzpfay:vmcJonfh jynfwi;f ppfuta=umif;jyI a&$qdi;f vmcJjh cif;jzpfonf? h G kd k yxrt}udrf Oya'yv$wawmfa&G;aumufy f JG yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;y&ef qmbOD;acgif;aqmifaom a&G;aumufy}JG u;D =uyfpra&;tzG@J ukd 1949 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (19) &ufae@wif zG@J pnf;cJonf? if;tzG@J u DH S D G h yxrt}urtpD&ifcpmudk 1949 ckEp/f ZGev (9) &ufae@wiusi;f yaom wdi;f jynfyv$wawmf tpnf; df H S f Gf k f ta0;wGifwifjyonf? if;tpD&ifcHpmt& qlylaomif;usef;r_rsm;a=umifh a&G;aumufyGJusif;yEdkifjcif; r&Sdao;I tajccHOya'ESifhnD!Gwfap&ef tajccHOya'yk'fr (233) wGifygaom tul;tajymif;umv owfrwcsuukd (18) v[k jyifqifowfrwconf? 'kw,tpD&ifcpmudk 1950 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v S f f S f hJ d H hS D (16) &ufae@ wdi;f jynfyv$wawmftpnf;ta0;od@k wifoi;f onf? if;tpD&ifcpmwGivnf; Ediiawmf. k f G H f kfH tajcaerSm vGwvyfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyjJG zpfEionftxd aumif;rGerr&Sao;a=umif; wifjy f kd f f_ d
14
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jyefonf? xd@k a=umifh tul;tajymif;umvowfrwcsuukd vaygi;f (40) [k jyifqifowfrwconf? S f f S f hJ wwd,t}urtpD&ifcpmwGif a&G;aumufyrsm;udk wwdi;f jynfv;kH twGuf (3) okwcJG usi;f yay;rnf[k df H JG k f yg&Sdonf? xdkodk@usif;yay;&eftwGuf tul;tajymif;umvowfrSwfcsufudk aemufxyf (8) vwdk;I 1952 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufae@txd wdk;jrifhowfrSwfay;&ef wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf? xdk@a=umifh 1951 ck/ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH (tajccHOya't& yxrtywfa&G;aumufyqi&m) tul;tajymif; kf JG kd f umvjyXmef;csuf trde@f udk twnfy&ef 1951 ckEp/f rwfv (15) &ufae@ wdi;f jynfyv$wawmftpnf; S k f ta0;Y tqdkwifoGif;cJhonf? if;tqdkudk wdkif;jynfyv$wfawmfu twnfyonfhtwGuf zGJ@pnf; tkycsKyfykH tajccHOya' yk'r (233) wGiyg&onfh tul;tajymif;umv owfrwcsuukd (48) v [k f f f dS S f f jyifqifc=hJ uonf? Tod@k jzifh a&G;aumufytul;tajymif;umvudk (18) vrS (28) v/ v (40)/ (48) v JG [k oHk;}udrfwdkifjyifqifowfrSwfcJhonf? yxrt}udrfa&G;aumufyGJudk 1952 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4) &uftwGif; usif;y&efjzpfonf? wzef a'ovdkufa&G;aumufyGJrsm;yvkyfrnfjzpfI tajccHOya'yk'fr 84 (1) udk acwWjyifqif&efxwjf yefrnfh orRwtrde@f ukd v$wawmfutwnfy&efvnf; tqdwifoi;f cJh k f k G onf? twdkuftcHtrwfrsm;u a0zefuef@uGuf=uaomfvnf; zqyvtzGJ@u trwftiftm;rsm; aoma=umifh if;tqdutwnfycJonf? a&G;aumufyukd (3) okwcIusi;f y&efjzpf+yD; yxrtokwf k kd h JG f JG a&G;aumufyukd 1951 ckEp/f ZGev (12) &ufae@wif pwifusi;f yonf? a&G;aumufy}JG u;D =uyfpra&;tzG@J u JG S f G DH usif;yEdkif+yD[k owfrSwfxm;aome,frsm;wGifom we,f+yD;we,f usif;y&onf? zqyvonf 1951 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif pwifusif;yaoma&G;aumufyGJtqifhqifhwGif rdrdwdk@ tm%m qufvufwnfwa&;twGuf enf;trsK;d rsK;d udo;kH pG=J uonf? twdutcH Ediia&;orm;tcsKd udk hH k k f kfH 1947 ckEp/f jynfo@l +idr0yfyjd ym;a&; (xde;f odr;f apmifa&Smufr) tufOya' yk'r (5) jzifh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif S f h _ f jcif;/ twdutcHtrwfavmif;tcsKd ESihf if;wd@k .ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk owfjzwfjcif;/ zqyv qd&,vpf k f k f f kS f rsm;. cg;yduaqmif vufeufuitzG@J tpnf;rsm;jzpfaom ,ltrfyD (Union Military Police - jynfaxmif k f kd f pk ppf&) wyfz@JG rsm;/ ajymufusm;rsm;/ umuG,a&;rsm;u a&G;aumufywif zqyv tEdi&a&;twGuf J f JG G kf +cdr;f ajcmufjcif;ponfh rw&m;tEdiusirrsm;udk usL;vGe=f uonf? a&G;aumufyusi;f y+yD;aemuf rJa& k f hf _ JG wGuonftcgwivnf; tm%m& zqyvtm%mydirsm;u rJy;kH rsm;udk csucsi;f rzGib/J rJy;kH rsm;azmuf f h Gf kf f hf I rJrsm;cd;k +yD;rSom rJa&wGu+f yD;/ zqyvtrwfavmif;tEdi&&S&ef aqmif&uconfrsm;&Sconf? 1951 kf d G f hJ d hJ ckESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif zqyvu rJcdk;onf[k,Hk=unfa=umif; xdkpOfu w&m;0ef}uD; OD;{armifu aemufyi;f wGi0efcconf[qonf? kd f H hJ k kd om,m0wDcdi/f rd;k ndKrde,fY 1951 ckEpf a&G;aumufywif zqyv qd&,vpftrwftEdif k S JG G kS f k &a&;twGuf qdk&S,fvpfwyfr; Adkvfr;xGef;wiftkyfcsKyfaom trSwf (22) ,ltrfyDwyfrS wyfom;rsm; 0ifa&muf+cdr;f ajcmufaESmif,uojzifh zqyvtrwf tEdi&&Sconf? rif;vSrde,fwivnf; trSwf h S f k f d hJ Gf (22) ,ltrfywyfz@JG rsm;ESihf qd&,vpfajymufusm;rsm;onf a&G;aumufywif 0ifa&mufaESmif,uum D kS f JG G h S f tEdi&xm;onfh twdutcHygwwckrtrwftm; rw&m;ta&;,lI trwftjzpfrS &yfpapcJonf? kf k f D S J h yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJwGif zqyvtzGJ@csKyfESifhtwl Armjynftvkyf orm; v,form;ygw/D OD;atmifoef;. jynfo@l +ir;f csr;f a&;tzG@J aygi;f pk/ Advxe;f pde. jynfo@l &abmftzG@J / d k f G f J ocifApde. Armjynf'ru&ufwpfygw/D a'guwmbarmf. r[mArmtzG@J / OD;bab. jynfcspr[mrdwf f D kd f f
15
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tzG@J / woD;yk*~v &cdkiftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@/ Arm-rGwfpvifuGef*&uf/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;tzGJ@/ atmif ygw/D tif'yif;'ifygwpaom tzG@J tpnf;rsK;d pHk yg0if,Of yiconf? Ta&G;aumufywif vuf&tm%m& D h D S d f hJ JG G dS tzG@J vnf;jzpf/ tiftm;t}u;D qH;k Ediia&;tzG@J }u;D vnf;jzpfaom zqyvtzG@J csKyfu tEdi&&Sum tpd;k & kfH kf d zG@J conf? rJay;=uolrsm; teuf (60) &mE_e;f onf zqyvudk axmufcray;cJ=h uonf? a&G;aumufywif hJ HJ JG G &&Sdaom rJta&twGufpm&if; twdtusudk 1954 ckESpftxd xkwfjyefEdkifjcif;r&SdcJhay? 1952 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&v (20) &ufae@xwjf yefcsut& pkpaygi;f v$wawmftrwf (233) ae&mwGif zqyvtzG@J csKyu D k f k f f ae&maygif; (180) ESifh twdkuftcHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u (53) ae&m&&SdcJhonf? a&G;aumufyrm w&m;r#wr_r&S[I twdutcHEiia&;ygwrsm;u pGypc=hJ uonf? e,frsm; JG S d l k f kd f H D f JG wGif twdutcHtrwfrsm;ESihf if;wd@k .ud,pm;vS,rsm; towfc=H u&onf[k qd=k uonf? zm;tHe,f k f k f f trwfavmif; OD;bquf/ a&$btwdutcHu,pm;vS,/f yckULtwdutcH ud,pm;vS,EpO;D / rdvm kd k f kd f k f k f fSf D wGif twdutcH ckepfO;D / tif;pdetwdutcHtrwfavmif; OD;xGe;f jrif/h &cditrwf OD;bpdew@kd vky=f uc& k f f k f kf f HH onf[k azmfjyxm;onf? Ek-tufwvDrS jynfawmfompcef;/ pm 22 twdkuftcH vuf0J/ vusFm Ediia&;ygwrsm;onf 1952 ckEp/f {+yDv (1) &ufrS (4) &ufae@txd jynfv;kH u|wf rw&m;a&G;aumufyJG kfH D S uGefz&ifhudk a'gufwmbarmf/ OD;atmifoef;/ ocifcspfarmif/ ocifvGif/ OD;b+idrf;paom EdkifiHa&;acgif; aqmifrsm;OD;aqmifum usif;ycJhonf? if;uGefz&ifhwGif (1) zqyv. cg;ydkufaqmif vufeufudkif tzGJ@rsm;onf zqyvtm; rJay;&ef jynfolrsm;tm; +cdrf;ajcmufonf? wdkuf}uD;/ zsmyHk/ jrefatmif/ 0rf;wGi;f ponfw@kd wif twdutcHrsm; ryif0atmif ppfwyfjzifh +cr;f ajcmufonf? om,m0wD/ ppfui;f / G k f hH d kd ysO;f rem;/ a&$b/kd yckUL/ rdvmponfw@kd wif zqyv qd&,vpfvufeufuiwyfrsm;u +cr;f ajcmufrJ D G k S f kd f d xnfhcdkif;onf[k azmfjyxm;onf? Ek-tufwvDrS jynfawmfompcef;/ pm 22 (2) zqyv tzGJ@csKyf tEdkif&a&;twGuf wyfrawmfu vdrRmyg;eyfpGm y&d,m,frsKd;pHkjzifhulnDcJhonf? (3) a&G;aumufyGJenf; Oya't& ud,pm;vS,vwI rJay;cGir&Saomfvnf; jrpf}u;D em;rJqENe,fwif rJy;kH rsm;udxrf;I wtdrf k f f $ f hf d G k wufqif; rJxnfci;f onf ponfjzifh rw&m;r_rsm;udk axmufjy=uonf? xd@k aemuf jynfv;kH u|wf rw&m; h kd a&G;aumufyuez&iftpD&ifcpmudk xkwjf yefconf? if;tpD&ifcpmwGif Oya'tvGo;kH pm;vkyrrsm; JG G f h H hJ H J f_ ppfaq;a&;/ vufeuftvGJoHk;pm;r_ESifh nOf;yef;ESdyfpufr_rsm; ppfaq;a&;/ tm%mESifh tcGifhta&;rsm; tvGJoHk;pm;r_rsm; ppfaq;a&;/ 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm; tvGo;kH pm;r_rsm; ppfaq;a&;/ jrLeDpy,frw&m; kd hf J a&G;aumufyGJrsm; ppfaq;a&;/ 'Drdkua&pDusqHk;r_rsm; pdppfa&;[lI ajcmufydkif;cGJum tpD&ifcHwifjyxm; onf? od@k aomf tm%mvuf&dS tiftm;t}u;D qH;k zqyvtzG@J csKytm; vGeqefEijf cif;r&Scay? f f kd d hJ tm%m& z-q-y-v qdk&S,fvpftpdk;&u aiG/ vufeuf/ tm%mwdk@jzifh rJcdk;onfrStp vlowfonftqH;k rw&m;yusiconf? 1952 ckEp/f rwfvwGif jynfo@l vwawmf yxrqH;k nDvmcH hf hJ S $ f udk pwifEiconf? xdEpf rwfv (12) &ufae@wif yxrqH;k aom EdiiawmforRwtjzpf a'guwmbOD; kd f hJ kS G kfH f a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? hJ a&G;aumufytuumvwGif vlzrf;yG}J u;D rsm;/ vlowfy}JG u;D rsm;/ jyefay;qGrrsm;/ rD;d_ r_}u;D rsm;udk JG d J_ cg;yduaqmifwyfrsm;u yvkyc=hJ uonf? e,fcsJ acwf 'ditmcDtycsKyfa&;/ (91) XmetkycsKyfa&;umv k f f kf kf f rsm;u rJc;kd r_xuf}u;D us,onfrc;kd r_rsm; yvkyc=hJ uonf? a&G;aumufyukd t&pfususi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfojzifh f hJ f JG wae&mrSH_;aomf tjcm;wae&mrSxyfrH 0ifa&mufta&G;cs,fcHjcif;rsm;&SdcJhonf? Oyrm ocifwif
16
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f onf yxrtokwa&G;aumufywif om,m0wDcdirS 0ifa&mufta&G;cHc&m H;_ edrcaomfvnf;/ 'kw, f JG G kf hJ hf hJ d tokwfa&G;aumufyGJwGif jzL;rJqENe,frS jyefvnfta&G;cH&+yD; trwfjzpfvmcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;&+yD; aemuf yxrqHk;t}udrfusif;yonfh a&G;aumufyGJrSpI tm%m& zqyvqdk&S,fvpftpkd;&onf rJcdk; onfrStp vlowfonftqHk; rormr_rsm;/ rw&m;r_rsm;yusifhI tEdkif,lcJhonf? 'kw,t}udrf Oya'yv$wawmfa&G;aumufy d f JG jrefrmEdiiw0ef;vH;k Y 'kw,t}urf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd 1956 ckEp/f {+yv (27) &ufae@ kfH d d JG S D wGif usi;f ycJonf? wjynfv;kH rJqENe,f (250) teuf (220) wGif a&G;aumufyukd wydiwnf;usi;f y h JG f onf? ,ckt}udrfwGif zqyv. t"duydifbuftjzpf twdkuftcHygwDrsm; aygif;pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH trsK;d om;nD!wa&;wyfaygi;f pk (yrnw) tzG@J ay:ayguvmonf? yrnw kf G f f tzGJ@rSm jynfol@'Drdkua&pDygwD (wdk@Armtpnf;tHk;)/ jynfol@nD!Gwfa&;ygwD/ jynfol@+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ aygi;f pk/ Armjynftvkyorm;v,form;ygwD (qd&,e)/ Armjynftvkyorm;tpnf;tH;k rsm; tzG@J csKyf f kS fD f (bDwD,lpD)/ awmifolv,form; nD!Gwfa&;tpnf;tHk; (wvnp)/ jynfol@vli,ftzGJ@csKyf/ w&m; r#wr_ygw/D rGewi;f &if;om;tpnf;tH;k / u&iftrsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif ref;xGe;f &iftp&Saom woD;yk*v f kd d ~ rsm;/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;/ vlxkvlwef;pm;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ vlrsKd;pktzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;xm;aom tzG@J jzpfonf? yrnwonf 1955 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (9) &ufae@wif acgi;f aqmifrsm;vufrwa&;xd;k I S k G S f Ed0ifbmv (18) &ufae@wif w&m;0iftzG@J tpnf;tjzpf ay:ayguvmcJonf? r=umrD ajrjyef@ csi;f trsK;d k G f h om;tpnf;tHk;ESifh vli,fwyfOD;wdk@tjyif tr_xrf;or*~ OuUa[mif; OD;xGef;atmifausmfwdk@vnf; yl;aygi;f yg0ifvm=uonf? xdaemuf jynfo@l or%dygwvnf; yg0ifvmcJonf? k H D h zqyvonf usi;f yawmhrnfjzpfaom a&G;aumufytEdi&a&;twGuf enf;trsK;d rsK;d jzifh quf JG k f vufaqmif&uconf? tESpav;q,f tm%mwnf&rnf[aom auG;a=umfojH zifh pnf;H;k vH@_ aqmfchJ G f hJ f l onf? a&G;aumufyGJtEdkif&&Sda&;twGuf zqyv =oZmcHr[kwfaom cdkif0efrsm;udk e,fajymif;jcif;/ zqyvESihf ,SOf yita&G;cHrnftrwfavmif;rsm;bufrS aqmif&uorsm;udk zrf;qD;+cr;f ajcmufjcif;ponfh df h G f l d tm%mtvGo;kH pm;r_rsm;udvnf; yvkyconf? yrnwtrwfavmif; ocifviuvnf; if;twGuf J k f hJ Gf aqmif&uay;aeaom &Jabmfav;OD;towfc&r_a=umifh rJqEN&irsm;. vHk crur&Edi/f w&m;r#waom G f H Sf H _ kd k a&G;aumufyGJrjzpfEdkif[k ,lqojzifh a&G;aumufyGJa&$qdkif;ay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf? rtlyifawmifydkif; anmifwkef;ESifh "EkjzLe,fwGifvnf; yrnwtrwfavmif; OD;b&ifonf jyLapmxD;rsm;. +cdrf;ajcmuf tE W&m,fay;r_a=umifh vlrsKd;pka&G;aumufyGJudk oydwfarSmufcJhonf? if;tjyif w&m;r#waom a&G; aumufyJG usi;f yay;a&;twGuf wdi=f um;pmrsm;vnf; ay;yd@k wifjy=uonfukd awG@&onf? a&G;aumufyJG k twGif; twdkuftcHtrwfESifh au'gtcsdK@rSm jyLapmxD;umuG,fa&;wyfrsm;. vkyf=uHowfjzwfjcif; cH&onf[qonf? 1956 ckEp/f Zlviv (27) &ufae@ wGif jzpfym;cJonfh om,m0wD/ rif;vSa&G;aumufyJG k kd S kd f G h av;avmif;ydifvlowfyGJ}uD;rSm vGefpGmtkyfqdk;vSonf? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;wGif zqyv tzGJ@csKyf}uD;ESifhtwl yrnw/ ocifApdef. Armjynf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ a'gufwmAarmf. trsKd;om; tkyfpkwdk@ 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJhonf? yrnwonf tiftm;taumif;qHk; twdkuftcHygwDjzpfcJhonf? yrnwu jynfwi;f ppfrcs&yfp&rnf[aom jynfwi;f +idr;f csr;f a&;auG;a=umfojH zifh a&G;aumufy0ifchJ G k J l G JG
17
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f onf? if;tjyif zqyv. jynfwi;f +ir;f csr;f a&;oabmxm;uda0zefum awmwGi;f olyersm;ESihf awG@qkH G d k kf aqG;aEG;&ef ta&;qdkcJhonf? zqyvtpdk;&uvnf; 1955 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1) &ufrS 1956 ckEp/f rwfv (31) &ufae@txd oufwrf;&Saom vGw+f ir;f csr;f omcGiuxwjf yefconf? a&G;aumufywif S d d hf kd k hJ JG G zqyvu tESpf (40) tm%mwnfjrJ&rnf[auG;a=umfpnf;H;k cJonf? a&G;aumufywif zqyvu k h JG G tEdi&&Saomfvnf; yrnwtzG@J Eihf rJta&twGurm rsm;pGmruGmjcm;vSay? a&G;aumufywif zqyvrS kf d S fS JG G (1743816) rJ&&Sc+hJ y;D / yrnwrS (1139286) rJ &&Sconf? yrnwtygt0if twdutcH pkpaygi;f d d hJ k f k taejzifh (1530630) rJ &&Sconf? zqyvrS trwfae&m (144) ae&m/ yrnwrS trwfae&m (46) d hJ ae&m/ &cditrsK;d om;tzG@J csKyfrS trwfae&m (6) ae&m/ woD;yk*v trwfae&m (9) ae&m ponfjzifh kf ~ &&SdcJhonf? yrnwtm; axmufcHrJta&twGufwdk;wufvmr_u zqyv.pnf;Hk;a&;usqif;r_udk ay:vGifaponf? zqyvtm; jynfolrsm;. axmufcHr_avsmhenf;vma=umif; azmfjyaeonf? a&G;aumufyEiywfoufI wzufEiwzuf tjyeftvSepyprrsm;vnf;&Sconf? yrnw JG S hf S hf f G f JG _ d hJ u zqyvonf ppfwyfEihf jyLapmxD;rsm;a=umifh tEdi&onf[pyponf? Tudpukd v$wawmfwif S kf k G f JG P f G vnf; yrnwtrwfrsm;u a0zef=uonf? 1956 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (17) &ufae@wif usi;f yaom S G v$wawmftpnf;ta0;wGif 0g;c,frajrmufyi;f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;wif&u +y;D cJaom a&G;aumuf f kd f kd f D h yGwif tpd;k &onf 'Drua&pDukd r,H=k unfatmifyrlaea=umif;/ rJt&m&Srsm;onf t&nftcsi;f nHzsi;f J G kd kH d h onftjyif/ twdutcHtrwfavmif;rsm;tm; rw&m;yrl=ua=umif;/ ppfwyfu +cdr;f ajcmufrxnfci;f h k f J h kd a=umif;rsm;udk tJonfa'orSmqdv#if a&G;aumufyrwdirtcseumvrSm b,fvvyovJ k JG k f D d f kd k f qdkawmh ppfwyfESifh ,lbD/ t,f(vf)bDawGESifhoGm;+yD; rJuwfjym;rsm;a0wJhtcgrSm z-q-y-vudk rJxnfhrS rJuwfjym;,l=u? z-q-y-v udk (5) a,mufbJrJxnfh rnfqdkv#if 5 apmifbJ,l? tjcm;vlrsm;udk rJay;rnfqdkv#if r,l=uESifhqdk+yD; ajym wm&Sygw,f d [lI wifjycJonf? xd@k jyif zqyv rJ&&Sa&;twGuf jyLapmxD;wyfrsm;udtoH;k yum 'Drua&pDvwvyf h d k kd G f cGifhudk y,fzsufaoma=umifh rw&m;a&G;aumufyGJjzpfonf[lI yrnwrsm;u pGyfpGJ=uonf? yrnw onf aiGukd a&vdo;kH Ediaoma=umifvnf;aumif;/ vufeufjzif+h cr;f ajcmufI rJay;cdi;f aoma=umifvnf; k kf h d k h aumif; rJ&onf[k zqyvuvnf; jyefvepypconf? S f G f JG hJ 1958 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (28) &ufae@wif AdvcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;pD;aom ,m,Dtrapmifh S kd G k f df tpd;k &tzG@J opfu EdiiawmftwGi;f +idr0yfyjd ym;r_jyefvnf&&Sa&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;twGuf vnf; kfH f d aumif;/ vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;twGufvnf;aumif;/ oef@&Sif;zqyv tpdk;&xHrS tm%mudk v$Jajymif;vufcH,lcJhonf? zqyvtpdk;&xHrS tm%mv$Jajymif;,lcJhpOfu AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf 1959 ckESpf/ {+yDv rukerD vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;usi;f yay;Edi&ef vdtyfaom tpDtpOf f f kf k rsm;udk tpGrf;ukefaqmif&Gufay;ygrnf[k uwdycJhonf? odk@aomf owfrSwfxm;aom umvtwGif; EdiitwGi;f tajctaerwnf+irao;onftwGuf w&m;r#w vGwvyfaoma&G;aumufy}JG u;D yvky&ef kfH df h f f rjzpfEdkifao;[k,lqojzifh 1959 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13) &ufae@wGif usif;yaom jynfol@v$wfawmf
18
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f nDvmcHY 0ef}u;D csKyf&mxl;rS Ekwxuc+hJ y;D / taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;udpukd ygvrefrq;kH jzwf&ef f G f JG P D S v$JtyfcJhonf? odk@aomf 1959 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGifusif;yaom ygvDrefv$wfawmfnDvmcH wGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;tm; 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) Oya'opft& jyefvnfwifajrmufcojzifh 'kw,t}udrf AdvcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;pD;aom tdrapmiftpd;k & hJ d k f f h tzG@J jyefvnfz@JG pnf;cJonf? 1959 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (19) &ufae@wif tdrapmiftpd;k &u 1960 jynfEp/f h S G f h hS azazmf0g&Dv (6) &ufae@wGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfjzpfa=umif; twdtvif; &ufowfrSwfa=unm cJonf? h wwd,t}udrf Oya'yv$wawmfa&G;aumufy f JG wwd,t}udra&G;aumufyukd 1960 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (6) &ufae@wif ,m,Dtrapmifh f JG hS D G df tpd;k &uusi;f yay;cJonf? 1958 ckEp/f {+yv (27) &ufae@wif oef@&i;f -wnfjr[I zqyvuG+J y;D aemuf h S D G S J l yxrqH;k usi;f yonfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;twGuf udwifjyifqif+yD;aemuf tdrfapmifhtpdk;&onf vuf&Sd ygvrefukd 1959 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (19) &ufae@wif zsuor;f cJonf? xd@k aemuf 1959 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv D S G f d h S (19) &ufae@wif EdiiawmforRwu 1948 ckEp/f ygvrefa&G;aumufytufOya' yk'r (15) ESihf 1948 G kfH S D JG f ckESpf/ ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJ enf;Oya'wGif jyXmef;xm;aom tm%mudktoHk;yv#uf trwftjzpf ta&G;cH&ef trnfwifoi;f &rnfae@/ trnfwifoi;f v$mrsm;udk =unfppfaq;&rnfae@/ ta&G;cHotjzpf G h G h_ h l trnfwifoGif;v$m Ekwfodrf;&efae@/ trsm;jynfol rJay;&efae@ESifh rJa&wGuf&efae@rsm;udk jyXmef;owf rSwa=unmonf? f taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJeD;uyfvmonfhtwGuf yg0if,SOfydifrnfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;onf rJq,f pnf;H;k jcif;/ a&G;aumufy0g'vrf;pOfrsm;a=unmcsursm;jzifh v_y&m;vm=uonf? Ediia&;ygwD G JG f fS kfH tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf yg0if,Of ydirnfh Ediia&;acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf twm;tqD;r&Sd vGwvyfpm w&m; S f kfH f G a[majym rJqG,fpnf;Hk;cJh=uonf? a&G;aumufyGJtEdkif&a&;twGuf rJqG,fpnf;Hk;v_yf&Sm;&mwGif ygwDrsm;u rdrd0g'ESihfvrf;pOfrsm;udka=unm+yD; rJqG,fr_rsm;yvkyfcJh=uonf? a&G;aumufyGJumvtwGif; EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;onf rJqG,fa[majymjcif;/ vufurf;pmapmif/ pmwrf;rsm;xkwa0jcif;/ owif;pmrsm;rS wqifh pnf;H;k jcif;/ acgi;f aqmifrsm;ud,wif e,fvnpnf;H;k f k f kd S hf a[majymjcif;paom enf;trsKd;rsKd;udkoHk;pGJcJh=uonf? txl;ojzifh t"dutiftm;}uD;ygwD}uD;rsm;jzpf aom wnfjrJESifh oef@&Sif;zqyvESpfzGJ@onf vltiftm;/ aiGtiftm;oHk;um tydifrJqG,fv_yf&Sm;cJh=u onf? ygw}D uD;ESp&yf. acgi;f aqmifyi;f wGif wOD;tay:wOD; ykwcwftjypf&m a[majyma&;om;r_rsm; f kd f S omru rde,fatmufajctqifhrsm;wGifyg ydyuQrsm; toGiftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh ay:vmcJhonf? wnfjrJ zqyv ESifh oef@&Sif;zqyv tzGJ@}uD;ESpfcku tm;ydifrJqG,fpnf;Hk;a&;qif;=uonfhenf;wl yrnwuvnf; yrnwtrwfavmif;rsm; tEdkif&a&;twGuf v_yf&Sm;cJh=uonf? rJq,pnf;H;k a&;vkyief;rsm;udk a&G;aumufywif yg0if,Of yirnfh Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf yk*Kd~ vrsm; G f f JG G S df kfH D f omru owif;pmtcsKd uvnf; rdrw@kd vvm;&mbufo@kd vduIa&;om;=uonf? jynfaxmifpae@pOf d kd k f k
19
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f owif;pmESifh Armhacwfowif;pmwdk@u oef@&Sif;zqyvtwGuf pnf;Hk;ay;cJhI rdKif owif;pmESifh taxmufawmf owif;pmwdk@u wnfjrJzqyvtwGuf pnf;Hk;ay;cJhonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; tydif rJq,c=hJ u&mwGif ygwtcsi;f csi;f 0g'a&;&mydiqijf cif;/ yk*Kd~ vfa&; a0zefwucujf cif;/ owif;pmrsm;rS G f D f kd kd f kd wqifh umwGef;rsm;/ aqmif;yg;rsm;jzifh ykwfcwfoa&mfjcif; ponfjzifh ygwDwdkufyGJrsm; jyif;xefcJhonf? a&G;aumufytEdi&a&;twGuf xdo@kd a[majymrJq,jf cif;/ a0zefywcwfjcif;omruawmhbJ vufeuf JG k f k G k f jzifh wdkufcdkufvmonftxd tm;ydifr_t&Sdeft[kefjrifhrm;vmcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (14) &ufae@wif jynfcdi/f oJue;f rd e,f/ oef@&i;f zqyvtzG@J twGi;f a&;r;OD;jrvdiEihf oef@&i;f trwfavmif; G k k S _fS S OD;csparmifw@kd oJue;f rS ykw;D uke;f od@k rJq,pnf;H;k a&;oGm;pOf vufypfA;kH ESitypfc&ojzifh OD;jrvdirm f k G f hf H _fS wifyg;wGi'%f&m&+yD; aq;Hwifc&onf? 1960 jynfEp/f Zefe0g&v (26) &ufae@wif +rdwf rdY oef@&i;f f k hJ hS D G S zqyvOuU udkbarmiftm; wnfjrJzqyvtzGJ@0if vli,fwOD;u "m;jzifhxdk;cJhojzifh udkbarmif. vuf0buf&iftwif '%f&m&&Sconf? J kH G d hJ oef@&i;f zqyvrJy;kH rsm;wGif oef@&i;f zqyvtzG@J csKyf OuUOD;Ek."mwfyEihf oufqi&mtrwf S S kH S kd f avmif;.trnfudk azmfjyxm;onf? rJyHk;wGif omoema&mifjzpfonfh t0ga&mifudkoHk;cJhI ta&G;cHol oef@&Sif;trwfavmif;rsm;. rJyHk;rsm;wGif OD;Ek."mwfyHkudk xif&Sm;pGmuyfxm;jcif;jzifh rJqEN&Sifrsm;u OD;Eku,wif 0ifa&mufta&G;cHonf[k xifa,mifxifrm;jzpfatmifvnpm;cJonf? wnfjrJ zqyv kd f kd S S hf h rJy;kH rsm;wGif wnfjrJzqyvtvHawmftwdi;f aemufcteDa&mif/ vuf0axmifwif axmifig;axmifyg k H J h G h h =u,fjzLwyGihf tv,fwif zqyv[laom tjzLa&mifpmvH;k / atmufq;kH tv,fem;wGif tjzLcH tay: Y G oufqi&mtrwfavmif.trnfukd teDa&mifjzifh a&;om;xm;onf? yrnwrJy;kH rsm;wGif tjyma&mif kd f aemufcHwGif t0ga&mif=u,fyGifhwyGifhESifh oufqdkif&mtrwfavmif;trnfudk azmfjyxm;onf? jrefrmwEdiiv;kH Y rJqEN&iaygi;f (9958675) OD; &Sconf? a&G;aumufyukd rJqENe,f (250) kfH Sf d hJ JG &Sonfteuf (23) ae&mudk aomif;use;f olrsm;. aESmif,u+f cr;f ajcmufr/_ trwfavmif;rsm;. raus d h h S d eyfra=umifh w&m;v$wawmf;kH rsm;. tqH;k tjzwfrusao;r_rsm;a=umifh a&G;aumufya&$qdi;f cJ&onfrS _ f JG k h vGI userrsm;wGif a&G;aumufyukd wydiwnf;usi;f yEdiconf? oef@&i;f zqyvu (203) ae&mwGif J f J kH JG f k f hJ S tEdkif&cJh+yD;/ wnfjrJzqyvu (39) ae&mwGif tEdkif&cJhonf? yrnwu a&;rdwae&mwGifom tEdkif&cJhonf? oef@&Sif;rS wnfjrJwdk@xuf rJav;qausmf tomjzifh tEdkif&&SdcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJ}uD;wGif bufvdkufjcif;/ rw&m;yvkyfjcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;rsm; &Sconf? d hJ a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;aemuf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifaom tdrfapmifhtpdk;&tzGJ@rS a&G;aumuf yGwif tEdi&&Scaom jynfaxmifpygwD (yxp) [k trnfopfc,xm;onfh OD;EkO;D aqmifaom tpd;k & J G k f d hJ k H l tzGJ@opfodk@ tm%mudk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcJhonf? 1962 ckESpftxd jynfaxmifpk (yxp) tpdk;&rS wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1962 ckEp/f rwfv (2) &ufae@wif AdvcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifonfh awmfvea&;aumifprS S G k f S f D tm%mjyefor;f cJonf? orRw}uD; ref;0if;armiftygt0if 0ef}uD;csKyfO;D EkEihf tjcm;Ediia&;acgi;f aqmif d h S kfH trsm;tjym;udk zrf;qD;axmifcsxm;cJhonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;vufrS tm%mv$Jajymif;&,lcJhonfh OD;Ekrm axmifxwif &ufaygi;f (1699) &ufaecJ&+y;D 1966 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (27) &ufae@wirS jyefvwonf? S J G h S kd Gf G f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf? 1962 ckEp/f rwfv (2) &ufae@ eHeufyi;f wGif wyfrawmfacgi;f aqmif (17) OD;yg0ifonfh jynf S kd axmifporRwjrefrmEdiiawmf awmfvea&;aumifpukd zG@J pnf;cJonf? awmfvea&;aumifpOuUtjzpf k kfH Sf D h Sf D umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;rS aqmif&GufcJhonf? vlxqEN/ vlxenf;rygbJ ppfwyfenf;oufoufjzifh tm%modr;f cJjh cif;udk ArmEdiiv;kH qdi&m k k kfH kf u&iftrsK;d om;rsm;tzG@J csKyf/ &efuewuUovausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ &efuecdif ausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ kf kd f kf k rE av;wuUov/f armfvrdiaumvdyEihf ykoraumvdy&dS ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ tzG@J tpnf;rsm;u W kd f f S d f f qef@usiuef@ uGuc=hJ uonf? 1962 ckEp/f Zlviv (7) &ufae@wif &efuewuUovausmif;om; nD!wf f f S kd f G kf kd f G a&;wyfO;D rS OD;aqmifI pDwef;vSnvnfqENjycJ=h uonf? &efuewuUovausmif;om;or*~ OuU/ hf kf kd f ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*~tzGJ@csKyf 'kwd,OuUESifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmiftcsdK@tm; ppftkyfpku zrf;qD;cJhonf? &JESifhausmif;om;rsm; tcsif;csif; cJrsm;/ rsuf&nf,dkAHk;rsm;jzifh tjyeftvSef ypfcwfonftxd us,jf yef@vmcJonf? &Jwyfrsm;kyor;f +yD; ppfwyfrS aoewfjzifypfcwf vlpcconf? h f d h k JG hJ ppftypu wuUovor*~taqmufttHtm; tkwjf rpftxdruseapatmifwucsu+f yD;/ ,rf;bDv;l kfk kd f k f G f rsm;jrKyfESHI Zlvdkifv (8) &ufae@ eHeufvif;tm;}uD;wGif zdcGJcJhonf? awmfvea&;aumifponf 1962 ckEp/f {+yv (30) &ufae@wif Ediiawmf awmfvea&;aumifpD Sf D S D G kfH Sf . 0g'oabmxm;a=unmcsufjzpfaom jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 1962 ckEp/f arv (9) &ufae@wif A[dvkH ca&;ESihf tkycsKyfraumfrwD/ jynfe,fwdi;f vHk ca&; S G k H f _ k H ESihf tkycsKyfraumfrwD/ cdivkH ca&;ESihf tkycsKyfraumfrwD/ rd e,fvkH ca&;ESihf tkycsKyfraumfrwD/ rd r f _ kf H f _ H f _ aus;&GmvHkcHa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD tqifhqifhudkzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD; 1962 ckESpf/ arv (17) &ufae@rSpI jynfe,f/ wdi;f / cdi/f rde,frsm;&Sd w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf &yf&mat;csr;f a&; OD;pD;tzG@J rsm;udk vHk cHa&;ESihf k k G tkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwDtoD;oD;odk@ ajymif;vJcJhonf? 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4) &ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH Oya'uda=unmI jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD (The Burma Socialist Programme Party) udk traw k kd S f ygwtjzpf xlaxmifconf? D hJ 1964 ckEp/f rwfv (28) &ufae@wif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwEihf ,if;ygw. OD;aqmifrukd S G kd S f DS D _ cH,aom tzG@J tpnf;rsm;rSty useEiia&;tzG@J tpnf;tm;vH;k udk zsuor;f onfOya'jzpfaom 1964 l f kd f H f d h ckEp/f trsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udumuG,onfh Oya'udk awmfvea&;aumifpu jyXmef;cJonf? S G f k f Sf D h EdkifiHa&;ygwDtm;vHk;udk zsufodrf;vdkuf+yD; jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk wygwDpepfjzifh pwiftaumif txnfazmfcJhonf? 1971 ckEpwif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwonf trawygwtqifrS jynfo@l ygwtjzpfo@kd Sf G kd S f D D h D a&muf&conf? ,cifu awmfvea&;aumifponf Ediia&;OD;aqmifrwif tjrifq;kH tzG@J tpnf; jzpfchJ dS hJ Sf D kfH _ G h &mrS jynfo@l ygwjD zpfvmonftcg jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwonf Ediia&;OD;aqmifygwjD zpfvmcJonf? h kd S f D kfH h 1962 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd awmfvea&;aumifprS wygwtm%m&Sipepfjzifh tkycsKyfc+hJ yD;/ Sf Sf Sf D D f f jynfo@l qENc,onfh a&G;aumufyrsm;r&Scyg? H l JG d hJ AdvcsKy}f u;D ae0if;onf 1972 ckEp/f {+yv (21) &ufae@wif wyfrawmfrt+ir;f pm;,lc+hJ y;D / OD;ae k f S D G S d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 0if; jzpfvmcJhonf? if;ESifhtwl tjcm;wyfrawmft&m&Sd}uD; (20) OD;vnf; wyfrawmfrS t+idrf;pm; ,lcJh=u+yD;/ tm%mudk (rlvydkif&Sif jynfolvlxkxHodk@) t&yfom;tpdk;&vufodk@ jyefvnftyfESif; av[ef pDpOfr_udk udwifjyifqifvkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJrsm;udk 1974 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (27) &ufae@rS azazmf0g&v (10) &ufae@txd yvkyconf? pkpaygi;f rJqENe,f S D D f hJ k (451) e,fwGif rJqENe,f (450) Y w}udrfwnf;jzifh qENrJxuf0ufausmf&&Sd+yD; atmifjrifpGma&G;cs,f Ediconf? yvuf0rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif a&G;cs,wifajrmufyJG txajrmuf k f hJ $ f J f aomfvnf; vma&mufqENrJay;olOD;a&.xuf0ufausmf qENrJr&ojzifh udk,fpm;vS,fa&G;cs,fwif ajrmufEijf cif;r&Scacs? 'kw,t}udrf a&G;cs,wifajrmufytwGuf ud,pm;vS,avmif;trnfpm&if; kd d hJ d f JG k f f wifoi;f &ef tcservHavmufojzifh tqdyg rJqENe,f. a&G;cs,wifajrmufyukd zsuor;f cJ&onf? G d f k k f JG f d h yxrt}udrf jynfo@l vwawmfEihf jynfo@l aumifptqifqifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufyrsm;wGif $ f S D h f JG rJqEN e,fwcktwGuf ,SOfydifolr&SdbJ/ wOD;wnf;om a&G;cs,fwifajrmufcH&efjzpfv#if ,if;udk,fpm; vS,avmif;tm; axmufconfry;kH ESihf uef@uuonfry;kH ESpy;kH omxm;&onf? rJy;kH rsm;ay:wGif ud,pm; f H hJ G f hJ f k f vS,avmif;.trnfukd a&;om;xm;+yD;/ axmufconfry;kH Y axmufconf[laom pmESihf trSwf f H hJ H tom;udvnf;aumif;/ uef@uuonfry;kH Y uef@uuonf[laom pmESihf trSwtom;udvnf; k G f h J G f f k aumif; a&;om;xm;onf? rJqENe,fwckwGif ,SOfydifta&G;cHol wOD;xufydkI&Sdv#if ,if;odk@,SOfydif ta&G;cHol ta&twGu&oavmuf rJy;kH ta&twGuf yvkyppOfxm;onf? rJy;kH toD;oD;wGif oufqi&m f dS fD kd f jynfo@l u,pm;vS,f avmif;rsm;.trnfrsm;udk xif&m;pGma&;om;xm;onf? rJwHpwif &yfuu/f kd f S kH k D G G aus;&Gmtkypk jynfo@l aumifp0ifavmif;twGuf qENray;cef;/ rd e,f jynfo@l aumifp0ifavmif;twGuf f D J D qENray;cef;/ jynfe,f/ wdi;f jynfo@l aumifp0ifavmif;twGuf qENray;cef;/ jynfo@l vwawmf ud,f J k D J $ f k pm;vS,avmif;twGuf qENray;cef;[lI qENray;cef; tcef; (4) cef;pDxm;&Sonf? jrefrmhq&,vpf f J J d kd S f vrf;pOfygw/D A[daumfrwDrS jynfo@l vwawmfEihf jynfe,f/ wdi;f jynfo@l aumifptqifh ud,pm;vS,f k $ f S k D k f avmif;pm&if;udk ypkay;onf? jynfol@v$wfawmftqifhwGif ygwDA[dkaumfrwDrS &mxm;ay;olrsm;/ jynfe,f/ wdi;f / rd e,f/ &yfuu/f aus;&Gmtkypk tqifrsm;wGif a'oygwaumfrwDrS &mxm;ay;olrsm;tm; k G f h D ESpoufoabmusonf jzpfap/ rESpoufonfjzpfap a&G;cs,ay;=u&onf? jzpfonfenf;ESihf &atmif f f f h aqmif&uay;=u&ojzifh rormr_rsm;&Sconf? trJy;kH rSrrsm; tjzLyH;k od@k aemufyi;f wGif ajymif;xnfjh cif; G f d hJ J kd rsm; &SdcJhonf? 'kwd,t}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJrsm;udk 1978 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (1) &ufae@rpI (15)&ufae@txd yvkyconf? 'kw,t}urf jynfo@l vwawmf S D S f hJ d d $ f twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfhrJqENe,faygif; (464) ck&SdcJhonf? wwd,t}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk zG@J pnf;Edi&ef wwd,t}urf jynfo@l vwawmfEihf jynfo@l aumifptqifqifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufyrsm;udk kf d $ f S D h f JG 1981 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (4) &ufae@rpI (30) &ufae@txd yvkyconf? wwd,t}udrjf ynfo@l S kd S f hJ v$wawmftwGuf owfrwxm;onfh rJqENe,faygi;f (475) ck &Sconf? pwkwt}urjf ynfo@l vwawmfukd f S f d hJ d $ f zG@J pnf;Edi&eftwGuf pwkwt}urf jynfo@l vwawmfEihf jynfo@l aumifptqifqifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufyJG kf d $ f S D h f rsm;udk 1985 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (6) &ufae@rSpI (20) &ufae@txd usif;yyvkyfcJhonf? pwkw
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f t}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmftwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,faygif; (489) ck&SdcJhonf? 1972 ckEpu ppfbufrt+idr;f pm;,lI t&yf0wfajymif;0wfc=hJ uonfh awmfvea&;aumifpD Sf S Sf 0ifrsm;jzpfonfh OD;ae0if; (,cifAvcsKyf}uD;ae0if;) onf &efuewi;f / r&rf;uke;f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS kd f k f kd vnf;aumif;/ OD;pde0if; (,cifAvr; csKyfpe0if;) onf weoFm&Dwi;f / xm;0,frqENe,f trSwf (1) rS f kd f d f kd J vnf;aumif;/ OD;aomif;=unf (,cifAvr; }uD;aomif;=unf) onf ppfui;f wdi;f / a&$brqENe,f trSwf kd f kd k kd J (1) rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;ausmp;kd (,cifAvr; }uD;ausmp;kd ) onf yJc;l wdi;f / ewWvif;rJqENe,f trSwf (2) f kd f f k rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;oef;pdef (,cifAdkvfr;}uD;oef;pdef) onf rauG;wdkif;/ yckuULrJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS vnf;aumif;/ a'guwmvS[ef (,cifAvr; }uD;vS[ef) onf {&m0wDwi;f / zsmyHrqENe,f trSwf (1) f kd f kd kJ rSvnf;aumif;/ a'gufwmarmifvGif (,cifAdkvfr;}uD;armifvGif) onf rE Wav;wdkif;/ ausmufqnf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;armifarmifc (,cifAvr; }uD; armifarmifc) onf &efuewi;f / kd f k f kd vdirqENe,f trSwf (2) rSvnf;aumif; a&G;cs,wifajrmufcc=hJ u&onf? _f J f H jynfaxmifpq&,vpforRwjrefrmEdiiawmfacwf? k kd S f kfH 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf jynfol@ v$wfawmf yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;udk &efukefrd/ tvHkvrf;/ tpdk;&a*[m0if;twGif;&Sd A[dktpnf; ta0;cef;rY pwifusif;ycJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (450) pHknD wufa&mufcJh=uonf? tpnf;ta0;pwifusi;f yonfh yxrae@wif awmfvea&;aumifpOuU OD;ae0if;u ,ae@ ,cktcserS G Sf D df pI EdiiawmftcsKyftjcmtm%mudk rlvydi&itppfjzpfol wdi;f &if;om;jynforsm;tm;ud,pm;yonfh kfH kfSf k l k f Tjynfo@l vwawmfukd awmfvea&;aumifprS jyefvnftyfEi;f a=umif; awmfvea&;aumifp.ud,pm; $ f Sf D S Sf D k f a=ujimtyfygonf[k a=unmcJonf? qufvufwnf&&ef rvdtyfawmhojzifh awmfvea&;aumifpD h dS k Sf tm; zsuor;f a=umif;udvnf; a=unmcJonf? f d k h tajccHOya'ESifhtnD 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmf yxrtpnf; ta0;udusi;f y+yD; Ediiawmftm%mudk jynfo@l vwawmfo@kd v$ajymif;ay;tyfcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? k kfH $ f J jynfol@v$wfawmfonf EdkifiHom;rsm;.udk,fpm; EdkifiHawmf.tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk cH,l usifhoHk;aom EdkifiHawmf. tjrifhqHk;tm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;jzpfonf? jynfol@v$wfawmf. yHkrSwfoufwrf;onf jynfol@v$wfawmf yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0; usi;f yonfae@rpI (4) ESpjf zpfonf? h S EdiiawmfOya'ytm%monf jynfo@l vwawmfwiomwnf&onf? Ediiawmf. pDrcef@cr_ kfH $ f Gf dS kfH H JG tm%mESifh w&m;pD&ifr_tm%mwdk@udkrl jynfol@v$wfawmfonf A[dkESifha'oqdkif&m tm%mydkiftzGJ@ tpnf;rsm;tm; zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'ESitnD cGa0tyfEi;f Edionf[k 1974 ckEp/f jynfaxmifpq&,f k hf J S kf S k kd S vpforRwjrefrmEdiiawmf zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'wGif jyXmef;yg&onf? kfH k dS xd@k aemuf jynfo@l vwawmfu tzG@J 0if (28) OD;yg0ifaom jynfaxmifpq&,vpforRw jrefrm $ f k kd S f EdkifiHawmf. EdkifiHawmfaumifpDudk a&G;cs,fzGJ@pnf;cJhonf? EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0ifrsm;u wzef EdkifiHawmf aumifpD. OuUtjzpf OD;ae0if;tm;vnf;aumif;/ twGif;a&;r;tjzpf AdkvfcsKyf}uD; pef;,ktm;vnf; aumif; a&G;cs,wifajrmuf=uonf? Tod@k jzifh jynfaxmifpq&,vpforRwjrefrmEdiiawmf zG@J pnf;yHk f k kd S f kfH
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tajccHOya' yk'fr (66) t& OD;ae0if;onf jynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf. yxrorRw jzpfvmcJhonf? vlxkqENrygbJ ppfwyfrSodrf;,lxm;cJhonfhtm%mudk &,lxm;cJhonfh awmfvSefa&; aumifpDOuU OD;ae0if;xHrS jynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf.orRw OD;ae0if;xHodk@ vlxkxHrS w&m;0iftm%mtyfESif;onfhtoGif a&muf&SdoGm;cJhonf? 1988 ckEp/f Zlviv (23) &ufae@wif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwta&;ay: ygwnvmcHukd S kd f G kd S f D D D usKuqui;f / q&mpHcef;rY pwifusi;f ycJonf? xdnvmcHwif ygwOuU}u;D OD;ae0if;u rwfvESiZev d U H G h k D G D hf G f ta&;tcif;jzpfc&r_wif oG,0uaomenf;jzifh wm0efruif;[k ,lqaoma=umifvnf;aumif;/ touf hJ G f kd f h t&G,axmufvmjcif;a=umifvnf;aumif; ygwOuUwm0efEihf ygw0iftjzpfrS Ekwxucihf y&ef arwWm f h D S D f G fG &yfcHcJhonf? if;ESifhwygwnf; EkwfxGufcGifhyEdkif&eftwGuf vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;pef;,k/ OD;at;udk/ OD;pdefvGif/ ol&OD;xGef;wifESifh ol&OD;ausmfxifwdk@uvnf; EkwfxGufv$m wifxm;a=umif; ajym=um;cJhonf? wcsewnf;rSmyif nDvmcHo@kd wygwpepfEiygwppepf ESpcteuf rnfonfpepfua&G;cs,f d f D S hf D kH fk h kd a=umif;/ wjynfv;kH a&G;aumufyusi;f y+y;D tqH;k tjzwfc,&ef/ ygwppepfuaxmufcv#if xGuvorsm; JG H l D kH kd H f kd l .qENudk vdkufavsmcGifhy+yD;/ usefygwD0ifrsm;u EdkifiHawmf.wm0efrsm;udk qufvufxrf;aqmif&ef/ rnfonfhpepfudk vlxkuaxmufcHapumrl ygwDOuUtaejzifh EdkifiHa&;udkausmcdkif;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ aemifwiqyrj_ zpfygu wyfrawmfukd xda&mufpmtoH;k csa&;wd@k ukd rde@f =um;oGm;cJonf? Gf l l G h nDvmcHu jynfvHk;u|wfqENcH,lyGJusif;ya&;tm; y,fcsvdkuf+yD; ygwDOuUESifh 'kwd,OuU wdk@udk ygwD0iftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhrybJ tem;,lcGifhay;cJhonf? EkwfxGufcGifhwifjyxm;aom tjcm; acgi;f aqmifrsm;udvnf; EkwxucirycJay? k f G f G hf h Zlviv (26) &ufae@wiusi;f yaom A[daumfrwD '\rt}urtpnf;ta0;wGif OD;pdevif kd f Gf k df f G tm; ygwDOuUtjzpfwifajrmufcJhonf? xdk@jyif EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfOD;armifarmifcESifh jynfol@Oya' tusKd;aqmiftzGJ@OuU OD;jrifharmifwdk@tm; rwfvtwGif;jzpfyGm;cJhaomta&;tcif;wGif jzpfay: vm aomudprsm;twGuf wm0efruif;a=umif;awG@&&ojzifh &mxl;rSEwy,fconf? P dS k f hJ Zlviv (27) &ufae@wif pwkwt}urjf ynfo@l vwawmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk qufvuf kd f G d $ f usi;f y&m ,if;tpnf;ta0;u OD;pdevitm; EdiiawmfaumifpOuUESihf EdiiawmforRwtjzpf a&G;cs,f f Gf kfH D kfH wifajrmufconf? xd@k jyif EdiiawmfaumifptwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf ol&OD;ausmxif/ Ediiawmf0ef}uD;csKyf hJ kfH D f kfH tjzpf ol&OD;xGef;wifESifh jynfol@Oya'tusKd;aqmiftzGJ@OuUtjzpf a'gufwmarmifarmifwdk@udk a&G;cs,f wifajrmufcJh=uonf? 1988 ckEp/f =o*kwv (8) &ufae@wif jrefrmjynfw0ef; &Spav;vH;k jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; S f G f D kd awmfy}kH uD;jzpfym;cJonf? &Spav;vH;k 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif &[ef;&Siv/l ausmif;om; jynfol G h f kd f w&yfvHk;u 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk toufaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGm pGef@v$wfay;vum &J0ifhpGm awmif;qdk wduy0ifc=hJ uonf? ,ae@xufwif rwGe@f rqkwf 'Drua&pDa&;/ vl@tcGita&;rsm;twGuf k f JG kd kd hf wduy0if&if;/ qif;&Jyifyef;}uD;pGmjzif/h toufuyifpe@f vwonftxd wduy0ifvsu&ae=uonf? k f JG kd G $ f k f JG f dS jzpfyGm;cJhaom ta&;tcif;twGif; xdef;odrf;cJh&r_wdk@udkwm0ef,laomtm;jzifh 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwv (12) &ufae@wif OD;pdevionf jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD OuUtjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ EdiiH f G f Gf kd S f S kf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f awmforRwESifh EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuUtjzpfrSvnf;aumif; E_wfxGufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19) &ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ ygwDA[dkaumfrwD (11) }urajrmuftpnf;ta0;udk &efuef rd / jynfo@l vwawmftpnf;ta0;cef;rY usi;f yyvkyconf? xdk df k $ f f hJ tpnf;ta0;rS a'guwmarmifarmiftm; jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwOuUtjzpf a&G;cs,wifajrmufchJ f kd S f D f onf? xd@k aemuf qufvufusi;f yaom pwkwt}urf jynfo@l vwawmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;rS a'guf d $ f wmarmifarmiftm; EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuUESifh EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpf wifajrmufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ ta&;ay: ygwD nDvmcHukd &efuef rd/ jynfo@l vwawmftpnf;ta0;cef;rY usi;f yyvkyconf? xdnvmcHu ygwpkH k $ f f hJ k D D pepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f y&ef qH;k jzwfcsucsrwconf? JG f S f hJ 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@wif Ediiawmfw0ef;Y tbufbufr,,i;f aeaom S G kfH S kd G tajctaeudk tcserxe;f odr;f Edi&eftwGu[qum umuG,a&;OD;pD;csKyf AdvcsKyf}u;D apmarmif OuU dfD d kf f k kd f k f tjzpfaqmif&uaom Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS a=unmcsutrSwf (188) jzifh G f kfH df f Ediiawmftm%mt&yf&yfukd wyfrawmfu vH;k 0wm0ef,vua=umif; a=unmcJonf? jrefrmhEiia&; kfH l kd f h kd f H ordi;f wGif ppfwyfrtm%modr;f r_ oH;k }udr&conf? 1958 ckEpwif w}udr/f 1962 ckEpwif w}udrEihf k S f dS hJ S f G S f G f S ,ck 1988 ckESpfwGif w}udrfjzpfonf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (e0w) acwf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (21) &ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya'udk jyXmef;ay;cJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (27) &ufae@wif Oya'trSwf (488) jzifh Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'udk jyXmef; G kfH D f kH cJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (28) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifOuUrS EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif; enf;Oya'rsm; trSwf (1) jyXmef;csuukd a=unmcJonf? 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@wif f h S G e-0-w OuUu Oya'trSwf (688) jzifh toif;tzGJ@rsm;zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&mOya'udk jyXmef;a=umif; a=unmcJonf? h 1988 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (6) &ufae@wif Ediia&;ygwtoD;oD;. wd;k wufrtajctaersm;t& S G kfH D _ EdkifiHa&;ygwD wckESifhwck yl;aygif;r[mrdwfyjcif;/ ygwDwck. ygwDcGJw&yftjzpf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; ponftcsutvufrsm;udk a&G;aumufyEiqiaom a&Svkyief;pOfrsm;Y wGucsuppOfaqmif&uEif h f JG S hf kd f f f fD G f kd a&;twGuf aumfr&Sio@kd 1988 ckEp/f 'DZifbmvrukerD ta=umif;=um;&ef aumfr&SirS Ediia&;ygwrsm; f S f f kfH D tm; arwWm&yfcHcJhonf? 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;udk usi;f ycJh hS G D kH D kd onf? owfrwxm;onfh rJqENe,f (492) e,f&onfteuf (485) e,fwif a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yEdiconfh S f dS h G k f hJ twGuf wjynfv;kH &Sd rJqENe,fajrrsm;. (98 58) &mcdiEe;f wGif a&G;aumufyrsm; usi;f yEdicjhJ cif;jzpfonf? kf_ JG kf rJay;ydici&oO;D a& oef; (20) ausm&onfteuf (15) oef;ausmvm a&mufray;cJojzifh qENray;r_ k f G hf dS l f dS h f J h J &mcdkifE_ef;tm;jzifh (72) &mcdkifE_ef;ausmf&SdcJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usif;y+yD;or#aom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrsm;wGif rJay;r_&mcdiEe;f trsm;qH;k a&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf? a&G;aumufywif 0if JG kf_ JG G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&muf,Of yiconfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;aygi;f (93) zG@J &c+hJ y;D / ygwu,pm;y v$wawmfu,pm; S d f hJ kfH D dS D kd f f kd f vS,avmif; (2209) OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (87) OD; &Sconf? jrefrmhordi;f wGif f ~ f kd f f d hJ k ygwDta&twGuf trsm;qHk;a&G;aumufyGJ0ifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? 1990 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJwGif rJjym;/ rJyHk; toHk;yonfhpepftpm; rJqENyHkpHpm&Gufpepfodk@ ajymif;vJusio;kH cJojzifh rJc;kd r_/ rJvrrrsm; yaysmufom;cJa=umif;awG@&&onf? jrefrmhEiia&;ordi;f wGif hf h df_ G h dS kd f H k wygwpepfrS ygwppepfo@kd u;l ajymif;onfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf? D D kH 1947 ckESpf/ yxrqHk;t}udrfusif;ycJhaomygwDpHka&G;aumufyGJwGif jynfolvlxku AdkvfcsKyf atmifqef; OD;aqmifaom z-q-y-v udk wcJeufray;I a&G;aumufc=hJ uonf? 'kw,t}udrusi;f y J d f cJaom 1960 jynfEp/f a&G;aumufywif OD;EkO;D aqmifaom y-x-p tm; wcJeufray;I a&G;aumuf h h S JG G J wifajrmufc=hJ u+y;D / ppfwyfausmaxmufaemufcH y wnfjrJ z-q-y-vtm; jynfou qef@usia=umif; l f azmfjycJh=uonf? wwd,t}udrfusif;ycJhaom 1990 jynfhESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif jynfolu a':atmif qef;pk=unfOD;aqmifaom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; wcJeufrJay;I a&G;aumufcJh+yD; jrefrmh qd&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD (r-q-v) wjzpfvJ ppfwyfausmaxmufaemufcH y wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wf kS f k G a&;ygwD (w-p-n) tm; qef@usifa=umif; azmfjycJh=uonf? 1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D onf jrefrmhordi;f wGiusi;f ycJonfh hS D Hk D dk k f h ygwppepfa&G;aumufyrsm;wGif aoG;xGuo,rEihf t=urf;zufrtuif;&Si;f qH;k ESihf tr#wqH;k a&G;aumufyJG D kH JG f H kd _ S _ tjzpf rSwwrf;wif&rnfomjzpfayonf? f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmf dfH ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D Hk D dk jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmfwif &[ef;&Sivl ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;ESihf jynfotrsm;. dfH G f l 'Drdkua&pDawmif;qkdr_qENjyr_t&Sdeft[kefonf 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvESifhpufwifbmvwkd@wGif tjrifh rm;qk;H ok@d a&muf&conf? xkpOfujzpfay:cJaom tajctaet&yf&yfa=umifh 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv dS hJ d h S (11) &ufae@wGifusif;ycJhaom jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf pwkwt}udrf jynfol@ v$wawmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;u wygwpepfEiygwppepfteuf rnfonfpepfudk vkvm;ESpouf f D S hf D Hk h d f a=umif; jynfo@l qENc,yJG usi;f yjcif;ryawmhbJ ygwppepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG udk (3) vtwGi;f H l D Hk usi;f yay;&efq;Hk jzwfconf? xkq;Hk jzwfcsuEitnD ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; hJ d f S hf D Hk D dk aumfr&Siw&yf zG@J pnf;ay;a&;twGuf Ekiiawmfaumifpu jynfo@l vwawmfo@kd tqkd ywifjycJonf? f dfH D $ f h Ekiiawmfaumifp. tqkd ywifjycsut& jynfo@l vwawmfu 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv dfH D f $ f S (11) &ufae@wGif atmufygqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udk csrSwfcJhonf? (u) ygwppepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yay;&ef/ D Hk JG (c) ygwDpkHpepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfaeaom tajccHOya'yg oufqkdif&mjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh tjcm;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;u y,fzsuf Ekdifa&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfu EkdifiHawmfaumifpDokd@v$Jtyf&ef?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (*) tajccHOya' yk'r (43)/ yk'rcGJ (u) t& pwkwt}urf jynfo@l vwawmf. ykreoufwrf; f f d $ f HSf onf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f y+y;D I jynfo@l vwawmftopf pwifpnf;a0;onfae@ JG $ f h txdomjzpfa=umif; av#mhayghowfrSwf&ef/ (C) pwkwt}udrf jynfo@l vwawmf yOPrtpnf;ta0;u zG@J pnf;ay;xm;aom a&G;cs,wif $ f f ajrmufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siudk zsuor;f ay;&ef/ f f d (i) w&m;r#waomtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG atmifjrifpmusi;f yEkia&;twGuf a&G;aumufyJG G df aumfr&SifwGif atmufazmfjyygyk*~dKvfrsm;ukd a&G;cs,fwm0efay;tyf&ef (1) OD;baX; t+idrf;pm; bmawmfrif;}uD;? (2) OD;ausmf!Gef@ t+idrf;pm; uae'gEkdifiHqkdif&mjrefrmoHtrwf}uD;? (3) OD;pef;armif t+ir;f pm; ac|wmpkaqmif;a&;ESitmrcHpmcsKyfrsm;rif;}u;D ? d hf (4) OD;apm=um'dk; t+idrf;pm; Adkvfr;csKyf? (5) q&mcs,f ,cif ygvreftrwfEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,? D S $ f kd f f (p) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifwGif tzGJ@0ifOD;a&wkd;jcif;/ vpfvyfonfhae&mwGif tpm;xkd;jcif; udprsm; aqmif&uyiciudk jynfo@l vwawmfu Ekiiawmfaumifpo@kd vtyf&ef? P G f dk f G hf $ f dfH D J$ (q) ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukd rSwfykHwifjcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJpnf;rsOf;/ pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh vkyfief; wm0efrsm;a&;qGJjyXmef;ay;jcif;wkd@ukd aumfr&SifESifh ndEd_if;aqmif&Gufay;a&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu Ekiiawmfaumifpo@kd vtyf&ef? $ f dfH D J$ (Z) taxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd jynfo@l vwawmftwGuomusi;f y&ef? JG $ f f (ps) taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfhae@onf ,ae@rSpIokH;vjynfhaomae@[k owfrSwf ay;&ef? od@k aomf ay:ayguvmrnfygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;u a&G;aumufyaumfr&Sio@kd t=uH f h D JG f ycsut& ,ae@rpI wvcGjJ ynfaomae@xuf rapmbJjzpfap/ oH;k vausmveonfh tcg f S h f Gf jzpfap jyifqifowfrwusi;f yEkionfvyyiciukd jynfo@l vwawmfu EkiiawmfaumifpD S f d f h k f dk f G hf $ f dfH okd@ v$Jtyf&ef? ,if;od@k jynfo@l vwawmfu aumfr&Siuz@JG pnf;ay;+y;D onfaemuf 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv $ f f kd h S (12) &ufae@ eHeuf (9) em&DtcsdefwGif EkdifiHawmforRw a'gufwmarmifrmif/ EkdifiHawmf 'kwd,orRw OD;at;uk/d EkiiawmfaumifptwGi;f a&;r; ol&OD;ausmxif/ Ekiiawmf0ef}uD;csKyf ol&OD;xGe;f wifw@dk Eihf dfH D f dfH S a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sifvl}uD;rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;baX;/ OD;apm=um'kd;/ OD;pef;armif/ q&mcs,f/ OD;ausmf !Gef@wkd@ awG@qkHaqG;aEG;=uonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;odk@ EkdifiHawmfaumifpDkH; !ef=um;a&;r;csKyf OD; ausmf0if; (,ckEkdifiHawmfw&m;kH;csKyfw&m;ol}uD;) ESifh aumfr&SifkH;csKyf!ef=um;a&;r; OD;at;armif (,ck!e=f um;a&;r;csKyf) wk@d vnf; wufa&muf=uonf? xktpnf;ta0;Y EkiiawmforRwtr;yonfh d dfH Ekiiawmfaumifp0ifrsm;u tvGwvyfq;Hk ESitr#wqk;H ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;ukd dfH D f hf D Hk D dk tjrefqkH;atmifjrifpGm usif;yEkdifa&;ESifhywfoufI aumfr&Sifu vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaqmif&GufEkdif&ef Ekiiawmfaumifpu taxmuftuly&rnfup&yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;=u+yD;/ aumfr&SitzG@J 0ifv}l uD;rsm; dfH D h d P f onf OD;baX;tm; aumfr&SiOuUtjzpf a&G;cs,wm0efay;cJ=h uonf? xk@d aemuf aumfr&SitwGi;f a&;r; f f f tjzpf OD;at;armiftm; wm0efay;tyfcJh=uonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuf trSwf (1) (1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; (2) &uf) (1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (12) &uf) 1? Taumfr&SitzG@J 0ifrsm;onf touft&G,t& tbufbufrS tem;,lae=uaomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpf f f =uI rnfonfygwEiia&;udr# qufvufvyui&ef &nf&,csu&=dS uolrsm; r[kw=f uyg? rdrw@kd . h D kd f H k k f kd f G f f d ud,a&;ud,wmtwGuvnf; wpHw&mar#mre;f xm;jcif;&Sorsm; r[kw=f uyg? od@k &mwGif ,ae@jzpf k f k f f k fS d l ay:aeaom wdi;f jynf.tajctaet& Ediiawmfaumifpu Taumfr&SitzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; taxG k kfH D f axGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;udk vGwvyfpm =um;0ifaqmif&uay;&ef arwWm&yfccsut&vnf;aumif;/ f G G f H f (11/ 9/ 88) &ufae@u jynfo@l v$wawmftpnf;ta0;wGif EdiiawmforRw. rde@f =um;csutwdi;f f kfH f k ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Si.vkyief;rsm;udk Ediiawmfaumifpu D kH D kd f f kfH D wpHw&mpGuzufrryHomru aumfr&Si.vdtyfaomtultnDrsm;uday;rnf[k tmrcHcsuay; k f _ k f k k f +yD;v#if a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk tvGwfvyfqHk;/ tr#wqHk;/ tjrefqHk;yvkyfay;yg&ef arwWm&yfcHcJh&m taxGaxGa&G;aumufyuprsm;wGif aumfr&Sionf vGwvyfpmaqmif&uEici&onf[k ,H=k unf JG d P f f G G f kd f G hf dS jcif;a=umifvnf;aumif;/ aumfr&SitzG@J 0ifrsm;onf apwemtjynft0jzifh wwfpr;f or# aqmif h f h G &Gufay;&ef Taumfr&SifwGif yg0ifcJh=ujcif;jzpfygonf? 2? od@k ygI ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D rsm;ukd r=umrDusi;f y&eftwGuf ygwp'rua&pD D Hk D dk D kH D kd udawmif;qdae=uaom &[ef;/ &Siv/l ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;rsm;/ jynforsm;tygt0if wm0ef k k f l &Saomacgi;f aqmifrsm;onf Taumfr&SiEihf yl;aygi;f ulnaqmif&u=f u+y;D vdtyfaomt=u^m%f d fS D G k H rsm;ay;=uyg&ef av;pm;pGmzdwfac:tyfygonf? (yH) k baX; OuU
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifudk rlvpwifzGJ@pnf;pOfu OuU OD;baX; (t+idrf;pm; bmawmfrif;}uD;) twGif;a&;r; OD;at;armif (!$ef=um;a&;r;csKyf) tzGJ@0ifrsm;tjzpf (1) OD;ausmf!Gef@ (t+idrf;pm; uae'gEdkifiHqdkif&m jrefrmoHtrwf}uD;) (2) OD;pef;armif (t+idrf;pm; ac|wmpkaqmif;a&;ESifh tmrcHpmcsKyfrsm;rif;}uD;) (3) OD;apm=um'dk; (t+idrf;pm; Adkvfr;csKyf) (4) q&mcs,f (,cif ygvreftrwfEihf ,cif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,) wd@k (6) OD;jzifh D S $ f kd f f vkyfief;wm0efrsm; aqmif&Gufae&mrS 1996 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (24) &ufae@wGif tzGJ@0if q&mcs,f uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJhojzifh OuU/ twGif;a&;r;/ tzGJ@0if(3)OD;/ aygif; (5) OD;jzifh vkyfief;rsm; quf vufaqmif&GufcJh&m 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (12) &ufae@wGif tzGJ@0if OD;apm=um'dk; uG,fvGeftedpP a&mufcJhjyefojzifh EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@zd;a&;aumifpDrS 1999 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (2) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@a=umfjimpmtrSwf (4799) jzifh aumfr&SiftwGif;a&;r; OD;at;armiftm; aumfr&Sif twGif;a&;r;wm0eftjyif aumfr&SiftzGJ@0iftjzpf wm0efay;cef@tyfcJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)&ufae@wGif aumfr&Sif OuU OD;baX; uG,fvGeftedpP a&mufchJ jyefonf? od@k jzpfI aumfr&Sionf rdrtm;ay;tyfxm;aom wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvuf f d aqmif&GufEdkifa&;ESifh tzGJ@tpnf;wck.t*F g&yfESifhjynfhpHkap&ef aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;teufrS touf t&G,t}u;D qH;k jzpfol OD;pef;armiftm; aumfr&Si. ,m,DOuUtjzpfowfrwwm0efay;cJ+h y;D aumfr&Sif f f S f .vkyief;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&uconf? f G f hJ 2003 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wif aumfr&SiOuU OD;pef;armif uG,vetedpa&mufcjhJ yef S G f f Gf P onf? wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmif (,ckuG,fvGef) onf pwkwt}udrf jynfo@l vwawmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;uqk;H jzwfvuaom ygwpyg0ifonfh a&G;cs,wifajrmufyJG $ f dk f D Hk f rsm;usi;f y&mwGif wyfr; }u;D rsm;ESiwuG tqiftm;vk;H od@k atmufygtwki;f vkuemaqmif&u&ef 1988 hf h d d f G f ckEp/f pufwifbmv (12) &ufae@wif jrefrmhyjf rifo=H um;ESihf jrefrmhtoHw@dk rS rde@f =um;cJonf? S G k h (1) vGwfvGwfvyfvyfESifh w&m;r#wr_t&SdqkH;jzpfatmif t*wdav;yg;rvkdufpm;bJ wyfr awmfom;wOD;csi;f taejzifh rdrqENtwki;f vGwvyfpmqENray;Eki&efppOfay;+y;D wduspm d d f G J df D G vkuem=u&ef jzpfa=umif;? d f (2) &mxl;tqifhtvkduf t&Sdeft0g/ =oZmtm%mukdtokH;y+yD; rdrdvufatmufcHwyfzGJ@ 0ifrsm;od@k vnf;aumif;/ rdra&muf&&ma'o&Sjd ynforsm;ok@d vnf;aumif;/ rdrw@dk vvm; d dS l d dk onftzG@J tpnf;wckcwif yg0ifaomud,pm;vS,udk rJxnfyg[k trde@f ay;jcif;/!$e=f um; h k G k f f h jcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ t=uyfudkifjcif;/ ajcmufvSef@jcif;/pnf;kH;jcif; vkH;0ryvkyf&efjzpf a=umif;? (3) a&G;aumufwifajrmufytwGuf owfrwjf yXmef;xm;onfh Oya'/ enf;Oya'/ pnf;rsO;f JG S pnf;urf;rsm;udk wdusav;pm;pGmvkuem apmifxe;f =u&rnfjzpfa=umif;? d f h d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (4) Ttcsufrsm;ukd t&m&Sdrsm;tqifhomod&SdaekHomru atmufajctqifhESihf rdom;pk rsm;twGi;f txdo&em;vnf&eftwGuf aqmif&u=f u&rnfjzpfa=umif;? d dS G (5) rdrw@kd onf wyfrawmfom;rsm;jzpfonfEitnD e,fbufOya'omru wyfrawmfqif d S hf dk &m Oya'rsm;ukvuemusio;Hk &olrsm;jzpfa=umif; tjrJowdcsy+f yD;/ r=umrDusi;f yrnfh d dk f hf a&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJudk wyfrawmfom;wOD;csif;. *k%foduQm/ wyfrawmfw&yfvkH;. *k%foduQmudk xdcdkufaprnfh tajymtqkd/ trltusifhrsm; ryvkyfrd&eftwGuftxl; owdyvkdufem=u&ef !ef=um;vkdufa=umif;? wki;f jynf.tajctaeonf wjznf;jznf;,d,i;f vm+y;D vrf;yef;qufo,rrsm; jywfawmuf d k G G f_ jcif;/ e,frSqefESifhpm;aomufukefrsm; &efukefokd@a&muf&Sdjcif;r&Sdaoma=umifh &efuefrd@aejynfolrsm; twGuf pm;eyf&umrsm; tcuftcJuawG@&jcif;/ 0efxrf;tcsKd uvnf; qENjyyGrsm;wGif yg0ifqENjyaeo d Q H J jzifh k;H vkyief;rsm; &yfqi;f v#u&jdS cif;/ rormoltcsKd uvnf; Ekiiawmfyif puftvkyrsm;/ k;H Xmersm; f kd f dfH dk Hk f Hk ESiwuUovrsm;rS EkiiawmfyiypPn;f rsm;udk vk,ufjcif;/ zsuq;D jcif;ESihf Oya'vufvwf vlytv,f hf kd f dfH dk f f G Hk wGif rif;rJpdujf zifh acgi;f jzwfowfjzwfjcif; ponftajctaersm; wpwpwd;k yGm;qk;d 0g;vmcJonf? h k h h xkdtajctaeqkd;rsm;udkukpm;Ekdifrnfh wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;onf vGwfvyfIw&m;r#w aom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk tjrefqkH;atmifjrifpGm usif;yay;&efomjzpfa=umif; aumfr&Siu pGjJ rpm,k=H unfconftavsmuf ,if;od@k ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd usi;f y f JG hJ h D Hk D dk JG &mwGif 0efxrf;rsm;onf rnfonfygwtzG@J tpnf;0ifr# r[kwygrS Ekiiawmfwm0efrsm;ukvnf;aumif;/ h D f dfH d a&G;aumufyvyief;rsm;ukvnf;aumif; bufrvkubacsmarG@pm aqmif&uEirnfjzpfa=umif;/ vuf&dS JG k f d d f J G G f dk f jrefrmqk&,vpfvrf;pOfygw0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESi0efxrf;rsm;onf Ekiiawmfwif dS f D hf dfH G ygwp'rua&pDpepfuusio;Hk aomtcg jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwtygt0if aemifz@JG pnf;vwW@H aom D Hk D dk dk hf dk S f D ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;wGif tzG@J 0ifrsm;tjzpfyg0ifcifh yygu XmetwGi;f pdw0rf;uGrrsm;jzpfay:Eki+f yD; EkiiH D G f J _ d df awmf.,E &m;vnfywfruyif xdcuEirnf[xifjrifa=umif;/ od@k ygI ,cktcserpwif+y;D wyfrawmf W _ kd kd f dk f k dfS om;rsm;ESi0efxrf;rsm;onf rnfonfEiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;0ifr# rjzpfapa&;twGuf aqmif&uoifyg hf h dk f H D G f h a=umif; aumfr&Sifu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (15) &ufae@wGif EkdifiHawmfaumifpDokd@ arwWm&yfcHcJh onf? aumfr&Sif.arwWm&yfcHcsuft& EkdifiHawmfaumifpDu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16) &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (1488) udk atmufygtwkdif; xkwfjyefcJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf EkdifiHawmfaumifpD a=unmcsuf (1488) &efukefr/ 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 6 &uf (1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 16 &uf) jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESihfywfoufonfh a=unmcsuf? 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siv}l uD;rsm;tm; jynfo@l vwawmfu D Hk D dk JG f $ f tyfEi;f +y;D jzpfonfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrsm;ukd tvGwvyfq;Hk / tr#wqk;H ESihf tjrefq;Hk usi;f yEkif S JG f d &ef jyifqifaqmif&u=f u&mwGif aumfr&Sitm; Ekiiawmfaumifpu tpGr;f uketaxmuftuly G f dfH D f rnfjzpfyga=umif;ESihf ppfrSefonfh'Drkdua&pDudkvufcHaom ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk r#r#wwrSwf ykHwifay;&efESifh ,if;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf w&m;r#wpGmwef;wl ,SOfydifEkdif=ua&;twGufvnf; vktyfaompnf;rsO;f vkyx;Hk vkyenf;rsm;udk owfrw=f uyg&ef aumfr&Sitm; Ekiiawmfaumifpu d f f S f dfH D arwWm&yfcc+hJ yD;jzpfygonf? H 2? aumfr&Sifonf atmufygpnf;rsOf;w&yfukdt=uHycJhygonf? ,if;t=uHycsufESifhtnD EkdifiHawmf aumifponf atmufyga=unmcsuuxwjf yefvuonf D f kd k dk f jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;onf EkdifiHawmftay:opPmxm;I jynfol@0efudkom xrf;aqmif&rnf jzpfojzifh ygwppepfwiusio;Hk cJonftpOftvmESitnD jynfo@l wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &wyfz@JG D Hk G f hf h h hf J paom umuG,a&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l 0efxrf;tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;/ Ekiiyip;D yGm;a&;/ bkw/f f d f H dk f aumfykda&;&Sif; tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS0efxrf;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHawmfbmrS vpmcHpm;=uaom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;onf ,ae@rpI jrefrmhq&,vpf vrf;pOfygwtygt0if rnfonfEiia&; S dk S f D h dk f H ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;0ifr# rjzpfap&? (ykH) armifarmif OuU EkdifiHawmfaumifpD ygw0if jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;ESiywfoufaom D hf ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD. qH;jzwfcsuf D k f k 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 6 &uf (1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 16 &uf) EdkifiHawmfaumifpDonf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16) &ufpGJyg jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh a=unmcsutrSwf (1488) ESitnD jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;onf Ediiawmftay: opPm f hf kfH xm;I jynfo@l 0efuom xrf;aqmif&rnfjzpfojzifh ygwppepfwif usio;kH cJonfh tpOftvmESitnD kd D kH G hf h hf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfo@l wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &wyfz@JG paom umuG,a&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l 0efxrf;tzG@J tpnf; toD; J f oD;/ EdkifiHydkif pD;yGm;a&;/ bkwf/ aumfydka&;&Sif; tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHawmf bmrS vpmcHpm;=uaom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rpI jrefrmhq&,vpf vrf;pOfygw/D ygw0if tjzpfrS S kd S f D E_wxucihf yvduonf? f G fG k f (yHk) at;udk taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD kd S f Ekiiawmfaumifpu txufyga=unmcsuuxwjf yefvuonftwGuf jrefrmhq&,vpf dfH D f kd k dk f h dk S f vrf;pOfygwwif ygw0ifjzpf=uaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ jynfo@l &wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;tygt0if 0efxrf;rsm; D G D J tm;vk;H onf xkae@rpI jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygw0iftjzpfrS &yfpom;cJonf? d S dk S f D J G h odk@aomf xdktcsdeftcguqENjyawmif;qkdr_t&Sdeft[kefonf &yfwef@jcif;r&Sdao;bJ tcsKd k;H wufvonf0efxrf;rsm;onf +cdr;f ajcmufrtrsK;d rsK;d ESihf uHawG@c&onf? xko@kd Ekiiawmf. tbuf dk h _ hJ d dfH bufrS ,dk,Gif;aeaomtajctaeESifh vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_jywfawmufaeonfhtajctaewdk@a=umifh aumfr&Sifonf rdrd.t"duwm0efjzpfonfh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;ukd pwifEkdif&ef tcuftcJESifhuHawG@cJh&onf? EkdifiHw0ef;vkH;wGifjzpfay:aeaomtxufyg tajctaeqkd; rsm;ukd tcserxe;f odr;f Ekia&;twGuf 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@Y wyfrawmfonf EkiiH dfD d df S df awmf.tm%mt&yf&yfudk vk;H 0wm0ef,conf? l hJ wyfrawmfuwm0ef,+l yD;onfEiwydieuf Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J udk S hf f dfH f zG@J pnf;+y;D v#if ,if;tzG@J u 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (18) &ufpyg atmufyga=unmcsutrSwf (188) S JG f udk xkwf jyefa=unmcJonf h EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ a=unmcsutrSwf 188 f 1350 jynhfESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; (8)&uf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18) &uf 1? EkdifiHawmfw0ef;vkH;wGif tbufbufrS,dk,Gif;aeaomtajctaeudk tcsdefrDxdef;odrf;Ekdif&ef t wGuf jynfojl ynfom;tm;vk;H tusK;d iSm wyfrawmfonf atmufyg vufiif;vkyief;wm0efrsm;udk f xrf;aqmif&ef ,ae@rpI Ekiiawmf.tm%mt&yf&yfuv;Hk 0wm0ef,vuonf S dfH kd l dk f (u) w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;/ (c) vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_ vkHcHacsmarG@apa&;/ (*) jynforsm;.pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef TtzG@J rS tpGr;f ukef ud;yrf;aqmif&uay;&ef l G f ESihf yk*vu/ or0g,rwk@d aqmif&uEiatmifvnf; wwfEior# ulnaqmif&uay;Ekia&;? ~ d G f dk f dk f D G f df
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (C) txufygvkyfief;&yfrsm;jynfhpkH+yD;v#if ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;? 2? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf vkyfief;taumift xnfazmfEi&ef vuf&ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siudk qufvufxm; dk f dS D Hk D dk GJ f &Srnf? d 3? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yonftcsewitqifoifjh zpfaeap&eftwGuf ppfreaom'Drua&pD JG h df Gf Sf dk udvufcH usio;Hk rnfygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ,cktcgrpI jyifqifz@JG pnf;Eki=f uonf? k hf h D S d 4? txufygvyief;rsm;atmifjrifap&eftwGuf vuf&vy&m;ae=uaomtzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ yk*Kd~ vfrsm; kf dS _ f S ESihf &[ef;&Sivjl ynfow&yfv;Hk u 0ki;f 0ef;uln&efwuwe;f ygonf? f l d D kd f G (yHk) apmarmif AdvcsKyf}uD; k f OuU Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J dfH f xkd@aemuf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@ rGef;vGJ (1) em&DtcsdefwGif umuG,fa&; 0ef}u;D Xme/ '*k&yomYusi;f yrnfh tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufyg&ef Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmuf Hdf dfH df a&;tzG@J u aumfr&Sitm;zdw=f um;cJonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;od@k Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmuf f h dfH f a&;tzG@J OuU AdvcsKyf}u;D apmarmif (,cku,ve) tr;yonfh tzG@J 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom 'kw, AdvcsKyf k f G f Gf d k f }uD;oef;a&$/ AdkvfcsKyfarmif armifcif (a&)/ AkdvfcsKyfwifxGef; (av)/ AkdvfcsKyfpdefatmif/ AdkvfcsKyfcspfaqG/ twGi;f a&;r; (1) Advr; csKyfcif!e@f / twGi;f a&;r; (2) Advr; }uD;wifO;D (,cku,ve) wk@d Eihf aumfr&Sif k f G k f G f Gf S OuU OD;baX;tr;yonfh aumfr&SitzG@J 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;apm=um'd;k / OD;pef;armif/ OD;ausm!e@f Eihf f f G S aumfr&SiftwGif;a&;r; OD;at;armifwkd@wufa&mufcJhonf? tzGJ@0if q&mcs,fonf tpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&muf&ef vrf;ydwfaeonfhtwGuf cGifhyefcJhonf? tpnf;ta0;wGif EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@OuUu rdrdwdk@wyfrawmfESifh0efxrf;rsm;onf rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;. tzGJ@0ifrsm; r[kwfawmha=umif;/ rdrdwkd@onf =um;aetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzpf+yD; jynfolrsm;ukd tvkyf tau|;y&rnfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzpfa=umif;/ ,ck jynfolrsm;vkdvm;awmifhwaeonfh ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD ukd tjrefqkH;taumiftxnfazmfay;Ekdifa&;twGuf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;ukd tvGwvyfq;Hk / tr#wqk;H ESihf tjrefq;Hk yvkyay;&ef aumfr&SitzG@J 0if vl}u;D rsm;udk arwWm&yfca=umif;/ f f f H aumfr&Si. vkyief;rsm;ESipyfvsO;f +y;D aumfr&SitzG@J 0if vl}u;D rsm;u rnfo. rsuEmudr# raxmufxm;bJ f f hf f l fS k ormorwfusus "rR"mefusus w&m;tr#wqk;H aqmif&uay;apvkyga=umif;/ aumfr&Si.vkyief; d G f d f f rsm;ES i f h p yf v sOf ; I rd r d w d k @ onf tzG J @ tpnf ; taejzif h a omf v nf ; aumif ; / wOD ; csif ; taejzif h aomfvnf;aumif; ud;udir/_ vrf;!$er_ vk;H 0yvkyrnfr[kwa=umif;/ a&G;aumufyJG Oya'/ enf;Oya' kf f f f rsm; a&;qGJ&mwGifvnf; aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifvl}uD;rsm;u awG@qkHaqG;aEG;vkdaom tzGJ@tpnf;udkjzpfap/ yk*~dKvfwOD;csif;udkjzpfap awG@qkHaqG;aEG; t=uH^m%frsm;&,l+yD; vGwfvGwfvyfvyfa&;qGJ Edkifa=umif;/ aumfr&Sifua&;qGJ axmufcHay;ydk@onfhOya'rsm;udk tjrefqkH;jymef;ay;rnfjzpfyga=umif;/ ygwDpkH
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifrnfh vkdtyfonfhtultnDrsm;udk vnf; tjynfht0 ay;oGm;rnfjzpfyga=umif; aqG;aEG;ajym=um;oGm;cJhonf? aumfr&SifOuUESifhtzGJ@0ifrsm;onf rdrdwkd@qENjzpfaom vGwfvyfI w&m;r#wonfh a&G; aumufyudk usi;f yEkirnf[,=Hk unfaoma=umifh Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuU. JG df k dfH f arwWm&yfccsuudk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmvufcc=hJ uonf? xk@d aemuf Ekiiawmf.tajctaeonfvnf; H f H dfH wnf+irw;dk wufvmonfEitr# rdrw@kd .OD;wnfcsujf zpfaom ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG df S hf d D Hk D dk usif;ya&;qkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonfh aumfr&SifOya'/ EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'/ jynfol@ v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wkd@ukd EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ujymef;I EkdifiHa&; ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;enf;Oya'ESihf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyenf;Oya'wk@d udk aumfr&Siujymef; D f Hk $ f JG f +yD;/ vkyief;rsm;ukd pwiftaumiftxnfazmfEiconf? f dk f hJ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' jymef;jcif;? EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18) &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (188) jzifh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk }uD;r;usif;yay;&ef Ta&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siudk qufvufwm0efay;tyfc&m aumfr&Sionf rdr.vkyief;rsm; f hJ f d f uktaumiftxnfazmfEia&;twGuf Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1988 ckEp/f puf d dk f dfH f S wifbmv (21) &ufae@wGif ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' (EkdifiH awmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf - 188) ukd jymef;ay;cJhonf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;ya&;twGuf D Hk D dk f vkyfief;tpDtpOfESihf tcsdefZ,m;a&;qGJxkwfjyefjcif;? aumfr&Sionf rdrtm;ay;tyfxm;onfwm0efjzpfaom vGwvyfIw&m;r#wonfh ygwpHk f d h f D 'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&eftvkd@iSm EkdifiHawmf.vkHcHa&;/ w&m; Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;/ vrf;yef;qufo,a&;ponfh tajctaet&yf&yftay:tajccHvsuf vkyief;tpDtpOf G f f (26) ckESifh tcsdefZ,m;wkd@ukd 1989 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (16) &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (194) jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? jynfo@l v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' (rl=urf;) ESihf pyfvsO;I f JG f jynfolrsm;ESifh EkdfifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xHrS t=uHycsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;awmif;cHjcif;? vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;y Ekdifa&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'w&yfukd jymef;ay;&efvkdtyfcJhonf? jynfol@ v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'udk jymef;rnfqygu Ekiiawmf.zG@J pnf;yktajccHOya'tay: rD;S I a&;qGJ f JG dk dfH H avh&=dS uonf? vuf&ajymif;vJvmaomtajctaeESihf tcsetcgw@kd a=umifh 1947 ckEp/f zG@J pnf; tkycsKyf dS df S f yktajccHOya'ESihf 1974 ckEp/f zG@J pnf;yktajccHOya'wk@d yg a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh jymef; H S H f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f csursm;twdi;f twdtus vkuemusio;Hk &efrjzpfEiawmhonftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG f k d f hf dk f h $ f Oya' (rl=urf;) udk atmufygrlrsm;tay: tajccHIa&;qGJcJhonf (1) vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd pnf;urf;/ enf; f D Hk D dk JG vrf;wus usi;f yEkia&;? df (2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH.EkdifiHom;rsm;twGuf 'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; tjynfht0 &Sdapa&;? (3) aemifwacwfwif Ekiiacgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=urnfh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; 'Drua&pD G dfH dk tavhtusifhrsm; ypkydsK;axmifay;a&;? txufygrlrsm;ukdtajccHI aumfr&Sifonf 1948 ckESpfwGifjymef;chJaom ygvDreftaxGaxG a&G;aumufytufOya'ESienf;Oya'rsm;/ 1976 ckEpwijf ymef;cJaom jynfo@l vwawmfEihf jynfo@l JG hf S f G h $ f S aumifptqifqifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;qki&mOya'ESienf;Oya'rsm;/ ygwp'rua&pD usio;Hk vsuf D h f df hf D Hk D dk hf &SdaomEkdifiHtcsKdrS a&G;aumufyGJOya'ESifhenf;Oya'rsm;ukdavhvm+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya' (rl=urf;) udk jrefrmEkdifiHESifh vkdufavsmnDaxG&Sdap&ef ndEd_if;aygif;pyfa&;qGJcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' jymef;jcif;? jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'onf jynforsm;ESioufqiaom Oya'w&yfjzpfonf? $ f JG l hf dk f ,ck tcg zG@J pnf;yktajccHOya'r&Sojzifh jynforsm;. oabmxm;udk &,la&;qGoifa=umif; aumfr&Siu H d l J h f oabm&&Sconf? xk@d a=umifh aumfr&Sionf 1989 ckEp/f rwfv (1) &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (242) d hJ f S JG f jzifh jynforsm;ESihf Ekiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;. t=uHycsursm;ESihf xifjrifcsursm;ukd ay;yd@k &ef&ygu l dfH D f f dS aumfr&Sio@dk 1989 ckEp/f rwfv (31) &ufae@ukd aemufq;Hk xm;Iay;yd@k yg&ef jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumuf f S $ f yGOya' (rl=urf;) ukd &Si;f vif;csursm;ESiwuGxwjf yefI zdwac:cJonf? J f hf k f h aumfr&Sifonf jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;. t=uHycsufrsm;ukd tao;pdwfavhvm+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'onf usif;y&ef&Sdonfh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJ twGuf w}udrfomtokH;y&ef&nf&G,fIvnf;aumif;/ aemifwGifusif;yrnfh a&G;aumufyGJrsm;ESifh =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;twGufukdrl xkdtcsdefwGifrS pOf;pm;a&;qGJ=uap&ef&nf&G,fIvnf;aumif;/ jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'ukd yjyifa&;qG+J yD; Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J o@kd $ f JG dfH f wifjycJonf? h Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ,if;Oya'=urf;ukd 1989 ckEp/f arv (25) dfH f S &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifESifh ndEd_if;pdppf+yD;aemuf 1989 ckESp/f arv (31) &ufae@Y jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya' (EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf- 1489) ukd jymef; ay;cJhonf? ,if;Oya'wGif tcef;aygif; (15) cef;ESifh yk'fraygif; (82) ck yg0ifonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'rsm; jymef;jcif;? Oya'oabmt& jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif rlykdif;qkdif&mrsm;ukdom xnfh oGi;f jymef;xm;cJonf? ,if;Oya'yg jyXmef;rsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif aqmif&u&rnfh tao; h G f
35
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f pdwenf;pepfrsm;ukd enf;Oya'rsm;jzifvnf;aumif;/ vkyx;Hk vkyenf;rsm;jzifvnf;aumif; xkwjf yefrom f h f f h S v#if vkyief;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfay;&onfh tzG@J tpnf;qifqiftwGuf vG,ur_ &SEirnfjzpfonf? f h h f l d dk f xk@d a=umifh jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (81) yg tyfEi;f xm;aom vkyyicirsm;ukd usio;kH $ f JG f S f dk f G hf hf I aumfr&Sifonf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'rsm;udka&;qGJ+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G; aumufyJG enf;Oya'rsm; (ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif enf;Oya'rsm; D Hk D dk JG trSwf 189) ukd 1989 ckESpf/ ZGefv (30) &ufae@wGif jymef;ay;cJhonf? !$ef=um;csufrsm;/ &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;!$ef/ rJkHr;ESifhrJkHtzGJ@0ifrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;!$efxkwfjyefjcif;? jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'wGif rlyi;f qki&mrsm;jymef;xm;+yD; enf;Oya'rsm;wGif $ f JG dk d f aqmif &Guf&rnfhenf;pepftao;pdwfrsm;ukdjymef;xm;&m ,if;jymef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD vkdtyfaom !$e=f um;csursm;ukd &yfuuEiaus;&Gmtkypk aumfr&SitzG@J crsm;u rDjS irf;yavhvm&mwGif vG,ur&ap f G f S hf f f JG f l _ dS &eftvk@d im &yfuuEiaus;&Gmtkypaumfr&SitzG@J crsm;twGuf vkyief;vrf;!$eudk aumfr&Siu ypk S G f S hf f k f JG f f f xkwjf yefay;cJonf? h a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@Y rdrdwkd@.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;ukd wdwdususrSefrSefuefuef taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&uEia&;twGuf rJr; ESihf rJtzG@J 0ifrsm;. wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;ESihf aqmif G f dk f Hk Hk &Gu&rnfvyief; tqifqifw@kd azmfjyyg&onfh rJr; ESihf rJtzG@J 0ifrsm;twGuf vkyief;vrf;!$euvnf; f h kf h h dS Hk Hk f f dk aumfr&Siu ypkxwjf yefconf? f k hJ aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhzGJ@pnf;jcif;? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd vGwvyfIw&m;r#wpGmusi;f yEkia&;twGuf EkiiH D Hk D dk JG f df df awmf +idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u vktyfonfOya'rsm;udjk ymef;cJonf? aumfr&Siuvnf; f d h h f vkdtyfonfh enf;Oya'rsm;ukd jymef;cJhonfhtjyif vkyfief;vrf;!$efrsm;ESifh !$ef=um;csufrsm;ukdvnf; xkwfjyefcJhonf? ,if;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;t& a&G;aumufyGJqkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;ukd taumiftxnf azmf&ef jynfe,fEihf wki;f / rde,fp/k rde,faumfr&SitzG@J crsm;ukd atmufygtwki;f zG@J pnf;ay;cJonf? S d f JG d h (1) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xmer; OuU (2) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd w&m;a&;OD;pD;Xmer; tzGJ@0if (3) oufqdkif&mtqifh&Sd Oya't&m&Sd ? (4) oufqi&mtqif&dS use;f rma&; OD;pD;Xmer; kd f h ? (5) oufqi&mtqif&dS vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;ESifh jynfol@tiftm; OD;pD;Xmer; ? dk f h (6) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd ynma&;r; ? (7) a'ocHtrsm;jynfow@dk . ,k=H unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*Kd~ vf l ? (8) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf ? (9) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf ?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (10)OuUu wm0efay;tyfol (11) OuUu wm0efay;tyfol twGif;a&;r; wGJzuftwGif;a&;r;
&yfuGufESifh aus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;udk atmufygtzGJ@0ifrsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;cJhonf (1) a'ocHtrsm;jynfow@dk . ,k=H unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*Kd~ vf l OuU (2) a'ocHtrsm;jynfow@dk . ,k=H unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*Kd~ vf l tzGJ@0if (3) a'ocHtrsm;jynfow@dk . ,k=H unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*Kd~ vf l tzGJ@0if (4) tpk;d &ausmif;q&m od@k r[kwf ausmif;q&mrwOD; tzGJ@0if (5) oufqi&m&yfuuf (od@k r[kw) dk f G f aus;&Gmtkyfpk +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@kH;rS pma&; twGi;f a&;r; ,if;od@k z@JG pnf;cJonfaumfr&SitzG@J cta&twGursm;rSm atmufygtwdi;f jzpfonf h h f JG f k (1) jynfe,fEiwi;f aumfr&SitzG@J cJG S hf dk f 14 ck (2) rd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ 50 ck (3) rd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ 317 ck (4) &yfuGufESifh aus;&Gmtkyfpk 14992 ck rJjym;jzifqENay;onfpepfrS qENrvufrwjf zifqENray;onfpepf/ h h J S h J h qENra&wGuonfae&m/ qENra&wGuonfpepf/ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf J f h J f h f kd f f a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH&ol. trnfpm&if;a=unmjcif; pepfwkd@ukd yjyifajymif;vJjcif;? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkii. a&G;aumufyorki;f wavsmufwif usi;f ycJaom a&G;aumufyrsm;Y dfH JG d G h JG vGwvwvyfvyfqENray;ykici&&S+d y;D rdrw@dk ay;vkuonfaxmufcqENrukd oufqi&mud,pm;vS,f f G f J d f G hf d d f h H J dk f k f avmif;u rSeuefpm&&Som;onf[aom ,k=H unfrrsK;d ukd rJqEN&irsm;u &mckiEe;f jynf&&Sjd cif;r&Sconf f G d G l _ Sf df_ h d hJ udk avhvmod&Sd cJh&onf? xk@d a=umifh acwfrrDawmhaom qENrjJ ym;jzifqENay;&onfpepftpm; qENrvufrwjf zifh qENrJ h h J S ay;&onfpepfukd ajymif;vJoifa=umif; aumfr&Siuok;H oyfconf? aumfr&Sionf 1989 ckEp/f rwfv h h f hJ f S (1) &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (242) jzifh rJjym;jzifqENray;onfpepfEihf qENrvufrwf jzifqENray; JG f h J h S J S h J onfpepfEpcteuf rnfonfpepfukd uduEpoufa=umif; jynforsm;ESiEiia&;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm; h Sfk h fSf l hf dk f H xHrS t=uH^m%frsm;awmif;cHcJh&m jynfolrsm;ESifh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;trsm;tjym;u qENrJvuf rSwjf zifh qENray;onfpepfudk usio;Hk oifa=umif;t=uH ycJ=h uonf? aumfr&Sionf jynforsm;ESiEiia&; J h hf h f l hf dk f H ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;. t=u^m%frsm;uk&,lI qENrvufrwjf zifh qENray;onfpepfudk pwifusio;Hk &ef D H d J S J h hf qk;H jzwfc+hJ yD; jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'ESihf enf;Oya'rsm;wGif xnfoi;f jymef;cJonf? $ f JG h G h qENrJrsm;a&wGufonfhpepfukdvnf; ajymif;vJcJhonf? ,cifygwDpkHpepfukdusifhokH;pOfu ygvrefa&G;aumufywif cdi0efrsm;onf a&G;aumufywm0efct&m&Srsm;tjzpf aqmif&uc=hJ uonf? D JG G k f JG H d G f a&G;aumufyGJ usif;yonfhae@wGif rJqENe,ftwGif;&Sd rJkHrsm;ydwf+yD;aemuf rJkHtoD;oD;rS rJyHk;rsm;ukd csdyfydwfIoufqkdif&m a&G; aumufyGJwm0efcHt&m&SdxH,laqmifoGm;+yD;rS rJrsm;udka&wGuf&onf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f rJkHrsm;ydwf+yD;aemuf rJyHk;rsm;ukdcsdyfydwf +yD;onfhtcsdefrSpI rJyHk;rsm;zGifhazmufI qENrJa&wGufonfh tcsetxd &ufjcm;cJonf? ,if;ok@d aom =um;umvwGif tjcm;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;. df h f dk f f rJy;kH rsm;xJrrjJ ym;rsm;udk enf;trsK;d rsK;d jzifazmuf,+l y;D tEki&apvkaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; S h df d f dk f f . rJyHk;rsm;xJodk@ajymif;xnfhum rJckd;a=umif;oHo,yGm;r_rsm;&SdcJhonf? rJc;dk onf[aom oHo,yGm;r_ yaysmufapa&;twGuf qENrvufrwjf zifh qENray;onfpepfudk l J S J h ajymif;vJusifhokH;+yD; rJkHwGifyif ryHk;rsm;ukdtrsm;jynfola&SarSmufY zGifhazmufa&wGufonfhpepfukd usio;Hk cJonf? xko@kd qENrrsm;uda&wGu+f y;D aemuf xkrr&&SonfqENrta&twGuudk ykpH (15) jzifh hf h d J k d J Hk S d h J f H ypkI rJr; ESihf rJtzG@J 0ifrsm;/ rJu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf rJqEN&irsm;u vufrwa&;xk;d =uonf? ,if;ykpH Hk Hk Hk kd f f Sf S f H (15) rsm;udk rd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tvkdufpkpnf;+yD; v$wfawmfukd,fpm; vS,favmif;toD;oD;&&Sdonfh ckdifvkHaomqENrJta&twGufudk ykHpH (16) jzifh aygif;kH;pkpnf;+yD; rd@e,f aumfr&Sif tzG@J c0ifrsm;/ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;/ a&G;aumufyJG ud,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf rJqEN&if JG f dk f f k f f S rsm;u vufrwa&;xk;d =uonf? r@d e,faumfr&SitzG@J crsm;u ,if;od@k ypkxm;onfh ykpH (16) ESifh usi;f y+y;D fS f f JG H pD;cJaom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,a&G;aumufyJG tajctaeudazmfjyxm;onfh ykpH (17) wk@d udk h $ f dk f f k H aumfr&Sio@kd ay;yd@k =uonf? xkyprsm;&&Sd onftcgrS aumfr&Siu jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf f d Hk H h f $ f dk f f a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH&olukd a=unmcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrmufcH&oludk ,cifu a&G;aumufyGJwm0efcH t&m&Sdu a=unmcJhaomfvnf; ,ckaumfr&Sifu a=unmonfhpepfukd ajymif;vJusifhokH;cJhonf? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfyifonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ukjd ymef;+yD;onfaemuf aumfr&Sionf dfH D f Hk h f ,if;Oya'ESitnD a&G;aumufyY0ifa&muf,Of ydivaom Ekiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;ukd 1988 ckEp/f hf JG S f dk dfH D S pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@rpI rSwywifcihf ycJonf? aemufq;kH rSwywifcihf yonf&uftjzpf 1989 S f Hk G h f kH G h ckESpf/ azazmf 0g&Dv (28) &ufae@udk aumfr&SifrS owfrSwfa=unmcJhonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (187) 1350 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvqef; (12)&uf 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (18)&uf ta=umif;t&m ? ? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifcGifhy&ef av#mufxm;&rnfh aemufqHk;ae@&ufESifh tcsdefowfrSwfcsufudk a=unmjcif;? 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif yg0if,Of yivaom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf D kH D kd JG G S d f kd kfH D EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'ESifhtnD Taumfr&Sifodk@ 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@rpI rSwywifcihf y&ef av#mufxm;cJ=h u&m ,ae@txd Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;aygi;f (182) S f kH G kfH D
38
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f zGJ@udk rSwfyHkwifcGifh ycJh+yD;jzpfygonf? 2? Taumfr&Sionf e,fpyfa'orsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ qufo,rcufcaoma'orsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ f G f_ J EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; vma&mufrSwfyHkwifEdkifa&;twGuf tcsdefay;cJhygonf? 3? ,cktcg ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif yg0if,SOfydifvdkaom EdkifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@ tpnf;toD;oD;wd@k onfvnf; rSwywif+yD;jzpfrnf[k ,lqonftwGuf Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwykH f kH h kfH D f wifjcif; enf;Oya' (6) ESitnD rSwywif&ef aumfr&Sio@kd av#mufxm;&rnfh aemufq;kH ae@&uf hf f kH f ESifhtcsdefudk 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g &Dv (28) &ufae@ rGef;wnfh (12 ; 00) em&Dtxd owfrSwfyg a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; aemufq;Hk rSwywifcihf y&ufjzpfonfh 1989 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (28) &ufae@txd (5) vcef@ f Hk G S D twGif; rSwfykHwifcGifhycJhonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif;rSm (236) zGJ@ jzpfonf? xkd@aemuf rSwfykHwifxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf ygwDwGif;pnf;kH;a&;wkd@udk aqmif&GufcJh=u&mY ygwDtcsdK@onf ygwDwGif;tajctaet&vnf;aumif;/ tjcm;EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;rsm;ESiy;l aygi;f zG@J pnf;vkIvnf;aumif; rdrw@kd .Ekiia&;ygwD rSwywifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsucihf y hf d d dfH f Hk fG yg&ef aumfr&Sifokd@ av#mufxm;ojzifhaumfr&Sifu,if;wkd@.qENt& EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (102) zGJ@ukd y,fzsufay;cJh&onf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif ygwtzG@J tpnf;r&SaomEkiiom;rsm;tm; woD; D Hk D dk JG G D d dfH yk*vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,Of ydicihf ycJonf? ygwtzG@J tpnf;tvduyg0if,Of ydiygu ygwtzG@J tpnf;r ~ S fG h D k f S f D &Sdaom woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;xuf ydkrdkI v$wfawmfrJqENe,frsm;wGif yg0if ,SOfydifrSomv#if ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;.*k%foduQm&SdEkdfifrnfjzpfojzifh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;onfa&G; aumufyGJwGiftenf;qkH; v$wfawmfrJqENe,f (3) e,fpDY ,SOfydif=uyg&ef aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZif bmv (5) &ufae@&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (337) jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? txufyga=unmcsuEitnD 1989 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (13) &ufae@txd Ekiia&;ygwD tzG@J f S hf S dfH tpnf;aygi;f (117) zG@J w@dk u a&G;aumufyYtenf;qk;H rJqENe,f (3) e,fEitxuf 0ifa&muf,Of yirnf JG S fh S df jzpfa=umif; atmufygtwkdif;wifjycJhonf? (1) rJqENe,f (300) e,fEitxuf ,SOf ydirnf[k wifjyxm;onfh Ekiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; S hf f dfH D aygif; (6) zGJ@? (2) rJqENe,f (111) e,frS (200) e,ftwGif; ,SOfydifrnf[kwifjyxm;onfh EkdifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (4) zGJ@? (3) rJqENe,f (51) e,frS (100) e,ftwGif; ,SOfydifrnf[k wifjyxm;onfh EkdifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (4) zGJ@?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (4) rJqENe,f (11) e,frS (50) e,ftwGif; ,SOfydifrnf[kwifjyxm;onfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;aygif; (31) zGJ@? (5) rJqENe,f (3) e,frS (10) e,ftwGif; ,SOfydifrnf[kwifjyxm;onfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;aygif; (72) zGJ@? Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r (3) t& Ekiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;u a&G;aumufyJG dfH D f Hk f dfH D Y0if a&muf,SOfydifvkdojzifh rSwfykHwifay;&efav#mufxm;csuft& aumfr&SifupDppf+yD; ,if;Oya'yg jymef;csuEin!waom Ekiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk rSwywifay;cJonf? xk@d a=umifh aumfr&Siu f S hf D G f dfH D f Hk h f 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (337) jzifh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf a&G;aumufywif tenf;qk;H jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f (3) e,fY 0ifa&muf,Of ydi&ef owfrwwuf JG G $ f J S f S f dk wGef;cJhaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyGJwGif vkH;0,SOfydifjcif;ryEkdifaom EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (31) zG@J udk Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1990 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (23) &ufae@ &ufpyg dfH f hS D JG trdef@trSwf (190) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ygwtzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;onf a&G;aumufywif tenf;qH;k v$wawmfrqENe,f (3) e,fY D JG G f J 0ifa&muf,Of ydi=f u&ef aumfr&SirS 1989 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@ &ufae@pyg a=unmcsutrSwf S f S JG f (337) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? h od@k twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f (1) e,f/ od@k r[kwf (2) e,fwiom 0ifa&muf,Of yif $ f J Gf S d onfh atmufygEiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (6) cktm;/ e0wrS 1990 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (23) &ufae@ kd f H D h S D &ufae@pGJyg trdef@trSwf (290) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (1) vlrsKd;aygif;pHkcspf=unfa&;toif; (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)/ Society for International Friendship (Union of Burma) (2) ausmif;om;rsm;'Drua&pDta&;awmfyygw/D kd kH Students' Revolutionary Party for Democracy (S.R.P.D.) (3) vlrsK;d pk aygi;f pnf;zG@H zd;wd;k wufa&;ygw/D Federal Republic Development Party (4) trsKd;om;wdk;wufa&; qdk&S,fvpftzGJ@csKyf/ The National Progressive Socialist League (5) td_csif;trsKd;om; zGH@zd;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (t-r-z-c)/ Asho-Chin National Development League (A.N.D.L.) (6) trsK;d om; +idr;f csr;f om,ma&;ygwD (r-i-o-y)/ National Peace and Comfort Party ,if;trde@f wif oufqi&mjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. a&G;aumufcyicihf rqk;H _;H G dk f $ f dk f f H dk f G apaomiSm txufazmfjyyg zsuor;f vkuonfh ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;.trnfcvsuf oufqi&mrd e,fpk f d d f D H dk f aumfr&SitzG@J cY jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoi;f xm;olrsm; f JG $ f dk f f G tm; woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;tjzpf rSw,&rnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? ~ f kd f f f l xko@kd zsuor;f vkuonfygwrsm;uku,pm;yI v$wawmfrqENe,f (1) e,f od@k r[kwf (2) e,f d f d d f h D d dk f f J
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 0ifa&muf,SOfydif&ef trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;aom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; (8) OD;wkd@udk woD;yk*~vtjzpf a&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcGifhycJhonf? xk@d a=umifh v$wawmfrqENe,f (3) e,fEitxuf yg0if,Of yionfh Ekiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; f J S hf S df dfH D (93) zG@J om 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY 0ifa&muf,Of yic=hJ uonf// ygwD hS D Hk D dk JG S df toD;oD;. oabmxm;a=unmcsursm;t& 1947 ckEp/f tajccHOya'tm; jyifqifo;kH pGrnf[k azmfjycJh f S J aom ygwD (7) ygwD&Sdonf? 1974 ckESpf/ tajccHOya'udk jyifqifoHk;pGJrnf[k azmfjyonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwD r&Scyg? zG@J pnf;yHtajccH Oya'topfa&;qGrnf[azmfjyxm;aom Ediia&;ygwD (31) ygw&onf? tajccH d hJ k J k kfH D dS Oya'topfa&;qGrnf[k ,lqEdiaom ygwD (44) ygw&onf? oabmxm;vH;k 0azmfjyxm;jcif;r&Saom J kf D dS d Ediia&;ygwD (11) ygw&onf? ,if;ygwrsm;teuf wdi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;wGif jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om; kfH D dS D k D k dk vlrsK;d rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfEihf &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd u (8) jynfe,fxm;&Sz@JG pnf; dk S d dk d &ef/ r&mjynfo@l ygwD (r y y) u (10) jynfe,fxm;&Sd zG@J pnf;&ef[aom jynfe,fz@JG pnf;a&;oabmxm; l rsm; azmfjycJh=uonf? Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r (6) wGif a&G;aumufyusi;f yjcif;ryrD rSwywifcihf kfH D f kH f JG f kH G &&S+d yD;aom Ediia&;ygwwckonf yk'r(3)/ yk'rcGJ (u)/ (c)/ (*)/ (C) od@k r[kwf (i) wGif azmfjyxm;onfh kfH D f f tzG@J tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif;/ aumfr&SiuawG@&v#if rSwywifcihf yjcif;udk y,fzsu&rnf[k jyXmef;xm; f dS f kH G f onf? rSwywifcihf yxm;aom atmufygEiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf Ediiawmftm; vufeufpJG f kH G kd f H D kfH udiIawmfveyeuefaeaom Armjynfuejf rLepfygwD aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;. ajray:tzG@J tpnf; kf Sfkf G rsm;jzpfa=umif; awG@&&onftwGuf aumfr&Siu 1989 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@ &ufae@pyg dS h f S JG a=unmcsuftrSwf (314)/ (315)/ (316) wdk@udk xkwfjyefI y,fzsufcJhonf? (1) trsK;d om;Ediia&;wyfaygi;f pk (rew)/ rE av;rd? kfH W National Politics Front (NPF), Mandalay. (2) jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygw/D &efuerd? k People's Progressive Party, Rangoon. (3) t+rJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ rHk&Gmrd? Ever Green Young Men Association, Monywa. a&G;aumufyukd 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &uf ( 1352 ckEp/f e,kevqef; 4 &uf) we*FaEGae@Y JG hS S f wjynfv;Hk wGiwydieuf eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (4) em&DtwGi;f usi;f ycJonf// f f h oauFwrsm;owfrSwfjcif;? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya' 106 t& qENrJ vufrSwfay:wGifdkufESdyf&ef a&G; aumufyY0ifa&muf,Of yirnfh Ekiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;twGuf oauFwrsm;udk aumfr&Siu JG S df dfH D f oufqi&mygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf ndEi;f owfrway;cJonf? woD;yk*vrsm;twGuvnf; oauFw dk f D _d S f h ~ f (11) ckudk oD;jcm;owfrSwfay;cJhonf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;ukd ud,pm;yonfh v$wawmf D Hk D dk JG G D k f f uk,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;tok;H y&ef ndEi;f owfrwxm;onfoauFwrsm;ukd aumfr&Siu a=unmcsuf d f f _d S f h f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f trSwf (361)/ (365)/ (370) wkd@jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? rJkHta&twGufESifh rJkHtzGJ@0ifOD;a& owfrSwfjcif;? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHw0ef;vkH;wGif rJkH aygi;f (15154) kH owfrway;cJonf? &yfuuf (ok@d r[kw) aus;&Gmtkypwi;f wGif qENray;ydici&ol S f h G f f k dk J k f G hf dS (5000) txd&Sdv#if rJkHwkHxm;&Sd+yD; ,if;rJkHrsm;wGif rJkHtzGJ@0ifOD;a&ukd atmufygtwkdif; owfrSwf zGJ@pnf;ay;cJhonf? (u) rJqEN&Sif (1000)txd&SdaomrJkH (1) rJkHr; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 1 OD; (3) qENrvufrwxway;ol J S f k f 1 OD; (4) rJyHk;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 4 OD; (c) rJqEN&Sif (1001) rS (3000) txd&SdaomrJkH (1) rJkHr; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 2 OD; (3) qENrvufrwxway;ol J S f k f 2 OD; (4) rJykH;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 6 OD; (*) rJqEN&Sif (2001) rS (3000) txd&SdaomrJkH (1) rJkHr; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 3 OD; (3) qENrvufrwxway;ol J S f k f 3 OD; (4) rJykH;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 8 OD; (C) rJqEN&Sif (3001) rS (4000) txd&SdaomrJkH (1) rJkHr; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 4 OD; (3) qENrJvufrSwfxkwfay;ol 4 OD; (4) rJykH;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 10 OD; (i) rJqEN&Sif (4001) rS (5000) txd&SdaomrJkH (1) rJkHr; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 5 OD; (3) qENrvufrwxway;ol J S f k f 5 OD;
42
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (4) rJykH;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 12 OD; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;yrnfae@&ufEihf D Hk D dk f h S jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;trnfpm&if; f kd f f wifoGif;v$m wifoGif;jcif;/ pdppfjcif;/ kyfodrf;jcif;wkd@ESifh pyfvsOf;onfhae@&ufrsm; owfrwa=unmjcif;? S f aumfr&Sionf a&G;aumufyvyief;rsm;ESipyfvsO;f I xkwjf yefa=unmxm;onfh vkyief; tpD f JG k f hf f tpOfEihf tcseZ,m;rsm;twdi;f vkyief;rsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&uconf? ,if;ok@d owf S df k f G f hJ rSwxm;aom tcseZ,m;twdi;f jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (28)/ yk'rcGJ (*)ESihf jynfo@l f df k $ f JG f f v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya' yk'fr (18) t& atmufygae@&ufrsm;udk aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf Ekdif0ifbmv (10) &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (326) jzifh owfrSwfa=unmcJhonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D kH D kd usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (326) 1351 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef; (13)&uf 1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&uf ta=umif;t&m? ? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;yrnfae@&ufEihf jynfo@l v$wawmf D kH D kd JG f h S f ud,pm;vS,avmif;trnfpm&if;wifoi;f v$mudk wifoi;f jcif;/ pdppfjcif;/ kyor;f k f f G G f d jcif;wd@k ESipyfvsO;onfae@&ufrsm; owfrwa=unmjcif;? hf f h S f jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 28/ yk'rcGJ (*) ESihf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG $ f JG f f $ f enf;Oya' (18) t&/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf atmufygae@&uf D kH D kd JG f rsm;udk owfrwvua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? S f kd f
(u) (c) ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfh ae@&uf 1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; (4) &uf (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 27 &uf) jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftoD;oD;twGuf v$wfawmf 1351 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; (2) &ufrS udk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if; pwifwifoGif;Edkifonfh (8) &uftxd? (1989 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv S ae@&ufESifh aemufqHk;ae@&uf (28) &ufrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (3) &uftxd)
43

(*) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;wifoGif; v$mrsm;udk pdppfrnfhae@&uf 1351 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; (10) &ufae@ rS (14) &uftxd? (1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&D v 5 &ufrS 9 &uftxd)
(C) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if; wifoGif;v$m 1351 ckEp/f jymodvjynfausmf (2) &uf S k h ukd kyfodrf;vdku kyfodrf;Edkifonfh aemufqHk;ae@ (1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22) &uf Hk;csdeftwGif;)
trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef tajctaeray;ao;onfh e,fajrrsm;? aumfr&Sionf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmftwGi;f &Sd e,fajrtm;vk;H wGif vGwvyfI w&m; f fd f H f r#waoma&G;aumufyrsm;udusi;f yEkia&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f (492) e,fudk owfrwf JG k df $ f J S cJonf? xko@dk owfrwcaomfvnf; atmufazmfjyygrqENe,f (7) e,fwif usi;f y&ef&onfh a&G;aumufyJG h d S f hJ J G dS vkyfief;rsm;ukd jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD tcsdefrDaqmif&GufEkdif&ef tcuftcJ&a=umif;od&onftwGuf acwWqi;f iHvua=umif; a=unmcsutrSwf (384) ESihf (395) dS h dk h dk f f wk@d jzifh xkwjf yefcojzifh rJqENe,faygi;f (485) e,fwiom a&G;aumufyrsm;udk usi;f ycJonf? hJ Gf JG h (1) &Sr;f jynfe,f/ uke;f =urf;rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f/ $ f J (2) &Sr;f jynfe,f/ em;zefrde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f/ $ f J (3) &Sr;f jynfe,f/ yef0if rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f/ dk $ f J (4) &Srf;jynfe,f/ yef,ef;rde,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ (5) &Sr;f jynfe,f/ rdi;f armrde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f/ k $ f J (6) &Sr;f jynfe,f/ refzef@(oHvi)rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f/ Gf $ f J (7) ucsijf ynfe,f/ tif*se;f ,efrde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f? $ f J ,SOfydifonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;ta&twGuf? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;trnfpm&if;rsm;udk oufqi&mrd e,fpk aumfr&Sif tzG@J crsm; f kd f f kd f JG u a=unm+yD;aemuf atmufazmfjyygta=umif;rsm;a=umifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f avmif;trnf pm&if;rsm;rS (40) OD;udk acwWcsevyy,fzsuc&onftwGuf a&G;aumufyusi;f yonftcg 0ifa&muf f S f f hJ h JG h ,SOfydifaom udk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a&rSm (2296) OD;om usef&SdcJhonf? (1) qdkif;iHhrJqENe,frsm;rS acwWcsefvSyfcJh&onfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; 23 OD;? (2) axmif'%fuscH&ojzifh y,fzsufcJhonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; 8 OD;?
44
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (3) uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufoGm;ojzifh y,fzsufcJhonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; 8 OD;? (4) aomif;use;f olEiqufo,ojzifh y,fzsuconfh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; 1 OD;? S hf G f f hJ f kd f f pkpkaygif; 40 OD;? 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yr_tajctae
pOf jynfe,fwkdif;
rd@e,f
rlvowfrSwf a&G;aumufyGJ qkdif;ihHxm;onfh ,SOfyifta&G; xm;onfh usif;ycJhonfh rJqEN cHol rJqENe,f rJqENe,f ta&twGuf ta&twGuf ta&twGuf ta&twGuf
1? ucsifjynfe,f 18 2? u,m;jynfe,f 6 3? u&ifjynfe,f 7 4? csif;jynfe,f 9 5? ppfui;f wdi;f kd k 38 6? weoFm&Dwdkif; 10 7? yJc;l wdi;f k 28 8? rauG;wdkif; 25 9? rE av;wdi;f W k 29 10? rGefjynfe,f 10 11? &cdkifjynfe,f 17 12? &efukefwdkif; 42 13? &Srf;jynfe,f 52 14? {&m0wDwdkif; 26 pkpkaygif; 317
20 8 14 13 58 13 51 39 56 20 26 61 62 51 492
19 8 14 13 58 13 51 39 56 20 26 61 56 51 485
6 7
93 33 51 55 242 45 255 170 297 95 152 400 204 204 2296
45
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f qENrJrsm;a&wGufjcif;ESifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnfa=unmjcif;? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@wGif qENrJay;vkdaomrJqEN&Sifrsm;onf rJkHrsm;Y eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (4) em&DtcsdeftwGif; rdrdwdk@udufESpfouf&m v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;ukd v#Kd0SufpGm vGwfvGwfvyfvyf qENrJay;cJh=uonf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuU/ EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfESifh wyfrawmf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfr;}uD;apmarmifESifhrdom;pkonf '*Hkrde,f/ ZD0uvrf;/ aq;okawoe OD;pD;XmetaqmufttHwizivpxm;aom rJo@kd vma&mufray;=uonf? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_ k G f G hf S f kH J kfH f wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ 'kwd,OuU AdkvfcsKyf}uD;oef;a&$/ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh 0ef}uD;rsm;/ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ twGif;a&;r; (1) ESifh twGif; a&;r; (2) wd@k onfvnf; rdrw@kd oufqi&mrJrsm;od@k vma&mufray;=uonf? d kd f kH J 1990 jynfEpf arv (27) &ufae@wif a&G;aumufyusi;f yonfh jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f hS G JG $ f aygif; (485) e,fwkd@ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh qENrJay;r_tajctaersm;ESifh &mckdifE_ef;rsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif; xkwjf yef azmfjyay;cJonf? h (u) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yr_ tajctae (1) a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&efowfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,faygif; 492 e,f (2) a&G;aumufyusi;f ycJonfh rJqENe,faygi;f JG h 485 e,f (3) a&G;aumufyusi;f yEkionf&mckiEe;f JG df h df _ 98 58 (c) qENrJay;r_tajctae (1) qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolOD;a& 20818313 OD; (2) vma&mufqENray;olO;D a& J 15112524 OD; (3) qENrJay;r_&mcdkifE_ef; 72 59 (*) ckdifvkHaomqENrJ &&Sdr_tajctae (1) vma&mufqENray;olO;D a& J 15112524 OD; (2) &&Sdonfh ckdifvkHaomqENrJta&twGuf 13253606 rJ (3) ckivaomqENr&&Sr&mcdiEe;f d f Hk J d _ kf _ 87 7 (C) y,frJ/ aysufrJ/ xyfrJtajctae (1) vma&mufqENray;olO;D a& J 15112524 OD; (2) ckivaomqENr&&Sonfta&twGuf d f Hk J d h 13253606 rJ (3) y,frJ/ aysmufrJ/ xyfrJta&twGuf 1858918 rJ (4) &&SdonfhqENrJrsm;teuf y,frJ/ aysmufrJ/ xyfrJ&mckdifE_ef; 123 (i) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;,SOfyifr_tajctae (1) ,SOf ydionfvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a& f h $ f kd f f 2296 OD; (2) ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;uku,pm;yI,SOf ydionfh D d kd f f v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 2209 OD; (3) woD;yk*v v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a& ~ f kd f f 87 OD; (4) ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;udu,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yionfh D k kd f S df
46
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ud,pm;vS,avmif;&mckiEe;f k f f df_ 96 21 (5) woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;&mckiEe;f ~ f dk f f df_ 3 79 (p) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;.a&G;aumufc&r_tajctae f dk f f H (1) ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;uku,pm;yI ,SOf yionfh D d kd f df v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; OD;a& f kd f f 2209 OD; (2) a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&aom ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk H D ukd,fpm;yonfhv$wfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,f OD;a& 479 OD; (3) a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH&r_ &mckdifE_ef; 2168 (q) woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. a&G;aumufcH&r_tajctae (1) yg0if,Of ydionfh woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a& S f ~ f kd f f 87 OD; (2) a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH&onfh woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& 6 OD; (3) a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH&r_ &mcdkifE_ef; 69 (Z) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;. ckivaomqENr&pywykEihf txuf&&Srtajctae f dk f f d f Hk J S f Hk H S d _ (1) ,SOf ydionfvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a& f h $ f kd f f 2296 OD; (2) ckivaom qENr&pywykEitxuf&&Sonfh d f Hk J S f Hk H S hf d v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a& f kd f f 1049 OD; (3) &mckdifE_ef; 4569 (4) ckivaomqENrJ &Spywykatmuf&&Sonfh d f Hk f Hk H d v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a& f dk f f 1247 OD; (5) &mcdkifE_ef; 5431 ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY 0ifa&muf,Of yionfh Ekiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (93) D Hk D dk JG S df dfH D zG@J teuf v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f tenf;qk;H wOD;ESihf txuf a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&aom Ekiia&;ygwD f dk f H dfH tzG@J tpnf;(27)zG@J rS a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&onfvwawmfu,pm;vS,O;D a&rSm atmufygtwki;f H h $ f kd f f d jzpfonf? (1) trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 392 OD; (2) &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 23 OD; (3) &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 11 OD; (4) wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD 10 OD; (5) rGeftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@ 5 OD; (6) trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&; 'Dru&ufwpfygwD hf dk 4 OD; (7) csif;trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 3 OD; (8) ucsifjynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf (9) jynfaxmifpkytkd0f;trsKd;om;tzG@JcsKyf 3 OD; (10) trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygwD dk 3 OD; (11) ZdkdrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf 2 OD;
47
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (12) em*awmifwef;a'owkd;wufa&;ygwD (13) u,m;jynfe,fvrsK;d aygi;f pkH 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf l dk (14) watmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (15) u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ (16) 'Drkdua&pDygwD (17) 'Dru&ufwpf wuUovb@JG &ESiausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J kd dk f fh (18) rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ (19) u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (20) &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'ru&ufwpfygwD D dk (21) jynfaxmifpk "EktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (22) ureftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (23) r&mjynfol@ygwD (r y y) (24) jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDygwD (25) +rdK(ac: )crD trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ ( r-c-r-n-z) (26) vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGH@zd;wkd;wufa&;ygwD (27) jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k dk dk 2 OD; 2 OD; 2 OD; 2 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD;
txufwiazmfjycJonftwki;f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY 0ifa&muf ,SOf ydif Gf h h d D Hk D dk JG onfh Ekiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (93) zG@J rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrmufcH dfH D $ f kd f f &olaygi;f (479) OD;&Sc+hJ yD;/ woD;yk*v jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH d ~ $ f dk f f xm;&ol (6)OD;&Sojzifh 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif v$wawmfu,pm; d hS D Hk D dk JG G f kd f vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&olaygi;f rSm (485) OD; &Sconf? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cH&ol f H d hJ rsm;wGif wyfrawmft+idrf;pm; (42) OD;/ t+idrf;pm;0efxrf;a[mif; (145) OD;/ w&m;Hk;csKyfESifh txuf wef;a&Sae (54) OD;/ q&m0ef (50) OD;/ tjcm;t&yfom; (194) OD; yg0ifonf? if;wdk@rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf? 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; 1? umrdkif;rde,frJqENe,f 2? csDazGrde,frJqENe,f 3? ac:bl'J rde,frqENe,f J 4? aqmhavmfrde,frJqENe,f (1) ucsijf ynfe,f? - OD;wifjrif/h trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;*sDabmifrfvSef;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD uGef*&uf? - OD;rzef;qif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;rkwajrmfqef;acgi/f wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygw? f k G f D
48
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 5? qGry&mbGrf rde,frqENe,f f J - OD;aZmfte/f ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uf? d kd Gf 6? wEdkif;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? aemifrGef;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;trfqifqm;&f/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&; ygwD? 8? ylwmtdk rde,frqENe,f J - OD;a,mpD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? Aef;armfrde,frqENe,f J - OD;ykaxG; (Aef;armfndKEGJ@)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 10? jrpf}u;D em;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;jrarmif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? J kd f 11? jrpf}u;D em;rd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;OD;Aspw;l / ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uf? f kd Gf 12? rdk;aumif;rde,f rJqENe,f - OD;xGef;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? rdk;nif;rde,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;ausmfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? rd;k ni;f rde,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;=umjr/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? rd;k armufrde,f rJqENe,f - OD;aomif;aiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? rHpDrde,f rJqENe,f - OD;a*strfaemfvm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? rcsrf;abmrde,f rJqENe,f - OD;tifeef;*rf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? a&$ulrde,f rJqENe,f - a':pdefwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? 0dkif;armfrde,f rJqENe,f - 'l0g trfaZmfatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (2) u,m;jynfe,f? 1? 'Darmqd;k rd e,frqENe,f trSw(1) - OD;cifarmifcsKd / u,m;jynfe,fvrsK;d aygi;f pH'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf? J f l k D kd 2? 'Darmqd;k rd e,frqENe,f trSw(2) - OD;Apfwmav;/ u,m;jynfe,f vlrsK;d aygi;f pHk 'Drua&pD tzG@J csKy? J f kd f 3? zlqdkrde,frJqENe,f - OD;apmOD;&,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? zmaqmif;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;apmwml;wl;/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygw? k G f D 5? abmvcJrd e,frqENe,f J - OD;atmifoe;f / wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygw? d k G f D 6? &Sm;awmrde,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? vGdKifaumfrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;bdk;oif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? vdKG ifaumfrde,frqENe,ftrSw(2) - OD;wuf'b;l &D/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? J f D kd (3) u&ifjynfe,f? 1? aumhu&dwfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;ref;rdifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2/ aumhu&dwfrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - Edkifaomif;&Sdef/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? 3? =umtif;qdyf}uD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;vSarmif/ rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? 4? =umtif;qdyf}uD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;=uifodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? zmyGefrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? zmyGefrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;bat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? bm;tHrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;apmcspfoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? bm;tHrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;xGef;cspf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
49
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 9? bm;tHrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(3) 10? jr0wDrde,frqENe,f J 11? v_dif;bGJ@rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 12? vd_if;bGJ@rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 13? oHawmifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) J 14? oHawmifrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J 1? uefyufvufrd e,frqENe,f J 2? wD;wdefrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) 3? wD;wdef rde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J 4? wGe;f ZHrde,frqENe,f J 5? xefwvefrde,frqENe,f J 6? yvuf0rde,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J 7? yvuf0rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 8? zvrf;rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J 9? zvrf;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 10? rwlyDrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 11? rwlyDrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 12? rif;wyfrde,frqENe,f J 13? [m;cg;rd@e,frqENe,f J - eef;cifaxG;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdefAdkvf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmxGef;az/ u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm; tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmxGef;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;tm&fyDaomif;/ u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm;pnf;vHk; nD!$wfa&; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? - OD;apmApfwmcvdu/f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? k kd f (4) csi;jynfe,f? f - OD;vde;f [m/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygw? k G f D - OD;iifhxef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - ylusi&i;f xef/ Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&uf? hf S k f - wmefxefvse;f aygi/f Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&uf? k f - a'guwmr_xef/ woD;yk*v? f ~ - OD;ausmxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? f - OD;axG;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - pDauwduuv/f csi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? k f JG kd - a'gufwmZvS,fxef/ csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;dktkyf/ r&mjynfol@ygwD(r-y-y)? - OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;&Sdef;azvdef;/ csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;vsety/f woD;yk*v? f k ~
(5) ppfui;wdi;? kd f k f 1? ueDrde,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J - OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? ueDrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;oef@Zif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? uav;rde,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J - OD;'dkaxmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? uav;rde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - a'guwmode;f 0if;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd 5? uav;0rde,frJqENe,f - OD;wifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? uomrde,frJqENe,f - OD;jrifh=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? aumvif;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;odef;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? uef@bvlrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;odef;az/ woD;yk*~v? 9? uef@bvlrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - a'guwmjrifEi/f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f h kd kd
50
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 10? u|ef;vSrde,frJqENe,f 11? cifOD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 12? cifO;D rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) J 13? acsmif;OD;rd e,frqENe,f J 14? cE WD;rde,frJqENe,f 15? igef;ZGefrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 16? igef;ZGefrd,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 17? ppfudkif;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) 18? ppfui;f rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) kd J 19? qm;vif;}uD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 20? qm;vif;}uD;rJqENe,f trSwf (2) 21? wrl;rde,frqENe,f J 22? wef@qnfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) J 23? wef@qnfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 24? xD;csKdifhrde,frJqENe,f 25? 'Dy,if;rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J J 26? 'Dy,if;rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J J 27? eef;,Gef;rde,frJqENe,f 28? ykvJ rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J 29? ykvJrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 30? yifv,fbl;rde,frJqENe,f 31? azmif;jyifrde,frJqENe,f 32? Aef;armufrde,frJqENe,f 33? bkwvifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 34? bkwvifrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J 35? rHk&Gmrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 36? rHk&Gmrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 37? rif;uif;rde,frJqENe,f 38? jrif;rlrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;}uD;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifarmifodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;aomif;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;tH=h unf/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd - a':q,fq,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cspfcdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;csdKvd_if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - t+idr;f pm;Advr; }uD;oD[ol&pd;k odr;f / trsK;d om; k f 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) - a'guwmcifarmifaqG/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f kd tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdef&H/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;axmifcxef;/ jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; kd k kd 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - t+ir;f pm;'kw,Advr; }u;D ausmqef;/ trsK;d om; d d k f f 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;azoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ausmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;bdarmif;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? k kd - OD;0if;jrifatmif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? h kd - OD;ausmfarmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ygwD? - OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pde/f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? kd f - a'gufwmwifhaqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrat; (Aef;armfa&$ndK)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifaomif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;b+idrf;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;[Homjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifarmifat;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd - OD;=unfpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;bdk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;bmbm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
51
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 39? jrif;rlrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 40? ajrmifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 41? ajrmifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 42? armfvuf rde,frqENe,f kd J 43? ,if;rmyifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 44? ,if;rmyifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 45? a&OD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 46? a&OD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 47? a&$bkd rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J 48? a&$bdkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 49? v[,frde,frqENe,f J 50? av&S;D rde,frqENe,f J 51? 0ufvufrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 52? 0ufvufrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 53? 0ef;odk rd e,frqENe,f J 54? [krRvif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 55? [krRvif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 56? t&mawmfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 57? t&mawmfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 58? tif;awmfrde,frqENe,f J - OD;wifaiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;0if;&Sdef/ woD;yk*~v? - OD;rif;oGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;Adkvfaomif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifxGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef;atmifaX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;0if;udk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'guwmatmifb/kd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd - OD;oef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cyd;k udiv/kH em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&; kf ygwD? - OD;a'G;ayg/h em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygw? D - OD;xGef;rdif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a':cifpef;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'guwmatmifcif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd - OD;tkef;udif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;vSodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwmaZmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;Av/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmv_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(6) weoFm&Dwdkif;? 1? aumhaomif;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;vSrif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? u|e;f pkrde,frqENe,f J - OD;cifarmifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? weoFm&Drde,frqENe,f J - OD;0if;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? xm;0,frde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? xm;0,frde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;rsKd;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? ykavmrde,frJqENe,f - OD;=unfa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? bkwfjyif;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? +rdwfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;ausmf&Sdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? +rdwfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;^m%fat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? a&jzLrde,frJqENe,f - OD;wdk;ydk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? avmif;vHkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
52
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 12? avmif;vHkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 13? o&ufacsmif;rde,f - OD;csdef[if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(7) yJcl;wdkif;? 1? u0rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - a'gufwmrsKd;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? u0rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;jrav;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? ausmufwHcg;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;vSOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmufwHcg;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;armifarmif}uD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? udyifaumufrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;at;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? udyifaumufrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? ausmuf}uD;rde,frqENe,f J - OD;xGef;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? ZD;ukef;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;pHwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? anmifav;yifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;tkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? anmifav;yifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;xGef;uG,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? awmifilrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmifpdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? awmifilrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;!Gef@a0/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? xef;wyifrde,frJqENe,f - OD;cspfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? 'dkufOD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;&JxGf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? 'dkufOD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pdefxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? ewfwvif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;tkef;aiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? ewfwvif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;apmpdefxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? yJcl;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pdk;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? 19? yJcl;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;jrwfvS/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? jynfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - Advr; }uD;armifte;f (+idr;f )/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k k f k k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? 21? jynfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;aomif;pdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? yef;awmif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wiftkef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? yef;awmif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;odef;[ef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? aygufacgif;rde,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? 25? aygif;wnfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;tkef;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? aygif;wnfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;at;oef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? jzL;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? jzL;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pdk;armif/ trsKd;om;'Ddrdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? rif;vSrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wifhvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 30? rif;vSrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a':vSvSrdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
53
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 31? rdk;ndKrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 32? rdk;ndKrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 33? a&wm&Snfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 34? a&wm&Snfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 35? a&$usif rde,frqENe,f J 36? a&$awmifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 37? a&$awmifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 38? vufyHwef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 39? vufyHwef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 40? a0grde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 41? a0grd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J 42? oeyfyifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 43? oeyfyifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 44? oJukef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 45? oJukef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 46? om,m0wDrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 47? om,m0wDrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 48? tkwfzdkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 49? tkwfzdkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 50? tkwfwGif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 51? tkwfwGif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 1? uHrrde,frJqENe,f 2? acsmufrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 3? acsmufrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 4? *ef@a*grde,frJqENe,f 5? izJrde,frJqENe,f 6? pvif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 7? pvif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 8? apwkwW&mrde,frJqENe,f 9? qifaygif0Jrde,frJqENe,f 10? qdyfjzLrde,frJqENe,f - OD;vSatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;a&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwmausmfausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdk;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;oef;uG,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ydkufcH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;!Gef@at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pd;k ode;f (armif0o)/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? H kd f - OD;at;odef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'guwmaX;ode;f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd - OD;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;odef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - aZ,sausmfxif 'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;pH0if;(+idrf;)/ trsKd;om'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;armifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;omarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;odef;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? - OD;cifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(8) rauG;wdkif;? - OD;jrifhatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwm!Gef@pdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifxl;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;=unfvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;uHOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;tHh=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;[HaZmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdk;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
54
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 11? aqmrde,frJqENe,f 12? awmifwi;f }uD;rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) G J f 13? awmifwi;f }uD;rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) G J f 14? xD;vif;rde,frJqENe,f 15? ewfarmufrde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f 16? ewfarmufrde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f 17? yckuULrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 18? yckuLrde,frqENe,f trSw(2) U J f 19? yGifhjzLrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 20? yGifhjzLrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 21? aygufrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 22? aygufrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 23? rauG;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 24? rauG;rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f 25? rdopfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 26? rdopfrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) J 27? rif;wke;f rde,frqENe,f J 28? rif;bl;rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f 29? rif;bl;rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f 30? rif;vSrde,frqENe,f J 31? rdifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 32? rdif rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f 33? a&pudrde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f 34? a&pudrde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f 35? a&eHacsmif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 36? a&eHacsmif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 37? o&ufrde,frJqENe,f 38? atmifvHrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 39? atmifvHrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmfwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;odr;f =unf/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd - a'gufwmoef;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmfaZmvif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;AdkvfaxG;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifjrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'guwm=unfrif;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd - OD;v_iat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? df - OD;ausmf&Sif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwmatmifrdk;ndK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifEdkifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;omatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cspfaxG;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;vSpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cspfwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifqef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrifhatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;armfeD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - ocif cif!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifausmf[ef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;odef;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(9) rE Wav;wdkif;? 1? ausmufqnfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifausmfOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? ausmufqnfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
55
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 3? ausmufyef;awmif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)- OD;AdkvfZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmufyef;awmif;rd e,frqENe,f trSw(2) - OD;aiGxe;f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? J f G kd 5? pOfhulrde,frJqENe,f - OD;apmaX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? pOfuif rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) h kd J f - a'gufwmpdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? pOfuif rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) h kd J f - a'guwmvSp;kd !Ge@f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd 8? anmifO;D rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f - OD;csdK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? anmifOD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;azwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? wHwm;OD;rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f - OD;at&m/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? wHwm;OD;rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f - OD;oef;eD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? wyfue;f rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) k J f - OD;0rf;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? wyfue;f rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) k J f - OD;0if;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? awmifomrde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f - OD;cspci/f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,ve) f kd kd f Gf 15? awmifomrde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f - OD;oef;xGe;f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd 16? EGm;xd;k }uD;rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f - OD;yef;om/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? EGm;xd;k }uD;rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f - OD;pdef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? ykor}f uD;rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) d J f - OD;qef;!Gef@a0/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? ykodrf}uD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - 'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;pHvSabmf (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 20? ysO;f rem;rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f - OD;wifhvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? ysO;f rem;rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f - OD;ausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? aysmb,f rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) f G J f - OD;cifarmifnKd / trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? aysmfbG,frde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? jyifOD;vGifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSapmOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? jyifOD;vGifrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;yDwmvif;yif/ woD;yk*~v? 26? rvd_ifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apma&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? rv_if rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) d J f - OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? rd;k ukwf rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f - a':arESif;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? rd;k ukwf rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - OD;bdvwif/h trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKy? k S kd f 30? rwW&mrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J - a'guwmatmifa0/ trsK;d om;'Drkd f ua&pDtzG@J csKyf? 31? rwW&mrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - OD;oef;vGi/f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd 32? rdwDvmrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - Advr; armifarmifjrifh (t+idr;f pm;)/ trsK;d om; 'Drkd k f ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? rdwDvmrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - a'guwmode;f vGi/f trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf? f kd
56
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 34? rE Wav;taemufawmifrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - a'gufwmpdk;vif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 35? rE Wav;taemufawmifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;ode;f OD;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd 36? rE av;taemufajrmufrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) W J - OD;wifatmifatmif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD kd tzGJ@csKyf? 37? rE av;taemufajrmufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) W J - OD;atmifp;kd / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? kd f (uG,fvGef) 38? rE av;ta&Sawmifrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) W J - OD;wif!e@f (c) OD;xifausm/f trsK;d om;'Drkd G ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 39? rE Wav;ta&Sawmifrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;tkef;udif (atmif0ifh)/ trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 40? rE Wav;ta&Sajrmufrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;armifarmifat;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD kd tzGJ@csKyf? 41? rE av;ta&Sajrmufrde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) W J - OD;wifat; (t+idr;f pm;'kAvr; }uD;)/ kd f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,ve) kd f Gf 42? jrif;jcHrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;aygcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? jrif;jcHrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;armifarmif0if; (c) OD;0if;armif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 44? jrpfom;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - a':tkef;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 45? jrpfom;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmrsKd;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 46? &rnf;oif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 47? &rnf;oif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmifoef;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf? kd 48? v,fa0;rd e,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f - OD;wifxO;D / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? Gf kd f 49? v,fa0;rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - OD;nDnxe;f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKy? D G kd f 50? 0rf;wGi;f rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J - a'guwmaomif;wif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? f kd f 51? 0rf;wGi;f rde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - OD;vSatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 52? oydwusi;f rde,frqENe,f f J - OD;armf/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,ve) kd f G f 53? ompnfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;odrf;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 54? ompnfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;armifarmifav;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd 55? tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J - a'guwmaZmfjrifarmif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy?f f h kd 56? tr&yl&rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;bbGm;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (10) rGefjynfe,f? 1? usdKufxdkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;&JxGf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? usdKufxdkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmat;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
57
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 3? usdKufra&mrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;jrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? usdKufra&mrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edkifcifarmif/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@? 5? acsmif;qHkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmif=unf!e@f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? $ kd 6? acsmif;qHkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a':cifaX;uG,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? aygifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;^m%f0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? aygifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - Edkifaomif;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? bD;vif;rde,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J - OD;armifarmifvwf/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd 10? bD;vif;rde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - OD;armifarmif (opPm&Sif)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 11? rk'kH rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f - a':wifapmOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? rk'kH rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f - a'guwmrif;=unf0if;/ rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pD f f kd tzGJ@? 13? armfvrdifrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - Advr; }uD;vGe;f wif (t+idr;f pm;)/ trsK;d om;'Drkd k f ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? armfvrdifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;csrf;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? a&;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - a'guwmrif;pd;k vif;/ rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J ? f f kd 16? a&;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'guwm=uifoe;f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f d kd 17? oxHk rde,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J - cGejf rifxe;f (armifjrifxe;f )/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD h G h G kd tzGJ@csKyf? 18? oxHk rde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - OD;oef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? oHjzLZ&yfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) J - OD;armifarmif}u;D (t+ir;f pm;Advr; }u;D )/ trsK;d om; d k f 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? kd f 20? oHjzLZ&yfrde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - Edixe;f ode;f / rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J ? kf G f kd (11) &cdijf ynfe,f? k 1? ausmufawmfrde,f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) - a'gufwmxGef;at;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? ausmufawmfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pHomatmif/ rd(ac: ) crDtrsK;d om;nD!wa&; G f tzGJ@? 3? ausmufjzLrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;qef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmufjzLrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;wif}uD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? *Grde,frqENe,f J - OD;nDyk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? ppfawGrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;a&$,/ ureftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? ppfawGrde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f - OD;pHxGef; (c) vljzL/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? awmifuwf rde,frqENe,f k J - OD;ausmfcdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? aygufawmrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;boef;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
58
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 10? aygufawmrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 11? ykm;u|ef;rde,frJqENe,f 12? bl;oD;awmifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 13? bl;oD;awmifrd e,frJ qENe,ftrSw(2) f 14? rif;jym;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) 15? rif;jym;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) J 16? armif;awmrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) J 17? armif;awmrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) J 18? rmefatmifrde,frJqENe,f 19? ajryHk rde,frqENe,f J 20? ajrmufO;D rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f 21? ajrmufOD;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 22? &aohawmifrde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f 23? &aohawmifrde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f 24? &rf;+AJrde,frqENe,f J 25? oHwJG rde,frqENe,f J 26? trf;rde,frqENe,f J - OD;apmxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ausmfrif; (c) rmarmufa&Smif_tmaemf*lvm a[muf/ trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&;'Dru&ufwpfygw? hf kd D - OD;wifarmif (c) Ek&tmruf/ trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&; f hf 'Dru&ufwpfygw? kd D - OD;armifjrifh/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;0if;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;tDjAm[de;f (c) OD;cspvi/f trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&; f G hf 'Dru&ufwpfygw? kd D - OD;azmfaZmftmarmuf/ trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&; 'Drkd hf u&ufwpfygw? D - OD;odef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jzLpdefOD;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmjratmif/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifvSZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;armifui;f atmif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? G kd - OD;OD;omEdk@/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;&D/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ae0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(12) &efuewi;f ? k f kd 1? urm&Gwfrde,frJqENe,f - OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f)/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd 2? aumhr;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;baqG (ajrmif;jr-baqG)/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD kd tzGJ@csKyf? 3? ausmufwHwm;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;wifp;kd (py,fO;D )/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd 4? ausmufwef;rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) J f - a'guwmoef;+idr;f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd 5? ausmufwef;rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f - OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? =unfjh rifwif rde,frqENe,f kd J - OD;vSxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? uGr;f jcHue;f rde,frqENe,f k J - OD;,k*ef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? udkudk;u|ef;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;vSoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? c&rf;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfoGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? c&rf;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? prf;acsmif;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;cifarmifaqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? qdyfurf;rde,frJqENe,f - a':pef;pef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
59
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f - a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;vSodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;odef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;omqdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrv_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;vSxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a':pefar (a&$uarESi;f )/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD l kd tzGJ@csKyf? 20? awmifOuUvmyrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pd;k jrifh (c) ocifp;kd jrif/h trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? J kd f 21? awmifOuUvmyrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;cifarmifausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? xef;wyirde,frJqENe,f - OD;wifudkudk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? '*Hkrde,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifaZmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? '*Hkrdopfrde,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;tkef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? 'vrde,frJqENe,f - OD;pdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? a'gyHkrde,frJqENe,f - OD;jrarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? ykZGefawmifrde,frJqENe,f - OD;Edkif;Edkif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? yef;bJwef;rde,frqENe,f J - OD;armifarmifatmif/ 'Dru&ufwpfwuUovf kd kd bGJ@&ESifh ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? 29? A[ef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;xGef;v_dif/ 'Drdkua&pDygwD? 30? A[ef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;=unfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? Adkvfwaxmifrde,frJqENe,f - a'guwmarmifarmifausm/f trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f kd tzGJ@csKyf? 32? r&rf;ukef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmifa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? r&rf;uke;f rde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - a'guwmar0if;jrif/h trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd 34? r*Fvmawmif!e@f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) - a'gufwmatmifcifqifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD G J tzGJ@csKyf? 35? r*Fvmawmif!e@f rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmoef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD G J tzGJ@csKyf? 36? r*Fvm'Hkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;=unf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? r*Fvm'Hkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;wifxGef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? ajrmufOuUvmyrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)- a'guwmoef;0if;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd 39? ajrmufOuUvmyrde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;ausmf!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? J 40? arSmfbDrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pdk;wif (c) OD;pdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 41? arSmfbDrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;cifarmifxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 42? &efuif;rde,frJqENe,f - a':cifat;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? a&$jynfomrde,frJqENe,f - OD;pdefvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? qdyf}uD;caemifwdkrde,frJqENe,f 14? wmarGrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 15? wmarGrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 16? wGaw;rde,frqENe,f trSwf (1) H J 17? wGaw;rde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) H J 18? wdu}f uD;rde,frqENe,f trSwf (1) k J 19? wdu}f u;D rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) k J
60
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 44? vomrde,frJqENe,f 45? v_if rd e,frqENe,ftrSw(1) d J f 46? v_difrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 47? v_iom,mrd e,frqENe,f df J 48? vSnf;ul;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 49? vSnf;ul;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 50? vrf;rawmfrde,frJqENe,f 51? omauwrd e,frqENe,ftrSw(1) J f 52? omauwrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J 53? oCFef;u|ef;rde,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) 54? oCFef;u|ef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 55? oHk;cGrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) 56? oHk;cGrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 57? oHvsifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 58? oHvsifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 59? tvHkrde,frJqENe,f 60? tif;pdefrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 61? tif;pdefrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;=unfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;a&$ (t+ir;f pm;Advr; }u;D )/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD d k f kd tzG@J csKy? f - OD;apmjrodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pdtzGJ@csKyf? - Adv}f u;D oef;u,f (t+ir;f pm;)/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD k G d kd tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmausmfpdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pHwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;aeOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;armifarmifvwf (a'guwmvdie)/ f _fD trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKy? f -OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ode;!Ge@f (armifoe;!Ge@f -aumhu&dw)/ trsK; f d f f d om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrifoe;f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? h d kd f - OD;vGif (Adkvfr_;}uD;armifvGif-t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwm0if;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;oef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a':pef;pef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdefvSOD; (armifEG,fOD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf?
(13) &Srf;jynfe,f? - OD;jrifhoef;/ jynfaxmifpk"EktrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdkif;vdyf (c) pJvdyf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 3? aus;oD;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;wif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? uGwfcdkifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;cGefqdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? uGwcif rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;tdu&D (c) OD;vS[ef/ wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f kd J k f kd tzG@J csKy? f 6? ausmufrJrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)- OD;vSaz (c) pdkif;z/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyf? 7? ausmufrJ rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) - pdi;f aqmifqD (c) e,fvqif/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pD J k f k kd tzG@J csKy? f 1? uavmrde,frJqENe,f 2? uGef[def;rde,frJqENe,f
61
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 8? uGrf;vHkrde,frJqENe,f - OD;&efusif;armf/ &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? 9? usK;d if;wHk rde,frqENe,f trSw(1) - OD;pdkif;vHkausmuf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? J f 10? usKd if;wkH rde,frqENe,f trSw(2) - OD;pdi;f &Dwpf(yf)/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? J f k kd 11? qDqif rde,frqENe,f kd J - OD;pdef0if;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? 12? anmifa&$rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) - a'guwmOD;v_i(c)OD;xGe;f vdi/f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? J f df _ kd f 13? anmifa&$rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;tkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? J 14? awmif}u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;ausmfcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? J 15? awmif}u;D rd e,frqENe,f trSw(2)- cGeazaxG;(c)cGe&wema[m0f/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? J f f f kd f 16? wef@,ef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;cGef}uD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? wef@,ef;rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;xGe;f qm (c) pdi;f xGe;f 0if;/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pD J k k kd tzGJ@csKyf? 18? wmcsDvdwfrde,frJqENe,f - OD;pGHqdkif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? erfhpefrde,frJqENe,f - OD;pdi;f wif0if; (c) OD;wif0if;/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pD k k kd tzGJ@csKyf? 20? erfqefrd e,frqENe,f h J - OD;xGe;f ausm/f wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKy? f 21? erfhcrf;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;omat;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 22? aemifcsKd rde,frqENe,f J - OD;xGe;f atmif (c) OD;xGe;f xGe;f [de;f / trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? erRwlrde,frJqENe,f - a':arzd;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? yif;w,rde,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? yifavmif;rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;armif}uD;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? J 26? yifavmif;rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2)- OD;p0fomwifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD J tzGJ@csKyf? 27? z,fcHkrde,frJqENe,f - cGefrm;&fudkbef/ u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? 28? rd;k eJrde,frqENe,f J - OD;cGefyGifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? armufr,frde,frqENe,f J - pdi;f tGwf (c) pdi;f wifatmif/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pD k k k kd tzGJ@csKyf? 30? rdkif;yefrde,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;rdk;=unf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? rdi;f udif rde,frqENe,f k k J - OD;pdkif;tGrf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 32? rdi;f &SL;rd e,frqENe,f k J - OD;pdi;f 0if;az (c) 0if;az/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy?f k k kd 33? rdkif;&,frde,frJqENe,f - OD;vS'if/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? rlq,frde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pdkif;vSaz/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 35? rlq,frde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pdkif;armifav;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f - a'gufwmtkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cspfcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;',fe&,fatmif/ vm;[ltrsK;d om;zG@H zd;wd;k wufa&;ygw? D D - OD;pdkif;EGHwpf (yf)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdkif;&SJefavG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdkif;ausmfpdef/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;qef0kef; (c) OD;pdkif;bkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - pdkif;xGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdkif;EGJ@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifodef;/ jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDygwD? - a'gufwmvS&Sdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf (c) xGef;ausmf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 48? vJcsm;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;omxGef;jr/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 49? vif;ac;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 50? vm;_d;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pdkif;jrifharmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 51? vm;_d;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;oef;aX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 52? odEDMrde,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;xGef;vl/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 53? oDaygrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - cGefxGef;OD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 54? oDaygrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pdkif;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 55? [dkyHk;rde,frJqENe,f - OD;pHvS/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? 56? [dkyefrde,frJqENe,f - OD;cGefxGef;vl/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? (14) {&m0wDwi;? kd f 1? usKdufvwfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;oef;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? usKd ufvwfrde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - OD;wif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? ausmif;ukef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;apmvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmif;ukef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmvS0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? usHKaysmfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;ref;a*smfeD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? usKHaysmfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? =uHcif;rde,frJqENe,f - a'gufwm&Jjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? iykawmrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;a';ApfvSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? iykawmrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmppfwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? ZvGefrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 36? rdk;rdwfrde,frJqENe,f 37? rbdrf;rde,frJqENe,f 38? rdkif;ysif;rde,frJqENe,f 39? rdi;f ,ef;rde,frqENe,f k J 40? rdi;f cwfrde,frqENe,f k J 41? rdkif;wHkrde,frJqENe,f 42? rdkif;qwfrde,frJqENe,f 43? rdkif;a,mif;rde,frJqENe,f 44? rdkif;jzwfrde,frJqENe,f 45? &GmiHrde,frJqENe,f 46? &yfapmufrde,frJqENe,f 47? vGdKifvifrde,frJqENe,f
63
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 11? ZvGefrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) - Adkvfr;}uD;=unf0if; (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 12? anmifwkef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmifudif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? anmifwkef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;ompdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? a';'&Jrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - a'gufwmrsKd;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? a';'&Jrde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) J - OD;oef;xGe;f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd 16? "EkjzLrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;0if;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? "EkjzLrde,frqENe,f trSw(2) J f - OD;aomif;&D/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? ykortaemufrde,frqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifacsm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? d f J 19? ykodrftaemurde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmfrif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? ykodrfta&Srde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? ykodrfta&Srde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;vS=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? yef;waemfrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) J - a'guwmwifrif;xG/f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy? f kd f 23? yef;waemfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;ref;!Gef@odef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? zsmyHkrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;aomif;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? zsmykHrde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;rif;aqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? bduav;rde,frqENe,f trSwf (1) k J - OD;0if;udif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? bdkuav;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmpdefjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? rtlyifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;cspoef;/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygw? f k G f D 29? rtlyifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;vSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 30? armfvrdifu|ef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? armfvrdifu|ef;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;wifvS/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 32? ajrmif;jrrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmif=uif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? ajrmif;jrrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pdk;rif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? jrefatmifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 35? jrefatmifrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;jrifhod%f;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 36? a&=unfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;!Gef@0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? a&=unfrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;armifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? vyGwWmrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;=unf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 39? vyGwmrde,frqENe,f trSwf (2) W J - a'guwmat;=uL/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd 40? av;rsufESmrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pDarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 41? av;rsufESmrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;qef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 42? 0g;c,frrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wifatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? 0g;c,frrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - Adkvfr;}uD;oufa0 (t+idrf;pm;)/ wdkif;&if;om; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygw? G f D
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 44? omaygif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;vSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 45? omaygif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;oef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 46? [oFmwrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;jroef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 47? [oFmwrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmaZmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 48? t*Fylrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;jr0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 49? t*Fylrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmpef;atmif/ woD;yk*~v? 50? tdrfrJrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wifxGwf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 51? tdrfrJrde,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;jrifharmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? jrefrmwjynfv;kH wGif pkpaygi;f rJqENe,f (492) e,fowfrwxm;cJaomfvnf; ucsijf ynfe,f k S f h wGif (1) ae&mESifh &Srf;jynfe,fwGif (6) ae&m/ pkpkaygif; (7) ae&mwGif vHkcHa&;tajctaersm;a=umifh a&G;aumufyusi;f yjcif;ryvkyEicojzifh usef (485) ae&mtwGuom usi;f yEdiconf? jynfe,fEihf JG f kd f hJ f k f hJ S wdkif; (14) ck&Sd rJqENe,f (485) ae&mwGif woD;yk*~v (87) OD;tygt0if udk,fpm;vS,favmif; (2296) OD; 0ifa&muf,Of ydic=hJ u&m woD;yk*v (6) OD;ESihf trsK;d orD; (15) OD;tygt0if ud,pm;vS,f S f ~ k f (485) OD; a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? jynfe,fESifhwdkif;tvdkuf a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cHcJh&olta&twGufrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf? (1) ucsijf ynfe,f 19 OD;? (2) u,m;jynfe,f 8 OD;? (3) u&ifjynfe,f 14 OD;? (4) csi;f jynfe,f 13 OD;? (5) ppfui;f wdi;f kd k 58 OD;? (6) weoFm&Dwdkif; 13 OD;? (7) yJc;l wdi;f k 51 OD;? (8) rauG;wdi;f k 39 OD;? (9) rE av;wdi;f W k 56 OD;? (10) rGejf ynfe,f 20 OD;? (11) &cdkifjynfe,f 26 OD;? (12) &efuewi;f k f kd 61 OD;? (13) &Sr;f jynfe,f 56 OD;? (14) {&m0wDwi;f kd 51 OD;? a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh=u&onfh woD;yk*~vudk,fpm;vS,f (6) OD;rSm (1) a'gufwmr_xef/ xefwvefrde,frJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f? (2) OD;vseftkyf/ [m;cg;rde,frJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (3) (4) (5) (6) OD;odef;az/ uef@bvlrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? OD;0if;&Sdef/ ajrmifrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? OD;yDwmvif;yif/ jyifO;D vGif rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ rE av;wdi;f ? J W k a'gufwmpef;atmif/ t*Fylrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;?
a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh=u&onfh trsKd;orD;udk,fpm;vS,f (15) OD;rSm (1) a':pdewif/ a&$ul rde,frqENe,f/ ucsijf ynfe,f? (uG,ve) f J f Gf (2) eef;cifaxG;jrif/h bm;tHrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (3)/ u&ifjynfe,f? J (3) a':q,fq,f/ cE ;DW rde,frqENe,f/ ppfui;f wdi;f ? J kd k (4) a':cifpef;vdi/f 0ufvufrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ ppfui;f wdi;f ? _ J kd k (5) a':vSvr;kd / rif;vSrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ yJc;l wdi;f ? S J k (6) a':arESi;f =unf (c) a':eD/ rd;k ukwf rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ rE av;wdi;f ? J W k (7) a':tkef;=unf/ jrpfom;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ rE Wav;wdkif;? (8) a':cifaX;uG,/f acsmif;qHk rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ rGejf ynfe,f? J (9) a':wifapmOD;/ rk'kH rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ rGejf ynfe,f? (uG,ve) J f G f (10) a':pef;pef;/ qdyfurf;rde,frJqENe,f/ &efukefwdkif;? (11) a':pef;ar (a&$uarESi;f )/ wdu}f uD;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ &efuewi;f ? l k J k f kd (12) a'guwmar0if;jrif/h r&rf;uke;f rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ &efuewi;f ? f J k f kd (13) a':cifat;jrif/h &efuif;rde,frqENe,f/ &efuewi;f ? J k f kd (14) a':pef;pef;0if;/ tvHk rde,frqENe,f/ &efuewi;f ? (uG,ve) J k f kd f Gf (15) a':arzd;/ erRwl rde,frqENe,f/ &Sr;f jynfe,f? (uG,ve) J f Gf a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cHc&onfh trsK;d orD;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tm;vH;k onf trsK;d hJ f kd f f om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic=hJ uolrsm;csn;f jzpfonf? kd k f S f ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfw0ef;vHk;Y a&G; aumufyusi;f ycJonfh rJqENe,faygi;f (485) e,fwif rJqENe,fxuf0ufausmwif 0ifa&muf ,SOf ydichJ JG h G f G f onfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;}uD; (4) zG@J &c&m tqdygEiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;}uD; (4) zG@J . a&G;aumuf kfH D dS hJ k kd f H D wifajrmufcHcJh&r_ taetxm;rSm
pOf a&G;aumuf &&Sdaom a&G;aumufcHr_ yGJ0if uk,pm;vS,f d f rJqENe,f ta&twGuf &mckiEe;f d f _ 1 trsKd;om;'Drua&pDtzGJ@csKyf dk 447 392 87 69 2 wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!Gwfa&;ygwD d 413 10 2 42 3 'Drua&pDESihf +idr;f csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf dk 4 jynfaxmifptrsKdom;rsm;'Drua&pD k dk ygwD 309 247 1 0 40 Ekiia&;ygwDt zGJ@tpnf;trnf d f H
66
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;. tajctaerSm aumfr&Siwirwywifconfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J kfH D f G f S f kH hJ kfH D tpnf;aygi;f (236) zG@J &c&m/ ,if;wd@k teuf rdrqENtav#mufzsuor;f cJonfh ygwtzG@J tpnf; (102) dS hJ d f d h D zG@J / Armjynfuejf rLepfygwEiqufo,r&ojzifh zsuor;f cHc&onfh ygwtzG@J tpnf; (3) zG@J / tenf;qH;k G D S hf G f _ dS f d hJ D owfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,f (3) e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfydifjcif;ryEdkifojzifh zsufodrf;cHcJh&onfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (6) zGJ@/ a&G;aumufyGJvnf;r0if/ udk,fwdkifvnf;zsufodrf;ay;jcif;r&Sdojzifh e0w. (190) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (142) zGJ@/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf ,SOfydif+yD;rS y,fzsufcJhonfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (83) zGJ@&SdcJhojzifh w&m;0ifqufvuf&yfwnfaeonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf; (10) zGJ@ om usef&Sdawmhonf? if;wdk@rSm (1) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (2) &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k kd (3) wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (4) vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGH@zd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD (5) rd(ac: )crD trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (r/ c/ r/ n/ z) (6) jynfaxmifpkytdk0f;trsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf (7) &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (8) jynfaxmifpku&iftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (9) ud;k uef@'rua&pDEihf nD!wa&;ygwD D kd S G f (10) 0trsKd;om;zGH@zd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD wdk@jzpfonf? tqdkyg EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (10) zGJ@wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tenf;qHk;wOD;ESifh txufa&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cH&onfh tzG@J (7) zG@J &+dS y;D / (3) zG@J rm v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD; wa,muf f S f kd f f r# a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; rcH&onfhtzGJ@rsm;jzpfonf? a&G;aumufytwGuf Ekiiawmfrusco;pGonfaiGrsm;? JG dfH S H Hk J h aumfr&Sifonf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf udwifjyifqifr_ vkyfief;rsm;ukd 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmvrSpI aqmif&GufcJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;teuf t"duvkyief;rsm;jzpfonfh pma&;ud&,mrsm;0,f,jl zef@jzL;jcif;/ qENrvufrwrsm;kuEyjf cif;/ qENy f d J S f d f Sd wHqyw;Hk ESihf wHqyuf rifccursm;0,f,jl cif;/ jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;/ df d f dk HG f $ f !$ef=um;csufrsm;/ &yfuGufESifh aus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cJGrsm;. vkyfief;vrf;!$efESifh rJkHr;ESifh rJkH tzG@J 0ifrsm;twGuvrf;!$ef ponfpmtkyrsm;udk ypkyEyjf zef@a0jcif;/ rJaqmufvyjf cif;/ rJy;Hk rsm;yvkyjf cif; f h f Hk dS Hk k ponfwdk@twGuf ukefusp&dwfrsm;udk vnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;udk jynfe,f okd@r[kwf wkdif;/ rd@e,fpk/ rde,f/ &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u taumiftxnfazmf vkyaqmif&mwGif ukeusrnftok;H p&dwrsm;ukvnf;aumif; Ekiiawmf.bmaiGrS usco;Hk pGconf? f f h f d dfH H J hJ ,if;odk@ uscHokH;pGJcJh&mwGif bmESpftvkduf ukefusaiGrsm;rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf? (1) 1988 - 89 bmESpf usyf 2226722 (1-10-88 rS 31-3-89)
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (2) 1989 - 90 bmESpf usyf 19578458 (1-4-89 rS 31-3-90) (3) 1990 - 91 bmESpf usyf 13813123 (1-4-90 rS 30-6-90) cef@rSef;ukefusaiG pkpkaygif; ] usyf 35618303 ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;y+yD;pD;jcif;? Taumfr&Sionf vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyvyief; f f D Hk D dk JG k f rsm;udk 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmvrSpI aqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;odk@aqmif&Guf&mwGif acsmarmajyjypf onfvyief;rsm;&SouJo@dk tcsKd vkyief;rsm;udvnf; Ekiia&;t&vnf;aumif;/ pDrcef@ca&;t& vnf; h kf d h f k dfH H JG aumif; ud;pmajz&Si;f aqmif&uc=hJ uonf? G f EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ,if;. pwkwwm0eftjzpf vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yay;&ef owfrwconf? jynforsm;u D Hk D dk JG S f hJ l vnf; vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk usif;yay;&ef vkdvm;awmifh wcJh=uonf? xk@d a=umifh aumfr&Sionf rdrtm;ay;tyfxm;onfh vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwp'ru f d f D Hk D kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;usif;y&efwm0efukd vkyfief;tpDtpOfESifh tcsdfefZ,m;rsm;csrSwfum wqih+f yD;wqifh twdtusatmifjrifpmaqmif&uI aemufq;Hk yef;wkiae@jzpfaom 1352 ckEp/f e,kef G G f df S vqef; 4 &uf (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27) &uf) ae@wGif vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D ukd atmifjrifpmusi;f yay;cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? ,if;od@k atmifjrifpmusi;f ycJjh cif;ESihf G G pyfvsO;f I jynfotajrmuftjrm;uvnf;aumif;/ rJqENay;=uol rJqEN&itajrmuftjrm;u vnf; l Sf aumif;/ 0ifa&muf,Of ydi=f uonfh Ekiia&;ygwtrsm;pkuvnf;aumif;/ vGwvyfIw&m;r#wonf[k S dfH D f 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omcs;D usL;=uonftxdomru ,cifu oHo,&Sonf[k twdtvif;xkwazmfajym d f qkc=hJ uonfh EkiijH cm;tpd;k &rsm;/ EkiijH cm;oHwrefrsm;ESihf EkiijH cm;owif;axmufrsm;ESiEiijH cm; owif; d df df df hf dk f Xmersm;uyif vGwvyfIw&m;r#wr_&onf[k vnf;aumif;/ pepfwus&onf[vnf;aumif; woH f dS dS k wnf; 0efccs;D usL;cJ=h uonf? H 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23) &ufae@wGif EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuU/ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmifrS EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@. wifjyarwWm&yfccsutm; wdi;f jynfo@kd a=unmcsu? H f k f &[ef;&Sifvl jynfoltaygif;wdk@cifAsm; EdkifiHawmftwGif;rSmvuf&Sdjzpfay:aewJh tajctaersm;eJ@ywfouf+yD; wyfrawmftay:rSm &[ef;/ &Siv/l jynfow&yfv;kH taeeJ@ txiftjrifvrm;r_rsm;rjzpfapzd@k e@J wyfrawmf.&yfwnfcsuukd f l JG S f od&Eiz@kd twGuf &Si;f vif;wifjyvdygw,f? Ediiawmfw0ef;vH;k jzpfay:cJwta&;tcif;[m ppfreaom dS kd f k kfH h hJ Sf 'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;&nf&G,fcsufeJ@ at;csrf;pGmqENjy tcGifhta&;awmif;qdkonfh EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;u pwifcJhaomfvnf; aemufydkif;rSm rormolrsm;/ t=urf;zuform;rsm; a&maESmyg0ifvm+yD; EdkifiHawmf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udyg pd;k &drz,&mtajctaersm;a&mufwtxd qlyvy&m;r_/ k fG f hJ l _fS +cdr;f ajcmufr/_ &ufpufrpwJh rif;rJpduf yvkyrrsm;txd jzpfay:vmcJygw,f? tJ'vkd qd;k &Gm;pGmv_y&m; _ h k f _ h D fS vmI xde;f rEdif odr;f r&jzpfae+yD; wzufrmvnf; Ediia&;enf;t& ajz&Si;f r&Ediawmhwtajctae k S kfH kf hJ awGjzpfay:vmvd@k wdi;f jynftwGuf }uD;rm;wJtE &m,fusa&mufawmhr,fqqrm wyfrawmftaeeJ@ k h W h J JS tcuftcJtusytwnf;rsm;eJ@ &ifqi&rSmudo&v#ue@J rv$ra&Smifomawmhv@kd Ediiawmftm%m f kd f k d dS f J kfH udk &,lcjhJ cif;omjzpfygw,f? tckvkd aqmif&u&wJtwGuvnf; pdwrcsr;f ajrhrrsm;pGmcHpm;&ygw,f? G f h f f _ u|efawmfwdk@taeeJ@ tpdk;&udkzGJ@pnf;jcif;[m EdkifiHwEdkifiHrSm &Sdoifh&SdxdkufwJh t*F g&yfw&yfeJ@ jynfhpHkapzdk@/ EdkifiHwumqufqHa&;eJ@ wm0efawGcGJa0xrf;aqmifEdkifzdk@twGufomjzpf+yD; yk*d~Kvftenf; i,fr#eJ@om wm0efawGrsm;jym;pGmay;tyfxm;jcif;u EdkifiHawmftm%mudk =um&Snfav;jrifhpGm &,l xm;vdkaomqEN vHk;0r&Sda=umif;udk xif&Sm;apygw,f? u|efawmfeJ@wuG vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;/ wyfr awmfom;tm;vH;k u Ediiawmftm%mudk =um&Snpm&,lvaom qENr&Sa=umif; &[ef;/ &Siv/l jynfol kfH fG kd d f taygi;f udk d;k om;av;pm;wnf=unfpm uwdyygw,f? u|eawmf OD;aqmifO;D &Guf ywhJ Ediiawmf+idr0yf G f kfH f ydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@taeeJ@ u|efawmfwdk@&Ja=unmcsuftrSwf 188 rSm azmfjyxm;wJh (u) w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;eJ@ e,fajrat;csrf;om,ma&;/ (c) vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; vHkcHacsmarG@apa&;/ (*) jynforsm;&J pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef tpGr;f ukef u;d yrf;aqmif&uay;&efe@J yk*vu/ l G f ~ d or0g,rwd@k u aqmif&uEiatmifvnf; wwfEior# ulnaqmif&uay;Edia&;wd@k ukd vwf G f kd f kd f D G f kf wavmaqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;wm0efrsm;tjzpf &nfrSef;csufxm;+yD; tjrefqHk;+yD;ajrmuf atmif oEMdXmefcsrSwf aqmif&Gufae+yDjzpfygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@tzGJ@&Ja=unmcsuf trSwf (188) tydk'f (1) &JpwkwtcsufrSmyg&SdwJh ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; tjrefqHk;aqmif&Gufay;zdk@ tpDtpOf&Sd+yD; aqmif&Guf&efrsm;udk pwifaqmif&Gufaea=umif;udkvnf; jynfoljynfom;rsm;eJ@wuG a&G;aumufyGJ yg0ifr,fh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udkvnf; today;vdkygw,f? yg0if,SOfydif=ur,fh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; uvnf; Oya'eJ@tnD rSwfyHkwifEdkifzdk@ udwifjyifqifxm;=u&rSm jzpfygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@ wm0ef,l wm[m &ufydkif;r#om&Sdygao;w,f? u|efawmfwdk@aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk apmifh=unfh+yD;/ qENapm+yD; awmif; qdkcsufrsm;udk awmif;qdkjcif;ry=ubJ rdrdwdk@tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk wnf+idrfpGmxdef;xm;=uzdk@ aqmif&Gufoifh a=umif; t=uHay;ygw,f? u|eawmfw@kd wawG[m wyfrawmfom;awGjzpf=uygw,f? wyfrawmfom;rsm;eJ@ zG@J pnf;xm; f wJh u|efawmfwdk@tzGJ@taeeJ@vnf; EdkifiHhaus;Zl;opPmudkcH,lxm;wJhtzGJ@tpnf;jzpfvdk@ EdkifiHawmfeJ@ Ediiom;rsm;tay: 0efcxm;&S+d yD;jzpfwhJ uwdopPmudk rnfo@kd aomta=umif;a=umifr# y,fzsu/f azmuf kfH H h zsufrSmr[kwfa=umif; ,Hk=unfxm;&Sd=uapvdkygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@tzGJ@taeeJ@ pufwifbmv (20) &ufae@u EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJ@ q&mawmf bk&m;}uD;rsm;&JarwWm&yfcHcsufudk tav;teufxm;+yD; dkaopGmjzifh rSwfom;em,lxm; rnfjzpfyga=umif; av#mufxm;tyfygonfbk&m;? 'Dae&mrSm 0efxrf;rsm;eJ@ywfoufwupuvnf; tenf;i,fajym=um;vdygw,f? 0efxrf;wOD; hJ d P kd k
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f taeeJ@ EdkifiH&Jwm0efudkxrf;aqmif&mrSm rnfonfhygwD/ rnfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;&J=oZmcH rjzpfoifhyg? EdiiawmftusK;d twGuf aqmif&u&rnfh rnfonftpd;k &wufwuf/ tJ'tpd;k &u w&m;ojzifay;tyf kfH G f h D h onfhwm0efudk EdkifiHtusKd;twGuf wm0efxrf;aqmif=u&rSmjzpfygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@EdkifiHawmf&J ,ae@tajctae[m ysufpD;jcif;umvudkausmfvGef+yD; wnf+idrfr_rsm; &&Sdoifhoavmuf &&Sdae+yDjzpfyg w,f? u|eawmfw@kd taeeJ@ wnf+idrr&onfEitr# wnfaqmufjcif;udk tjrefpwif=u&ygawmhr,f? f f _ dS S hf EdkifiHom;rsm;awmifhwaewJh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepf wnfaqmufEdkifatmif u|efawmfwdk@eJ@ vufwGJvkyf aqmif=uzd@k wduwe;f ygw,f? k f G tajctaersm; txdutav#muf wnf+idrr&&Svmaecserm tajctaeqd;k rsm; xyfrrjzpf k f f_ d dfS H ay:apzdk@ EdkifiHawmfydkifypPnf;/ pufHk/ tvkyfHkrsm;udk rormolrsm;taejzifh vlpkvla0;jzifh vk,uf/ azmuf xGi;f / zsuq;D jcif;rsm;ryvky=f uzd@k owday;ajym=um;vdygw,f? 'Dvkd &mZ0wfrukd vlpva0;eJ@ f k _ k l vkyaqmif csursm;tm; u|eawmfw@kd taeeJ@ vspvsL_raeEdiv@kd xda&mufpmaqmif&u&rSmjzpfa=umif; f f f f kf G G f xrfrH owday; ajym=um;vdkygw,f? u|eawmfw@kd wm0ef,r,fumv[m tvGewawmif;vSwtwGuf use;f rma&;/ ynma&;/ f l h f kd hJ tjcm; vlra&;qdi&mvkyief;rsm;udk xduoifoavmufom xde;f odr;f aqmif&uom;Edirmjzpfygw,f? _ kf f k f h G f G kfS a&&Snf yjyifaqmif&u&r,fh use;f rma&;/ ynma&;/ vlra&;qdi&m vkyief;rsm;udawmh ygwp'rua&pD G f _ kf f k D kH D kd a&G;aumufyusi;f y+yD;aemuf wufa&mufvmr,fh tpd;k &tzG@J tpnf;u aqmif&uay;zd@k jzpfygw,f? JG G f u|eawmfw@kd wyfrawmftaeeJ@uawmh jynfojl ynfom;rsm;u rdrw@kd &J 'Drua&pDyicit& f d kd kd f G hf vGwvyfr#wpGm a&G;cs,wifajrmufz@JG pnf;vduwhJ tpd;k &tzG@J tpnf;udk Ediiawmf&J tm%mudk v$ajymif; f f k f kfH J ay;+yD;wmeJ@ u|eawmfw@kd &J rlvwm0efjzpfwhJ EdiiawmfumuG,a&;ESihf vHk cHa&;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&; f kfH f wm0efawGuom qufvufaqmif&uom;rSmjzpfa=umif; xyfruwday;vdygw,f? kd G f G H k 'ga=umifh vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD; tjrefq;kH f D kH D kd usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf a&G;aumufyGJrSmyg0if,SOfydif=ur,fh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifhvnf;aumif;/ &[ef;/ &Sifvl/ jynfolrsm;eJ@ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudkvdkvm;awmifhwaeoltm;vHk;uvnf;aumif; 0dkif;0ef;ulnD aqmif&Guf=uyg&ef arwWm&yfcHtyfygw,fcifAsm; ? ( vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOfowif;pm - 24/ 9/ 1988 ) 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifwGif rSwfyHkwifcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (26) ESpfwm wygwDpepfusifhoHk;cJh+yD;aemuf ygwDpHkpepf usifhoHk;&efjzpfvm onfhtcg EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; zGJ@pnf;v_yf&Sm;&mwGif pepfwus pnf;Hk;v_yf&Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'udk 1988 ckEp/f pufwif kfH df kfH D f kH S bmv (27) &ufae@wGif jyXmef;ay;cJhonf? Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk jyXmef;+yD;onfaemuf ygwp'rua&pD kfH D f kH h D kH D kd taxG axGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS ,if;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD a&G;aumufyGJY 0if
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&muf,Of ydivaom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@rpI S f kd kfH D S S rSwfyHkwifcGifhycJh&m aemufqHk;rSwfyHkwifcGifhy&efjzpfonfh 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28) &ufae@txd (5) vcef@twGi;f rSwywifc=hJ uonfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;rSm atmufygtwdi;f jzpfonf? f kH kfH D k a&G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf,SOfyifcJh+yD; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftenf;qHk;wOD;ESifhtxuf a&G;cs,f wifajrmufcHcJh&onfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? (1) 'Drua&pDygwD kd Democracy Party (DP) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 30-9-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw armif; EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (792) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (2) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf National League for Democracy (NLD) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (392) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 30-9-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw carmuf ,ae@wdif w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&onf? k f dS (3) 'Dru&ufwpfwuUovb@JG &ESihf ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J kd kd f Graduates and Old Students Democratic Association v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 10-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw vufqGJrD;tdrf Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpyg trde@f kfH df S JG trSw(792) jzifh zsuor;f cJonf? f f d h (4) &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Arakan League for Democracy (ALD) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (11) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 12-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw qDrD;cGuf 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (6) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? (5) wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwD k G f National Unity Party (NUP)
71
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (10) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 12-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw pyg;ESH ,ae@wdif w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&onf? k f dS (6) rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J f kd Mon National Democratic Front (MNDF) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (5) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 17-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ae=umyef;yGifh EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (892) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (7) Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&uf k f Zomi National Congress (ZNC) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 18-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw aomhcavmuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (792) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (8) csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Chin National League for Democracy (CNLD) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (3) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 18-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw aomhwGJ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (892) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (9) rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ Patriotic Old Comrades League (POCL) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 28-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ykavG EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (792) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (10) &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k kd Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (23) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 21-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw tdk;pnf ,ae@wdif w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&onf? k f dS (11) em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufzGH@zd;a&;ygwD Naga Hills Regional Progressive Party (NHRPP) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 26-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw av,mOfysH EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (892) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (12) u,m;jynfe,fvrsK;d aygi;f pH'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf l k D kd Kayah State All Nationalities League for Democracy (KNLD) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 28-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw a&wGif; EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (892) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (13) ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uf kd Gf Kachin State National Congress for Democracy (KNCD) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (3) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 31-8-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw acgif;avmif; 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (6) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? (14) u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf Karen State Nationals Organization (KSNO) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 1-11-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw wa,m 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;onf? (15) jynfaxmifpkytdk0fhtrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf Union Paoh National Organization (UPNO) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (3) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 1-11-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw o&ufoD;wGJoHk;vHk; ,ae@wdif w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&onf? k f dS
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (16) trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD National Democratic Party for Human Rights (NDPHR) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (4) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 1-11-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw armfawmfum; Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (18) &ufae@&ufpyg trde@f kfH df S JG trSwf (892) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (17) wtm0f; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Ta-ang (Palaung) National League for Democracy (TNLD) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 15-11-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw vufzuf&nf=urf;tdk; Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (18) &ufae@&ufpyg trde@f kfH df S JG trSwf (892) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (18) &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'ru&ufwpfygwD D kd Shan State Kokang Democratic Party (SSKDP) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 16-9-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw uwfa=u; ,ae@wdif w&m;0if &yfwnfvsu&onf? k f dS (19) jynfaxmifpk "EktrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Union Danu League for Democracy (UDLD) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 7-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw aowWm Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (18) &ufae@&ufpyg trde@f kfH df S JG trSwf (892) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (20) ureftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Kamans National League for Democracy (KNLD) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 13-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw vufqGJjcif; Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpyg trde@f kfH df S JG trSwf (792) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (21) u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;'Drua&pDtzG@J G f kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Democratic Organization for Kayan National Unity (DOKNU) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 14-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw zHo;D k Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpyg trde@f kfH df S JG trSwf (792) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (22) r&mjynfo@l ygwD Mara People's Party (MPP) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 14-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw aumufvd_if;txHk; Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpyg trde@f kfH df S JG trSwf (792) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (23) jynfaxmifptrsK;d om;rsm;'Drua&pDygwD (,ltife'y) k kd f D D Union Nationals Democracy Party (UNDP) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 16-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw csdefcGif Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (18) &ufae@&ufpyg trde@f kfH df S JG trSwf (892) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (24) rd (ac: ) crD trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (r/ c/ r/ n/ z) Mro or Khami National Solidarity Organization (MKNSO) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 22-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw a&bHkbdkif ,ae@wdif w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&onf? k f dS (25) vm;[ltrsK;d om;zG@H zd;wd;k wufa&;ygwD Lahu National Development Party (LNDP) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHcJh&onf? rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 27-2-89 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw aq;wH ,ae@wdif w&m;0if &yfwnfvsu&onf? k f dS (26) trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygwD kd Party for National Democracy (PND) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (3) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 27-2-89 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ESJ 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y hS G D kH D kd a&;aumfr&SirS Ediia&;ygwtjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;rSy,fzsua=umif; a=unmcsutrSwf f kfH D f kH f f (902) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unmonf? (27) jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k kd kd United Nationalities League for Democracy (UNLD) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? f kd f H hJ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ 27-2-89 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw qdkif;0dkif; Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpyg trde@f kfH df S JG trSwf (792) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? a&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Of yifc+hJ y;D v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;r# a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; JG G S f kd f f f rcH&aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? (1) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDygwD People's Democratic Party Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (292) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (2) jrefrmEdiiv;kH qdi&mr[mrdwvi,frsm;tpnf;tH;k kfH kf f l All Burma United Youths Organization Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (3) nD!wa&;ESiz@HG zd;wd;k wufa&;ygwD G f hf Unity and Development Party Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (13) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH df S D JG trdef@trSwf (592) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (4) zufqpfqef@usifa&;/ jynfol@vGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@csKyf (z-q-y-v) Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? (5) trsKd;om;jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Democratic Front for National Reconstruction (Union of Burma) EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (792) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (6) jrefrmEdiin!wa&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD kfH D G f kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Burma United Democratic Party EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (192) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (7) trsK;d om;+idr;f csr;f a&;ESi'rua&pDygwD hf D kd National Peace and Democracy Party Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (292) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (8) jynfaxmifpku&iftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf Union Karen League ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if&yfwnfvsuf&Sdonf? (9) vl@abmifopf'ru&ufwpfygwD D kd Democratic Party for New Society (D.P.N.S.) 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (6) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? (10) jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@csKyf (ArmEdkifiH) People's Volunteer Organization (Burma) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (11) ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Dru&ufwpfygwD kd The Kachin State National Democratic Party Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (13) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH df S D JG trdef@trSwf (592) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (12) jynfcspfvli,frsm;tpnf;tHk; Patriotic Youth Organization 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (17) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? (13) jrefrmEdii'ru&ufwpfjynfo@l tiftm;tzG@J csKyf k f H D kd All Burma Democratic People's Power Organization Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (292) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (14) trsK;d om;wd;k wufa&;vli,ftzG@J csKyf (jrefrmEdii) kfH National Progressive Youth of Burma EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (592) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (15) 'Dru&ufwpfavbmygwD (jrefrmjynf) kd Democratic Labour Party (Burma)
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (16) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH z-q-y-v A[dktzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma (Main) AFPFL (Hq) 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (31) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; S D G D kH D kd JG aumfr&SirS a=unmcsutrSwf (906) jzifh Ediia&;ygwtjzpfrwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsuchJ f f kfH D S f kH f onf? (17) &Sr;f jynfwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd kd Democratic League for the National Races of the Shan State Ed k i f i H a wmf + id r f 0 yf y d j ym;r_ w nf a qmuf a &;tzG J @ rS 1992 ck E S p f / azazmf 0 g&D v (13) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (592) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (18) trsK;d om;nD!wa&;uGe*&uf G f f United National Congress 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;onf? (19) 'Dru&ufwpfv@l tcGita&;ygwD kd hf Democratic Human Rights Party 1991 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? (20) rsK;d csp'ru&ufwpfvi,fwyfaygi;f pk (jrefrmEdii) f D kd l kfH Patriotic Democratic Youth Front (Burma) 1991 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (11) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; S D G D kH D kd aumfr&SirS a=unmcsutrSwf (911) jzifh Ediia&;ygwtjzpfrwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsuchJ f f kfH D S f kH f onf? (21) awmifolv,form;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (w/ v/ p/ n) Peasants' Unity Organization 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;onf? (22) vli,fpnf;vH;k nD!wa&;tzG@J G f Youth Unity Organization 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;onf? (23) tvkyorm;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;tzG@J (v/ p/ n) f G f Workers' Unity Organization 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;onf? (24) jrefrmEdiiv;kH qdi&mtrsK;d om;rsm;wd;k wufa&;'Drua&pDygwD kfH kf kd All Burma National Progressive Democracy Party Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (25) vli,fnD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Youths' Solidarity Front (Union of Burma) 1991 ckESpf/ arv (8) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? (26) &Sr;f trsK;d om;zG@H zd;a&;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii) kd kfH Shan National Development Democratic Party (Union of Burma) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (27) 'Drua&pDjrwfE;kd aomjynforsm;tzG@J csKyf ('-r-y-z) kd l Democratic People's League (DPL) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (28) jrefrmtrsK;d orD;wd;k wufa&;or*~ (A[dXmecsKyf) k
Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (29) jynfo@l pr;f tm;ygwD G People's Power Party (PPP) 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmufzsufodrf;cJhonf? (30) jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;ygwD (y-w-c) Union Stability Party (USP) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (31) &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf (&-w-n) The Arakan National Unity Organization (ANUO) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (8) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (192) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (32) trsKd;om;+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD National Peace Party (NPP) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (292) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (33) vGwfvyfaomjrefrmEdkifiHjynfolrsm;tzGJ@csKyf Free People League of Burma 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? (34) ucsiwuUovausmif;om;rsm;OD;aqmifaomucsivi,ftzG@J f kd f f l Union of Kachin Youth Led by Kachin University Students (UKY)
Union for the Improvement of Burma Women (Central Headquarters)
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1991 ckESpf/ arv (23) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? (35) &cdivrsK;d pkrsm;'Drua&pDygwD kf l kd Arakan Nationalities Democracy Party Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (8) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (192) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (36) zufqpfqef@usia&;jynfo@l vwvyfa&;rlvtzG@J csKyf (z-q-y-v rlvtzG@J csKyf) f G f Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (Original) (Hq); AFPFL (Original) (Hq) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (37) awmifolv,form;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) League of Peasants' Unions (Union of Burma) Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (13) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH df S D JG trdef@trSwf (592) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (38) tvkyorm;nD!wa&;or*~rsm;tzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii) f G f kfH United Trade Union Congress (Union of Burma) Ed k i f i H a wmf + id r f 0 yf y d j ym;r_ w nf a qmuf a &;tzG J @ rS 1992 ck E S p f / azazmf 0 g&D v (13) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (592) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (39) ar,kz@HG zd;wd;k wufa&;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tzG@J csKyf (tm&fumef) Students and Youths League for Mayyu Development (Arakan) 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (18) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? (40) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiin!wa&;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (y-n-'-z) kfH D G f kd Union of Burma Unity Democracy League (RUDL) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (292) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (41) awmifov,form; u'l;/ ueef;ESihf &Sr;f trsK;d om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf l G f kd (Aef;armufrd) Farmer, Gadu, Ganan and Shan National Unity Democratic Headquarters (Banmauk Myo) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (42) udk;uef@'Drdkua&pDESifhnD!Gwfa&;ygwD Kokang Democracy and Unity Party ,ae@wdif w&m;0if &yfwnfvsu&onf? k f dS (43) 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf ('D+idrf;) League for Democracy and Peace (LDP)
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1991 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (4) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; S D G D kH D kd aumfr&SirS a=unmcsutrSwf (908) jzifh Ediia&;ygwtjzpfrwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsuconf? f f kfH D S f kH f hJ (44) awmifov,form;wd;k wufz@HG zd;a&;ygwD l Peasants' Development Party (PDP) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (45) &Sr;f jynfe,fucsitrsK;d om;'Dru&ufwpfygwD f kd Shan State Kachin Democratic Party Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (46) ucsitrsK;d om;vH;k qdi&muGe*&uf f kf f Kachin National Congress (KNC) 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? (47) wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkb0opfxaxmifa&;ygwD (XmecsKyf) k l National Ethnic Reformation Party (Headquarters) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (48) jynfol@a&SaqmifygwD (y-&-y) People's Pioneer Party (PPP) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (49) trsKd;om;ygwD (t-r-y) Amyothar Party (AP) EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (192) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (50) rsK;d qufopftm;rmefvi,fwyfO;D l h The Might of New Generation Youth Front (Burma) 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? (51) 0trsKd;om;zGH@zd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD Wa National Development Party ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfvsuf&Sdonf? (52) vDq;l trsK;d om;aoG;pnf;cdirma&;tzG@J (v-r-o-z) kf Lisu National Solidarity (LNS) EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (892) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (53) u&iftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf (u-'-w) Karen National Congress for Democracy (KNCD) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (54) tif;trsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf Inn-Tha National Organization 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? (55) &cdkiftrsKd;om;vlr_b0jrifhwifa&;tzGJ@ The Rakhine National Humanitarian Development Organization Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (56) wdi;f &if;EG,zm;yl;aygi;f a&;ygwD k f G Indigenous Race Collaboration Party Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (292) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (57) jynfaxmifpkjynfol@b0ESifh'Drdkua&pDygwD Union People's Future and Democracy Party Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (292) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (58) jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDygwDrsm;tzGJ@csKyf United League of Democratic Parties 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (19) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? (59) uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;/ qdk&S,fvpfqef@usifa&;/ tm%m&Sifqef@usifa&;/ vGwvyfaom'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f kd Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@ trSwf (492) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (60) trsK;d om;Ediia&;wyfaygi;f pk (vli,f) kfH National Politics Front (Youth) 1991 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (6) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; S D G D kH D kd aumfr&SirS a=unmcsutrSwf (909) jzifh Ediia&;ygwtjzpfrwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsuchJ f f kfH D S f kH f onf? (61) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii'rua&pDwyfaygi;f pk (y-'-w) k f H D kd Union of Burma Democratic Front EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (192) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf?
Anti-Communist, Anti-Socialist, Anti-Totalitarian Free Democracy League
82
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (62) 'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwfrsm;tzGJ@csKyf ('-r-z) League of Democratic Allies EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (192) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (63) &cdijf ynfo@l 'rua&pDwyfaygi;f pk k D kd Arakan People's Democratic Front 1991 ckESpf/ arv (13) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? (64) jynfo@l awmifov,form;or*~ (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii) l kfH People's Peasants Union (Union of Burma) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (292) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (65) trsK;d om;a&;yuwdvrf;pOfO;D aqmiftiftm;pktzG@J csKyf Leading Strength of National Realism Central 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (25) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? (66) 'Drua&pDjrwfE;kd aomjynforsm;r[mrdwtzG@J }uD; ('-r-r-z) kd l f Democratic Allies' League (DAL) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@&ufpyg kfH f S D JG trdef@trSwf (292) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? aumfr&Siwirwywifc+hJ y;D a&G;aumufyrwdirD ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh rSwywifxm;jcif;rS f G f S f kH JG k f f kH y,fzsufcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? (1) jynfol@vli,ftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) People's Youth Federation (Burma) (2) jrefrmjynf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Burma Democratic Party (3-11-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;.qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHk wifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (3) jynfaxmifp+k idr;f csr;f a&;'Drua&pDygwD kd United Peace Democratic Party (5-1-90 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHk wifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (4) 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;tzG@J kd G Democracy Development Organization (11-12-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwif xm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?)
83
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (5) 'Drdkua&pDwdk;wufa&;r[mrdwfygwD Democratic Progress Allied Party (23-11-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwif xm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (6) vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf The League for Human Rights and Peace (8-1-90 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHk wifxm; jcif;udy,fzsuconf?) k f hJ (7) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mtrsKd;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf All Burma National Youths League (8) jrefrmjynfwdk;wufa&;vli,ftzGJ@csKyf Youth Union for Burma's Progress (9) jynfo@l vwvyfrEihf wd;k wufrcijf rJa&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD G f _S _ kd kd (10) jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ESivwajrmufa&;'Drua&pDwyfO;D hf G f kd People's Progressive and Freedom Democracy Front (11) a&SaqmiftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD Forward National Democracy Front (12) 'Drdkua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@ Democracy and Human Rights Organization (D-H-O) ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm;t& D k f f 7-3-89 &ufae@rSpI rdrdwdk@.ygwDudk zsufodrf;ay;yg&ef em,u/ OuUESifh taxGaxG twG i f ; a&;r ; wd k @ tygt0if tvk y f t r_ a qmif t zG J @ 0if t m;vH k ; u wif j yvmojzif h ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu rSwywifxm;jcif;udk 1989 D kH D kd JG f f kH ckESpf/ rwfv (7) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (243) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? (13) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifhpD;yGm;zGH@zd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD The Peace and Economic Development Party of Union of Burma (14) ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDpepftzGJ@ (p-'-p) Real Democracy System Party ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm;t& D k f f 15-2-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwukd zsuor;f +yD;jzpfa=umif; OuU/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&; S d D f d r;ESihf wGzuftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;wd@k tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0if (5) OD;wd@k ud,wif J f k f kd vma&mufwifjyojzifh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu rSwykH D kH D kd f f wifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (208) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf?
People's Democratic Party for Stability of Freedom and Development
84
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (15) jynfaxmifpkwdk;wufzGH@zd;a&;tzGJ@ (jrefrmEdkifiH) Federal Development Organization (Burma) (16) jynfol@ausmif;om;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD People's Student Democratic Party (17) wd;k wufaom'Dru&ufwpfvi,frsm;tzG@J csKyf (jrefrmEdii) kd l kfH Progressive Democratic Youth League (Burma) (18) vpfb&,f'rua&pDygwD D kd Liberal Democracy Party (19) ArmhrsKd;cspfvli,ftpnf;tHk; Association of Burma Patriotic Youth (20) 'Drdku&ufwpfvli,frsm;tzGJ@ (rGefjynfe,f) Democratic Youth Organization (Mon State) (21) jynfo@l aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;ESivy&m;r_ygwD G f hf _ f S People's Solidarity and Action Party (22) 'Drua&pDorRwEdiiwnfwa&;wyfO;D kd kfH hH Democratic Republican Front (Burma) (23) jynfaxmifpkvli,fausmif;om;rsm;aygif;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ Youth and Student Union Association (24) &cdijf ynfn!wa&;ESi'rua&pDtzG@J k D G f hf D kd Rakhine Unity and Democracy Association (25) vlrsKd;aygif;pHkcspf=unfa&;toif;(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Society for International Friendship (Union of Burma) jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,f tenf;qHk; (3) e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfydifjcif;ryonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (290) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (26) ae&Sie,fygwD f National Party (27) &cdijf ynfo@l n!wa&;tzG@J k D G f Arakan People's United Organization (28) nD!Gwfa&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD Party for Unity and Peace (29) 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;tzGJ@ (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) (30) jynfaxmifpkvli,fygwD Union Youth Party
Organization of Peace and Welfare for Democracy (Union of Burma)
85
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (31) ausmif;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkygwD Students' Revolutionary Party for Democracy (SRDP) jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk; (3) e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfydifjcif;ryonfhtwGuf Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1990 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (23) &ufae@ &ufpyg kfH df hS D JG trdef@trSwf (290) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (32) vGwvyfaom'Dru&ufwpfjynfaxmifpygwD f kd k Independent Democratic Union Party (33) &Sr;f jynfajrmufyi;f vli,frsm;nD!wa&;ESiz@HG zd;wd;k wufa&;tzG@J kd G f hf Northern Shan State Youth Unity and Development Organization (34) vli,f'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Democratic Party for Youth Society (35) 'Drua&pD,=kH unforsm;aygi;f pnf;a&;tzG@J csKyf kd l Faithful Democratic Federation (F.D.F.) (36) &Sr;f jynfe,fv;kH qdi&m'Dru&ufwpfygwD kf kd Shan State Democratic Party (37) trsKd;om;tusKd;aqmiftzGJ@ National Promotion Forum (38) vGwvyfaomjynfo@l ygwD f Liberal People's Party (39) EdkifiHopf'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf League for New State Democracy (40) rsKd;cspf+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf Patriotic League for Peace (41) awmifwef;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Highlander's Democratic Party (42) &cdkiftrsKd;om;rsm;vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ Arakanese Peace and Human Rights Party (43) vlrsK;d pkaygi;f pnf;zG@H zd;wd;k wufa&;ygwD Federal Republic Development Party jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk; (3) e,fwGif0ifa&muf,SOfydifjcif;ryonfhtwGuf Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1990 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (23) &ufae@ &ufpyg kfH df hS D JG trdef@trSwf (290) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (44) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfjynfol@+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ People's Peace Organization of Union of Burma (45) jrefrmjynftusKd;yygwD
86
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Party for National Development (46) trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJ@ Organization of Students and Youth for National Politics (47) jrefrmEkiiowif;axmufrsm;toif; dfH Burma Reporters' Association (48) jrefrmjynfopfygwD New Burma Party (49) jrefrmEdiiv;kH qdi&mnD!waomvlrsK;d pkrsm;tzG@J csKyf kfH kf G f The Union of All Burma United Nationalities (50) 'Drdku&ufwpfvli,fnD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf United Democratic Youth League (51) trsK;d om;+idr;f csr;f om,ma&;ygwD (r-i-o-y) National Peace and Comfort Party jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk; (3) e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfydifjcif;ryonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (290) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (52) 'Drdkua&pDopfygwD New Democracy Party ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifrsm;tm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm; D k f f t& 10-3-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwuzsuor;f ay;yg&ef OuU/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&; S d D kd f d r;ESihf wGzuftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvm J f ojzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (10) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (244) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? (53) vlr_pepfqdkif&mtawG;tac:opfrsm;xGef;um;a&;ygwD New Ideology Improvement Party for Social System (54) jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygw/D &efuef rd? k People's Progressive Party Ediiawmftm; vufeufpuiIawmfveyeuefaeaom Armjynfuejf rLepfygwD aomif;use;f kfH JG kd f Sfkf G oltzGJ@tpnf;. ajray:tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfa=umif;awG@&Sd&onfhtwGuf aumfr&SifrS 1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@ &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (315) xkwjf yefI y,fzsuconf? JG f f hJ (55) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH'Drdku&ufwpftzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma Democratic League (56) jynfol@qENpdk;rdk;a&;tzGJ@csKyf Rule of People's Democracy League (57) tjrJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ rHk&Gmrd?
87
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Ever Green Young Men Association Ediiawmftm; vufeufpuiIawmfveyeuefaeaom Armjynfuejf rLepfygwD aomif;use;f kfH JG kd f Sfkf G oltzG@J tpnf;. ajray:tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif; awG@&&onftwGuf aumfr&SirS 1989 ckEp/f dS h f S pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@&ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (316) xkwjf yefI y,fzsuconf? JG f f hJ (58) jynfaxmifpk'Drdku&ufwpfuGef*&uf Union Democratic Congress (59) rdcif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf League for Mother Democracy (60) 'Drdkua&pDjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tzGJ@ Democracy Reformation League (61) jynfol@'Drdkua&pD&Sifoefa&;tzGJ@csKyf League for the Vitality of People's Democracy (62) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf National Solidarity League, Union of Burma (63) &cdivrsK;d pkrsm;nD!wa&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD kf l G f kd Rakhine Races United Democratic Party (RRUDP) (64) w&m;r#wr_ygwD Justice Party (65) trsKd;om;=uHhcdkifa&;ESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD National Fitness and Peace Party (66) trsKd;om;orRmorRwtzGJ@csKyf National Republican Federation (NRF) (67) ppfreaomtrsK;d om;'Dru&ufwpfvi,ftzG@J Sf kd l Genuine National Democratic Youth Organization (68) &DywfAvpfuifygwD Republican Party (69) 'Drdkua&pDnD!Gwfa&;wyfOD; United Democratic Front (UDF) ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifrsm;tm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm; D k f f t& 31-3-89 &ufae@rSpI rdrdwdk@.ygwDudkzsufodrf;ay;yg&ef OuUESifh taxGaxGtwGif; a&; r;wdk@tygt0if tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;uwifjyvmojzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;y a&;aumfr&Sifu rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ {+yDv (3) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (248) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? (70) awmifolv,form;ygwD (Armjynf) Peasant Party (Burma)
88
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (71) tvkyform;ygwD (Armjynf) Labour Party (Burma) (72) &Sr;f jynfe,fv;kH qdi&mvli,fausmif;om;rsm;+idr;f csr;f a&;tzG@J csKyf kf League for Peace of All Shan Youth and Students (73) b0opfygwD The New Life Party (74) trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk (r-e-w)/ rE Wav;rd? National Politics Front (NPF) Ediiawmftm; vufeufpuiIawmfveyeuefaeaom Armjynfuejf rLepfygwD aomif;use;f kfH JG kd f Sfkf G oltzG@J tpnf;. ajray:tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif; awG@&&onftwGuf aumfr&SirS 1989 ckEp/f dS h f S pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@ &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (314) xkwjf yefI y,fzsuconf? JG f f hJ (75) jynfaxmifpkzGH@zd;wdk;wufa&;ESifh w&m;r#wa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ygwD (y-z-w-v) Union Progress and Justice Action Party (UPJAP) (76) vrf;!$ef'Drdkua&pDygwD Guidance Democracy Party (GDP) (77) nD!wa&;tiftm;pktzG@J G f United Force Party (78) 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_ygwjD refrmjynf kd _fS Democratic Action Party of Burma (DAB) (79) zufqpfqef@usifa&;/ jynfol@vGwfvyfa&; rlvvli,ftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) Youth Organization of Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (Original) (Burma) (HQ) (80) ArmEdiiv;kH qdi&mvli,frsm;tpnf;tH;k (XmecsKyf) (A-v-p) kfH kf All Burma Youth League (Hqrs) (ABYL) (81) jynfaxmifpkvlrsKd;pkrsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) Union National League (Burma) (82) trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pD/ +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifhaoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (r-'-i-o-n) National Democratic Peace and Solidarity Party (NDPSP) (83) awmifov,form;ESitvkyorm; zG@H zd;wd;k wufa&; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (v-t-z-') l hf f kd Peasants and Workers Development Democracy League (PWDDL) (84) jynfo@l w&m;r#wa&;ygwD (jrefrmjynf) People's Justice Party (Burma) (85) 'Drdkua&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifolv,form;/ tvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Peasants and Workers League for Democratic New-Construction (Union of Burma)
89
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifrsm;tm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm;t& D k f f 31-3-89 &ufae@rSpI rdrdwdk@.ygwDudkzsufodrf;ay;yg&ef OuUESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r; wd@k tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmojzifh ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG f D kH D kd a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (31) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (247) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? (86) aoG;opfvli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) League of New Generations (Union of Burma) (87) jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfr_xGef;um;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (r-v-x) Burma's League for Liberal Evolution ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifrsm;tm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm; D k f f t& 31-3-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwuzsuor;f ay;yg&ef OuUESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&; S d D kd f d r;wd@k tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmojzifh ygwp'rua&pD taxG f D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufyGJusif;y a&;aumfr&Sifu rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (31) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (247) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? (88) &uQdKifausmif;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf League for Arakan Students and Youths (89) 'Drua&pDwnfaqmufa&;jynfo@l wyfO;D kd People's Front for Democracy Construction (90) jynfcspf'Drdkua&pDygwD (y-'-y) Patriotic Democracy Party (PDP) (91) wdk;wufaomjrefrmjynfopfygwD Progressive New Burma Party (PNBP) (92) jynfaxmifp.ppfreaom'Drua&pDygwD (jrefrmEdii) k S f kd kfH Union's Genuine Democracy Party (Burma) (93) 'Drua&pDygwpn!wa&;!Ge@f aygi;f tzG@J csKyf kd D kH D G f Coalition League for Democratic Party Unity (94) ytdk0f;trsKd;om;zGH@zd;wdk;wufa&;tzGJ@ Pa-O National Development Organization (95) r[mrdw'rua&pDXmecsKyf f D kd League for Democracy Alliance ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifrsm;tm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm; D k f f t& 23-3-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwuzsuor;f ay;yg&ef OuUESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; S d D kd f d wd@k tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmojzifh ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG f D kH D kd a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (23) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (246) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf?
90
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (96) uluD;csif;trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (u-r-p-y) Kuki Chin National Unity Party (KCNUP) (97) 'Dru&ufwpfjynforsm;ESi0efxrf;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J csKyf ('-y-x-c) kd l hf Democratic People and Retired Personnel Organization (DPRPO) (98) jrefrmjynfvtrsm;aumif;pm;a&;ygwD (qifjzLu|e;f rd) l Burma People's Welfare Party (Sinbyugyun) (99) jynfo@l tiftm;'Dru&ufwpfvi,ftzG@J csKyf kd l People's Potential Democratic Youth League (100) ppfrSefyGifhvif;I w&m;r#waom'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Real, Peace [Open], Just-Democratic Party (Union of Burma) (101) 'Drua&pDvr0ef;usiopfwnfaqmufa&;ygwD ({&m0wDwi;f - ykorf rd) kd l _ f kd d Democracy New Building Social Milieu Party (Bassein-Irrawaddy Division) (102) tm;rmefopf'Drdku&ufwpfr[mrdwfygwD New Strength Democratic Allied Party (103) awmifyi;f csi;f 'Drua&pDygwD (w-c-'-y) kd kd Southern Chin Democracy Party (SCDP) (104) vli,fausmif;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk Youth and Students Democracy Forces (105) rsKd;cspfjynfol@ygvDrefygwD Patriotic People's Parliamentary Party (106) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDw&m;r#wa&;tzGJ@csKyf National League for Democracy Justice (NLDJ) (107) ArmEdiiv;kH qdi&mvGwvyfaomtrsK;d orD;tpnf;tH;k (A-v-r-p) kfH kf f All Burma Liberated Women's Organization (108) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH z-q-y-v A[dkvli,ftzGJ@csKyf (Main) AFPFL Youth Hqs (109) t_dcsif;trsKd;om;zGH@zd;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (t-r-z-c) Asho-Chin National Development League (ANDL) jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk; (3) e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfydifjcif;ryonfhtwGuf Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1990 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (23) &ufae@ &ufpyg kfH df hS D JG trdef@trSwf (290) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (110) bufrvdkufjynfol@'Drdkua&pDygwD (b-y-'-y) Non-Aligned People's Democracy Party (111) rdcifjrefrmjynftzGJ@ Mikhin Bama Pyi Aphwe (112) trsKd;om;pD;yGm;ukefoG,fa&;tzGJ@csKyf (p-y-u-o)
91
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f National Economic League for Trade (113) trsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;qdk&S,fvpftzGJ@csKyf National Progressive Socialist League (NPSL) jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f tenf;qH;k (3) e,fwif 0ifa&muf,Of ydijf cif;ryonftwGuf $ f J G S h Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1990 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (23) &ufae@ &ufpyg kfH df hS D JG trdef@trSwf (290) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (114) &ifhusufaom'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Matured Democratic Party (MDP) (115) jynfol@ygwD People's Party (116) jynfaxmifpygwD (y-x-y) k Union Party (UP) (117) zuf'&,f'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (z-'-y) Federal Democratic Party (FDP) (118) a&S;dk;pOfvmjynfjrefrmtzGJ@ Conservative Party Burma (119) trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;trsKd;orD;tiftm;pk National Politics Women Force (NPWF) (120) trsK;d om;pD;yGm;zG@H zd;wd;k wufa&;tiftm;pk National Economic Development Force (NEDF) (121) trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;v,form;tiftm;pk National Politics Peasant Force (NPPF) (122) trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;tvkyform;tiftm;pk National Politics Labour Force (NPLF) (123) trsK;d om;a&;'Drua&pDwnfaqmufrygwXmecsKyf (r-'-w-y) kd _ D National Democracy Establishment Party (Central) (NDEP) (124) rsKd;cspfwdkif;&if;aq;ynm&Sifrsm;tzGJ@csKyf Patriotic Indigenous Physicians League (125) 0HomEkpw"mwfjyefvnfxe;f um;a&;ygwD (0-y-y) d f G Esprit de Corps Restoration Party (126) jynfo@l owif;axmufrsm;toif; (jrefrmEdii) kfH Peoples' Reporters Association (Burma) (PRA) (127) trsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk (r-n-w) National Solidarity Front (128) trsK;d om;Ediia&;'Dru&ufwpfvi,frsm;tzG@J (t-e-'-v) kfH kd l
92
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Organization of Democratic Youth for National Politics (129) 0HomEkvli,fygwD Patriotic Youth Party (130) jynfaxmifpom;rsm;ygwD k The Party of the Nationalities (131) rsKd;cspfvufHk;ygwD Patriotic Force Party (132) csif;trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD Chin National Unity Party (133) 'Drua&pD&ioef}uD;xGm;a&;or*~ ('-&-o) kd Sf Union for Revival and Development of Democracy (URDD) (134) trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;ESifhvli,fopfygwD National Unity and New Youth Party (NUNP) (135) aoG;pnf;cdirma&;wyfaygi;f pk kf Unification and Reinforcement Front (136) jynfo@l ta&;awmfyygwD kH People's Revolution Party (PRP) (137) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmifolv,form;A[dktzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma (Main) Peasant Organization (Headquarters) (138) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtvkyform;A[dktzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma (Main) Labour Organization (Headquarters) (also called Union of Burma Workers Central Headquarters) (139) csif;trsKd;om;vli,ftzGJ@ Chin National Young Men's Organization (140) e*g;eDygwD (jrefrmjynf) Congress (D) Party (Burma) (also called Nagani Party (Burma)) (141) jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDnD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (y-'-n-z) Union Democracy Unity Organization (142) tvkyform;tpnf;tHk;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (ArmEdkifiH) wD-,l-pD-bD Trade Union Congress (Burma) (143) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mawmifolv,form;tpnf;tHk; XmecsKyf (A-w-v-p) All Burma Peasant Organization
93
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&G;aumufyGJcHkHk;rsm;wGif uef@uGufv$m wifoGif;jcif;ESifh ppfaq;jcif;? 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27)&ufae@wif usi;f y+y;D pD;cJonfh ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumuf hS G h D kH D kd yGwif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cHxm;&ol ud,pm;vS,f (11) J G $ f kd f f k f OD;wd@k tm; oufqi&mud,pm;vS,avmif; (5) OD;ESihf rJqEN&if (6) OD;u oufqi&mod@k uef@uuvm kd f k f f S kd f G f $ wifoGif;cJhojzifh a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$m tr_aygif; (11) r_&SdcJhonf? a&G;aumufyuef@uuvm tr_ (11) r_ukd ppfaq;Edi&ef jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' JG G f $ kf $ f JG yk'fr 65/ yk'frcGJ (u) t& jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&tzGJ@u a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@ (5) zGJ@udk atmufygtwdkif; zGJ@pnf;ay;cJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@ (1) OuU OD;wiftkef;/ !$ef=um;a&;r; (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'Hk; tzGJ@0if OD;cifarmif/ !$ef=um;a&;r; (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;Hk; OD;jrifhxGef;/ 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;r; (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;Hk; a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@ (2) OuU OD;oef;wif/ w&m;a&;t=uHay; (t+idr;f pm;)/ A[dw&m;H;k k tzGJ@0if OD;xGef;&Sdef/ 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;r; (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;Hk; OD;pdk;armif/ !$ef=um;a&;r; (t+idrf;pm;)/ 0efxrf;a&;&mOD;pD;Xme a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@ (3) OuU OD;boef;/ w&m;ol}uD; (t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;Hk;csKyf tzGJ@0if OD;pdexe;f / wdi;f wm0efcH (t+idr;f pm;)/ Oya'0efxrf; f G k OD;tkef;oef;/ !Gef=um;a&;r; (t+idrf;pm;)/ 0efxrf;a&G;cs,favhusifha&;tzGJ@ a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@ (4) OuU OD;vSaomif;/ Oya'0efxrf;tqifh (1) (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'Hk; tzGJ@0if OD;cifarmifOD;/ Oya'0efxrf;tqifh (1) (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'Hk; OD;cspfaqmif/ !Gef=um;a&;r; (t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;Hk;csKyf a&G;aumufycHktzGJ@ (5) OuU OD;oef;armif/ 'kw,twGi;f 0ef (t+idr;f pm;)/ umuG,a&;0ef}uD;Xme d f tzGJ@0if OD;atmif=unf/ w&m;a&;t=uHay; (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;Hk; OD;azodef;/ w&m;a&;0efxrf;tqifh (1) (t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;Hk;csKyf uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;xm;onfh tr_ (11) r_rSm (1) OD;*sabmifve;f D S ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf csDazGrde,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ ucsifjynfe,f? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol OD;acgaqmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (2) a'gufwmr_xef
94
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f woD;yk*~v xef;wvefrde,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol OD;EGeftkyf/ csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (3) OD;0if;&Sef d woD;yk*~v ajrmifrde,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? uef@uuvmwifoi;f ol a'guwmausmEixe;f / rJqEN&if G f $ G f f kd f G S (4) OD;vSoe;f d trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf [krRvif;rde,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol OD;armifoGif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (5) OD;yDwmvif;yif woD;yk*~v jyifOD;vGifrde,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif;? uef@uuvmwifoi;f ol Advr; }u;D armifarmif (+ir;f )/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwD G f $ G k f d k G f (6) Edkifcifarmif rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ usKdufra&mrde,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ rGefjynfe,f? uef@uuvmwifoi;f ol OD;wifaiG/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf G f $ G kd (7) OD;cGexe;f vl (c) OD;xGe;f vl f G wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD [dkyefrde,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f uef@uuvmwifoi;f ol OD;apmzD;vpf (c) OD;zD;vpfqrf/ 0trsK;d om;zG@H z;d wd;k wufa&;ygwD G f $ G (8) OD;a&$, ureftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd ppfawGrde,fjynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ &cdijf ynfe,f? $ f J k uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol OD;armifomZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (9) OD;0if;udif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf bdkuav;rde,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ {&m0wDwdkif;? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol OD;jr[ef/ bdkuav;rde,f/ iydacsmif;aus;&Gm/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD rJHkudk,fpm;vS,f (10) a'gufwmpdefjrifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf bdkuav;rde,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;?
95
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol OD;wifqef;/ rJqEN&Sif (11) a'gufwmpef;atmif woD;yk*v ~ t*Fyl rde,fjynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ {&m0wDwi;f ? $ f J kd uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol OD;odef;xGef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;. udk,fa&;tusOf; (1) ucsifjynfe,f?
jrefrmEdkifiH.ajrmufbufqHk;tydkif;wGif wnf&Sdonf? ta&SbufESifh ta&SajrmufbufwGif wkwjf ynfo@l orRwEdii/H taemufbufwif tdE,EdiiEihf ppfui;f wdi;f / awmifbufwif &Sr;f jynfe,f kf G dN k f H S kd k G wd@k Eihf e,ferwcsi;f xdpyfv#u&onf? ajrmufvwWw'f (23) 'D*&D (27) rdepfEihf (28) 'D*&D (25) rdepf S d d f f dS D G S twGif;/ ta&Savmif*sDwG'f (96) 'D*&D (0) rdepfESifh (98) 'D*&D (44) rdepftwGif; wnf&Sdonf? {&d,m pwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (34379) us,0ef;onf? jynfe,frdawmfrm jrpf}uD;em;rdjzpfonf? kf f S ucsifjynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f (19) e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (12) cktm; udk,fpm;y ,SOf ydiol v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (91) OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (2) OD;/ f f kd f f ~ f kd f f pkpkaygif; (93) OD;0if a&muf,SOfydifcJh=u&m trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS (14) ae&m/ ucsifjynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&ufrS (3) ae&mESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS (2) ae&m toD;oD; a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
96
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1? umrdkif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;wifjrif/h trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;wifjrifhonf umrkdif;rde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (2550) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (48 96) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cH cJ&onf? usKd uvwf/ wkiuaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1924 ckEp/f rwfv (23) &ufae@wif tz OD;at;armif/ h f df l S G trd a':ode;f &ifw@dk rS zGm;jrifonf? OD;wifjrifonf ykZeawmif t&Sitm'dp0o trsK;d om;txufwef; h Gf f PH ausmif;wGif '\rwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1942 ckEprS 1945 ckEptxd bDtiat/ bD'at/ h Sf Sf kd f D yDbDtufzf wyfrawmftqifhqifhwGif yg0ifcJhonf? awmfvSefa&;t+yD; yJcl;cdkif jynfol@&JabmfwyfzJG@ ,m,D pnf;Hk;a&;aumfrwD 'kwd,OuUtjzpfaqmif&GufpOf qmay:xGef;tpdk;&u yk'fr (5) ESifh zrf;qD;cJ&m AdvcsKyfatmifqef;tpk;d &umva&mufrS jyefvnfvwajrmufconf? 1948 ckEprS 1957 h k f G f hJ S f ckESpf txd ukefonf/ 1957 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd yJcl;ckdifppfjyeftzJG@wGif wGJzuftwGif;a&;r;/ 1970 - 71 ckESpf wGif umrkdif;rde,for0g,r OuU/ 1978 - 89 ckESpfrsm;wGif umrdkif; ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzJG@OuU tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if (yxrqifh) &onf? 2? csDazGre,frJqENe,f? OD;*sDabmifrfvSef;/ ucsifjynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf? OD;*sabmrfve;f onf csazGrde,frqENe,fwif ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uf D S D J G kd Gf tm;udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (496) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (37 04) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? csazGrde,fZmwdjzpfonf? 1953 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (25) &ufae@wif tz OD; hJ D S G *scse;f abmrf/ trd a':verfw@kd rS arG;zGm;onf? axma*gaus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}uD;em;rd D tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (3) wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif (10) wef; pmar;yGJ udk (c) tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf/ yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJwGif tudjk zpfol csazGrde,fjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;*sabmifr,e;f .ud,pm;vS,tjzpf aqmif D $ f kd f D f d k f f &Guconf? 1975 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd/ tajccH (45) armfawmf,mOftoif;XmecGJ ud,pm;vS,tjzpf f hJ Sf Sf k f f aqmif&uconf? a&G;aumufyJG ,SOf yibufjzpfol OD;acgaqmif (wdi;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygw) G f hJ df k G f D rS uef@uuvmwifoi;f cJojzifh a&G;aumufyJG cHtrSwf (2) wGif =um;emppfaq;r_cc&onf? 1992 ckEp/f G f $ G h k H hJ S rwfv (6) &ufae@wif ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uftm; y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwpkH G kd Gf f kd f D 'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pD kd JG f h kd uGe*&uf ysujf y,fom;ojzifh OD;*sabmrfve;f onf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D tvdtavsmuf woD;yk*vtoGif f G D S D G k ~ odk@ ul;ajymif;oGm;onf? 3? ac:bl'Jre,frJqENe,f? OD;rzef;qif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rzef;qifonf ac:bl'J rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (1317) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (41 41) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S f hJ d f kH k kf _ f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &onf? 1953 ckEpwif arG;zGm;onf? ac:bl'J rd e,f wmbef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cdtmausm/f kSf G trd a':xk&efxef;csefwdk@.om;? OD;rzef;qifonf erfh&S,faus;&Gm tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif pwif ynmoif=um;I 'kuUeftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif; (ylwmtkd) wGif ajcmufwef;txdaecJhonf? OD;r zef;qiftygt0if ucsifjynfe,frSv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfonfh OD;a,mpD (ylwmtdk)/ OD;ausmf armif (rd;k ni;f -1)/ OD;=umjr (rd;k ni;f -2)/ OD;tifeef;*rf (rcsr;f abm) wdk yg0ifonhf tzG@J 0if (11) OD;wd@k onf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfA[drS OD;wifO;D ESia':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tm; xkwy,fjcif;udk rauseyf kd k hf f ojzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; jyif;xefpm_H cs+yD;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf ucsijf ynfe,f kd G kd pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD OuU OD;wifatmifO;D aqmifI 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wif jynfyod@k S G xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;tHk; (autdkiftdk) e,fajrodka&muf&SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,fyavmodk oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24) &ufaeY ucsifvGwfajrmufa&; tpnf;tHk; (autdkiftdk) (Kachin Independence Organization KIO) ESifh e0wwdk typftcwf &yfpa&;yvky+f y;D onfaemuf if;wdk (5) OD;onf ajrmufyi;f ucsivwajrmufa&;tpnf;tH;k (autdit) J h kd f G f k f kd e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5) &ufaewGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf? 4? aqmhavmfre,frJqENe,f? OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgifonf aqmhavmfrde,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ygwDtm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (158) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (41 36) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1947 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (4) &ufae@wif tz OD;acgiqef;/ trd f hJ S kd G f a':acgifa,mfwdk@rSzGm;jrifonf? aqmhavmfrde,f/ awmhvefaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? awmhvefaus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}u;D em;rd / tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) wd@k wif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / G 1970-73 ckEpwif jrpf}uD;em;aumvdyrS yxrESpf (0dZmwef;) atmifjrifconf? 1971 - 73 ckEpwif Sf G f hJ Sf G pma&;0efxrf; bde;f jzwfaq;H/k taxGaxGO;D pD;Xme (jrpf}u;D em;)/ 1975 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd aqmhavmf Sf Sf rd e,f ygw,epfaumfrwD0if/ twGi;f a&;r;/ 1974 ckEpEihf 1978 ckEp/f yxrESihf 'kw,t}urf a&G;cs,f D l SfS S d d wifajrmufyrsm;wGif aumfr&SitzG@J cJG tzG@J 0ifEihf twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? umuG,a&;OD;pD; JG f S G f hJ f csKyf. *k%fxl;aqmifvufrSwfESifh &JwyfzGJ@r;. emrnfaumif; vufrSwf&cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwpkH 'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif wEdiiv;kH twdi;f twm jzifcivrtenf;qH;k jzifh a&G;cs,f D kd JG G kfH k h kd f kH J wifajrmufcHcJh&onfh trsKd;om;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf? 5? qGrfy&mbGrfre,frJqENe,f? OD;aZmfte/f ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;om;'Drua&pDue*&uf? (uG,ve) d d kd G f f G f OD;aZmfteonf qGry&mbGrf rd e,frqENe,fwif ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pD uGe*&uf df f J G kd f tm;udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m/ cdkifvHkrJ (589) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (73 08) &mcdkifE_ef;jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1938 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (13) &ufae@wif tz OD;qifcg;aemif/ trd f hJ S k G a':pyf&,*sm; wd@k rzm;jrifonf? qGry&mbGrf rd e,f/ usem;,efaus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? u}u;D [l tpd;k & G f SG f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f rlvwef;ausmif;/ Aef;armf pdefvHkubm;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ qGrfy&mbGrftpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;wdk@wGif (10) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd ac:bl'J yyu (2) wGif rde,fwm0efcH/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1970 ckESpftxd rcsrf;abmrde,f ukefoG,fa&;wGif refae*sm/ xdrS 1971 ckEprpI 0di;f armfEijhf rpf}uD;em;ukeo,a&;wd@k wif wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD;/ 1976 ckEpwif k S f S k S f G f G Sf G t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf txd jrpf}uD;em;rde,for0g,rwGif twGif;a&;r;ESifh 'kw,OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1981 ckEpEihf 1985 ckEprsm;wGif jrpf}u;D em;rd e,fjynfo@l aumifpD d G f hJ SfS Sf tzG@J 0if (tif*sr;f ,ef) tjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@wif qENtavsmuf G f hJ S G jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS E_wxuconf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif ucsijf ynfe,f $ f kd f f f G f hJ S G trsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uftm; y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f kd Gf f kd f D kH D kd ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uf ysujf y,fom;ojzifh OD; f h kd Gf G aZmfteonf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D tvdtavsmuf woD;yk*vtoGio@kd ul;ajymif;oGm;onf? 2004 ckEp/f df D G k ~ f S Zefe0g&Dv (6) &ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf? 6? wEdkif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmifonf wEdkif;rde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm; yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (2771) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (64 16) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf k f S d f hJ d f kH k f jcif;cHcJh&onf? [l;aumif;tif0rfcef;Zmwd jzpfonf? 1927 ckESpf/ rwfv (15) &ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfatmif.om;? OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmifonf jrpf}u;D em;rd wGif (4) wef;xd ynm oif=um;cJI 1946-48 ckEpwif erf;rm;rd;k aumif; jynfo&abmfwyfz@GJ wif Akvatmifc/kd Advxe;f &ifw@kd Eihf h Sf G lJ G d f k f G S twlyg0ifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd ucsifvli,ftoif; aygifa,miftzJG@/ wEkdif;rd@e,f OuU/ 1952-62 (y-,-u-y) tzG@J A[daumfrwD0if 1974 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd wEdi;f rd e,fjynfo@l k Sf Sf k aumifpD OuU/ 1978-80 jynfe,faumifp0if tcseyi;f / 1981-85 wEki;f rd e,f ygw,epfaumfrwD0if/ D d f kd d D l wEdkif;rde,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rde,fOuUwm0ef ,lcJhonf? 7? aemifre;re,frqENe,f? G f J OD;trfqifqm;&f/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;trfqifqm;&fonf aemifrGef;rde,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD tm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m/ cdivrJ (2231) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (77 55) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ k f kH k kf _ wifajrmufjcif;cHcJh &onf? 1925 ckESpf/ ZGefv (3) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? tz OD;rkefa[mifxdemh. om;jzpfonf? aemifre;f Zmwd jzpfonf? aemifre;f atbDtrftpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}u;D em;rd refcef G G d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wd@k wif (10) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1956-57 ckEpwif G h Sf G jynfe,fynm0ef;kH wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ 1957-58 ckEpwif ylwmtdk rd c&pf,mef (tvu) vufaxmuf Sf G ausmif;tkyf/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd ygwD,lepfa&;&mr; (ylwmtdk)/ pnf;Hk;a&;r; (aemifrGef;)/ A[daumfrwD0if/ a'oygwaumfrwD0if/ a'oygwaumfrwDtwGi;f a&;r; ,m,Dwzufwm0ef/ 1974 k D D JG
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ac:bll'J/ aemifrGef;/ Aef;armf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd tvkyform;tpnf;tHk;A[dk OD;pD;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? wdkif;&if;om; pnf;vHk; nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifjzpfonf? OD;a,mpD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a,mpDonf ylwmtdkrde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (8695) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (49 1) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHchJ S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f &onf? 1948 ckEp/f {+yv (13) &ufae@wif tz OD;,mul/ trd a':zditibw@kd rS arG;zGm;onf? ac:bl'J S D G k f dk f D rd@e,f bD0gxefZmwd jzpfonf? OD;a,mpDonf ylwmtkdrde,f rk'Hkaus;&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ ylwmtkd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif ynmoif=um;cJ&m 1971 wGiowWrwef;atmifonf? 1981 G h f ckEprS 1983 ckEpf txd rmrlvaus;&Gmor0g,rqkiwm0efctjzpf aqmif&uonf? v,f,mtpnf; Sf S hJ df H G f tH;k OuUtjzpf aqmif&ucz;l onf? OD;a,mpDtygt0if ucsijf ynfe,frvwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; G f hJ S $ f kd f f jzpfonfh OD;rzef;qif (ac:bl')/ OD;ausmarmif (rd;k ni;f -1)/ OD;=umjr (rd;k ni;f -2)/ OD;tifeef;*rf (rcsr;f abm) J f wdkyg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if (11) OD;wdk@onf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS OD;wifOD;ESifh a':atmifqef;pk =unfw@kd tm; xkwy,fjcif;udk rauseyfojzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; jyif;xefpm_H cs+y;D / trsK;d f kd G om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;Hk;a&;aumfrwDOuU OD;wifatmifOD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wif jynfyod@k xuf cGmvmcJ&m/ ucsivwajrmufa&;tpnf;tH;k (autdit) G G h f G f k f kd e,fajrodk a&muf&c+hJ y;D xdrwqifh rme,fyavmodk oGm;a&mufconf? 1994 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (24) dS kS hJ S D &ufaeY ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;tHk; (autdkiftdk) ESifh e0wwdk typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf+yD; onfhaemuf if;wdk (5) OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;tHk; (autdkiftdk) e,fajrrS wqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5) &ufaewGif e0wxHjyefoGm;cJhonf? 9? Aef;armfre,frqENe,f? J OD;ykaxG; (Aef;armfndKEGJ@)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ykaxG;onf Aef;armfrde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (19433) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (70 54) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHcJh&onf? 1922 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@ zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;pk.om;/ OD;ykaxG;onf 1942 txd 1300 jynfta&;awmfy/kH ausmif;om;v_y&m;r_/ tm&Svi,ftpnf;tH;k aus;vufpnf;H;k a&;r;/ h fS l aus;&Gmpm=unfhwkdufr;ESifh twGif;a&;r;/ tm&Svli,fvufa&;pmapmif t,f'Dwm/ rlvwef;ausmif; q&mtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1942 ckEprpI Avpaus;vufpnf;H;k a&;r;/ ausmif;q&mrsm; tpnf; G f hJ SfS tH;k twGi;f a&;r;/ rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1948 ckEpwif cdiausmif;q&mrsm;tpnf;tH;k twGi;f Sf G kf a&;r;/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1955 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&m/ txufwef;jyq&m/ ajrjyef@e,f ynmtkyf/ 1962 - 75 rdbq&mtoif;/ tajccHjynfol@aumifpD twGif;a&;r;/ ausmif;aumifpD 'kwd,OuU/ trSwf (4) ynma&; aiGpaiGacs;or0g,r OuU/ rde,fjrefrmpmtzJ@G OuU/ vli,fa&;&m nausmif; k 8? ylwmtdk re,frqENe,f? J
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tr_aqmif/ 1962 ckEprS 1983 ckEptxd txufwef;jyq&m/ 1945 ckEprpI Aef;armfnKd EG@J uavmif Sf Sf SfS trnfjzifh pmaye,fokd@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif vufa&G;pOfuAsmrsm;pmtkyf xkwfa0onf? 1963 ckEpwif trsK;d om;pmayqkukd tk%O;D uAsmpmrljzifh yxrqk&onf? 1987 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v Sf G f S D (4) &ufae@u Ediiawmfaumifp. jynfo@l 0efxrf;wHqy/f +ir0yfyjd ym;r_Eihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rk;d a&;wHqyrsm; kfH D d df S df &&SdcJhonf? 10? jrpf}uD;em;re,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)? OD;jrarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;jrarmifonf jrpf}uD;em;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (10151) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (46 39) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;aqmh/ trd a':uGe;f wk@d rS 1920 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (16) &uf ae@wif hJ hS G arG;zGm;onf? 1938 ckEpwif ysO;f rem;rd atbDtrf[upul;Y q,fwef;ynmoif=um;aepOf 1300 S f G kd f jynfhESpf ausmif;om;oydwfwGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1942 ckESpf bDtkdifatwyfrsm; ysOf;rem;rdodk@0ifvmcsdef ausmif;aezuf Advwm&m/ Advawmufxef (&Jabmfo;kH usy) wk@d .pnf;H;k r_a=umifh bDtiatok@d 0ifchJ k f k f d d f dk f onf? 1939 ckEpwiausmif;rSxu+f y;D 1941 ckEpwif 'k@d Armtpnf;tH;k ok@d 0ifconf? xkrS bD'atok@d Sf Gf G Sf G hJ d D ul;ajymif;csef ocifwifxe;f (Advwm&m. tud) uac:,lI vli,fpnf;H;k r_aqmif&u&eftwGuf xGuf d G k f k G f cJhonf? vli,fpnf;Hk;r_ESifh EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;aqmif&Guf&if; 1945 ckESpf zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif wki;f (6) Y ocifwifxe;f .OD;aqmifr_ atmufwif ysO;f rem;rdY attufztz@GJ pnf;&mwGif yg0ifc+hJ yD; d G G f dk tvkyorm;or*~ (rD;&xm;ESipmwku) pnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1948 ckEpwif Armjynf f hf d f G f hJ Sf G uGejf rLepfygwawmck&mod@k ygc+hJ y;D 1949 ckEpwif Akvwm&mESitwl tvif;jyef0ifconf? u&ifoyersm; D d Sf G d f hf hJ lkf ysO;f rem;rdok@d 0ifor;f pOf Advawmufxe/f Akvwm&m/ OD;apmvif; (opfawm) wd@k Eitwl tpkd;& d k f d d f S hf wyfaygi;f pkz@GJ um autife'tEihf Auywk@d tm;wducuc&m aemufq;kH ysO;f rem;rdus+yD; &JabmfjzLESihf f D dk S k f kd f hJ Auywk@d .zrf;qD;jcif;udcc&onf? xkrS vlxw&m;cGiwif towfc&rnftcseY OD;apmvif; (opfawm) k H hJ d k f G H h df ESihf ucsif (1) wk@d ysO;f rem;rdod@k 0ifa&mufor;f ydupOf vGwajrmufconf? 1949 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmvwGif d k f f hJ S k ppf;kH csKyfo@dk Advwm&mESitwla&muf&+dS y;D &efuewif yk'r (5) jzifh zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&onf? 1951 ckEpwif k f hf kf G f hJ Sf G vGwajrmuf+yD; Ediia&;pdwueum vl0ifr}_ uD;=uyfa&;Xmeod@k 0ifa&mufconf? 1953 ckEprpI vuf f kfH f kf hJ SfS axmuf tifpyufawmf/ tifpyufawmf/ rd e,fr; wm0efw@dk xrf;aqmifcI 1980 jynfEpwif wm0efrS hJ hSf G t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1990 jynfEp/f ZGev (16) &ufae@wiu,vea=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG d hJ hS f Gf G f Gf D kH D kd a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1990 jynfEp/f Zlviv (3) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (897) JG f h S kd f G f jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yt+yD; yxrqHk;uG,fvGefonfh jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf? 11? jrpf}uD;em;re,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD; OD;Aspfwl;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf? (uG,fvGef) OD; OD;Aspw;l onf jrpf}uD;em;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru f J kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&pDue*&uftm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (6898) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (35 84) Gf k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1920 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (1) &ufae@wGif tz OD; OD;AspfaemftGef/ trd a':a'gi*&mcgw@kd rS arG;zGm;onf? qGry&mbGrf rde,f/ vmr*g;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD; OD;Aspw;l f f f onf 1939 ckEpwif wyfrawmftrSwf (2) Armhaoewfuiwyf&if;/ arrdwGif omrefwyfom;tjzpfrS Sf G kd f pwif0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D / wyfrawmfynma&;udqufvufqnf;yl;cJ&m tdE,wyfrawmfynma&; yxrqifh k h dN jzifh atmifjrifconf? 1942 ckEp/f 'kw,urBmppf}u;D twGi;f tmoHjynf/ tdE,Ediio@kd t*FvyppfwyfEihf hJ S d dN k f H df S twlyg0ifqkwfcGmcJhonf? 1944 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,t}udrf 0if;*dwfppfa=umif;jzifh jrefrmjynftwGif;odk@ *syefacsr_ef;a&;wGif 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufcJhonf? 1945 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfjyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd? 1946 ckESpfwGif trSwf (2) Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if;ESifhtwl tdENd,rS jrefrmjynfodk@jyefa&mufonf? 1948 ckEp/f ZGev (15) &ufae@wif Advtqif? 1948 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (27) &ufae@wif Adv}f u;D tqif? S f G k f h S kd G k h 1955 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (21) &ufae@wif Advr; tqiftjzpf tqifqifh &mxl;wd;k jrifconf? ,if; S G k f h h h hJ umvrsm;twGi;f wyfpr; / wyfcr; / wyfa&; Adv}f u;D / 'kw,wyf&if;r;/ wyf&if;r;wm0efrsm;jzifh oeu k JG k d (2) ucsi/f oeu (5)/ wyf=uyfoifwef;ausmif;/ cv& (1)/ oeu (1) wd@k wif tqifqifh wm0efxrf; G h aqmifcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif rtlyifcdkif/ cdkifvHkcHa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD OuUESifh oeu (6) wyf&if;r;? xdrS 1965 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (20) &ufae@wif wm0efrS t+idr;f pm;,lconf? 1948 ckEpwif k S D G hJ Sf G t*FvefEiiH [duuifwif ynmoif=um;&ef apv$wjf cif;cHc&onf? 1965 ckEprpI ukeo,a&;OD;pD; kd f k f h G hJ SfS f G f refae*sm/ jynfe,fueo,a&; refae*smtqifw@kd jzifh ucsijf ynfe,fwivnf;aumif;/ ucsijf ynfe,f kf G f h Gf a&G;cs,wifajrmufyaumfr&SiOuU/ jynfe,fvyief;ppf OuU/ jrpf}uD;em;rde,f ppfrxrf;a[mif;tzG@J f JG f kf _ OuU/ 1980 jynfEp/f (au-tdi-at) ESihf +idr;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;yGwif =um;vl}uD;wOD;tjzpf yg0ifaqmif hS kf J G &Guconf? wyfrawmfwix;l c|ecI (pDtif*s) qkvufrwEihf ol&aumif;rSwwrf;0if (2) }urf cs;D jrijhf cif; f hJ Gf f hJ D S fS J f d cHc&onf? 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (13) &ufae@wif use;f rma&;tajctaea=umifh v$wawmfu,pm; hJ S D G f kd f vS,tjzpfrS E_wxuconfjh yif/ ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uf A[dOuUtjzpfrvnf; f f G f hJ kd Gf k S aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; Ekwxuconf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif ucsijf ynfe,f S f G f hJ S G trsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uftm; y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y kd Gf f kd f D kH D kd a&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uf ysujf y,fom;ojzifh OD; f h kd Gf G OD;Aspfwl;onf ygwDrJhjzpfoGm;+yD; tvdktavsmuf woD;yk*~vtoGifodk@ ul;ajymif;oGm;cJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ arv (19) &ufae@wGif &efukefrd/ A[dkpnfaq;HkwGif c&pfawmfYtdyfaysmfoGm;onf? c&pfawmfY tdyfaysmfjcif; Adkvfr; OD;Aspfwl; (+idrf;) touf (80) (=unf; - 3678) (jrpf}uD;em;) jrpf}uD;em;rd/ pDwmylaus;&Gm/ aemif&m&yf/ trSwf (20) ae (OD; OD;Aspfaemfatmfef - a':a'gif u&mcg;) wdk@. pwkwajrmufom;/ a':rvdZGyf*smvHk. cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;/ a':*smbl (M.C.C.) - OD;
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aemfqi;f / a': vkatmif/ OD;abmifrrif - a':a*scg;awmif/ OD;qif0g;aemf - a':cg;awmrf/ OD;v&deatmif/ kd f kd f a':qdi;f vH/k armifw;l *sm/ armifwefcrf/ armifeefxe;f wd@k . cspvpmaom zcif/ ajr; (13) a,mufw@kd . k G f S G cspfvSpGmaomtbdk;onf 19-5-98 (t*F g)ae@ eHeuf (8 ; 15) em&DwGif &efukefrd/ A[dkpnfaq;HkwGif c&pfawmfY tdyaysmom;ygojzifh 23-5-98 (pae)ae@ rGe;f vGJ (1) em&Dwif jrpf}u;D em;rd / aemif&m&yfuuf f f G G G aetdrfY qkawmif;0wfy+yD; aemifeef; c&pf,mefokomefodk@ ydk@aqmif*loGif;o*[fygrnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 12? rdk;aumif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f =unfonf rd;k aumif;rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI J G kd f k f 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (14779) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (50 26) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;xGef;tkyf/ trd a':a&$wkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (25) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? rdk;aumif;rdZmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;=unfonf rdk;aumif;rd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif (7) wef; txdynmoif=um;cJonf? ud,yium;jzifh opfvyief;vkyonf? 1962 ckEpwif a':EkEEitraxmif h k f kd f kf f Sf G k S hf d f us+y;D om;orD;ajcmufa,mufxe;f um;onf? 1988 ckEp/f 'Drua&pDta&;awmfywif wufupmyg0ifchJ G S kd kH G GG onf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rde,fpnf;Hk;a&;r;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif tm%mydkif rsm;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+yD; 2001 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wif jyefvnfvwajrmufchJ hJ S G G f onf? 13? rdk;nif;re,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)? OD;ausmfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmarmifonf rk;d ni;f rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f J kd udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (21641) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(83 69) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rdni;f rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bv_i/f trd a':vSr,fw@kd rS 1944 ckEp/f azazmf0g hJ k d S &Dv (7) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? &Sr;f trsK;d om;/ Ak'bmom0ifwOD;jzpfonf? OD;ausmarmifonf 1962 G < f ckESpfwGif rdk;nif;rd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifhausmif;xGuf pmar;yGJatmifjrifonf? 1963 ckEpwif jrpf}u;D em;rd Y rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpf bDv;l tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifchJ Sf G onf? 1970 jynfEpwif a':wifat;ESivufxyfI om; (3) a,mufxe;f um;onf? 1975 ckEpwif h S f G hf G S f G rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd jynfe,fajy;ckefypfvufa&G;pOf/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1986 ckEptxd jynfe,fausmif;om;ajy;ckeypfenf;jy? 1988 ckEp/f =o*kwvwGiwm0efrS t+idr;f pm; S f f S f f ,lcJhonf? OD;ausmfarmiftygt0if ucsifjynfe,frS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfonfh OD;a,mpD (ylwmtd)/ OD;rzef;qif(ac:bl')/ OD;=umjr(rd;k ni;f -2)/ OD;tifeef;*rf (rcsr;f abm) wdk yg0ifonhf tzG@J 0if k J (11) OD;wd@k onf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfA[drS OD;wifO;D ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tm; xkwy,f kd k f jcif;udk rauseyfojzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; jyif;xefpm_H cs+yD;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd G kd ucsijf ynfe,fpnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD OuU OD;wifatmifO;D aqmifI 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@ S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wGif jynfyod@k xucmvmcJ&m/ ucsivwajrmufa&;tpnf;tH;k (autdit) e,fajrodk a&muf&c+hJ yD; G fG h f G f k f kd dS xdkrSwqifh rme,fyavmodk oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24) &ufaeY ucsifvGwf ajrmufa&;tpnf;tHk; (autdkiftdk) ESifh e0wwdk typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf+yD;onfhaemuf if;wdk (5) OD;onf ajrmufyi;f ucsivwajrmufa&;tpnf;tH;k (autdit) e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckEp/f ZGev kd f G f k f kd S f (5) &ufaewGif e0wxHjyefoGm;cJhonf? 14? rd;ni;re,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)? k f J OD;=umjr/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=umjronf rd;k ni;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (12374) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 05) jzifh a&G;aumuf wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ jcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;xifay:/ trd a':at;!Ge@f w@dk .om;jzpfonf? [kyifZmwdjzpfonf? 1939 ckEpzm; hJ d SfG jzpfonf? OD;=umjronf [dkyiftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;Y owWrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? erRw;D o=um;puf =uH0,f,a&;XmewGif (8) ESpf vkyuiconf? xkrS EkwxuI [dyifwif tajccsae l f kd f hJ d f G f k G xki+f y;D awmifovyief;jziftoufarG;onf? rk;d ni;f r@d e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J 0if d l kf h kd tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;=umjrtygt0if ucsifjynfe,frS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfonfh OD;a,mpD (ylwmtd)/ OD;ausmarmif (rd;k ni;f -1)/ OD;rzef;qif (ac:bl')/ OD;tifeef;*rf (rcsr;f abm) wdk yg0if k f J onhf tzGJ@0if (11) OD;wdk@onf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkrS OD;wifOD;ESifh a':atmifqef;pk=unf wd@k tm; xkwy,fjcif;udrauseyfojzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; jyif;xefpm_H cs+yD;/ trsK;d om; f k kd G 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf ucsijf ynfe,fpnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD OuU OD;wifatmifO;D aqmifI 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbm kd S v (23) &ufae@wif jynfyod@k xucmvmcJ&m/ ucsivwajrmufa&;tpnf;tH;k (autdit) e,fajrodk G G fG h f G f k f kd a&muf&c+hJ yD; xdrwqifh rme,fyavmodk oGm;a&mufconf? 1994 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (24) &ufaeY dS k S hJ S D ucsivwajrmufa&; tpnf;tH;k (autdit) ESihf e0wwdk typftcwf&yfpa&; vky+f yD;onfaemuf f G f k f kd J h if;wdk (5) OD;onf ajrmufydkif;ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;tHk; (autdkiftdk) e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5) &ufaewGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf? 15? rdk;armufre,frJqENe,f? OD;aomif;aiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;aiGonf rd;k armufrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI J G kd f k f 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (2954) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (45 44) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? tz OD;cifarmif.om;/ rd;k armufrd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckEp/f ZGev (9) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ S f G OD;aomif;aiGonf 1971 ckEpwif tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGatmifI &efue0ZmESioywuUovf Sf G J k f d h f d `H dk od@k wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJonf? 1975 ckEpwif 0dZm (Oya') bJ@G uvnf;aumif;/ 1977 ckEpwif h Sf G kd Sf G Oya'bJ@G uvnf;aumif; &&Sconf? 1978 ckEpwif Oya'0efxrf; tqifh (4)/ 1985 ckEpwif Oya'0ef kd d hJ Sf G Sf G xrf;tqifh (3)/ 1988 ckEp/f rwfvwGif Oya'0efxrf;tjzpfrS E_wxuconf? xd@k aemuf Oya' tusK;d S f G f hJ aqmiftjzpf toufarG;cJonf? rd@e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? h kd G l hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfol vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrEwxua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f $ f kd f f Sk f G f D kH D kd JG ya&;aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (4) &ufae@ &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (1010) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unm f S JG f cJhonf? 16? rHpDre,frJqENe,f? OD;a*strfaemfvm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;a*strfaemfvmonf rHpD rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (2434) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 48) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S f hJ d f kH k kf _ f &onf? rHpD rd e,f yef[waus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;*srarmfvqef/ trd a':azmfa&$&,w@dk rS 1929 k f f G f ckEp/f 'DZif bmv (21) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? OD;a*strfaemfvmonf pdevtpd;k &ausmif;/ Aef;armfrd S G f kH e,f a&mbwftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ q&m}u;D OD;rmrGef tvGwynmoifausmif;wd@k wif q,fwef; f G txdynmoif=um;cJonf? ucsiausmif;om;or*~ukd pwifz@GJ pnf;+y;D aemuf yxrOD;qH;k OuU wm0efukd h f xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1951 ckESpf/ yxrygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJY au'AvsLpDtzJG@. pnfHk;a&;r;/ 1952 ckEpwif iSuzsm; tifpyufawmfoifwef;qif;onf? 1953 ckEpwif iSuzsm;tifpyufawmf (jrpf}u;D em;)/ Sf G f Sf G f 1960 jynfEpwif iSuzsm;r;/ 1963 ckEpwif Aef;armfrd / ppfAsL[m (2) wGif ucsitrsK;d om;pnf;H;k a&;r;/ hSf G f Sf G f 1967 ckEpwif ygwau'goifwef; trSwpOf (15) qif;onf? 1986 ckEpwif wm0efrt+ir;f pm;,lonf? Sf G D f Sf G S d e0wumvwGif tm%mzDqefrj_ zifh axmif'%f (1) v/ '%faiG (200 usy) tjypfay;cH&onf? Aef;armfrd f e,f/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif 'kw, OuUESihf (4) rde,fpnf;H;k a&;r;wm0efw@dk ukd ,lconf? kd G d hJ 17? rcsrf;abmre,frJqENe,f? OD;tifeef;*rf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tifeef;*rfonf rcsrf;abmrde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (1532) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (37 53) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ylwmtkd rd e,f &Sref*gaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;tiferf;wrf/ trd a':cifvw@dk hJ S rS 4-3-1942 ckEp/f rwfv (4) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? OD;tiferf;*rfonf jrpf}uem;rd / trSwf (1) S G D ESihf trSwf (2) tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif e0rwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? rcsr;f abmrd e,f G h tifblawmhaus;&Gm tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;q&mtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhzl;onf? 197477 ckEpwif r@d e,for0g,r twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? xd@k aemuf awmifovyief; Sf G hJ l kf jzifh toufarG;cJhonf? OD;tifeef;*rftygt0if ucsifjynfe,frS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfonfh OD;a,mpD (ylwmtd)/ OD;ausmarmif ( rd;k ni;f -1)/ OD;=umjr (rd;k ni;f -2)/ OD;rzef;qif (ac:bl') wdk yg0ifonhf k f J tzGJ@0if (11) OD;wdk@onf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS OD;wifOD;ESifha':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm; xkwy,fjcif;udrauseyfojzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; jyif;xefpm_@H cs+yD;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f k kd G kd tzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuU OD;wifatmifOD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wif jynfyod@k xucmvmcJ&m/ ucsivwajrmufa&;tpnf;tH;k (autdit) e,fajrodk G G fG h f G f k f kd a&muf&c+hJ yD; xdrwqifh rme,fyavmodk oGm;a&mufconf? 1994 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (24) &ufaeY dS k S hJ S D
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;tHk; (autdkiftdk) ESifh e0wwdk typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf+yD;onfhaemuf if;wdk (5) OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;tHk; (autdkiftdk) e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5) &ufaewGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf? 18? a&$ulre,frJqENe,f? a':pdewif/ trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,ve) f d kd f G f a':pdefwifonf a&$ulrde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (11038) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (71 29) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bkd;atmif.orD; jzpfonf? a&$ulrdZmwdjzpfonf? 1923 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? a':pdewifonf a&$ul rd tmpDtrfausmif;rS (9) wef;/ armfvrdif rd armfwifve;f G f d ausmif;rS '\rwef;/ toD;oD;atmifjrifc+hJ yD; [du&m;*&dwf txufwef;q&mpmar;yGukd 1941 ckEpf k f J S wGif atmifjrifconf? 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfywif ausmif;om;v_y&m;r_Yvnf;aumif;/ *syefacwfwif hJ kH G fS G a&$ulrd tm&Svli,ftpnf;tHk;wGifvnf;aumif;/ a&$ulrd AvrptwGif;a&;r;tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&uconf? 1949 ckEprS 1952 ckEptxd rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1952 ckEprS 1958 ckEptxd tv,f G f hJ Sf Sf Sf Sf wef;jyq&m/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf toD;oD;aqmif&GufcJh+yD; 1984 ckEpwif wm0efrS t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1993 ckEpwif usi;f ycJonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufywif Sf G d hJ Sf G h JG G a&G;cs,cxm;&onfh ud,pm;vS,rsm; tpktzG@J rS wufa&mufconf? 1997 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (23) fH k f f hJ S D &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G; G $ f kd f f f G f D kH D kd aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS a=unmcJhonf? 19? 0dkif;armfre,frJqENe,f? 'l0g trf aZmfatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? k J G 'l0g trf aZmfatmif (c) Duwa M Naw Khan onf 0di;f armfrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (8229) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (37 83) kd f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1932 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (20) &ufae@wif tz 'l0g trf *Grf f hJ S G *sm (Du Wa Maran Gumja) trd a':t,fxka&mf (L Htu Raw) wdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? &Srf;jynfe,f ajrmufydkif;/ erRwlrd (abmfwGif;) Zmwdjzpfonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1951ckESpftxd jrpf}uD;em;rd K.B.S wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1951 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd jrpf}uD;em;rd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGifvnf; aumif;/ 1953 ckESpfESifh 1954 ckESpfrsm;wGif Aef;armfrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1954 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd Aef;armfrd ROBERTS High School wGifvnf;aumif; ynm oif=um;cJonf? 1957 ckEpwif Aef;armfrd / pdevpmppfXmerS wuUov0ifwef; atmifjrifconf? 1954 h Sf G f kH kd f hJ ckEprS 1956 ckEptxd ucsijf ynfe,fv;kH qki&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? Sf Sf df G f hJ 1957 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd ucsifjynfe,f. ucsif,Ofaus;r_ jrifhwifa&;tzGJ@ (Kachin Uplift Culture) wGif Aef;armfcdiv;qdi&mOuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1960 jynfEp/f {+yvwGif jrpf}u;em; k f kH k f G f hJ hS D D cdkifOuU OD;eefZdef;v/ 'k-OuU OD;r&efb&efqdkif;wdk@ESifh aemufqHk; ucsif,Ofaus;r_nDvmcHtpnf;
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ta0;udusi;f ycJonf? 1958 ckEprS 1964 ckEptxd vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;XmewGif wm0efxrf;&Guconf? k h Sf Sf f hJ 1964 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd KIA v_yf&Sm;r_ESifh rE Wav;rd eef;wGif;ppftusOf;axmifwGif (4) ESpf axmif'%fuscc&onf? 1982 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd ucsijf ynfe,f/ ucsiEpcsi;f c&pf,meftzG@J csKyf. H hJ Sf Sf fSf 'kw,OuUtjzpf c&pf,mefomoemvkyief;rsm; aqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEp/f ZGev (23) &ufae@wif d f G f hJ S f G pwifusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcH y%mrtpnf;ta0;wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ucsijf ynf kd e,f udk,fpm;vS,ftaejzifh wufa&mufcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (3) &ufae@wGif &efukefrd@Y ppfaxmufvr;f a&;ESihf &Jwyfz@JG 0ifrsm;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+yD; axmif'%f (7) ESpf csrwjf cif;cHc& S hJ S hJ onf? 2001 ckEp/f =o*kwv (13) &ufae@wif tif;pdeaxmifrjS yefvwonf? 2003 ckEp/f ZGev (1) S f G f G f S f &ufae@wif wkw-jrefrme,fpyfo@kd wr;f a&SmifvmcJ+h yD; xdrwqifh xdi;f jrefrme,fpyf vGwajrmufe,f G f d kS k f ajrwae&mod@k 2003 ckEp/f Zlviv (15) &ufae@wif a&muf&conf? ,ck tar&duefjynfaxmifpwif S kd f G dS hJ k G aexdkifonf? (2) u,m;jynfe,f?
jrefrmEdkifiH.ta&Sbufydkif;wGif wnf&Sdonf? ta&SbufwGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ ajrmufbufwGif &Srf;jynfe,f/ taemufbufESifhawmifbufwGif u&ifjynfe,fwdk@ESifh e,fedrdwfcsif;xdpyfv#uf&Sdonf? ajrmufvwWDwG'f (18) 'D*&D (30) rdepfESifh (19)'D*&D(55)rdepftwGif;/ ta&Savmif*sDwG'f (94) 'D*&D (40) rdepfEihf (97) 'D*&D (93) rdepftwGi;f wnf&onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (4530) us,0ef;onf? S dS kf f jynfe,rdawmfrSm vdGKifaumfrdjzpfonf? u,m;jynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f (8) e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (10) cktm; udk,fpm;y ,SOf yiol v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (32) OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (1) OD;/ df f kd f f ~ f kd f f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f pkpkaygif; (33) OD; 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh=u&m trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS (4) OD;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk; nD!wa&;ygwEihf u,m;jynfe,f vlrsK;d aygi;f pH'rua&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd rS (2) OD;pD toD;oD; a&G;cs,wif G f D S k D kd f ajrmufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? 'Darmqdk;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmifcsKd/ u,m;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifcsKdonf 'Darmqdk;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif u,m;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yi&m cdivrJ (2290) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (48 09) kd k f S d f k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wGif tz OD;aqmif;/ trd a':eef;jrwfwdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? eef;r,fcHk&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifcsKdonf 1963 ckESpfwGif tif;pdef pmppfXmerS wef;jrifausmif;xGuvufrw&pmar;yGukd atmifjrifconf? 1964 ckEprS 1967 ckEptxd h f S f J hJ Sf Sf ukeo,a&;0efxrf;? xd@k aemuf tvkyrxuI v,f,mvkyief;ESia&mif;0,fa&;vkyief; vkyuiconf? f G f fS G f f hf f f kd f hJ 1990 jynfhESpfwGif qefpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif tdrfaxmifusI om;av;a,muf xGef;um;onf? u,m;jynfe,fvlrsKd;aygif; pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if/ jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif twGi;f a&;r;tzG@J 0iftjzpf wm0ef,conf? k kd kd G l hJ 1993 ckEpwif usi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufywia&G;cs,cxm;&aom ud,pm;vS,f Sf G JG G f fH k f tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*vtjzpf wufa&mufconf? 1994 ckEp/f {+yDv (11) &ufae@wif trsK;d om;nDvmcH ~ hJ S G usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcsutrSwf (1094) jzifh trsK;d om;nDvmcH a&G;aumufywif a&G;cs,cH f f JG G f xm;&onfh ud,pm;vS,tpktzG@J nDvmcHu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS xkwy,fconf? k f f kd f f f hJ 2? 'Darmqdk;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;Apfwmav;/ u,m;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Apfwmav;onf 'Darmqdkrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif u,m;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (4614) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (6550) kd f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1949 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (19) &ufae@wGif tz OD;atjrav;/ trd a':avwD;&Sm;wdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? OD;Apfwmav;onf rlvwef;rS (9) wef;txd vGdKifaumfrd tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1969 - 70 ynmoifESpfwGif vomtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) rS wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifconf? 1973 ckEpwif ysO;f rem; pduf kd f hJ Sf G k ysK;d a&;odyoifwef;/ 1975 ckEpwif awmif}u;D q&mtwwfoif oifwef;wd@k o@kd wufa&mufatmifjrifchJ H` Sf G onf? 3? zl;qdk;re,frJqENe,f? OD;apmOD;&,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;apmOD;&,fonf zlqdk rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (1070) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (39 06) jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f cHcJh&onf? 1928 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (30) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? tz OD;wdk;&,f.om;jzpfonf? OD;apm&,fO;D onf owWrwef;txdynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / *syefacwfwif r[mrdwavxD;wyf trSwf (136) G f yifhulwHqdyfwGif tr_xrf;cJhI *srm'gtqifhjzifh *syefvufeufcsonftxd wkdufckdufawmfvSefcJhonf? ygvDref'Drdkua&pDacwf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif u,m;jynfe,fta&Sydkif; jynfol@v$wfawmftrwftjzpf 0ifa&muf,Of yiconf? 1974 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd zl;qd;k rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfchJ S d f hJ Sf Sf $ f kd f onf? u,m;jynfe,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif jynfe,fpnf;H;k a&;tzG@J 0iftjzpf aqmif&uchJ kd G G f onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dO;D pD;ESihf u,m;jynfe,fpnf;H;k a&;tzG@J OuUtjzpf aqmif&uchJ kd k G f onf? 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (23) &ufae@wGif pwifusif;ycJhonfh trsKd;om;nDvmcHusif;ya&; ndEd_if; aqG;aEG;yGEihf 1993 ckEpwiusi;f ycJonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd wufa&mufconf? 1996 ckEp/f Ed0ifbm JS Sf Gf h hJ S k v (15) &ufae@wGif vGdKifaumfrde,f/ "rRmHk&yfuGuf/ trSwf ("106) &Sd OD;apmOD;&,f.aetdrfodk@ tm%mydirsm;rS owif;t&0ifa&muf&mazG&m u&ifetrsK;d om;wd;k wufa&;ygwrS qufa=u;awmif; kf S D D cHvm/ aiGa=u;axmufyconfh oufaocHtaxmuftxm;rsm;/ OD;apmOD;&,fu,wif a&;om;ypkc+hJ y;D / $ hH hJ kd f kd 1993 ckESpfwGif yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhonfh u,m;jynfe,f jynfwGif;a&;ESifh jynfwGif;ppf jzpfay:vm&jcif; ta=umif;odaumif;p&m pmtkyEihf tjcm;pmapmifrsm; odr;f qnf;&rdcojzifh OD;apmOD;&,ftm; u&ifeD fS hJ aomif;use;f olrsm;ESitquftoG,f yum aiGa=u;axmufyjhH cif;/ cGihf ycsur&bJ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k hf f k nD!wa&;udxyg;apEdionfh w&m;r0ifpmtkytm; a&;om;yHEyxwa0r_rsm;jzifh H;k wifw&m;pGqc+hJ y;D / G f k d kf f k dS f k f J kd vGdKifaumfrde,fw&m;Hk;rS 1996 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (29) &ufae@wGif rw&m;toif;tufOya'/ yk'fr 17 (1) jzifh axmif'%f(3)ESpf/ 1996 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wGif 1962 ckESpf/ yHkESdyfolrsm;ESifh xkwfa0olrsm;rSwfyHkwifOya'udk jyifqifonfhOya'/ yk'fr 2 (u) jzifh axmif'%f (7) ESpf toD;oD; csrwconf? 2002 ckEp/f ZGev (21) &ufae@wif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? 2005 ckEp/f S f hJ S f G f G f S Zlviv (12) &ufae@ eHeuf (3) em&Dtcsewif u,m;jynfe,f/ vdKG ifaumf jynfo@l aq;Hwif uG,vef kd f df G k G f G onf? 4? zmaqmif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;apmwml;wl;/ wdi;&if;om;pnf;vH;nD!wa&;ygw? kf k G f D OD;apmwml;wl;onf zmaqmif;rde,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ygwDtm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (1621) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (51 94) jzifh a&G;aumuf wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1939 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (24) &ufae@wif tz OD;apmwifa&;/ trd a':aemf hJ S D G &,fl;wkd@rS arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmwml;wl;onf 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZmESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H ("mwkaA') bGJ@&cJhonf? 1970 jynfh ESpfwGif armfcsD;owWKwGif;pDrHudef;wGif 0efxrf;tjzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf? A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvf tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf (23) odk@ wufa&mufcJh onf? 1972 ckEpwif zmaqmif;rde,f evutwGi;f a&;r;/ 1974 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd zmaqmif; S f G S f S f rde,faumifpD OuU/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd zmaqmif;rd e,fygwD,lepf OuU/ ygwDnDvmcH ud,pm;vS,tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 2005 ckEpf =o*kwv (23) &ufae@wif xki;f -jrefrme,fpyfo@dk k f f G f hJ S f G d a&muf&Sdonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 5? abmvcJre,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifodef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;atmifoe;f onf abmvcJrde,frqENe,fwif wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&; ygwtm; d J G k G f D udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (697) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (48 88) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1940 jynfEpwif arG;zGm;onf? tz OD;pHqif.om;jzpfonf? vdKG iaumfrd Zmwdjzpf hJ hSf G h f onf? OD;atmifoe;f onf avmu"rRbe;f awmf}uD;ausmif;/ vdKG ifaumftpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;ESihf tpd;k & d k txufwef; ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1960 - 61 ynmoifESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGuf vufrw& pmar;yGatmifjrifonf? 1961 ck ESprS 1971 ckEptxd cdi0ef;kH wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ 1971 S f J f Sf kf ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd ygw,epfaumfrwD0if/ twGi;f a&;r;/ OuU (rd e,fjynfo@l ppfOuU yl;wGwm0ef)/ Sf Sf D l J ygwA[daumfrwD0if/ a'oygwaumfrwD0if/ a'oygwtwGi;f a&;r; ponfjzifh wm0eftoD;oD; xrf; D k D D aqmifcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpf txd zmaqmif;rde,f v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfcJhonf? 6? &Sm;awmre,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifwifonf &Sm;awmrde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (417) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (56 73) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;batmif.om;jzpfonf? 1935 ckEp/f =o*kwv (30) &ufae@wif arG;zGm; hJ S f G cJhonf? OD;atmifwifonf e0rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd rd@jy v#yfppfXme/ pma&;0efxrf;/ 1964 ckESpfESifh 1965 ckESpfrsm;wGif u,m;jynfe,f q-p-w-u twGi;f a&;r;? 1965 ckEprS 1967 ckEptxd ukeo,a&; (1) wGif vufaxmuf'ir; / 1967 ckEprpI S f S f f G f dk f S f S ukefonf vkyfief;jzifh toufarG;onf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D kH D kd usi;ya&;aumfr&Sif f a=unmcsutrSwf (1329) f (1358 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 6 &uf) (1997 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 14 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;atmifwiftm;u,m;jynfe,f/ &Sm;awmre,f/ jynfo@l v$wawmfrqENe,frS f J jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyjcif;? 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS u,m;jynfe,f/ &Sm;awm D kH D kd JG G kd rde,f/ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwif $ f J $ f kd f f ajrmufcHxm;&ol OD;atmifwifu rdrdonf touft&G,f}uD;&ifhvm+yD; usef;rma&;csKdwJhvmonfh twGuf ygwDEdkifiHa&;udpPrsm;udk qufvufraqmif&GufEdkifawmhygojzifh rdrdtm; jynfol@v$wfawmf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrSEkwfxGufcGifhyyg&ef ,if;.qEN tav#muf Taumfr&Sifodk@ wifjycJhygonf? 2? txufyg OD;atmifwif.wifjycsut& aumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'r f f $ f f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;atmifwiftm; ,ae@rpI &Sm;awmrde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS f hf S $ f J jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvduf f kd f f H f G fG k a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 7? vGKd ifaumfre,frqENe,ftrSwf (1)? J OD;bdk;oif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bd;k oif;onf vGKd ifaumfrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd udk,fpm;yI0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (6184) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(53 1) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;baomif;.om;jzpfonf? 1936 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (26) &ufae@wif arG;zGm; hJ S k G cJonf? OD;bd;k oif;onf 1953-54 ckEpwif u,m;jynfe,fausmif;om;or*~ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;? h Sf G ausmif;om;oydwacgi;f aqmif/ 1957 ckEpwif axmufya&; pma&;0efxrf;/ 1963 ckEpwif y-y-u f Sf G hH Sf G wm0efcH (zmaqmif;/ r,fperf) 1968 ckEpwif vdKG iaumfrd e,fueo,a&;0efxrf;/ 1973 - 74 ckEpwif hJ Sf G f kf G f Sf G evu/ vlr_a&; OuU/ 1985 ckESpfwGif jynfe,faumifpD0ifESifh jynfe,fw&m;a&;tzGJ@ (tcsdefydkif;)/ rd@e,f or0g,rtoif; 'kwd,OuUtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D kH D kd usi;ya&;aumfr&Sif f a=unmcsutrSwf (1330) f (1358 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 6 &uf) (1997 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 14 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;bdk;oif;tm;u,m;jynfe,f/ vGdKifaumfre,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,f trSw(1) rS jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm; f f kd f f H &oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS u,m;jynfe,f/ vGdKif aumrde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf $ f J $ f kd f f a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;bd;k oif;u rdronf touft&G,}f u;D &ifvm+y;D use;f rma&;csKd wJh H d h vmonfhtwGuf ygwDEdkifiHa&;udpPrsm;udk qufvufraqmif&GufEdkifawmhygojzifh rdrdtm; jynfol@
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sifodk@wifjycJhygonf? 2? txufyg OD;bdk;oif;.wifjycsuft& aumfr&Sifonf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya'yk'fr 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;bd;k oif;tm; ,ae@rpI vGKd ifaumfrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf f hf S $ f J (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf y $ f kd f f H f G fG vdkufa=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 8? vdGKifaumfre,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;wuf'Dbl;&D/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wuf'b;l &Donf vdKG iaumfrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; D f J kd f udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (6182) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (57 84) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1944 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (19) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? tz OD;armifarmif ausmf.om; jzpfonf? OD;wuf'Dbl;&Donf 1963 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifI 1967 ckESpfwGif &efukef wuUovrS t*Fvypmt"dujzifh 0dZmbJ@G &cJonf? 1968 - 69 ckEp/f txufwef;jy txu (2) vGKd if kd f df h S aumf/ 1973-75 ckEp/f avmyDwa&tm;v#yppfwif H;k 0efxrf;/ 1975 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd jynfe,f S f G S f S f aumifpDtvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@0if/ 1987 - 88 ckESpf/ u,m;jynfe,f or0g,rtoif;pk twGif;a&;r ;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1994 ckEpwif jynfwi;f rS xGucmcJ+h yD;aemuf 1995 ckEp/f Zlviv hJ S f G G fG S kd f (27) &ufaewif jyefvnfzJG pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tpnf;ta0; G kfH wGif 0ef}uD;csKyfHk; 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf? tckvdk etz uvkyfwJhudpP[m Oya't&bmrSw&m;r0ifygbl;? aemuf+yD; wzufu =unfh&ifvnf; enf;enf;awmh [moygyJ? a&G;aumufyGJrSm rJay;wkef;u rJay;wJhvlu ig; aomif; r&Sdbl;? tckusawmh usrod&oavmuf ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u wtdrfwufqif; vufrwtwif;xd;cdi;wJtcgusawmh/ _@H csrawGu ig;aomif;awmifausmaew,f? 'gawG S f k kf h J f [m wzufu=unf&ifawmh [moayg? wzufu=unf&ifawmh usrwd@k EdiiuoumusapwJh h h h k f H kd d Q vky&yfjzpfygw,f? f a':atmifqef;pk=unf bDbDpD toHv$if;XmeESifhawG@qHkar;jref;cef; (25-1-99) etzrSyvkyconfh jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDtzG@J 0if OD;oef;xGe;tm; t,Hk f hJ f kd f f t=unfr&Sd tqdkwifoGif;yGJtay: ajz=um;csuf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (3) u&ifjynfe,f?
ajrmufbufwif rE av;wdi;f ESihf &Sr;f jynfe,f/ ta&Sbufwif u,m;jynfe,fEixi;f Edii/H G W k G S hf kd k f taemuf bufwGif rGefjynfe,fESifhyJcl;wdkif;wdk@ wnf&Sdonf? ajrmufvwWDwG'f (15) 'D*&D (15) rdepfESifh (19) 'D*&D (25) rdepftwGif;/ ta&Savmif*sDwG'f (96) 'D*&D(10) rdepfESifh (98) 'D*&D (28) rdepftwGif; wnf&onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (11730) us,0ef;onf? jynfe,f. rd awmfrm bm;tHrd @jzpfonf? dS kf f S u&ifjynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f (14) e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (14) cktm; udk,fpm;y ,SOfydifol v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; (51) OD;wdk@ 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh=u&m trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfrS (10) ae&m/ rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ u,ef;trsKd;om; rsm; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ESifh u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm; tzGJ@csKyfwdk@rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD; a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? aumhu&dwfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ref;rifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ref;riat;onf aumhu&dwf rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf df J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (13379) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 53) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1937 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? OD;=umyGifh.om; jzpfonf? OD;ref;riat;onf rlvwef;ESitv,fwef;ynmudk aumhu&dwf rd wGivnf;aumif;/ txuf df hf f wef;ynmudk &efueA[dk tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGivnf;aumif;/ Oypmwef;udk armfvriaumvdyf kf f df
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wGifvnf;aumif; oif=um;cJhonf? toufarG;0rf;ausmif; arG;jrLa&;ESifhukoa&;ynm&yfukd tif;pdef arG;jrLa&;ESifh ukoa&;aumvdyfwGifvnf;aumif;/ a&m*gaA'ynm&yfudk *syefEdkifiHwGifvnf;aumif; oif,conf? arG;jrLa&;ESiuoa&;0efxrf; tjzpfvyouf (30) ausmf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1988 l hJ hf k k f ckESpfwGif &efukefwdkif; 'kwd,wkdif;OD;pD;r;wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? e0w ppftpdk;&u 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5) (n) jzifh jypf'%fcH&I 1991 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (25) &ufae@wif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsujf cif;cHc&onf? 1962 S k G f kd f f hJ ckEp/f rwfv (2) &ufae@wif AdvcsKyfae0if;tm%mrodr;f rDu u&ifjynfe,ftpd;k &tzGJ wif ynma&;ESihf S G k f G use;f rma&;0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / tm%modr;f +y;D 1963 ckEprpI ppftpd;k &u axmifxY SfS J (4) ESp/f (5) v =umr# zrf;qD;xm;cJonf? ta&;tcif;+y;D aemuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKywif A[dO;D pD; h kd f G k tzGJ0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ ZlvdkifvwGif e0wuzrf;qD;cJh+yD; 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27) &ufaewGif armfvrdiftusOf;axmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 2/ aumhu&dwf re,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)? J Edkifaomif;&Sdef/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? Ediaomif;&Seonf aumhu&dwf rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J kf df J f kd tm; udk,fpm;yI0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (10444)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (48 8) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz Ediausm/f trd rdvS riw@kd rS 1947 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (9) &ufae@wif hJ kf df S kd G arG;zGm;onf? o&ufawmaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? Edkifaomif;&Sdefonf rlvwef;ynmudk o&ufawm aus;Gmrlvwef;ausmif;wGif oif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1968 ckEpwif aumhu&dwf rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS Sf G wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif uefeDtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / 1974 ckEpwif wm0efrEwxuconf? xd@k aemuf Sf G S _ f G f hJ ukeonfvyief;jzifh toufarG;cJonf? rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J wif A[dtvkytr_aqmif/ vli,fa&; f kf h f kd G k f &mwm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1995 ckESpfwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuU OD;wifOD;ESifh taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd xde;f odr;f cHxm;&&mrSvwajrmufvm+yD;aemufyi;f G f kd rGetrsK;d om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpfonfh EdiaiGoe;f ESihf Edixe;f ode;f wd@k armfvrditusO;f axmifrS xyfrH f kf d kf G f vGwfajrmufvmonfhtcsdefwGif Edkifaomif;&SdefrS ppftpdk;&tm;xdk;ppfqif&ef tiftm;aumif;onfh EdkifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;w&yf zGJ@pnf;&efvdktyfa=umif; rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@xH t=uHywifjycJh&m rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J rtqdygt=uHycsuuvufcc+hJ yD; Ediaomif;&Sef udyif wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk f kd S k f kd H kf d k k Ediia&;ygwrsm;tm; qufvufpnf;H;k &ef wm0efay;tyfconf? OD;pGm Ediaomif;&SeEihf EdiaiGoe;f wd@k rS kfH D hJ kf dfS kf d &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;ombef;ESifhpwifaqG;aEG;cJh=u+yD;aemuf csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@ESifh qufvufaqG;aEG;cJh+yD; oabmwlnDr_&&SdcJhonf? xdk@aemuf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh qufvufaqG;aEG;&ef tcGifhaumif;udkapmifhqdkif;aecJh+yD; ppftkyfpkrS rnfonfhEdkifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;rqdk trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifhyl;aygif;ygu ta&;,lrnfjzpf a=umif; r=umc%owday;aeonf=h um;rS Edicifarmif=unf (trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf) . qufo,f kf kd G ay;csuft& trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh qufvufaqG;aEG;EdkifcJh+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;y
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aumfrwDukd 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wif atmifjrifpmzG@J pnf;Edic&m Ediaomif;&Seonf S G G k f hJ k f df jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwDay:aygua&;twGuf t"dutcef;rS yg0ifvy&m;cJowOD;jzpfonf? $ f k f f _fS h l 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJhonf? ,ck e,fomvefEkdifiHwGif aexkdifonf? 3? =umtif;qdyf}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSarmif/ rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? (uG,fvGef) t+ir;f pm; 'kw,Advr; }u;D OD;vSarmif (=unf;- 5496) onf =umtif;qdy}f u;D rd e,f rJqENe,f d d k f trSwf (1) wGif rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (2054) f J k f S f hJ k f kH rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 79) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1936 ckEp/f Zlviv (26) &uf k kf_ f hJ S kd f ae@wif tz OD;bd;k wpf/ trd a':rr}uD;wd@k rS arG;zGm;onf? +rdwf rd/ oef;zd&yf Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSarmif G k onf 'kw,wef;txd +rwf rd oef;zd&yfwif ausmif;aecJonf? 1945 ckEprS 1953 ckEptxd xm;0,frd d d k G h Sf Sf tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1954 ckEp/f =o*kwv (20) &ufae@ h S f wGif wyfrawmfo@kd wyfom;tqifh jzifpwif0ifa&mufconf? 1959 ckEp/f ZGevwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd h hJ S f 'kw,Advf ucsif (4)/ vdKG ifvif/ ppfui;f usKd if;wHw@kd wif aEGO;D ppfqifa&;YygI aoewf'%f&m&&Sconf? d k kd k G d hJ 1962 ckEpwif Advtqifh evu OuU/ ppfui;f / jynfcdi/f oJue;f / aygi;f wnfw@kd wif 1970 jynfEptxd Sf G k f kd k k G hSf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1971 ckEpwif e,fbufwm0efrS ppfbufwm0eftjzpf cv& (48) awmifil hJ Sf G wGif wyfa&;/ wyfcr; ponfjzifh atmifp;kd rd;k ppfqifa&;wGif yg0ifconf? 1972 ckEprS 1975 ckEptxd JG hJ S f S f tv,fyi;f wdi;f ppfXmecsKyf/ pcef;r; r*Fvm'H/k awmifil atmifp;kd rd;k ppfqifa&;wd@k wivnf;aumif;/ 1975 kd k Gf ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd wyfcr; Advr; / ppfa=umif;r;/ cv& (65) rdi;f wH/k usKd if;wH/k rdi;f jyif;/ rdi;f pyfe,f Sf Sf JG k f k k k ajrwdk@wGif rdk;[def; (1) (2) (3) ppfqifa&;wdk@wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1979 ck ESpfwGif wyf&if;r;/ cv& (97) aumhu&dw/f jr0wD/ bm;tH/ 1984 ckEpwif 'kw,Advr; }u;D tqifjh zifh wyfrt+ir;f pm;,lconf? ZeD; Sf G d k f S d hJ a':oef;arESihf om; (4) a,muf/ orD; (3) a,muf&onf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) &ufae@wif rsK;d cspf dS S G &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J tm; e0w trde@f trSwf (792) jzifh zsuor;f cJonf? od@k a=umifh 'kw,Advr; }u;D f d h d k f vSarmif (t+idr;f pm;) onf ygwrjhJ zpfom;I woD;yk*vtoGio@kd a&muf&om;cJonf? 1993 ckEpwif D G ~ f dS G h S f G usi;f ycJonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufywia&G;cs,cxm;&aom ud,pm;vS,rsm;tpktzG@J rS h JG G f fH k f f woD;yk*tjzpf wufa&mufconf? 2003 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (8) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;y ~ hJ S D G $ f kd f aumfrwD yHretpnf;ta0;rS tzG@J 0ifopftjzpf vufcconf? 2003 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (27) &ufae@wif kSf H hJ S k G armfvrdifrdaetdrfY uG,fvGefonf? 4? =umtif;qdyf}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;=uifodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=uifoe;f onf =umtif;qdy}f u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d J kd tm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (2398) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (67 3) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;ygt.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckEpwif a&;rd YarG;zGm;cJonf? oli,fwef;rS hJ dk Sf G h ajcmufwef;txd armfvrif rd wGivnfaumif;/ ajcmufwef;rSq,fwef;atmifonftxd =umtif;qdyf d f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f }uD;rdwGivnf;aumif;/ 1971 ckEprS 1975 ckEptxd armfvrdiaumvdywivnf;aumif; ynmoif f Sf Sf f f Gf =um;cJhonf? 1970 ckESpfESifh 1975 ckESpfrsm;u armfvrdifaumvdyfY jzpfyGm;cJhaom tpkd;&qef@usifa&; qENjyyGrsm;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifconf? 1976 ckEprwfvrS pufwifbmv (4) &ufae@txd Ediia&;jypfr_ J hJ Sf kfH jzihf armfvriaxmifwixe;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 0dZmbJ@G ukd (yx0Dt"du) jzihf &cJonf? 1976 ckEpwif df Gf d hJ h Sf G a':cifoef;jrifhESifhvufxyfonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpf txdrde,for0g,rtoif; (y) pma&;/ 1982 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd jyefoH vufaxmuf pm=unfwur; / 1985 ckEpwif =umtif;qdy}f uD; Sf Sf h dk f Sf G rd e,faumifp0if/ r@d e,fw&m;ol}u;D tzJ@G 0if (tcseyi;f )/ r@d e,faumfr&Sif twGi;f a&;r;/ 1988 ckEp/f D d f kd S ZGefv (20) &ufae@wGifzGifhvSpfcJhaom A[kdEkdifiHa&;wuUodkvf tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf (60) od@k wufa&mufc+hJ yD; oifwef;r+yD;qH;k rD =o*kwv (28)&ufae@wif =umtif;qdy}f uD;rd@e,fo@dk jyefvmcJ+h yD;/ f G ta&;tcif;umvwGif 'Drua&pDwuy0ifaeolrsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f cJonf? a&G;aumufyaumfr&Siwif ygwD kd dk f JG h JG f G rsm;rSwywifci&&S+d yD;aemuf =umtif;qdy}f uD;rdwGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf qki;f bkwwif&mwGif f kH G hf kd d f OD;aqmifcI tvkyrtem;ay;jcif;cH&onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf u&ifjynfe,fpnf;H;k a&;r;ESihf hJ fS kd r@d e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUwm0efw@kd ,conf? 1996 ckEp/f Zlviv (9) &ufae@wif zrf;qD; kd l hJ S kd f G xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) jzifh axmif'%f (7)ESpf csrSwfcJhonf? 2001 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wGif armfvrdifaxmifrS jyefvGwfonf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm; S f G $ f kd f S $ f k f vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;yaumfrwD OuUxHvdyfrlI vufrSwfa&;xdk; wifoGif;cJhol jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 5? zmyGefre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifoef;onf zmyGef rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkr J(2574) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62 34) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? zmyGef rde,f/ urarmif;aus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;v_i/f trd a':vSwifw@dk rS hJ d 1939 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifoef;onf urarmif;/ wkwfvSESifh bm;tHrd wk@d wiausmif;aecJ+h y;D ud;k wef;atmifconf? 1961 ckEpwif urarmif;tpd;k & rlvwef;ausmif; Gf hJ Sf G Y rlvwef;jy/ 1981 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf u&ifjynfe,fpnf;H;k a&; Sf G d hJ kd tzGJ@0if wm0ef,lcJhonf? 6? zmyGefre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;bat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bat;onf zmyGefrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (516) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 55) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1946 ckESpfzGm; jzpfonf? tz OD;}uD;&if.om;jzpfonf? OD;bat;onf 'kwd,ESpf 0dZm wef;atmifjrifcJhI 1965 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd zmyGefrd e,f ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if jzpfcJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 7? bm;tHre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apmcspfoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmcspoef;onf bm;tHrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f J kd udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (18272) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (71 69) jzihfh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? oxHkrdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;vif;/ trd a':vSa&$wdk@rS 1926 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&v (17) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;apmcspoef;onf oxHk rd t*Fvy-jrefrmtpk;d & txuf D G h f df wef;ausmif;wGif tXrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1942 ckEpwif jrefrmhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf h Sf G G f (bDtdkifat) Y *syefjyef &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if Adkvfr;^m%.wyf&if;wGif wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1944-45 ckEpwif oxHcdif u&ifajymufusm;tzJ@G zJ@G pnf;I jrefrmhwyfrawmf wki;f (4) ESihf wGzufI Sf G k k d J zufqpf*syefrsm;udk awmfvSefcJhonf? 1945 ckESpfwGif ref;bcdkif (tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD; usqHk;) OuUtjzpfaqmif&uaom u&ifvi,ftpnf;tH;k wGif oxHckif twGi;f a&;r;/ xkEpwiyif oxHcdif G f l k d dSf Gf k k z-q-y-v tzJG@wGif tvkyftr_aqmiftzJJG@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? yifvHknDvmcHusif;yaomtcg oHvGif ckirS u&iftrsK;d om;ud,pm;vS,f zmyGee,frO;D apmcspw;D xHo@kd apmzd;k ZH/ a'guwmapmvSxe;f wk@d df k f f S f f G ESitwlom;a&mufI rdrw@dk e,fajr&Svxonf jynfrESihf yl;aygi;f vkonfqEN&a=umif;udk today;wifjy hf G d d l k d h dS aqG;aEG;cJonf? vGwvyfa&;&+y;D aemuf 1948 ckEp/f atmufwbmvwGif apmzd;k ZH (AdvnKd cif)/ a'guwm h f S dk k f f apmvSxe;f / apmvlvw@kd Eitwl vJA;D (pf) wyfz@GJ I oxHcdiEihf usKurcdiw@dk wif jynfaxmifpk ryuJG G l S hf k kfS d QD kf G d a&;twGuf umuG,wucuconf? 1949 ckEpO;D ydi;f wGif u&iftrsK;d om;taysmwrf;wyfukd xyfrH f dk f dk f hJ S f k f zJ@G pnf;I jynfaxmifpuumuG,conf? xkpOfu a'guwmapmvSxe;f ESiapmvlvw@kd u Ekiia&; k kd f hJ d f G hf l dfH wm0ef/ apmbmomu pnf;H;k a&;wm0ef/ apmcspoef;u wducua&;wm0efw@kd ukd toD;oD;,lconf? f k f kd f hJ 1952 ckESpf/ yxrt}udrfygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJwGif oxHkcdkifajrmufydkif; jynfol@v$wfawmftrwf/ 1955 ckEprS 1960 jynfEptxd u&ifjynfe,ftpk;d &0ef}uD;tzJ@G wif ygvreftwGi;f 0ef/ 1960 jynfEpf Sf hSf G D hS a&G;aumufyGJ+yD; aemuf 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrwufrDumvtxd u&ifjynfe,f tpk;d &0ef}uD;tzJ@G wif ynma&;ESiuse;f rma&;0ef}uD;/ 1962 ckEp/f awmfvea&;aumifpD G hf S S f vufxufwGif u&ifjynf e,f OD;pD;tzJG@Y v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;ESifh opfawma&;wm0efcHtjzpf 1963 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (3) &ufae@txd aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmv (4) &ufae@ rSpI (4) ESpf/ (5) v=umr# awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpkd;&.xdef;odrf;jcif;cH&onf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif Edii*%&nfb@GJ ('kw,qif) cs;D jrijhf cif;cHc&onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[kO;D pD;/ u&ifjynfe, k f hH k f d h hJ kd d fpnf;Hk;a&;wm0efcH/ rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ jynfe,fpnf; wJGzufwm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&GufcJh onf? e0wppftpdk;&u if;tm; 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)/ yk'frcGJ (u) (c) ESifh (n) wdk@jzifh ta&;,lcJh+yD; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (9) &ufae@&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (1016) jzifh jynfolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrS y,fzsufcJhonf? aemif (10) ESpftwGif; yvkyfrnhf a&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOfydifcGifhudkvnf; ydwyifconf? e0wu if;tm; 1992 ckEp/f {+yDv (26) &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwf f hJ S G f $ ay;cJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 8? bm;tHre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;cspf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;cspfonf bm;tHrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (17574) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (59 24) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;axG;/ trd a':uGermwk@d rS 1948 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (10) &ufae@wif arG;zGm; hJ f S k G cJhonf? xHk;tkdifaus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;cspfonf 1968 ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef; pmar;yGJatmifjrifI 1972 ckESpfwGif at*sDwDtdkif (trfyD) jzifh pufr_ody`H tif;pdefrSatmifjrifcJhonf? pufr_vkyfief;jzifh toufarG;onf? 9? bm;tHre,frJqENe,f trSwf (3)? eef;cifaxG;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? eef;cifaxG;jrifonf bm;tHrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (3) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m rJay;ydici&ol (52590)/ rJay;ol (29737) &SonfteufrS cdivrJ k f S d f hJ k f G hf dS d h k f kH (18423) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (73 74) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz u&ifjynfe,f 0ef}uD;a[mif; (yxptpd;k &vufxuf u&ifjynfe,faumifpD OuU/ awmfvea&;aumifpD vufxuf Sf u&ifjynfe,fOD;pD;tzGJ@ OuU) a'gufwmOD;apmvSxGef;/ trd a':trmwdk@rS 1954 ckESpf/ arv (10) &uf ae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? armfvrdifrdZmwdjzpfonf? eef;cifaxG;jrifonf 1975 ckEpwif pD;yGm;a&; G h h Sf G wuUodkvf'kwd,ESpfY ynmoif=um;aepOf OD;oef@ta&;tcif; (6) vjynfh ZGefv ausmif;om;ta&; tcif;Y yg0ifvy&mr_jzifh xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1978 ckEp/f {+yDv (10) &ufae@wif xde;f odr;f cHc&mrS _fS hJ S G hJ vGwajrmufvm+y;D 1981 ckEpwif pD;yGm;a&;0dZmbJ@G ukd pmay;pm,ljzifh &,lconf? 1989 ckEpf txd f Sf G hJ S u&ifjynfe,ftcGeXmewGiwm0efxrf;aqmifconf? a&G;aumufy0ifaepOfumvwGif uyfv#uwnf&dS f f hJ JG f onfh tpd;k &ydia&cJpufucsevyI eef;cifaxG;jrif. rdom;pkyia&cJpuftm; urf;em;pnfyifom,ma&; kf kd f S f h kd f twGuf[kta=umif;jyI (4) &uftwGif; t+yD;zsufcdkif;cJh+yD;/ pufHka&SwGif ajrxdk;puf (Bulldozer) vm&yfxm;ojzifh zsuay;cJ&onfjh yif pufrS yg0grwmtm;vnf; zwfor;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1992 ckEp/f f h kH D d hJ S ZGev (23) &ufae@wif pwifusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&; ndEi;f aqG;aEG;yGo@kd wufa&mufchJ f G _d J onf? 1996 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (25) &ufae@wif &efuef rd od@k om;&ef ul;wd@k qyo@kd tqif;/ Zufqywif S G k G df df G if;pD;eif;vduygvmonfum;tm; ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS Zufa&,mOfay:od@k wufciray;bJwm;qD;cJh k f h S G hf ojzifh tdro@kd jyefvmcJ&onf? tdrta&muf trSwf (25) axmufvr;f a&;wyfrS vmac:+yD; wyfr; jzpfol f h f S Advr; }u;D cifarmif=unfrS di;f jypGm}ur;f armif;ajymqdqufqI xdnrSpI 1996 ckEp/f atmufwbmv k f k d k H k S kd (9) &ufae@txd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf (25) rS ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1997 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (9) &ufae@wif tzG@J csKyf (A[d) Y usi;f yrnfh jynfaxmifpae@tcrf;tem;wufa&muf S D G k k &eftwGuf&efukerdodk@ c&D;xGufvmpOf rGefjynfe,f/ oxHkrd/ ay:awmfrlaus;&Gm&SmazGa&;*dwfwGif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS if;.ypPn;f rsm;tm; ta=umif;rJ&mazGppfaq;cJojziftcsi;f rsm;cJ&m oxH&pcef;rS S hS h h h kJ jypfrqi&m Oya'yk'r (353) jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm; wm0ef0wW&m;xrf;aqmifpOfaESmif,ur jzifh _ kd f f h S f _ zrf;qD;w&m;pGJqdkjcif;cHcJh &+yD; 1998 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11) &ufae@wGif oufaoryg/ a&SaerygbJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tusOf;enf;jzifhppfaq;I tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f (2) ESpf jypf'%fcsrSwfI armfvrdifaxmifwGif xdef; odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? (2-2-2006) &ufae@wGif cifyGef;jzpfolOD;oef@Zif OD;pD;zGifhvSpfxm;onfh jr&Guf 0gusL&Siftm; Oya'ESifhrnD[kta=umif;jyI rde,f ynma&;r;rS w&m;0ifpmxGufIydwfyifjcif;udk cHcJh&onf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (677) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvjynfhausmf 2 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv 9 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,trnfua=unmjcif;? f k f f kd 1? bm;tHrde,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f trSwf(3)wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol (52590) OD;teuf (29737) OD;wdk@ qENrJay;=u&m ,if;wdk@ay;onfh qENrJrsm;teufrS cdkifvHkaomqENrJ (24983) rJ &&SdcJhygonf? ,if;cdkifvHkaom qENrJrsm;udk v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; toD;oD;u atmufyg twdkif; &&Sd=uygonf ?
pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;yonfh ygwDtzGJ@ trnf tpnf; jynfaxmifpk ytkdif;trsKd;om; rsm;tzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&; tzGJ@csKyf ('D+idrf;)? wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD &&Sdonfh qENrJaygif; 2526 18423 370 3664 &mckdifE_ef; 10 11 73 74 1 48 14 67
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f OD;pdefAdkvf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdefAkdvfonf jr0wDrde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (4283) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (75 87) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S f hJ k f kH k kf _ f &onf? wef@qnfr@d e,f/ a&OD;uke;f aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d oef@/ trd a':cspr,fw@dk . om;orD; f oHk;a,mufwGif ti,fqHk;jzpf+yD;/ 1947 ckESpf/ rwfv (15) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdefAdkvfonf a&OD;rd@e,frvwef;ausmif;rS 1953 ckEpwif pwkwwef;atmifjrifI 1965 ckEpwif uef@bvltpd;k & l S f G S f G txufwef;ausmif;rS e0rwef;atmifjrifonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd a=u;eef;qufpma&; (,m,D)/ v,fxepufjyif tqifh (3)/ 1969 ckEpwif q,fwef;f atmifI wd&p>mefarG;jrLa&;ESihf aq;uk Gf Sf G oa&;wuUovo@kd 0ifci&onf? 1975 ckEpwif wdarG;ukwuUov/f &efuerS ('DAtufp)bJ@G &cJonf? kd f G hf Sf G kd kf DG f h xkdESpfwGif a':aomif;&ifESifhvufxyfI om;orD;oHk;OD;xGef;um;onf? 1984 ckESpf/ =um;jzwfa&G; aumufyJGwGif rd@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0iftjzpf ta&G;cHcJh&+yD; oufwef;ukefqHk;onftxd aqmif&GufcJh onf? 1988 ckEpwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf tzJ@G 0ifjzpfvm+y;D jr0wDrd e,f pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwDwif Sf G kd G 'kwd,OuUtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1999 ckEp/f arv (20) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1457) jzifh jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f S G f f kd f tjzpfrS E_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 11? v_dif;bGJ@re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apmxGef;az/ u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmxGef;azonf v_dif;bGJ@rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm; tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (5142) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (50 46) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? tz OD;apmcGeq.om;jzpfonf? 1918 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (12) &uf f hJ f l S k ae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? zlqkd rde,f/ =uufz;kd }uD;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;apmxGe;f azonf wuUovf Gf h kd 0ifwef;udk awmif}uD;rd atbDtifef [dkufpul;rSatmifjrifcJhonf? 1941 ckESpfwGif 0dZmbGJ@udkvnf; aumif;/ 1959 ckEpwif Oya'0dZmbG@J uvnf;aumif;/ &efuewuUovr&&Sconf? 1948 ckEprS 1971 Sf G kd kf kd f S d hJ Sf ckEptxd rd ydi/f e,fyi/f rSwywift&m&S/d xdrS u&ifjynfe,fO;D pD;tzG@J twGi;f 0eftjzpf wm0eftoD;oD; Sf k kd f kH k xrf;aqmifcJh+yD;aemuf wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyfwGif OD;pD; em,utjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 12? vd_if;bGJ@re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmxGef;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;apmxGe;f vGionf v_i;f bJ@G rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f d J kd udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (8573) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (80 32) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;apmxGef;vGifonf tz OD;xDarmif/ trd a':zkef;a&$wkd@rS 1917 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? v_i;f bJG rd e,f/ axm&G&mZmwdjzpfonf? OD;apmxGe;f vGionf G h d JG f 10? jr0wDre,frJqENe,f?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1941 ckEpwif *s'qifaumvdyrS 0dZmbJ@G &cJonf? jrefrmEdii0efxrf;/ u&ifjynfe,f0efxrf;/ bm;tHcdif Sf G f f h kfH k 0efxrf;tjzpf 1972 ckEptxd aqmif&uconf? 1962 ckEpwif 0ausmxifb@GJ cs;D jrijhf cif;cHc&onf? Sf G f hJ Sf G f hJ 1978 ckESpftxd u&ifjynfe,f w&m;a&;OD;pD;r;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? oufjynfhyifpif,l+yD;aemuf tcgtm;avsmpm a&Saetjzpf vkuygaqmif&uonf? v,f,mudi;f u|e;f rsm;udk ud,wivyuichJ f G d f G f k k f dk f k f kd f onf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf? 0ausmfxif OD;apmxGef;vGif jynfe,fw&m;a&;OD;pD;r; (t+idrf;pm;) touf (84) ESpf u&ifjynfe,f/ bm;tHrd / trSwf (4) &yfuu/f o&zDvrf;ae (OD;xDarmif-a':zke;f a&$) wd@k .om;/ G (a': oef;rdif) t+idrf;pm;ausmif;q&mr.cifyGef;/ a':eef;oE WmvGif/ OD;apmrsKd;jrifhvGif-a':oJoJat;/ OD;apmpdk;xGf- a':eef;jzLjzLvGif/ OD;apmpdk;aemifxGef;-a':eef;at;at;wdk@.zcif/ ajr;udk;a,muf/ jrpfESpfa,mufwdk@.tbdk;onf 10-12-2000 &ufwGif uG,fvGefoGm;ygI 12-12-2000 &uf rGef;vGJ (1) em&DwGif pufypfuGif;okomefodk@ ydk@aqmifygrnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 13? oHawmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tm&fyDaomif;/ u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? OD;tm&fyaomif;onf oHawmifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm; pnf;vH;k D J nD!wa&;'Drua&pDtzG@J tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (3764) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f G f kd k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ (44 0) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;eDpaomif;.om;jzpfonf? 1922 ckEp/f atmuf f hJ D S wdkbmv (24) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tm&fyDaomif;onf tv,fwef;ynmudk (tmpDtrf) ausmif;/ awmifi/l txufwef;ynmudk pde@f ywmt*Fvytxufwef;ausmif;/ rE av;/ wuUovynmudk D df W kd f &efukefwuUodkvfESifh xdkrS zdvpfydkifEdkifiH/ reDvmwuUodkvfwGif jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;0dZmbGJ@&,lcJhonf? 'kw,urBmppftwGi;f (U.S. Army Det. 101) wyf tr_xrf;/ a&'D,atmfya&wmtjzpf 1945 ckEp/f d kd S rwfvtwGif; tif;pdefcdkif *sdK;jzLa'owGif avxD;jzifhqif;I bD'DatwyfESifhyl;aygif;um zufqpf awmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifqifE$JcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd rdydkif/ e,fydkif/ &efukefwdkif;jynfol@ aumifpwif 'k;kH tzG@J r; ponfjzifh wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmifc+hJ yD;aemuf oufjynfyifpif,conf? 'kw, D G h l hJ d urBmppf avsmfa=u;udpP/ ynmawmfoif/ tpdk;&a&mif;0,fa&; rpf&SiftzGJ@vkyfief;/ ponfwdk@twGuf *syefEdkifiH/ zdvpfydkifEdkifiH/ tDwvDEdkifiH/ taemuf*smreDEdkifiH/ 'def;rwfEdkifiH/ a[mfvefEdkifiH/ jyifopfEdkifiH/ t*FvefEii/H tar&duefEiirsm;od@k om;a&mufconf? u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&; 'Drkd kd f kd f H G hJ G f ua&pDtzGJ@ OD;pD;em,uESifh jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf obmywdtzGJ@0if wm0efrsm;,lcJhpOf e0w. 190 trdef@tm; qef@usifr_jzifh oufqdkif&mrSxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_ tufOya'yk'fr (5) (n) jzifh jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a&G; aumufyOya' yk'r (11) (n) ESihf +ipe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rkd JG f dG f kd f f f D kH D
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@pjJG zifh a=unm f S cJhonf? 14? oHawmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmApfwmcvdkuf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmApfwmcvkdufonf oHawmifrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (3798) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (67 76) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmcvdkufxGef;0if;. om;jzpfonf? oHawmifrd Zmwd jzpfonf? 1948 ckEpzm;jzpfonf? OD;apmApfwmcvduonf tajccHynmtxufwef;udk (c) tqifjh zifh SfG k f atmifjrifcJhonf? 1967-68 ckESpfwGif q&mjzpf wESpfoifwef;wufI 1968 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd vufaxmufrvwef;jy/ 1974 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd rlvwef;ausmif;tky/f 1981-82 ckEpwif tv,f l Sf Sf Sf G wef;jy/ 1985 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd oHawmifrd@/ rdr&yfuGuf jynfo@l aumifptwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? OD;apmApfwmcvduonf 1950 jynf@Ep/f ta&; D G f hJ k f S ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r (5) (n) jzifh jypf'%fc&I 1991 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (25) &ufae@wif v$wawmf H_ f H S k G f ukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufjcif;cHcJh&onf? jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf Ekwxuvonf/h rEkwxuvonfh f kd f f f G f kd f G f kd udprsm;rSm jynfo@l v$wawmfw&yfay:ayguvm+yD; v$wawmfOuUxHwifjyI v$wawmf. P f f f f tqHk;tjzwfudkcH,l+yD;rSom aqmif&GufEdkifjcif;jzpf&ygrnf? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yfr[kwfygojzifh rJqEN&Sifjynfol vlxku v$wfvyfI w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJrSa&G;aumufwifajrmufay;vdkufaom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk EkwfxGufonf[k v$wfawmf. qHk;jzwfcsufr&SdyJ/ a=unmcsuf r sm;rxk w f E d k i f [ k trsKd ; om;'D r d k u a&pD tzG J @ csKyf u oabmxm;ygonf ? tm%mydkifwdk@u +cdrf;ajcufr_/ t=uyfudkifr_ trsKd;rsKd;wdk@jzifh twif;t=uyfvufrSwfa&;xdk; cdkif;+yD;/ ygwDpkH'Drdkua& pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G; aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyvkdufa=umif; a=unmjcif;onf Oya't& w&m;r0ifyg? tm%mydkifwdk@u enf;rsKd;pkHtokH;yaejcif;ESifh ywfoufI pmjzifh&Sif;vif;atmif a&;jyIrukefEdkifonfhtajctae[k qdk&ygrnf? w&m; Oya'rJhyvkyfaeonfhudpP&yfrsm; jzpfygonf? OD;baX;/ OuU/ ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifodk@ trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSay;ydk@onfh pmtrSwf - 016pnf; (a&G;)97 &ufpGJ - 1997 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&uf rS
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (4) csif;jynfe,f?
jrefrmEdkifiHtaemufydkif;wGif wnf&Sdonf? ajrmufbufESifhta&SbufwGif ppfudkif;wdkif;/ awmif bufwGif rauG;wdkif;ESifh&cdkifjynfe,f/ taemufbufwGif tdENd,EdkifiHESifh b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHwdk@ wnf&Sdonf? ajrmufvwWDwG'f (21) 'D*&D (0) rdepfESifh (24) 'D*&D (15) rdepftwGif;/ ta&Savmif*sDwG'f (93) 'D*&D (15) rdepfEihf (94) 'D*&D (0) rdepftwGi;f wGif wnf&onf? {&d,mpwk&ef; rdiaygi;f (13907) S dS kf us,f0ef; onf? jynfe,f.rdawmfrSm [m;cg;rdjzpfonf? csi;f jynfe,fwif rJqENe,f (13) e,fY Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (8) cktm; ud,pm;y,SOf yiol G kfH D k f df v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (53)OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmf ud,pm;vS,avmif; (2) OD;/ pkpaygi;f f kd f f ~ f k f f k (55) OD;wd@k 0ifa&muf,Of ydic=hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (4) ae&m/ csi;f trsK;d om; 'Drua&pD S f kd kd tzG@J csKyfrS (3) ae&m/ Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&ufEihf woD;yk*vwd@k (2) ae&mpD/ r&mjynfo@l ygwEihf wdi;f &if; k f S ~ DS k om; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwdk@rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD;a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? uefyufvufre,frJqENe,f? OD;vdef;[m/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;vde;f [monf uefyufvurd e,frqENe,fwif wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwtm; J G k G f D udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (2361) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ &mcdkifE_ef;(36 72) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;[mxef;/ trd a':tGtrw@kd rS 1945 ckEp/f rwfv (3) &ufae@wif arG;zGm; hJ J Gf S G cJonf? OD;vde;f [monf uefyufvufrd tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ aqmrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; h wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhI 1969-70 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;udk (c) tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1970
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfEprpI uefyufvurd e,f ygw,epfwif vkytm;ay;/ 1971 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd rd e,fygwD hSfS D l G f Sf Sf ,lepf;kH wGif 0efxrf;/ 1974 ckEprS 1977 ckEptxd rd e,fvrf;pOfvi,f pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwDwif twGi;f Sf Sf l G a&;r;/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd rde,fygwD,lepf twGif;a&;r;/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd rde,fygwD,lepf OuU/ ygwDnDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,f/ csif;jynfe,fa'oygwDaumfrwD0ifjzpfcJhonf? 2? wD;wdef re,frqENe,ftrSwf (1)? J OD;iifhxef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;iifxefonf wD;wdef rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f h J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (5716) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (43 51) jzifa&G;cs,wifajrmuf S f hJ k f kH k kf_ h f jcif;cHc&onf? 1944 zGm;/ wD;wdeZmwd/ tz OD;Asvye;f / trd a':usiviw@dk rS 1944 ckEp/f rwfv (1) hJ f J fk hf G f S &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;iifxefonf zl;EGr;f &Gmtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynmpoifc+hJ y;D / G h h 1958 ckEpwif (4) wef; paumvm;&Sp&cJonf? ,if;aemuf Aef;wJtpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ wD;wdef Sf G f h h tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ xkwvitpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif ynmoif=um;cJ&m 1975 ckEpf f dk f G h S wGif q,fwef;pmar;yGatmifjrifonf? 1976 ckEpwif wGe;f ZHr@d e,f Oya'H;k wGif H;k tkypma&;}u;D tjzpf J Sf G f wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; pmay;pm,ljzifh Oya'ynmqufvufoif=um;cJh&m 1984 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@& onf? 1988 ckEpwif tvkyrEwxuI wD;wdef rd@e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif tzG@J 0ifc+hJ yD; S f G f S k f G f kd G pnf;Hk;a&;r;wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpf wGif a':[kefeJrfESifhvufxyfI om; (4) a,muf/ orD; (2) a,mufxGef;um;onf? 3? wD;wdefre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? ylusifh&Sif;xef (c) ylo#ef/ ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf? ylusi&i;f xefonf wD;wdef rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&uftm; ud,f hf S J k f k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (5418) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (41 51) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmuf S f hJ k f kH k kf_ jcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;qGr;f [ef/ trd a':anmifcef@usew@kd .om;jzpfonf? 1938 ckEp/f {+yv (6) &ufae@ hJ df S D wGif arG;zGm;cJonf? ylusi&i;f xefonf Zrf;yDtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ wD;wdef rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ h hf S rE av;rd wdi;f cspausmif;wd@k wif ynmoif=um;cJI 1958 ckEpwif q,fwef;atmifjrifonf? &efuef W k f G h Sf G k wuUovYqufvuf ynmoif=um;cJ&m 1963-64 ckEpwif csi;f ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuU/ xdrS kd f h Sf G k 1964 ckEpwif Ediia&;odybmom/ tjynfjynfqi&m qufqa&;bmom/ taemufwi;f ordi;f bmom Sf G kfH H` kd f H kd k ESihf t*FvybmompmpDpmuH;k wd@k jzifh 0dZmbG@J &&Sconf? xdEprmyif a':'Ge@f cifanmifEihf vufxyfonf? df d hJ kSfS S 1964 ckEprS 1967 ckEptxd &efuewuUovf Oya'ynmXmewGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJ&m 1967 Sf Sf kf kd h d hJ Sf G f ckEpwif 0dZm (Oya') bG@J / 1968 ckEpwif Oya'0dZm (LL.B.) bG@J &&Sconf? 1969 ckEpwif tvkyoif Sf G Sf G a&Sae/ 1971 ckESpfrSpI w&m;Hk;csKyfa&Saetjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? ylusifh&Sif;xefonf i,fpOf ausmif;om;b0uwnf;uyif EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;wGif wufuGpGmyg0ifv_yf&Sm;chJonf? 1961 ckESpf/ ZGev (8) &ufae@rS (16) &ufae@txd &Sr;f jynfawmifyi;f / awmif}u;D rd / pm;+re&yom taqmuftOD; f kd dfdf wGif usi;f yyvkyconfh jynfe,faygi;f pHnvmcH}u;D od@k csi;f ud,pm;vS,tjzpfwufa&mufconf? 1961 f hJ k D k f f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ckEpwif jynfe,frsm;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;tzG@J tvkytr_aqmif tzG@J 0iftjzpfaqmif&uconf? jrefrmh Sf G G f f G f hJ qd&,vpfvrf;pOfygwEihf tm%m&SiO;D ae0if;tm; tpOfwpduqef@usicowOD;jzpfonf? 1972 ckEpf kS f DS f k f f hJ l S wGif jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;twGuf jynfolrsm;xHrS t=uH^m%frsm; awmif;cHonfwif zuf'&,fa&;&mudp&yfrsm;ESiywfoufI a0zeft=uay;cJojzifh 1972 ckEp/f atmufwkd G P hf H h S bmv (30) &ufae@rS 1974 ckEp/f rwfv (3) &ufae@txd &efuef rd / ppfaxmufvr;f a&; A[dppfa=uma&; S k S k pcef;wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f ppfa=umjcif;cHc&onf? xd@k aemuf 1974 ckEp/f rwfv (4)&ufae@rS =o*kwv hJ S f (24) &ufae@txd rE Wav;tusOf;axmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1986 ckESpfwGif uav; rd e,fa&Sae}u;D rsm;tzG@J wif OuU tjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (12) &ufae@rS (19) G G f hJ S &ufae@txd uav;rd wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G; hJ $ f kd f f aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&+yD;puwnf;u wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmif/ ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf.OuU jzpfojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. teD;uyfapmifh=uyf=unfh_r_udk cHcJh&oljzpfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@wif e0wrS trde@f trSwf (792) jzifh Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&uftm;zsuor;f cJojzifh ylusihf G k f f d h &Si;f xefonf ygwrjhJ zpfom;I woD;yk*toGio@kd a&muf&om;cJonf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (12) &ufae@ D G ~ f dS G h S eHeuf (4) em&Dtcsewif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS aetdro@kd vma&mufzrf;qD;+y;D / &efuef rd od@k ac:aqmifum df G S f k vlrqefpm ppfa=umar;jref;r_ucc&+yD; rwfv (19) &ufae@wirS jyefvway;cJjh cif;jzpfonf? Ediia&; G kd H hJ Gf $ f kfH ygwrsm;tm; e0wrS zsuor;f aeonfumv 1993 ckEp/f arv (10) &ufae@wif uav;rd Y xrfrzrf;qD; D f d h S G H cHcJh&+yD; aetdrftus,fcsKyfb0jzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf (17) rSt&m&SdxH eHeuf (8) em&Dw}udrf/ nae (5) em&Dw}udrf owif;ydk@aecJh&onf? a&Saetjzpf toufarG;0rf;a=umif;vkyfief;udkyg vkyfcGifh ryojzifh rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&;tcufawG@cJh&onf? ZGefv (1) &ufae@txdjzpfonf? 'Drdkua&pDESifh vl@tcGifhta&;twGufqufvufaqmif&Gufojzifh 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufae@rS (24) &ufae@txd xyfrxe;f odr;f jcif;cHc&jyefonf? ppfaxmufvr;f a&;. nO;f yrf;ESypufra=umifh use;f rm H d hJ S d f _ a&;,dk,Gif;vmonftxdjzpfcJh&onf? ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&ufA[dkwGif OuUjzpfonf? trsKd;om; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu ppftm%m&Sirsm;rS 1990 jynfEp/f a&G;aumufy&v'ftm; taumiftxnfazmf kd f hS JG ray;ojzifh wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;yg0ifonfh jynfo@l vwawmfw&yfukd k $ f kd f f $ f r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (21) &ufae@wif a=unmcJt+y;D ppftm%m&Sif S f G h rsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol ylusifh&Sif;xeftm; 1998 ckESpf/ puf wifbmv (6) &ufae@rS 1999 ckEp/f rwfv (14) &ufae@txd &efuef rd wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJonf? S k h yxr &Jre&dS trSwf (220) ajcjrefwyf&if;wGif xde;f odr;f xm;cJ+h yD;aemuf ud;k rdic&dS ppfaxmufvr;f a&; G f k f JG S wyfpcef; wGiajymif;a&$I oD;jcm;csKyfaESmifxm;cJ&m ausmufuyfEitjcm;a&m*ga0'emrsm;jzpfym;cJ+h y;D / f h S hf G usef;rma&;csKd,Gif;vmojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? jyefvGwfvm+yD; &efukefrd/ qmul&maq;cef;wGif aq;0g;ukocJ&onf? 1999 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (16) &ufae@wif urBmuv h S kd G h k or*~ vufaxmuftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;csKyf rpPwmt,fvAmd'qwrS wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm; f k D kd kd k kfH D rS acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; &efuef rd &S/d ukvor*~z@HG z;d r_tpDtpOf;kH wGif awG@qc&mwGif yg0ifojzifh 1999 k kH hJ ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (3) &ufae@rS 2001 ckEp/f ZGev (15) &ufae@txd ppfaxmufvr;f a&;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f S k S f S jcif;cHc&onf? 2002 ckEp/f atmufwkd bmv (23) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD hJ S G $ f kd f wdk;csJzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifvmcJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (701) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv 10 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfukd a=unmjcif;? f kd f f 1? wD;wdefrde,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol (18180) OD;teuf (13674) OD;wd@k qENray;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfqENrrsm;teufrS cdivaomqENrJ (13021) rJ&&Scyg J h J k f kH d hJ onf? ,if; cdivaom qENrrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdi;f k f kH J f kd f f k &&Sd=uygonf
pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;yonfh ygwDtzGJ@ trnf tpnf; ylusifh&Sif;xef OD;pDAif=uL; OD;qGefusifhvsef ZkdrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&; tzGJ@csKyf ('D+idrf;)? wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD &&Sdonfh qENrJaygif; 5408 3159 1539 2915 &mckdifE_ef; 41 53 24 26 11 82 22 39
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2? odk@ygI txufygv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;teuf trSwfpOf (u) yg cdkifvHkaom qENrtrsm; qH;k &&Sonfh ylusi&i;f xefonf csi;f jynfe,f/ wD;wdef rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f J d hf S $ f J trSwf (2) rS a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 41 yk'frcGJ (*) ESifhtnD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 4? wGef;ZHre,frJqENe,f? wmefxefvsef;aygif/ ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf? wmefxefvse;f aygionf wGe;f ZHrd e,frqENe,fwif Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&uftm; ud,pm;yI f J G k f k f 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (3483) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (36 35) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? 1960 jynfEp/f {+yv (18)&ufae@wif tz OD;cgwcef@xef/ trd a':anmif;usiw@kd rS arG;zGm;cJh hJ hS D G f hf onf? wGe;f ZHrde,f/ yefrmvfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? wmefxefvse;f aygionf yefrmvfaus;&Gmtpd;k & G f G rlvwef;ausmif;/ axG;rGDtpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;/ wrl;rdtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynm
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f oif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd rHk&Gma'oaumvdyf/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd rE av;wuUovw@kd wif qufvufynmoif=um;cJum bDtufppD (*k%x;l ) bG@J &cJonf? 1984 ckEprS W kd f G h f f h Sf 1988 ckEptxd &efuewuUovwif r[modyaemufq;kH ESptxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1974 ckEprpI Sf kf kd f G H` f h SfS vrf;pOfvi,foifwef;/ vrf;pOfvi,facgi;f aqmif oifwef;/ vrf;pOfvi,frr;f rHoifwef;wd@k wufconf? l l l G hJ 1983-84 ckEpwif rE av;wuUovf csi;f wdi;f &if;om;pmayESihf ,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD twGi;f a&;r;/ Sf G W kd k wdi;f &if;om;pmayESihf ,Ofaus;r_aumfrwDtzG@J 0if/ 1985-86 ckEpwif &efuewuUovf wdi;f &if;om; k Sf G kf kd k ,Ofaus;r_aumfrwDtzG@J 0if/ 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmvtxd Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&ufwif taxGaxGtwGi;f S k f G a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (25) &ufae@wif A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0if G f hJ S D G k f tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) &ufae@wif e0w trde@f trSwf (792) jzifh Zdr;D trsK;d f G f hJ S G k om; uGef*&uftm;zsufodrf;cJhojzifh wmefxefvsef;aygifonf ygwDrJhjzpfoGm;I woD;yk*~vtoGifodk@ a&muf&SdoGm;onf? 5? xefwvefre,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmr_xef/ woD;yk*~v? a'guwmr_xefonf xefwvefrd e,frqENe,fwif woD;yk*vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m f J G ~ S d f hJ cdivrJ (7322) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (38 02) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;[Jor;f k f kH k kf _ f hJ G .om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckEp/f arv (16) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? 1966 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef; S G h S f G kd f atmifjrifI 1973 ckESpfwGif rE Wav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbGJ@ (trfbDbDtufpf) &cJhonf? 1973 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd rE av;jynfo@l aq;H}k u;D wGif tvkyoifq&m0ef/ 1976 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd Sf Sf W f Sf Sf wGe;f ZHrd e,fEihf zvrf;rd e,fw@kd wif vufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1981 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd xefwvefrd S G Sf Sf e,f q&m0ef/ xdrS 1989 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (23) &ufae@wif &mxl;rSEwxuconf? rd e,fq&m0eftjzpf k S k G k f G f hJ wm0efxrf;aqmifpOf yrt}urygwnvmcH ud,pm;vS,tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pwkwt}urf jynfe,f df D D k f f d jynfol@aumifpD (tcsdefydkif;) tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&GufcJhonf? a'gufwmr_xeftay: if;. a&G; aumufy,Of yibuf csi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS OD;EGetyrS a&G;aumufyuef@uuvm wifoi;f JG S d f kd f kf JG G f $ G cJojzifh a&G;aumufyctrSwf (5) rS =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHc&onf? ,cifu trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf h JG kH hJ kd tzGJ@0ifjzpfcJh+yD; tzGJ@csKyfA[dkESifh oabmxm;rwkdufqdkifojzifh tzGJ@csKyfrSEkwfxGuf+yD; woD;yk*~vtjzpf a&G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? 1992 ckESpfwGif usif;yonfh trsKd;om;nDvmcH usi;f ya&;ndEi;f aqG;aEG;yG/J 1993 ckEprS 1996 ckEptxdusi;f ycJonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHEihf 2004 ckEpwif _d Sf Sf h S Sf G jyefvnfusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd wufa&mufc+hJ yD;/ 2005 ckEpwif &efuewi;f / arSmbD rde,f/ Sf G k f kd f anmifEpyifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufywia&G;cs,cxm;&aom Sf JG G f fH udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJ@rS yg0ifwufa&mufcJhonf? 16-10-2003 &ufae@u csif;jynfe,f/ [m;cg; rd&Sd 0rRo;l armiftm;upm;O,smOfwif jynfaxmifp=k uHcia&;ESiz@HG zd;a&; toif;}uD;u}uD;r; usi;f ycJh G h kd f hf onfh EdkifiHawmfa&SqufoGm;rnfh rl0g'vrf;pOfckepf&yfESifhywfoufonfh EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf. rdef@cGef;udqdkaxmufcHyGJ vlxktpnf;ta0;Y obmywdtzGJ@0ifwOD;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 6? yvuf0re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmxe;f onf yvuf0rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f G J kd udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (3961) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (38 18) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1945 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (14) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? yvuf0rd e,f/ hJ S kd G h xGye;f 0aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vki;f zm;.om;jzpfonf? OD;ausmxe;f onf i&Sm;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef; Dk d f G ausmif;/ yvuf0rd tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;/ &efuef rd jynfaxmifptxufwef;ausmif;wk@d Y ynm k k oif=um;cJ+h y;D / wef;jrifausmif;xGupmar;yJG atmifjrifconf? 1965 ckEpwif yvuf0rd e,fueo,a&; h f hJ Sf G kf G f wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ xkrS 1967 ckEpwif r'D,mESivufxyfI om;oH;k a,muf/ orD;oH;k a,mufxe;f um; d Sf G hf G onf? 1972 ckEpwif yvuf0rd e,f evu twGi;f a&;r;/ 1974 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd yvuf0rd e,f Sf G Sf Sf aumifpD twGi;f a&;r;/ 1978 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd rd e,fvyief;ppf OuU/ 1984 ckEp/f 'DZifbmvwGif Sf Sf kf S ppfawGrdY wnf;ck&yompcef; 0,f,zivpjf cif;udO;D aqmifray;cJjh cif;twGuf rde,fjynfo@l aumifpD ddf l G hf S k _ OuUwm0efrS &yfqi;f jcif;cH&onf? 1985 ckEpwif pm;axG;kH csKyf/ &efuef rdod@k ajymif;a&$onf? 1989 dk S f G k ckEp/f rwfvwGif u|r;f usitqifh (8) &mxl;jzifh t+ir;f pm;,lconf? yvuf0rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pD S f d hJ kd tzGJ@csKyf OuUtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ csif;jynfe,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;Hk;a&;tzJG@0iftjzpf vnf;aumif; wm0ef,conf? 1992 ckEp/f ZGev (23) &ufae@wif pwifusi;f ycJonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcH l hJ S f G h usif;ya&;ndEd_if;aqG;aEG;yGJodk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? 7? yvuf0re,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? J OD;axG;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;axG;atmif (c) OD;xkyatmifonf yvuf0rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd f J ua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (2732) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (31 38) k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;cifwvd.om;jzpfonf? yvuf0rd e,f/ zvHacsmif;aus;&Gm f hJ k Zmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckEpwiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;axG;atmif (c) OD;xkyatmifonf 1959-60 ckEpwif Sf Gf h f Sf G yvuf0rd e,f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ 1964 ckEprS 1967 ckEptxd zG@H z;d a&;odyH` (ppfui;f ) wd@k wif Sf Sf kd G ynmoif=um;cJI 1965-66 ynmoifEpwif wef;jrifausmif;xGupmar;yJatmifjrifconf? 1967h Sf G h f G hJ 68 ckESpfwGif rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1969 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyq&moifwef; atmifjrifconf? 1973 ckEpwif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1974 ckEprS 1978 hJ Sf G Sf ckESpftxd yvuf0rde,fvkyfief;ppftzJG@0if/ 1978-79 ckESpfwGif rde,faumifpDtwGif;a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 8? zvrf;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? pDauwduuv/f csi;trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,ve) k f JG f d kd f G f pDauwduuvonf zvrf;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif csi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf k f JG f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (6137) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (64 53) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? Advr; wduuvf (t+ir;f pm;/ uG,ve) .om;jzpfonf? 1929 ckEp/f pufwif hJ k f k f JG d f Gf S bmv (20) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? pDauwduuvonf 1948 ckEprS 1954 ckEptxd tar&duef G h k f JG f Sf Sf jynfaxmifpo@kd ynmawmfoifom;a&mufconf? 1954 ckEprpI v#yppf"mwftm;ay;a&;tzG@J (jrefrmh k G hJ SfS f v#yfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;vkyfief;) wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&m 1971 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (31) &ufae@txd 'kwd,tif*sifeD,mcsKyftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (1) &ufae@rpI oufjynft+idr;f pm;,lconf? bDtufpp/D tdit;D tD;bG@J Eihf trfat/ tdit;D tD;bG@J w@kd S h hJ f kf S kf &&SdcJhonf? csif;trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif em,uwm0ef,lcJhonf? 9? zvrf;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmZvS,fxef/ csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmZvS,xefonf zvrf;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif csi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f f J kd tzG@J csKyf tm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Oyic&m cdivrJ (4753) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (50 28) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1944 ckESpf/ {+yDv (6) &ufae@wGif tz OD;[&ef&Sif/ trd a':acg vsepw@kd rS arG;zGm;cJonf? zvrf;rde,f/ uavrGe&mZmwdjzpfonf? a'guwmZvS,xefonf 1964 f JG h f G f f ckEpwif &efuef rd rdrtxufwef;ausmif;rS '\rwef;atmifjrifc+hJ yD;/ 1965 ckEprS 1977 ckEptxd Sf G k Sf Sf &efueaq;wuUovf (1) wGif q&m0ef (trfbbtufp) bG@J &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? awmf kf kd D D f h vSefa&;aumifpDvufxuf 1971 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (25) &ufae@rSpI EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'topf (rl=urf;) a&;qGa&;ESiywfoufI vkyom;jynforsm;xHrS t=u^m%frsm;ay;=u&ef J hf f l H zdwac:awmif;cHc&m zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpwnfaqmufa&;twGuf t=uH ycJojzifh 1972 ckEp/f 'DZifbm f hJ k h S v (17) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;trSwf (6) rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D 1974 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v G S hJ S D (3) &ufae@ jynfaxmifpq&,vpforRwjrefrmEdiiawmf zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'twnfyonfae@wif k kd S f kfH k h G tif;pdefA[dktusOf;axmifrS jyefvGwfonf? 1979 ckESpfrSpI uav;rd/ wm[ef;&yfwGif udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhxm;cJhonf? csif;trsKd;om; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif A[dOuUtzG@J tzG@J 0ifEihf rde,fOuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1989 ckEpwif kd G k S G f hJ S f G csi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ zvrf;rd e,f OuUtjzpf Ediia&;pnf;H;k r_rsm;aqmif&uaepOf wdi;f &if; kd kfH G f k G f_ om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwrS a'guwmZvS,xeftm; csi;f trsK;d om;wyfO;D (CNF) ESihf qufo,r&dS G f D f f onf[vy=f upypcojzifh ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS a'guwmZvS,xef. uav;rd / wm[ef;&yfaetdro@kd k k H G f JG hJ S f f f 0ifa&muf&mazGconf? rnfonfh oufaocHtaxmuftxm;r# &SmazGawG@&jdS cif;r&Sonftcg a'guwm S hJ d h f ZvS,xef.aetdrrS w&m;0ifcihf ycsujf zifxwa0xm;onfh Ediia&;pmtkypmwrf;tcsKd udk odr;f ,lc+hJ y;D f f G h k f kfH f yHkESdyftufOya'jzifh tr_qifw&m;pGJqdkjcif;cHcJh&onf? tmrcHjzifhtr_&ifqdkifaepOf 1990 jynfhESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif zvrf; (2) rJqENe,frS a'gufwmZvS,fxef tEdkif&&SdcJhonfhtcg tm%mydkifrsm;rS tqdkygtr_jzifh zrf;qD;axmifcs&ef pDrHvkyfaqmifvmcJhonf? aemufqHk; w&m;Hk;tr_csdef;&ufjzpfonfh 21-12-90 &ufae@wif 0&rf;xkwI zrf;qD;&efvyaqmifvmonfukd uwifo&&ojzifh 17-12-90 G f kf d d dS &ufae@wGif uav;rd wm[ef;&yfaetdrfrS tdENd,EdkifiHodk@ xGufcGmwdrf;a&SmifcJhonf? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (22) D kH D kd JG f S D
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (914) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf G f $ f kd f f jcif;cHxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; a=unmcJonf? ,if;a=unmcsuwif a'guwmZvS,xefonf f h f G f f yHEyorsm;ESihf xkwa0olrsm;rSwywifOya' yk'r (20) tm; usL;vGecojzifh uav;rde,fw&m;H;k . k dS f l f f kH f f hJ jypfr_}uD;trSwf (13790) t& ta&;,lv#uf&SdpOf ,if;onf tdENd,EdkifiH/ rDZdk&rfjynfe,f/ tdkufaZm rdodk@ wdrf;a&Smifaexdkifv#uf&SdonfhtwGuf w&m;cHajy;tjzpf a=unmxm;a=umif;/ oufqdkif&m w&m;H;k .pD&ifcsuwif azmfjyxm;onfuawG@&&ojzifh OD;ZvS,xefonf EdiijH cm;wdi;f jynfwjynfwif f G kd dS f kf k G aexdkifjcif;tm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&.aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha&Smufjcif;ryawmhbJ EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&.vufatmufcHtjzpf a&muf&Sdaeonfudk awG@&Sd&onf? odk@ygI OD;ZvS,fxefonf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (11) yk'rcGJ (C) ESihf +idpe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; $ f JG f f G $ f kd f vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr&Sdawmha=umif;ESifh ,if; tm; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsufvdkuf a=umif;azmfjyyg&onf? xd@k jyif 1991 ckEp/f Zlviv (12) &ufae@wif csi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS dS S kd f G kd a'gufwmZvS,fxeftm; xkwfy,fcJhonf? 10? rwlyDre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;dktkyf/ r&mjynfol@ygwD (r-y-y)? OD;dtyonf rwlyD rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif r&mjynfo@l ygwD (r-y-y) tm; ud,pm; k kf J k f yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (3450) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (34 13) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmuf jcif;cHcJh&onf? rwlyDrde,f/ wD;qD;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSaxG;/ trd a':aeulwdk@rS 1957 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (3) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? OD;dktkyfonf wD;qD;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ vdkufvif;yD tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rkwWr tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1981-82 ynmoifEpwif q,fwef;atmifjrifconf? 1983-84 ckEpwif =unfjh rifwif a'oaumvdyf (3) wGif Sf G hJ Sf G kd yxrESpfESifh 'kwd,ESpfwdk@udk wufa&mufatmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1986-87 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf (yifr) wGif wwd,ESpoifwef;od@k wufa&mufconf? rkwrtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh f hJ W pOfu ynmxl;c|efqk&cJhonf? wuUodkvf'kwd,ESpfESifh wwd,ESpfrsm;wGif r&me,fvHk;qdkif&m ausmif; om;rsm;tpnf;tH;k OuUtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ rwlyD rd e,f wuUovausmif;om;rsm;toif;wGivnf; kd f f aumif; yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@wGif e0wrS trdef@trSwf (792) jzifh r&mjynfol@ygwDtm; zsufodrf;vdkufojzifh OD;dktkyfonf ygwDrJhjzpfoGm;um woD;yk*~vtoGifodk@ a&muf&SdoGm;onf? 11? rwlyDre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;onf rwlyDrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (4417) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (47 51) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rwlyD rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cdw/kH trd a':axG&ifw@dk rS 1947 ckEp/f f hJ S pufwifbmv (4) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;onf avuef;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef; G h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ausmif;/ pmvfawmif&Gm tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rwlyDrdtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;/ rif;wyfrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1964 ckEprS 1967 ckEptxd ppfui;f / wdi;f G h Sf Sf kd k &if;om;zG@Hzd;a&;ody`H trSwfpOf (1)odk@ wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1973 ckESpftxd rlvwef;ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;/ 1973 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd rwlyDrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1981 ckEpwif A[dEiia&;wuUovwif tvkyorm;pDrcef@croifwef;wufchJ S f G k dk f H kd f G f H GJ _ onf? 1984 ckEpwif t,fvt,fvbb@GJ Eihf 1987 ckEpwif bDt;D 'Db@GJ &onf? 1981 ckEprS 1985 Sf G f f D S Sf G Sf ckEptxd rwlyD rd e,fjynfo@l aumifpD tvkytr_aqmiftzG@0if/ 1986 ckEpwif tajccHEiia&;oifwef; Sf f J Sf G dk f H wufconf? 1989 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmvtxd tv,fwef;ausmif;tkywm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D a&G;aumufyGJ hJ S k f wGif yg0if,Of ydita&G;cH&eftwGuf 1989 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@rpI vuf&&mxl;rSEwxuchJ S f S S dS _ f G f onf? 12? rif;wyfre,frJqENe,f? OD;&Sdef;azvdef;/ csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;&Se;f azvde;f onf rif;wyfrd e,frqENe,fwif csi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; d J G kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (5542) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (42 09) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmuf jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;edef&Sdef;az/ trd a':xef;vD;_wdk@rS 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;&Sdef;azvdef;onf vSdHk;&Gmbkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;/ rif;wyftpdk;& txufwef;ausmif; wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m pwkwwef;ESifh owWrwef;wdk@wGif paumvm;&Spf&cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifausmif;xGupmar;yGatmifjrifI 1958 ckEpwif rif;wyfrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;Y tv,f h f J Sf G wef;jy q&m0ifvyonf? 1959 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efueq&mtwwfoifwif kf Sf G kd f kf G tv,fwef;jyoifwef;wufconf? 1960 jynfEprS 1984 ckEptxd tv,fwef;jyq&mESihf ausmif; hJ h S f S f tky}f u;D / csi;f jynfe,fenf;jyq&m (jynfaxmifpausmif;ESihf ppfui;f zG@H z;d a&;ody)/ 1984 ckEpwif emruse;f k kd H` Sf G yifpif ,lconf? csi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif OuU/ A[dem,u ponfjzifaqmif&uconf? hJ kd G k h G f hJ 13? [m;cg;re,frJqENe,f? OD;vseftkyf/ woD;yk*~v? OD;vsetyonf [m;cg;rde,frqENe,fwif woD;yk*vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ f kf J G ~ S f hJ k f kH (5149) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (37 02) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1937 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v k kf_ f hJ S D (4)&uf ae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;r_efaemfvf.om;jzpfonf? OD;vseftkyfonf 1959 ckESpfwGif ausmif; xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJudkatmifjrifcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif ppfawGpmppfXmerS wuUodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrif+yD;/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd yvuf0rde,f/ 'vwfartpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif wm0efcHausmif;tkyftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZmESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZmbGJ@ ESifh 1968 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZmbGJ@ wdk@&cJhonf? wuUodkvfwGif ynmoif=um;aepOf &efukefwuUodkvf csif;wdkif;&if;om;pmayESifh,Ofaus;r_ aumfrwD twGif;a&;r;/ ,if;aumfrwDrSxkwfa0onfh 196869 ckESpf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;aumfrwD OuU/ 1969-70 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&Sae/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1990
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfEptxd w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpf aqmif&uconf? OD;vsetytm; 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrr_ hSf G f hJ f kf hS H tufOya' yk'r 5 (u)(,)(n)/ jypfr_ qdi&musix;kH Oya' yk'r (512) t& [m;cg;rde,f w&m;H;k wGif f kf hf f w&m;pGqxm;pOf xGuajy; wdr;f a&Smifom; ojzifh w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcJonf? OD;vsetyonf J kd f G h f k f 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_ tufOya' yk'fr (5) (n) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I jynfol@v$wf awmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11) (n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsuf a=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? (5) ppfudkif;wdkif;?
jrefrmEdkifiH.taemufajrmufbufwGif wnf&Sdonf? taemufbufwGif csif;jynfe,f/ ta&SajrmufbufwGif ucsifjynfe,f/ ta&SbufwGif &Srf;jynfe,f/ awmifbufwGif rauG;wdkif;ESifh rE av;wdi;f wd@k Eihf xdpyfvsu&onf? ajrmufvwWw'f (21) 'D*&D (30) rdepftwGi;f / ta&Savmif*sw'f W k S f dS D G D G (94) 'D*&DEihf (97) 'D*&DtwGi;f wnf&onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (36535) us,0ef;onf? wdi;f rd S dS kf f k awmfrSm ppfudkif;rdjzpfonf? ppfudkif;wdkif;wGif rde,f (38) rde,f&Sd rJqENe,f (58) e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; ud,pm;y,SOf ydiol v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (231) OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmf ud,pm;vS,f k f f f kd f f ~ f k f avmif; (11) OD;/ pkpkaygif; (242) OD; 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh=u&m trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfrS (52) ae &m/ em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygwEiwoD;yk*vwd@k (2) ae&mpD/ jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om; vlrsK;d D S hf ~ k kd rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ygwDwdk@rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD;a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1? ueDre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf ueDrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (17238) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (77 83) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;!$ef@/ trd a':tkef;=unfwkd@rS 1945 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJonf? ueDrde,f/ vufyp&mZmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf ueDrdtpd;k & txufwef; h HkG ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrif+y;D rE av;0dZmESioywuUovwif qufvufynmqufvuf oif=um;cJh W hf d H` kd f G onf? 1969 ckEp/f u|e;f qG,ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifvy&m;cJojzifh (1) ESpEihf (6) v zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cH S f _fS h fS cJh&onf? 1973 ckESpfwGif jyifyrSajzqkd+yD; rE Wav;0dZmESifh ody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H (ocsFm) bJG@&cJhonf? 1988 ckESpftxd ueDrd@e,ftwGif; wGJbufausmif;q&mtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf? ueDrde,ftrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (21) OD; aumfrwDwGif aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 2? ueDre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef@Zif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef@Zifonf ueDrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; J kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (18781) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (82 53) jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajrmuf jcif;cHc&onf? 1940 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (15) &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? armfvuf rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz hJ hS D G dk OD;bpde.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef@Zifonf armfvuf rdtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ rE av;wuUovEihf f dk W kd f S pduysK;d a&;wuUovw@kd wif ynmoif=um;cJI pduysK;d a&;ynmbJ@G &cJonf? 1967 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd k f kd f G h k f h Sf Sf ajraus;&Sif; (Hk;csKyf)/ ueDajraus;&Sif;/ v,fpdkuf&Sif;wkd@wGif rd@e,frefae*smtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh onf? xdk@aemuf bmom&yfoif udk,fydkifoifwef;zGifhvSpfI toufarG;cJhonf? 3? uav;re,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;'dkaxmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;'dkaxmifonf uav;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (17381) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (42 81) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? zvrf;rde,f/ bkduH;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGif tz OD;vsefEGef;/ trd a':xef;ref;wk@d rarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;'daxmifonf acgymvftpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ zvrf;rd tpd;k &txuf S h k G wef;ausmif;/ wD;wGmvftpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;/ [m;cg;rdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif wuU G odv0ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD;/ use;f rma&;r;oifwef;udk 1962 ckEpwiatmifjrifconf? 1963 k f Sf Gf hJ ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd xefwvef/ uefyufvuf/ uav;/ armfvu/f [krvif;rdwk@d wif use;f rma&;r;/ Sf Sf dk R G 1988 ckESpf/ (1350 jynfhESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhI 1989 ckESpfwGiftvkyfrS E_wxuconf? 1996 ckEp/f arv (21) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;trSwf (17) rS zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&+y;D / f G f hJ S G S hJ 1996 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20) &ufae@wGif jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122 (2) EdkifiHawmfopPmazmufzsuf ykeuefrj_ zifh axmif'%f (7) ESpf jypf'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 22-8-96 &ufae@xwf e0wowif;pm f S hJ k
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f rsm;wGif tdE,EdiiH tajcpduvy&m;v#u&aom trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS a'guwmwifaqGO;D pD; dN k f k f _fS f dS kd f h aomtzGJ@u jynfwGif;&Sd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;'dkaxmif; (uav;rd)/ cGefjrifhxGef; (oxHkrd) tygt0if (19) OD;tm; qufo,I jynfyoifwef;od@k oifwef;om;rsm;apv$way;&ef/ vH@_ aqmf0g'jzef@ G f f pmapmifrsm;jzef@a0&eftjyif rH&mrdY jynfytkyp. v#Kd 0Su;kH cGzivp&ef aqmif&ucjhJ cif;rsm;twGuf kG fk f J G hf S f G f zrf;qD;ta&;,l&a=umif;azmfjycJonf? 2003 ckEp/f ZGev (2) &ufae@wif rE av;axmifrS jyefvwonf? h S f G W G f 4? uav;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmodef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmode;f 0if;onf uav;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (23168) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (57 23) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;bd/k trd a':oef;xkuw@dk rS 1952 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (20) &ufae@wif hJ d f S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? rH&mrd Zmwdjzpfonf? a'guwmode;f 0if;onf rif;uif;rd / tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf h kG f f (2) ESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ rHk&Gmrd/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) wd@k wif tajccHynmoif,+l y;D aemuf aq;wuUovf (2) &efuerS G kd kf 1978 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbJG@&cJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd tvkyfoifq&m0ef r*Fvm'Hkppf aq;Hk}uD;/ wm0efcHq&m0ef wm[eforaq;cef;/ ZeD; a':=unf=unfjrifhESifh om;orD; (5) a,muf xGe;f um;onf? 1988 ckEp/f (1350 jynfEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGiyg0ifconf? 1979 S h S f D kd f hJ ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd vufaxmufygwDpdwfr;/ anmifyifom&yf/ uav;rdwGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? uav;rd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif rde,fOuUtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? jyifyq&m0eftjzpf ud,yiaq;cef;zGiI toufarG;onf? tluifqmjzpfojzif&efuef rd/ *syefaq;H}k uD;wGif wufa&muf k f kd f hf h k ukoaepOf2006 ckESpf/ rwfv (15) &ufae@ae@vnf (2) em&D (10) rdepfYuG,fvGefonf? a'guwmode;f 0if;uG,vejf cif;twGuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrxwjf yefonfh 0rf;enf; f f G kd S k a=umif; o0%fv$m 0rf;enf;a=umif;o0%fvm $ ppfui;f wdi;f / uav;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwm kd k J $ f kd f f ode;f 0if;onf 2006 ckEp/f rwfv (15) &ufae@wif uG,vetedpa&mufom;a=umif; 0rf;enf;a=uuGz,f S G f Gf P G JG =um;od&ygonf? a'guwmode;f 0if;onf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy. tzG@J 0ifwOD;taejzifh rdrEiiwif f kd f d kd f H G 'Drdkua&pDESifh vl@tcGifhta&;rsm; jyefvnf&Sifoefa&;twGuf ud;yrf;tm;xkwf aqmif&Gufaeolvnf; jzpfygonf? a'guwmode;f 0if;. aqmif&ucsursm;udk trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftaejzifh av;pm; f G f f kd *k%,v#u&ygonf? a'guwmode;f 0if;touf xif&m;&SpOfu tzG@J csKy/f 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESitwl f l f dS f S d kd hf wufupmyl;aygi;f aqmif&uconfrsm;/ 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;tm; yHy;kd ulnconfrsm;udk tpOfowd& GG G f hJ kd h D hJ v#u&ygonf? a'guwmode;f 0if; uG,vetedpa&mufom;onftwGuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyu f dS f f Gf P G h kd f rdom;pkrsm;ESifhtwl xyfwlxyfr# 0rf;enf;a=uuGJ&yga=umif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a'gufwmodef;0if; (uav;r) touf (55) ESpf rH&mrdae (OD;bd-a':oef;xdu) wd@k . om;/ uav;rdae (OD;bwif)-a':at;cifw@kd . om; k G k k f oruf/ a':cifaqGwif. armif/ (OD;aZmf0if;)-a'guwmcifrmwifw@kd . tud/k uav;rd / anmifyifom&yf/ f AdvcsKyvrf;/ &wemyHxqiae a':=unf=unfjrif. cifye;f / rrDrvi/f rrDrwif/ rpENm0if;/ armifatmifjrifh k f f k D kd f h G D G D ode;f / rcifoo0if;wd@k . zcifonf 15-3-2006 &uf (Ak'[;l ae@) rGe;f vGJ (2 ; 10) em&Dwif &efueaq;Hk l l < G kf opf }uD;Y uG,veom;ygojzifh 19-3-2006 &uf (we*FaEGae@) eHeuf (11) em&Dwif a&a0;okomefY f Gf G G rD;o*[frnfjzpfygonf? use&pforom;pk f ld 5? uav;0re,frqENe,f? J OD;wifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifarmifonf uav;0rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (9141) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (45 86) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHcJh&onf? v,fa0;rd@e,f/ udyif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1933 ckESpf/ rwfv (14) &ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? tz OD;oef;ausm.om;jzpfonf? OD;wifarmifonf aysmb,f rdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS &Spwef; f f G f atmifjrifcI 1955 ckEpf wGif udvbprue;f ynmawmfoiftjzpf =opa=w;vso@kd owWKw;l azmfa&;ynm hJ S k H kd D H d oGm;a&muf oif=um;cJonf? 1975 ckEprpI uav;0ausmufr;D aoG;wGi;f (a=u;eDprue;f )/ owWKwGi;f h SfS DH d tif*sifeD,mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSxGuf+yD;/ uav;0rdwGif pm;aomufqkdif vkyfief; vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd ausmufrD;aoG;wGif;tvkyform;tpnf;tHk; OuU/ uav;0rde,f tvkyorm;aumifpD tvkytr_aqmif/ a=u;eDprue;f tvkyorm;tpnf;tH;k f f DH d f OuU/ 1988 ckEp/f (1350 jynfEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiygI (1) vausmxe;f odr;f cHc& S hSf D kd f f fd hJ onf? 6? uomre,frqENe,f? J OD;jrifh=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrif=h unfonf uomrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (25753) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 48) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f &onf? tz OD;wifatmif/ trd a':cspfwkd@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? uomrdZmwd jzpfonf? OD;jrifh=unfonf i,fpOfu q&m}uD;OD;bkdeD tvGwfynmoifausmif;wGif (7)wef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ uomrdtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) odk@ (8) wef;rS pwifajymif;a&$ynmoif=um;cJh&m 1969 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? xkdrS &efukef wd&pmefarG;jrLa&;ESihf aq;ukoa&;wuUovo@dk wufa&mufc+hJ y;D 1971 ckEpwif rE av;0dZmESihf odyH` d> kd f Sf G W wuUovo@kd ajymif;a&$ynmoif=um;cJ&m 1974 ckEpwif rE av;0dZmESihf odywuUovrS odyH` (owW kd f h Sf G W H` kd f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aA') bJ@G &cJonf? OD;jrif=h unfonf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,f rJqEN h hS e,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;. aetdrfwGifusif;yyvkyfcJhonfh ,m,D tpdk;&v#Kd@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif oufqdkif&mrS zrf;qD; xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr (122) (1) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' (11) (n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (2) &ufae@&ufpyg D kH D kd JG f S D JG a=unmcsutrSwf (995) jzifh a=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfa&G;aumufyrsm;wGiyg0if ,SOf yicihf f h G f h JG f dfG udkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w u 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4) &ufaewGif tif;pdefaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uHwucuowfjzwfr}_ uD;wGif a&Sajy;tjzpf S J kd f kd f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEitzG@J . ,mOfwef;a&SrSuwifxucmvmpOf uGyua&;pcef;tjzpf toH;k yxm; S hf d G fG f J onfh qnfajrmif;0ef;a[mif;wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cH&I xdrwqifh a&$baxmifwif ajymif;a&$ xde;f odr;f kS kd G jcif;cHc&onf? 2004 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (16) &ufae@wif a&$baxmifrjS yefvwonf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv hJ S D G kd G f S f (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&; G $ f kd f S $ f kd f f kH twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD OuUxHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwf $ f kd f dfl S f G h $ awmfudk,fpm; vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 7? aumvif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;odef;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f ZHonf aumvif;rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (29986) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (73 1) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? 1946 ckEp/f =o*kwv (18)&ufae@zm;jzpfonf? aumvif;rdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;boif hJ S f G .om; jzpfonf? OD;odef;ZHonf 1964 ckESpfwGif aumvif;rdtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf 0ifwef; atmifjrifconf? 1962 ckEp/f &efuewuUovwif 'kw,ESp0Zmwef;t+y;D Zlvita&;tcif; hJ S kf kd f G d fd kd f a=umifh ausmif;aecGifh &yfpJcHcJh&onf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd aumvif;rd tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1969 ckESpfwGif wwd,ESpf jyefwufcJh+yD;/ 1971 ckESpfwGif 0dZmbJG@/ 1977 ckEpwif r[m0dZmbJ@G / 1981 ckEpf wGif rSwywifa&Sae (tmt,fv) &&Sconf? 1971 ckEprS Sf G S f kH f d hJ Sf 1985 ckEptxd usL&Sioifwef;r;csKyf/ xd@k aemuf jru|e;f omvDrwuf OD;aqmif'guwmtjzpf aqmif Sf f D dk f &Guconf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@'y,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uwucuowfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfym; f hJ S DJ H kd f kd f G t+y;D ppfaxmufvr;f a&;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHchJ &&mrS 2003 ckEpf Zlviv (15) &ufae@wif jyefvwf S S kd f G G onf? 8? uef@bvlre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;odef;az/ woD;yk*~v? OD;ode;f azonf uef@bvlrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif woD;yk*vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,Of yichJ J ~ S df &m cdkifvHkrJ (17364) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (47 34) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1940
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfEp/f Zefe0g&v (5) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;boif.om; jzpfonf? [krvif;rdZmwdjzpfonf? hS D G R OD;ode;f azonf [krvif;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS 1958 ckEpwif wef;jrifausmif;xGuf pmar;yGJ R Sf G h atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif vufaxmufusef;rma&;r;oifwef; atmifjrifonf? 1961 ckESpfrSpI usef;rma&;r;tjzpf aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rde,f rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrwif yvkyonfh ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; v#Kd 0Suf $ f kd f f G f tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcojzifh oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;ode;f az hJ kd f hJ onf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (122) (1) t& jypfrxif&m; pD&ifjcif;cH&I jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG _ kd f f _ S $ f Oya' yk'fr 11 (n) ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@ &ufpJG D kH D kd JG f S D jzifh a=unmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8) &ufae@wGifyvkyfcJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; yaumfrwD yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;rS OD;odef;aztm; tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJhonf? 9? uef@bvlre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmjrifhEdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmjrifhEkdifonf uef@bvlrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (30628) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (75 83) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;aZmf/ trd a':at;&ifwdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (6)&ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? a&$bdk rdZmwdjzpfonf? a'guwmjrifEionf a&$bdk rd 'ditpZifausmif;/ Gf h f h dk f k f dk D tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (3) ESihf trSwf (1) wk@d wif q,fwef;atmifonfxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / G 1981 ckEpwif rE av;aq;wuUovrS q&m0efb@GJ &cJonf? ud,yif apwemaq;cef; zGivpaexkichJ Sf G W dk f h k f kd hf S f d f onf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) rS hS J jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrwiusi;f yyvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k & v#Kd 0Suz@GJ pnf;a&; $ f dk f f Gf f f tpnf;ta0;wGif wufupmyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJI oufqi&mu 1990 jynfEp/f atmufwbmvwGif zrf;qD; GG h kd f hS kd xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? ,if;twGuf a'guwmjrifEionf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (122) (1) t& hJ f h dk f _ kd f f jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&+yD; if;tm;jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122) (1) jzifh w&m;pGJum axmif'%f (25) ESpf jypf'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; aumfr&SirS 1992 S hJ D kH D kd JG f ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (2) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuf trSwf (995) jzifh jynfolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfry,fzsuc+hJ y;D aemifwif yvkyr!f a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? 1995 S f G f h JG S d f G hf kd f hJ ckESpfwGif ukvor*~udk,fpm;vS,f ,dkZdk,dkudkwmxH tif;pdefaxmifwGif;tajctaersm;tm; a&;om; ay;yd@k rj_ zifh aemufxyfjypf'%f (5) ESpf xyfw;kd cJ+h yD;/ o&uftusO;f axmifo@kd ajymif;a&$cHc&onf? 2004 hJ ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30) &ufae@wGif axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 2004 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvqef;wGif a&$bdkrdrS uef@bvlrd od@k armfawmfqiu,fjzifjh yefvmpOf uef@bvlrd t0ifwif a'guwmjrifEi. &yfxm;onfh kd f G f h kd f qdiu,ftm; rde;f uav;wOD;.qdiu,frS 0ifwuronfwif tr_qifw&m;pGqjkd cif;cHc&+y;D / um,uH&if kf kf kd f d G J hJ S ud,wirS if;.trSm;jzpfojzifh ausat;v$mwifcaomfvnf; 2004 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (9) &ufae@wif k f kd f hJ S G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&$bkd rd e,fw&m;H;k rS axmif'%f (3) v tjypfay;cJonf? 2005 ckEp/f rwfv (8)&ufae@wif a&$bkd h S G axmifrS jyefvwonf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf G f S f G $ f kd f S jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwD OuUxH $ f kd f f kH $ f k f vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpf f l S f G h $ f kd f onf? 10? u|e;vSre,frqENe,f? f J OD;}uD;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;}uD;armifonf u|e;f vSrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGJ csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (17729) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 83) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f &onf? &rnf;oif;rdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f cki/f trd a':,wd@k rS 1938 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (29) d S &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;}uD;armifonf &rnf;oif;rdtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf 0ifwef;atmifjrifcI &efuewuUov/f &efuif;aumvdywif OypmodyH` (u) wef;txd ynmoif=um; hJ kf kd f G cJonf? 1957 ckEprS 1959 ckEptxd &efuewuUov/f ausmif;aqmifrsm;Xme/ pma&;0efxrf;/ 1959 h Sf Sf kf kd ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd wyfrawmf (=unf;) wGif wyfom;rSAv}f uD;tqifx/d 1985 ckEpwif t+idr;f pm; Sf Sf kd h Sf G ,lcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd cifOD;rde,fESifh u|ef;vSrde,frsm;wGif aumifpDOuUtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 11? cifOD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmifodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifoe;f onf cifO;D rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; d J kd udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (15367) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (67 87) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc& onf? cifO;D rd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? hJ hS G tz OD;zkef;armf.om; jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifodef;onf cifOD;rdtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rE Wav; &wemyHkausmif;wkd@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhI q,fwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; rE Wav;0dZmESifh ody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H ("mwkaA') bJG@&cJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&Saepmar;yJGatmifjrifI rE Wav;rdwGif a&Saevkuconf? 1973 ckEpwif a':pef;pef;0if; (&rf;jA)ESihf vufxyfI om;ESpa,mufxe;f um;onf? d f hJ Sf G J f G 1983 ckESpfwGif A[kdw&m;Hk;a&Saepmar;yGJatmifjrifcJh I w&m;Hk;csKyfa&Saetjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? OD;cifarmifoe;f onf 1990 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) d hS D J rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrwif usi;f yyvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k & v#Kd 0Suz@GJ pnf; $ f kd f f G f f a&; tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcI oufqi&mrSzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? jypfrqi&mOya'yk'r hJ kd f hJ _ kd f f (122) (1) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' 11 (n) ESihf +ipe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmf _ S GJ dG $ f uk,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS d f f f dk f D kH D kd JG f 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wGif a=unmonf? aemifusif;yyvkyfrnfh a&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? e0wrS if;tm; 1992 ckEp/f ZGev (2) &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f S d f G hf kd f hJ S f G f axmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 12? cifOD;re,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;aomif;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;jrifhonf cifOD;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;y I 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (14267) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (60 17) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1949 ckEp/f {+yv (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? tz OD;bkau. om;jzpfonf? hJ S D G h d ydef;ZvkyfZmwdjzpfonf? OD;aomif;jrifhonf ydef;Zvkyftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ anmifav;yifrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ r*Fvmawmif!$ef@ (1) vli,fa&;&mnausmif;wkd@wGif ynm oif=um;cJh+yD;/ q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZmESifh ody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZmbGJ@ESifh Oya'0dZmbJG@wdk@udk&&SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif a':cifESif;a0 (cifOD;) ESifhvufxyfI om;orD; (5) OD; xGe;f um;onf? w&m;H;k csKya&Saetjzpfvuyg aqmif&uconf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbm f kd f G f hJ hS v (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm; aetdrfwGif usif;yyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;& v#Kd0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI ouf qdkif&mrS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf OD;aomif;jrifhonf jypfr_qdkif&m Oya'yk'fr (122) (1) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' (11) (n) ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf uk,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS d f f f dk f D kH D kd JG f 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (996) jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifusif;y yvkyfrnfh a&G;aumufyGJ rsm;wGifyg0if,SOfydifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? e0wrS if;tm; 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4) &ufaewGif tif;pdefaxmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 13? acsmif;OD;re,frJqENe,f? OD;tHh=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tH=h unfonf acsmif;OD;rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (26107) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 79) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f hJ onf? 1922 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? acsmif;OD;rdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifb S G .om; jzpfonf? OD;tH=h unfonf 'orwef;ESitxufwef;q&mjzpfoifwef; atmifjrifconf? 1938 hf hJ ckESpf/ wwd,wuUodkvfausmif;om;oydwfwGif oydwfarSmufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfI ausmif;om;b0uyif 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k od@k 0ifconf? 1300 jynfta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyg0ifcI acsmif;OD; hJ h f hJ rd 'dk@Armtpnf;tHk;ESihf &efukefXmecsKyf/ trSwf (76)/ a&ausmfvrf;wGif EdkifiHa&;aqmif&Gufr_rsm; yvkyconf? vGwvyfa&;tuumv awmfvea&;wGiyg0ifcI vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if ('kw,qif) f hJ f d Sf f hJ f G d h &cJhonf? 1956 ckESpfwGif acsmif;OD;rde,frS yrnwygvDreftrwftjzpf ta&G;cs,fcH&onf? 14? cE WD;re,frJqENe,f? a':q,fq,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':q,fq,fonf cE ;DW rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (3332) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (46 63) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f cHc&onf? rE av;rdZmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckEp/f rwfv (10) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;awaemif. hJ W S G orD;jzpfonf? a':q,fq,fonf rE av;yJue;f tvGwynmoifausmif;rS wuUov0ifwef;udk (c) W G k f kd f tqifjh zifh atmifjrifconf? 1964 ckEpwif OD;apmol0%fEivufxyfI cE @W ;D rdod@k ajymif;a&GaexdichJ hJ Sf G S hf kf onf? &Sr;f pum;ESiem*pum;udk u|r;f usipmwwfajrmufonf? 1978 ckEprpI cE ;DW rde,f/ rdcifEihf hf f G S f S S uav;apmifha&Smufa&;tzJGwGif twGif;a&;r;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1425) jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D kH D kd usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1425) (1360 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 6 &uf) ? a':q,fq,ftm; ppfudkif;wdkif;/ cE WD;re,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&ol tjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyjcif;? 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ppfui;f wdi;f / cE ;DW rde,f D kH D kd JG G kd kd k jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH $ f J $ f kd f f xm;&ol a':q,fq,fu rdronf ,cktcg use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmf d d $ f udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyyg&ef ,if;.qEN tav#muf Taumfr&Sifodk@ wifjycJhygonf? 2? txufyg a':q,fq,f.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' f f $ f yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD a':q,fq,ftm; ,ae@rpI cE ;DW rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,frS f f hf S $ f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvduf $ f kd f f H f G fG k a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 15? igef;ZGefre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cspfcdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspcionf ige;f ZGef rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; f kd f J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16881) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (78 85) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ta=umif;t&m?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f cHc&onf? 1930 jynfEp/f {+yv (4) &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifc.om; jzpfonf? OD;cspcionf hJ hS D G f dk f bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;wGif rlv"rRmp&d,ajzqdatmifjrifconf? ige;f ZGef rd wGif a':vSvEivufxyfonf? k hJ S S hf qDpufvyief;vkyuiI toufarG;onf? ige;f ZGef rd e,f/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r; kf f kd f kd G wm0ef,lcJhonf? 16? igef;ZGefre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;csKdvd_if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;csdKv_difonf igef;ZGefrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (18480) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (71 97) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1961 ckEp/f {+yDv (10) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? ige;f ZGef rdZmwdjzpfonf? tz hJ S G OD;jroef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;csKvionf 1983 ckEpwif tajccHynmtxufwef;udvnf;aumif;/ 1986 d d_ f Sf G k ckEpwif txufwef;a&Sae pmar;yGuvnf;aumif;/ 1987 ckEpwif rE av;wuUovf pmay;pm,l S f G J kd S f G W kd oifwef;rS odyH` ("mwkaA't"du) bJ@G uvnf;aumif; ajzqkatmifjrifconf? txufwef;a&Saetjzpf kd d hJ vduygaqmif&uonf? ige;f ZGef rde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rde,fpnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD0if k f G f kd G tjzpf aqmif&uconf? ta&;ay:pDrr_ tufOya' yk'r (5) (n) jzifh e0wu 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v G f hJ H f S D (16) &ufaewGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD; 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25) &ufaewGif tusOf;axmifrS jyefv$wf ay;cJhonf? 17? ppfudkif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? t+idrf;pm;Adkvfr;}uD; oD[ol& pdk;odrf;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) Advr; }u;D oD[ol&pd;k odr;f (t+ir;f pm;) onf ppfui;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; k f d kd J 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (37037) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ &mcdiEe;f kf_ (70 18) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1927 ckEp/f ZGev (19) &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? ppfui;f rd f hJ S f G kd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aZ,sm.om;jzpfonf? Advr; }uD;oD[ol&pd;k odr;f (t+idr;f pm;) onf ppfui;f rd k f kd trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfui;f rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um; kd G cJonf? ausmif;aepOf OD;armif}u;D xlaxmifonfh taysmwrf;&Jwyfz@GJ wif &J!e@f tjzpfyg0ifconf? 1946 h f G G hJ ckESpfwGif ppfudkif;cdkif jynfol@&JabmfwyfzJG@ jyef=um;a&;r;/ 1947 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd ppfukdif;cdkif qkd&S,fvpfygwD twGif;a&;r;/ z-q-y-v tr_aqmif/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd wyfrawmfwGif wyfom;tqifrS (=unf;-6073) Advr; }uD;tqifxd ppfqifa&;}uD;rsm;wGif yg0ifconf? &ef}uD;atmif h k f h hJ wkwjf zLppfqifa&;wGif pGr;f pGr;f wrHaqmif&ura=umifh oD[ol&bJ@G wqycs;D jrijhf cif;cH&onf? ppfqifa&; G f_ H df wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif&if; ppfawG ar,kcdif cvuOuU/ jynfcdif cvuOuU/ yJc;l cdif cvuOuU/ k k k &Sr;f jynfe,f tm;um OuU/ rauG;wdi;f wvu OuU/ vrf;pOfygwD A[kaumfrwD0if/ rauG;wdi;f a'o k d k ygwDaumfrwD OuU/ A[dkaumfrwDXmecsKyf twGif;a&;r;rsm;tzJG@. twGif;a&;r;/ 1977 ckESpfwGif wwd,t}urygwnvmcHuta=umif;yI tjcm;A[daumfrwD0iftrsm;tjym;ESihf twl ygwwm0efrS df D D kd k D &yfpjJ cif;cHc&onf? rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G wif A[daumfrwD0if/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif hJ fJ G k kd G A[kdOD;pD;tzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 18? ppfudkif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmcifarmifaqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmcifarmifaqGonf ppfudkif;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivr (48523) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (72 0) jzifh k f S f hJ d f kH J k kf _ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1953 ckEp/f arv (11) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f az. om; f hJ S G jzpfonf? a'gufwmcifarmifaqGonf &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&cJhonf? aq;wuUodkvf ausmif;om;b0wGif wuUovretoif;/ aq;wuUovr*~Zif;aumfrwDw@dk wif yg0ifconf? 1981 kd f G f kd f G hJ ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiHq&m0eftoif; (rk'Hk)wGif pnf;Hk;a&;r;/ bma&;r;/ wkdif;&if;aq; ynmoifwef;/ =uufajceDoifwef;wd@k wif oifwef;enf;jy/ rD;axmifacsmufxe;f njd cif;pcef;ESihf w&m; G G pcef;wd@k wif tcrJaq;cef;zGivpunconf? G h hf S f l D hJ 19? qm;vif;}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf qm;vif;}uD;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J J kd csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (18126) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (77 09) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;boef;/ trd a':&Sdefwdk@rS 1926 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (15) &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? qm;vif;}u;D rd e,f/ qm;xH;k Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf qm;xH;k &Gm Gf h tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rH&mrd t*Fvy-jrefrm Ak'bmomtxufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif tajccHynm kG df < G oif=um;+y;D aemuf 1950-51 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G &cJonf? 1943 ckEprS 1945 ckEptxd Sf G kf dk f h Sf Sf tm&Svi,f ^m%Avr;/ 1945 ckEpwif tajrmuf}uD;wyfEiwzufI awmfvea&;wGif yg0ifconf? l S f G S hf JG S f hJ 1948-49 ckEp/f oxHaqmifo[m,ESipmzwftoif; OuU/ 1950-51 ckEpwif w-u-o tr_aqmif/ S k hf Sf G owWaA'ESifh obm0wWtoif; OuU/ csif;wGif;toif; (&efukef) twGif;a&;r;/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd tvkyform;!efHk; zsefajza&;t&m&Sd/ 'ktaxGaxGrefae*sm/ tvkyform;t&m&Sd (txl; wm0ef) acsmufEia&eHacsmif;a&eHajr/ 1959 ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd vlrzva&;tzJ@G tkycsKyfa&;t&m&S/d S hf Sf Sf _ l H_ f 'kwd,taxGaxGrefae*sm/ taxGaxGrefae*sm/ *sDeDAm tkdift,fvftdknDvmcHtygt0if EdkifiHaygif; (15) EkdifiHokd@ oGm;a&mufavhvmcJhonf? A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvf/ tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf (11) wufcI A[ktvkyorm;tpnf;tH;k OD;pD;tzJ@G 0ifjzpfconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf tvkyf hJ d f hJ kd orm; tzJJG@0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':trm&DESifh om;orD; (5) a,muf&Sdonf? 20? qm;vif;}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdef&H/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pde&onf qm;vif;}uD;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f H J kd udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (14092) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (65 78) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc& onf? 1922 ckEp/f rwfv (7) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifb;dk .om;jzpfonf? hJ S G OD;pde&onf qm;vif;}u;D usm;wuf&mtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ rH&mrd OD;bd;k 'ifausmif;/ 0ufpvD tpd;k & fH G kG txufwef;ausmif; rH&mrd wk@d wif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1959 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef;udk tvGwajzqkd kG G Sf G dk f f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f atmifjrifconf? 1968 ckEpwif 0dZmbJ@G (tvGwajz) &cJonf? 1972 ckEpwif ynma&;'Dyvkrmudk hJ S f G f h S f G d pmay;pm,ljzif&cJonf? 1953 ckEprS 1956 ckEptxd qm;vif;}u;D / qHwm;ESihf usm;wuftpd;k & rlvwef; h h Sf Sf k ausmif;rsm;wGif rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1957 ckEprS 1964 ckEptxd wm[ef (uav;) ESihf usm;wuf (qm; Sf Sf vif;}u;D ) tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1965 ckEprS 1982 ckEptxd usm;wuf Sf Sf tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1982 ckESpfwGif wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 21? wrl;re,frqENe,f? J OD;axmifcdkxef;/ jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;axmifcxef;onf wrl;rde,frqENe,fwif jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; 'Drua&pD kd J G k kd kd tzG@J csKyftm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (8939) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (35 36) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;&efcve;f / trd a':vdicusi;f wd@k rS 1951 ckEp/f Zlviv (5) f hJ kd G _ f kd S kd f &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? wrl;rd e,f/ pHuyfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;axmifcxef;onf jynfawmfom G h kd aus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ wrl;rd / tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;ESihf tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ &efuef rd k tvHk tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1)/ =unfjh rifwif (xD;wef;)/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf kd (2)/ &efukef0dZmESifh ody`HwuUodkvfwdk@wGif 0dZmbGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif a':vdireEihf vufxyfconf? ukeonfvyief;jzifh toufarG;onf? awmifwef;om;rsm; 'Dru&ufwpf _fGfS hJ f kf kd ygwDwGif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@wGif e0wtrdef@ trSwf (792) jzifh jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; zsufodrf;cJhonf? odk@ twGuf OD;axmifcdkxef;onf ygwDrJhjzpfoGm;I woD;yk*~vtoGifodk@a&muf&SdfoGm;cJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&v (27) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD yHretpnf;ta0;rS tzG@J 0ifopftjzpf D G $ f kd f kSf vufcHcJhonf? 22? wef@qnfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;ausmfqef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 'kw,Advr; }u;D ausmqef; (t+ir;f pm;) (=unf;-7619) onf wef@qnfrd e,frqENe,f trSwf d k f f d J (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS 0ifa&muf,Of yita&G;cs,cc&m ckivrJ (18862) rJ/ pkpaygi;f kd S df f H hJ d f kH k rJ&mE_e;f (78 69) jzifh ta&G;cs,cc&onf? ppfui;f r@d e,f/ usm;rif;}u;D aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1932 f H hJ kd ckESpf/ ZGefv (17) &ufae@wGif tz OD;vmjr/ trd a':tkef;cifwkd@rSarG;zGm;onf? 'kAdkvfr;}uD;ausmfqef; (t+ir;f pm;) onf 1949 ckEpwif omrefwyfom;b0ESihf oeu (1) ok@d 0ifa&mufconf? 1952 ckEpwif d Sf G hJ Sf G Auye,fajr/ bk&m;awmifwuywif aoewf'%f&m&cJonf? 1957-1958 ckEpwif jyefwrf;0ift&m&S/d dk f JG G h Sf G 1958 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd cv& (1) aejynfawmfppfXmecsKyf (&efukef)/ cr& (102)/ cr& (108)/ &wcvu& (1)/ cv& (21)/ ryccr& (11)/ cv& (36) wkd@wGif wyfpkr;/ wyfcJGr;/ ppfOD;pD;r; (wwd,wef;)/ wyfcr; (Akvr; )/ ppfO;D pD;r; ('kw,wef;) ESihf wyf&if;r;wm0eftxd/ 'kw,Advr; }u;D b0ESihf GJ d f d d k f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f OD;aomif;azqdoEihf &Jpcef;rSorsm;onf armfawmf,mOfrsm;jzifh a&mufvm=uum um;[Ge;f rsm;udk k lS l us,avmifpmwD;I/ w&m;Oya't&vdtyfaom jcwi;f / tdrwi;f / 0ifa&muf&mazGEicihf 0&rf;rygb/J f G k H G f G S kd f G jcHpnf;dk;rsm;udktwif;ausmfwufum tdrfxJ&Sdvlrsm;udk Ed_;ygonf[k =um;od&ygonf? 2// tdr&irsm;u ntcserawmfjzpfI tdrom;ESpO;D om&Saoma=umifh vHk ca&;pdwrcs&ojzifh eHeufvif; fSf df f f d H f rS vma&muf=u&efajymjy+yD; tdrfwHcg;rsm;udkzGifhray;yg? xdktcg jcH0if;odk@ twif;usL;ausmf0ifvm olw@kd u tdrwcg;r}uD;ESijhf ywif;aygursm;udk jyif;xefpmxkuEuvsu/f wHcg;r}uD;udk oHw&i;f jzifh f H f G dk f S f lG xd;k aumftwif;zGi=hf uonf[k owif;&&Sygonf// zGiIr&aomtcg tdruvnywfum rd;k vif;onf d hf f kd S hf txdxkkdufESuf+yD; zkef;vdkif;udkvnf; udkufjzwfypfvdkuf=uygonf[k =um;od&ygonf// 3// 7-9-98 &ufae@ eHeufr;kd vif;onftcg wyfrawmfaxmufvr;f a&;trSwf (6) rS Adv}f uD;&Jausmol h S k f qdol OD;aqmifonfh &yfuuat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG zd;a&;aumifprS OD;aomif;azqdoEi/hf tjcm; k G f hf D k l S t&yf0wf (5) OD;cef@ OD;ausmqef;.aetdro@kd xyfra&muf&vm=u+y;D w&m;0ifzrf;qD;0&rf;rygbJ OD;ausmf f f H dS qef;tm; zrf;qD;ac:aqmifoGm;cJh=uygonf// 4// wzef xdkae@ 7-9-98 &ufae@n (21 ;20)em&Dcef@wGif wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf (6) rS Adv}f uD;wOD;/ &JtywOD;/ &J=uyfwOD;/ axmufvr;f a&; (6)rS q&m^m%farmifqow@kd a&mufvm=u+yD; k kf S kd l wHcg;udktwif; zGifhcdkif;um/ Oya'ESifhtnD&SmazGrdef@ cGifhycsuf0&rf;rygbJ/ pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk xkwfay;ygqdkojzifh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udkxkwfay;&onf[k =um;od&ygonf// 5// xdo@kd tdr&iru xkway;onfukd 0ifa&mufvmolw@kd ura=ueyfojzif/h wtdrv;kH tdy,mae&m/ k f Sf f f f rSefbDkd/ tcef;tm;vHk;rusef ajAmif;qefatmif&SmazG=uI/ aowWm}uD;i,ftm;vHk;zGifhcdkif;ojzifh vuf0wfvufpm;xnfxm;onfh aowWmi,frsm;ygrusef &SmazG=uonf[k =um;od&ygonf// h 6// 4if;jyif qufq&mwGif tvGei;f pdi;f +yD;/ OD;ausmqef; ('kAvr; }uD;tjzpfjzif) ppfO;D pD;wuUovoif H f kd k f kd f h kd f wef;wufa&mufcpOfu/ rdru,a&;rSwwrf;rsm;twGuf wdwaoodr;f xm;aompmtky/f pm&Gu/f hJ d kd f f k pmwrf;/ rSwpk ponfw@kd ukd rodr;f &ef/ r,l&efawmif;yefaeonf=h um;rS di;f yswe@f jyefrnfh tytrljzifh f k k odr;f qnf;,lom;=uygonf// xdypPn;f rsm;udk ay;tyfvuygonf[k tdr&irtm; vufrwtwif;xd;k G k kd f fSf S f cdi;f &m/ tyfEwmr[kwf odr;f qnf;,laqmifom;onf[om vufrwa&;xd;k ay;vdufonf[k =um; k HS G k S f k od&ygonf? 7// 19-9-98 &ufae@u OD;ausmfqef;u vdktyfonfhypPnf;rsm;udk wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&; trSwf (6) odk@ vma&mufay;ydk@&efrSm=um;ojzifh rdom;pkuoGm;a&mufydk@&mwGif if;tm; tif;pdefwGJbuf tusOf;axmifodk@ ydk@vdkuf+yDjzpfI ypPnf;rsm;udkrydk@EdkifbJ jyef,lcJh=u&onf[k =um;od&ygonf? 8// xduo@kd tdrjf cHwi;f 0ifa&mufcihf yrde@f r&SbJ jcHuusL;ausm0ifa&mufjcif;onf ydieufusL;vGeonfh k hJ G G d kd f kf f jypfr_ajrmufjcif; y&ma&mufonfhjyif/ w&m;0if&SmazGcGifh/ zrf;qD;ac:aqmifcGifhtrdef@rygbJ/ twif; t=uyfyrl&m a&mufojzifh tav;teufuef@uuvuygonf// G f kd f 9// aemufta=umif;t&mwckrSm 11-9-98 &ufae@wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkvli,f taxmuftultzG@J 0if rcifrrcionf tzG@J csKyf;kH rS naeydi;f rdraetdro@kd jyefom;cJygonf// tdro@kd d d kd f k d f G h f jyefra&mufrD/ '*Hkrdopf (ajrmufydkif;) wGif todrdwfaqGtdrfwtdrfodk@acwW0ifa&muf+yD;/ xdktdrfrS jyefxuvmpOf/ vrf;ckvwf '*Hk rdopf (ajrmufyi;f ) &Sd rE av;vrf;ray:wGif wyfrawmfaxmufvr;f G f kd W S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;u av;bufav;wef twif;ydwq@kd um zrf;0&rf;ryg&bJ t"rRzrf;qD;ac:aqmifom; f dS G onf[k =um;od&onf// 10// rdbrsm;taejzifh (4) &ufcef@=umaomtcg rnfonfae&m/ rnfonftcsewi/f rnfo@kd rnfyjkH zpf h h d f G onfukd rod&ojzifh tvGep;kd &draomua&muf=u&ygonf// aemufawmhrom rde;f uav;wOD;tm;/ f f S &mZ0wfom;yrm twif;ydwq@kd / t"rRzrf;qD;oGm;a=umif;od&ygonf// zrf;qD;olrsm;rSm wyfrawmf f axmufvSrf;a&;trSwf (26) rS wyf=uyfxGef;pdefqdkolOD;pD;onfh tzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpfygonf// xdk@aemuf wyf=uyfxe;f pderS ta&Sydi;f wyfrawmfaxmufvr;f a&;wm0efcH atmifo&qdoxo@kd vGtyfay;vduf G f k S l k l H J k a=umif;od&ygonf// xdkodk@aomtytrlrsm;udk av;eufpGmuef@uGufygonf// (qHk;) 2// (u) OD;ausmfqef;ESifhywfoufI tm%mydkifrsm;.vkyfaqmifcsufrSm tmCmw tvGef}uD;rm;pGm xm;&Sd+yD; tm%mudk w&m;Oya'rJhtvGeftoHk;yvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf// (c) rcifrrciEiywfoufI tm%mydirsm;.vkyaqmifcsurm jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_ xH;k wrf;pOf vmudk d d kd f S hf kf f fS csK;d zJvu+f yD;/ trsK;d orD;i,fwOD;ud/k tm%myditrsK;d om;wpku/ vrf;ay:wGif zrf;qD;ac:aqmif h kd kf oGm;jcif;rSm vH;k 0roifavsmonfupP jzpfonf// h f h d A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd &efuef rd k 1360 jynfhESpf/ owif;u|wfvqef; (2) &uff 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (22) &uf 23? wef@qnfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;azoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;azoef;onf wef@qnfrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (16387) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (66 23) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? wef@qnfrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHarmif/ trd a':at;cifw@dk rS 1943 ckEp/f hJ S rwfv (12) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? OD;azoef;onf wef@qnfrd tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ ZD;uke;f tpd;k & G tv,fwef;ausmif;/ a&$bdk rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ESihf rE av;wuUovw@kd wif 0dZmbJ@G &onf W dk f G txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1966 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd rE Wav;rd q&mjzpfoifausmif;odk@ wuf a&mufconf? 1968 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd wef@qnfrdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef; hJ S f S f jyq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhI 1985 ckESpfwGif wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd rd@e,f*DwaumifpDwGif OuUtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 24? xD;csKdifhre,frJqENe,f? OD;ausmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausm0if;onf xD;csKirqENe,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI f d hf J J G kd k f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (22591) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (67 26) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? xD;csKihf r@d e,f/ uef;eD&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspaqG/ trd a':wif=unfw@dk rS 1947 ckEp/f hJ d G f S atmufwdkbmv (20) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmf0if;onf rE Wav;0dZmESifh ody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H ("mwkaA') bJG@&&SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif Akdvfavmif;oifwef;trSwfpOf (49) odk@ wufa&muf atmifjrifc+hJ y;D jyefwrf;0ift&m&S/d 1975 ckEpwif ol&aumif;rSwwrf;0if/ 1977 ckEpwif Akv}f u;D tqifh Sf G J f Sf G d wyfcr; / 1980 jynfEpwif rdrqENtavsmuf wyfrawmfrEwxuconf? 1982 ckEprS 1986 ckEptxd GJ hSf G d S _ f G f hJ Sf Sf awmifilrde,f ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzJG@wGif 'kwd,OuU/ OuU (,m,D) ponfjzifh aqmif&GufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf pkdufysKd;arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;jzihf toufarG;onf? 25? 'DyJ,if;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;bdkarmif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bkdarmif;onf 'DyJ,if;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (18454) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (77 48) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 'DyJ,if;rdZmwdjzpfonf? 1310 ck e,kefvqef; (14) &ufzGm;/ tz OD;bkd;&Sif/ trd a':csrf;jzLwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ arv (21) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;bdkarmif;onf &efuewuUovrS odyb@GJ ukd 1969 ckEpwif vnf;aumif;/ pm&if;udi'yvdrmudk 1975 ckEpwivnf; kf kd f H` Sf G kfD k Sf Gf aumif;/ rSwfyHkwifa&Sae (R.L) pmar;yJGudk oufaocHOya'*k%fxl;jzifh 1978 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif; toD;oD;atmifjrifconf? 1970 jynfEprS 1984 ckEptxd or0g,r tvkyoift&m&S/d ti,fwef; hJ h S f S f f refae*sm/ or0g,rynmay;pmtkyf (2) tkyf a&;om;cJonf? 1983 ckEpwif or0g,rvkyief;rS tem; h Sf G f ,lI a&Saevkyief;jziftoufarG;onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D f h hS Sf kd wGif rd@e,facgif;aqmifwm0ef,lI rd@e,fvHkcHa&;/ ukefoG,f or rysufpD;atmifxdef;odrf;a&;ESifh ygwaumifpry*Kd~ vw@dk .aetdrrsm;udk yk*Kd~ va&;t& taESmift,SutzsutqD;r&Sap&ef xde;f odr;f a&; D DSk f f f h f f d wd@k ukd aqmif&uconf? OD;bkarmif;onf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (143) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I G f hJ d _ dk f f _ S a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr (11) () ESif h+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufa=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wif D kH D kd JG f S G a=unmcsuftrSwf (984) jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemif (10) ESpftwGif;yvkyfrnfh a&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOfydifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30) &ufae@ 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vkyf=uH wducuowfjzwfr}_ u;D wGif a&Sajy;tjzpf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEitzG@J . ,mOfwef;a&SrS uwifxuf k f kd f S hf d G cGmvmpOf uGyfuJa&;pcef;tjzpftoHk;yxm;onfh qnfajrmif;0ef;a[mif;wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif; cHcJh&onf? 26? 'Dy,if;re,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? J J OD;0if;jrifhatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;jrifhatmifonf 'DyJ,if;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf udk,fpm;y Ita&G;cs,fcHcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (17448)/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef; (70 50) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmuf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1955 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23) &ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? tzOD;bkdpdef.om;/ OD;0if;jrifh
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f atmifonf pdijf yifaus;&Gm tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;ESihf wGbuftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}u;D em; k J aumvdy/f rE av;0dZmESioywuUovw@kd wif odyH` (kuaA') bJ@G &onftxdynm oif=um;cJonf? W hf d H` kd f G Q h 1979 ckEprpI rdbydiqefpuf/ qDpufw@kd wif 0ifa&mufvyuiconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp) SfS kf G k f kd f hJ hS Sf jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif pkijf yifaus;&Gm wGiO;D aqmifI ukeo,v,f&mydif pyg;ESpaomif; D kd d f f G f k f ausmfudkvnf;aumif;/ jynfolydkiftaqmuftODrsm;udkvnf;aumif; umuG,fapmifha&SmufcJhonf? 'Dy,if;rd e,f/ pkijf yifaus;&GmwGiaeonf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (22) &ufae@wif tm%mydirsm;rS axmif J d f S G kf '%f (2) ESpf jypf'%fcsrSwfcJh&m 2004 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25) &ufae@wGif a&$bdkaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 27? eef;,Gef;re,frJqENe,f? OD;ausmfarmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;ausmfarmifonf eef;,Gef;rde,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (1146) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (74 22) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (10) &ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? eef;,Gef;rde,f/ 'HkwD;aus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;auyH.om; jzpfonf? OD;ausmarmifonf 'H[e;f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ cE ;DW rd k f k d tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ xm;0,frd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2)/ aumhu&dwfrd tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (10) wef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@ }uD;=uyfa&;r;Hk; v#Kd0Sufpma&;/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf (22) odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd eef;,Gef;rde,fa&;&mr;/ wdkif;jynfol@ aumifp0if/ rd e,fygw,epftwGi;f a&;r;/ 1985 ckEpwif jynfo@l &wyfz@JG rS ESpjf ynfyifpif,conf? wdi;f D D l Sf G J h l hJ k &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwwif rde,fpnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? G f D G l hJ 28? ykvJre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdeonf ykvJ rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (15874) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 88) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmuf jcif;cHc&onf? tz ODbaxG;/ trd a':r_w@dk rS 1950 jynfEp/f {+yDv (16) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh hJ H hS G onf? ykvJrde,f/ ukuUdKpkaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdefonf wef;jrifhausmif;xGuf pmar;yJukd ,if;rmyifrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifconf? 1969 ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd G hJ S f S f rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpf ykvJ rd e,f/ anmifui;f aus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif; ESihf 0rf;bJcsKiaus;&Gmtkyp/k kd d hf f ydawmufukef;aus;&Gmtpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ rdrdqENtavsmuf Ekwf xGufcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd armfawmf,mOfajy;qJGjcif;vkyfief;udk vkyfukdifvsuf ykvJ rd e,f/ urf;a'giaus;&GmwGiaexdiconf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdetm; pifyitpd;k &zGJ pnf;I Ediiawmf hf f k f hJ f df kfH udawmfveyeuef&ef/ Ediiawmftm; vufeufpuiIawmfveyeuefaom aomif;use;f oltzGJ tpnf; k Sfkf kfH JG kd f Sfkf rsm;ESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;jcif;/ ykefuef&ef tzGJtpnf;rsm;zGJpnf;jcif;rsm;a=umifh[k ta=umif;jyI a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr (11)/ yk'frcJG (1) ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufoltjzpfrS y,fzsuf a=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21)
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &ufae@wGif a=unmcsufxkwfjyefcJhonf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdefonf tdENd,EdkifiHodk xGufcGmvmcJh+yD; jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &ESihf yl;aygi;f cJonf? ,ck tdE,Ekiiwif aexkionf? kfH h N dfH G df 29? ykvJre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmwifhaqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmwifaqGonf ykvJ rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyftm; f h J kd udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (12693) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (61 15) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bcsKd (ajrwdkif;t+idrf;pm;)/ trd a':cifcifwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (8) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? ykvJ rde,f/ rif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'guwmwifaqGonf 1972 ckEpwif G f h Sf G rE av;aq;wuUovrS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1970 jynfEpwif a': jrjrat;ESivufxyfI om;orD; W kd f d hJ hSf G hf (5) OD;xGe;f um;onf? 1974 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd rH&m/ rd om (ige;f ZGe)/ ppfui;f / ykvEihf [de;f ZJ Sf Sf kG f kd JS owWKwGi;f wk@d wif wm0efusq&m0eftjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1988 ckEpwif tpd;k &tr_xrf;tjzpfrS G f G f hJ Sf G EkdifiHa&;vkyf&ef[laomta=umif;jycsufjzifh EkwfxGufcJhonf? a'gufwmwifhaqGtm; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS pifyditpk;d &zJ@G pnf;I Ekiiawmftm;awmfveyeuef&ef/ JG f f dfH Sfkf Ediiawmftm;vufeufuipuif awmfveyeuefaom aomif;use;f oltzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf qufo,y;l kfH dk f GJ kd Sfkf G f aygif;jcif;/ ykefuef&ef tzJG@tpnf;rsm;zJG@pnf;jcif;wdk@a=umifh a&G;aumufyJG@Oya' yk'fr (10) yk'frcJG (1) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH&oltjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@pyg G h kd hS JG pmtrSwf - 745pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif ,lxm;onfwm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ kd G h tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; &yfqi;f cJonf? 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (24) &uf ae@pygpmtrSwf S kd h hS JG 758pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf todtrSwf yxm; kd f kd f f jcif;udk zsuor;f cJonf? a'guwmwifaqGonf tdE,Ediiokd xGucmvmcJ+h y;D jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdiiH f d h f h dN k f H fG kf trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &ESiy;l aygi;f cJonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &0ef}uD;csKyf;kH hf h kfH 0ef}uD; (taemufzufa'o) tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifv#uf&Sdonf? ,ck tdENd,EkdifiHwGifaexkdifonf? 30? yifvnfbl;re,frJqENe,f? OD;jrat; (Aef;armfa&$ndK)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrat;onf yifvnfb;l rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (25497) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (72 69) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHcJh&onf? Aef;armfrde,f/ aemifckdaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pH&(Arm)/ trd a':av; (&Sr;f ) wk@d rS 1930 jynfEpwif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;jrat;onf 1956 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef; atmifjrifcJhonf? hSf G h Sf G kd f 1954 ckESpfrSpI Aef;armfa&$ndKuavmiftrnfjzifh 0wK/ uAsm/ aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJh+yD; 1977 ckESpfwGif c&D;wpfxGm/ wdkufyJGwpf&m 0wKwkdaygif;csKyfpmtkyfudk xkwfcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfEptxd vlxynma&;r; (vlr0efxrf;r;) 0rf;bJtif; (yJc;l )/ yifvnfb;l / tif;awmf/ azmif;jyif/ uif;wyf hSf k _ (armfvu)/ uom? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jy ausmif;q&m/ yifvnf;bl;ESifh dk f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 0ef;odk tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf (9) odk@ wuf a&mufcJh+yD;aemuf 0ef;odkrde,fygwD,lepf pnf;r;/ 1967 ckESpf wGif enf;jyoifwef;trSwfpOf (4) odk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD; Aeo/ Aewwkd@wGif vufaxmufuxdu/ 1973 ckESpfwGif prf;acsmif;rde,f w&m; ol}uD;tzJG@ OuU/ tvkyform; ta&;tcif;tr_wckrS pmayAdrmefyHkESdyfwdkuf w&m;cHajcmufOD;tm; w&m;aov$wfcJhojzifh ygwDrS ac:,lppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;cH&+yD;/ 1976 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif ygwDrS xkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jy ausmif;q&m/ oefvsif tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) ESihf prf; acsmif; tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1)/ 1983 ckEpwif S f G vkyfoufjynfh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS Ekwf xGufcJhonf? ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ atmufwdk bmv (1) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1407) jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? ZeD;rSm a':wifOD;jzpf+yD; om;orD;ckepfa,muf xGef;um;cJhonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1407) (1360 jynfhESpf/ oDwif;u|wfvqef; 11 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv 1 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;jrat;tm; ppfudkif;wdkif;/ yifvnfbl;re,f jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH xm; &oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGihfyjcif;? 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif ppfui;f wdi;f / yifvnfb;l rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqEN D kH D kd JG G kd k $ f e,ftwGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&ol OD;jrat;u rdronf Ediia&;avmuESihf qufo,vyaqmif&ef pdwr&SawmhIvnf;aumif;/ vl@abmifu+kd i;D aiG@+y;D d kfH G f kf f d omoemhabmifo@kd 0ifa&mufc+hJ yD;jzpfIvnf;aumif; rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf d $ f kd f f a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd H f G fG f wifjycJhygonf? 2? txufyg OD;jrat;.wifjycsuft& Taumfr&Sifonf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 11/ yk'frcGJ (i) ESifhtnD OD;jrat;tm; ,ae@rSpI yifvnfbl;rde,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,frS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvduf $ f kd f f H f G fG k a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r;
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 31? azmif;jyifre,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifaomif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifaomif;onf azmif;jyifrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J G kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (18835) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 31) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1955 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23) &ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? azmif;jyifrdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;uHwif.om; jzpfonf? OD;atmifaomif;onf azmif;jyifrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif tajccHynm h txufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1979 ckEprS 1982 ckEptxd azmif;jyifrd@e,f or0g,rwGif h Sf Sf tjcm;tqifh (c)/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd t&efygwD0if/ apwemh0efxrf; t&efrD;owfwyfzJG@ wyf=uyftqif/h r@d rvlra&;tzJ@G bma&;r;/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfykH _ hS Sf D kd }uD;wGif 'Drua&pDwuy0ifa&;tzJ@G owif;ESijhf yef=um;a&;wm0efctjzpf aqmif&uconf? azmif;jyif kd dk f GJ H G f hJ rde,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif rd@e,fpnf;Hk;a&;r;wm0ef ,lcJhonf? 32? Aef;armufre,frJqENe,f? OD;b+idrf;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;b+idr;f onf Aef;armufrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (12889) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (56 09) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f hJ onf? 0ef;odk rd/ *sK;d axmif&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;'Ge;f / trd a':rGew@dk rS 1917 ckEp/f ZGev (22) &uf G f S f ae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;b+idrf;onf Aef;armufrd/ jrefrmtv,fwef;ausmif;wGif owWrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1947 ckEprS 1957 ckEptxd Aef;armufrd e,f z-q-y-v twGi;f a&;r;/ 1962 h Sf Sf ckESpfwGif rd@e,f=uH@cdkifa&;tzJG@ aiGxdef;/ 1963 ckESpfwGif om;zGm;aq;cef;aqmufvkyfa&;tzJG@ aiGxdef;/ 1967 ckEpwif rd r tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD aiGxe;f / 1971 ckEpwif rd OD; Sf G d Sf G apwD uke;f wHwi;f jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD aiGxe;f tjzpf aqmif&uconf? ukeonfvyief;jzifh touf dk d G f hJ f kf arG;onf? 1997 ckEp/f =o*kwv (21) &ufae@xwf tpd;k &ydiowif;pmwGif azmfjyxm;csuuu;kd um;I S f k kf f kd duwmowif;XmerS 21-8-97 &ufae@ owif;w&yfwif ta,muf (40) ajrmuf jynfo@l vwawmf k f G $ f udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufoljzpfa=umif; azmfjycJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (29) &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;yaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD OuUxHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmf $ f kd f dfl S f G h $ f udk,fpm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 33? bkwvifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;[Homjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;[Homjrifonf bkwvifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyftm; h J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (16645) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (80 85) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;odef;azjrifh (pma&;q&m/ uG,fvGef)/ trd a':cif=unf=unf (t+idrf;pm;/ &efuewuUovf lyaA'Xme) wd@k rS 1948 ckEp/f arv (7) &ufae@wif &efuef rd Y arG;zGm;cJonf? zcif kf kd S G k h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f OD;ode;f azjrifrm bkwvifrd Zmwdjzpf+y;D / 1956 ckEprS 1960 jynfEptwGi;f bkwvifrd e,frqENe,frS hS Sf hSf J jynfo@l n!wa&;trsK;d om;wyfaygi;f pk (y-r-n-w) ud,pm;y jynfo@l vwawmftrwfjzpfconf? D G f k f $ f hJ OD;[Homjrifonf 1953 ckEprS 1958 ckEptxd &efuef rd / omoemh&yom&yfuuf r[m"rRmHk ausmif; h Sf Sf k df G 0if;twGi;f &Sd jrLeDpyg,rvwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD; xdausmif;rS (4) wef;atmifjrifconf? D fl k hJ 1958 ckESpf/ ZGefvrS 1964 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dvtxd &efukefwuUodkvfynma&;r[mXme/ avhusifha&; ausmif;wGif yOPrwef;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvrSpI &efuepufrwuUovwif v#yppfqufo,a&;tif*sie,mbmom&yfuoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1970 jynfEp/f kf _ kd f G f G f fD kd hS =o*kwvwGif aemufq;kH ESppmar;yGatmifjrifI pufrtif*sie,m (v#yppfqufo,a&;) bJ@G &cJonf? f f J _ fD f G f h tqdygvwGiyif pmwduEia=u;eef;XmewGif vufaxmuftif*sie,m oifwef;q&mtjzpf 0efxrf; k f k f S hf f D b0 pwifcJhonf? rGefjynfe,f/ u&ifjynfe,f/ weoFm&D wdkif;wdk@wGif e,fydkifa=u;eef;0efaxmuf tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pDrHudef;tif*sifeD,mtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ jynfe,frefae*smtjzpfvnf;aumif; armfvrdif/ ykodrf/ awmif}uD;/ &efukefrdrsm;wGiftajcpdkufI jrefrmjynftESHtjym; vSnfhvnfwm0ef xrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / 1986 ckEprpI 'kw,}u;D =uyfr_ tif*sie,m (rdua0hz) tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifchJ SfS d fD k U kd f onf? EdkifiHwm0efxrf;aqmifpOfumvtwGif; qGD'ifEdkifiH/ udk&D;,m;orRwEdkifiH/ *syefEdkifiH/ pifumyl orRwEdiiw@kd wif u|r;f usiroifwef;rsm;ESihf vkyief;cGioifwef;rsm; wufa&mufconf? 1986 ckEp/f kfH G f_ f f hJ S ZlvivtwGi;f xdi;f Edii/H befaumufrdwGiusi;f yaom tm&SEiypdzwa'o a=u;eef;qufo,a&; kd f k kf f S hf d f G f tzG@J . pufrqi&mtpnf;ta0;od@k jrefrmEdiiu,pm;vS,tzG@J . tzG@J acgi;f aqmiftjzpfwufa&mufchJ _ kd f k f H kd f f onf? 1988 ckEp/f =o*kwvESihf pufwifbmv jynfo@l 'rua&pDvy&m;r_}u;D wGif b0wl0efxrf;rsm;ESihf S f D kd _fS twl yg0ifvy&m;cJonf? 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmvwGif wm0efrt+ir;f pm;ay;jcif;cHc&onf? 1989 _fS h S kd S d hJ ckEp/f azazmf0g&vwGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf yJc;l wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J / wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;r; (t&ef) S D kd k k tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? yJc;l wdi;f (28) rde,ftES@H pnf;H;k a&;vkyief;rsm;aqmif&uconf? hJ k f G f hJ 1989 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkukefoG,fpD;yGm;tzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpf yg0if cJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7) &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS a=unmcJhonf? 34? bkwvifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;cifarmifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;cifarmifat;onf bkwvifrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf J kd tm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (19733) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 22) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? tz OD;ode;f / trd a':pde;f &ifw@kd rS 1948 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (10) &ufae@wif hJ S D G arG;zGm;cJhonf? bkwvifrdZmwd jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifat;onf 1953 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd bkwvifrd tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;wGiynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1963-64 ckEpwif rE av;rd vSoyH` f Sf G W d tvGwynmoifausmif;rS (10) wef; atmifjrifconf? 1964 ckEprS 1968 ckEptxd rE av; 0dZmESihf f hJ Sf Sf W odywuUovwif wwd,ESptxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1968-69 ckEpwif &efue0ZmESihf odywuUovf H` kd f G f Sf G kfd H` kd wGif pwkwESpfodk@ajymif;a&$ ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; xdkESpfwGifyif ody`H (owWaA') bJG@ &&SdcJhonf? 1970
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfhESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd a&$bdkrd/ ig;vkyfief;OD;pD;XmewGif 0ifa&muftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1974-1975 ckEpwif rdbvufiwf ud,yivyief;jzpfaom qDpufvyief;vkyui&ef 0efxrf;b0rS Ekwxuconf? Sf G k k f kd f k f kf f kd f f G f hJ 1992 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (5) &ufae@wGif uG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (28) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1031) jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 35? rHk&Gmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;=unfp;/ trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,ve) kd d kd f G f OD;=unfp;dk onf rH&mrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; kG J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (49566) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (80 96) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmuf jcif;cHc&onf? 1935 ckEp/f rwfv (14) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;[ef.om; jzpfonf? OD;=unfp;kd onf hJ S G 1958 ckESpfwGif 0dZmbGJ@&&SdcJh+yD; 1959 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfokd@0ifcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif 'kwyf&if;r; tqifhjzifh cv& (94) rS rdrdqENtavsmufEkwfxGufcJhonf? pdefr#m;pwkd;/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrff;/ bk&m;}uD;&yfuGuf/ rHk&GmrdwGifaeonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif wEdiiv;kH twdi;f twmjzifh ckivrta&twGuf 'kw,trsm;qH;k &&Sojl zpfonf? 2004 ckEp/f Zlviv kfH k d f kH J d d S kd f (29) &ufae@wGif rHk&GmrdaetdrfY uG,fvGefonf? 36? rHk&Gmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmatmifonf rHk&Gmrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;y I 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (47933) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (78 97) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? ajrmifrd e,f/ a&$yef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifcsw.om; jzpfonf? hJ d f 1935 ckEp/f arv (9) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;apmatmifonf acsmif;OD;rd taemuf&yf tpd;k &rlvwef; S G ausmif;/ rH&mrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ rE av;aumvdyEihf &efuewuUovw@kd wif bDtufppb@JG & kG W fS kf kd f G fD onftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1960 jynfEprS 1968 ckEptxd rH&mrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif h hSf Sf kG txufwef;jyq&mtjzpfEihf wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; 0dZmESihf Oya'0dZmbJ@G rsm; ajzqkatmifjrifconf? S d hJ 1969 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd txufwef;a&Sae/ A[dw&m;H;k a&Sae/ w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpfvuyg S f S f k kd f aqmif&uconf? 1985 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd ygwpwtwGi;f a&;r;/ rd@e,faumifp0if (tcseyi;f ) G f hJ S f S f D d f D d f kd tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 37? rif;uif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;bdk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;bkdonf rif;uif;rde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0if a&muf ,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (18435) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (55 37) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? rif;uif;rd e,f/ tifyifvaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;zd;k tke;f / trd a':pdeat;wd@k rS 1927 hJ S f ckEp/f Zlviv (8) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;bkonfarmufuawmfaus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif; S kd f G h d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wGif ynmoif=um;aepOf 'kw,urBmppf}u;D jzpfvmI pwkwwef;ESihf ausmif;xGuc&onf? xdrS rdbESihf d f hJ k twlawmifovyuiconf? 1952 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd opfvyief;/ qDpuf/ qefpuf/ puftydypPn;f l k f kd f hJ Sf Sf kf k qkdif ponfjzifh udk,fydkifvkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifcJhonf? rif;uif;rde,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif bma&;r;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (16) &ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf? 38? jrif;rlre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;bmbm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bmbmonf jrif;rlrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (16477) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (73 08) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1933 ckEp/f rwfv (1) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;[kwpe.om; jzpfonf? hJ S G fdf OD;bmbmonf 1963 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZmbJG@&&SdcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ynma&;0efxrf;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy,if; aoG;acsmif;pD; hJ S J vkyf=uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;twGif; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16) &ufae@wGif a&$bdkaxmifrS jyefvGwfonf? 39? jrif;rlre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifaiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifaiGonf jrif;rlrde,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (16151) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (72 11) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ppfui;f r@d e,f/ &GmaxmifZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;zd;k pd;k / trd a':r#iw@kd rS 1941 hJ kd f ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (6) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifaiGonf jrif;rlrdtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;xd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1964 ckEpwif rdwvm xGepufarmif;oifwef;ausmif;wufconf? h Sf G D f hJ 1965 ckEprS 1971 ckEptxd pufrv,f,m0efxrf;/ 1971 ckEpwif tvkyrEwxuI Ed@k qvyief;/ Sf Sf _ Sf G fS_ f G f D kf awmif,m vkyief;vkyuiconf? 1976 ckEpwif a':aX;=unfEivufxyfconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 f f kd f hJ Sf G S hf hJ hS ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif oydwaumfrwD 'kw,OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? jrif;rl Sf D kd f d G f hJ rde,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif rd@e,fpnf;Hk;a&;r;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 40? ajrmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;0if;&Se/f woD;yk*v? d ~ OD;0if;&Seonf ajrmifrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif woD;yk*vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m df J ~ S f hJ cdkifvHkrJ (9749) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (39 39) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ajrmifrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;az/ trd a':=unfw@kd rS 1948 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (25) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh S D G onf? OD;0if;&Seonf ajrmifrd e*g;Hausmif;/ ajrmifrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ rE av;rd &wemyHEihf df k W kS vSoyausmif;ESihf &efue0ZmESihf odywuUovw@kd wif ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD;/ odyH` (ukexw"mwkaA') d H` k f d H` kd f G f k f bGJ@ &&SdcJhonf? 1971-72 ckESpfwGif awmifolvkyfief;vkyfukdifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f txufwef;jy ausmif;q&m (ajrmif-ausmuf&pfwGJzuftpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;)/ 1974 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jyq&mr a':cifrsK;d wifEihf vufxyfconf? 1975-76 ckEpwif lyaA'q&m/ tm;opfenf;jy hS hJ Sf G (rE av;rd)/ 1976-77 ckEpwif txufwef;jyq&m (a&pud ycef;eD;i,f/ wGzuf tpd;k &txufwef; W Sf G J ausmif;)/ 1977 ckEprS 1982 ckEptxd enf;jycsKyf/ ajrmifO;D 0if;&Sef enf;jy/ 1982 ckEp/f {+yvrS 1983 Sf Sf d S D ckEp/f Zlvivtxd (16) v=umr# rE av;tusO;f axmifwif yk'r 10 (u) jzifh xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? S kd f W G f hJ 1983 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd usL&Siq&m/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D Sf Sf f hS Sf D kd wGif rde,foydwwyfcacgi;f aqmif/ 1988-89 ckEpwif ajrmifrde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif f JG Sf G kd G H;k tkywm0efEihf rd e,fpnf;H;k a&; wm0efctjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1990 jynfEp/f Zefe0g&v (2) &uf f S H G f hJ hS D ae@wif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyrS Ekwxuconf? rlvu trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; G kd f f G f hJ kd f k f yI a&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Of ydi&efjzpfaomfvnf; tzG@J csKyf (A[d) rS ,cif ynma&;0ef}uD;Xme JG G S f k 'kw,0ef}uD; ('kw,Advr; }uD;a[mif;) OD;atmifxe;f tm; ajrmifrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) twGuf d d k f G J ud,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf owfrwcojzifh tzG@J csKyfrEwxu+f y;D woD;yk*vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,Of yichJ k f f S f hJ Sk f G ~ S df jcif;jzpfonf? a&G;aumufywif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;axmufcaom woD;yk*vtjzpf a=unmcJh JG G H ~ onf? rJqEN&iwOD;jzpfol a'guwmausmEixe;f rS a&G;aumufyuef@uuvmwifoi;f cJojzifh cH;kH . Sf f f kd f G JG G f $ G h k =um;emppfaq;r_cHcJh&onf? 41? ajrmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;rif;oGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rif;oGifonf ajrmifrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (9941) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (41 07) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? wkduf}uD;rd@e,f/ zvHkaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;yk/ trd a':wkwfwdk@rS 1952 ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;rif;oGifonf zvHktpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ wdkuf}uD;rd tpdk;&tv,fwef; ausmif;wkd@wGif qXrwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGif bDtrfyDwyfodk@ 0ifa&mufconf? 1942 ckEpwif Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bD-tki-at) wGivnf;aumif;/ 1945 hJ Sf G G f df f ckEpwif {&m0wDwi;f wGivnf;aumif; e,fcsJ zufqpfw@dk uwe;f vSewucuconf? xkrS oeu (1)/ Sf G dk f kd G f dk f dk f hJ d rdwvmrd od@k 0ifa&mufcI 1946 ckEpwif AdvcsKyatmifqef; vSnvnfpnf;H;k a[majym&mwGif Advrif; D hJ Sf G k f f hf k f vGif/ AdkvfxGef;vSwkd@ESifhtwl 1947 ckESpftxd AkdvfcsKyf.vHkcHa&;wm0efudk xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd aomif;usef;r_ESdrfESif;a&;wyf/ 1958 ckESpfwGif jynfapmifh&Jwyf&if;/ EkdifiHawmf orRw. ud,&awmfwyfcr; / 1961 ckEpwif (10) wef;pmar;yGujdk yifyrS ajzqkatmifjrifconf? 1966 k fH GJ Sf G J d hJ ckESpfwGif &Srf;oeu (1)/ dk;rppfqifa&;a&Swef;wyfcJGr;/ ppfa=umif;r;/ AuyESifhwkdufyJGwGif ajcaxmuf ESpfzufpvHk;'%f&m&I jzwfawmufcJh&+yD; 1968 ckESpfwGif (aq;) t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif awmifOuUvmyrd@e,faumifp0if/ 1980 jynfEpwif vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if (wwd,qif) &onf? D h S f G f G h 1350 jynfEp(1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif 0ef;okd rd e,fY yg0ifconf? ppfui;f wki;f hSf Sf D kd hJ kd d trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif 'kwd,OuUtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 42? armfvdkufre,frJqENe,f? OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifarmif0if;onf armfvuf rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; dk J G kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (11249) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (63 69) jzihf a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? armfvuf r@d e,f/ uif;wyfZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ndKOD;/ trd a':oef;=unfw@kd rS 1955 ckEp/f hJ dk S azazmf0g&v (21) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wifarmif0if;onf uif;vkutpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;/ D G h d f armfvdkuftpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;atmifonftxd oif,lcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfEptxd rd e,fueo,a&;ESihf or0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ 1980 jynfEprS 1990 jynfEptxd hSf kf G f hSf hSf a&'D,atmfya&wm oifwef;rsm;wuf+yD; ud,yif a&'D,/dk uufqufyjyifa&;vkyief;vkyuiconf? kd k f kd f f kd f hJ 43? ,if;rmyifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;Adkvfaomif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Adkvfaomif;onf ,if;rmyifrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (15647) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 95) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? acsmif;OD;rdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&ef/ trd a': }uD;wd@k rS 1947 ckEp/f Zlviv hJ S kd f (31) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;Adkvfaomif;onf ukwdk;ukef;&yftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ acsmif;OD;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif ajccHynmoif,c+hJ y;D rE av;0dZmESioywuUovrS 1973 ckEpwif G l W hf d H` kd f Sf G ody`H (lyaA') bJG@&&SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd ausmufarSmfwJGbuf tpdk;&tv,fwef; ausmif;ESitpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif wJbuftv,fwef;jyq&mESihf txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf hf G G vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvqef;wGif tdENd,EdkifiHodk xGufcGmvmcJhonf? xdk@aemuf xdi;f -jrefrme,fpyfwif tajcyI Ediia&;v_y&m;r_rsm;aqmif&ucI 2005 ckEp/f ZGev (8) &ufae@wif k G kfH fS G f hJ S f G ukvor*~'uonfrsm;qdi&mr[mrif;}u;D H;k . tpDtpOfjzifh Ed@k z;kd 'kuonfpcef;rSwqifh aemfa0Ediio@kd k Q kf Q kfH rdom;pkESifhtwl xGufcGmcJh+yD; ,cktcg aemfa0EkdifiHwGif aexkdifonf? 44? ,if;rmyifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifxGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxGef;atmifonf ,if;rmyifrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (15390) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (72 33) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? 'duO;D rdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wif/ trd a':ode;f wifw@dk rS 1937 f hJ k f f ckEp/f arv (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wifxe;f atmifonf &efuewuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G / owif; S G h G kf dk f pmoifwef;ausmif;rS owif;pm'DyvdkrmbJG@&cJhonf? jrefrmhtoH/ jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmESifh jrefrmh owif;pOf t*Fvyf (EdiijH cm;) t,f'wmtjzpf ESpaygi;f (30) cef@ aqmif&uconf? 'duO;D rd e,ftoif; d kf D f G f hJ k f (&efue) wnfaxmifol OuU/ 'kw,OuU/ twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? *s'tmod@k owif; kf d G f hJ DD pmavhvma&;c&D;oGm;cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dwwfoynm&SiwOD;tjzpfEihf tzG@J csKyf h kd k d f S A[dk jyef=um;a&;tzG@J 0ifwOD;tjzpf aqmif&uconf?jrefrmhEiia&;ESihf ocifbaomif; pmtkytm; G f hJ kd f H f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wifxe;f atmif (jrefrmhtvif;) uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;om;cJonf? 2004 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (7) G h S &ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf vGwfajrmufe,fajrodk@ wdrf;a&Smifa&muf&SdcJhonf? 45? a&OD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef;atmifaX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef;atmifaX;onf a&OD;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16190) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 26) f k f S d f hJ d f H k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? wef@qnfrd@e,f/ acsmif;dk;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b&ef/ trd a':=unfarwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (4) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef; atmifaX;onf acsmif;d;k tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ rE av; pde@f ywm tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ arrd pde@f W D tJvbwfausmif;wkd@wGif tajccHynm oif=um;cJh+yD;aemuf rE Wav;aq;wuUodkvfrS 1971 ckESpfwGif q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1966 ckEpwif a':cifrm=unfEivufxyfconf? 1977 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd d hJ Sf G S hf hJ Sf Sf a&OD;rd e,for0g,r wm0efcq&m0ef/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif H hS Sf D kd rde,f+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhvHkcHa&;tzJG@ aiGxdrf;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? a&OD;rde,f trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 46? a&OD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;0if;udk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;0if;udonf a&OD;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; k J kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16304) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 44) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHcJh&onf? a&OD;rdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oD0H/ trd a': jrwifwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ {+yDv (11) &ufae@ wGif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;0if;udonf a&OD;rdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ rE av;wuUovEihf h k W kd f S ynma&;wuUovf (&efue) wk@d wif ynma&;bJ@G (bDt;D 'D) &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1968 kd k f G h ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd a&OD;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ oD0H Sf Sf onm pmykHESdyfpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuf trSwf (903) jzifh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS OD;0if;udtm; a&G;aumuf D kH D kd GJ f k wifajrmufc&oltjzpfry,fzsua=umif; a=unmcJonf? a=unmcsuwif OD;0if;ukonf pifyditpk;d & H S f h f G d f zJ@G pnf;I Ediiawmfudk awmfveyeuef&efEihf vufeufpuiawmfveyeuefaom aomif;use;f oltzJ@G kfH Sfkf S JG kd f Sfkf tpnf;rsm;ESihf qufo,yaygi;f aqmif&ujf cif;rsm;yvkycI a&G;aumufy@GJ Oya'yk'r (11)/ yk'rcJG (q) G fl G f hJ f f ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH&oltjzpfrS y,fzsufa=umif;azmfjyxm;onf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wif rme,fyavmYzG@J pnf;cJonfh jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f G h kfH tpd;k &tzG@J wif bma&;ESitcGeawmf0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf aqmif&uconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pD G hf f G f hJ kd tzG@J csKyfrS 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@pyg pmtrSwf - 745pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drkd hS JG ua&pD tzG@J csKyfwi,xm;onfh wm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; &yfqi;f cJonf? Gf l S kd h 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (22) &uf ae@pygpmtrSwf - 755pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J h S JG kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f csKy. v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf todtrSwf yxm;jcif;udk zsuor;f cJonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH f f kd f f f d h kf trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &wm0efrsm;udxrf;aqmif&if; 1993 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (28) &ufaewif wkwf k S D G EdkifiH/ ulrif;rd&Sd a[mfw,fwckwGif vkyf=uHowfjzwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 47? a&$bdkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmatmifbdk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmatmifbonf a&$bkd rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f dk J kd tm; ud,pm;yI0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (31270) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (60 78) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? a&$bkd rde,f/ ausmufajrmif;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f wef/ trd a':aomif; hJ aomif;wk@drS 1952 ckESpf/ arv (7) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmatmifbkdonf rE Wav;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (14) ESihf tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (12)/ rE av;aq;wuU W odvw@kd wif q&m0efb@GJ &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? ud,yiaq;ukcef; zGivptoufarG;onf? k f G h k f kd f hf S f 1996 ckEp/f ZGev (7) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unm S f G D kH D kd JG f csuftrSwf (1264) jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 48? a&$bdkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;xGe;f onf a&$bkd rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (36958) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (69 43) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHcJh&onf? a&$bkdrdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;btkef;/ trd a':=unfwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;oef;xGef;onf a&$bdkrd/ tdENm&yf tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ a&$bdk vSoyausmif;wk@d wif q,fwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJI 1973 ckEpwif &efuepufrwuU d H` G h Sf G kf _ odvrS tif*sie,mbJ@G &&Sconf? 1978 ckEpwif a':rlrEihf vufxyfconf? rdbd;k &m a&$ta&mif;t0,f k f fD d hJ Sf G lS hJ vkyief;vkyuionf? 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&vtwGi;f e0wrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D a&$baxmifY tusO;f f f kd f S D kd cscH&um 1992 ckESpf/ arv (13) &ufaewGif axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28) &ufaewGif jynfolv$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D kH D kd usi;ya&;aumfr&Sif f a=unmcsuftrSwf (1009) (1353 ckESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 10 &uf) (1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 28 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;oef;xGe;f tm; ppfui;f wdi;f a&$bkdre,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf (2) kd k $ f J
159
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS $ f kd f f H EkwfxGufjcif;? 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ppfui;f wdi;f a&$bkd rd e,f D kH D kd JG G kd kd k jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwif $ f J $ f kd f f ajrmufcxm;&ol OD;oef;xGe;f u use;f rma&;tajctaea=umifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; H d $ f kd f vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENt& Taumfr&Sif f H f G fG od@k wifjycJygonf? h 2? Txufyg OD;oef;xGe;f .wifjycsut& aumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r f f $ f JG f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;oef;xGe;f tm; ,ae@rpI a&$bkd rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f trSwf f hf S $ f (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf y $ f kd f f H f G fG vdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 49? v[,fre,frJqENe,f? OD;cydk;udkifvHk/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD? OD;cyd;k udivonf v[,frde,frqENe,fwif em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygwtm; k f kH J G D ud,pm;yI0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (4053) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (86 64) jzifh a&G;cs,f wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1933 ckEp/f =o*kwv (16) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;ygEr;f .om; jzpfonf? hJ S f G G OD;cyd;k udivonf cE ;DW tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ &efuef pHjytpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif ynmoif k f kH k G =um;cJ+h y;D owWrwef;atmifjrifconf? 1959-60 ESprsm;wGif y-x-p (oef@&i;f z-q-y-v tzG@J ) hJ f S wGif cdipnf;H;k a&;r;/ 1974 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd cE ;DW rd e,f awmifty/f 1989 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm; kf Sf Sf k Sf G d ,lconf? em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygwD A[dOuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? hJ k G f hJ 50? av&SD;re,frJqENe,f? OD;a'G;aygh/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD? OD;a'G;aygonf av&S;D rd e,frqENe,fwif em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygwtm; ud,pm; h J G D k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (3300) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (69 86) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ cHc&onf? av&S;D rd e,f/ qGr&maus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wmvdi;f ayg/h trd a':umaomao;wd@k rS hJ R k 1947 ckEpwiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;a'G;aygonf qGr&maus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ [oFmwrd u&if Sf Gf h h R ESpfjcif;c&pf,mefomoemausmif;wdk@wGif tv,fwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? xd@k aemuf tif;pdef rd ESpjf cif;"rRwuUovwif av;ESpoifwef; wufa&mufatmifjrifcI em*awmif kd f G f hJ wef;a'o/ em*ESpjf cif;c&pf,meftzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf (2) ESp/f wefueem*,Ofaus;r_ Gf aumfrwD bma&;r;tjzpf (10) ESp/f wefueem*tm;um OuUtjzpf yg0ifaqmif&uconf? Gf G f hJ awmif,mvkyuionf? ZeD;rSm a':auao;jzpf+y;D om;orD; (5) OD;xGe;f um;onf? f kd f G
160
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161
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f cHc&onf? tz OD;eoefo;D / trd a':&Dw@dk rS 1956 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (8) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ S D G h OD;apmv_ionf 1974 ckEpwif tif;awmftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef; (ody) udk ocsmbmom df Sf G H` F ESihf "mwkaA'bmomrsm;wGif *k%x;l &&S+d y;D atmifjrifconf? 1980 jynfEpwif &efuewuUovpmay; f hJ hSf G kf kd f pm,loifwef;rS 0dZmbJ@G ('\eduaA') udk rsuarSmuf'\e*k%x;l jzifatmifjrifcI r[m0dZm f f h hJ aemufq;kH ESpoifwef;od@k wufa&muf cJonf? 1982 ckEpwif tdycs*syD (w&m;r*k%x;l )/ 1987 ckEpwif f h Sf G f f D f Sf G tm&ft,fvf (ajr,m*k%x;l ) jzifh atmifjrifc+hJ yD; w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpfvuygaqmif&uconf? f dk f G f hJ 1976 ckEp/f r_i;f &mjynfEiywfoufI axmif'%f (9) ESpuscc&onf? 1978 ckEpwif EdiiawmfaumifpD S d h S hf f H hJ Sf G kfH a=unmcsujf zifh t+yD;tjywfvwonf? wuUovpmay;pm,loifwef;/ tif;awmfvi,fa&;&m n G f kd f l ausmif;wk@d wif apwemq&mtjzpfaqmif&uconf? OD;apmv_ionf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv G G f hJ df hS (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrf J $ f dk f wGif usi;f yyvkyaom ,m,Dtpk;d &v#Kd 0Suz@GJ pnf;a&; tpnf;ta0;ESihf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv f f hS (30) &ufae@u rE av;taemufawmifrde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf;kH wGif yvkyaom ,m,D W kd f tpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcI oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? f hJ kd f hJ jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (122) (1) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (11) (n) _ kd f f _ S GJ f ESi+hf idpe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; G f dk f f S f dk f D kH D kd aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyf JG f S G h G rnfa&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf;ydwyifa=umif; a=unmcJonf? 1992 ckEp/f arv (27) h JG S d f G hf kd f h S &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrjS yefvwonf? G f G f 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uwucuowfjzwfr}_ u;D wGif a&Sajy; S J H kd f kd f tjzpf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEitzG@J . ,mOfwef;a&SrS armfawmfqiu,fjzifh udwifxucmvmpOf S hf dk f G fG uGyua&;pcef;tjzpf toH;k yxm;onfh qnfajrmif;0ef;a[mif;wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cH&I xdrwqifh f J kS a&$baxmifwif ajymif;a&$xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&&mrS 2004 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (16) &ufae@wif a&$baxmifrS kd G hJ S D G kd jyefvwonf? G f 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwf S f G $ f k f S $ awmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyfrlI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? S f G h $ f kd f 2005 ckEp/f rwfv (30) &ufae@wif ae@vnf(3) em&Dtcsewif tif;awmfrd aetdrrS zrf;qD; S G df G f ac:aqmifI uomaxmifwixe;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 2005 ckEp/f arv (26) &ufae@wif uomcdif Gf d hJ S G k w&m;H;k rS 1962 ckEp/f yHEyorsm;ESixwa0olrsm; rSwywifOya' yk'r (16) jzifh axmif'%f (5) ESp/f S k dS f l hf k f f kH f yk'r (20) jzifh axmif'%f (7) ESp/f pkpaygi;f axmif'%f (12) ESpf pD&ifcsucsconf? f k f hJ
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jrefrmEdii.awmifbuftpGeq;kH wGif wnf&onf? ajrmufvwWw'f (9) 'D*&D (58) rdepfEihf kfH f dS D G S (15) 'D*&D (06) rdepftwGi;f wnf&onf? taemufbufwif rGejf ynfe,f/ ta&SbufEihf ta&Sawmif dS G S bufwif xdi;f Edii/H taemufbufwif uy`vyifv,fjyifw@kd Eihf e,ferwcsi;f qufpyfvsu&onf? G k kf G D S dd f f dS {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (16735) us,0ef;onf? wdi;f rd awmfrm xm;0,frd jzpfonf? kf f k S weoFm&Dwi;f wGif rJqENe,f (13) e,fY Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (7) ck tm;ud,pm;y ,SOf yif kd kfH D k f d olvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (45) OD;0ifa&muf,Of yic=hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (13) $ f kd f f S df kd ae&mpvH;k a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? f 1? aumhaomif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;vSrif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSrif;onf aumhaomif;rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI J G kd f k f 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (8652) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 8) jzihf a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;atmifvi/f trd a':at;=unfw@dk rS 1939 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (11) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh hJ d_ S G onf? OD;vSrif;onf a&ausmtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (&efue) rS 1962 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef; f kf Sf G kd f d hJ Sf G atmifjrifcI 1966 ckEpwif pD;yGm;a&;wuUovrS (B.Eco.) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1966-67 ckEpwif tvkyf hJ Sf G kd f oift&m&Sd (pDrbm)/ 1967 ckEpf rS 1978 ckEptxd r@d e,fueo,a&;refae*sm(oHawmif/ =ucif;/ H S Sf kf G f H usKH aysm/f ykor)/ xd@k aemufwm0efrS t+idr;f pm;,lconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf weoFm&Dwi;f df hJ kd dk wJbufpnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? A[dk OD;pD;tzG@J 0if/ weoFm&Dwi;f pnf;H;k a&;wm0efcH OD;vSrif;udk G l hJ kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Oya'ESitnD a&SaejzifccacsycGiray;bJ/ 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (u) jzifh hf hkH hf hS H_ f axmif'%f (&) ESpjf ypf'%fcsrwconf// S f hJ 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy,if; aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uwucuowfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfym; S J H kd f kd f G t+y;D ppfaxmufvr;f a&;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&&mrS 2003 ckEpf Zlviv (15) &ufae@wif jyefvwf S hJ S dk f G G onf? 2? u|ef;pkre,frJqENe,f? OD;cifarmifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifO;D onf u|e;f pkrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm;ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (13568) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (81 26) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;bcif.om;jzpfonf? 1925 ckEp/f rwfv (23) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? anmifO;D rd hJ S G Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifO;D onf anmifO;D rdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ESihf a&eHacsmif;rd trsK;d om; txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif ud;k wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1942 ckEpwif tm&Svi,f apwemh G h Sf G l 0efxrf;wm0efc/H 1943 ckEpwif ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at)/ ysO;f rem;wGi0ifconf? 1945 Sf G f D f hJ ckEp/f *syefawmfvea&;wGif rsK;d cspArmhwyfrawmf (yDbtufz) jrpf0u|e;f ay:wki;f ESihf wki;f (6) wyf=uyf}u;D / S Sf f D f d d 1946 ckEpwif anmifO;D r@d e,f z-q-y-v wJzuftwGi;f a&;r;ESihf uGejf rLepfygwD twGi;f a&;r;/ xdrS Sf G G k jynfo&abmfXmecsKyf H;k wm0ef/f 1947 ckEpwif wyfpr; / aomif;use;f r_ErEi;f a&;wyf/ 1948 ckEprS lJ Sf G k dS f S Sf 1962 ckEptxd jynfaxmifpppf&J wyfcr; / wyf&if;r;/ 1962 ckEpwif Armhwyfrawmfo@dk toGiu;l Sf k GJ Sf G f ajymif;I wyf&if;r; (Advr; tqif) jzifh 1970 jynfEptxd/ 1970 jynfEpwif Advr; tqifjh zifh pufr0ef}u;D k f h hSf hSf G k f _ Xmeod@k ajymif;a&$I 1982 ckEptxd pufr0ef}u;D Xme pufr; / !$e=f um;a&;r;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifchJ Sf _ kH onf? 1982 ckEpwif oufjynfyifpif,conf? vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if ('kw,qif)/ yxrESipwkw Sf G h l hJ f G d h hf t}udrf ygwnvmcHu,pm;vS,/f wyfwi;f ynmay; twGi;f a&;r;wm0efw@dk ukd aqmif&uconf? D D kd f G G f hJ rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[daumfrwD0if/ wyfr; a[mif;rsm; (85) OD; tzJ@G 0iftjzpf wm0ef,conf? fJ k l hJ 3? weoFm&Dre,frJqENe,f? OD;0if;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;OD;onf weoFm&Drde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (8542) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (89 36) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;ode;f / trd a':oef;a&$w@dk rS 1962 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (30) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh hJ S kd G onf? weoFm&Drd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;0if;OD;onf rlvwef;rSq,fwef;txd weoFm&Drd tpd;k & txufwef; ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1983 ckEpwif Advwaxmifrd@e,f (&efuewi;f ) rS q,fwef; h Sf G k f k f dk atmifjrifconf? 1987 ckEpwif &efue0ZmESioywuUovrS jrefrmpmt"dujzifh 0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? hJ Sf G k f d hf d H` kd f d hJ 4? xm;0,fre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pk;d !Ge@f onf xm;0,frd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (17059) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (84 83) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;=uifaz/ trd a':pkw@dk rS 1933 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (12) &ufae@wif hJ S G arG;zGm;cJonf? ykavmrd Zmwdjzpf onf? OD;pk;d !Ge@f onf q,fwef;udxm;0,ftpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS h k 1954 ckEpwivnf;aumif;/ bDtufppb@GJ ukd &efuewuUovrS 1959 ckEpwivnf;aumif; atmifjrif Sf Gf fD kf kd f Sf Gf cJonf? 1957-58 ckEpwif &efuewuUovf xm;0,fcditoif; twGi;f a&;r;/ 1959 ckEprS 1968 h Sf G kf kd kf Sf txd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tif[,fZ,fwdkiftpdk;& txufwef;ausmif; (xm;0,f) ESifh ykavmtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ 1969 ckEpwif ynma&;wuUovrS ynma&;'DyvdrmbJ@G &&Sconf? Sf G kd f k d hJ 1963 ckEprS 1977 ckEptxd ausmif;tky}f u;D / armif;rueftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ESihf =uufpmjyif Sf Sf tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1977 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1977 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd ocsm Sf G d hJ Sf Sf F usL&Siq&m/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf weoFm&Dwi;f pnf;H;k a&;tzJ@G 0iftjzpf wm0ef,conf? f kd dk l hJ 1991 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (10) &ufae@wif uG,vea=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f S k G f Gf D kH D kd JG ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (14) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (976) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unm f S k G f cJonf? h 5? xm;0,fre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;rsKd;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rsK;d atmifonf xm;0,frd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm; yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (17906) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (86 69) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;btk/d trd a':apmcifw@dk rS 1929 ckEp/f rwfv (20) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onfh hJ S G e0rajrmufom; jzpfonf? xm;0,frdZmwdjzpfonf? OD;rsK;d atmifonf xm;0,frd OD;yd&ifausmif;/ trsK;d om;ausmif;ESihf xm;0,ftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / ausmif;om; oHr%d G wyfwif yg0ifconf? ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmfwif wyfom;tjzpf pwif0ifa&mufc&mrS zufqpfawmf G hJ f G hJ vSefa&;wGif rsKd;cspfwyfrawmfY wkdif; (5) wGif 'kwd,Adkvf/ 'kwd,urBmppft+yD; &efukefwuUokdvf bDtpaumvdyo@dk wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJonf? 'kw,ESptif*sie,moifwef;rqH;k rD wyfrawmf kd D f h d f fD wGif wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&mufconf? Advavmif;oifwef; 'kw,ywfqif; (=unf;-5608) 'kw,Advf hJ k f d d k tjzpf trSwf (1) cv&ESihf trSwf (2) oeu/ Advr; tjzpf trSwf (17) cv& (e,fjcm;a'otkycsKya&;)/ k f f f 1975 ckEpwif vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if ('kw,qif) &onf? 1963-64 ckEpwif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk Sf G f G d h Sf G uGyurEihf ppfO;D pD;wuUovo@kd wufa&mufatmifjrifconf? 1967 ckEpwif ta&Stv,fyi;f ppfyGJ f J_S kd f hJ Sf G kd ukvor*~ typftcwf&yfpr}_ u;D =uyfa&;tzJ@G / jrefrmh ppftuJcwfrpf&itzJ@G acgi;f aqmiftjzpf udiiEihf J Sf k f dk f S a*sqvifw@kd o@kd oGm;a&mufconf? xdrtrSwf (106) cr&wyf&if;r;/ EkiiawmfumuG,a&;enf;jyr;/ k hJ kS dfH f 'kw,Advr; }u;D / Advr; }u;D tjzpftv,fyi;f wdi;f ppfXmecsKyf wki;f OD;pD;csKy/f &efuef r@d awmf pnfyifom,m d k f k f kd k d k a&;tzJ@G rif;}u;D ESihf r@d awmf0ef/ 1970 jynfEp/f Aefaumufom; tm&Stm;upm;yGawmf jrefrmtm;upm; hS G J tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif/ 1964 ckEprS 1977 ckEpwif vrf;pOfygwA[da&;&maumfrwD0if/ trSwf (88) ajcjref Sf Sf G D k wyfrXmecsKyf wyfrr;/ &efuewi;f ppfXmecsKyf wki;f r;/ EkiiawmfumuG,a&;wuUovf ausmif;tky}f u;D / k f kd d dfH f kd 1976 ckEpwif Advr; }uD;tqifjh zifh wyfrawmfrS t+idr;f pm;,lconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ Sf G k f hJ hS Sf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyg0ifconf? rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[dO;D pD;tzJ@G 0if/ trsK;d D kd f hJ fJ k om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf weoFm&Dwi;f pnf;H;k a&;wm0efcEihf A[kO;D pD;tzJ@G 0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? kd dk HS d G f hJ Armjynfuejf rLepfygwOuU &JabmfAode;f wif. nDt&if;jzpfonf? 1976 ckEpY jzpfym;cJonfh Adv}f u;D G D Sf G h k tke;f ausmjf rif. EdiiawmfyeuefrY yg0ifywfoufconf[k rqvtpd;k &.pGypcsujf zifh Advr; }u;D b0jzifh h kfH kf _ hJ f JG k f t+ir;f pm;ay; cHc&jcif;jzpfonf? a&G;aumufyt+y;D wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGJ csKyf. 1990 jynfEp/f d hJ JG kd hS Zlviv (28) &ufaerS (29) &uftxdyvkyonfh *EDq;kH jzwfcsutwdi;f e0wu v$wawmf ac:ray;v#if kd f f N f k f aqmif&u&efvonfh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,pmwrf;ypk&mY yg0ifcra=umif[k ta=umif;jyum 1950 jynfEp/f G f kd f hJ _ h hS ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r (5) (n) jzifh e0w ppftpd;k &u 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (24) &ufaewif H_ f S D G zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu 1991 ckEp/f hJ D kH D kd JG f S 'DZifbmv (10) &ufaewif a=unmcsutrSwf (984) jzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f tjzpfry,fzsuchJ G f f kd f S f onf? aemif (10) ESpftwGif;yvkyfrnfha&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOfydifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? ppftpd;k &.zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGJ csKyEihf rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ u OD;rsK;d atmif kd fS fJ tm; ygw0iftjzpfrS xkwy,fay;cJ&onf? 1992 ckEp/f {+yv (25) &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS D f h S D G f jyefvwonf? G f 6? ykavmre,frJqENe,f? OD;=unfa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfa&$onf ykavmrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (22088) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (88 48) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f &onf? ykavmrde,f/ rvdaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckEp/f rwfv (7) &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? OD;+idr;f . S G om;jzpfonf? OD;=unfa&$onf q&m}uD;OD;zd;k csKH ausmif; (ykavm)/ ykavmrdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ armfvrif rd atmifoytpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1966 d d H` G h ckEpwitraxmifycJonf? ykavmESiarmfvrio@dk ukewifpufavSvyief;vkyuionf? 1350 jynfEpf Sf Gf df h hf df f kf f kd f hS (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif rd@rdrd@zrsm;zJG@pnf;cJhaom rd@rat;csrf;om,m a&;tzJG@Y 'kwd,acgif;aqmiftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?
7? bkwfjyif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f jrifonf bkwjf yifrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI h J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (4641) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 24) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? 1934 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (7) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f wif.om;jzpfonf? OD;tke;f jrifh hJ S D G onf 1955 ckEprS 1971 ckEptxd +rwf r@d e,f ynma&;XmewGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ atmufwef; Sf Sf d pma&;ESihf avmif;vHk r@d e,fynma&;r;/ txufwef;pma&;/ 1971 ckEp/f ZGev (1) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEp/f S f S Zlviv (20) &ufae@txd vrf;pOfygwD +rwta&Srd e,f ygw,epfEihf bkwjf yif;r@d e,f ygw,epfw@dk kd f d f D l S D l wGif aumfrwD0if/ ygw,epf twGi;f a&;r;/ ,lepfpnf; OuU/ ,lepf OuU/ wwd,ESihf pwkw oufwrf; D l wGif bkwjf yif;rd e,f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f 1988 ckEp/f Zlviv (20) &ufae@wif ygwwm0efrS f dk f S kd f G D
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &yfpjJ cif;cH&onf? bkwjf yif;rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r; wm0ef,conf? OD;tke;f kd G l hJ jrifonf use;f rma&;tajctaea=umifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef wifjyvmo h f dk f f f G fG jzifh Ekwxucihf ycJa=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f f G fG h D kH D kd f S Ed0ifbmv (27) &ufae@u a=unmcJonf? k h 8? +rdwfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmf&Sdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausm&eonf +rwf rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; f dS f d J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19256) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (85 69) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? +rwf rd / jrpfi,f&yfZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;usiarmif/ trd a':*if0gw@kd rS 1952 ckEp/f rwfv hJ d f S (10) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ausm&eonf arG;csi;f oH;k a,muf&onfteuf 'kw,ajrmufom; G h f dS f dS h d jzpfonf? 1968 ckEpwif +rwf rd / tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) rS q,fwef;pmar;yJukd "mwkaA' Sf G d G *k%x;l jzifh atmifjrifconf? 1974 ckEpwif rd jytif*sie,mbJ@G ukd &efuepufrwuUovrS &&Sconf? f hJ Sf G fD kf _ kd f d hJ bJ@G &+y;D aemuf rdbvkyief; a&$ta&mif;t0,fvyuiconf? 1980 jynfEpwif a':cifrm&DEivufxyfchJ f k f kd f hJ hSf G S hf onf? 9? +rdwfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;^m%fat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;^m%fat;onf +rwf rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f d J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (17101) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (79 84) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;&Se/f trd a':usiviw@kd rS 1955 ckEp/f =o*kwv (21) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh hJ d f d_ f S f G onf? rtlyifrd@e,f/ ukuKdU pk&mZmwdjzpfonf? OD;^m%fat;onf ukuKdU pk&m tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ G G av;tdrptpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (rtlyif)/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (prf;acsmif;) wk@d wif ynmoif fk G =um;cJ&m 1970 jynfEpwif q,fwef;atmifjrifconf? 1971 ckEpwif pD;yGm;a&;wuUovo@kd wuf h hSf G hJ Sf G kd f a&mufonf? 1975 ckEp/f ZGev (5) &ufae@wijf zpfay:cJaom taxGaxGoydwwuywif yg0ifconf? S f G h f dk f JG G hJ pD;yGma&;wuUovausmif;om;b0 1975 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D 1977 kd f S f G hJ ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (2) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? aemufq;kH ESppmar;yGukd jyifyausmif;om;tjzpf ajzqkcihf S G G f f J dG &I (bDue;f ) bJ@G &cJonf? ukeonfvyief;jzifh toufarG;onf? G h f kf 10? a&jzLre,frJqENe,f? OD;wdk;ydk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? ODw;dk ydonf a&jzLrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0if k J G kd k f a&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (13021) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (87 16) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ hJ onf? ykavmrd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1939 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (17) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;azcsp.om;jzpf S k G f onf? OD;wk;d ydonf OypmodyH` (c) atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1964 ckEprS 1981 k h Sf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ckEptxd wyfrawmfwif Adv}f u;D tqiftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcpOf ajrmufyi;f wdi;f ppfXmecsKyfe,fajr Sf G k h hJ kd k ppfqifa&;wckwif rdi;f xd'%f&m&cJonf? xd@k aemuf wyfrawmfrS pufr_ (1) 0ef}u;D Xmeod@k ajymif;a&$ G k h wm0efay;jcif;cH&onf? wm;0,fwif (5) ESp/f yJc;l wGif (2) ESpf wki;f OD;pD;r;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ 1350 G d jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfyumvwGif pufr_ (1) 0ef}u;D Xme tvkyorm;or*~ hS Sf D kd kH f em,utzJ@G 0if/ a'oE &pufrvufr!e=f um;a&;OD;pD;XmewGif 'kw,OuUtjzpf yg0ifvy&m;cJonf? W _ _ $ d _fS h qENjy&mwGif pufr_ (1) OD;pD;Xmeudk OD;aqmifcswufconf? xd@k a=umifh 'kw,!$e=f um;a&;r;&mxl;rS D hJ d yifpifay;I tvkyrEwxuc&onf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wif xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;wGif f S k f G f hJ S G tus,csKyfjzifh ac:,lxe;f odr;f xm;&mrS atmufwbmv (4) &ufae@wif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D f d kd G hJ yk'r 5 (n) jzifh axmif'%f (7)ESpf csrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 2004 ckEp/f Ed0ifbm v (19) &ufae@wif f S hJ S k G tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvnfvwajrmufonf? f G f 11? avmif;vHkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;vSazonf avmif;vHk rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;y I0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17241) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (879) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;!Ge@f / trd a':cif!e@f w@kd rS 1929 ckEp/f arv (10) &ufae@wif zGm;jrifonf? hJ G S G OD;vSazonf 1936 ckEprS 1942 ckEptxd rE av;ae&Sie,fausmif;wGif (7) wef;atmif/ xkrS 1945Sf Sf W f d 46 ckEpwif q,fwef;/ 1946 ckEprS 1949 ckEptxd &efuewuUovf bDtpaumvdyf 'kw,ESpf Sf G Sf Sf kf dk kd D d bDtufpptif*sie,m (e,l;ud@k p) txd/ 1950 jynfEprS 1965 ckEptxd (=unf;- 5796) 'kw,AkvrS fD fD f hSf Sf d d f Advr; tqifjh zifh (jynfrESihf &Sr;f jynf ajcvsiwyf&if;ausmif;) 1965-66 ckEpwif tk;d tdr/f twGi;f 0ef;kH k f f Sf G ('kOuU) wGbuftwGi;f 0ef/ 1966 ckEprS 1971 ckEptxd Akvr; rS 'kw,Advr; }u;D / &efuef ywf0ef;&if;r; J Sf Sf d f d k f k OD;pD; (y)/ 1971 ckEprS 1976 ckEptxd 'kw, Advr; }u;D / Advr; }u;D / 'kwyfrr;/ 'kr[mAsL[mr;/ wyfrr;/ Sf Sf d k f k f wkdif;r; (ta&Sydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf) (vm;_d;/ rwDvm/ jrpf}uD;em;)/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd ygwA[kaumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1976 ckEpwif jzpfym;cJonfh Adv}f u;D tke;f ausmjf rif. D d G f hJ Sf G G h k h Ediiawmfyeuefrwif yg0ifywfoufconf[k rqvppftpd;k &u pGypum Ediiawmfyeuefr_ yk'r (122) kfH kf _ G hJ f JG kfH kf f t& axmif'%f (10) ESpEihf rqvygwtm;qefusirEihf axmif'%f (10) ESp/f pkpaygi;f tvky=f urf;ESihf fS D f_S k axmif'%f tESpf (20) csrwf jcif;cHc&onf? 1981 ckEpwif vGw+f ir;f csr;f om cGijhf zifjh yefvwconf? S hJ Sf G d G f hJ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D +y;D onfaemuf rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm; hS Sf D kd h fJ tzGJ wif A[dOp;D tzGJ 0ifEihf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGJ csKyfwif A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGJ 0iftjzpf aqmif G kD S kd G k f &Gu&if; e0wppftpd;k &u 1992 ckEpwif 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay: pDrrtufOya' yk'r (5) (n) jzifh f Sf G hS H_ f w&m;pGqI axmif'%fcsrwconf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu J kd S f hJ D kH D kd JG f 1992 ckEp/f {+yDv (9) &ufaewif a=unmcsutrSwf (1016)xkwjf yefI v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f S G f f kd f tjzpfrS y,fzsuconf? aemif (10) ESptwGi;f yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Yyg0if ,SOf yiciuvnf; f hJ f f JG d f G hf kd ydwyifconf? 2005 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (20) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? f hJ S D G f Gf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Adkvfr;}uD;vSaz (+idrf;) touf (76) ESpf &efuewi;f / oCFe;f u|e;f rd e,f/ ok0/ u|e;f a&$rivrf;/ trSwf (164) ae (OD;!Ge@f -a':cif!e@f ) k f kd df G wd@k .om;}u;D / (OD;pde&if-a':ESi;f &if) wd@k . om;oruf/ (a':cifarpD). cspvpmaomcifye;f / OD;qefeazf f SG G D a':OrRmausm/f a':oDwmaz (TTC)/ OD;aumif;xGf ([dw,fc&D;)- a':eDvmaz/ OD;nDnaz-a':cifp;kd rd;k k D wd@k . cspvpmaom aus;Zl;&SiarG; ozcif/ ajr;&Spa,mufw@kd . tbd;k onf 20-1-2005 (=uoyaw; f SG f f ae@) nae (6 ; 40) em&Dwif S.S.C. txl;ukaq;cef;Y uG,veygI 22-1-2005 (paeae@) nae (3) G f Gf em&Dwif a&a0;tat;wdurS a&a0;okomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D o* [ygrnf? G k f f usef&pfolrdom;pk 12? avmif;vHkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;csdef[if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cse[ifonf avmif;vHk rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; df J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (14667) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (8141) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;^m%fvi/f trd a':usiym;wd@k rS 1941 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@ hJ d_ fG S D wGiarG;zGm;cJonf? avmif;vHk r@d e,f/ jyifacsmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;cse[ifonf rlvwef;/ tv,f f h df wef;/ txufwef;ynmrsm;udk xm;0,frdwGioif=um;cJ+h yD; 1964-65 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS f Sf G kf kd f 0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? 1966 ckEpwif wyfrawmfAvoifwef;trSwpOf (36) od@k wufa&mufc+hJ y;D 'kw,Akv/f d hJ Sf G dk f f d d Adv/f Adv}f uD;tqifw@dk jzifh wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1988 ckEpwif wyfrawmfrt+idr;f pm;,lc+hJ yD;/ fk k h hJ Sf G S &efuef rd wGif ta&mif;t0,fvyief; vkyuiconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf weoFm&Dwi;f pnf;H;k k kf f kd f hJ kd kd a&;tzJ@G 0if tjzpfwm0ef,conf? l hJ 13? o&ufacsmif;re,f? Adkvf}uD;wifjrifh (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifjrifonf o&ufacsmif;rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; h J G kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15522) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (91 1) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? avmif;vHk rd e,f/ u'uf}u;D aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHb/ trd a':csparwk@d rS 1932 hJ f ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wifjrifonf 1938 ckEprS 1947 ckEptwGi;f u'uf}u;D S G h h Sf Sf tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;ESihf atmufa&jzL&Gm tpd;k &tv,fwef; ausmif;wk@d wif owWrwef;atmifjrif G onftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1947-48 ckEpwif u'uf}u;D aus;&Gmor0g,rqdiwm0efc/H 1948h Sf G kf 49 ckEpwif wyfom;/ ppf0efxrf; xm;0,f/ 1949 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd wyfom;/ 'kwyf=uyf/ wyf=uyf/ Sf G Sf Sf wyf=uyf}u;D / t&mcHAv/f 'kAv/f Akv/f Adv}f u;D / wyfa&;Adv}f u;D tqifxd wyfrawmfwif wm0efxrf;aqmif kd dk d k k h G cJonf? 1985 ckEpwif wyfrawmfroufjynfyifpifjzift+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1981 ckEprS 1987 ckEptxd h Sf G S h h d hJ Sf Sf o&ufacsmif;rd e,fjynfo@l aumifpOuU OD;wifjrifonf wEkiivwia&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&aom D h d f H Hk G f f hJ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (392) OD;wGif rJ&mcdkifE_ef;trsm;qHk;jzifh
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&ol jzpfonf? 1991 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (27) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pD f hJ S G D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS rdrqENtavsmuf use;f rma&;raumif;ojzifh v$wawmf JG f d f ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf y&efwifjyvmojzifh OD;wifjriftm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f k f f f G fG h $ f kd f tjzpfrS E_wxucihf ya=umif; a=unmcsutrSwf (969) jzifh a=unmcJonf? 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rkd f G fG f h hS D kH D ua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif wEdkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmjzifh cdkifvHkrJ&mcdkifE_ef; 'kwd,trsm;qHk; &&Sojl zpfonf? d
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tv,fyi;f ajrjyef@a'o}u;D . awmifbufyi;f wGiwnf&onf? ajrmufbufwif rE av;wdi;f kd kd f dS G W k ESihf rauG;wdi;f / taemufbufwif &cdijf ynfe,fEihf {&m0wDwi;f / awmifbufwif &efuewi;f / ta&S k G k S kd G k f kd bufwif u&ifjynfe,fEihf rGejf ynfe,fw@kd wnf&onf? ajrmufvwWw'f (16) 'D*&D (45) rdepfEihf (19) G S dS D G S 'D*&D (20) rdepftwGi;f ta&Savmif*sw'f (94) 'D*&D (35) rdepfEihf (97) 'D*&D (10) rdepftwGi;f wnf&dS D G S onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (24792) us,0ef;onf? wdi;f rd awmfrm yJc;l rd jzpfonf? kf f k S yJc;l wdi;f wGif rd e,f (28) rd e,f&dS rJqENe,f (51) e,fY Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (26) cktm; k kfH D ud,pm;y,SOf ydiovwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (241) OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,f k f f l $ f kd f f ~ f kd f avmif; (12) OD;/ pkpaygi;f (255) OD;0ifa&muf,Of yic=hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (47) ae&m/ k S df kd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygwrS (3) ae&mESihf wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwrS (1) ae&m/ toD;oD;a&G; kd D k G f D cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1? u0re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmrsKd;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmrsK;d 0if;onf u0rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (22774) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 65) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? u0rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;csK/d trd a':wif!e@f w@kd rS 1955 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v hJ G S D (13) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmrsK;d 0if;onf u0rd &Gmopftpd;k & rlvwef;ausmif;/ u0r@d r G h f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ yJc;l rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (3) (,ciftrsK;d om;ausmif;) wk@d wif G ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / q&m0efb@GJ ukd rE av;aq;wuUovrS 1981 ckEpwif &&Sconf? 1982 ckEprpI W kd f S f G d hJ SfS o&zluk,yiaq;cef;zGivpconf? 1978 ckEpwif a':eDvmatmifEivufxyfI om;orD; (3) OD; d f kd f hf S f hJ Sf G S hf xGe;f um;onf? 1988 ckEp/f 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifvy&m;cJonf? u0rd e,ftrsK;d om; S kd _fS h 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUtjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wGif ppfaxmuf vSr;f a&;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGif ac:,lxe;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D / 2001 ckEp/f Zlviv h d hJ S kd f (6) &ufae@wif jyefvway;cJonf? 2004 ckEp/f Zlviv (20) &ufae@wif xdi;f -jrefrme,fpyf vGwajrmuf G $ f h S kd f G k f e,fajrwae&mod@k a&muf&conf? dS hJ 2? u0re,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? J OD;jrav;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;jrav; (ocifjrav;-a&$usi) onf u0rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om; 'Drua&pD f J kd tzG@J csKyf tm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (23547) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 13) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1922 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (15) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;yef;ri/f trd f hJ S G d a':pdeyiw@kd .om; jzpfonf? OD;jrav;onf t*Fvy-jrefrm q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJI 1938 f G hf df h ckEpwif 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k 0if ocifjrav;jzpfvmcJonf? 1942 ckEp/f e,fcsJ awmfvea&;wGif &Jabmfo;kH Sf G h S Sf usy0if Akvapmatmif/ AdvZifa,mfw@kd wyfEitwl a&$usiuwuconf? 1943 ckEpwif a&$usif rd e,f df d f k f S hf f kd dk f hJ Sf G 'HZ&yf tm&Svi,f OuU/ 1945 ckEpwif ocifZif (Auy) wd@k Eitwl wki;f av;wdi;f wGif anmifav;yif k l Sf G S hf d k 'duO;D e,fajr awmfvea&;wm0ef/ 1946-47 ckEpwif anmifav;yifrd e,f z-q-y-v twGi;f a&;r; k f Sf Sf G wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifconf? 1947 ckEpwif z-q-y-v tzJ@G csKyf.wm0efay;csut& AD,uferf hJ Sf G f ajymufusm;rsm;ESiqufo,&ef AD,uferf/ avm/ xki;f Ekiirsm;ok@d oGm;a&mufconf? 1951 ckEpwif hf G f d dfH hJ Sf G bk&ifaemifppfqifa&;twGuf xki;f Ediio@dk om;a&mufconf? 1955 ckEpwif wkwjf ynfom;tvkyf h d kfH G hJ Sf G G orm;rpf&iu,pm;vS,/f 1958 ckEpwif eDaygEii/H tm&Sq&,vpfnvmcHu,pm;vS,/f 1965 ckEprS S f kd f Sf G kd f dk S f D kd f Sf 1982 ckEptxd uke;f vrf;o,f,y@kd aqmifa&; tzG@J (u-v-o-z) vufaxmufrefae*sm/ 1982 ckEpf Sf l f S wGif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if ('kw,qif) &onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d hJ f G d h kd A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftjzpf wm0ef,conf? 1995 ckEp/f Zlviv (15) &ufaewif uG,vef k f l hJ S kd f G f G onf? ZeD;rSm a':0if;0if;=unfjzpfonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f OD;jrav; (c) ocifjrav; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if u0re,f(2) a&G;cs,fcHudk,fpm;vS,f trsKd;om;nDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,f vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if ('kwd,qifh) touf (74) ESpf a&$usif rde,f/ 'HZ&pfaus;&Gmae (OD;yef;rdi-a':pdeyi) wd@k .om; rif;bl;rd (q&m!Ge@f ) k f f G hf a':pkpkwdk@. om;oruf/ (udkol&udk)/ udkaZ,sudk (wwd,tif*sifeD,m/ pudkif;vdkif;)-a': jrjroef; (t+ir;f pm;/ or0g,r)/ OD;pd;k (tif*sie,mcsKyf/ &efueatmfww,fvze;f ) -a':cifrr (vufaxmuf d fD kf kd Dk tif*sie,m/ jrefrmhv#yppf"mwf tm;vkyief;H;k csKyf)/ (udawZud) wd@k . cspvpmaomaus;Zl;&SiarG; fD f f k k f SG f ozcif/ &efuef rd / q,friue;f / jynfvrf;/ trSwf 143/ 144/ 145 ae a':0if;0if;=unf (t+ir;f pm;/ k kd f k d vl0ifr}_ uD;=uyfa&;ESijhf ynfo@l tiftm;0ef}uD;Xme) . cspvpmaom aus;Zl;&Sicifye;f OD;jrav; (c) f S G f G ocifjrav; (t+ir;f pm; vufaxmufrefae*sm/ uke;f vrf;yd@k aqmif a&;aumfya&;&Si;f ) onf 15-7-95 d kd ae@ nae (5) em&D (45) rdepftcsewif (96) yg;aoma&m*gjzifh &efuejf ynfo@l aq;H}k u;D Y uG,vef df G k f G tedpa&muf&ygI ui;f use&pfaom kyuvmyfukd 17-7-95 wevFmae@ nae (4) em&D tcsewif P dS G f f df G =uawmtat;wdurS =uawmokomefo@kd yd@k aqmif rD;o* [rnfjzpfyga=umif; aqGrsK;d rdwo*F[rsm; H k f H f f tm; ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 3? ausmufwHcg;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSO;D onf ausmufwcg;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; H J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (17236) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 15) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;vS}u;D / trd a':=unf=unfw@dk rS 1951 ckEp/f {+yv (6) &ufae@wif arG;zGm; hJ S D G cJonf? OD;vSO;D onf awmifil rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) wGif q,fwef;txdynm oif=um; h cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifygcJhI tkd;tdrfOD;pD;Xme taqmifr; wm0efrS Ekwxuc&onf? u&iftrsK;d om;tpnf;tH;k (autife,) rme,fyavmpcef;od@k f G f hJ f l oGm;a&muf+yD; aomif;use;f olrsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f vsu&a=umif; ppfaq;ay:ayguojzifh 1950 jynfEp/f f dS f hS ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (u) (c) (n)/ jypfrqdi&m usix;kH Oya' yk'r (512)t& A[ef;r@d e,f H_ f _ kf hf f w&m;H;k wGiw&m;pGqxm;+yD;/ w&m;cHajy;tjzpf a=unmxm;cJonf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; f J kd h D kH D kd aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS 1991 ckEp/f {+yv (30) &ufae@wif JG f f dk f f S D G y,fzsuconf? 1991 ckEp/f {+yv (25) &ufaewif jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & f hJ S D G kfH tzG@J jyifqifw;kd csJ zG@J pnf;onftcg tvkyorm;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D jzpfvmcJonf? 1995 ckEp/f Zlviv h f h S kd f (21) &ufae@wif qG'ifEii/H AGerm;pApfY jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvnfz@JG G D kd f f kfH pnf;csetxd tvkyorm;0ef}u;D tjzpfaqmifuconf? 1992 ckEpwif jrefrmEdiitvkyorm; or*~ df f G f hJ Sf G kfH f rsm;tzG@J csKyf (F.T.U.B.) udk pwifxaxmifc+hJ y;D OuUtjzpf ,ae@wiwm0ef,conf? l kd f l hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 4? ausmufwHcg;re,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;armifarmif}uD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;armifarmif}uD;onf ausmufwcg;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD H J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (1991) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (64 2) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1934 ckEp/f Zlviv (19) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;&ef}u;D atmif.om; f hJ S kd f G jzpfonf? OD;armifarmif}u;D onf '\rwef;xdynmoif=um;cJI ausmif;om;b0wGif or*~Eihf jynf h S axmifpvi,f twGi;f a&;r;/ 1958 ckEprS 1962 ckEptxd oef@&i;f z-q-y-v wGr; / awmfvea&; k l Sf Sf S J Sf aumifpacwfwif jynfcspwyfz@JG wif (2) ESpcef@awmckc+hJ y;D tvif;jyef0ifconf? ,if;aemuf ud,yif D G f G f d hJ k f dk vkyief; vkyuiconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? f f kd f hJ hS Sf D kd hJ ausmufwcg;rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fOuU wm0ef,conf? 1991 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v H kd l hJ S D (8) &ufae@wif uG,vea=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 G f Gf D kH D kd f ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (15) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (912) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? S D G f h 5? u@yifaumufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;at;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;jrifonf ud yifaumufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf h J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (12739) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (60 43) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? 1931 ckEp/f {+yv (20) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? u@d yifaumufrd Zmwdjzpfonf? hJ S D G tz OD;vSarmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;at;jrihonf u@d yifaumuf q&m}u;D aqGausmif;/ trsK;d om; wef;jrifh f ausmif;wd@k wif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1953 ckEpwif 0dZmbJ@G / 1969 ckEpwif Oya'0dZmbJ@G w@dk ukd G Sf G Sf G &efuef wuUovr&&Sconf? txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tv,fwef;jyausmif;tky/f ypPn;f 0,f,a&; k dk f S d hJ l tzJ@G vuf axmuf!e=f um;a&;r;/ jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm bmomjyeft,f'wm/ jynfo@l opPmowif; $ D pmudk ud,yixwa0cJonf? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1998 k f dk f k f h D kH D kd JG f ckEp/f =o*kwv (1) &ufae@wif a=unmcsuf trSwf (1394) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS S f G $ f kd f f Ekwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? f G f h jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1394) (1360 jynfhESpf/ 0gacgifvqef; 9 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv 1 &uf) ? OD;at;jrifhtm; yJcl;wdkif;/ u@yifaumufre,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf cHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyjcif;?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdi;f / ud yifaumuf D kH D kd JG G kd k rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G; $ f J $ f kd f f aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;at;jrifu rdronf touft&G,}f u;D &ifvm+y;D use;f rma&; tajc H h d h taeraumif;ygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;& d $ f kd f f H oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f G fG f h 2? txufyg OD;at;jrif.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'r h f f $ f f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;at;jriftm; ,ae@rpI u@d yifaumufrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f f hf h S $ f trSwf (1)rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxuf $ f kd f f H f G cGihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t&(at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; 6? u@yifaumufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;onf u@d yifaumufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (11008) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 44) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;btke;f / trd a':a&$pw@dk rS 1924 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (12) &ufae@ wGiarG; hJ k S D f zGm;onf? u@d yifaumufrd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;at;onf tm&fptrfausmif;/ trsK;d om;txufwef; D ausmif;/ &efuewuUovw@kd wif Oypmtxufwef;txd ynmoif,=l um;cJonf? (uG,veol trsK;d kf kd f G h f Gf om;acgi;f aqmif}u;D ) ocifjr v$wawmftrwfjyefvnf&&Sa&;ESihf rJtEdi&&Sa&;wd@k twGuf &Jabmfo;kH f d kf d usy0if Akvrif;acgif (ocifapmvGi)/ ocifp;dk rif; (ud yifaumuf) wk@d Eitwl aqmif&uconf? ausmif; df d f f S hf G f hJ om;b0wGif oHr%dwyfz@GJ Eihf 'k@d Armtpnf;tH;k 0if/ ausmif;om;or*~ OuU/ 1300 jynfh ta&;awmf S yHwif tpmiwfcqENjycJonf? rif;vSoydwwm;qD;a&;wGiyg0ifI ausmif;xkwcc&onf? e,fcsJ qef@ k G H h f f f H hJ usia&; ajratmufawmfvea&;tzJ@G 0if/ e,fcsJ t*Fvytm; 'kw,urBmppftwGuf ppfp&dwaxmufyhH f Sf df d f &efyvkyaom tm0ga';avmif;upm;0di;f rsm;udk rD;_d zsuq;D cJonf? xk@d jyif ud yifaumuf*gwukd odr;f f k f h f ,l&mwGif yg0ifconf? *syefawmfvea&;wGif Akv}f u;D cspf rif (,cif awmfvea&;aumifp0if) wk@d Eitwl hJ Sf d d Sf D S hf wyf&if; (107) rif;vSpnfowyfEitwl wduy0ifconf? 1949 ckEpf 0ufaumfwuyacgi;f aqmif/ l S hf k f GJ hJ S kd f JG 1953 ckEprS 1956 ckEptxd z-q-y-v tpd;k &u v,form;rsm;udEypufonftwGuf y-r-n-w Sf Sf k dS f h xJo@kd 0ifI z-q-y-v Advrif;acgiEi,Of yivsuf v$wawmftrwfta&G;cHconf? r=umc% zrf;qD; k f f S hf S d f f hJ xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? hJ hS Sf D kd hJ 7? ausmuf}uD;re,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f OD;onf ausmuf}u;D rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (14461) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 09) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f hJ onf? ausmuf}u;D rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifusi/f trd a':pef;&ifw@dk rS 1957 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v S D (9) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;xGe;f OD;onf &efuepufrwuUovrS 1979 ckEpwif tif*sie,m G h kf _ dk f Sf G fD (rd jy) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1988 ckEptxd aqmufvya&;aumfya&;&Si;f wGif vufaxmuftif*sie,m/ 1350 d hJ Sf kf kd fD jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif ausmuf}u;D rd e,f ta&;awmfykH OuU/ hS Sf D kd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUwm0ef,conf? 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wif ygwp'rkd kd l hJ hS G D kH D ua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcsutrSwf (903) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmf JG f f $ f ud,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&oltjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; a=unmcJonf? a=unmcsuf k f f H f h wGif OD;xGe;f OD;onf pifyditpd;k &zJ@G pnf;I Ekiiawmfuawmfveyeuef &efEifh vufeufpuiawmfvef f dfH kd Sfkf S JG kd f S ykefuefaeaom aomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; yvkyfcJhI a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (11)/ yk'rcJG (q) ESihf +ipe;f ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol tjzpfry,f JG f f dG H S zsua=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? xk@d jyif w&m;cHajy;tjzpf A[ef;rde,fw&m;H;k rS a=unmxm;cJonf? f h 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & pwifz@JG hS G kfH pnf;onftcg/ tvkyorm;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D ESihf vlr0efxrf; 0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf aqmif&uchJ h f _ G f onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@pyg pmtrSwf - 755 kd hS JG pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf todtrSwf yxm;jcif;udk kd f kd f f zsuor;f cJonf? 1991 ckEp/f {+yv (25) &ufae@wif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & f d h S D G kf jyifqifw;kd cs@J z@JG pnf;onftcg vlr0efxrf;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf 1995 ckEp/f Zlviv (21) &ufae@ h _ S kd f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyefvnfz@JG pnf;csetxd aqmif&uconf? ZeD;rSm kfH df G f hJ a':ode;f ode;f OD;jzpf+y;D orD; (2) OD;xGe;f um;onf? ,ck tar&duefjynfaxmifpwiaexkionf? k Gf df 8? ZD;ukef;re,frJqENe,f? OD;pHwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHwifonf ZD;uke;f rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0if J G kd k f a&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15992) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (56 79) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f &onf? rk;d nKd rd e,f rif;}u;D &GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1934 ckEpzm; jzpfonf? tz OD;tke;f armif.om; jzpfonf? SfG OD;pHwifonf owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd a&uif; wGzuftpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ynm J oif=um; cJonf? xkwvyEihf pm;oH;k or0g,r twGi;f a&;r;/ vufum;or0g,r ud,pm;vS,/f h f kfS k f z-q-y-v/ A-w-v-p/ qk&,vpfvi,f/ wmyGerqENe,fpnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1960 dS f l fJ G f hJ jynfEpwif a':aomif;ESihf vufxyfonf? bmoma&;toif;tzJ@G rsm;wGif yg0ifconf? 1988 ckEpwif hSf G hJ Sf G &-0-w tzJ@G 0if vkyconf? f hJ 9? anmifav;yifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f armifonf anmifav;yifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf J kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tm;udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (23518) rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (68 28) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? 1928 ckEp/f Zlviv (1) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;a&$v.om; f hJ S kd f G S jzpfonf? OD;tke;f armifonf 0dZmESiOya'0dZmbJ@G ukd &efuewuUovr&&Sconf? 1945 ckEpwif fh k f kd f S d hJ S f G *syefawmfvea&;Xme ajymufusm;/ 1946 ckEpwif ra'guwue,f z-q-y-v twGi;f a&;r;/ 1947 Sf Sf G f kd f ckEpwif rif;bl;tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;om;or*~ OuU/ 1948-49 ckEp/f 1950-51 ckEpf Sf G S S rsm;wGif A[dtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ &efueausmif;om;or*~Eifh &efuecdior*~ OuU/ 1953 k kf S kf kf ckEpwif &efuewuUovausmif;om;oydwacgi;f aqmif/ &efuewuUovf ausmif;om;tcGita&; Sf G kf kd f f kf dk hf umuG,raumfrwD OuU/ 1963 ckEpwif t*FvefEii/H vef'efrd od@k b%fvyief;/ oGm;a&mufoif,l f_ Sf G kd f kf cJonf? =op}w;D ,m;wGif b%fvyief;ES;D aESmyJwufconf? b%frefae*smb0jzifh t+ir;f pm;,lconf? h kf G hJ d hJ 1998 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (25) &ufae@wif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D / {+yv (28) &ufae@wif udatmif S D G hJ D G k xGe;f a&;om;ypkonfh ausmif;om;v_y&m;r_ordi;f pmtkyf ypk&mwGif yg0ifunojzif[qum axmif f S k l D h k kd '%f (7)ESpf jypf'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 2004 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (19) &ufae@wif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS S hJ S k G f jyefvnfvwajrmufonf? G f 10? anmifav;yifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;u,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f u,onf anmifav;yifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf G f J kd tm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20342) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 12) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1925 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (7) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;ausm.om; jzpf hJ S D G f onf? OD;xGe;f u,onf 0dZm (ynma&;bJ@G )/ q&mjzpf'yvkrmESihf r[m0dZm (udvb,m) bJ@G w@dk &&SchJ G f D d k H D d onf? rlvwef;jyq&mrS ynma&;wuUovygarmuQtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? *syefEii/H tdE, dk f hJ kd f dN Edii/H oD&vuFmEdiiw@kd o@dk ynma&;wm0efjzifom;a&mufconf? ynma&;aqmif;yg;rsm;udk ygarmuQ kf d kfH h G hJ OD;xGe;f u,/f q&m'Atrnfw@kd jzifh a&;om;cJonf? yewefqmacsmif;&if;/ attufzttwGi;f a&;r;/ G h Gf f kd (r-u-o-c) q&mor*~ twGi;f a&;r;/ c&rf;r@d e,f r-u-o OuU/ yewefqmtoif; OuU/ a&$w*kH Gf d apwD a*gyutzJ@G 0if/ ynma&;0efxrf;t+ir;f pm;tjzpf aexdionf? d kf 11? awmifilre,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;atmifpdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pStzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifp;dk jrifonf awmifil rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20369) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 75) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? awmifil rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;tke;f ausm/f trd a':at;rdw@dk rS 1952 ckEp/f hJ S =o*kwv (3) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;atmifp;kd jrifonf 1975 ckEpwif pD;yGm;a&;wuUovrS f G h h Sf G dk f pD;yGm;a&;ynm (ocsmpm&if;tif;) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1975 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd ud,yip;D yGm;a&;vkyI F d hJ Sf Sf k f kd f f bmoma&;toif;tzJ@G rsm;wGif yg0ifconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD ta&; hJ hS Sf D kd awmfy}kH u;D wGif awmificdif jynfo@l vwajrmufa&;'Drua&pDwyfaygi;f pk A[dtaxGaxGoydwaumfrwD l k G f kd k f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 0if/ ZeD;a':at;at;pef;ESiom;orD; (3) OD; xGe;f um;onf? awmifil rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf fh kd wGif twGi;f a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 1998 ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) l hJ Sf G S h wGiac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&+yD;/ 2001 ckEp/f ZGev (21) &ufae@wif jyefvway;cJonf? f hJ S f G $ f h 2003 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif OD;atmifp;kd jrifh pD;vmonfqiu,fEihf ausmif;olwOD;pD;vmonfh S f G h kd f S pufb;D wd@k vrf;wGirawmfwqyGwwur=d u&m/ OD;atmifp;kd jriftm; tqdygupEiywfoufI ppfaxmuf f f kd f h k d P S hf vSr;f a&;rS =o*kwv (31) &ufae@wif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D / um,uH&iausmif;ol raqGaqGrS if;. f G Sf trSm;a=umifjh zpf&ojzifh tr_rzGibausat;cJonf=h um;rS ,mOfwur_ yk'r (337) tjyif vdipifrhJ hf J h kd f f kf qdiu,fvuf0,fxm;&Sr_ yk'r 5 (1) jzifh tr_zi+hf y;D / qdiu,ftwduc&ol um,uH&iu,wiu kf d f G kf k fH S f kd f kd f ol@bufrrm;onftwGuf tr_rzGiva=umif; w&m;H;k wGixuqcaomfvnf; vdipifrqiu,f vuf SS h hf kd f G f kd hJ k f hJ kd f 0,fxm;&Srj_ zifh pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@wif tvkyEiaxmif'%f (7) ESpcsrwconf? 2004 ckEp/f d G f S hf f S f hJ S arv (23) &ufae@wif awmifiaxmifrS rdom;pkEia0;&m o&ufaxmifo@kd ajymif;a&$jcif;cHc&+yD; 2005 G l S hf hJ ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dvqef;wGif tif;pdefaxmifokd@ xyfrHajymif;a&G@jcif;cHcJh&onf? 12? awmifilre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;!Gef@a0/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Ge@f a0onf awmifil rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,f J kd f k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivr(20401)rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 1) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH J k kf_ f jcif; cHc&onf? 1926 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (14) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;baqG/ trd a':rr}u;D wd@k . hJ S k G om; jzpfonf? OD;!Ge@f a0onf &efuewuUovrS 0dZm (abm*aA') *k%x;l ESihf [m;AwfwuUovrS kf kd f f kd f r[m0dZm (tkycsKyfa&;) bJ@G w@dk &&Sconf? 1947 ckEpf wESptwGi;f vGwvyfa&;&&S&efjyifqifrwif z f d hJ S f f d _ G q-y-v tzJ@G csKyfuay;aom acgi;f aqmifoifwef;wufc+hJ y;D / 1947 ckEprS 1952 ckEpf txd wuUovf Sf S kd ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ 1952 ckEprS 1986 ckEptxd ne=f um;a&;r;/ A[dpm&if;tif;ESihf abm*aA' Sf Sf k Xme/ pufrvufrb%f/ refae*smcsKyf/ pduysK;d a&;b%f/ tmrcHaumfya&;&Si;f OD;aqmifne=f um;a&;r;/ _ _ k f kd 1986 ckEpwif oufjynft+ir;f pm;,lconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmif aumfr Sf G h d hJ kd k f wD0ifjzpfonf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wif zG@J pnf;cJonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; S G h $ f kd f yaumfrwDwif tzG@J 0ifwOD;jzpfonf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uH G S J wducuowfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfym;pOf &efuef rd aetdrwif tus,csKyjf zifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D / 2003 k f kd f G k f G f hJ ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (23) &ufae@wif aetdrtus,csKyfrjS yef vGwonf? ZeD;rSm a':i,fi,fpef (t+ir;f S k G f f f d d pm; uxduynma&;wuUov) jzpf+y;D / om;orD;rsm;rSm a':oD&!e@f a0/ a':artH;k !Ge@f a0/ OD;jynfopf dk f d G !Ge@f a0/ a':pENm!Ge@f a0ESihf OD;ausmx!e@f a0wd@k jzpfonf? f Gf G 13? xef;wyifre,frqENe,f? J OD;cspfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;csparmifonf xef;wyifrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; f J G kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19665) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 36) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jcif;cHc&onf? ppfui;f wki;f / ,if;rmyifrd e,f/ vufvy&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;rk;d OD;/ trd at;pdef hJ kd d _fG wd@k rS 1943 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (2) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;csparmifonf 0dZm/ 0dZmynma&;ESihf S k G h f S txufwef;a&Saepmar;yGw@dk atmifjrifconf? 1962 ckEprS 1967 ckEptxd pma&; (u-u) ypPn;f J hJ Sf Sf 0,f,r_ !$e=f um;a&;r;H;k / 1967 ckEpf rS 1974 ckEptxd txufwef;jy ausmif;q&m/ xef;wyifrd / l S Sf 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd OuU rde,fw&m;ol}uD;tzJG@/ xef;wyifrd/ 1988 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfEptxd txufwef;a&Sae/ 1972 ckEpwif vrf;pOfygwo@kd 0ifconf? hSf Sf G D hJ 14? 'dkufOD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;&JxGf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;&Jxonf 'duO;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; Gf k f J kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (24978)rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 69) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? &efuef rd / wmarGZmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (1)&ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;jroef; hJ k S D G .om;jzpfonf? OD;&Jxonf 1975 ckEpwif &efuep;D yGm;a&;wuUovrS bJ@G &&Sconf? 1976 ckEprS Gf Sf G kf kd f d hJ Sf 1982 ckEptxd pm&if;ppf/ vufaxmuftvkyorm;t&m&S/d 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'Drkd Sf f hS Sf ua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? OD;&Jxonf 1969 ckEp/f u|e;f qG,ta&;tcif;/ 1974 ckEp/f hJ Gf S f S OD;oefta&;tcif;ESihf tvkyorm;ta&;tcif;wdk Yyg0ifconf? 1982 ckEpwif yk'r 5 (n) jzifh ta&; f hJ Sf G f ,lc&+y;D tvky=f urf;ESiaxmif'%f (2) ESpf uscc&onf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (30) &ufaeu H hf H hJ hS rE av;/ taemufawmifrde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGJ csKyf;Hk Yyvkyonfh ,m,Dtpd;k &zGJ pnf;a&; W kd f v#Kd 0Sutpnf;a0;odk wufa&mufcojzifh e0w. zrf;qD;r_uc&+y;D jypfrqi&myk'r 122 (1) jzifh w&m;pGJ f hJ kd H _ kd f f um 1991 ckEp/f arvwGif axmif'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? a&G;aumufyaumfr&Siu 1991 ckEp/f 'DZif S S hJ JG f S bmv (30) &ufaewif a=unmcsutrSwf (984) jzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsuchJ G f f kd f f f onf? aemifwif yvkyrnfa&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f arv G f h JG S d f G hf kd f hJ S (27) &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? G f G f 15? 'dkufOD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdefxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pdexe;f onf 'duO;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; f G k f J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20761) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (69 83) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? 'duO;D rd e,f/ ayguwyifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f &if/ trd a':wifw@dk rS 1942 ckEp/f hJ k f f S Zefe0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? OD;pdefxGef;onf 0dZm (Oya') bGJ@ESifh Oya'0dZmbJG@& w&m;H;k csKya&SaewOD;jzpfonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kHu;D wGif yg0ifonf? f hS Sf D kd 1992 ckEp/f arv (3) &ufaewif uG,veonf? S G f Gf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 16? ewfwvif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tkef;aiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f aiGonf ewfwvif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@JcsKytm; ud,pm; J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (24388) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 86) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? ewfwvif;rd e,f/ tkwwi;f uke;f &Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d &Se.om; jzpfonf? 1917 hJ f G df ckEp/f {+yD v (4) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;tke;f aiGonf 0dZmbJ@G Eihf ynma&;'DyvkrmbJ@G &&Sconf? rlvwef; S G S d d hJ ausmif;q&m}u;D tjzpfrS r@d e,fynma&;r; (yef;awmif;) tqiftxd ynm0efxrf;cJI 1977 ckEpwif h h Sf G t+idr;f pm;,lconf? rD;owf/ aq;Hponfh bmoma&;toif;tzJ@G rsm;/ vlra&;toif;tzG@J rsm;wGif hJ k _ yg0ifaqmif&uconf? G f hJ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1411) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv 6 &uf) ? OD;tke;f aiGtm; yJc;l wdi;f ewfwvif;re,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf k $ f J (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol $ f kd f f H tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdi;f / ewfwvif;rd e,f D kH D kd JG G kd k jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwif $ f J $ f kd f f ajrmufcxm;&ol OD;tke;f aiGu rdronf touft&G,}f u;D &if+h y;D use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh Ediia&;udk H d kfH qufvufraqmif&uEiawmhygoI rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwif G f kd f d $ f kd f f ajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qEN tav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? H f G fG f h 2? txufyg OD;tke;f aiG.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'r f f $ f f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;tke;f aiGtm; ,ae@rpI ewfwvif;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f f hf S $ f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxuf $ f kd f f H f G cGihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; ta=umif;t&m?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 17? ewfwvif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmpdefxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmpdexe;f ewfwvif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; f G J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (23548) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 33) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ cHc&onf? 1931 ckEp/f ZGev (6) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifjrif.om;jzpfonf? OD;apmpdexe;f hJ S f G h f G onf odyH` (pkuysK;d &;) bG@J Eihf Oya'0dZmbJ@G w@dk ukd 1955 ckEpEifh 1960 jynfEpw@kd wif &&Sconf? 1955 d f S SfS h S f G d hJ ckEprS 1957 ckEpf txd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ ewfwvif;rd/ 1957 ckEpEihf 1958 ckEpwif Sf S SfS Sf G kuaA't&m&Sd (arSmb)/ (ajrmif;jr)/ 1958 ckEprS 1967 ckEptxd ckipuysK;d a&;t&m&Sd (om,m0wD Q f D Sf Sf d f kd f +rw)/ 1967 ckEprS 1977 ckEptxd ausmif;tky/f pkuysK;d arG;jrLa&;txufwef;ausmif; (erfqrf; oJue;f )/ d f Sf Sf d f h k 1977 ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd 'kw,vufaxmuf taxGaxGrefae*sm/ v,f,mpkuysK;d a&; aumfya&;&Si;f / Sf Sf d d f kd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyA[dk awmifov,form;vkyief;tzJ@G 0iftjzpf wm0ef,conf? kd f l f l hJ 18? yJcl;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdk;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;pd;k 0if;onf yJc;l rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygwtm; ud,pm;yI J kd D k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (44288) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (72 33) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f &onf? anmifO;D rd Zmwd jzpfonf? 1945 ckEp/f =o*kwv (7) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;=uifqijf zpf S f G kd onf? OD;pd;k 0if;onf 1968 ckEpwif &efuep;D yGm;a&;wuUovrS 0g%Z (pufruexw) bG@J &&Sconf? Sf G kf kd f d _ kf k f d hJ 1968 ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd okawoevufaxmuf (pDrue;f Xme) *keepuf/kH tkwusi;f / xd@k aemuf Sf Sf H d fD f yHEyvyief;vkyuiconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif a':atmif k dS f k f f kd f hJ hS Sf D kd qef;pk=unf.vHk cHa&;ESihf vlra&;wm0ef,conf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif A[dowif;ESihf _ l hJ kd G k jyef=um;a&;tzG@J 0if/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygwwif A[dtvkytr_aqmif wm0ef,conf? 2002 ckEp/f kd D G k f l hJ S 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD tzG@J 0ifwOD;jzpfvmcJonf? 2003 G $ f kd f h ckEp/f ar (30) &ufae@ 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uH wducuowfjzwfr}_ uD;jzpfym;t+yD;/ ZGev (3) S J k f kd f G f &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;.zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&I zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;pOfumvtwGi;f nO;f G S hJ yrf;ESypufcxm;&onfh '%f&mrsm;jzifh ZGev (29) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS aetdrjf yefy@kd conf? df H f G S hJ ppfaxmufvr;f a&;. nO;f yrf;ESypufra=umifh nmbufrsupu,om;cJonf? S df _ fd G f G h 19? yJcl;re,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;jrwfvS/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrwfvonf yJc;l rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;y S J kd f k f I 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (53527) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 77) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? yJc;l rd e,f/ ayyifacsmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdexe;f / trd a':at;wifw@kd rS 1935 hJ f G ckEp/f arv (23) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? OD;jrwfvonf trsK;d om;wef;jrifh ausmif; (yJc;l ) rS wuUov0if S G S kd f wef; atmifjrifI 1957 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G Eihf 1967 ckEpwif Oya'0dZmbG@J &&Sconf? Sf G kf kd f S Sf G d hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1957 ckEprS 1968 ckEptxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1968 ckEprpI a&Sae (w&m;H;k csKyfa&Sae) Sf Sf SfS tjzpf vkuygaqmif&uconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif d f G f hJ hS Sf D kd yg0ifconf? 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif wEkiiv;kH twdi;f twmjzifh hJ hS D kH D kd GJ G dfH k ckivrta&twGuf trsm;qH;k &&Sol jzpfonf? d f kH J d 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l S f G $ f k f S v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD OuUxHvyrI f kd f f kH $ f kd f dfl vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? S f G h $ f kd f 20? jynfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? Adkvfr;}uD;armiftkef; (+idrf;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? Advr; }u;D armifte;f (+ir;f ) onf jynfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif wdif;&if;om;pnf;vH;k k f k d J k nD!wa&;ygwtm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (14850) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (42 05) jzifh G f D k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? &efuefrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f az/ trd a':at;pdew@kd rS 1929 f hJ k f ckEp/f {+yv (7) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? =unf;6977 Advr; }u;D armifte;f (+ir;f ) onf &ef uke/f a&ausmf S D G k f k d rufo'pfausmif;wGif qrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1955 ckESpfwGif &efukef wuUodkvfrS pufrtif*sie,mbG@J &&Sconf? 1949 ckEprS 1955 ckEptxd waumif;ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESihf _ fD d hJ Sf Sf pmzwftoif; OuU/ 1955 ckEp/f {+yvrS 1981 ckEp/f Zlvivtxd wyfrawmfwif 'kw,AdvtqifrS S D S kd f G d k f h Advr; }u;D tqiftxd yvp (1) &efue/f evc (5) Axl;/ vvp (555) armfvri/f uyp(4)/ uuxkwf k f h k d !e=f um;a&;r;H;k / 1964 ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd pufrvufrw;kd csJ vkyuia&;aumfya&;&Si;f (pwvu) Sf Sf _ _ f kd f kd tr_aqmif'guwm/ 1981 ckEp/f Zlviv (1) &ufae@wif wyfrawmfrS t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1963 ckEpwif kd f S kd f G d hJ Sf G jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwo@kd 0ifconf? 1981 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd A[daumfrwD0if/ yef;awmif; kd S f D hJ Sf Sf k rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f pufr_ (1) pufr0ef}u;D Xme 'kw,0ef}u;D / jynfo@l f dk f _ d vkyief;ppfaq;a&;tzG@J 0if/ jynfy (9) Ediio@kd Ediiwm0efjzifom;a&mufconf? pDrue;f puf}kH u;D (7) Hukd f kfH kfH h G hJ H d k wm0ef,wnfaqmufconf? l hJ 21? jynfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;aomif;pdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;aomif;pdeonf jynfrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f J kd ud,pm;y I 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (18941)rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (51 52) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? oJue;f rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pk;d rif;/ trd a':at;jrwk@d rS 1930 jynfEpf hJ k hS wGif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;aomif;pdeonf oJue;f rdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif ud;k wef;txd ynm h f k oif=um;cJonf? 1953 ckEprS 1960 jynfh ESptxd tulpma&;/ tifpyufawmf qefpyg;a&mif;0,fa&;/ h Sf f eu&z/ 1960 jynfEprS 1962 ckEptxd qnfajrmif;Xme uefxduwm/ 1962 ckEprS 1990 jynfEpf hSf Sf k f Sf hS txd ud,yiqefpufvyief;/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif k f dk f k f h S S f D kd jynfrd e,f qefjzef@jzL;a&; OuUtjzpfaqmif&uconf? jynfrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfOuU G f hJ kd tjzpf wm0ef,conf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv l hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (11) &ufae@wif usi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf; G f hJ kd k f ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@pyg pmtrSwf - 041pnf; (pnf;H;k ) 99 jziftrsK;d f S f JG h om;'Drua&pDtzGJ csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; kd k f $ f kd f xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? h 22? yef;awmif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wiftkef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifte;f onf yef;awmif;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k J kd tm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15133) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 58) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;apmv_i/f trd a':oef;pdew@kd rS 1946 ckEp/f rwfv (1) &ufae@wif hJ d f S G arG;zGm;cJonf? yef;awmif;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;wifte;f onf &efuef rd pHjytrsK;d om;txufwef; h k k ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1964 ckEprS 1966 ckEptxd jynfo@l qiwm0efc/H h Sf Sf kd f 1966 ckEprS 1970 jynfEptxd aiGuipma&;/ rd e,fueo,a&;/ 1970 jynfEprS 1980 jynfEptxd Sf hSf kd f kf G f hSf hSf toif;pkr; / rd e,for0g,r/ 1989 ckEprS 1990 jynfEptxd rd e,fowif;axmuf/ yef;awmif;/ yef; Sf hSf awmif;rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf 'kw,OuU wm0ef,conf? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G; kd d l hJ D kH D kd aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1997 ckEp/f rwfv (21) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1349)jzifh JG f S G f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) $ f kd f f f G f h S f &ufae@wif usi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0; G f hJ kd k f qH;k jzwfcsut& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@pyg pmtrSwf - 041 pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh trsK;d f S f JG om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; kd k f $ f kd f xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? h 23? yef;awmif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ode;f [ef/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd OD;ode;f [efonf yef;awmif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (18050) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 8) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? yef;awmif;rd e,f/ Oo#pyif&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHa&$/ trd a':!Ge@f w@dk rS hJ f G 1939 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (3) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ode;f [efonf vkyom;aumvdywif lyaA' S D G h f f G yxrESptxd ynmoif,conf? 1961 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd pma&;0efxrf;/ tvkyorm;!$e=f um; f l hJ Sf Sf f a&;OD;pD;Xme/ 1981 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd &J[efuavmiftrnfjzihf 0wK/ aqmif;yg; (90) cef@ a&; Sf Sf om;cJonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif jrefatmifrd Y yg0ifchJ h hS Sf D kd onf? yef;awmif;rde,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUwm0ef,conf? 1999 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v kd l hJ S D (26) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? G $ f kd f f f G f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1433) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wydkwGJvqef; 10 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 26 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;ode;f [eftm; yJc;l wdi;f / yef;awmif;re,f/ jynfo@l vwawmf rJqEN e,f trSwf k $ f (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf cHxm;&ol $ f kd f f tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdi;f / yef;awmif;rd e,f D kH D kd JG G kd k jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwif $ f J $ f kd f f ajrmufcxm;&ol OD;ode;f [efu rdronf ,cktcg use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwf H d d $ awmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;. qEN kd f f H f G fG tav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg OD;ode;f [ef.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' f f $ f yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;ode;f [eftm; ,ae@rpI yef;awmif;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f f f hf S $ f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxuf $ f kd f f H f G cGihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; 24? aygufacgif;re,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? a'guwmpde0if;onf ayguacgi;f rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygwtm; ud,pm; f f f J G kd D k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (17511) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (49 94) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? tz tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}u;D -OD;b0if; (AdvcsKyfatmifqef;. tud)/ trd a':cifapm hJ k f k wd@k rS 1944 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (16) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? rauG;wdi;f / awmifwi;f }u;D rd Zmwdjzpfonf? S G h k G a'guwmpde0if;onf 1965 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS odyH` (ocsm) *k%x;l bG@J / 1974 ckEpwif f f Sf G kf kd f F f Sf G *smrefjynfaxmifporRwEdii/H [rf;bwfwuUovrS r[modyb@JG Eihf 1979 ckEpwif a'guwm (yg&*lk kf kd f H` S Sf G f ocsm) Ph.D. (Hamburg University, Germany) bG@J w@kd &&Sconf? 1980 jynfEprS 1982 ckEptxd F d hJ hSf Sf ocsmuxdu/ udvbwuUovf (oD&vuFmEdii)/ 1982 ckEprS 1984 ckEptxd EdibwuUovf F k H kd kd d kfH Sf Sf k f kd D kd (uifnmEdii)/ jrefrmEdiiwi;f od@k ADZmtwkjzifh jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmojzifh tif;pdeaxmifwif axmif kfH kfH G f G '%f (9) v jypf'%fcc&onf? 1986 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd tcseyi;f uxdu/ ocsmXme/ vkyom; H hJ Sf Sf d f kd F f aumvdy/f 1989 ckEpwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jyef=um;a&;Xme (bma&;wm0efc)/ trsK;d om; Sf G kd H
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 'Drua&pDygwOuUwm0efrsm; ,lconf? 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wif rme,fyavmY kd D hJ hS G jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & pwifz@JG pnf;onftcg/ umuG,a&;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D / kf h f jynfxa&;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D / 0ef}u;D csKyftjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (26) &uf J G f hJ hS ae@wif ygwpkH 'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcsutrSwf (903) jzifh G D kd JG f f jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r - 11/ yk'rcGJ (q) ESihf +ipe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; $ f JG f f dG $ f kd f vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyicir&Sawmha=umif;ESihf jynfo@l f H kd f G hf d v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsuvua=umif; a=unmcJh f kd f f H f kd f onf? 1991 ckEp/f {+yDv (25) &ufae@wif trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyifqifw;kd csJ zG@J pnf;onfh S G tcg tqdygwm0efrsm;udk qufvufaqmif&uconf? 1995 ckEp/f Zlviv (21) &ufae@wif qG'ifEii/H k G f hJ S kd f G D kd f AGefrm;pApfY trsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&jyefvnfjyifqifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh EdkifiHjcm;a&; 0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf aqmif&uc+hJ y;D / 2000 jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (7) &ufae@wif tdi,mvefEii/H G f hS kd G kf kd f 'yfAvifrd Y trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onftcg 0ef}u;D csKyftjzpf aqmif&uc&m ,ae@ h G f hJ wdijf zpfonf? k 25? aygif;wnfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tkef;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f Edionf aygi;f wnfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; kf J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15589) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (64 08) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? aygi;f wnfrd / bk&m;ig;ql&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdef z;d / trd a':pdew@kd rS 1933 hJ G f ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (11) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;tke;f Ekionf &efuewuUovrS odyb@GJ / ynma&; S k G h df kf dk f H` 'DyvkrmESifh ynma&;0dZmbJ@G w@dk ukd 1964 ckEpwi&&Sconf? 1958 ckEprS 1965 ckEptxd aygi;f wnf d S f G f d hJ Sf Sf tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1965 ckEprS 1976 ckEptxd vufaxmuf Sf Sf uxdu/ q&mtwwfoif/ oJue;f rd / 1976 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd tv,fwef;ausmif;tky/f tpd;k & k Sf Sf tv,fwef;ausmif;/ bk&m;ig;ql/ aygi;f wnfrd / 1981 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ Sf Sf aygi;f wnfrd/ 'kuO;D (usKupaum)/ &efuewuUovausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;om;nD!wa&; d f d f kf dk f G f wyfOD;/ jynfcdkifausmif;om;ausmif;oltoif;/ o[m,ESihfpmzwftoif;rsm;tzJG@csKyfwdk@wGif yg0if v_y&m;cJonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif qENjyausmif;om;rsm; fS h hS Sf D kd t=urf;zufrr&Satmif aqmif&uconf? 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (19) &ufae@wif wm0efrS _ d G f hJ S kd G emruse;f t+ir;f pm;,lconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d) rS tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwy,f d hJ kd k f vdua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) k f D kH D kd JG f S &ufae@wif owif;xkwjf yefcsutrSwf (1292) jzifh a=unmcJonf? G f h 26? aygif;wnfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;at;oef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;oef;onf aygi;f wnfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (18005)rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (75 5) jzifh a&G;cs,f wif k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? aygi;f wnfrde,f/ o&ufo;kH yif&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aiG'g;/ trd a':pdejf cL hJ G wd@k rS 1941 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (4) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;at;oef;onf 1974 ckEpwif &efuef S D G h Sf G k 0dZmESihf odywuUovrS 0dZm (jrefrmpm) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1967 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd ukeonfvyief;jzifh H` kd f d hJ Sf Sf f kf toufarG;I 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif oydwaumfrwD0if/ hS Sf D kd f aygi;f wnfrde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rd@e,fpnf;H;k a&;r; wm0ef,conf? trsK;d om; kd G l hJ 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d) rS tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwy,fvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G; kd k f kd f D kH D kd aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) &ufae@wif owif;xkwjf yefcsutrSwf (1292) JG f S G f jzifh a=unmcJonf? h 27? jzL;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifoef;onf jzL;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (18067) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 96) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? jzL;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bd;k a*gi/f trd a':pdearwk@d rS 1929 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv hJ f S (17) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;atmifoef;onf 1962 ckEpwif 0dZmbJ@G Eihf 1973 ckEpwif ynma&; G h Sf G S Sf G 'Dyvkrm&&Sconf? 1944 ckEpf rS 1946 ckEptxd tm&Svi,ftzJ@G 0if/ 1959 - 60 ckEpwif rd e,f d d hJ S Sf l Sf G z-q-y-v twGi;f a&;r;/ 1964 ckEprS 1968 ckEptxd jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygw0if/ 1954 ckEprS Sf Sf kd S f D Sf 1959 ckEptxd txufwef;jy/ jzL;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ 1963 ckEprS 1975 ckEptxd ausmif; Sf Sf Sf tky/f oapP;tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; (&rnf;oif;)/ tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf (3)/ tvHk (&efue)/ kf 1981 ckEprS 1986 ckEptxd ausmif;tky}f uD;/ a*s,tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ aZ,s0wD/ 1986 Sf Sf l ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd rd e,fynma&;r; (awmifi)/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD Sf Sf l hS Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif awmifil rde,f'rua&pDvy&m;r_A[daumfrwD 'kw,OuU/ puf/kH tvkyEifh D kd _fS k d f kH S 0efxrf;aygi;f pHor*~OuU/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf ynma&;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;. em,utjzpf aqmif&uchJ k G f onf? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (2) &uf D kH D kd JG f S ae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1415) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; G f $ f kd f f f G f a=unmcJonf? h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1415) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvqef; 14 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 2 &uf) ? OD;atmifoef;tm; yJc;l wdi;f / jzL;re,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (1) k $ f J rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdi;f / jzL;rd e,f jynfo@l D kH D kd JG G kd k v$wawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol f J $ f kd f f H OD;atmifoef;u rdronf touft&G,}f u;D &ifvm+y;D use;f rma&;csKd wJvmygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l d h h d v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qEN f kd f f H f G fG tav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg OD;atmifoef;.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' f f $ f yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;atmifoef;tm;,ae@rpI jzL;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,frS f f hf S $ f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvduf $ f kd f f H f G fG k a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; 28? jzL;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdk;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k armifonf jzL;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; J kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (23588) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (63 84) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ jcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;at;/ trd a':vSriw@dk rS 1944 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ df S D G h jzL;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pk;d armifonf 0dZmbJ@G EiOya'bJ@G ukd &efue0ZmESihf odywuUovr&&Sconf? S hf kfd H` dk f S d hJ 1970 jynfEprS 1972 ckEpf txd txufwef;a&Sae/ 1972 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd w&m;H;k csKyfa&Sae/ hSf S Sf Sf 1974 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd Oya'0efxrf;tqihf (4)/ Oya'H;k (ueD/ urR/ v_i)/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 Sf Sf df hS ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif jzL;r@d e,f 'Drua&pDwyfO;D 'kw,OuUtjzpf aqmif&uf Sf D kd dk d G cJonf? jzL;rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;aumfrwDOuUwm0ef,conf? w&m;H;k h kd l hJ csKyfa&Saetjzpf vkuygaqmif&uonf? 1996 ckEp/f ZGev (24) &ufae@wif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f d f G f S f G f kd f tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? f G f D kH D kd f h ta=umif;t&m?
189
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmf S f G $ f kd f S $ f ud,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD OuUxHvyrI vufrwf k f f kH f kd f dfl S a&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? G h $ f kd f 29? rif;vSre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifhvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifvionf rif;vSrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,f h Gf J kd f k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16110) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 12) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? aysmb,frd e,f/ &efatmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1927 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (4) &ufae@ hJ f G S D zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;wifhvGifonf ysOf;rem;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifconf? 1936 ckEpwif ausmif;om;or*~ twGi;f a&;r;/ oydwtr_aqmif/ 1942 hJ Sf G f ckEpwif tm&Svi,f/ bD'at/ yDAtufz/f zufqpfawmfvea&;wGiyg0ifcI armfue;f 0if'w,qif&cJh onf? Sf G l D D Sf f hJ G k d h 1946 ckEpwif wyfrawmf tif*sie,mwyfo@kd wyfom;tjzpf pwif0ifa&mufconf? 1948 ckEprS 1977 Sf G fD hJ Sf ckEptxd =unf; (5326) 'kAv/f cv& (1) wyfcr; / cv& (5) OD;pD;t&m&S/d ajcvsiwyfr[m (4) ESifh (5) Sf dk GJ f wyfcr; / cv& (28) ESicr& (104) OD;pD; (w) 'kwyf&if;r;/ cr& (102) OD;pD; ('k) vyc/ wyc/ wyf&if;r;/ GJ fh cv& (48) cvu OuU/ wyf&if;r;/ cv& (20) wvu OuU/ &ckiwyfaygi;f pkr; / ausmif;tkyf }u;D / df A[djk ynfo0efxrf;ausmif;/ A[daumfrwD (t&ef) a&;&maumfrwD0if/ A[daumfrwD0if/ a&;&mtwGi;f a&;r;/ l k k qdA,ufjynfaxmifpom;v$wawmf tzJ@G 0if/ vSn;f ul; (1) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f 1977 ckEpf wGif kD k G f f dk f S ygwpnf;urf;t& vrf;pOfygwrxwy,fjcif;cH&onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD D DS k f hS Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyg0ifonf? rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[daumfrwD0iftjzpfwm0ef,conf? 1996 f fJ k l hJ ckEp/f ZGev (13) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS E_wxua=umif; ygwp'rkd ua&pD S f G $ f kd f f f G f D kH D taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? f h 30? rif;vSre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a':vSvSrdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':vSvr;dk onf rif;vSrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; S J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16282) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (69 08) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1943 ckEpzm;jzpfonf? rif;vSrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSb;l .orD; jzpfonf? hJ SfG a':vSvr;kd onf 1961 ckEpf wGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcI 1966 ckEpwif 0dZm (yx0D0if) bJ@G &&Sconf? S S hJ Sf G d hJ xkEprmyif rif;vSrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;Y tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1968 ckEpwif txufwef;jy dSfS Sf G q&mrtjzpf wm0efxef;aqmifc+hJ y;D 1984 ckEpwif bDt;D 'Db@GJ &&Sonf? 1988 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (2) Sf G d S &ufae@wif t+ir;f pm;,l&efav#mufxm;cJ+h y;D / 1989 ckEpwiyifpif&onf? 1975 ckEprS 1980 jynfEpf G d Sf Gf Sf hS txd rd e,fvrf;pOfvi,fpnf;H;k a&;aumfrwDtzG@J 0if/ rif;vSr@d e,f/ 1980 jynfEpwif rdrqENt& Ekwf l hSf G d xGuconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l f hJ S f G f kd f S v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD OuUxHvyrI f kd f f kH $ f kd f dfl vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0if jzpfonf? S f G h $ f kd f
190
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 31? rdk;ndKre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSatmifonf rd;k ndKrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (12210) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 76) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ jcif;cHc&onf? 1924 ckEpzm;jzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d pde.om;jzpfonf? OD;vSatmifonf i,fpOfu (10) hJ SfG f wef;ynmukd yJc;l wdi;f xH;k bdwioif=um;cJ+h y;D 1941 ckEpwif 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k wGif Armhvuf;kH wyfom; k k Gf Sf G tjzpf yg0ifconf? 1942 ckEpwif bDtiat-Advr; &efEi/f Advo& wyf&if;/ uaemifwyfc;kH tky/f hJ Sf G dk f k f dk k f l GJ 1943-44 ckEpf a&uif;rd wGif rlvwef;ausmif;q&mtjzpfwm0ef,pOf 1945 ckEp/f zufqpfawmfvea&; S l S Sf wm0efygwbuf,c+hJ y;D 1946-47 ckEpwif (yDAt) jynfo@l ppfacgi;f aqmifrsm;zJ@G pnf;pOf ppfacgi;f aqmif/ GJ l Sf G D kd taxGaxGXmer;/ 1947-48 ckEpwif Armht&efwyfrawmf/ om,m0wDY H;k tky/f tvHqyurf;rsm;wGif Sf G k df wm0ef,conf? 1950 jynfEprS 1956 ckEpwif rk;d ndKY z-q-y-v or wm0ef/ xkrS z-q-yl hJ hSf Sf G d v y-x-p OD;-Advf tkyprsm;wGif 1962 ckEp/f rwfv (1) &ufae@txd aqmif&uconf? k fk S G f hJ 32? rdk;ndKre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;a&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;xGef;a&$onf rkd;ndKrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (14223) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (65 11) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1933 ckEp/f rwfv (1) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;vSarmif.om;jzpfonf? hJ S G OD;xGe;f a&$onf ody/H` Oya'0dZmbJ@G Eifh ynma&;0dZmbJ@G w@dk &&Sconf? 1956 ckEprS 1964 ckEptxd S d hJ Sf Sf ausmif;q&m/ a&Sae/ or0g,r twGi;f a&;r;/ 1964 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOf Sf Sf kd S f ygwD A[dEiia&;odyH` trSwpOf (3) qif;/ tcsejf ynfh au'gygwa&;&mr;/ A[daumfrwD0if/ ygwpnf;urf; k kd f H f d D k D xde;f aumfrwD0if/ vufaxmufa&SaecsKyf/ A[dOya'H;k !$e=f um;a&;r;/ A[dajr,maumfrwD0if/ tajccH k k Oya'aumfr&SitzJ@G 0if/ *syefEiiom;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tzG@J twGi;f a&;r;/ AD,memr@wiusi;f y f dk f H G f dk f f Gf onf@ (Treaty of Treaties) . Oya'ynm&Si/f rd;k ndKvGwawmfu,pm;vS,/f wwd,t}urygwnvmcH f kd f df D D a&G;cs,fwifajrmufr_ESifhywfoufI rJa&G;cs,fr_ydyuQwGifxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? armifxGef;a&$ (A[dw&m;H;k a&Sae) trnfjzifh Oya'aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'ru k hS Sf D kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyg0ifconf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@wif tzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmif f hJ S f G k f tzG@J rS pmtrSwf - 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh OD;xGe;f a&$tm; tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;ryawmhonfh k f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? tzG@J csKyfrxwy,fcc&+yD;aemuf etz f kd f h S k f H hJ owif;pmrsm;wGif armifxe;f a&$ (w&m;H;k csKyfa&Sae/ rd;k ndK)[lonfh uavmiftrnfjzifh tzG@J csKyftm; G wducuonfh aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJonf? 2002 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (4) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? k f kd f h S D G f Gf
191
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f OD;xGef;a&$ touf (70)
(armifxGef;a&$/ w&m;Hk;csKyfa&Sae) &efuef rd / =unfjh rifwif rd e,f aps;}u;D ta&S&yfuu/f tif;pdewef;vrf;/ trSwf (75) ae (a':cif k kd G f oef;) . cifye;f / OD;rsK;d vGi-a':cifarOD;/ OD;'ge-a':cifa&$O;D / OD;uduEi-a':cifxm;OD;/ OD;xGe;f armf-a':pef; G f k kd kd f pef;armf/ (OD;xGe;f aZmf)-a':rdri,f/ OD;vSpe-a':cifapmOD;/ OD;xGe;f vif;armifw@kd . arG;ozcif/ ajr;ckepf d df a,mufw@kd . tbd;k onf (4-2-2002) &ufwif uG,veom;ygI (6-2-2002) (Ak'[;l ) ae@ nae (3) G f Gf G < em&Dwif xdeyiftat;wdurS xdeyifoomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D o* [ygrnf? G f k f f k f use&pforom;pk f ld 33? a&wm&Snfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmausmfausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmausmausmonf a&wm&Snfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f f f J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15874) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (57 91) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rE @W av;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;udu/kd trd a':oef;oef;wd@k rS 1951 f hJ k ckEp/f {+yDv (2) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmausmausmonf 1978 ckEpwif oGm;buf S G h f f f S f G qki&maq;wuUovrS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? ,if;aemuf jyifyaq;cef;wGif aq;ukor_ vkyief;vkyuichJ df kd f d hJ f f kd f onf? 1350 jynfEp(1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif r@d e,f oydwpcef;wm0efcH hSf Sf D kd f wOD;tjzpf t=urf;zufrrsm;ray:ayguatmif xde;f odr;f cJonf? a&wm&Snf rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pD _ f h kd tzG@J csKyf OuUwm0ef,conf? l hJ 34? a&wm&Snfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f atmifonf a&wm&Snf rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17571) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (60 56) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? avmrusO;f awm&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bd;k aumif;/ trd a':Oav;wk@d rS 1950 hJ jynfEp/f {+yv (29) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;xGe;f atmifonf pufroy/H` tif;pderS 1974 ckEpwif hS D G h _ d f Sf G pufroyH` 'Dyvdrm&&Sconf? tif;pdepufroyH` r@d jypm=unfwuudk OD;aqmifz@GJ pnf;cJonf? 1978-79 _ d k d hJ f _ d h dk f h ckEpwif om*&rd / apwemnausmif;Y apwemq&mtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 Sf G G f hJ hS ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufupmyg0ifconf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (30) Sf D kd GG hJ hS &ufae@u rE av; taemufawmifrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy;Hk wGif yvkyaom ,m,Dtpk;d & W kd f f zG@J pnf;a&; v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;ok@d wufa&mufconftjyif trmcH (6) OD;wGif yg0ifconf? 1990 jynfEp/f f hJ h hJ hS atmufwbmv (1) &ufae@ u rE av;-arr@d um;vrf;ab; qefpuf0if;xJwif yvkyaom awmwGi;f kd W G f e,fpyfwae&mwGif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (20) od@k r[kwf (25) OD; oGm;a&mufum ,m,Dtpk;d &zJ@G pnf; f kd f
(B.Sc., B.L., B.Ed.)
192
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&;tpnf;ta0;ESifh 1990 jynfEp/f Ed0ifbmv (8) &ufae@ v#Kd 0Sutpnf;a0;wk@d ukd wufa&mufcI zrf;qD; hS k f hJ xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? OD;xGe;f atmifonf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r 122 (1) t& jypf'%fp&ifjcif;cH&I hJ _ dk f f D a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (11) (n)ESihf +ipe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwpkH JG f dG f dk f S f D 'Drua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (30) &ufae@wif a=unm kd JG f S G csutrSwf (992) jzifh a=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfa&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; f h G f h JG S d f G hf kd ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f arv (27) &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrjS yefvwonf? 2004 ckEp/f f hJ S G f G f S =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; f G $ f k f S $ f kd f f awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol kH $ f kd f dfl S f G h jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f ( 43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? $ f kd f 35? a&$usifre,frJqENe,f? OD;pdk;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k vGionf a&Gusif rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI f J G kd k f 0ifa&muf ,SOf yic&m ckivrJ (17840) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 62) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? a&$usif rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wkw/f trd a':trmwk@d rS 1946 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (25) hJ S &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;pd;k vGionf 1976 ckEpwif a&$usif rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef; G h f Sf G atmifjrifconf? 1981-82 ckEpwif &efuewuUovpmay;pm,loifwef;rS Oya'bJ@G &&Sconf? 1999 hJ Sf G kf dk f d hJ ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (20) &ufae@ wGif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? S D $ f kd f f f G f hJ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1432) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wydkwGJvqef; 4 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 20 &uf) ? OD;pdk;vGiftm; yJcl;wdkif;/ a&$usifre,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,frS jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf ud k , f p m;vS , f t jzpf a&G ; aumuf w if a jr m uf cHxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdi;f / a&$usif rde,f D kH D kd JG G kd k jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH $ f J $ f kd f f xm;&ol OD;pd;k vGiu rdronf use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f f d d $ f kd f tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumf H f G fG r&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg OD;pd;k vGi.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r f f f $ f JG f ta=umif;t&m ?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;pd;k vGitm; ,ae@rpI a&$usif rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS jynfo@l f hf f S $ f J v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvdua=umif; f kd f f H f G fG k f a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 36? a&$awmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;oef;uG,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;u,onf a&$awmifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; G f J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16280) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 75) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? a&$awmifrd e,f/ us;D oJZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f pde/f trd a': jrwifw@dk rS hJ 1942 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;oef;u,onf 1968 ckEpwif 0dZmbJ@G &&SchJ S G h G f Sf G d onf? 1964 ckEprS 1987 ckEpf txd ukeo,0efxrf;/ pm&if;udi/f 1987 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? Sf S f G f k Sf G d hJ xd@k aemuf ukeonfvyief;jzifh toufarG;onf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmvESihf atmufwbmvrsm; f kf hS kd twGi;f rE av;+rdKYyvkyonfh pifydif awmwGi;f ,m,Dtpd;k &zGJ pnf;a&; tpnf;ta0;rsm;odk wuf W f a&mufcra=umifh 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufaewif A[ef;rd e,fw&m;H;k Y w&m;pGqc&+y;D hJ _ hS G J kd H w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmjcif;cHc&onf? OD;oef;u,onf 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufaewif hJ G f hS G vGwajrmufe,fajr rme,fyavmYzG@J pnf;cJonfh trsK;d om;!$ef aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J wif ukeo,a&;ESihf f h G f G f or0g,r0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? jrefrmEdiiH 'Dru&ufwpfwyfaygi;f pk hJ kf kd (Democratic Front of Burma) wGif tzG@J 0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? xd@k a=umifh ygwp'rua&pDtaxG G f hJ D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfrSirS 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufaewif a=unmcsuf trSwf f hS G (903) jzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsuconf? 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@pyg f kd f f f hJ hS JG pmtrSwf - 745pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif ,lxm;onfh wm0efrsm;rS vnf; kd G aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; &yfqi;f jcif;cHc&onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy. 1990 jynfEp/f S kd hJ kd f hS 'DZifbmv (22)&ufae@pyg pmtrSwf - 755pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$wawmf JG kd f ud,pm;vS,tjzpf todtrSwf yxm;jcif;udk zsuor;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (19) k f f f d hJ S D &ufaewif xdi;f Edii/H befaumufrd &Sd jrefrmppfo;kH / ppfor; Advr; }u;D A[de;f xH OD;jrifatmif (rauG;wdi;f / G k kf H H k f h k uHrrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,) ESitwl qufo,owif;yd@k I tzrf;cHconf? Ediiawmf $ f kd f f hf G f hJ kfH +idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS jrefrmEdiio@kd jyefvnfac:,lc&m 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (23) f kfH hJ S D &ufae@wif xdi;f Edii/H befaumufrd rS jrefrmEdii/H &efuef rd od@k av,mOfjzifh jyefvnfa&muf&conf? G k kf kf k dS hJ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J rS Ekwxua=umif; 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (31) kf f G f S D &ufae@ &efuef rd wGif yvkyonfowif;pm&Si;f vif;yGY a=unmcJonf? k f h J h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 37? a&$awmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ydkufcH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;yduf cHonf a&$awmifrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; k J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (15635)rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 21) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? yckuLU jrpfajcxaemif;uke;f aus;&GmwGif tz OD;&Si/f trd a':ode;f &Siw@dk rS 1945 hJ f ckEp/f Zlviv (5) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;yduf conf i,fpOfu xaemif;uke;f &Gm uHO;D ausmif; S kd f G h k H q&mawmfxwif ynmpwifoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1979 ckEpwif &efuefwuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? 1984 H G Sf G kd f d hJ ckEpwif txufwef;a&Saepmar;yJatmifjrifI Oya'tusK;d aqmifjzpfvmcJonf? pma&q&m/ uAsm Sf G G h q&m/ t,f'wm/ a&Sae ponfjzihf b0pHonf? 1975 ckEpwif a':cifpef;vGiEifh vufxyfconf? D k Sf G fS hJ yJc;l wdi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J 0iftjzpf wm0ef,conf? k kd l hJ 38? vufyHwef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifjrifonf vufywef;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf h H J kd tm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (22541) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 54) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? vufyefwef;r@d e,f/ crHqy&mrZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cifarmif/ trd a':axG; hJ k dfG wifw@dk rS 1944 ckEp/f ZGef v (5) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;atmifjrifonf vufyHwef;rd tpd;k & S G h h txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifausmif;xGupmar;yGatmifjrifconf? 1960-61 ckEpwif ausmif;om; h f J hJ Sf G or*~aqmf=oa&;r;/ 1961 ckEpwif wyfrawmfo@kd 0ifa&mufconf? jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygw0ifjzpf Sf G hJ kd S f D cJonf? 1967 ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd Ekiia&;t&zrf;qD; xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1973-74 ckEpwif h Sf Sf dfH hJ Sf G pma&;0efxrf;/ 1974 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd "mwftyfpuuEihf [dryufopform;awmf/ vlra&;tzJ@G Sf Sf kd f k S k dk _ rsm;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif rd e,f hJ hS Sf D kd 'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk jynfol@a&;&mwm0efcH/ rde,f&yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'tzJG@ wGzuftwGi;f a&;r;/ vufywef;rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf twGi;f a&;r;/ rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif; J H kd fJ rsm;tzJ@G OuUwm0ef,conf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@ wGif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;y l hJ S f $ f kd f aumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;y aumfrwD OuUxHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif dfl S f G h $ f k f wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 39? vufywef;re,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? H J OD;!Gef@at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Ge@f at;onf vufywef;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; H J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19829) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 23) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? vufyefwef;rd e,f/ uGr;f jc&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d a&$/ trd a':cifyw@dk rS hJ HG k 1936 ckEp/f {+yDv (12) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;!Ge@f at;onf &efuewuUovrS OypmodyH` S G h kf kd f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f atmifjrifconf? 1958-59 ckEpwif txufwef;jy ud yifaumuftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ 1961 hJ Sf G ckEprS 1963 ckEptxd tvkyorm;nD!wa&;ygwEifh y-r-n-w obmywdtzJ@G 0if/ 1963 ckEprS Sf Sf f G f DS Sf 1968 ckEptxd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1971 ckEpwif txufwef;a&Saepmar;yJG atmifjrif Sf hJ Sf G cJonf? 1971 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd qdA,ufy&iu,pm;vS,;kH twGi;f a&;r;/ 1978 ckEprS 1986 h Sf Sf kD k f S f kd f f Sf ckEptxd a&Sae/ 1986 ckEprS 1989 ckEpf txd =uawmifo/l 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l Sf Sf S H hS Sf 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif rde,f'rua&pDwyfaygi;f pk 'kw,OuU/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd D dk d kd rd e,f OuU wm0ef,conf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;y l hJ S f G $ f kd f aumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;y aumfrwDOuUxH vdyrIvufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif fl S f G h $ f kd f wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 40? a0gre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifa&$onf a0grd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; J kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (10618) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 48) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ cHc&onf? OD;tke;f .om;jzpfonf? 1941 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wif yJE,ue;f / ausmufwcg; hJ S G G f k H rde,fwif arG;zGm;cJonf? odyH` ("mwkaA') t"dujzihf bJ@G &&Sconf? 1988 ckEpwif trsK;d om;'Drkd G h d hJ Sf G ua&pDtzG@J csKyf pwifz@GJ pnf;wnfaxmifonftcg a0grd e,fpnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD OuU wm0ef,conf? h l hJ 1992 ckEp/f {+yvwGif ygwrS Ekwxuconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf S D D f G f hJ S f G $ f ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,f k f S f kd f f kH $ f kd pm;yaumfrwD OuUxHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD; dfl S f G h $ f kd f wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 41? a0gre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdk;odrf; (armif0Ho)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k odr;f onf a0grd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;y J kd f k f I 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20997) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 21) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? yJc;l rd Zmwdjzpfonf? yJc;l wdi;f / a0grd e,f/ jrpfusK;d aus;&Gm/ v,f,mESihf qefpufvyief;ydi&if hJ k kf kfS tz ODarmifcif/ trd a': jrpdew@kd rS 1945 ckEp/f {+yv (17) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? arG;csi;f (8) f S D G h a,mufteuf ti,fq;kH jzpfonf? OD;pd;k odr;f onf jrpfusK;d aus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;rS rlvwef; atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / yJc;l rd trsK;d om;wef;jrifausmif;od@k qufvufwufa&mufI wuUov0ifwef;atmif h kd f jrifum &efuewuUovo@kd qufvufwufa&mufc+hJ y;D / 0dZmbG@J &&Sconf? 1962 ckEpwif &efuef wuUovf kf kd f d hJ Sf G k kd (4) OD; aumfrwD0iftjzpf yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? OD;pdk;odrf;onf 1962 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd taxmufawmfowif;pm wuUovowif;axmuf/ 1964 ckEpwif vkyom;jynfo@l ae@pOfowif; kd f Sf G f axmuf/ vufaxmuft,f'Dwm/ 1967-68 ckESpfwGif jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xme owif;pmtwwf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f oifausmif;Y yxrywfowif;pmynmoifwef; wufa&mufconf? 1970 jynfEpwif jrefrmhtvif; hJ hSf G owif;pm t,f'wmtjzpfvyuic+hJ y;D / 1976 ckEpwif *syefEiio@kd owif;pmynmavhvma&;c&D; D k f kd f Sf G kd f H oGm;a&mufconf? 1977 ckEpwif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk rpf&*ef wuUovY toufarG;0rf; usmif; hJ Sf G DS kd f owif;pmynm zJv;kd &Spoifwef;od@k wufa&mufatmifjrifconf? 1978 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd f hJ Sf Sf rE av;[Hom0wD owif;pmt,f'wmtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ Akvwaxmifowif;pm t,f'wmtjzpf W D d f D vnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1978 ckEprS 1980 jynfEptxd &efuewi;f / a'oaumvdyf hJ Sf hSf k f kd trSwf (1) Y vlxkqufoG,fa&;bmom&yfudk tcsdefydkif;oif=um;ykd@cscJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfY ynmoif=um;aepOf ausmif;om;nD!wa&;wyfO;D ESihf ausmif;om;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;Y yg0ifconf? 1350 G f hJ jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif owif;pmwduaygi;f pHaumfrwD0iftjzpf hS Sf D kd k f k yg0ifvy&m;cJojzifh 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmvqef;rSpI Advwaxmifowif;pm t,f'wmtjzpfrS _fS h S kd k f D wm0ef&yfpjJ cif;cHc&onf? OuU OD;wifO;D / taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd OD;aqmifaom hJ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfpwifxaxmifaomtcg wwfoynm&Sirsm;tzG@J wiyg0ifcum yJc;l wdi;f kd l d f Gf hJ k pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&+y;D / yJc;l wdi;f (28) rd e,ftwGi;f pnf;H;k a&;vkyief;rsm;udk hJ k f v_y&m;aqmif&uconf? if;aemuf A[dO;D pD;tzG@J 0iftjzpf yl;wGwm0ef,conf? 1989 ckEp/f Zlviv fS G f hJ k J l hJ S kd f (20) &ufae@ txde;f odr;f rcH&rD wd;k csJ zG@J pnf;cJaom A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J wif tzG@J 0if tjzpfw;kd jrihf h k f G wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 1989 ckEp/f Zlviv (20) &ufae@ eHeufyi;f rSpI trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy;kH hJ S kd f kd kd f wnf&&m wuUov&yomvrf;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1962 ckEp/f dS kd f d f hJ S &efuewuUovwiynmoif=um;aepOf Zlvif (7) &ufta&;tcif;wGif ausmif;om;nD!wa&;wyfO;D kf kd f G f kd $ f twGi;f a&;r;tzGJ 0iftjzpf yg0ifvy&m;cJra=umifh ausmif;xkwjf cif;cHc&onf? 1964 ckEprS 1988 ckEptwGi;f _fS h_ hJ Sf Sf owif;pmq&mtjzpfvyuic+hJ y;D / armif0otrnfjzifh pmtkypmwrf; trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJonf? 1958 k f kd f H f h ckEpwif uAsmESi0wKwrsm; pwifa&;om;cJ+h y;D / armif0o uavmiftrnfukd 1961 ckEpwif pwiftoH;k ycJh Sf G hf kd H Sf G onf? 1965 ckEprpI ynma&;ESihf vli,fqi&maqmif;yg;rsm; trsm;qH;k a&;om;cJonf? 1975/ 1976/ SfS kd f h 1977 ckEprsm;wGif ta&SawmifEihf ta&Sajrmufe,fjcm;rsm;od@k c&D;xGuc+hJ yD;/ e,fjcm;a&;&mrsm;ESihf Sf S f rl;,pfaq;0g;wduzsua&; v_y&m;r_rsm;ta=umif;/ owif;pmrsm;wGif tcef;qufaqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJ+h y;D k f f fS pkpaygi;f aqmif;yg;yk'a& (400)ausma&;om;chonf? 1973 ckEpwif upfqif;*sm; Ediia&;twKywdW k f f J Sf G kfH ` pmtkyjf zifh vH;k csi;f avmu od@k 0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D / rda&S'g,ef/ tm,efa';/ tD*sporRwq'wf/ epf k f qif/ rm&S,w;D wd;k / ck&u/ armifbufwefpaom Ediia&;twKywpmtkyrsm;a&;om;cJonf? f S f h kfH ` dW f h a&Sae}u;D y,f&arqiftkywJG pmpOf0wKrsm;udk bmomjyefconf? acwfyifurBma&;&m tbd"mef D f hJ h pmtkyf (1982) udk ypkconf? a&mbwfyif;0g;&if;. (All The King's Men) udk rd;k rjrif avrjrif hJ trnfjzifvnf;aumif;/ upfqif;*sm;. tawG@turwwrf;rsm;udk tdrjf zLawmfEprsm; ESihf uaomif; h HS f Sf ueif; ESprsm;trnfrsm;jzifvnf;aumif; jrefrmbmomjyefconf? 1984 ckEp/f atmufwbmvrSpI f h hJ S kd tawG;tjrif pmpOfuvnf;aumif;/ 1985 ckEp/f Zefe0g&vrSpI vlc|evrepmpOfuvnf;aumif;/ kd S D f lGf kd 1987 ckEpwif owif;xl;/ bufp *sme,frsm;udvnf;aumif; pDpOfxwa0cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drkd Sf G kH k k f h ua&pDtzGJ csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,aepOf *EDq;kH jzwfcsutwdi;f e0wu k f l N f k v$wawmfac:ray;v#iaqmif&uzkd vonfh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,pmwrf;ypk&mY twGi;f ususyg0ifcr_ f f G f kd f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a=umif[qum e0wu if;tm; 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (u) (c) (n) jzifh h k kd hS H_ f w&m;pGum 1990 jynfEp/f Ed0ifbmvtwGi;f wGif axmif'%fcsrwconf? enf;vrf;oH;k oG,pmwrf; udpY J hS k S f hJ f P if;tygt0if A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGJ 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;csr;f at; (armifp;l prf;)/ OD;cifarmif aqG/ k f OD;ausmrif; (Adoumausmrif;)/ OD;pdevO;D (armifE,O;D ) wdk uyg e0wu zrf;qD;axmifcsconf? xkd tjyif f k f f S G f kd hJ Advr; }uD;a[mif;rsK;d atmif (xm;0,f-2)/ Adv}f uD;a[mif;wif0if;ESihf A[dvi,ftzGJ rS udr;kd aZmfO;D / k f k k l k udk&efatmif/ udk0if;vd_if/ udkudk}uD;wdkudkvnf; wygwnf;zrf;qD;axmifcscJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufaewif a=unmcsuf trSwf JG f S G (984) jzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsuconf? 1992 ckEp/f {+yv (29) &uf aewif tif;pdef f kd f f f hJ S D G tusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? 1996 ckEp/f arvwGif t=urf;rzuf Ediia&;v_y&m;r_ aqmif;yg;rsm; G f S kfH fS a&;om;cJojzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D axmif'%f (5) ESpf csrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 2001 ckEp/f ZGev h hJ S hJ S f (13) &ufae@wif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrjS yefvwonf? G f G f 42? oeyfyifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;at;odef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;ode;f onf oeyfyifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (18847) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 16) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? oeyfyifrd/ atmufp&yfuuZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;a&$/ trd a': jr hJ k G f =unfw@dk rS 1959 ckEp/f {+yv (5) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;at;ode;f onf 1975 ckEpwif oeyfyif S D G h Sf G tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef;atmifjrifc+hJ y;D 1980 jynfEpwif pmay;pm,ljzihf Oya'bJ@G &&SchJ hSf G d onf? w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpfvuygaqmif&uI toufarG;onf? kd f G f 43? oeyfyifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmaX;odef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmaX;ode;f onf oeyfyifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17390) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 49) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? yJc;l rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;csparmif/ trd a':usiEw@dk rS 1953 ckEp/f pufwif hJ f fk S bmv (24) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? OD;aX;ode;f onf &efueaq;wuUovf (2) rS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? G kf kd d hJ ajrmufOuUvmyaq;Hwif tvkyoifq&m0eftjzpf tr_xrf;cJ+h y;D aemuf ud,yiaq;cef;zGixm;onf? k G f k f dk f hf 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif oeyfyifrd e,fausmif;om;or*~ hS Sf D kd em,utjzpf aqmif&uconf? a&G;aumufy+JG y;D aemuf tar&duefjynfaxmifpwiom;a&mufaexdif G f hJ k Gf G k cJonf? h 44? oJue;re,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? k f J OD;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;onf oJue;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; k J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (12179) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (50 57) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f cHc&onf? oJue;f rd e,f/ tif;rZmwdjzpfonf? Tz OD;wif/ trd a':tke;f wifw@dk rS 1925 ckEp/f azazmf0g hJ k S &Dv (22) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;at;onf 1939 ckEpwif jrefrm (9) wef; atmifjrifconf? G h Sf G hJ 1942-43 ckEpwif &J=uyf}u;D / 1943-44 ckEpwif &Jty/f 1945 ckEp/f awmfvea&;twGuf &Jtxl; Sf G Sf G k S Sf axmufvr;f a&;wm0ef/ Akvr; }uD;Axl;.tkycsKyfratmufwif *syefuifayv_y&m;r_uowif;yk@d &ol/ S d f f _ G fS dk 1946-47 ckEpwif rd e,f z-q-y-v qk&,vpf jynfo@l &abmf acgi;f aqmif/ 1948 ckEprS 1965 Sf G dS f J Sf ckEptxd or0g,rrd tky/f 'Dtufptif Au arG;jrLa&;refae*sm/ 1965 ckEprS 1990 jynfEptxd Sf f dk Sf hSf ud,yip;D yGm;a&;vkyonf? k f kd f f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1392) (1360 jynfhESpf/ 0gqdkvjynfhausmf 9 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 17 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;at;tm; yJc;l wdi;f / oJue;f re,f/ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf (1) rS k k $ f J jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS f kd f f H Ekwxucifhyjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdi;f / oJue;f rde,f D kH D kd JG G kd k k jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumuf $ f J $ f kd f f wifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;at;u rdronf use;f rma&;,d,i;f vmonfEitr# vlra&;/ Ediia&;udp&yf H d k G S hf _ kfH P rsm;udk aqmif&uEijf cif;r&Sawmhojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumuf G f kd d d $ f kd f f wifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJyg H f G fG f h onf? 2? txufyg OD;at;.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'r f f $ f f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;at;tm; ,ae@rpI oJue;f rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,ftrSwf f hf S k $ f (1) rS jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf y f kd f f H f G fG vdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 45? oJukef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;odef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f xGe;f onf oJue;f rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI k J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (14416) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (57 84) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f onf? oJue;f rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wl/ trd a':pdejf rwk@d rS 1949 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (27) &ufae@ k S kd wGif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ode;f xGe;f onf 1966 ckEpwif wef;jrifausmif;xGupmar;yJatmifjrifconf? h Sf G h f G hJ 1968 ckEpf oJue;f q&mtwwfoifausmif; pma&;0efxrf; tqihf (1)/ 1984 ckEp/f ZGevwGif emruse;f S k S f yifpif,+l y;D / ud,yipuysK;d a&;/ arG;jrLa&;vkyuiconf? 1969 ckEp/f pufwifbmv aoG;aomufr*~Zif;Y k f dk f dk f f kd f hJ S 0wKwwyk'a&;om;um pmayavmuod@k pwif0if a&mufconf? rd;k a0/ &_r0/ jzLeD !djk ym/ pmayvkyom; dk f hJ f r*~Zif;rsm;wGif oumxG%;f / xG%;f vlatmifuavmiftrnfjzifh pmayrsm;a&;om;cJonf? OD;ode;f xGe;f h onf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (30) &ufaeu rE av;taemufawmifrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pD hS W kd tzGJ csKyf;kH wGif yvkyonfh ,m,Dtpd;k &zGJ pnf;a&; v#Kd 0Sutpnf;a0;odk wufa&mufcojzifh e0w. f f hJ zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f r_ucc&+yD;/ jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r 122 (1) jzifw&m;pGum 1991 ckEp/f arvwGif kd H hJ _ kd f f h J S axmif'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f S hJ D kH D kd JG f S Zefe0g&v (6) &ufaewif a=unmcsutrSwf (996) jzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsuchJ D G f f kd f f f onf? aemifwif yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf;ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f arv G f JG S d f G hf kd f hJ S (27) &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l G f G f S f G v$wfawmfudk,fpm;yaumfrwDESifh jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@ v$wawmfu,pm;y aumfrwDOuUxHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; f kd f dfl S f G h $ f kd f vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 46? om,m0wDre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? aZ,sausmfxif 'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;pH0if; (+idrf;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pH0if;onf om,m0wDrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15309) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 91) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ZD;uke;f rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b=unf/ trd a':oef;arwd@k rS 1924 ckEp/f hJ S {+yv (22) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;pH0if;onf 0dZm(pD;yGm;a&;)bJ@G Eifh txufwef;a&Saepmar;yJG D G h S atmifjrifconf? 1936 ckEpwif ausmif;om;or*~acgi;f aqmif/ oHr%dwyfom;/ 1942 ckEprS 1945 hJ Sf G Sf ckEptxd Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat) 'kAv/f ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at) S f G f dk f kd f D Advoifwef;tywfpOf (3) qif;/ zufqpfawmfvea&; wdi;f (7)/ rsK;d cspArmhwyfrawmf (yDAtufz) k f Sf k f D f wyf&if;(2)/ 1946 ckEprS 1948 ckEptxd oeu (4) wyfom;rS 'kt&mcHAv/f wyfrawmfwif 'kAvrS Sf Sf kd G dk f 'kAvr; }u;D / cv& (9) wyf&if;r;txd/ twGi;f 0ef/ 'kw,0ef}u;D rS 0ef}u;D (ukeo,a&;) txd/ jrefrmh dk f d f G f qd&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD A[kaumfrwD0if/ awmifov,form;aumifpD A[ktvkytr_aqmif/ 1976 kS f d l d f ckEp/f ZGev (7) &ufae@wif vrf;pOfygwr&yfpconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD S f G D S J hJ hS Sf D kd ta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvrSpI rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ wJGbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 2003 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (22) &ufae@wif &efuef rd Y uG,veonf? G f hJ S kd G k f Gf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f bk&m;/ &[ef;/ odrf/ ausmif; 'g,um}uD; aZ,sausmfxif 'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;pH0if; (+idrf;) bDpD-5262 ukefoG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD; (+idrf;) vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0ifyxrqifh/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nfyxrqifh *syefacwf wwd,ywfAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;qif;(r*Fvm'Hk) aygif;wnfZD;ukef; &efukefrd/ urmGwfrde,f/ (2) &yfuGuf/ jruefomvrf;/ trSwf (649pD)ae (opfawm 0efaxmuf OD;b=unf-a':oef;ar) wd@k .om;/ a': jrjroef;. cifye;f / (Adv}f uD;oef;xG) -a': jroef; G k f 0if; (pufr-1/ +idr;f )/ (vufaxmufaxG*sm/ pwm;wuftxnfcsKyfpuf)/ a'guwmcifrOL0if;/ OD;aX; _ kH f vGi0if; (vxwdi;f Oya' t&m&S/d yJc;l wdi;f )-a':rrav; (OD;pD;t&m&S/d ig;vkyief;OD;pD;Xme)/ a'guwm f k k f f pdk;vGif0if;wdk@. zcif/ ajr;av;a,mufwdk@. tbdk;onf (22-10-2003) &uf nae (4 ; 30) em&DwGif aetdrYuG,veygI (24-10-2003) (aom=umae@) nae (3) em&Dwif a&a0;tat;wdurS a&a0; f f G f G k f ok\efodk@ ydk@aqmifrD;o*[fygrnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 47? om,m0wDre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifat;onfom,m0wDrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (14747) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (60 26) jzifh k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? aygi;f wnfrd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1929 ckEp/f arv (25) &ufae@zm; jzpf f hJ S G onf? OD;bd;k q,f. om;jzpfonf? OD;armifat;onf (10) wef;atmifjrif+yD; wyfrawmf (a&) wGif wyfom;rS Advr; tqiftxd/ pcef;r; ppfa&,mOfr; / 1963 ckEpwif txl;t&m&Sd ykvarG;jrLa&;vkyief;/ k f h Sf G J f 1972 ckEpwif (wyfrawmfrt+idr;f pm;,lI) 'kw,taxGaxGrefae*sm ykvEiig;/ 1976 ckEpwif Sf G S d J S hf Sf G +rwf r@d e,fw&m;H;k Y H;k wifppfaq;jcif;cH&I (5) ESpr# ajz&Si;f tr_&ifqi&onf? 1981 ckEpwif tr_+y;D d f kd f Sf G qH;k umw&m;aov$wI rlv&mxl;jyef&onf? 1982 ckEpwif XmewGi;f tqifrajyr_rsm;&ifqi&I f Sf G dk f t+ir;f pm;,lconf? wm0eft& jynfyEkiirsm;ok@d oGm;a&mufconf? ol&aumif;rSwwrf;0if&&Sonf? d hJ dfH hJ J f d 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyg0ifconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv hS Sf D kd f hJ S f (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,rsm;awG@ G $ f k f S $ f k f f qHa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD OuUxHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol k $ f kd f dfl S f G h jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyrS 2005 $ f kd f kd f ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (16) &ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf - 006pnf; jzifh tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftjzpfrS xkwy,fconf? f hJ
B.A.(Eco.), H.G.P.
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 48? tkwfzdkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifO;D onf tkwzkd rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (10166) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (51 6) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? tkwzkd r@d e,f/ us;D yifqy&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;omrSe;f / trd a':r,fusiw@dk rS 1939 hJ f dfG f ckEp/f arv (2) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wifO;D onf wuUov0ifwef;txdynmoif=um;cJI S G h kd f h 1970 jynfEprS 1981 ckEptxd rd e,fawmifol v,form;tpnf;tH;k wJzuftwGi;f a&;r;/ ygw,epf hSf Sf G D l aumfrwD0if/ jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwwif ygwwi;f 'Drua&pDqwoO;f aeonf[k ajymonfudk kd S f D G D G kd d f k ta=umif;yI ygwwm0efrS kyor;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; D f d hJ hS Sf D kd awmfyHk}uD;wGif awmifolv,form;or*~ twGif;a&;r;/ tkwfzdkrde,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf twGi;f a&;r;wm0ef,chJ onf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;y l S f G $ f kd f aumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;y aumfrwD OuUxHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif dfl S f G h $ f kd f wOD;tygt0if jzpfonf? 49? tkwfzdkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;omarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omarmifonf tkwzkd rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (12443)rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 4) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? {&m0wDwi;f / usewvmb&m;uke;f aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d pde/f trd hJ dk df a':pdwaumif;wd@k rS 1920 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (27) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;omarmifonf (7) f hS D G h wef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD; 1942 ckEpwif Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat) Sf G G f dk f od@k 0ifa&mufconf? *syefacwf 'kw,ywf Akvoifwef;qif;/ xkrS 'kAvtqihEihf wyf&if; (2) Akvr; hJ d d f d kd f fS d f cspf riwyfwif awmfvea&;atmifjrifonftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1945 ckEprS 1948 ckEptxd df G Sf hJ Sf Sf jynfo@l &abmf ckipnf;H;k a&;r;/ 1953 ckEprS 1962 ckEptxd z-q-y-v/ z-w-v-p/ y-x-p J df Sf Sf oef@&i;f wk@d wif rd@e,fOuU/ ckipnf;H;k a&;r;ESifh A[daumfrwD0iftxd tqifqifaqmif&uconf? S G df k h h G f hJ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif rd@e,fawmifov,form;or*~ hS Sf D kd l em,u/ r@d e,for*~aygi;f pHk OuU/ tkwzdk r@d e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUtjzpfaqmif&uchJ f kd G f onf? 50? tkwfwGif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;odef;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;ode;f OD;onf tkwwi;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygwtm; ud,pm; f G J kd D k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (12357) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (63 17) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? {&m0wDwi;f / ajrmif;jrrdZmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckEp/f ZGev (21) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ kd S f G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f OD;&Jbvl;.om;jzpfonf? OD;ode;f OD;onf 1971 ckEpwif &efuep;D yGm;a&;wuUovrS 0dZm (ocsmpm&if; Sf G kf kd f F tif;ynm) bG@J &&Sconf? 1972 ckEpwif jrpfzsm;ESihf jruefomky&ijf zef@csa&;wGif ky&iuui;f ESihf d hJ Sf G fS d f S f kd f G um;iSm;refae*sm/ zvift,f'wm/ 1984 ckEpwif r[meENmyHEywuf refae*sm/ 1984-85 ckEpwif D Sf G k dS f kd Sf G rd;k a0r*~Zif; tkycsKyfa&;r;ESihf t,f'wmtzG@J 0if/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; f D hS Sf D kd awmfy}kH uD;wGif bG@J &ESiausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;or*~ (&efuewuUov) em,utjzpf aqmif&uchJ hf kf kd f G f onf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@wif jzpfym;cJonfh 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uwucuowfjzwfr_ S G G h J H kd f kd f }u;D t+y;D zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&I 2003 ckEpf Zlviv (15) &ufae@wif jyefvnfveajrmufconf? hJ S kd f G Gf hJ 51? tkwfwGif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;cifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmif0if;onf tkwwi;f rd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f G J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (12357) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (63 17) jzifh a&G; k f S f hJ d f kH kk kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? jrif;jcHrdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f &if/ trd a':oef;EG@J w@dk rS 1944 ckEp/f f hJ S atmufwbmv (28) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;cifarmif0if;onf 1962 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef; kd G h Sf G dk f atmifjrifconf? 1966 ckEpf wGif azmif}uD;A[d0efxrf;wuUovY 'kvkH cHa&;r;oifwef;tywfpOf hJ S k kd f (3) wufa&mufatmifjrifconf? 1967 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd awmifickiwif 'k&tytqifjh zihf hJ Sf Sf l df G J kf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1978 ckEpwif &Jwyfz@GJ rS E_wxuconf? 1988 ckEp/f ta&;tcif;t+yD;wGif Sf G f G f hJ S tkwwi;f +rdK@e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif OuUtjzpfaqmif&uc+hJ yD; 1991 ckEpwif ta&;ay: f G kd G G f Sf G pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) ESihf avmif;upm;tufOya' yk'r 15 (u) jzifh axmif'%f (15) ESpcsrwf H_ f f f S jcif;cHc&+yD; 2001 ckEp/f Zlviv (30) &ufae@wif awmifiaxmifrS jyefvnfvwajrmufvmcJonf? hJ S kd f G l G f h axmifrjS yefvw+f yD;aemufwif tkwwi;f rd@e,ftrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif 'kw,OuU tjzpf G G f G kd G d aqmifuconf? 2006 ckEp/f rwfvwGif jynfya&muftzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESiywfouf qufpyfonf[k G f hJ S hf qdum zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? k hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (8) rauG;wdkif;?
jrefrmEdiiH tv,fyi;f wGif wnf&onf? ta&Sbufwif rE av;wdi;f / ajrmufbufwif kf kd dS G W k G ppfui;f wdi;f / taemufbufwif csi;f jynfe,fEihf &cdijf ynfe,f/ awmifbufwif yJc;l wdi;f wd@k wnf&onf? kd k G S k G k dS ajrmufvwWw'f (18) 'D*&D (50) rdepfEi(22) 'D*&D (47) rdepftwGi;f / ta&Savmif*sw'f (93) 'D*&D D G S hf D G (47) rdepfEihf (95) 'D*&D (55) rdepftwGi;f wnf&onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (17305) us,0ef; S dS kf f onf? wdi;f rd awmfrm rauG;rd jzpfonf? k S rauG;wdi;f wGif rd e,f (25) rd e,f&/dS rJqENe,f (39) e,fY Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (16) ck k kfH D tm;ud,pm;y,SOf yiol v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (162) OD;/ woD;yk*v v$wawmfu,pm; k f df f kd f f ~ f kd f vS,avmif; (8) OD;/ pkpaygi;f (170) OD; 0ifa&muf,Of yic=hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (39) f k S df kd ae&mpvH;k a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? f 1? uHrre,frJqENe,f? OD;jrifhatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifatmifonf uHrrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI h J G kd k f 0ifa&muf ,SOf yic&m ckivrJ (22711) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 5) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? uHrrd e,f/ aZG@r&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;om^m%f/ trd a':zGm;cifw@dk rS 1959 ckEp/f ZGev hJ dG S f (25) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;jrifatmifonf odyH` ("mwkaA') bJ@G ukd &efue0ZmESioywuUovrS G h k f d hf d H` dk f 1985 ckEpwiwi&&Sconf? bJ@G &+yD; (2) ESpr# ausmpm"mwfajr=oZmpufwif vkyui+f yD;aemuf S f G f G f d hJ f fG kH G f kd ud,yiqefpufvyief; vkyuiconf? uHrrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,chJ k f dk f kf f kd f hJ kd l
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f I aZG@raus;&Gm/ uHrrd wGiaeonf? 1991 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (8) &ufae@pjJG zihf ygwp'rua&pDtaxG d f S D D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS OD;jrifatmiftm; v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf y f h f dk f f f G fG a=umif;a=unmcJonf? ,if;a=unmcsuwif OD;jrifatmifu rdronf Ekiiawmftm;vufeufpuif h f G h d dfH JG kd awmfveyeuefaom aomif;use;f oltzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf 1990 jynfEp/f atmufwbmvrSpI yl;aygi;f +y;D Sfkf hS dk ,if;wk@d xaxmifonfh pifyitpk;d &tzJ@G wif v,f,mESihf opfawm0ef}u;D tjzpfyg0ifca=umif;/ ,cktcg l df G hJ rdrtrSm;udk rdroojzifh Oya'abmiftwGi;f ok@d 0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D jzpfaomfvnf; rdronf jynfo@l vwawmf d d d d $ f a&G;aumufyOya'udk av;pm;vkuemaomtm;jzifh uHrrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;tjzpf ta&G; JG d f $ f dk f cH&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef awmif;cHvmI Ekwxucihf yvkuf a=umif;azmfjyyg&onf? 1990 f G fG f G fG d dS jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufaewif vGwajrmufe,fajr rme,fyavmY jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH hS G f kf trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & zG@J pnf;wnfaxmif+y;D aemufyi;f oGm;a&mufy;l aygi;f cJonf? ,if;tpd;k &tzG@J Y kd h v,f,mESihf opfawm0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wif wm0efay; hS G cef@tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (19) &ufaewif xdi;f Edii/H befaumufrd &Sd jrefrmppfo;kH / hJ S D G k kf H ppfor; Advr; }u;D A[de;f xH yJc;l wdi;f / a&$awmifrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f H k f k J f kd f OD;oef;uG,Eitwl qufo,owif;yd@k I tzrf;cHconf? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&; f S hf G f hJ kfH f tzG@J rS jrefrmEdiio@kd jyefvnfac:,lc&m 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (23) &ufae@wif xdi;f Edii/H befaumufrd rS kfH hJ S D G k kf jrefrmEdii/H &efuef rd od@k av,mOfjzifjh yefvnfa&muf&conf? kf k dS hJ 2? acsmufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;jrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifoe;f onf acsmufrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivr (29135) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 31) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH J kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;&J.om;/ yk*H r@d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1942 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (13) &ufae@ hJ S zGm;jzpfonf? OD;jrifoe;f onf 1948 ckEprS 1956 ckEptxd acsmufrda&td;k pOftpd;k & tv,fwef; h d Sf Sf ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcI 1959 ckEpwif bDtptpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef; hJ Sf G dk D atmifjrifonf? 1975 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS 0dZm (orki;f ) bJ@G &cJonf? 1960 jynfEpwif Sf G kf kd f d h hSf G jrefrmh a&eHaumfya&;&Si;f wGitr_xrf;cJ+h y;D / 1972 ckEpf wGiacsmufa&eHajrY wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? kd f S f hJ jrefrmha&eHaumfya&;&Si;f / acsmufa&eHajrY wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 1974 ckEp/f ta&;tcif;wGif yg0if kd S cJrj_ zifh rqvtpd;k &u tvkyrxwypfconf? acsmufrd@e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif OuU h f S k f hJ kd G tjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1998 ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS acsmufrd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) G f hJ Sf G S h wGif ac:,lxe;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D 2001 ckEp/f Zlviv (6) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? 2003 ckEp/f {+yv d hJ S kd f G G f S D (12) &ufae@wif if;.aetdrY acsmufrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf H;k cef;zGihf vSpyusi;f ycJ&m G f kd f JG h 'kw,OuU ol&OD;wifO;D ESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd rS qdi;f bkwwifzivpay; d k f G hf S f cJonf? arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uwucuowfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfym;t+y;D / wjynf h J H kd f kd f G vH;k &StzG@J csKyf;kH rsm;tm; etzrS rw&m;ydwjf ypfc&m OD;jrifoe;f rdom;pkrm nDjzpfol jrefrmha&eH0efxrf; d hJ h d S .tdrwif oGm;a&mufaexdic&&mrS nDjzpfotm; tm%mydirsm;u t=uyfui+f cdr;f ajcmufztm; f G k f hJ l kf kd d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ay;cJojzifh nDjzpfo.tdrrS rdom;pkEitwl xGucmay;cJ&ojzifh aexdip&mr&Sd tcuftcJuc&onf? h l f S hf fG h kf H hJ 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmf S f G $ f kd f S $ f ud,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwD OuUxHvyrI vufrwf k f f kH $ f k f dfl S a&; xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwf awmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? G h $ kd f 3? acsmufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwm!Gef@pdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) a'guwm!Ge@f peonf acsmufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f df J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (28501) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 91) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? oefvsif rd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1928 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (11) &ufae@zm; jzpf f hJ S G onf? OD;armifarmif;.om;jzpfonf? a'guwm!Ge@f peonf 1954 ckEpwif &efueaq;wuUovrS f df Sf G kf kd f q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1954 ckEprS 1957 ckEptxd wm0efusq&m0ef iSuzsm;Xme/ &efueaq;H}k u;D / d hJ Sf Sf f kf 1957 ckEprS 1964 ckEptxd vufaxmufq&m0ef/ acsmuf/ oefvsi/f (bDtp)/ 1963 ckEprS 1976 Sf Sf dk D Sf ckEptxd vufaxmufq&m0ef}u;D / q&m0ef}u;D / jrefrmha&eHaq;Hk (acsmufa&eHajr)/ 1977 ckEprS 1988 Sf Sf ckESpftxd q&m0ef}uD;/ jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;&Sif; (Hk;csKyf)/ 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif oufjynfh yifpif,lcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif urBmhusef;rma&;tzJG@tpDtpOfjzihf a&eHESihfa&eH"mwkvkyfom;rsm; vkyief;cGiuse;f rma&; ynmavhvm&ef taemuf*smr%D/ a[mfvef/ tD&ef/ tD*sp/f tif'e;D &Sm;wk@d o@kd f f kd oGm;a&mufconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif jrefrmha&eHaumfykd hJ hS Sf kd a&;&Si;f (H;k csKyf) vkyom;rsm;or*~ (,m,D) OuUtjzpfaqmif&uconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f G f hJ kd A[dwwfoynm&SitzJ@G 0if/ rauG;wki;f pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwDtzG@J 0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? k d f d G f hJ 4? *ef@a*gre,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifxl;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;atmifx;l onf *ef@a*grd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (32587) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (75 05) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f hJ onf? tz OD;barmf/ trd a':cspjf rwk@d rS 1930 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (20) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hS G h OD;atmifx;l onf 0dZmbJ@G &&Sc+hJ yD; 1951 ckEprS 1957 ckEptxd uu (aiGpm&if;)/ 1960 jynfEprS d Sf Sf hSf 1982 ckEptxd *ef@a*g rdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ 1983 ckEprS 1989 Sf Sf ckEpf txd vufaxmufr@d e,f ynma&;r;/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfykH S hS Sf D kd umvwGif 0efxrf;or*~ OuUtjzpf wm0ef,conf? 1993 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (9) &ufae@wif pwifusi;f l hJ S D G yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd wufa&mufconf? OD;atmifx;l tm; trsK;d om;nDvmcHu,pm;vS,f hJ kd f pm&if;rS y,fzsuay;yg&ef trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf.wifjycsut& trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&; f kd f aumfr&SirS 1993 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (30) &ufae@wif OD;atmifx;l tm; trsK;d om;nDvmcHu,pm; f S D G kd f vS,pm&if;rS y,fzsuconf? 2004 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (26) &ufae@wif ESv;kH a&m*gjzifu,veonf? f f hJ S D G h G f Gf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 5? izJrde,frJqENe,f? OD;=unfvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfvionf izJrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0if Gf J G kd k f a&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (10807) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 54) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHchJ S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f &onf? rif;bl;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f &Si/f trd a':cifat;wd@k rS 1955 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (7) S D &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;=unfvionf rauG;aumvdyrS 0dZm (ordi;f ) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1979 G h Gf f k d hJ ckEprS 1982 ckEptxd rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m (aygi;f uav;/ yef;'ef;)/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ Sf Sf hS Sf jynfo@l 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyg0ifconf? ZeD; a': jraX;ESihf om;orD; (2) OD; xGe;f um;onf? kd f hJ izJrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (10) kd l hJ S f &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rSzrf;qD;I rauG;rd wyfr (88) twGi;f xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) G S h wGif xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&+y;D / 1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (26) &ufae@wif use;f rma&;raumif;ojzifh hJ S D G jyefvway;cJh onf? 2000 jynfEp/f arv (7) &ufae@wif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+yD;/ 2001 ckEp/f $ f hS G hJ S atmufwbmv (9) &ufae@wif o&uftusO;f axmifrjS yefvwonf? kd G G f 6? pvif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wmonf pvif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; J kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivr(28490)rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (7115) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S f hJ d f kH J k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? pvif;r@d e,f/ vif;Zif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;at;armif/ trd a':pef;=unfw@kd rS 1948 hJ ckEp/f ZGev (10) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wmonf 1972 ckEpwif &efue0ZmESioywuUovrS S f G h Sf G k f d hf d H` kd f odyb@GJ &&Sconf? 1972 ckEpwif apwkw&mrd e,f or0g,rwGif pm&if;ppfvyc+hJ y;D / 1975 ckEprpI H` d hJ Sf G kf SfS ud,yivyief; qefpuf/ qDpufvyconf? ZeD; a':at;at;rd;k ESihf om;orD; (3) OD; xGeum;onf? k f kd f k f k f hJ f 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? pvif;rd e,ftrsK;d om; hS Sf kd hJ 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1998 ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS acsmufrd&Sd kd G f hJ Sf G S xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD; xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? h hJ 7? pvif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;uHOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;uHO;D onf pvif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; J kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (28220) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 04) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;vS&/D trd a':cifEw@kd rS 1952 ckEp/f arv (11) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? pvif;rd hJ k S G h Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;uHO;D onf &efuepufrwuUovrS 1977 wGif tif*sie,m (v#yppfpr;f tm;) bJ@G kf _ kd f fD f G &&Sconf? ZD;jzLyif&m wJzuftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&m vkyconf? ZeD; a':0rf; d hJ G G f hJ =unfEihf orD;wOD;xGe;f um;onf? qifjzLu|e;f rd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpf S kd G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wm0ef,conf? 1998 ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS acsmufrd &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGif l hJ Sf G S h ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jzif;cHc&+y;D 2001 ckEp/f ZGev (28) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? hJ S f G G f 8? apwkwW&mre,frJqENe,f? OD;tHh=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;tH=h unfonf apwkw&mrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI J G kd f k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (9995) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 08) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f Hk k kf_ f cHc&onf? apwkw&mrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&mcse/f trd a':r,fwifw@kd rS 1938 ckEp/f Zlviv (31) hJ d S kd f &ufae@ wGiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;th=H unfonf 0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? ynmtky/f k;H pma&;/ rlvwef;jy/ rlvwef; f h d hJ ausmif;tky/f tv,fwef; jy/ wm0efctv,fwef;ausmif;tky/f txufwef;jy ponfjzihf tESpo;kH q,fr# H f ynma&;wm0efxrf;&Guconf? txufwef;jyausmif;q&mb0jzifh t+ir;f pm;,lconf? ZeD; a':wif f hJ d hJ =unfEihf om;orD; (5) OD; xGe;f um;onf? 1974 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd rde,fjynfo@l aumifp0if S Sf Sf D tjzpfaqmif&uconf? apwkw&mrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;r; wm0ef G f hJ kd G ,lconf? 1998 ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS acsmufrd &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGif ac:,l hJ Sf G S h zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jzif;cHc&+y;D use;f rma&;raumif;ojzifh aq;0g;ukor_c,Ei&ef jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; hJ H l kd f $ f kd f vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuc&onf? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1999 f f G f hJ D kH D kd JG f ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (17) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1441) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f S D G f $ f kd f tjzpfrEwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxu+f y;D aq;0g; Sk f G f h $ f kd f f f G ukor_c,aepOf uG,veconf? H l f G f hJ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1441) (1360 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 3 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 17 &uf) ? OD;tH=h unftm; rauG;wdi;f / apwkw&mre,f/ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS k W $ f J jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfa&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS $ f kd f f H Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rauG;wdi;f / apwkw&mrd D kH D kd JG G kd k W e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf $ f J $ f kd f f cHxm;&ol OD;tH=h unfu rdronf use;f rma&;tajctaeraumif;ygojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; d $ f kd f vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtavsmuf T f H f G fG aumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h ta=umif;t&m?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2? txufyg OD;tH=h unf.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' f f $ f yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;tH=h unftm; ,ae@rpI apwkw&mrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,frS f f hf S W $ f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvduf $ f kd f f H f G fG k a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 9? qifaygif0Jre,frJqENe,f? OD;[HaZmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;[HaZmfonf qifaygif rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (22637) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (61 23) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? qifaygi0J rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f a&$.om;jzpfonf? 1940 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (2) hJ f hS &ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;[efaZmfonf qifaygif0Jrdtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrifconf? 1963-64 ckEpwif &efuewuUovr0Zmwef;atmif+y;D 1965 ckEpwif Akvavmif; hJ Sf G kf kd f S d Sf G d f oifwef;tywfpOf (32)/ arSmfbDAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? wyfrawmfjyefwrf;0if t&m&Stjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1977 ckEpwif wyfrawmfrS t+idr;f pm;,lconf? rauG;wdi;f / d Sf G hJ k trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD OuUtjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwif kd k G f hJ S bmv (6) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D 2001 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ G S hJ S f wGif &Jrewyfrd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nf&yom) rS jyefvwonf? Gf hdf G f 10? qdyfjzLre,frJqENe,f? OD;pdk;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pkd;0if;onf qdyfjzLrde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivr (25100) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 89) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf jcif;cHc&onf? S d f hJ d f kH J k kf_ f hJ qdyjf zLrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifuav;/ trd a':a&$wifw@dk rS 1944 ckEp/f {+yv (4) &ufae@wif S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;pd;k 0if;onf rlvwef;ynmukd qdyjf zLtv,fyi;f q&mOD;cifausmif;wGif oif,c+hJ yD; h kd l tv,fwef;ESifhtxufwef;ukd qdyfjzLrdtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ xkdrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;udk acsmufrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifconf? &efue0ZmESioyH` wuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G &&SchJ onf? hJ k f d hf d kd f d &efuef rd wGif ukeonfvyief;jzifh toufarG;onf? k f kf 11? aqmre,frJqENe,f? OD;ausmfwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmwifonf aqmrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI f J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (18608) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (59 81) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f onf? tz OD;atmifausm.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckEp/f ZGev (16) &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? OD;ausmwif f S f G f onf rlvwef;rStxufwef;txd aw;aus;&Gm/ ausmufx/k rif;wyfEihf rE av;wd@k wif ynmoif=um; S W G cJonf? 1970 jynfEpwif rif;wyfrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef; atmifjrifconf? 1973h hSf G hJ 74 ckEpwif rauG; aumvdyrS 0dZm (yx0D)bJ@G &&Sconf? 1977 ckEpwif aqmrd e,fpm&if;H;k Y tvky0if Sf G f d hJ Sf G f cJonf? vrf;pOfygw0if/ wwd,ESipwkwt}urf rauG;wdi;f aumifp0if (tcseyi;f )/ 1988 ckEp/f Ed0ifbm h D hf d k D d f kd S k v (16) &ufae@wif 0efxrf;tjzpfrEwxuconf? aqmrde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfOuU G S _ f G f hJ kd tjzpf wm0ef,conf? l hJ 12? awmifwGif;}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;odrf;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odr;f =unfonf awmifwi;f }u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J G J kd csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (29363) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 37) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmuf jcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;atmifjrif/h trd a': jroef;wd@k rS 1951 ckEp/f pufwifbmv f hJ S (7) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;odr;f =unfonf 1981 ckEpwif Oya'bJ@G &&Sc+hJ y;D w&m;H;k csKyfa&Sae G h Sf G d tjzpfvuygaqmif&uonf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif yvkyonfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pD dk f G f S f G f kd tzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ k f f S f &ufpyg pmtrSwf 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ry JG kd k f awmhonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? etz rS 2004 ckEp/f $ f kd f h S arv (17) &ufae@wijf yefvnfusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd woD;yk*vtjzpf a&G;aumufywif G ~ JG G a&G;cs,cxm;&aom ud,pm;vS,rsm;tpktzG@J wif yg0ifwufa&mufc+hJ y;D / 2005 ckEpwif &efuewi;f / fH k f f G Sf G k f kd arSmbD rd e,f/ anmifEpyifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufywif a&G;cs,cH f Sf JG G f xm;&aom ud,pm;vS,rsm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,tjzpf qufvufyg0if wufa&mufchJ k f f ~ k f f onf? 13? awmifwGif;}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmoef;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmoef;Ekionf awmifwi;f }u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f df G J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (27436) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 02) k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? awmifwi;f }u;D rd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) f hJ G S D &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? OD;ode;f armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;Edionf 1976 ckEp/f 'DZifbmvwGif aq; G kf S wuUovf (2)/ r*Fvm'HrS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? q&m0efb0jzihf toufarG;onf? 1998 ckEp/f Zlviv kd k d hJ S kd f (14) &ufae@wif ppfaxmuf vSr;f a&;trSwf (15) rS rauG;rd / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa* G h [m) wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHchJ &onf? 1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (3) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf S D G $ f ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxucojzifh ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS jyefvway;cJonf? k f f f G f hJ S $ f h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1437) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wydkwGJvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 3 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;oef;Editm; rauG;wdi;f / awmifwi;f }uD;re,f/jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f kf k G $ f J trSwf (2) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf cHxm;&oltjzpfrEwxucihf yjcif;? Sk f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rauG;wdi;f / awmifwi;f D kH D kd JG G kd k G }u;D rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,f tjzpf $ f J $ f k f a&G;aumuf wifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;oef;Ediu rdom;pkuse;f rma&;tajctaersm;t& vnf;aumif;/ H kf pD;yGm;a&;tajctaersm;t&vnf;aumif; rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumuf d $ f kd f f wifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtavsmuf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJyg H f G fG f h onf? 2? txufyg OD;oef;Edi.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r kf f f $ f JG f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;oef;Editm; ,ae@rpI awmifwi;f }u;D rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f f hf kf S G $ f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxuf $ f kd f f H f G cGihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 14? xD;vif;re,frqENe,f? J OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmfaZmvif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmaZmvif;onf xD;vif;rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f J G kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (14495) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 19) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? tz OD;ausm!e@f / trd a':at;vSw@dk rS 1938 ckEp/f arv (24) &ufae@wif hJ f G S G arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmaZmvif;onf 1955 ckEpwif *ef@a*grd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif; h f Sf G rS (10) wef;atmifjrifconf? &efuewuUovwiqufvufynmoif=um;cJ&m odyb@GJ &&Sconf? 1965 hJ kf kd f G f h H` d hJ ckEprpI owif;pmq&mtjzpfvyuic+hJ y;D wzufwif ukeo,p;D yGm;a&;vkyief;rsm;vkyuiconf? SfS k f kd f G f G f f f kd f hJ OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmaZmvif;onf &efue-oefvsif wHwm;pDrue;f twGuf ysO;f rem;rd rS xkw,l f kf H d f xm;aomopfrsm;tm; pDrue;f od@k o,f,ay;&ef ud,pm;vS,tjzpfaqmif&uaepOf opfrsm;ray;oGi;f H d l k f f G f bJ wdr;f a&Smifaeojzifh jynfoyiypPn;f umuG,apmifa&Smufa&;Oya' yk'r 6 (1)/ jypfrqi&musix;kH l kd f f h f _ dk f hf Oya' yk'r (512) t& omauwrde,f w&m;H;k wGif w&m;pGqxm;+yD; w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unm f J kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f xm;cJonf? ,if;aemuf OD;apm0if;(c) OD;ausmaZmvif;onf 1963 ckEp/f trsm;ESioufqiaom h f S hf dk f ypPn;f umuG,f apmifa&Smufa&;Oya' yk'r (3) t& jypfrxif &Sm;pD&ifjcif; cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r h f _ JG f (11) (n) ESihf +ipe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif;ygwpkH 'Drua&pDtaxG axG dG f dk f f f D kd a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (958) f S G f jzifh a=unmcJonf? 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (7) &ufae@wif om,m0wDaxmifY uG,veconf? h S f G f G f hJ OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmfaZmvif; touf (61) ESpf (xD;vif;r) rauG;wdi;f / xD;vif;rdae (OD;ausm!e@f -a':at;vS) wd@k .om;/ ausmufyef;awmif;rdae k f G (OD;pd;k vS) - a':vSjrifw@kd . om;oruf/ &efuewi;f / tif;pdef rd e,f/ ayguawm&yfuu/f oH'if;pkvrf;/ h k f kd f G trSw(489)ae a':cifp;kd jrif.cspvpmaomcifye;f / udaZmfaZmfrif;-raX;aX;0if; (tif;pdetxnf puf)/ f h f SG G k f kH kJ udatmifatmifrif;/ udausmausmrif;/ r0if;0if;rif; (Sumiteam Co. Ltd.)/ (ud&rif;xGe;f )/ reDvmrif; k k f f (tif;pdetxnfpuf)/ rrsK;d rsK;d rif;wd@k . cspvpmaomaus;Zl;&SiarG;ozcif/ armif'+D ir;f vif; (txuf kH f SG f d 1/ tif;pdef)/ armif&ef+idrf;vif; (tru-44/ tif;pdef) wdk@.cspfvSpGmaom tbdk; OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmaZmvif;onf (7-8-98) &uf n (11 ; 30) em&Dwif om,m0wDrd/ jynfo@l aq;H}k uD;Y f G uG,veom;ygI 9-8-98 &ufwif om,m0wDrd Y o* [+f y;D pD;yga=umif;? f Gf G G usef&pfolrdom;pk 15? ewfarmufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;AdkvfaxG;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;AkvaxG;onf ewfarmufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; d f J kd ud,f pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (25806) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (7859)jzifh a&G;cs,f k S f hJ d f kH k kf _ wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ &onf? ewfarmufrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d atmif/ trd a': jrwk@kd rS 1926 ckEpwif Sf G arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;AkvaxG;onf tv,fwef;jyq&mjzpf atmifjrifconf? 1953 ckEprS 1957 ckEptxd h d f hJ Sf Sf tpd;k &rlvwef; ausmif;q&m}u;D rauG; (&Sm;yifv&m)/ 1957 ckEprS 1986 ckEptxd tv,fwef;jy/ SG Sf Sf tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (ewfarmuf)/ vrf;pOfygw0if/ rd e,fpmayvkyom; OuU/ 1350 jynfEpf D f hS (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif rd e,fem,utjzpf aqmif&uconf? ewfarmufrd Sf D kd G f hJ e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif em,utjzpfwm0ef,conf? 1998 ckEp/f Zlviv (20) &ufae@ kd G l hJ S kd f wGif ppfaxmufvr;f a&; trSwf (15) rS rauG;rd / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGif S h zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@wif use;f rma&;csKd wJojzifh hJ S G h ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rSjyefvway;cJonf? S $ f h 16? ewfarmufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;atmifjrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifjrifoe;f onf ewfarmufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf h d J kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (24168) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 55) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ewfarmufrd/ atmifqef;&yfZmwdjzpfonf? tz a&SaeOD;aeatmif (AkvcsKyf hJ d f atmifqef;. tuk)/ trd a':cifav;wk@d rS 1954 ckEp/f ZGev (13) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;atmif d S f G h jrifoe;f onf ewfarmufrd wGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonf txdynmoif=um;cJonf? awmifovyief; h d h l kf vkyuionf? ewfarmufrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 1998 ckEp/f f kd f kd l hJ S Zlviv (14) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&; trSwf (15) rS rauG;rd / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; kd f G S ({nfa*[m) wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&+y;D / 2001 ckEp/f ZGev (28) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? h hJ S f G G f OD;atmifjrifoe;f zrf;qD;cHae&pOf 1999 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (1) &ufae@wif ewfarmufrd Y jynfo@l h d S kd G v$wawmfu,pm;vS,EpO;D tm; vlwpk pk;kH I _wcsuef@uuatmf[pfyJG yvkyEia&;twGuf oufqif f kd f fSf f G f f kd f kd &m rd e,ftm%mydirsm;ESihf ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS =uH zG@H toif;0ifrsm;ESihf ynma&;XmerS q&m/ q&mr kf S rsm;udtoH;k csvsuf rday: Y twif;t=uyfvufrwa&;xd;k cdi;f jcif;yvkyc&m OD;atmifjrihoe;f .ZeD; k S f k f hJ f d ewfarmufrd e,f pm&if;H;k rS pm&if;ppfr; a':aX;atmiftm; vufrwa&;xd;k cdi;f onfukd jiif;qdcojzifh S f k k hJ ppfui;f wdi;f H;k od@k ajymif;a&$ypfcojzifh 1999 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@wif ajymif;a&$cJ&onf? kd k hJ S G h 17? yckuULre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwm=unfrif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwm=unfrif;onf yckuLU rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f J kd tm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (42684) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 17) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':zGm;usiw@dk rS 1958 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (24) &ufae@ hJ f S D wGif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwm=unfrif;onf 1965 ckEprS 1969 ckEptxd yckuLU rd tpd;k &rlvwef; h f Sf Sf ausmif; trSwf (11) wGif av;wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJI 1970 jynfEprS 1975 ckEptxd yckuLU rd h hSf Sf tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D q,fwef;atmifjrifconf? 1976 ckEprS hJ Sf 1982 ckEptxd oGm;bufqi&m aq;wuUov&efuewif qufvufynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D bD'tufpb@GJ Sf dk f kd f k f G D f &&SchJ onf? 1983 ckEprpI ud,yif oGm;aq;ukcef; zGixm;cJonf? 1998 ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS d SfS k f kd hf h Sf G S xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGiac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? ygwp'rua&pD taxG h f hJ D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 2000 jynfh ESp/f Ed0ifbmv (2) &ufae@wif a=unmcsuf trSwf JG f k G (1518) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? $ f kd f f f G f h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1518) (1362 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 7 &uf) (2000 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv 2 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? a'guwm=unfrif;tm; rauG;wdi;f / yckuLU re,f/ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f f k $ f J trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm; $ f kd f f H &oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif rauG;wdi;f / yckuLU rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f D kH D kd JG G k $ f trSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol a'guwm $ f kd f f H f =unfrif;u rdr.ud,a&;ud,wmudprsm;udk aqmif&uEia&;twGuf rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmf d k f k f P G f kd f d $ f udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyyg&ef ,if;.qENt avsmuf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg a'guwm=unfrif;.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyJG f f f $ f Oya' yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD a'guwm=unfrif;tm; ,ae@rpI yckuLU rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf f f hf f S $ f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS $ f kd f f H Ekwxucihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? f G fG k f trde@f t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 18? yckuULre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;v_difat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;v_iat;onf yckuLrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; df U J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (40782) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (69 69) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;tke;f armif/ trd a':vS!e@f w@kd rS 1942 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (17) hJ G S kd &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;v_iat;onf yckuLU rd / jrpfui;f ausmif;rS av;wef;atmifjrifc+hJ y;D yckuLU rd G h df kd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2) rS wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifconf? 1968 ckEpwif rE av; kd f hJ Sf G W wuUovrS odyb@GJ &&Sconf? 1969 ckEprS 1973 ckEptxd rdif rdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif kd f H` d hJ S f S f txufwef;jy/ 1973 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd yckuLU rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) wGif txuf Sf Sf wef;jy/ 1981 ckEprpI ud,yiqefta&mif;t0,fvyief;vkyuiconf? &yfuuEihf rd e,f vlra&; SfS k f kd f kf f kd f hJ G fS _ vkyief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&uconf? 1998 ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa* f G f hJ Sf G S h [m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? ygwpkH 'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; hJ D kd JG
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aumfr&SirS 2000 jynfEp/f Ed0ifbmv (2) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1519) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmf f hS k G f $ f ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? k f f f G f h jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1519) (1362 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 7 &uf) (2000 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv 2 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;vdiat;tm;rauG;wdi;f / yckuLU re,f/ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf _f k $ f J (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol $ f kd f f H tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif rauG;wdi;f / yckuLU rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f D kH D kd JG G k $ f trSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;vdif $ f kd f f H _ at;u rdrd.usef;rma&;tajctaea=umifh rdrdtm; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G; aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyyg&ef ,if;.qENtavsmuf Taumfr&Sifodk@ wifjycJygonf? h 2? txufyg OD;vdiat;.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'r _f f f $ f f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;vdiat;tm; ,ae@rpI yckuLU rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,ftrSwf f hf _f S $ f (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf y $ f kd f f H f G fG vdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 19? yGifhjzLre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmf&Sif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausm&ionf yGijhf zLrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f fSf J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19553) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 38) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ jcif;cHc&onf? yGijhf zLrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aomif;/ trd a':tkw@dk rS 1929 ckEp/f atmufwbmv hJ d S kd (28) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ausm&ionf 1974 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G Eihf 1977 G h fSf Sf G kf kd f S ckEpwif ynma&;wuUovrS ynma&;'Dyvkrm&&Sconf? 1953 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd rlvwef;jy Sf G kd f d d hJ Sf Sf ausmif;q&m/ tv,fwef;jy (tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ yGijhf zLrd )/ txufwef;jy (uke;f apmif;)/ vuf axmufynma&;r; (yGijhf zLrd )/ r@d e,fv;kH u|wf toH;k vH;k aus pmwwfajrmufa&;wGif acgi;f aqmifray; _ Homru ud,wiyg0ifoif=um;cJonf? yGijhf zLrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef k k f dk f h kd ,lchJ onf? 1998 ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS acsmufrd / xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGif ac:,l Sf G S h zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; hJ S f G $ f kd f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;y S $ f k f f kH $ f k f aumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif fl S f G h $ f kd f wOD;tygt0if jzpfonf? 20? yGifhjzLre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmatmifrdk;ndK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmatmifr;kd ndKonf yGijhf zLrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (22496) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 58) jzifh k f S f hJ d f kH k k kf _ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? yGijhf zLrdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;nKd/ trd a':+idr;f wk@d rS 1958 ckEp/f f hJ S 'DZifbmv (13) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmatmifr;kd nKdonf 1982 ckEpwif &efuef aq; G h f Sf G k wuUovf (1) rS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1984 ckEprpI ud,yiaq;ukocef;zGixm;cJonf? aq;ausmif; kd d hJ SfS k f kd f hf h om;b0wGif vkytm;ay;pm=unfwur; ESihf vrf;pOfvi,ftzG@J wiyg0ifconf? yGijhf zLrd e,f trsK;d om; f h dk f l Gf hJ 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf OD;aqmiftzJ@G 0ifwm0ef,conf? 1998 ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS acsmufrd/ kd l hJ Sf G S xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif; cHc&+y;D / 2001 ckEp/f Zlviv (13) h hJ S kd f &ufae@wijf yefvwonf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwD G G f S f G $ f k f ESihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuU $ f kd f f kH $ f kd f xHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0if dfl S f G h $ f kd f jzpfonf? 21? aygufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,ve) kd f Gf OD;cifarmif=unfonf ayguf rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17355) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (61 31) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc& onf? OD;az!Ge@f .om; jzpfonf? 1954 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (30) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ S D G ayguf rd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf 1974 ckEpwif q,fwef;atmifjrifcI 1979 ckEpwif Sf G hJ Sf G &efuewuUovrS odyb@GJ &&Sconf? 1988 ckEpwif 0efxrf;tjzpfrEwxuI ayguf rd e,f trsK;d om; kf dk f H` d hJ Sf G S_ f G f 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif OD;aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,conf? e0w rS 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbm kd G l hJ hS vwGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D bmom&yfoif ud,yioifwef;Oya' yk'r 20 (u) (c) udazmufzsuf hJ k f kd f f k usL;vGeonf[qum ,if;Oya' yk'r (23) t& axmif'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 1992 ckEp/f arv f k kd f S hJ S (27) &ufae@wif yckuLU axmifrjS yefvwonf? 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (19) &ufae@wif jynfo@l G G f S D G v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; f kd f f f D kH D kd JG aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? 2005 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (2) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? f h S D G f Gf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1007) (1353 ckESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 1 &uf) (1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 19 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ () ESihf +ipe;f aom OD;cif $ f JG f f dG armif=unfonf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrmufcH $ f kd f f xm;&oltjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyicihf r&Sawmha=umif;ESihf ,if;tm; jynfo@l kd f G d v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsuf f kd f f H vdua=umif; a=unmjcif;? k f 1? 1990 jynfEpf arv (27) &ufae@wif usi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY OD;cif hS G h D kH D kd JG armif=unfonf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rauG;wdi;f / ayguf rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f kd k $ f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&ygonf? $ f kd f f H hJ 2? OD;cifarmif=unftm; oufqi&mw&m;H;k u bmom&yfoif ud,yioifwef;Oya' yk'r 20 (u) kd f k f kd f f ESihf (c) wd@k ukd azmufzsuusL;vGeonftwGuf ,if;Oya'yk'r (23) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifcojzifh f f h f _ S hJ ,if;onf tusipm&dwW ysujf ym;r_qi&mjypfrj_ zifh jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&oljzpfa=umif; awG@&&yg hf kd f _ S dS onf? 3? od@k ygI OD;cifarmif=unfonf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ () ESihf +ipe;f $ f JG f f dG ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpf qufvuf&yf $ f kd f f H wnfyicihf r&Sawmha=umif;ESihf ,if;tm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwif kd f G d $ f kd f f ajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsuvua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? H f kd f 4? ,if;od@k jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfa&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsujf cif; $ f kd f f H $ f cH&aom OD;cifarmif=unf (trsK;d om;rSwywiftrSwf PAK-000918) onf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G; f kH aumufyJG Oya'yk'r 80-c t& ,ae@rpI 10 ESptwGi;f yvkyonfh a&G;aumufyrsm;wGif v$wawmf f S f f JG f ud,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf yg0if,Of yicir&Sa=umif;udvnf; a=unmtyfygonf? k f f S d f G hf d k trdef@t& at;armif (twGi;f a&;r;) 22? aygufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;atmifEdkifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifEiO;D onf ayguf rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; dk f J kd udk,fpm; yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (14310) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (56 23) jzifh a&G;cs,f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;bwif.om; jzpfonf? ayguf rd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEp/f ZGev (24) hJ S f &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;atmifEiO;D onf 1957 ckEprS 1965 ckEptxd ayguf rd tpd;k & txufwef; G dk f Sf Sf ausmif;wGif owWrwef;txd/ 1965 ckEprS 1968 ckEptxd yckuLU rd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif; trSwf Sf Sf (1) wGif (8) wef;rS (10) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1969 ckEpwif ayguf rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; Sf G rS (10)wef;atmifjrifconf? aumifpD pma&;0efxrf;tjzpf (2) ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmif+y;D tvkyrS xGuchJ hJ f f onf? '\eduaA't"du 0dZmbmomwGukd jyifyrS pwkwEptxdajzqkconf? 1974 ckEprpI J Sf d hJ SfS ukeonfvyief;vkyuiconf? kf kf f kd f hJ 23? rauG;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf rauG;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (36954) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (77 7) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;pdef/ trd a':cifarwkd@rS 1943 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ewfarmufrd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf 1961 ckESpfwGifrauG;rdtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) rS wuUokdvf 0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; 1966 ckESpfwGif rE Wav;wuUodkvfrS 0dZmbJG@&&SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf (=unf;) Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;/ arSmfbDodk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD; 1968 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif jyef w rf ; 0if t &m&S d 'k w d , Ak d v f / wyf r awmf w G i f Ak d v f } uD ; (cJ G r ; / Ad k v f r ; ) tqif h t xd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1984 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13) &ufae@wGif trSwf (15) ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS rauG;rd/ wyfr (88)&Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef; ({nfha*[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD; xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28) &ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf? 24? rauG;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;atmifpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifp;kd onf rauG;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (34012) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (72 5) jzifh a&G;cs,wif ajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? OD;wif.om;jzpfonf? 1934 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (7) &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? OD;atmifp;kd onf hJ S G 1945 ckEprS 1948 ckEptxd jrpfem;ompnf tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrif;uGe;f aus;&Gm tpd;k &txufwef; Sf Sf ausmif;wd@k wif ynmoif=um;cJI tv,fwef;atmifjrifconf? 1948 ckEprS 1951 ckEptxd a&eH G h hJ Sf Sf acsmif;rd tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;wGiynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D txufwef;atmifjrifconf? 1952 ckEprS f hJ Sf 1974 ckEptxd pmwkuEihf a=u;eef;pm&if;ppfXme vufaxmufaiGpm&if;0ef/ rif;bl;rd e,fpm&if;H;k Sf d fS pwkw!e=f um;a&;r;/ 1974 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd rd e,fO;D pD;r;tqifh (2) rd e,fpm&if;H;k / rauG;wki;f Sf Sf d pm&if;OD;pD;r;tjzpf wm0efxrf;&Guconf? 1996 ckEpwif if;aexdi&m rauG;rd/ jynfawmfom f hJ S f G kf wducef;/ trSwf (5c) rS twif;tusyz,f&m; cdi;f jcif;cHc&ojzifh z,f&m;ay;cJ&onf? 1998 ckEp/f k f f S k hJ S h S Zlviv (13) &ufae@wif trSwf (15) ppfaxmufvr;f a&; rS rauG;rd / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; kd f G S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ({nfa* [m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD; xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&+y;D 2001 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@wijf yefvwf h hJ S f G G onf? 25? ropfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;omatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omatmifonf rd opfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (13798) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 28) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc& onf? rd opfrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifaomif;/ trd a':tH;k &ifw@dk rS 1955 hJ ckEpwiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;omatmifonf q,fwef;txdoif=um;cJonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ Sf Gf h h hS Sf jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifconf? rdopfrde,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rde,f D kd hJ kd pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 1998 ckEp/f Zlviv (21) &ufae@wif trSwf (15) ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS l hJ S kd f G S rauG;rd/ wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&+yD; h hJ 2001 ckEp/f ZGev (28) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? S f G G f 26? ropfre,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)? J OD;cspfaxG;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspaxG;onf rd opfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (15647) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (69 82) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rd opfrd Zmwdjzpfonf? 13-7-65 zGm;/ tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':aygupwd@k rS hJ f 1965 ckEp/f Zlviv (13) &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;cspaxG;onf 1987 ckEpwif odyH` (lyaA') S kd f Gf h f Sf G bJ@G &&Sconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyg0ifconf? rd opfrd e,f d hJ hS Sf D kd f hJ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 1988 ckEpu rd opfrd e,f vrf;pOf kd l hJ Sf vli,fpnf;H;k a&;aumfrwDrS pm&Gupmwrf;rsm;/ pma&;ud&,mESihf toH;k taqmifrsm;tm; oydwtzG@J rS f d f rD;d_ zsuq;D cJonf[qum (8) ESpcef@=umrS tr_ zGiw&m;pGqI axmif'%fcsrwtjypfay;jcif;cHc& f h k kd f hf J kd S f hJ onf? 2001 ckEp/f =o*kwv (1) &ufae@wif o&ufaxmifrS jyefvwonf? S f G G f 27? rif;wkef;re,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f 0if;onf rif;wke;f rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI J G kd k f 0if a&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20241) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (6801) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f &onf? tz OD;OD;om/ trd a':wifw@dk rS 1929 ckEp/f {+yv (17) &ufae@ wGiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;xGe;f 0if;onf S D f h a&eHacsmif;rd wGif (9) wef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1953 ckEpwif ZeD; a':opfEihf rif;wke;f rd wGif h Sf G S tdraxmifusonf? "mwfyEipmyHEyvyief;rsm;jzihf toufarG;onf? 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv f kH S fh k dS f k f S kd (24) &ufae@rpI rif;wke;f rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1998 S kd G G f hJ ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? 2000 jynfEp/f {+yDv (7)&ufae@ Sf G S hJ hS
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f eHeuf(11)em&Dtcsewif rif;wke;f rd e,f &Jpcef;r;OD;xdeeef;ESi&om;rsm;u OD;xGe;f 0if;.aetdra&SwGif df G f hf J f OD;xGe;f 0if;.om; udvwfzixm;onfh AD',tacGim;qdio@kd 0ifa&muf&mazG=u+y;D / vdipifrEiijH cm;AD',kd k G hf D kd S kf S k f hJ kd f D tacGrsm;awG@&onf[qum rif;wke;f rd bk&m;}u;D 0if;Y touf (70) jynftjzpf Oyk'}f u;D 0ifaeonfh dS k kd h OD;xGe;f 0if;tm;oGm;a&mufzrf;qD;ac:aqmifvmcJ+h y;D / &Jpcef;wGicsKyxm;I OD;xGe;f 0if;tm; ppfaxmufvr;f f f S a&;rS tzG@J csKytzG@J 0iftjzpfEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,f pm;vS,tjzpfrEwxua=umif; vufrwa&;xd;k f S $ f kd f S_ f G f S f ay;&ef t"rR+cr;f ajcmuft=uyfuiconf? OD;xGe;f 0if;rS rdr,=kH unfcsuukd rpGe@f vwEia=umif;ajymqdI d kd f hJ d f $ f kd f k cdicirmrm&yfwnfcojzifh vdipifrA',acGvuf0,fxm;&Srj_ zifh tr_ziw&m;pGq+kd yD; axmif'%f (3) k f kd f hJ k f hJ D D kd d G hf J ESpcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 2001 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (9) &ufae@wif o&uftusO;f axmifrjS yefvwf f S hJ S kd G G onf? 28? rif;bl;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k jrifonf rif;bl;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; h J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (21324) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 81) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? 1946 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (3) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;!Ge@f .om; jzpfonf? OD;pd;k jrifonf hJ S G h 1968 ckEpwif rE av;0dZmESioywuUovf odyH` (owWaA') bJ@G &&Sconf? 1968 ckEprS 1974 ckEpf Sf G W hf d H` kd d hJ Sf S txd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m (qifjzLu|e;f rd / yGijhf zLrd )/ 1974 ckEprpI ukeonfvyief;vkyuichJ SfS f kf f kd f onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? rif;bl;rd e,fEihf hS Sf D kd hJ S rauG;wdi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd wif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv k kd G l hJ S wGif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS a':atmifqef;pk=unf. !$e=f um;csut& jynfo@l vwawmfac:,la&; axmuf S f $ f cH&ef pnf;H;k cJonf[qum om;ESpa,mufEitwl zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay: h k kd f S hf hJ hS pDrrtufOya' yk'r - 5 (n) jzifh tif;pdetusO;f axmifwif axmif'%f (14) ESpjf ypf'%f ay;jcif;cHc& H_ f f G hJ onf? 2005 ckEp/f Zlviv (6) &ufae@wif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? S kd f G f G f 29? rif;bl;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vSpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSp;kd onf rif;bl;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; J kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20719) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (84 72) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;pde/f trd a':ode;f wifw@dk rS 1934 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (20) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ S k G h OD;vSp;kd onf q,fwef;atmifonftxdynmoif=um;cJI 1951 ckEpwiwyfrawmfo@dk 0ifa&muf h S f Gf tr_xrf;cJonf? 1953 ckEprS 1962 ckEptxd Advavmif;oifwef;qif;+y;D 'kAvrS Adv}f u;D txd/ 1964 h Sf Sf k f dk f k ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd yxrywf au'goifwef;qif;/ rif;bl;cdif ygwpnf;H;k a&;r;/ a'gykH rd e,fygw,epf Sf Sf k D D l OuU/ ucsijf ynfe,fwi;f cJEihf a'o twGi;f a&;r;/ u,m;jynfe,fa'oygwaumfrwD OuU/ 1978 kd G S D ckEp/f Ek0ifbmvwGif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOf ygwtwGi;f jy\emjzpf&m atmifausmvif;ppfqifa&;jzifh S d kd S f D f a'oygwaumfrwD OuU (14) OD;tm; xde;f odr;f &mwGiyg0ifonf? 1980 jynfEp/f pufwifbmvwGif D f hS
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f xde;f odr;f xm;&mrS jyefvnfvwajrmufonf? 1980 jynfEpaemufyi;f ud,yip;D yGm;a&;vkyconf? G f hSf kd k f kd f f hJ 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif yvkyonfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . S f G f kd k f tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf 041pnf;(pnf;H;k )99 f S f JG jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpf kd k f $ f kd f a=umif;xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H z;d a&;aumifprS 2004 ckEp/f arv h kfH D S (17) &ufae@wijf yef vnfusi;f yonftrsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd woD;yk*vtjzpf a&G;aumufywif a&G;cs,cH G h ~ JG G f xm;&aom ud,pm;vS,rsm;tpktzG@J wif yg0ifwufa&mufc+hJ y;D / 2005 ckEpwif &efuewi;f / arSmbD rd k f f G Sf G k f kd f e,f/ anmifEpyifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufywif a&G;cs,cxm;& Sf JG G fH aom ud,pm;vS,rsm; tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,tjzpf qufvufyg0ifwufa&mufconf? k f f ~ k f f hJ tzG@J csKyfrxwy,fcc& +y;D aemuf etzowif;pmrsm;wGif vSp;kd (rif;bl;-2)[lonfh uavmiftrnf S k f H hJ jzifh tzG@J csKyftm; wducuonfh aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJonf? k f kd f h OD;cspwif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? f kd OD;cspwifonf rif;vSrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0if f J G kd k f a&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (21631) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (56 68) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f hJ o nf? tz OD;xGe;f wif/ trd a':puDw@kd rS 1945 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (3) &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? S Gf h OD;cspwifonf odyb@GJ / txufwef;a&SaeESihf rSwywifOya'bJ@G w@dk &onfh w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saejzpfonf? f H` f kH 1969 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m (o&uf/ rif;vS)/ 1979 ckESpfwGif emruse;f yifpif,conf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyg0ifconf? rif;vSrd l hJ hS Sf f hJ e,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfOuUtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;cspfwifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,frqEN e,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f J $ f kd f OD;bbGm;.aetdrwif yvkycaom v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;ESihf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@ f G f hJ f hS wGif rE av;taemufawmifrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf;kH wGif yvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k & zJ@G pnf; W kd f a&; v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; f hJ kd $ f kd f vS,rsm;zJ@G pnf;xm;aom Hard Core (6) OD;wGiyg0ifonf? 1990 jynfh ESp/f atmufwbmv (1) &uf f f kd ae@u rE av;-arrd um;vrf;ab; qefpuf0if;xJwif yvkyconfh e,fpyfwae&mod@k jynfo@l vwawmf W G f hJ $ f ud,pm;vS,f (20) od@k r[kwf (25) OD;cef@ oGm;a&muf+y;D ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;rnfv#Kd 0Sutpnf; ta0;od@k k f h f vnf; wufa&mufconf? ,if;a=umifh oufqi&muzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJonf? ,if;aemuf OD;cspwifonf hJ dk f h f jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (122) (1) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (11) (n) _ dk f f _ S JG f ESi+hf ipe;f ojzihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G; dG $ f kd f f S f D kH D kd aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyf JG f S G h G rnfa&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of ydiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f ZGev (29) &ufae@wif h JG S f G hf kd f hJ S f G tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? 1999 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (1) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS f G f S D G S &efuefrdwGif &Jrewyfpcef;&Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJ+h yD;/ 1999 k Gf h 30? rif;vSre,frqENe,f? J
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ckEp/f rwfv (29) &ufae@wif rauG;rd / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;od@k ajymif;a&$xde;f odr;f xm;cJonf? S G h 1999 ckEp/f Zlviv (30) &ufae@wif use;f rma&;a=umifh jyefvway;cJonf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) S kd f G $ f h S f &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&; twGuf G $ f kd f S $ f kd f f kH jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l v$wawmf $ f k f dfl S f G h f ud,pm;vS,f (43) OD; wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyrS 2005 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v k f kd f S D (16) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 006pnf;jzifh tzG@J csKytzG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwy,fchJ onf? 2006 ckEp/f JG f f S {+yv (1) &ufae@wif xki;f -jrefrme,fpyfwae&mok@d a&muf&onf? D G d dS 31? rifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifqef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifqef;jrifonf rif rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (30273) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (721) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? A[ef;rd e,fZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifv/S trd a':rr}u;D wk@d rS 1941 ckEpwif hJ Sf G arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;atmifqef;jrifonf A[ef;rd e,f/ *srm;&dyom/ jrLausmif;/ A[ef;tpd;k &txufwef; h h f ausmif;wk@d wif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1956 ckEprS 1960 jynfEptxd A[ef;tpd;k & G h Sf hSf txufwef;ausmif; or*~0if/ 1961 ckEp/f yjyifxe;f odr;f a&;avwyfpcef; t&yfom;atmufwef;pma&;/ S d 1965 ckEprS 1972 ckEpf txd vli,fwyfO;D ArmEkiiajray: tvHetzJ@G 0if/ vli,fwyfO;D (tvHe) Sf S h dfH D D wGiyg0ifrj_ zifh rqvtpd;k &u 1966 ckEprpI tif;pdeaxmifwif (4) ESp/f udu;kd u|e;f wGif (2) ESpf zrf; f SfS f G k qD;axmifcsxm;cJ+h y;D 1972 ckEpwif jyefvway;cJonf? 1973 ckEpf wGif rif rd e,fae a':pdea&$Eihf Sf G $ f h S d f S vufxyfI orD;wOD;xGe;f um;onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif hS Sf D kd &Gmopfaus;&Gmoydwacgi;f aqmif/ 1989 ckEpwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGJ csKyfzJG pnf;onftcg rif rd e,f f Sf G kd h d pnf;H;k a&;tzGJ 0ifjzpfvmcJonf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@u rE av;rd wGif yvkyf h hS W aom ,m,Dtpd;k &v#Kd 0Suz@GJ pnf;a&; tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcojzifh oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f f hJ dk f cJonf? xk@d aemuf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (112) (1) t& jypfr_ xif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' h _ dk f f S GJ yk'r (11) (n) ESihf +ipe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxG f dG f dk f S f D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (6) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf JG f S D G f (996) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of ydiciuvnf; h G f JG S f G hf kd ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f ZGev (29) &ufaewif axmifrjS yefvwonf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) f hJ S f G G f S f &ufae@wif jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&; G f kd f S $ f kd f f kH twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l $ f kd f fl S f G h v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? f kd f 32? rifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;jrifhatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifhatmifonf rdifrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ud,f pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (28340) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (72 08) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;odrf;armif/ trd a':cifoef;wdk@rS 1959 ckESpf/ arv (18) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;jrifatmifonf rdif rdtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) ESihf rdif rdtpd;k & txufwef; h h ausmif;trSwf (1) wd@k wif (10) wef; atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? q,fwef;atmifjrif+y;D G h aemuf yckuULa'oaumvdyfESihf &efukefrdwdk@wGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1984 ckESpfwGif ody`H ("mwkaA') bJ@G &&Sconf? d hJ 33? a&pure,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? J OD;armfeD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armfeonf a&pud rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f D J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (28381) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (64 4) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? OD;armfwif.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckEp/f arv (21) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? a&pudrd hJ S G Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;armfeonf 1968 ckEpwif a&pud rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS tajccHtxufwef; D Sf G atmifjrifI 1973 ckEpwif Oya'0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? 1976 ckEptxd &efuewif tvkyoifa&SaeESihf Sf G d hJ Sf kf G f a&Saevkyief; vkyuiconf? 1976 ckEprpI w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpf vduygaqmif&uconf? f f kd f hJ SfS k f G f hJ 34? a&pure,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? J OD;wifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifarmifonf a&pud rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (29316) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (64 23) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? a&pud rd e,f/ uHopfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pde/f trd a':oef;wifw@dk rS hJ 1945 ckEpwiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wifarmifonf 0dZm (Oya') ESihf Oya'0dZmbJ@G w@kd ukd &efue0ZmESihf Sf Gf h kfd odywuUovrS 1974 ckEpwif &&Sconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; awmfy}kH u;D H` dk f S f G d hJ hS Sf D kd wGif yg0ifconf? w&m;H;k csKya&Sae tjzpfvuygaqmif&utoufarG;onf? OD;wifarmifonf rdronf hJ f dk f G f d trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH kd k f f kd f f xm;&oljzpfa=umif;/ a&pudrde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftzJ@G 0iftcsK@d onf Oya'udav;pm; kd k vkuemr_r&SbJ rdrw@kd xif&mjrif&mudk a&;om;yrl ajymqdrrsm;&Saea=umif;/ aemufaemifwif Oya'ESihf d f d d k_ d G rnDaomyvkyrrsm;jzpfay:vmygu rdr.*k%oumESihf tzJ@G csKyf.*k%oum xdcuusqif;zG,&mrsm; f_ d f d Q f d Q dk f f jzpfay:EkiygI rdrtm;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS E_wxucihf yyg&ef aumfr&Sio@dk wifjyvmI df d f kd f f f G fG f aumfr&SiuE_wxucihf ya=umif; 1991 ckEp/f ZGev (4) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (931) jzifh f f G fG S f G f a=unmcJonf? h 35? a&eHacsmif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? ocif-cif!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? ocif-cif!e@f onf a&eHacsmif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf G J kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (24703) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 14) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? txufrif;vSrd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;jrwf}u;D / trd a':=uifrw@kd rS 1914 hJ H_ ckEp/f Zlviv (6) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? ocifcif!e@f onf 1931 ckEpu a&eHacsmif;rd wGif 'd@k Arm S kd f G h G Sf tpnf;tH;k udk pwifwnfaxmifI wGzuftwGi;f a&;r;wm0ef/ 1300 jynfta&;awmfykH tvkyorm; J h f acgi;f aqmif/ (axmif'%fwESpf uscc&onf?) tm&Svi,f OuU/ zufqpfawmfvea&; rd e,facgi;f H hJ l Sf aqmif/ armfue;f 0if&onf? xkra&eHacsmif;rd aps;or*~wnfaxmifo/l pme,fZif; uk,pm;vS,/f G d S d f urBm+h ir;f csr;f a&;uGe*&uf 'kw,OuU/ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH trsK;d om;nD!wa&;wyfaygi;f pk (yd f d kf G f r-n-w) acgi;f aqmif/ 1956 ckEpwif &efuefrd Y pmayavmu pmtkywuukd wnfaxmifonf? Sf G k f dk f 'k@d Armtpnf;tH;k orki;f ypka&;aumfrwD0if aqmf=oa&;r;/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'Drua&pD d hS Sf kd ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiwufupmyg0ifconf? vli,fn!wa&;wyfaygi;f pkwif em,utjzpfaqmif&uf f GG hJ D G f G G cJonf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) h S G S h wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJ+h y;D / 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (14) &ufae@wif touft&G,Eihf S G fS use;f rma&;t& jyefvway;cJonf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &uf ae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;y $ f h S f G $ f kd f aumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumf S $ f kd f f kH $ f kd f rwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD; fl S f G h $ f kd f tygt0ifjzpfonf? 36? a&eHacsmif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;cifausmf[ef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifausm[efonf a&eHacsmif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (23516) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 89) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? a&eHacsmif;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f [ef/ trd a':cify;H wk@d rS 1953 ckEp/f hJ S azazmf0g&v (23) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;cifausm[efonf a&eHacsmif;rd &Gmopftpk;d &rlvwef; D G h f ausmif;/ vnfay:tpk;d &tv,fwef;ausmif;ESitrSwf (1) tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS tajccHynm hf txufwef; atmifjrifcI wuUovf pmay;pm,loifwef;jzifh Oya'bG@J aemufq;kH ESptxd ynmoif=um; hJ dk f cJonf? 1972 ckEprS 1987 ckEptxd jrefrmha&eHaumfya&;&Si;f wGif 'k-ypPn;f xde;f (puf) tjzpf h S f S f kd wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1987 ckEpwif wm0efrt+idr;f pm;,lconf? 1974 ckEp/f a&eHacsmif;a&eHajr Sf G S hJ S tvkyorm;oydwwif wufupmyg0ifvy&m;cJonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD f f G GG _fS h hS Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}Hk u;D +y;D aemuf a&eHacsmif;rd wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf;kH udk pwifz@JG pnf;wnfaxmif kd &mwGiyg0ifc+hJ y;D rd e,ftvkytr_aqmiftzG@J OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEprS 1995 ckEptxd f f G f hJ Sf Sf o&uftusO;f axmifwif axmif'%f (3) ESpuscc&onf? 1998 ckEp/f Zlviv (14) &ufae@ wGif G f H hJ S kd f ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf (15) rS rauG;rd/ wyfr (88) &Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef; ({nfha*[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&+y;D / 2001 ckEp/f ZGev (28) &ufae@wijf yefvwonf? 2001 ckEp/f hJ S f G G f S =o*kwv (4) &ufae@wif xdi;f -jrefrme,fpyf vGwajrmufe,fajrod@k a&muf&onf? ,ck tar&duef f G k f dS jynfaxmifpwif aexkionf? k G df
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 37? o&ufre,frJqENe,f? OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf o&ufrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI J G kd f k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (34879) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 01) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? o&ufrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bopf/ trd a':wifwifw@dk rS 1930 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv hJ hS (11) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf 1963 ckEpwif 0dZm (ynma&;) ESihf 1970 jynfEpf G h Sf G hS wGif ynma&;0dZmbG@J w@dk &&Sconf? 1956 ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tv,f d hJ Sf Sf wef;ausmif;ESitxufwef;ausmif; ausmif;tky/f rd e,fynma&;r;/ 1979 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? hf Sf G d hJ 1350 jynfEp(1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wkuyaumfrwD0ifEihf rd jytkycsKyfa&; hSf Sf D kd d f JG S f tzJ@G em,utjzpf aqmif&uconf? o&ufrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUtjzpf wm0ef G f hJ kd ,lconf? hJ 38? atmifvHre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Ge@f vionf atmifvH rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; d_ f J kd ud,pm; yI0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17310) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (57 45) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? atmifvH rd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;xGe;f v_i.om;jzpfonf? 1939 ckEp/f 'DZifbm hJ df S v (6) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;!Ge@f vionf 1964 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? G d_ f Sf G kf kd f d hJ 1960-61 ckEpwif xD;wef; aumvdyf pnf;wm0efc/H 1961-62 ckEpwif &mrnaqmifo[m,ESihf Sf G Sf G pmzwftoif; OuU/ 1962 ckEpwif &efuewuUovf o&ufcdif ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;toif; Sf G kf dk k twGi;f a&;r;/ 1965 ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd ukeo,a&;pm&if;udi/f ausmif;q&m/ 1979 ckEpwif Sf Sf f G f k Sf G t+ir;f pm;,lconf? ,if;aemuf rSwywifOya' oifwef;wufconf? 1997 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (24) d hJ f kH hJ S D &ufae@wif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) jzifh G hJ hS H_ f w&m;pGqc&+y;D tvkyEiaxmif'%f (5) ESpf jypf'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 2001 ckEp/f Zlviv (18) J kd H f S hf S hJ S kd f &ufae@wif o&uftusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? rauG;wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J . bma&;r;jzpfol G G f k OD;!$ef@vd_iftm;cGifhycsufr&dSbJ aus;&Gmrsm;odk@uGif;qif;pnf;Hk;onf// ygwDpnf;kH;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk ajymifajymifwif;wif; aqmif&uonf// Ediiawmfvyief;aqmif&ucsursm;tay: rxDrjhJ rifyonf G f kfH k f G f f [laom pGypcsursm;jzifh 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya'yk'r 5 (n) jzifta&;,l+y;D axmif f JG f hS H_ f h '%f (5) ESpcsrwcjhJ cif; jzpfonf// 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; f S f S f G $ f kd f yaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm; yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif fl S f G h $ f kd f wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 39? atmifvHre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;odef;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f ZHonf atmifvH rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20717) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (61 79) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;wif.om; jzpfonf? atmifvH rd e,f/ 'k&*FAvaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? 1938 hJ dk f ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (15) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;ode;f ZHonf 1945 ckEprS 1956 ckEptxd uopfuefaus; S k G Sf Sf &Gm bke;f }uD;ausmif;/ anmifyifqyf tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ jynfrdtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ d atmifvH rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ESihf &efuef tvGwynmoifausmif;rsm;wGif txufwef; txd k f ynmoifc+hJ y;D / 1957-58 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS bDat-bDt,fvb@GJ &&Sconf? ukeo,a&;wGif Sf G kf dk f f d hJ f G f acwW0ifvy+f y;D 1968 ckEprpI txufwef;a&Sae (,m,D)/ tpd;k &a&Sae/ w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saeponfjzifh k SfS vkyuiconf? &efuewuUovf ae@ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;toif;/ o&ufcdiausmif;om;ausmif; f kd f hJ kf dk kf olrsm;toif;/ abm*aA'toif;/ awmifiaqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;wk@d wif OuUtjzpf aqmif l G &Guconf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1998 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (7) f hJ D kH D kd JG f S D &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1374) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; G f $ f kd f f f G f a=unmcJonf? 2005 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (20) &ufae@wif e,fajrcHtm%mydirsm;rS rrSeowif; h S kd G kf f ay;r_jzifh atmifvH rd e,fw&m;H;k wGif w&m;pGqjkd cif;cHxm;&onf? 2004 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (8) &ufae@wif J S G rauG;wdi;f / atmifvH rde,ftwGi;f tm%mydirsm;. t"rRvytm;ay;apcdi;f r_a=umifh atmifvH rd k kf kf k awmifbuf iysi;f &GmrS ud0if;vGif urf;yg;yd ajrydI aoqH;k cJ&onfukd ud0if;vGi.rdom;pkrS &efuef rd &Sd k h k f k ILO H;xHwi=f um;&mwGif ulnaqmif&uay;cJojzifh atmifvH rde,f tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0if udaZmfaX;/ k kd D G f h k OD;atmifoef;xGe;f wd@k Eitwl o&ufcdi&wyfz@JG r; OD;pde0if;rS w&m;vdk yvkyf w&m;pGqcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? S hf kfJ f J kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (9) rE Wav;wdkif;?
jrefrmEdiitv,fyi;f wGif wnf&onf? awmifbufwif yJc;l wdi;f / taemufbufwif rauG; kfH kd dS G k G wdi;f / ajrmufbufwif ppfui;f wdi;f ESihf ta&S bufwif &Sr;f jynfe,fw@kd wnf&onf? ajrmufvwWw'f k G kd k G dS D G (19) 'D*&D (20) rdepfEihf (23) 'D*&D (45) rdepftwGi;f / ta&Savmif*sw'f (94) 'D*&D (45) rdepfEihf (97) S D G S 'D*&D (00) rdepftwGi;f wGif wnf&onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (14294) us,0ef;onf? wdi;f rd awmfrm dS kf f k S rE av;rdjzpfonf? W rE av;wdi;f wGif rJqENe,f (56) e,fY Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (26) cktm; ud,pm;y ,SOf yif W k kfH D k f d ol v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (282) OD;/ woD;yk*v v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (15) OD;/ f kd f f ~ f kd f f pkpaygi;f (297) OD; 0ifa&muf,Of yic=hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (55) ae&mESihf woD;yk*v k S df kd ~ (1) ae&m toD;oD; a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? f 1? ausmufqnfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifausmfOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifausmO;D onf ausmufqnfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J f J kd csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (25415) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 63) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ausmufqnfrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmcif/ trd a':cifjrOD;wk@d rS f hJ f 1956 ckEp/f arv (25) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;atmifausmO;D onf 1980 jynfEpwif &efuepufr_ S G h f hSf G kf wuUovrS tif*sie,mbJ@G (csntxnf) &&Sconf? 1980 jynfEprS 1983 ckEptxd a&$awmif kd f fD f d hJ hSf Sf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (csnr#iEihf txnf) pufprue;f ESihf txnfpufkH (5) &efuef 0efxrf;/ 1984 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd f fS kH D H d k Sf Sf ud,yif armfawmf,mOfvyief;vkyuiconf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmf k f kd kf f kd f hJ Sf D kd yH}k u;D wGif yg0ifconf? hJ 2? ausmufqnfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ausmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausm0if;onf ausmufqnfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (22866) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (6648) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? ausmufqnfrd e,f/ ig;ajrmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&Se/f trd a':xGe;f =unf hJ d wk@d rS 1955 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (28) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ausm0if;onf 1979 ckEpwif rE av; S D G h f Sf G W 0dZmESihf odywuUovrS odyH` ("mwkaA') bJ@G &&Sconf? 1988 ckEpwif txufwef;a&Saepmar;yJG H` kd f d hJ Sf G atmifjrifonf? 1980 jynfEprS 1982 ckEptxd a&Saeynmqnf;yl;cJonf// 1982 ckEprS 1988 ckEpf hSf Sf h Sf S txd wGzuftxufwef;jy/ oH&mwJzuftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ 1982 ckEpwif a':cifjrESihf vufxyf J G G Sf G cJonf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? ausmufqnfrd e,f h Sf D kd hJ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? kd G l hJ 3? ausmufyef;awmif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;AdkvfZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;AdvZonf ausmufyef;awmif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf k f H J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (35320) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 87) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ausmufyef;awmif;rde,f/ ta&Stifwdkif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;baomf/ trd a':at;v_iw@dk rS 1937 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;AdvZH df S kd G h k f onf 1964 ckEpwif rE av;wuUovrS 0dZmbG@J &&Sconf? 1965 ckEpwif pcef;r;/ aumufyo;D ESH Sf G W kd f d hJ Sf G J t0,fpcef;(ausmufyef;awmif;rd )/ 1965 ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd XmecJrefae*sm/ rd e,fueo,a&; Sf Sf G kf G f (ausmufyef;awmif;/ yk*/H anmifO;D / aqm)/ 1972 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd qDpufvyief; (ausmufyef; Sf Sf kf awmif;)/ 1956 ckEpwif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiH trsK;d om;nD!wa&;wyfaygi;f pk/ 1965 ckEprS 1988 Sf G df G f Sf ckEptxd jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD t&efygw0if/ ykyg` ;awmifa*guo;D kutoif; OuU/ 1350 jynfh Sf kd S f D f d f (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif rd e,foydwwyfaygi;f pk 'kw,OuU/ ZeD; a':wifr Sf D kd f d ESihf om;orD; (5) OD;xGe;f um;onf? ausmufyef;awmif;rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;H;k kd a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,conf? ,ck rE av;wdi;f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf wdi;f pnf;H;k a&; l hJ W k kd k aumfrwDOuUtjzpf aqmif&uv#u&onf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; G f f dS S J vky=f uwucuowfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfym;t+y;D ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&+y;D 2004 H kd f kd f G S hJ ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (16) &ufae@wif trSwf (16) axmufvr;f a&;wyfrS jyefvwonf? S D G S G f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 4? ausmufyef;awmif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;aiGxe;f / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? G kd OD;aiGxe;f onf ausmufyef;awmif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J G J kd csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (35735) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (68 44) jzifh k f S f hJ k f kH k a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ausmufyef;awmif;rd e,f/ uifye;f c&mZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;omtd/ f hJ G HG trd a':at;wifw@kd rS 1937 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (15) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;aiGxe;f onf 0dZm S D G h G (ynma&;) ESihf ynma&;0dZmbJ@G w@dk &&Sconf? 1957 ckEprpI txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ ausmufyef; d hJ SfS awmif;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ 1973 ckEprpI tv,fwef;ausmif;tky/f txufwef; SfS ausmif;tky/f 1984 ckEprpI rd e,fynma&;r; ausmufyef;awmif;rd / 1988 ckEp/f rwfv (1) &ufae@ SfS S wGif H;k pma&;wOD; rSm;,Gi;f pGmypkaom 1987 ckEp/f tXrwef;ajzqkopm&if;ukd vufrwx;kd rdI vkyouf S d l S f f jynfyifpifay;jcif; cHc&onf? 1982 ckEpwif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfygw0if/ 1986 h hJ Sf G kd S f h D ckEpwif tajccHEiia&;oifwef;trSwpOf (53) qif;/ 1350 jynf(1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD S f G kd f H f h S f D kd ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifconf? ausmufyef;awmif;rde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rde,f hJ kd G pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? l hJ 5? pOfhulre,frJqENe,f? OD;apmaX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmaX;onf pOfhulrde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf ,SOf yic&m cdivrJ (26079) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65)jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f hJ tz OD;b'if/ trd a':Zifw@kd rS 1934 ckEp/f {+yv (7) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;apmaX;onf 1962 S D G h ckEpwif 0dZmbG@J (ynma&;) bG@J Eihf 1966 ckEpwif bDt;D 'Db@JG w@kd ukd &efueynma&;wuUovrS &&Sconf? Sf G S Sf G kf kd f d hJ 1957 ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd/ txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xd@k aemuf pOful rd e,f ynma&;r;tjzpf Sf Sf h wm0efxrf;&Guconf? 1972 ckEprS 1975 ckEptxd pOful rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;tkyf f hJ Sf Sf h tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1975 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd rE av; taemufajrmufrd e,f ynma&;r; G f hJ Sf Sf W tjzpf aqmif&uconf? rE av;wdi;f pnf; H;k a&;aumfrwD 'kw,OuUjzpfonf? 2003 ckEp/f Zlviv G f hJ W k d S kd f (19) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D 2004 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (16) &ufae@wif G S hJ S D G rE av;tusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? 2006 ckEp/f {+yDv (21)&ufae@wif tm%mykirsm;. zdtm;ay; W G f S G df r_a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf? 6? pOfhudkifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmpdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmpd;k jrifonf pOfuif rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f h h kd J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (18461) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (7492) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? wHwm;OD;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;a&$/ trd a':tke;f arwd@k rS 1946 ckEp/f hJ S Zlviv (12) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmpd;k jrifonf ausmufqnfrd / jynfv;kH Ekif tpd;k &txuf kd f G h f h d wef;ausmif;rS wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1972 ckEpwif rE av;aq;wuUovrS q&m0efb@GJ dk f Sf G W kd f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &&Sconf? arrd tajccsppfaq;Hk (1) wGif tvkyoifq&m0eftjzpf (1) ESpf xrf;aqmifconf? 1983 d hJ f hJ ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd ud,yiaq;cef;/ 1982 ckEpwif rde,f wki;f &if;jrefrmorm;awmfrsm;tzJ@G Sf Sf k f kd f Sf G d OuU/ 1971 ckEpwif a':EkEat;ESihf vufxyfconf? pOfuif rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif Sf G k hJ h dk kd G pnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpf wm0ef,conf? l hJ 7? pOfhudkifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmvSpdk;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmvSp;dk !Ge@f onf pOfuif rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f h kd J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (15458) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (69 07) jzifh k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rE av;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;[ef!e@f / trd a':cspcspw@dk rS 1957 f hJ W G f f ckEp/f pufwifbmv (11) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmvSp;dk !Ge@f onf 1983 ckEpwif rE av; S G h f Sf G W aq;wuUovrS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? ausmif;om;b0u vl&nfc|ef (e0rwef;) &onf? toH;k vH;k ESihf kd f d hJ vli,f vkytm;ay;wGiyg0ifconf? 1985 ckEpwif a'guwma':aX;0if;ESihf vufxyfconf? ud,yif f f hJ Sf G f hJ k f kd aq;cef;zGixm;onf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? hf Sf D kd hJ pOfuif rde,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) h kd kd G l hJ S &ufae@ nwGijf zpfysuconfh tm%mydirsm;ud,wif yg0ifywfouf pDpOfusL;vGeconfh 'Dy,if;aoG; f hJ kf k f kd f hJ J acsmif;pD; vky=f uHwucuowfjzwfr}_ uD;twGi;f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEitzG@J .,mOfwef;wGif yg0if kd f kd f S hf vduygc+hJ y;D / vky=f uowfjzwfwucuorsm;&efrS toufrao vGwajrmufvmcJonf? k f H kd f kd f l f h 8? anmifOD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;csdK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;csKdonf anmifOD;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud k , f p m;yI 0if a &muf , S O f yd i f c J h & m cd k i f v H k r J ( 29884)rJ / pk p k a ygif ; rJ & mcd k i f E _ e f ; (6911)jzif h a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? anmifO;D rdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ba&$/ trd a': jrtHw@kd rS 1921 f hJ k ckEpwiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;csKonf Oypm odytxufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJI ausmif;om;or*~/ Sf Gf h d H` h tm&Svi,fEihf a&eHajrtvkyorm;tpnf; tH;k wd@k wiyg0ifconf? ausmif;q&m/ axmufya&;ESihf l S f Gf hJ hH a&eHt&m&S/d ysoef;a&;vufaxmuf/ Advavmif; oifwef;qif;/ &JtzJ@G wif &JtzGJ@wGif 'k&Jtkyfb0rS H k f G r_cif;vufaxmuf &Jrif;}uD;tqifxd ESp(30)ausmf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1981 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm; h f hJ Sf G d ,lconf? ZeD; a':pde&ifEihf om;orD;(7)OD;xGe;f um;onf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD hJ f S Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif vHk ca&;ESiat;csr;f om,ma&; OuU/ anmifO;D rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf H hf kd pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD0ifwm0ef,conf? 2002 ckEp/f rwfv (8)&ufae@wif anmifO;D rd Y uG,veonf? l hJ S G f Gf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &Jausmfol &Jr; OD;csKd (+idrf;) touf (82) ESpf '*Hk rd e,f/ OD;0dpm&tdr&m/ wduf (30)/ tcef; (1) ae (a':pde&if) . cifye;f / OD;rsK;d jrif-(a':yduyuf f k f G h k f kd axG;) / 'kw,Advr; }u;D &Jjrif-a':cifoe;f &D/ OD;aZmf0if;-(a':cifaxG;)/ OD;ausmausmf ('k}u;D r;/ ysO;f rem; d k f h d f acsm o,f) -a':wifE@JG O;D (H;k csKyf pma&G;pmyd@k )/ 'kw,Advr; }u;D atmifarmfarmf-a':cifoef;EG@J / OD;jrifcid k f h kd f a':cifar csKd (Advr; jrifp;kd )-a':=uL=uLoef;wd@k . zcif/ ajr; (17) a,muf/ jrpfwa,mufw@kd . tbd;k k f h OD;csKdonf (8-3-2002) &ufwGif uG,fvGefygI (9-3-2002) &ufwGif anmifOD;rdokomefY rD;o* [+f y;D pD;yga=umif; &yfa0;/ &yfe;D aqGrsK;d rdwo*F[rsm;tm; today;tyfygonf? f usef&pfolrdom;pk 9? anmifOD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;azwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;azwifonf anmifO;D rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (27691) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (6812) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? ewWvif;rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;wif/ trd a':vSyw@kd rS 1927 ckEp/f Zlviv hJ k S kd f (27) &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;azwifonf owWrwef;atmifjrifcI 1942 ckEprS 1945 ckEpf txd Gf h hJ Sf S tajrmufwyfom;/ wyfpyr; / 1946 ckEpwif wyfrawmfo@kd 0ifa&mufconf? 1946 ckEprS 1958 ckEpf df Sf G hJ Sf S txd ,mOfjyif (1) 'kwyf=uyf tif*sie,m wyfrS y-t&mcHAvtxd/ 1958 ckEprS 1961 ckEptxd fD kd f Sf Sf vHk cHa&;wyfz@JG r; (uu)/ 1962-63 ckEpwif wyfa&;/ OuUevu tr&yl&/ twGi;f a&;r; ajr,m Sf G aumfrwD rE av;wki;f ESihf opfxwvya&;tzG@J / 1963 ckEprS 1965 ckEptxd wyfpr; / ppfa=umif;r;/ W d k f kf Sf Sf k cv&(11)/ 1965 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd rd e,fO;D pD;refae*sm ukeo,a&; (anmifO;D uGwci)/ 1974 Sf Sf f G f f kd f ckEprpI rm;om;wnf;ck&yomvkyief;&Si/f ZeD;a':EkEwifEihf om;orD; (4) OD; xGe;f um;onf? 1350 SfS ddf f k S jynf(1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yk*H rd / rd rd rd ztzG@J em,u/ rd e,f rsK;d cspf h Sf D kd &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G OuU/ anmifO;D rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;k;H a&;aumfrwD0if kd wm0ef,lcJhonf? 10? wHwm;OD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;at&m/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at&monf wHwm;OD;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (16686) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 9) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? wHwm;OD;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1921 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (1) &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? hJ S kd G ODz;kd 0ef.om; jzpfonf? ODat&monf A[daemfrausmif;rS txufwef;q&mjzpf ([di;f &m;*&dw) ESihf k H k f ausmif;xGuvufrw& pmar;yGuyg tvGwajzqdk atmifjrifconf? 1300 jynfEp/f ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif f S f J kd f hJ hS wHwm;OD;rde,fausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuU/ oydwacgi;f aqmif/ ajratmufawmfvea&; tcsejf ynfh f Sf d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tzJ@G 0if/ Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat)/ wHwm;OD;/ tkycsKyfa&;tzJ@G 0if/ ArmhumuG,a&; G f kd f f f wyfrawmf (bD'at)/ wyf&if; (1) wyfom;/ r*Fvm'HAvoifwef;ausmif; wwd,ywfAvoifwef;qif;/ D k kd f kd f wyf&if; (3)/ wyfcGJ (1)/ H;k tkyf (tvkyoifAv)/ *syefawmfvea&;wGif txufArmjynfwi;f wm0efjzifh f kdf f Sf dk wHwm;OD;rd wGivy&m;cJonf? z-q-y-v OuU AdvcsKyfatmifqef;. vHk ca&;wm0ef/ AdvcsKyfusq;kH f _fS h k f H k f +y;D aemuf rd e,fwif rlvwef;ESitv,fwef;jyq&mtjzpf t+ir;f pm;,lonftxd aqmif&uconf? G hf d G f hJ wHwm;OD;rd e,f rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G em,uESihf pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? fJ l hJ 11? wHwm;OD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;eD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;eDonf wHwm;OD;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (16432) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (63 42) jzifa&G;cs,f k f S f hJ d f Hk k kf_ h wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? wHwm;OD;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? 25-3-1931 ckEp/f rwfv (25) &ufae@zm; jzpf hJ S G onf? OD;om&Se;f .om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;eDonf 1964 ckEpwif 0dZm (ynma&;) bJ@G / 1968 ckEpf wGi0Zm Sf G S fd bG@J Eihf 1970 jynfEpwif ynma&;0dZmbG@J w@dk &&Sconf? 1954 ckEpwif tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ S hSf G d hJ Sf G 1958 ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ txufwef; ausmif;tky/f 1979 ckEpwif Sf Sf Sf G t+idr;f pm;,lconf? 1946 ckEp/f Ediiv;kH qki&mausmif;om;oydwwif wHwm;OD;ausmif;om;oydwf hJ S kfH df f G acgi;f aqmif/ Auorsm;tzJ@G csKyf nDvmcHu,pm;vS,tjzpfaqmif&uconf? wHwm;OD;rd e,f trsK;d kd f f G f hJ om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;r; wm0ef,conf? kd G l hJ 12? wyfukef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;0rf;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0rf;armifonf wyfue;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; k J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (25422) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 74) jziffh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? wyfue;f rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vS/ trd a':apmvSw@dk rS 1946 ckEp/f atmuf hJ k S wdbmv (23) &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;0rf;armifonf wyfue;f rd/ tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif; k Gf h k trSwf (1) wGif q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1967 ckEpwif a':wifoef;ESihf vufxyfconf? h Sf G hJ pduysK;d arG;jrLa&;vkyvsuf vlra&;/ bmoma&;toif;tzJ@G rsm;wGif OD;aqmif OD;&Guf ycJonf? 1350 k f f _ h jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif aus;&Gmtkypk (64) &Gmod@k vSnvnfI a[m Sf D kd f hf ajymaqG;aEG;cJonf? wyfue;f rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? h k kd G l hJ 13? wyfukef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;0if;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;v_ionf wyfue;f rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; df k J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (25894) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 31) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? uav;0rd e,f/ uav;0pDrue;f opfacsmif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1963 ckEp/f Ed0ifbm hJ H d S k
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f v (27) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;atmifxe;f .om; jzpfonf? OD;0if;v_ionf &efue0ZmESioyH` wuUovf G G df k f d hf d kd rS odyH` (lyaA') bJ@G &&ScI rSwywifOya'pmar;yGatmifjrifonf? 1989 ckEpwif tdraxmifycJonf? d hJ f kH J Sf G f h ukeonfwydi;f a&Saewyki;f toufarG;onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[k) wGif A[dvi,fvyief; f k d kd d k l kf tzJ@G 0ifEihf A[kO;D pD;tzJ@G 0if wm0ef,conf? OD;0if;v_ionf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. *ENcef;r S d l hJ df kd D qH;k jzwfcsutwdi;f e0wxHrS v$wawmfac:,lcir&v#if vkyaqmifoifonfenf;vrf;oH;k oG,f pmwrf; f k f G hf f h h udk tzG@rsm;cJIwkiyifaqG;aEG;a&;om;=u&mwGif vli,fA[dtzJ@G . tkypacgi;f aqmiftjzpf aqmif&uchJ J G df k fk G f onftwGuf oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif; cHc&onf? OD;0if;v_ionf 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay: h kd f hJ df hS pDrrtufOya' yk'r (5) (u) (c) (n) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cHc&I a&G;aumufyOya'yk'r (11) H_ f _ S hJ GJ f (n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (987) JG f S G f jzifh a=unmcJonf? aemif (10) ESptwGi;f yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifchJ h f f JG S d f G hf kd f onf? 1990 jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (24) &ufaewif ESp&naxmif'%ftjypfay;jcif; cHc&onf? hS kd G fS f hJ 14? awmifomre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cspfcdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspcif (aZ,sausmxif/ oD&yscspnfo) onf awmifomrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif f kd f d H D l J trsK;d om; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (30026) rJ/ pkpaygi;f kd k f S f hJ d f kH k rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 64) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1921 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (7) &ufae@zm; kf_ f hJ S k G jzpfonf? awmifomrd e,f/ oyGwpk aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;a&$O/ trd a':pdeOwd@k .om; jzpfonf? f f OD;cspcionf q,fwef;ausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;om;or*~acgi;f aqmif/ 1940 jynfEprS 1946 f dk f hSf ckEptxd Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bD/ tki/f at)/ ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD/ 'D/ at)/ rsK;d cspf Sf G f d f Armhwyfrawmf (yD/ AD/ tufz) wd@k wif yg0ifconf? ud,yitrSwf (=unf;) 3694 jzifh jyefwrf;0if f G hJ k f kd f t&m&Sjd zpf +y;D / 1946 ckEpwif oeu (2) Y pwifwm0efxrf;aqmifconf? oeu (5) wyfct&m&S/d Sf G hJ JG 1947 ckEpwif ppf0efxrf;wyf/ 1949 ckEpwif a'oE &Advr; wyfr; / 1950 jynfEpwif Adv}f uD; S f G S f G W k f h S f G k tqifo@kd w;kd jrijhf cif;cH&+y;D cv& (8) 'kw,wyfcr; / 1951 ckEpwif Advr; tqifo@kd wd;k jricef@tyfjcif;cH&+y;D h d JG Sf G k f h hf cv& (18) ,m,Dwyf&if;r;/ 1955 ckEpwif 'kw,Advr; }uD;tqifo@kd wd;k jrijhf cif;cH&+yD; wyf&if;r;/ Sf G d k f h 1957 ckEpwif wyfr[m (10) wyfr[mr;/ rycY ppfO;D pD;r; (yxrwef;)/ 1958 ckEpwif wyfr[m Sf G Sf G (10) wyfr[mr;/ csi;f oeu (4)/ 0ef}u;D csKyf;kH / 1960 jynfEpwif wducua&;ausmif;Y vufaxmuf h S f G k f kd f ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1958 ckEprS 1960 jynfEptxd ne=f um;a&;r;csKyf/ 1961 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (13) Sf hSf S &ufae@wif a&G;aumufyY bufvuconf[qum &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzG@J tpnf;ta0;rS wyfrawmf G JG kd f hJ k kd wGif ppfrxrf;jcif;rS &yfpconf? 1962 ckEp/f rwfv (20) &ufae@wif tvky0wW&m;rsm;udk jyefvnf _ J hJ S G f tyfEc+hJ y;D t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1958 ckEprS 1960 jynfEptxd !e=f um;a&;r;csKyf/ tvkyorm; 0ef}u;D HS d hJ Sf hSf f Xme (AdvcsKyf}u;D ae0if;. tdrapmiftpk;d &)/ Edii*%&nf (yxrqif)/ armfue;f 0if (yxrqif) &onf? k f f h k f hH k f h G h trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtwGi;f a&;r;ESihf rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[dtaxGaxGtwGi;f kd k fJ k a&;r; tjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1991 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (1) &ufaewif ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G; G f hJ S G D kH D kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS E_wxua=umif; a=unmcsutrSwf f f kd f f f G f f (963) jzifh a=unmcJonf? ,if;udpEiywfoufI taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf if;aqmif&uaeonfh h P S hf G f rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ rS rdrtzGJ tpnf;udk todray;bJEwxuonftwGuf OD;cspciukd rlt& fJ d _ f G f h f kd f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;tjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ tzGJ 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; xkwy,fconf? tvm;wl S S f hJ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrvnf; xkwy,fconf? e0w. trde@f trSwf (190) zDqefrj_ zifh zrf;qD; kd S f hJ xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D aemuf 1992 ckEp/f {+yv (26) &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? hJ S D G f G f 1993 ckEp/f Zlviv (18)&ufae@wif uG,veonf? S kd f G f Gf aZ,sausmfxifoD&dysHcsD/ pnfol (Edii*%&nfyxrqif) k f hH k f h (armfue;0ifyxrqif) Gf h OD;cspfcdkif (jrifhjcHawmifom) ('kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;/ t+idrf;pm;) (=unf;-3649) *syefacwfppfwuUodkvf/ tywfpOf (1) touf (72) ESpf awmifomrd e,f/ oyGwpaus;&Gmae OD;a&$O (uG,ve) - a':pdeOwd@k . om;}u;D / &efuef rd / fk f Gf f k trSwf 14 (*)/ uarBmZ&dyomae a': jrifjh rifh (jrif;jc) (uG,ve) . cifye;f / OD;rsK;d [de;f -a':0g0gatmif/ f H f Gf G a'guwm ode;f aZmf-a'guwmoef;oef;0if; (U.K.)/ a'guwmwifoe;f -a'guwmwifaX;armf/ Adv}f u;D f f f d f k atmifausmEif (t+ir;f pm;)-Adv}f u;D vJvcif (t+ir;f pm;)/ OD;vSbe;f -a':,k,0if;/ a'guwmEdiatmiff kd d k h hJ kd d k k f kf a':cifEi;f EG,/f OD;vGiarmif-a':cifv0if; wd@k . aus;Zl;&Sif arG;ozcif/ ajr; (12) a,mufw@kd . tbd;k jzpfol S f S OD;cspcionf 18-7-93 &ufae@ we*FaEGae@wif &efueaq;H}k uD;Y uG,veom;yga=umif; aqGrsK;d f kd f G kf f Gf G rdwo*F[rsm;tm; ta=umif;=um;odaptyfygonf? f usef&pfolrdom;pk 15? awmifomre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;xGe;f onf awmifomrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (30086) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 38) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1990 jynfEp/f ZGev (6) &ufae@wif hJ JG f hS f G a=unmcsutrSwf (609) jzifh rE av;wki;f / awmifomrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) f W d $ f rS a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif;/ jynfo@l vwawmf $ f dk f $ f a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (41)/ yk'r cGJ (8)ESitnD a=unmtyfygonf[k azmfjya=unmcJonf? 1922 JG f f hf h ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (10) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;zd;k rif;.om; jzpfonf? OD;oef;xGe;f onf 1937 ckEprS S D G Sf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1941 ckEptxd (10) wef;ausmif;om;/ jrif;jcausmif;om;or*~ tr_aqmif/ 1942 ckEprS 1946 ckEpf Sf H Sf S txd Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bD/ tki/f at) tkycsKya&;0if zufqpfawmfvea&; jrif;jccdiwm0efc/H G f d f f Sf H kf 1946 ckEprS 1953 ckEptxd jrif;jccdif z-q-y-v twGi;f a&;r;/ 1947 ckEprS 1958 ckEptxd Sf Sf H k Sf Sf wkdif;yjynfyv$wfawmftrwf/ ygvDreftrwf/ ygvDreftwGif;0ef/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd tvkyorm;tpnf;tH;k rsm;tzJ@G csKyf-ArmEdii(wD-,l-pD-bD) twGi;f a&;r;/ 1964 ckEpwif jrefrmh f kfH Sf G qd&,vpfvrf;pOfygw0if/ 1964 ckEprS 1975 ckEptxd ukeo,a&; (4) tzJ@G 0if/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD kS f D Sf Sf f G f kd tzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmif/ txufArmjynfpnf;H;k a&; wm0efc/H A[ktvkyorm;tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif k f d f wm0ef,conf? jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD tzG@J 0ifwOD;jzpfonf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) l hJ $ f kd f S &ufae@ 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vkyf=uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfyGm;pOf aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh zrf; qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cH&+y;D / 2003 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (23) &ufae@wif jyefvnfvwajrmufonf? S k G G f 16? EGm;xdk;}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;yef;om/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd OD;yef;omonf EGm;xk;d }u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (25034) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 42) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? EGm;xk;d }u;D rd e,f/ 0ufv;l aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vS&if/ trd a':vS}u;D wk@d rS hJ 1924 ckEp/f Zefe0g &Dv (31) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;yef;omonf rE av;zm;om;vzke;f ausmif;rS S G h W owWrwef;atmifjrifconf? 1941 ckEprS 1945 ckEptxd tm&Svi,f/ zufqpfawmfvea&;wGif hJ Sf Sf l Sf EGm;xd;k }u;D ajrmufbufjcrf; wm0efc/H 1946 ckEprS 1948 ckEptxd Armjynfuejf rLepfygwD rd e,fpnf;H;k Sf Sf G a&;tzG@J 0if/ 1948 ckEp/f rwfv (28) &ufae@wif rE av;axmifY zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? S G W hJ 1949 ckEpwif rE av;rd tm; u&ifoyeor;f onftcg axmifrjS yefvnfvwajrmufconf? 1951 Sf G W lkf d h G f hJ ckEprS 1953 ckEptxd Armjynfuejf rLepfygwD rd e,fOuU/ 1953 ckEpwif tvif;0ifconf? 1954 Sf Sf G Sf G hJ ckEpwif rd e,f z-q-y-v tzG@J 0if/ 1957 ckEpf rS 1963 ckEptxd rd e,f z-q-y-v OuU/ tvif; Sf G S Sf a&muf &Jabmfrsm; jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwD vl}u;D / 1963 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd Ediia&;rS Sf Sf kfH tem;,lconf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? hJ Sf D kd hJ 17? EGm;xdk;}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pde;f armifonf EGm;xk;d }u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (22303) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 43) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc& onf? EGm;xk;d }u;D rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f pde/f trd a':vS&ifw@kd rS 1930 jynfEp/f hJ hS rwfv (25) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;pde;f armifonf jrif;jcHrdtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;wGif G h wuUov0ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD; 1950 jynfEpwif wyfrawmfo@kd 0ifa&mufconf? 1950 kd f hSf G hJ jynfEpwif vu& (1) wGif ausmif;qif;+y;D A[dqufo,a&;/ arrd wm0ef/ 1965 ckEpwif Advoifwef; hSf G k G f Sf G k f trSwpOf (34) qif; wAu (2) ykyg` ;/ 1965 ckEprS 1968 ckEptxd xy& (222) a&$anmif/ 1980 jynfh f Sf Sf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ESprS 1984 ckEptxd xy& (525) armfvri/f 1987 ckEp/f Ek0ifbmvwGif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1350 f Sf d S d d hJ jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? EGm;xd;k }u;D rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drkd Sf D kd hJ ua&pDtzG@J csKyfEihf rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G w@kd wif wm0ef,conf? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG S fJ G l hJ D kH D kd a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1996 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1266) f S f G f jzifh jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? $ f k f f f G f h 18? ykor}f uD;re,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? d J OD;qef;!Gef@a0/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef;!Ge@f a0onf ykor}f u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16336) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 24) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ausmufyef;awmif;rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;apm/ trd a':apma&$w@dk rS 1952 hJ ckEp/f pufwifbmv (5) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;qef;!Ge@f a0onf rauG;aumvdywif lyaA' S G h f G yxrESptxd oif=um;cJonf// 1971 ckEpwif tvkyoifAvavmif; trSwpOf (1) od@k wufa&mufchJ f h Sf G f kd f f onf? 1973 ckEprS 1984 ckEptxd tvkyoifAvf cv& (1)/ 'kAvf cv& (6)/ Advf cv& (59)/ Advf Sf Sf f kd kd k k }u;D cv& (74)/ cv&(4)/ 1984 ckEpwif t&yfbufjypfr_ (307) (c)t& wyfrawmfrS t+rwrf; xkwjf ypf Sf G J '%fEihf tvky=f urf;jzifaxmif'%f (1) ESpuscc&onf? 1984 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd ykor}f u;D rd e,f/ S h f H hJ Sf Sf d a&xGuaus;&GmwGif opfvyief;vkyuiconf? rsK;d cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsmtzJ@G OuU/ wki;f pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J f kf f kd f hJ d 0if/ ykor}f u;D rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,f pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? d kd G f hJ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrEwxuc+hJ y;D etzowif;pmrsm;wGif qef;!Ge@f a0 (ykor}f uD;re,f f kd f f Sk f G f d a&G;cs,cu,pm;vS,Ewxu)[lonfh uavmiftrnfjzifh tzG@J csKyftm; wducuonfh aqmif;yg; f H kd f fk f G f k f kd f rsm; a&;om;cJonf? h 19? ykodrf}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? 'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;pHvSabmf (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 'kw,Advr; }u;D pHvabmf (t+ir;f pm;) onf ykor}f u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d d k f S d d J om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (13870) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ &mcdiEe;f kd f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ (57 76) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? 1928 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (20) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? f hJ S kd G armfvrif rd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;ausm&e.om; jzpfonf? 'kw,Advr; }u;D pHvabmf (t+ir;f pm;) onf d f dS f d k f S d 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfy/kH Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat)/ tm&Svi,f/ rsK;d cspArmhwyfrawmf G f kd f l f (yDAtufz) wk@d wiygconf? t*Fvy-jrefrm q,fwef;ta&muf 1947 ckEpwif wyfrawmfo@dk 0ifa&muf D f G f hJ df Sf G cJonf? 1952 ckEpwif Advavmif;oifwef;trSwpOf (7) od@k wufconf? xkrS 'kw,Adv/f Adv/f Adv}f u;D / h Sf G k f f hJ d d k k k Advr; / 'kw,Advr; }u;D txd wyfrawmfwitr_xrf;cJI 1985 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1350 jynfEpf k f d k f Gf h Sf G d hJ hS (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ rE av;wki;f pnf;H;k a&; aumfrwDOuU/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rE av;wki;f pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef W d kd W d ,lconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy/f rE av;wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J wm0efcH OD;pHvabmftm; 1996 ckEpf hJ kd W k S S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Ek0ifbmv (22) &ufae@nwGi/f rE av;-&efuef tjref&xm;ay:wGif t=urf;zuform;vl&rf;um; wd@k u d W k ypPnf;rsm;vk,uf+yD;/ OD;acgif;udkkdufESufcJh=uonf// ,if;tr_tm; oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;xH tr_ziwi=f um;cJaomfvnf;/ wpHw&mta&;,lrr&dcyg/ 2006 ckEp/f {+yDv (27) &ufae@wif tm%mykif G hf kd h k _ S hJ S G d rsm;. zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf? 20? ysOf;rem;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifhvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;wifvionf ysO;f rem;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h Gf J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (31681) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 5) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? ysO;f rem;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk}d u;D / trd a':cifjrwd@k rS 1945 ckEpwif hJ Sf G arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wifvif onf tajccHynmtxufwef;ukd (c) tqifjh zifh oH;k }urf atmifjrif+y;D aemuf h h G d ausmif;qufrwufyJ =uoumyGvyief;vkyuiconf? tm;upm;ESihf um,ynmenf;jy/ rd e,for0g H J kH k f f kd f hJ ,rvkyief;}uD;=uyfrEihf aps;E_e;f nEi;f a&;aumfrwD0if/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD f _S d d_ Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? ysO;f rem;rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef hJ kd G ,lconf? 12-6-1996 ckEp/f ZGev (12) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; hJ S f G D kH D kd JG aumfr&SirS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrEwxua=umif; a=unmcsutrSwf (1268) jzifh a=unmcJh f f kd f f S_ f G f f onf? 21? ysOf;rem;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmonf ysO;f rem;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (29995) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (61 38) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif; cHc&onf? ysO;f rem;rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;jzL/ trd apm&ifw@kd rS 1937 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (9) hJ S D &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ausmonf 1962 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? 1965 G h f Sf G kf kd f d hJ ckEpwif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwo@kd 0ifonf? 1965 ckEprS 1976 ckEptxd t&ef,epf aumfrwD0if Sf G kd S f D Sf Sf l vtu OuU/ v,form;aumifpEihf rde,for0g,r OuU/ xd@k aemuf pduysK;d arG;jrLa&; ud,yif DS k f k f kd vkyief;vkyuiconf? ysO;f rem;rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? f f kd f hJ kd G l hJ 22? aysmfbG,fre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmifndK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifnKd onf aysmb,f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; f G J kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (25272) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (56 07) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? aysmfbG,frde,f/ av#mfjzLukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1941 zGm;/ tz OD;aomif;az/ trd a':aomif;wifw@dk rS 1941 ckEp/f arv (2) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;cifarmifnKd S G h onf aysmb,f rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1960 jynfEpf f G h hS wGif a':oef;jrifEivufxyfconf? 1960 jynfEpwif pma&;/ rd e,f&ufuef;or0g,r/ 1961 ckEprS h S hf hJ hSf G Sf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1963 ckEptxd twGi;f a&;r; &ufuef;or/ rde,for0g,rESihf rde,fvufum;or/ ,if;aemuf Sf uk,yif pD;yGm;a&;vkyuiconf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif d f kd f kd f hJ Sf D kd yg0ifconf? aysmb,f rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;r;ESihf bma&;r;wm0ef hJ f G kd ,lconf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 2000 jynfEp/f =o*kwv (1) hJ D kH D kd JG f hS f &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1513) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; G f $ f kd f f f G f a=unmcJonf? h jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D kH D kd usi;ya&;aumfr&Sif f a=unmcsuftrSwf (1513) (1362 ckESpf/ 0gacgifvqef; 2 &uf) (2000 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv 1 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;cifarmifnKd tm; rE av;wdi;f / aysmb,f re,f/ jynfo@l vwawmf W k f G $ f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumuf $ f k f f wifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? H f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rE av;wdi;f / aysmb,f D kH D kd JG G kd W k f G rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G; $ f J $ f kd f f aumuf wifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;cifarmifnKd u rdronf yk*Kd~ vfp/JG tzG@J p/JG ygwpr&SbJ bmoma&;ESihf H d D JG d ukovjf zpf vlra&;vkyief;rsm;udom vkyuiaqmif&uv+kd y;D ygwEiia&;udk qufvufvyui&ef kd _ f k f kd f G f D kd f H k f kd f qENr&Sawmhojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol d d $ f kd f f H tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtavsmuf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f G fG f h 2? txufyg OD;cifarmifnKd .wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' f f $ f yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;cifarmifnKd tm; ,ae@rpI aysmb,f rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqEN f f hf S f G $ f e,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS $ f kd f f H Ekwxucihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? f G fG k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 23? aysmfbG,fre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;vSazonf aysmb,f rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f G J kd ud,pm;y I 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20527) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 87) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? aysmb,f rd e,f/ ZD;jzLuke;f &GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bd;k cif/ trd a':apmjrwd@k rS hJ f G 1949 ckEp/f ZGev (6) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;vSazonf 1969 ckEpwif aysmb,f rdtpd;k & S f G h Sf G f G txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI 1972 ckEpwif rE av;wuUovrS odyH` (lyaA') bJ@G &&SchJ hJ Sf G W kd f d onf? wuUovausmif;om;b0wGif rd e,ftoif;ESihf taqmifom,ma&;aumfrwDw@dk wif OD;aqmifchJ kd f G onf? rd e,ftwGi;f ausmif;q&mtjzpf (2) ESp/f or0efxrf;,m,D vkyui+f y;D aemuf a':cif0if;=unfEifh f dk S vufxyfconf? 1976 ckEprpI ud,yif enf;jyoifwef;zGionf? 1982 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd hJ SfS k f kd hf Sf Sf a&$jynf &efatmifor0g,rtoif; OuU/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif Sf D kd yg0ifconf? aysmb,f rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD wGbuftwGi;f hJ f G kd J a&;r; wm0ef,conf? pifyitpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&;/ awmwGi;f ,m,D tpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&;wk@d EiywfoufI 1990 l hJ df S hf jynfEp/f pufwifbmvESihf atmufwbmvwGif rE av;rd wGif v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;rsm;yvky&mwGif hS dk W f f yg0ifchJ onf? oufqi&mrS ta&;,l&efppOfaepOf a&Smifwr;f oGm;ojzifh w&m;cHajy;tjzpf A[ef;rd e,f kd f D d w&m;H;k rS 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (18) hS G h hS &ufae@wif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & pwifz@JG pnf;onftcg/ ynma&;/ use;f G kfH h rma&;ESihf jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif&uconf? xd@k twGuf aomif;use;f olEiquf G f hJ S hf oG,jf cif;/ aomif;use;f e,fajrrme,fyavmok@d oGm;a&muf+y;D pifyitpd;k &zG@J vsuf Ekiiawmfuaxmif df dfH kd xm;jcm;em;jcif;wk@d a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&oltjzpfrS ysujf y,fojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; H $ f dk f vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1990 jynfh f S f D kH D kd f ESp/f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (903) jzifh a=unmcJonf? 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbm G f h hS v (17) &ufae@pyg pmtrSwf - 745pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS tzG@J csKyfwi,l JG kd Gf xm;onfwm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; &yfqi;f cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pD h S kd h kd tzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfh ESp/f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@pyg pmtrSwf - 755pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om; JG 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf todtrSwf yxm;jcif;udk zsuor;f jcif;cHc&onf? kd f kd f f f d hJ 1991 ckEp/f {+yDv (25) &ufae@wif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyifqifw;kd csJ S G kfH zG@J pnf;onftcg jyef=um;a&;ESi,Ofaus;r_ 0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? jynf h hf hJ axmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J wif wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf xdi;f Edii/H befaumufrd Y kfH G k kf vky=f ucc&+y;D uG,veconf? H H hJ f G f hJ 24? jyifOD;vGifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSapmOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;vSapmOD;onf jyifO;D vGifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (11632) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (49 02) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? tz OD;ausmvatmif/ trd a':pHjrckiw@kd rS 1933 ckEpwif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ f S df Sf G h OD;vSapmOD;onf &efuewuUovrS odyb@GJ EiOya'0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;tkyf kf kd f H` S hf d hJ }uD; (rda[mif;/ [oFmw/ tif;pde)/ wGaw;rde,f w&m;ol}uD;/ ppfawG/ arrd/ armif;awme,fyif f H kd w&m;ol}u;D / &efueA[dw&m;H;k 'kw,vufaxmuf!e=f um;a&;r;/ arrd rd e,fw&m;ol}u;D tzJ@G OuU/ kf k d $
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f xd@k aemuf w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpf vkuygconf? 1996 ckEp/f ZGev (7) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pD d f hJ S f G D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; JG f $ f k f f f G f a=unmcsutrSwf (1262) jzifh a=unmcJonf? f h OD;vSapmOD; (66) ESpf w&m;H;csKyfa&Sae k (ajrmufOD;r) ajrmufO;D rd ae (OD;ausmvatmif-a':pHjrcdi) wd@k . om;}u;D / ppfawGrd ae (a':ode;f ar)/ (OD;pdef f S kf bOD;- a':aomif;ar) wd@k . om;oruf/ a':aomif;pde. cspvpmaomcifye;f / a'guwmausmapm/ f f SG G f f a':arrsK;d jrwf/ a':rdrci/f Advr; cifarmifcsKd / OD;atmifapm (zJu;d 0gpm;awmfquf)/ a': jrjrcdif (OD;owd;k Edi) d kd k f k kf (ZD0&wemaq;qdi)/ udEiapmwd@k . arG;ozcifaus;Zl;&Si/f ajr;&Spa,mufw@kd . tbd;k / a':eDep/H OD;ausmf k f k kd f f D xGe;f vS/ (Advr; omxGe;f atmif)/ a':pHEi;f omwd@k . tud}k u;D OD;vSapmOD;onf (29-6-98) &ufwif k f S G trSwf (155)/ ^m%fawm&yf/ jyifO;D vGif rd aetdrY uG,veygI (1-7-98) &uf rGe;f vGJ (1)em&Dwif f f Gf G aemifv;kH okomefo@kd yd@k aqmif *loi;f o* [ygrnf? G f usef&pfolrdom;pk 25? jyifOD;vGifre,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;yDwmvif;yif/ woD;yk*~v? OD;yDwmvif;yifonf jyifO;D vGif rd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif woD;yk*vtjzpf ta&G;cs,f ~ cHc&m cdivrJ (6943) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (38 44) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz hJ k f kH kk kf_ f hJ OD;vif;yifxywifvwf/ trd a':cifcifoe;f wd@k .om; jzpfonf? 1941 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (10) df d S kd &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? 1947-1962 ckEprsm;wGif pde@f z&efppf/ t*Fvyrufo'pfEihf rd r trsK;d om; G Sf df S ausmif;wd@k wif 1958 ckEp/f 'orwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D &efue0ZmESioywuUovf G S k f d hf d H` dk wGif EkdifiHa&;ody`HbmomwGJjzifh aemufqkH;ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? rdrtxufwef;ausmif;/ &efuef rdwGif ynmoif;=um;aepOf ausmif;om;or*~twGi;f a&;r;ESihf &efuecdiausmif;om;or*~/ k kf kf vrf;rawmf ud,pm;vS,tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1963 ckEp/f Zlviv (1) &ufae@rS 1989 ckEp/f k f f G f hJ S kd f S rwfv (25) &ufae@txd umuG,a&;0ef}u;D Xme/ aiGpm&if;0ef;kH wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ wyfrawmfe,fvnhf f S pm&if;ppf t&m&Stjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmif/ e,fvnpm&if;ppf/ wyfpm&if;udif (rE av;/ jyifO;vGi/f d S hf k W D tr&yl&/ jrpfi,f/ ausmufqnf/ &Sr;jynfe,fajrmufyi;/ &efue/f wef@,ef;/ ausmufjzL/ vdKG ifvif/ f kd f k aumhu&dwEi+hf rww@kd &dS wyf&if;/ wyfz@JG rsm;wm0ef)/ 1988 ckEp/f 'Drua&pDvxawmfvea&; ta&;awmfykH fS d f S kd l k Sf }uD;wGif jyifO;D vGif rdrdrdztzG@J twGi;f a&;r;/ =um;jzwftpd;k &zG@J pnf;ay;&ef awmif;qdconf? OD;Ek/ k hJ OD;atmif}u;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ ol&OD;wifO;D / Adv&efEi/f Advr; atmifw@kd EiawG@qI AG',wwf k f kd k f S hf kH D D kd d acGrsm;/ vufurf;pmapmifrsm;udk rE av;ausmif;om;rsm;xHo@kd vnf;aumif;/ q&m0eftoif;ESihf tjcm; W tzG@J tpnf;rsm;u vufqifurf;ay;vduonfh pm&Gupmwrf;rsm;ud/k rd e,ftzG@J tpnf;rsm;od@k vnf; h k f f aumif; jzef@a0cJonf? ,if;udpEiywfoufI 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (23) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEp/f h P S hf S S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@txd/ xde;f odr;f cHc&onf? 1989 ckEp/f rwfv (25) &uf ae@wif wm0efrS hJ S G t+idr;f pm;ay;jcif;cH&onf? 1989 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (17) &ufae@txd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ arrd wGif (21) OD; S k kd OD;aqmifaumfrwD/ (bma&;) vli,fwm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhI/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf udk,fpm;yv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf ,SOfydifta&G;cH&eftwGuf a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&Sio@kd av#mufxm;cJonf? od@k aomf 'Drua&pDEi+hf ir;f csr;f a&;tzG@J rS trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f h kd S d kd od@k u;l ajymif;vmonfh OD;cifarmifjriftm;/ jyifO;D vGif rd e,f rJqENe,f trSwf (2) twGuf v$wawmf h f ud,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf/ tzG@J csKyfA[drS a&G;cs,todtrSwf yvduojzifh tzG@J csKyfA[drS wm0efcH k f f k f k f k OD;=unfarmifxo@kd jyif;jyif;xefxef pma&;uef@uuc+hJ yD;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyfrEwxuI H G f kd Sk f G f woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf a&G;aumufy0ifconf? a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cH&+y;D aemufwif ~ k f f JG hJ f G tjcm;a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onfh rde,ftoD;oD;rStzGJ@csKyf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh qufo,y;l aygi;f aqmif&uconf? G f G f hJ a&G ; aumuf y G J w G i f , S O f yd i f z uf j zpf o nf h wd k i f ; &if ; om;pnf ; vH k ; nD ! G w f a &;ygwD r S v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vS,favmif; Adkvfr;}uD;armifarmif (t+idrf;pm;) rS a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$m wifoi;f cJojzif/h a&G; aumufyckH trSwf (3) wGif =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHc&onf? xdtawmtwGi;f G h JG hJ k OD;yDwmvif;yifonf pifydiftpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;wdk@ESifhywfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifh atmuf w d k b mvtwG i f ; rE W a v;rd Y v#Kd 0S u f t pnf ; ta0;rsm;yvk y f & mwG i f yg0if c J h o nf ? ,if;twGuoufqi&mu ta&;,l&ef pDpOfaepOf a&Smifwr;f oGm;ojzifh oufqi&mrS 1990 jynfEp/f f kd f d kd f hS 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wif w&m;cHajy; tjzpf a=unmcJonf? G h 1990 jynfEp/f Zefe0g&v (18) &ufae@wif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & hS D G kf pwifz@JG pnf;onftcg EdiijH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? od@k twGuf aomif; h kf hJ usef;olwdk@ESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ aomif;usef;ole,fajr rme,fyavmodk@oGm;a&muf+yD;/ EdkifiHawmfudk axmifxm;jcm;em;jcif;wd@k a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&oltjzpfrS ysujf y,fojzif/h v$wawmf f ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; a&G;aumufyaumfr&SirS 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@ k f f f JG f hS wGif a=unmcsutrSwf (903) jzifa=unmcJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEp/f f h h kd h S 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@ &ufpyg pm trSwf - 745pnf;90 jzifh woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,f JG ~ f kd f tjzpf 0ifa&mufta&G;cHconftwGuf tzG@J csKyrS xkwy,f+y;D jzpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? ZeD;rSm hJ h f f h a':pdepef jzpfonf? ,ck tar&duefjynfaxmifpwif aexkionf? fd k G df 26? rvd_ifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apma&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apma&$onf rv_ird e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f d J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (19595) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (59 58) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;0divifcsK.om; jzpfonf? 1936 ckEpzm; jzpfonf? OD;apma&$onf wef;jrifh hJ kf d SfG ausmif;xGupmar;yJatmifjrifconf? 1978 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd rd e,fjynfo@l aumifp0if/ pnfyif f G hJ Sf Sf D
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tm;um/ vlra&;ESibmoma&;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;wGif OD;pD;aqmif&uconf? rvdif rde,ftrsK;d om; _ hf G f hJ _ 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD0ifwm0ef,conf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG kd l hJ D kH D kd usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1998 ckEp/f 'DZif bmv (3) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1416) jzifh jynfo@l f S G f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif;a=unmcJonf? f kd f f f G f h jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1416) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvqef; 15 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 3 &uf) ? OD;apma&$tm; rE av;wdi;f rvdif re,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf W k _ $ f J (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol $ f kd f f H tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rE av;wdi;f rvdif rd e,f D kH D kd JG G kd W k _ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwif $ f J $ f kd f f ajrmufcxm;&ol OD;apma&$u rdronf use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmf H d d $ f udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyyg&ef ,if;.qEN tavsmuf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg OD;apma&$.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r f f $ f JG f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;apma&$tm; ,ae@rpI rvdif rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf f hf S _ $ f J (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf y $ f kd f f H f G fG vdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; 27? rv_difre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifjrifonf rv_if rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16468) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (56 04) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? arrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;boef;/ trd a':EG@J w@dk rS 1941 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (1) hJ S D &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;armifarmifjrifonf 1947 ckEprS 1949 ckEptxd arrd rpPatmhuzrv G h h Sf Sf dfl wef;uausmif;/ 1949 ckEprS 1958 ckEptxd pdetvAwft*Fvyf txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif tajccH d Sf Sf f J d G ta=umif;t&m?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifconf? 1958 ckEprS 1961 ckEptxd rE av; wuUovf kd f hJ Sf Sf W kd wGif wufa&mufI odyb@JG &&Sconf? ,if;aemuf cr& (109) wGif wyf=uyf}u;D pma&;tjzpf wm0ef H` d hJ xrf;aqmifaepOf aoewfusnqefxuI vlaor_jzifh jypf'%fuscc&onf? 1977 ckEpwif &rnf;oif; f G f H hJ Sf G axmifrvwonf? 1978 ckEprS 1981 ckEpf txd jynfo@l aumifp'w,oufwef;wGif rE av; ta&S S G f Sf S Dk d W ajrmufrde,f jynfo@l aumifp0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 1982 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd D hJ Sf Sf rE av;ta&Sajrmuf (31) vrf;wGif yrwef;rS wuUov0ifwef;txd t*FvypmusL&Sijf ycJonf? W kd f df h tdrwi;f pufrvufrvyiefvnf; vkyuiconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; f G _ _ kf f kd f hJ hS Sf D kd awmfy}kH uD;wGif ppfrxrf;a[mif;rsm;or*~uz@GJ pnf;OD;aqmifconf? ygwD pH'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G; _ kd hJ k D kd aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1999 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1488) JG f S G f jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrEwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,f $ f kd f f Sk f G f h f k f tjzpfrEwxuc+hJ y;D etzowif;pmrsm;wGif armifarmifjrifh (rvdif re,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ Sk f G f _ kd a&G;cs,cu,pm;vS,Ewxu)[lonfh uavmiftrnfjzifh tzG@J csKytm;wducuonfh aqmif;yg;rsm; f H kd f fk f G f f k f kd f a&;om;cJonf? h 28? rdk;ukwfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a':arESif;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':arESi;f =unfonf rd;k ukwf rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16439) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (72 06) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc& onf? tz OD;atmif!e@f / trd a':aX;wk@d rS 1948 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (14) &ufae@wif hJ G S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? a':arESi;f =unfonf rd;k ukwf rd tpd;k & txufwef; ausmif; rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI h hJ 1968 ckEpwif rE av;wuUovrS odyH` (lyaA') bG@J & &Sconf? 1969 ckEpwif OD;rd;k [de;f ESivufxyfc+hJ y;D Sf G W kd f d hJ Sf G hf om;orD;oH;k OD;xGe;f um;onf? 2003 ckEp/f Zlviv (10) &ufae@wif 'Dy,if;tjzpftysutm; pHprf; S kd f G J f k ppfaq;ay;&ef etz OuU xHpma&;awmif;qdconfuptwGuf ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS ac:,lppfaq;jcif; k hJ h d P S cHc&+y;D aemufwae@ Zlviv (11) &ufae@wif jyefvway;cJonf? 2003 ckEp/f Zlviv (17) &ufae@wif hJ kd f G $ f h S kd f G tif;pdefr_cif;wyfzGJ@rS aetdrfodk@vma&mufac:aqmif+yD; tif;pdeftusOf;axmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; xm;cJ&mrS 2003 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (9) &ufae@wif tif;pdeaxmifrS jyefvnfvwajrmufonf? h S k G f G f 29? rd;ukwf re,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? k J OD;bdkvSwifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bkvwifonf rk;d ukwf rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; d S h J dk ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16527) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (72 26) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rk;d ukwf rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pH&e/f trd a':tke;f wk@d rS 1957 ckEp/f 'Zifbmv hJ dS S D (23) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;bkvwifonf rd;k ukwf rd / usyjf yiftpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ urm&Gwf G h d S h rd e,f tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) wd@k wif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1981 ckEpwif &efuef G Sf G k pufrwuUovrS rd jytif*se,mbJ@G &&Sconf? 1984 ckEp/f azazmf0g&vrS 1985 ckEp/f Zlvivtxd _ kd f DD d hJ S D S kd f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ivkuacsmif;qnf wnfaqmufa&;vkyief;wGif vkyief;jyvufaxmuftif*se,m/ yHaovpm ,m,D d f f f DD k 0efxrf;/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufupmyg0ifcojzifh 1988 hS Sf D kd GG hJ ckEp/f =o*kwv (19) &uf ae@rS 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (24) &ufae@txd xde;f odr;f jcif; cHc&onf? S f S kd hJ ,if;aemuf trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0ifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4)&ufae@wGif rESi;f ESi;f a0ESivufxyfconf? rd;k ukwf rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD0if/ 0yfa&Smh hf hJ dk vkyief;vkyuiconf? pifyitpd;k & zG@J pnf;a&;/ awmwGi;f ,m,Dtpk;d &zJ@G pnf;a&;wf@kd EiywfoufI 1990 f f kd f hJ df S hf jynfEp/f pufwifbmvESihf atmufwbmvtwGi;f rE av;rd Y v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;rsm;yvky&mwGif hS kd W f f yg0ifconf? oufqi&muta&;,l&efppOfaepOf a&Smifwr;f oGm;ojzifh A[ef;rd e,fw&m;H;k Y w&m;pGJ hJ kd f D d qd+k y;D w&m;cHajy;tjzpf 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv hS G h hS (18) &ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpkd;&zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg aqmuf vkya&;0ef}u;D Xme/ owKwi;f ESipr;f tif0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0ef,conf? ,if;a=umifh aomif; f G hf G l hJ use;f olEihf qufo,jf cif;/ aomif;use;f e,fajrod@k om;a&muf+yD; Ediiawmfudk axmifxm;jcm;em;jcif; S G G kfH wdk@a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;oltjzpfrS ysufjy,fojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv f D kH D kd JG f hS (26) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (903) jzifh a=unmcJonf? 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (17) &uf ae@ G f h hS &ufpGJygpmtrSwf - 745pnf;90 jzifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS tzGJ@csKyfwGif ,lxm;onfh wm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; &yfqi;f cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy. 1990 S kd h kd f jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 755pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKy. hS JG kd f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpftodtrSwf yxm;jcif;udk zsuor;f cJonf? 1991 ckEp/f {+yv (25) &ufae@wif f kd f f f d h S D G jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyifqifw;kd csJ zG@J pnf;onftcg rlvwm0efuyif kf h kd qufvufwm0ef,conf? 1995 ckEp/f Zlviv (21) &ufae@wif qG'ifEii/H AGerm;pApfY trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f l hJ S kd f G D kd f f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onftcg bma&;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D jzpfvmcJonf? ,ck tar&duefjynf h h axmifpwif aexkionf? k G df 30? rwW&mre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmatmifa0/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmatmifa0onf rwW&mrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (27153) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 45) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? jrif;jcH rd / qDr;D cHZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odu/f trd a':zGm;csw@kd rS 1943 ckEp/f hJ k k D S atmufwbmv (14) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmatmifa0onf 1968 ckEpwif rE av;aq; kd G h f Sf G W wuUovrS q&m0efb@GJ &&SchJ onf? 1969 ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd rd e,fuse;f rma&; t&m&Sd ({&m0wD kd f d Sf Sf wdi;f / vyGwmrd )/ 1972 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd wm0efcq&m0ef (azmif}u;D 0efxrf;ausmif;)/ 1974 k W Sf Sf H ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd rd e,fq&m0ef (rif;jym;/ ykm;u|e;f / rwW&m)/ 1978 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd Sf Sf Sf Sf rde,faumifp0ifEihf tvkyorm;tpnf;tH;k 0if/ rde,f tm;um wnfaqmufa&; OuU/ 1350 D S f jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif rde,fuse;f rma&;0efxrf;rsm;. oydwf hS Sf D kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f acgi;f aqmif/ rwW&mrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;wm0ef,conf? 2002 ckEp/f kd l hJ S rwfv (7) &ufae@wif pifumylEiiYuG,veonf? G kd f H f Gf a'gufwmOD;atmifa0 touf (60) (rwW&m) jrif;jcHrde,f/ qDr;D cHae OD;odu-a':zGm;csw@kd .om;/ rE av;rd/ r[mrdi&yfae OD;uH!e@f k k f D W f G a':=unfcifw@kd . om;oruf/ rwW&mrd ae udrif;rif;OD;-rcdiE,a0/ udx%;f aeatmif-rcsKcsKv/S pdr;f EG,f k kfG f k G d d a0/ jrwfrsK;d EG,a0wd@k . arG;ozcif/ a':cifnKd .cspvpmaom cifye;f / a'guwmOD;atmifa0onf (7f f SG G f 3-2002) &uf jrefrmpHawmfcsef rGe;f vGJ (1 ; 28) em&Dwif pifumylEiiY uG,veygI (9-3-2002) d G kd f H f Gf &uf eHeuf (7 ; 30) em&Dwif pifumylEiiY o* [+f y;D pD;yga=umif; aqGrsK;d rdwo*F[rsm;tm; ta=umif; G kd f H f =um;tyfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 31? rwW&mre,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? J OD;oef;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;vGionf rwW&mrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,f f J kd f k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (23364) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (69 63) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1938 ckEpzm;jzpfonf? OD;pHaxG;.om; jzpfonf? OD;oef;vGionf pkuysK;d a&; hJ SfG f d f 'Dyvdrm&&Sconf? rlvwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf (10) ESp/f tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf (6)v/ k d hJ pduysK;d a&;t&m&Stjzpf (6) ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf rD;avmif&mwGif k f d hJ XmeydiaiG yg0ifq;kH Hom;ojzifh axmif'%fuscc&onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD kf _ G H hJ hS Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifconf? rwW&mrde,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUjzpfol OD;oef;vGif hJ kd tm; jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;a&;udta=umif;yI 1998 ckEp/f ZGev (26) &ufae@rS 2000 jynfEp/f $ f k S f hS Zef e0g&v (30) &ufae@txd ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS rw&m;zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJ+h y;D v$wawmfu,pm; D S f kd f vS,tjzpfEihf tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0iftjzpfrEwxu&ef t}ur}f urztm;ay;t=uyfuiconf? f S S_ f G f d dfd kd f hJ 32? rdxvmre,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? DW J Adkvfr;armifarmifjrifh (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) Advr; armifarmifjrifh (t+ir;f pm;) onf rdwvmrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; k f d D J 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (33664) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (59 11) jzifh kd f k f S d f hJ d f kH k a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;bwif/ trd a':wifw@dk rS 1929 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (22) f hJ S &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? &efukefrdZmwdjzpfonf? Adkvfr;armifarmifjrifh (t+idrf;pm;) onf rdr trsK;d om;ausmif;rSq,fwef; atmifjrifc+hJ y;D 1958 ckEpwif &efueaq;wuUovrS q&m0efb@JG &&SchJ Sf G kf kd f d onf? 1959 ckEprS 1963 ckEptxd aq;r;/ c&pf,mefaq;H/k =unfjh rifwi/f 1963 ckEpwif jynfo@l ppfr_ Sf Sf dk Sf G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f xrf;aq;r;/ 1964 ckEpwif wyfrawmfaq;wyf jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd (=unf;-3344)/ 1969 ckEpwif Sf G Sf G Advr; / 1980 jynfEpwif wyfrawmfrt+ir;f pm;,lconf? xd@k aemuf uk,yiaq;cef;zGiI rdwvmrd wGif k f hSf G S d hJ d f kd f hf D aexdionf? 2003 ckEp/f rwfv (22) &ufae@wif c&pfawmfYtdyaysmonf? kf S G f f c&pfawmfYtdyfaysmfjcif; a'gufwmarmifarmifjrifh touf (74) ESpf (Adkvfr;/ t+idrf;pm;) (rdwDvm) rdwvmrd / 0efZif;(1)/ OwW&vrf;ae a':ararat;. cifye;f / OD;armfxifjrif-a':pd;k pd;k atmif/ D G h OD;ausmfvif;-r*|dKif;at;rmjrifh/ OD;rsKd;xifjrifh-a':py,fOD;wdk@. arG;ozcif/ at;csrf;jrifh/ okudkvif;/ ZifZifrsK;d OD;/ Zifuvif;/ a';Apfa,moyf/ &JxufO;D / tufpwmwd@k . tbd;k onf txufygaetdrY (22kd f f 3-2003) &uf rGe;f vGJ (2) em&Dwif c&pfawmfYtdyaysmom;ygI (23-3-2003) &uf nae (4) em&Dwif G f f G G jrifawmfuef c&pf,mefocsK if;Y o* [rnfjzpfyga=umif;? f usef&pfolrdom;pk 33? rdwDvmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmodef;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmode;f vGionf rdwvmrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f f D J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (28913) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 09) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? rdwvmrdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;uH&if/ trd a':trmwd@k rS 1949 ckEp/f hJ D S arv (12) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmode;f vGionf 1979 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf (1) G h f f Sf G kd &efuerS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? rdwvmrd wGiu,yiaq;ukcef;zGionf? 1975 ckEpwif a':cs,&Eihf kf d hJ D f kd f kd f hf Sf G fDS vufxyfconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? 1998 hJ hS Sf D kd hJ ckEpwif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? a'guwmode;f vGi. Ediia&;v_y&m;r_rsm; Sf G S hJ f f kfH fS twGuf 2005 ckEp/f {+yv (26) &ufae@wif om;jzpfoarmifpnfotm; tm%mydirsm;rS vdipifrhJ S D G l l kf kf qdiu,fp;D r_jzifh axmif'%f (4) v jypf'%fcsrwconf? kf S f hJ 34? rE Wav;taemufawmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmpdk;vif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmpd;k vif;onf rE av;taemufawmifrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd f W J ua&pD tzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (26467) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (81 91) jzifh f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rE av;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;az/ trd a':tke;f pdew@dk rS 1953 f hJ W f ckESpf/ arv (1) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmpdk;vif;onf 1960 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd arrd pde@f ar&Dausmif;/ 1965 ckEprS 1968 ckEptxd rE av;rd tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (2) Sf Sf W
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wd@k wif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh onf? 1970 jynfEpwif rE av;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf G hSf G W (24) rS q,fwef;atmifjrifconf? 1971 ckEprS 1979 ckEpwif rE av;aq;wuUovo@kd wufa&mufI hJ Sf Sf G W kd f 1979 ckEpwiq&m0ef (trfbbtufp) bJ@G &&Sconf? ud,yiaq;ukocef; zGivpxm;onf? 1350 Sf Gf D D f d hJ k f kd f hf S f jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif q&m0eftoif; (rE av;) wGif wufupm hS Sf D kd W GG yg0ifconf? rE av;taemufawmifrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf hJ W kd wm0ef,conf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@wif tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) l hJ hS G J jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;. av;pk&yfuu/f &Sr;f a*gi;f &yf/ tr&yl&aetdrwif yvkyaom $ f dk f G f G f ,m,Dtpk;d &zJ@G pnf;a&; v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;ok@d wufa&mufcI wufuGpmOD;aqmifaqG;aEG;cJonf? f hJ G h ,if;tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufvmonfh wdi;f ESijhf ynfe,ftoD;oD;rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f k $ f dk f rsm; aexdipm;aomufom;vma&;ESihf ,if;tpnf;ta0; xajrmufatmifjrifa&;wk@d ukd OD;aqmifppOfchJ kf G D ojzifh oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? ,if;twGuf a'guwmpd;k vif;onf jypfrqi&mOya' dk f hJ f _ kd f yk'r (122) (1) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' (11) (n) ESihf +ipe;f ojzifh v$wawmf f _ S GJ dG f uk,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS d f f S f dk f D kH D kd f 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (988) jzifh a=unmcJonf? aemifyvkyrnfh S G f h f a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? 2003 ckEp/f rwfv (9) &ufae@wif a'guwm JG S d f G hf kd f hJ S G f pd;k vif;rSO;D aqmifI =uz@HG rsm;/ tm%mydirsm;ESippfaxmufvr;f a&;rS +cr;f ajcmuft=uyfuijf cif;/ tcGihf hH kf hf S d kd ta&;ay;jcif;ponfh enf;vrf;rsK;d pHjk zifac:,lxm;ol (400) cef@jzifh rE av;rd / qifjzLuef&dS uaemifcef;r h W wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm; tzG@J csKyfrS Ekwxuyvyaqmifcojzifh tm%mydirsm;xHrS kd f G f JG k f hJ kf q,fvvmzke;f / opfygrpf/ bdvyfajrygrpf/ bD,ma&mif;csciygrpfrsm; &&Sconf? 2004 ckEp/f ZGevwGif l G hf d hJ S f ykor}f u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;pHvabmf (rE av;wdi;f tzG@J csKyf d J $ f kd f S W k OuUa[mif;) .aetdro@kd oGm;a&muf+yD; Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@J zd;a&;aumifprS 2006 f kfH D ckEpxwif trsK;d om;nDvmcHut+y;D owfI a&G;aumufytopfusi;f yrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1990 jynfEp/f Sf J G kd JG hS a&G;aumufy&v'frm ysujf y,fom;+yjD zpfI tzG@J csKyfrS uwifEwxuoifa=umif;/ xdo@kd Ekwxurnf JG S G d k f G f h k f G f qdygu ,if;uJo@kd cpm;cGirsm;&rSmjzpfa=umif; ajymqdpnf;H;k cJonftjyif v,fa0;rde,frqENe,frS k h H hf k h h J jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;wifxO;D rSm 2004 ckEp/f ZGev (21) &ufae@u E_wxupmwif+y;D $ f kd f Gf S f f G f jzpfa=umif; vdrvnfpnf;H;k cJonf? ZeD;rSm a':xdywifE,f (A[dw&m;H;k a&Sae) jzpfonf? f h f G k 35? rE Wav;taemufawmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;odef;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f OD;onf rE av;taemufawmifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD W J kd tzG@J csKyf tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (29741) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (80 36) k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wif ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rE av;rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':vSriw@dk rS f hJ W df 1955 ckEp/f arv (24) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ode;f OD;onf &efue0ZmESioywuUovrS 0dZm S G h k f d hf d H` kd f (Oya') bG@J Eihf Oya'0dZmbJ@G w@dk ukd 1977-78 ckEpwi&&Sconf? 1980 jynfEpwif txufwef;a&Sae/ S S f G f d hJ hSf G 1981 ckEpwif A[dw&m;H;k a&Sae/ wuUovausmif;om;b0wGif 1974 ckEp/f OD;oef@ta&;tcif;/ Sf G k kd f S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1975 ckEp/f ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;ESihf 1976 ckEp/f r_i;f &mjynfta&;tcif;wk@d wif yg0ifconf? 1350 S S d h G hJ jynfEp(1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif a&Saersm;toif;wGif wufwufuG uG yg0ifchJ hSf Sf D kd onf? rE av;taemufawmifrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef W kd ,lconf? OD;ode;f OD;onf pifyitpk;d &zG@pnf;a&;/ awmwGi;f ,m,Dtpk;d &zJ@G pnf;a&;wk@d EiywfoufI 1990 hJ df J S hf jynfEp/f pufwifbmvESiatmufwbmvtwGi;f rE av;rd Y v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;yvky&mwGif yg0ifchJ hS hf dk W f f onf? oufqdkif&muta&;,lI&efpDpOfaepOf a&Smifwdrf;oGm;I w&m;cHajy;tjzpf 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbm G h kd hS v (17) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 745pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS tzG@J csKyfwif JG kd G ,lxm;onfwm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; &yfqi;f cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pD h S kd h kd tzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 755pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drkd hS JG ua&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf todtrSwf yxm;jcif;udk zsuor;f cJonf? 1990 jynfh f kd f f f d h ESp/f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & pwifz@JG pnf;onftcg/ G kfH h w&m;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf aqmif&uconf? aomif;use;f olEiqufo,jf cif;/ aomif;use;f ol G f hJ S hf G e,fajr rme,fyavmok@d om;a&muf+y;D pifyitpk;d &zG@J pnf;vsuf Ekiiawmfuaxmifxm;jcm;em;jcif;wd@k G df dfH dk a=umifh OD;ode;f OD;tm; a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&oltjzpfrS ysujf y,fojzifh v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,f H f k f tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1990 jynfEp/f S f D kH D kd JG f hS 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (903) jzifh a=unmcJonf? jrefrmEdiia&Saersm; aumifpD G f h kfH wGif OuUtjzpf aqmif&uonf? 2004 ckEp/f rwfv (23) &ufae@ tar&duefEii/H 0g&iwefrd awmfwif G f S kd f Sf G jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onftcsetxd 0ef}uD;wm0ef kfH h df xrf;aqmifconf? hJ 36? rE Wav;taemufajrmufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifatmifatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifatmifatmifonf rE av;taemufajrmufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; W J 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (29443) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ (80 38) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1943 ckEp/f ZGev (23) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? f hJ S f G OD;vS&if.om; jzpfonf? OD;wifatmifatmifonf &efuepufrwuUovrS B.E. (Automobile) bJ@G &&SchJ kf _ kd f d onf? 1969 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd uke;f vrf;yd@k aqmifa&;aumfya&;&Si;f / vufaxmuftif*sie,m/ Sf Sf kd fD tr_aqmiftif*sie,m/ 1988 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (7) &ufae@wit+idr;f pm;,lconf? 1350 jynfEpf fD S k Gf hJ hS (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? OD;wifatmifatmifonf 1990 jynfEp/f Sf D kd hJ hS pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f $ f dk f OD;bbGm;.aetdrwiusi;f yyvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&;v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&muf f Gf f f yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJojzifh oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;wifatmifatmiftm; h kd f hJ jypfrqi&mOya'yk'r (122) (1) t& jypf'%fp&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'r (11) (n) ESihf _ kd f f D f +idpe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG G f dk f f S f D kH D kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (991) jzifh xkwjf yef f S G f a=unmcJonf? 1990 jynfEp/f Ed0ifbmvwGif axmif'%f (25) ESpf tjypfay;jcif;cHc&onf? 2003 h hS k hJ ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@nwGif jzpfysuconfh tm%mydirsm;ud,wif yg0ifywfouf pDpOfusL;vGeconfh S f hJ kf k f kd f hJ 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uwucuowfjzwfr}_ u;D twGi;f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHc&+y;D 2004 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v J H kd f kd f hJ S D (16) &ufae@wif uav;tusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? G G f 37? rE Wav;taemufajrmufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;atmifpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;atmifp;kd onf rE av;taemufajrmufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD W J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (23576) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 91) k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rE av;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bausm/h trd a':apma&$w@dk rS f hJ W 29-5-1949 ckEp/f arv (29) &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;atmifp;dk onf 1975 ckEpwif rE av; S Gf h Sf G W 0dZmESioywuUovrS odyH` (lyaA') bJ@G &&Sconf? OD;atmifp;kd onf 1976 ckEpwif a':0if;ESivufxyfI hf d H` kd f d hJ Sf G hf orD;oH;k a,mufxe;f um;onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif G hS Sf D kd yg0ifconf? ud,yip;D yGm;a&;vkyuionf? hJ k f kd f f kd f 38? rE Wav;ta&Sawmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wif!Gef@ (c) OD;xifausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? trnf OD;xifausmf tjcm;trnf OD;wif!e@f (i,femrnf) G MTLA 000851 trsK;d om;rSwywiftrSwf f kH ynmt&nftcsif; B.A. (Hons.) 0dZm*k%fxl;/ EdkifiHa&;ody`H a'vDwuUodkvf/ e,l;a'vDrd/ tdENd,EdkifiH? M.A. (Political Science) r[m0dZm (Ediia&;ody) kfH H` a'vDwuUov/f e,l;a'vDrd/ tdE,Edii? kd dN k f H tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftrSwf (2440256) arG;ouU&mZf 1937 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (5) &uf OD;wif!e@f (c) OD;xifausmonf rE av;ta&Sawmifrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d G f W J om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (29642) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ (80 30) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':at;u,w@kd rS 1937 ckEp/f f hJ G f S Ed0ifbmv (5) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? 1956 ckEpwif rdwvmrd rS wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifchJ k G h Sf G D kd f onf? xdpOfu tdE,Edii/H e,l;a'vDrd &Sd jrefrmoH;kH wGif H;k tky}f u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh k dN k f a,mufz OD;0if;armif/ tr a':cifoef;wd@k xa&muf&c+hJ y;D a'vDwuUovwif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh H dS kd f G onf? 1959 ckEpwif OD;0if;armif/ a':cifoef;wd@k rom;pk jrefrmEdiio@kd jyefom;onftcg tdE,toH Sf G d kfH G h dN v$iXme/ jrefrmydi;f tpDtpOfwif bmomjyefo/l toHviowif;zwfotjzpf tr_xrf;&if; ynmquf hf k G $ hf l
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f vufoif=um;cJonf? 1969 ckEpwif 0dZm*k%x;l bG@J ukd Ediia&;odyynm/ pD;yGm;a&;ynm/ jynfo@l tycsKyf h Sf G f kfH H` kf a&;ynmwd@k jzifh atmifjrifconf? 1972 ckEpwif r[m0dZmbG@J ukd EdiiwumzG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccH hJ Sf G kfH f kH Oya'rsm;ESihf trsm;jynfoqi&m Ediiwumw&m;Oya'bmom&yfrsm;tjyif EdiiwumEdiia&;ynm/ l kd f k f H kfH kfH Ediiwumqufqa&;ynm/ Ediiwumtpnf;tH;k rsm;ynm&yfw@kd jzifh atmifjrifconf? 1977-78 kfH H kfH hJ ckEprsm;wGif e,l;a'vDrd / *s0g[mael;wuUov/f Ediiwuma&;&modyH` (ta&Sawmif/ awmifyi;f ESihf Sf kd k f H kd tv,fyi;f tm&SXme) wGif Ph. D. (yg&*l) bG@J twGuf okawoey&if; jrefrmEdii.Ediia&;/ vlra&;/ kd kfH kfH _ pD;yGm;a&;udprsm;udk tjcm;ta&Sawmiftm&SEiirsm;ESihf ,SOwavhvmcJonf? 1981 ckEpwif tvkyrS P kd f H f JG h Sf G f tem;,lI jrefrmEdiio@dk t+y;D jyefvmcJonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfykH kfH h hS Sf D kd }u;D wGif rdom;pkvuyg0ifvy&m;cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pwifz@JG pnf;pOfuyif tzG@J 0ifwOD; kd f _fS h kd tjzpfyg0ifconf? EdiiwumzG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'rsm;avhvma&;tzG@J i,fwif yg0ifc+hJ y;D / *syef hJ kfH f kH G Ediiz@JG pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'udk jrefrmbmomod@k jyefqa&;om;cJonf? ZeD;jzpfol a':wifwifh OD;pD; kfH f kH kd h h vkyuionfh jrefrmzdeyfvyief;wGif yg0ifunvyuiconf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyJG f kd f kf l D k f kd f hJ D kH D kd usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1418) jzifh jynfo@l f S G f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS E_wxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? f kd f f f G f h jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1418) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 1 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 4 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;wif!e@f (c) OD;xifausmtm; rE av;wdi;f rE av;ta&Sawmifre,f G f W k W jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf $ f J $ f kd f f a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? H f G fG
1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rE av;wdi;f rE av; D kH D kd JG G kd W k W ta&Sawmifrd e,fjynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f $ f J $ f kd f tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;wif!e@f (c) OD;xifausmu rdronf trsK;d om;'Drua&pD H G f d kd tzG@J csKyf. Ediia&;v_y&m;r_rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&u&ef qENr&Sawmhygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l kfH fS G f d d v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;. f kd f f H f G fG qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg OD;wif!e@f (c) OD;xifausm.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G; G f f f $ f aumufyOya' yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;wif!e@f (c) OD;xifausmtm; ,ae@rpI rE av; JG f f hf G f S W ta&Sawmifrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf $ f J $ f kd f f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? H f G fG k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; 39? rE Wav;ta&Sawmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;tkef;uif (atmif0ifh)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f uif (atmif0if) onf rE av;ta&Sawmifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om; d h W J 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (32718) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ (76 08) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? armfvriu|e;f rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b&Si/f trd f hJ df a':pdew@dk rS 1944 ckEp/f Zlviv (2) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;tke;f uif (atmif0if) onf 1967 ff S kd f G h d h ckEpwif 0dZmbJ@G / 1972 ckEpwif owif;pmynm'Dyvkrm/ 1978-79 ckEpwif tar&duefjynfaxmifpo@dk Sf G Sf G d Sf G k ynmoifqjk zifom;a&mufI owif;pmynm'Dyvkrm&&Sconf? 1964 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd a=u;rHk h G d d hJ Sf Sf owif;pm/ [Hom0wDowif;pm (rE av;)/ Advwaxmif owif;pmwk@d wif vufaxmuft,f'wmESihf W k f G D t,f'wm/ 1962-63 ckEp/f ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifconf? 1974 ckEpwif vrfpOfowif;/ D S hJ Sf G Advwaxmifowif;pmESihf ky&iatmifvw@kd wif armifcspz,/f atmif0if/h atmifwifuavmiftrnf k f fSf H G fG h wd@k jzifh Ediiwuma&;&maqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD kfH h hS Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifconf? owif;pmt,f'wmtjzpfvyuiae&if; 1350 jynfEp/f jynfo@l hJ D k f kd f hS 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGiyg0ifcra=umifh Advwaxmifowif;pmt,f'wmtjzpfrS 1988 ckEp/f kd f hJ _ k f D S 'DZifbmvwGif Advwaxmifowif;pmt,f'wmtjzpfrS t+idr;f pm;ay;jcif;cHc&onf? trsK;d om;'Drkd k f D hJ ua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dO;D pD;tzG@J 0ifEihf rE av;wki;f pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwDtzG@J 0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? k S W d G f hJ tzG@J csKyfrS xkwa0onfrwwrf;v$mtzG@J wif wm0efct,f'wmwOD;jzpfonf? e0w. trde@f trSwf f hS f G H D (190) tm; qef@usirj_ zifh oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? OD;tke;f uionf 1950 jy!hEp/f f kd f hJ df fS ta&;ay:pDrr_ tufOya' yk'r (5) (u) (c) (n) t& jypf'%fp&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r H f D JG f (11) (n) ESi+hf ipe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG dG f dk f f S f D kH D kd a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wif a=unmonf? aemifwif JG f S G G yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Yyg0if ,SOf yiciuvnf;ydwyifconf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (6) f JG d f G hf kd f hJ hS &ufaewif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHc&+y;D a&=unftippfaxmufvr;f a&;ppfa=uma&;pcef;rSwqifh atmufwkd G hJ kd f S bmvwGif tif;pdeA[dtusO;f axmifo@kd ajymif;a&$@xe;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? xd@k aemuf jypf'%f (17) ESpf f k d hJ csrwcc&+y;D tif;pdeA[dtusO;f axmifEiawmifiaxmifw@kd wif (14) ESpausm=f umaecJ&+y;D 2005 ckEp/f S f H hJ f k S hf l G f h S Zefe0g&Dv (3) &ufae@wGif awmifiltusOf;axmifrSjyefvnf vGwfajrmufcJhonf? yxrtr_rSm trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ A[dO;D pD;tzG@J 0ifEihf rE av;wdi;f pnf;aumfrwD0ifrsm;jzpf=uonfh rH&m kd k S W k k G OD;wifa&$/ OD;ode;f wefw@kd Eitr_wjJG zpf+y;D / 1990 jynfEp/f =o*kwv (8)&ufae@wif rE av;rd Y txuf S hf hS f G W Armjynf ausmif;om;or*~Eihf oHCmhor*~tzG@J w@kd y;l aygi;f I &Spav;vH;k (2) ESpajrmufae@ txdr;f trSwf S f f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tjzpf oHCmawmfrsm;tm; qGr;f avmif;vyusi;f yyvkyc&m ppfwyfrypfcwfcojzifh oHCmawmftcsKd ESihf JG f hJ S hJ ausmif;om;vli,ftcsKd '%f&m&&Sc+hJ y;D zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onfukd xdpOfu rE av;wdi;f r;jzpfol d hJ k W k xHpma&;om;ay;yd@k I pHprf;ta&;,lr_ yvky+f y;D zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;olrsm;tm; tjrefq;kH jyefvway;&ef k $ f awmif;qdconfjh yif tqdygpmtm;rdwLW ul;Itrsm;jynfoxjH zef@cscrj_ zifh axmif'%f (7) ESpcsrwjf cif; k hJ k l d hJ f S cHc&onf? 'kw,tr_rm *ENa=unmcsuxwjf yefcrj_ zpfonf? OD;=unfarmiftygt0if rH&mOD;wifa&$/ hJ d S D f k hJ kG OD;ode;f wef/ OD;csr;f at;/ AdoumOD;ausmrif;/ armif0o/ OD;wifxponfh A[dO;D pD;tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tzG@J csKyf k f H Gf k A[dvi,frsm;jzpf=uonfh udjk rifp;kd / ud0if;vdi/f udr;kd aZmfO;D wd@k rm if;.tr_wrsm;jzpf=uonf? tqdyg k l h k _ k S JG k tr_jzifh axmif'%f (10) ESpf csrwcc&jcif;jzpfonf? 2005 ckEp/f ESpqef;wGif axmif'%fcsrwjf cif; S f H hJ S f S cHxm;&mrS jyefvnfvwajrmufonf? G f 40? rE Wav;ta&Sajrmufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifarmifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifat;onf rE av;ta&Sajrmurd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd W J ua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (24100) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (83 09) jzifh f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rE av;rdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSaiG/ trd a':trmwd@k rS 1956 f hJ W ckEp/f Zlviv (27) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;armifarmifat;onf 1979 ckEpwif rE av;0dZmESihf S kd f G h Sf G W odywuUovrS odyH` (ocsm) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1983 ckEpwif txufwef;a&Saepmar;yJatmifjrifconf? H` kd f F d hJ Sf G G hJ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? rE av;ta&Sajrmufrd hS Sf D kd hJ W e,f/ uOPer[D&yfuuf tzG@J csKyfOuU/ rE av;ta&Sajrmufrd e,f tzG@J csKyfpnf;H;k a&;aumfrwDtzG@J 0if/ G W rE av;wdi;f tzG@J csKyf ukeo,p;D yGm;tzG@J 0if/ OD;armifarmifat;onf 1990 jynfEp/f =o*kwv (8) W k f G f hS f &ufae@wif rE av;rdY jzpfym;cJonfuptay: tzG@J csKyfrE av;wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD0if rH&m G W G h h d P W k k G OD;wifa&$EitzG@J u rE av;wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD;kH wGif tpnf;ta0;yvky+f y;D / rE av;wdi;f +ir0yfyd S hf W k W k df jym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUxH uef@uupma&;om;ay;yd@k c&m/ tqdygpmudk OD;armifarmifat;ESihf G f hJ k tzG@J u trsm;jynfozwf&ef a=umfjimoifye;f wGiuyfcojzifh oufqi&mu ta&;,l&efppOfaepOf l _ k f hJ dk f D wdr;f a&Smifom;I w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcHxm;&onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEp/f G kd hS 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 745pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif JG kd G ,lxm;onfwm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; &yfqi;f cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pD h S kd h kd tzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (24) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 758pnf;90 trsK;d om;'Drkd hS JG ua&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf todtrSwf yxm;jcif;udk zsuor;f cJonf? OD;armif f kd f f f d h armifat;onf pifyitpk;d &zJ@G +y;D Ekiiawmfuyeuef&ef Ediiawmftm; vufeufuiawmfveyeuef df dfH kd k f kfH kd f Sfkf aeaom aomif;use;f oltzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf qufo,y;l aygi;f aqmif&uonf@twGuf v$wawmfu,pm; G f G f f dk f vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f f S f D kH D kd JG f S Zefe0g&v (21) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? 1991 ckEp/f {+yv (25) &ufae@wif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH D G h S D G kf trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyifqifw;kd csJ zG@J pnf;onftcg ukeo,a&;ESihf or0g,r0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D h f G f jzpfvmcJonf? 1995 ckEp/f Zlviv (21) &ufae@wif qG'ifEii/H AGerm;pApfY jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onftcg h S kd f G D kd f f h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0ef,conf? 2004 ckEp/f rwfv (23) &ufae@ tar&duefEii/H l hJ S kd f 0g&iwefrd awmfwif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onftcsef Sf G kfH h d txd 0ef}u;D wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? ,ck =opa=w;vsEiiwiaexkionf? hJ dk f H G f d f 41? rE Wav;ta&Sajrmufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifat; (t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) (1) trnf OD;wifat; (2) arG;ouU&mZf 1925 ck/ {+yDv 11 &uf ISN - 448361 (3) trsKd;om;rSwfyHkwiftrSwf Ediiom;vufrwf kfH S 12ur&/ Edkif - 011598 (4) vlrsKd;bmom jrefrm - Ak'<bmom (5) ynmt&nftcsif; Oypmwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? wyfrawmfjyef=um;a&; 'Dyvdrm/ pdw"mwf k f ppfqifa&; 'Dyvdkrm (tar&duef) (6) rdbtrnf OD;+idr;f - a':ndKr,f (7) rJpm&if;0if &yfaus; trnfESifhtrSwf rE Wav;ta&Sajrmufrde,f/ &efrsKd;vHk&yfuGuf rJpm&if;trSwpOf 359 f (8) t+rJwef;ae&yfvdyfpm 52 (bD) tif;,m;vrf;/ urm&Gwfrde,f/ &efukef? OD;wifat;onf rE av;ta&Sajrmufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD W J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (22547) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 69) k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rE Wav;ta&Sajrmufrde,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) twGif;&Sd &yfuursm;rSm arm&*D0g/ &efrsK;d vH/k ywfue;f aysmb,/f jynf}u;D rsure/f pdw&r[D/ ywfue;f 0ef;usi/f G f k f G fS W k jynf}u;D rsu&iEihf r[maZ,sbw@kd jzpf onf? aygi;f wnfrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;+ir;f / trd a':ndKr,f fSfS kH d wd@k rS 1925 ckEp/f {+yv (11) &ufae@wif jynfcdi/f aygi;f wnfrd wGif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wifat;onf S D G k h Oypmwef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1300 jynfEpta&;awmfywif ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmifwOD; h hSf kH G jzpf+y;D / ausmif;om;oydwrsm;wGiyg0ifconf? ausmif;om;oHr%dwyfz@GJ 0if jzpfonf? 1942 ckEp/f 'kw, f f hJ S d urBmppf}u;D jzpfcsewif Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat) wyfz@JG &mwGif yg0ifconf? rv_if rd e,f/ df G G f kd f hJ d tm&Svi,ftpnf;tH;k 0ifjzpfonf? zufqpf*syefawmfvea&;wGif aemufwef;acgi;f aqmif/ vGwvyf l Sf f a&;armfue;f 0if ('kw,qif) &&Sconf? 1946 ckEp/f vGwvyfa&;tuumvwGif tr_xrf;aygi;f pkoydwf G d h d hJ S f d H wkuywif txufjrefrmjynfacgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfonf? &Sr;f jynfe,fwif ya'o&mZfqef@usia&;twGuf d f GJ G G f &Sr;f atmifvowif;pmudk }uD;=uyfxwa0cJonf? 1951 ckEpwif wyfrawmfo@dk 0ifa&mufconf? H k f h Sf G hJ ud,yitrSwf (=unf;- 6392) jzpfonf? wkwjf zLusL;ausmrppfqifa&;wGif yg0ifonf? ,if;aemuf k f kd f f_ umuG,a&;0ef}u;D H;k pdw"mwfppfqifa&;Xme okawoet&m&SEihf oifwef;enf;jytjzpf wm0ef,chJ f f dS l onf? 1958-59 ckEpwif tar&duefjynfaxmifpo@kd ynmawmfoiftjzpfom;a&mufconf? 1962 Sf G k G hJ ckEp/f awmfvea&;tpk;d &wuf+y;D aemuf A[dEiia&;odyausmif;wGif odyenf;jy (Akvr; )/ vufaxmuf S Sf k kd f H H` H` d f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ausmif;tky}f uD; ('kw,Advr; }uD;)/ aemifwif A[dEiia&;wuUovY ausmif;tky}f uD;tjzpf wm0ef d k f G k kd f H kd f xrf;aqmifconf? jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD A[daumfrwD0if/ 1977 ckEp/f =o*kwvwGif ygwwm0ef hJ kd S f k S f D kyor;f jcif;cH&+yD;aemuf wyfrawmfrS 'kw,Advr; }uD;tqifjh zifh t+idr;f pm;,lconf? 1350 jynfEpf f d d k f hJ hS (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wyfr; a[mif;/ &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G (aemifwif Sf D kd G rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G ) wGif yg0ifconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfpwifz@JG pnf;pOfuyif yg0if fJ hJ kd cJ+h y;D / rE av;wdi;f / pnf;H;k a&;wm0efcwOD;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1968 ckEp/f (23) }urajrmuf ukv W k H G f hJ S df or*~nvmcHo@kd jrefrmud,pm;vS,tjzpf wufa&mufconf? 1970 jynfEpwivnf; xyfrI ukv D k f f hJ hSf Gf H or*~nvmcHo@kd wufa&mufconf? *syefEi+hf AweEiirsm;od@k vnf; 0ifa&mufconf? 1985 ckEpwif D hJ S d d f dk f H hJ Sf G tar&duefEii&om;jzpfo.zdwac:csut& oGm;a&mufvnfywfconf? zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHxm; kd f H dS l f f hJ &&mrS 1992 ckEp/f {+yv (26) &ufaewitif;pdeaxmifrS jyefvwonf? 1994 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (2) S D Gf f G f S D &ufae@wif uG,veonf? G f Gf OD;wifat; A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvfausmif;tkyf}uD; (t+idrf;pm;) touf (70) &efuerd / tif;vsm;vrf;/ trSwf 52 (bD) ae (OD;+ir;f -a':ndKr,f) wd@k . om;}u;D / a': jroD. k f d cifye;f / OD;rif;[ef - (a':&if&if) 'k-!er; (+ir;f ) or0g,rOD;pD;Xme/ OD;zke;f jrifh t}u;D wef;blraA't&m&Sd G f d d (+ir;f ) b"& - a':axG;pde/f OD;at;=unf vufaxmuf!er; (+ir;f )/ a'oE &pufrO;D pD;Xme/ trSwf (1) d f d W _ pufr_ - a':cifv0if;/ a':!Ge@f &D pm;axG (ukeo,a&;) wd@k . tud}k u;D OD;wifat;onf 2-1-94 S f G f &uf we*FaEGae@ nae (6 ; 15) em&Dtcsewif (96) yg;aoma&m*gjzifh &efuejf ynfo@l aq;H}k u;D wGif df G k uG,veom;ygojzifh (4-1-94) &ufae@ nae (4) em&Dtcsewif =uHawmtat;wdurS =uHawm f Gf G df G k f okomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D o* [rnf jzpfygonf? f usef&pfolarmifESrwpk 42? jrif;jcHr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;aygcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aygcifonf jrif;jcH rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; J kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (42015) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 09) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? jrif;jcH rd e,f/ a*gi;f uG&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;axG;/ trd a':oufriw@dk rS 1947 ckEp/f hJ JG df S azazmf0g&v (12) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;aygcifonf arrd pde@f tvAwftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ D G h J jrif;jcH rd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) wd@k wif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1975 ckEpwif &efuef G Sf G k pufrwuUovrS rd jytif*sie,mbJ@G &&Sconf? ukeonfvyief;jzifh toufarG;onf? pufrwuUovf _ kd f fD d hJ f kf _ kd vufa&G;pOfabmfv;kH orm;/ 1970 jynfEpwif a':&D&O;D ESivufxyfconf? jrif;jcHrde,ftrsK;d om;'Drkd hSf G D hf hJ ua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif bma&;r;wm0ef,conf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@nwGif jzpfyGm;cJonfh G l hJ S h tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkifyg0ifywfouf pDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf=uHwdkufcdkuf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f owfjzwfr}_ u;D twGi;f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHc&+y;D 2004 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (16) &ufae@wif uav;tusO;f hJ S D G axmifrS jyefvwonf? G f 43? jrif;jcHre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmif0if; (c) OD;0if;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmif0if; (c) OD;0if;armifonf jrif;jcH rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd J ua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (39088) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 08) jzifh f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? jrif;jcHrde,f/ anmifyif&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wifarmif/ trd f hJ G a':ode;f wd@k rS 1948 ckEp/f {+yv (19) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;armifarmif0if; (c) OD;0if;armifonf S D G h rE av;0dZmESioywuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G &&ScI &efue0ZmESioywuUovwif r[m0dZmbJ@G ukd tydi;f W hf d H` kd f d hJ k f d hf d H` kd f G k (u) txdoif,conf? 1972 ckEpwif a':qef;,OfEivufxyfconf? ud,yip;D yGm;a&;vkyonf? l hJ Sf G S hf hJ k f kd f f jrif;jcH rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? kd G l hJ 44? jrpfom;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a':tkef;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':tke;f =unfonf jrpfom;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (20903) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (7011) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? EGm;xk;d }uD;rde,f/ urf;em;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;yk/ trd a':oef;wifw@dk rS hJ 1952 ckEp/f azazmf0g&D v (25) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? i,femrnf rvSaX; (ac: ) a':tke;f =unfonf S G h awmif}u;D aumvdyrS 1969-70 ckEpwif "mwkt"du,lI 1973 ckEpwif rE av;wuUovrS odyH` f Sf G Sf G W kd f ("mwkaA') bJ@G &&Sconf? 1974 ckEprS 1982 ckEptxd pma&;0efxrf; (jrpfom;rd )/ 1980 jynfEpwif d hJ Sf Sf hSf G txufwef;a&Saepmar;yGatmifjrifconf? 1978 ckEpwif OD;!Ge@f wifEihf vufxyfconf? 1350 jynfh J hJ Sf G S hJ (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? ausmif;om;b0u toH;k vH;k vkytm; Sf D kd hJ f ay;wGif yg0ifconf? a&SaetjzpfvuygtoufarG;onf? jrpfom;rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKywif hJ dk f kd f G pnf;Hk;a&;r;wm0ef,lcJhonf? a':tkef;=unfonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrwif yvkyaom J $ f dk f f G f ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; v#Kd 0Sutpnf;a0;od@k wufa&mufcI oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xdeor;f jcif;cHc&onf? f hJ kd f f d hJ xdaemuf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (122) (1) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya'yk'r k _ dk f f _ S GJ f (11) (n) ESi+hf ipe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxG dG $ f dk f f S f D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (6) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (996) JG f S k G f jzifh a=unmonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfa&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? 1992 G f h JG S d f G hf kd f hJ ckEp/f arv (4) &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? S G f G f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 45? jrpfom;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmrsKd;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmrsK;d jrifonf jrpfom;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; f h J kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (18129) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (60 96) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? jrpfom;rd e,f/ ulrZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;!Ge@f armif/ trd a':pef;wd@k rS 1954 hJ J ckEp/f {+yv (4) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;onf? OD;rsK;d jrifonf 1981 ckEpwif rE av;aq;wuUovrS q&m0ef S D G h Sf G W kd f bJ@G &&Sconf? aq;wuUovrE av;wGif vrf;f pOfvi,f/ ulrwif t&efygw0if/ ausmif;+yD;onfEihf d hJ kd f W l J G D S aetdrwif aq;cef;zGionf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyg0ifconf? f G hf Sf D kd f hJ jrpfom;rd e,f trsK;d om; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 1996 ckEp/f ZGev (16) kd G l hJ S f &ufaewGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrEwxua=umif; a=unmcsutrSwf (1271) jzifh a=unmcJonf? S_ f G f f h 46? &rnf;oif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;armifarmifjrifonf &rnf;oif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf h J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (19049) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (46 94) jzifh k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? &rnf;oif;rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifwif/ trd a':wif!e@f w@kd rS f hJ $ 1942 ckEp/f arv (3) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;armifarmifjrifonf '\rwef;txd ynmoif=um; S G h h cJI vlra&;ESibmoma&;vkyief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&uconf? ZeD;a':0if;=unfEihf om;orD; (6) h _ hf f G f hJ S OD;xGe;f um;onf? yHEypufEiqefpufvyief; vkyuiconf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rkd k dS f S hf kf f kd f hJ Sf D ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? &rnf;oif;rde,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif rde,f ba&;r;wm0ef,conf? OD;armifarmifjrifonf 1961 ckEp/f jypfrusL;vGewwforsm;ajccsKyfEihf l hJ h S _ f l S cH0eftufOya' yk'r (5) yk'rcJG (1) (p) (q) ESihf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (290) wk@d jzifh jypf'%fp&ifjcif;cH&I f f _ dk f f D a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (11) () ESi+hf ipe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f tjzpfry,fzsuvuf JG f dG $ f dk f S f kd a=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe 0g&v (9) D kH D kd JG f S D &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? 2005 ckEp/f rwfv (5) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? G h S G f Gf 47? &rnf;oif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifoef;onf &rnf;oif;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15082) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (41 24) jzihf k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif; cHcJh&onf? ompnfrdZmwd jzpfonf? 1950 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (31) &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? OD;pde.om; jzpfonf? OD;armifarmifoef;onf rE av;rd / pde@f aZAD;,m; tpd;k & G f W txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;udk (c) tqifjh zifatmifjrifc+hJ yD;aemuf/ 1972 ckEpwif wyfrawmf h Sf G (av) ok@d 0ifa&mufconf? 1972 ckEprS 1983 ckEptxd ajrjyiftwwfoif avwyfpcef; (rdwvm)/ hJ Sf Sf D
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (502) avwyfpcef;/ r*Fvm'H/k wyfrawmfavwGi&pOf q,fwef;udk (u) tqifjh zifh ajzqkatmifjrifchJ f dS d onf? 1983 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lc+hJ y;D rdbvufiwu,yivyief;tvkyukd vkyuiconf? Sf G d k f kd f dk f k f f f kd f hJ 48? v,fa0;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifxGfOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxfO;D onf v,fa0;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (22887) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (53 97) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rE av;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ud}k u;D / trd a':cif+ir;f +ir;f wd@k rS 1963 ckEp/f hJ W d d S azazmf0g&v (27) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wifxO;D onf 1983 ckEpwif rE av;0dZmESihf odyH` D G h Gf Sf G W wuUovrS ody(lyaA')bJ@G &&Sconf? ausmif;+y;D onfaemuf rdb. jrefrm@aq;ud,pm;vS,vyief;udk dk f H` d hJ h k f f kf vkyuiconf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@nwGif jzpfysuconfh tm%mydirsm;ud,wif yg0if f kd f hJ S f hJ kf k f kd ywfoufppOfusL;vGeconfh 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uHwucuowfjzwfr}_ uD;twGi;f arv (30) D f hJ J kd f kd f &ufae@wnvH;k v,fui;f rsm;xJwif yke;f atmif;aecJ&mrS aemufwae@ arv (31) &ufae@ eHeuf (6) G G h em&Dcef@tcsewif tjcm;twlye;f atmif;aecJol (23) OD;ESitwl um;vrf;ay:od@k twufwif a&$bcdif df G k h hf G kd k OuU 'kw,Advr; }u;D oef;[efEihf wdi;f &Jr; }u;D wd@k rS aoewfo;kH csuypfazmufI vufjyefusK;d wkwzrf;qD; d k f S k f f +y;D / cdiOuUrS qJq}kd ur;f armif;onf? xd@k aemuf 'Dy,if;&Jpcef;tcsKyfwif eHeuf (7) em&DrS nae (3) kf d J G em&Dtxd csKyfaESmifxm;I xdrwqifh a&$baxmifo@kd ajymif;a&$xde;f odr;f cJonf? 2004 ckEp/f Zefe0g&D kS kd h S v (16) &ufae@wif a&$btusO;f axmifrjS yefvwonf? axmifrvwvm+y;D aemuf OD;wifxO;D ESihf G kd G f S G f Gf rdom;pkaexki&m tk;d tdrO;D pD;XmeykiaetdrrS 2005 ckEp/f {+yv (8) &ufae@ aemufq;kH xm;I ajymif;a&$ df f df f S D &ef xyfrztm;ay;jcif;cHc&ojzifh z,f&m;ay;cJ&onf? Hd hJ S h 49? v,fa0;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;nDnDxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;nDnxe;f onf v,fa0;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; D G J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (23457) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 95) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? &rnf;oif;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jrwfomxGe;f / trd a':apmav;wd@k rS 1935 hJ ckEp/f arv (22) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;nDnxe;f onf 1952 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef; S G h D G S f G kd f atmifjrifI &efuewuUovwif Oypm0dZm (c) txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1958 ckEpwif v,fa0;rd kf kd f G h Sf G e,f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;nD!wa&;wyfaygi;f pk (y-r-n-w) OuU/ 1960 jynfEpwif kfH G f hSf G y-r-n-w rd e,ftrwfavmif;/ 1963 ckEpwif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD qdiwm0efc/H awmifol Sf G kd S f kf v,form; aumifptwGi;f a&;r;/ 1982 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd rde,for0g,r refae*sm/ 1350 D Sf Sf jynf(1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? txufwef;a&Saepmar;yGatmif h Sf D kd hJ J jrifconf? v,fa0;rde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rde,fwm0efcH wm0ef,conf? 1999 hJ kd G l hJ ckEp/f rwfv (12) &ufae@u v,fa0;rd e,f/ om,muke;f aus;&GmwGif yvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pD S f hJ kd tzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifrsm; EkwfxGufv$may;tyfyGJtcrf;tem;wGif OD;nDnDxGef;udk,fwdkifwufa&mufI
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f if;Ekwxu&jcif;ta=umif;udk &Si;f jycJonf[k 1999 ckEp/f rwfv (13) &ufae@xwf etz owif;pm f G f h S k rsm;wGif atmufygtwki;f azmfjycJonf? d h v,fa0;re,f tJeft,fvf'DOuU jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;nDnDxGef;ESifh re,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tvkyftr_aqmifrsm;ESifh ygwD0ifrsm;EkwfxGuf &efukef rwf 6 (1999) rE Wav;wdkif; v,fa0;rde,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS rde,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzG@J csKyfOuU ESihf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;nDnxe;f tygt0if tvkyf $ f kd f D G tr_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf ygw0if (205) OD;wd@k onf azazmf0g&D (25) &ufwif ygw0iftjzpfrS EkwxuchJ D G D f G f a=umif;od&onf? rE av;wdi;f v,fa0;rde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l W k kd v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;nDnxe;f tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf ygw0if (205) OD;wd@k f kd f D G f D onf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. ygwEiia&;v_y&m;r_rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&u&ef qENr&Sawmh kd D kd f H fS G f d ojzifh rdrw@kd .qENtavsmuf ygw0iftjzpfrEwxua=umif; v,fa0;rd e,f ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG d D Sk f G f D kH D kd a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzG@J Eihf oufqi&mEdiia&;ygwo@kd ta=umif;=um;pmrsm; ay;yd@k chJ JG f S kd f k f H D a=umif;/ 1999 ckEpf azazmf0g&v (27) &ufwif v,fa0;rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS wm0ef&dS S D G kd olrsm;ud,wif ygwtvH/ ygwwqyw;kH rsm;ESihf pm&Gupmwrf;rsm;udk rd e,fygwp'rua&pD taxG k f kd D D H df f D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzG@J o@kd tyfEa=umif;owif;&&Sonf? (owif;pOf) JG f HS d 50? 0rf;wGif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmaomif;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmaomif;wifonf 0rf;wGi;f rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (26616) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 63) k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? yGijhf zLrd e,f/ a&Smufawmaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;jraomif;/ f hJ trd a':cifw@kd rS 1949 ckEp/f ZGev (24) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;aomif;wifonf 1975 ckEpwif S f G h Sf G aq;wuUovf (1) &efuerS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1977 ckEprS 1980 jynfEptxd wm0efcq&m0ef kd kf d hJ Sf hSf H bk&m;pkaus;&Gm/ or0g,rvlra&;aq;ay;cef;/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; _ hS Sf D kd awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? hJ 51? 0rf;wGif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vSatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSatmifonf 0rf;wGi;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (29802) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 99) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 0rf;wGi;f rd e,f/ jynfawmf&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;at;armif/ trd a':at; hJ G =unfw@dk rS 1941 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;vSatmifonf 0dZmbJ@G / tjynfjynf S G h qdi&mqufo,a&; ynma&;'Dyvkrmwd@k ukd &efuewuUovrS 1962 ckEpEihf 1964 ckEpw@kd wif kf G f d k f kd f S f S S f G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f vnf;aumif;/ 1962 ckEpEifh 1970 jynfEpw@kd wif armfpudEiiawmfwuUovrS k&m;bmom'DyvdrmESihf SfS hSf G k dk f H kd f S k pD;yGm;a&;yg&*lb@GJ w@dk uvnf;aumif; toD;oD;&&Sconf? 1970 jynfEprS 1977 ckEpf txd okawoe kd d hJ hSf S t&m&SEihf vufaxmufuxdu A[dEiia&;wuUov? ,if;XmerS qENtavsmuf E_wxu+f y;D Zmwdwif dS k kd f H kd f f G G d;k &mawmifovyief;vkyuiconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D l kf f kd f hJ hS Sf D kd wGif yg0ifconf? 0rf;wGi;f rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? hJ kd l hJ 52? oydwfusif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;armf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armfonf oydwusi;f rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI f J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (14371) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 96) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? 1923 ckEp/f Zlviv (13) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? uef@bvlrd e,f/ ZD;uke;f &GmZmwdjzpfonf? hJ S kd f G OD;om*sr;f .om; jzpfonf? OD;armfonf 1938-39 ckEp/f ausmif;om;oydwEihf 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k 0if/ S fS 1944 ckEpwif uGejf rLepfygw0if/ 1946 ckEpwif tvHeuejf rLepfygw0if/ 1948 ckEpwif awmckum Sf G D Sf G D G D Sf G d 1958 ckEpwif tvHeXmecsKyfuoydwarSmufI 1962 ckEpwif tvif;0ifconf? 1964 ckEpwif Sf G D dk f Sf G hJ Sf G rd e,fOuU (q-p-w-u)/ 1970 jynfEpwif rd e,for0g,rtoif; OuU/ 1981 ckEpwif rd e,f hSf G Sf G vkyief;ppfaq;a&;tzJ@G 0if/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0if f hS Sf D kd onf? 1991 ckEp/f Zlviv (5) &ufae@wif uG,vea=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG S kd f G f Gf D kH D kd usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcsutrSwf (951) jzifh 1991 ckEp/f Zlviv (13) &ufae@wif xkwjf yef f f S kd f G a=unmcJonf? h 53? ompnfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;odrf;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odr;f armifonf ompnfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm; yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (21050) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (61 02) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;pH=uL;/ trd a':vS@J w@dk rS 1943 ckEp/f =o*kwv (13) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh hJ S f G onf? ompnfrd e,f/ [HZm;aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;ode;f armifonf 0dZm ('\edu) bJ@G ukd pmay;pm,l jzifh &efuewuUovrS &&Sconf? tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xk@d aemuf 1981 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd kf kd f d hJ Sf Sf rde,fvkyfief;ppfaq;a&;tzJG@/ 1986 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDwm0efrS E_wfxGuf+yD; rdom;pkwEkip;D yGm;a&; vkyconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif df f hJ hS Sf D kd yg0ifconf? hJ 54? ompnfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmifav;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifav;onf ompnfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (19179) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (57 59) jzifh k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ompnfrd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;apmat;csK/d trd a':cif=unfw@dk rS f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1949 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (24) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;armifarmifav;onf 1970 jynfEpwif S D G h hSf G rE av;0dZmESioywuUovrS 0dZm (yx0D) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1971 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd yxr toif;pkr; W hf d H` kd f d hJ Sf Sf or0g,rOD;pD;Xme (uavm/ ompnf)/ 1987-88 ckEpwif XmeOD;pD;/ or0g,r OD;pD;Xme (erfprf)/ 1350 Sf G h jynfEp(1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv hSf Sf D kd hJ S kd (16) &ufae@wif 0efxrf;tjzpfrEwxuconf? ompnfrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k G S _ f G f hJ kd a&;r;wm0ef,conf? l hJ 55? tr&yl&re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmaZmfjrifarmifonf tr&yl&rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f h J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (21119) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 35) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1951 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (11) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;csparmif/ f hJ S G f trd a': jrifjh rifw@kd .om; jzpfonf? a'guwmaZmfjrifarmifonf 1979 ckEpwif rE av;aq;wuUovf h f h Sf G W kd rS q&m0efb@JG &&Sconf? 1982-83 ckEpwif wm0efcq&m0ef (rE av;wdi;f ) ppfui;f &Gmopf}u;D wdue,f d hJ Sf G H W k kd k f aq;H/k 1983 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd ZD0/ "mwkokyjf yq&m (rE av;aq;wuUov)/ aq;ynmr[m Sf Sf W kd f odyH` (ZD0"mwk) bJ@G veoifwef; yxrESpukd 1985 ckEpwif atmifjrifconf? 1350 jynfEp(1988 Gf f Sf G hJ hSf ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmvwGif &efueo@dk Sf D kd hJ S dk kf ajymif;a&$cH&ojzifh E_wxuciawmif;cHc&m 1988 ckEp/f 'DZifbmvwGif E_wxuci&cJonf? ud,yif f G f G hf hJ S f G f G hf h k f dk aq;ukcef;zGixm;onf? a'guwm aZmfjrifarmifonf 1990 jynfEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif hf f h hS f G tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrwif yvkyaom J $ f kd f f G f ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; vsK@d 0utpnf;ta0;jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf ae&mxkicif;pDpOfjcif;/ {nfcau|;arG; S f df hH jcif;ESihf tpnf;ta0;wGif aqG;aEG;a[majymjcif;rsm; yvkyconf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (30) f hJ hS &ufae@wif rE av;taemufawmifrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf;kH wGif yvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k & G W kd f zJ@G pnf;a&;v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;od@k vnf; wufa&mufconf? 1990 jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (1) &ufae@ f hJ hS kd f G f_S df _ k l kf wGif trmcH (Hard Core) (6) OD;twGuqufo,rEihf aexkipm;aomufrtydi;f udk wm0ef,vyaqmif &ef uwday;cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;bkvS h kd $ f kd f f d wif/h OD;0if;ud/k OD;vSaz/ OD;ode;f OD;wd@k awmwGi;f oGm;rnftpDtpOfukd uwifoxm;cJonf? OD;bkvwifh h d d h d S awmwGi;f a&muf&aea=umif;udvnf; ,if;.tquftoG,jf zifo&cI oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f dS k h d dS hJ dk f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? a'guwmaZmfjrifarmif;tm; jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r 122 (1) t& jypf'%fp&ifjcif; hJ f h _ dk f f D cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (11) (n) ESi+hf ipe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; JG f dG f dk f f f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wif D kH D kd JG f S G a=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfa&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of ydiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? 1990 h G f h JG S f G hf kd f hJ jynfEp/f Ed0ifbmvwGif axmif'%f (25) csrwcc&onf? ZeD;rSm a'guwm a':,k,arjzpfonf? hS k S f H hJ f k
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 56? tr&yl&re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;bbGm;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;bbGm;onf tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,f J kd f k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (24163) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (68 59) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1927 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (11) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? ocifAode;f .om; jzpf hJ S D G onf? ODbbGm;onf ocifAode;f ESitwl 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k / e,fcsJ qef@usia&;/ zufqpfqef@usia&;/ f hf f f zufqpfawmfvea&;wkuyw@kd Y yg0ifconf? 1946 ckEp/f wyfrawmfz@GJ csef wyfrawmfwif wm0efxrf; Sf d f GJ hJ S d G aqmif+y;D / 1948 ckEp/f vGwvyfa&;&onftcg wyfrawmfrxuconf? 1948 ckEpwif a&mifpoyef S f h S G f hJ Sf G kH l k rsm;vufrS tr&yl&rd udk jyefvnfor;f yduwucu&mwGif yg0ifconf? zcifocifAode;f ygvreftwGi;f d k f kd f dk f hJ D 0ef vkypOf z-q-y-v tzJ@G csKyfwif yg0ifconf? &Sr;f a*gi;f &yf/ av;pk&yfuu/f tr&yl&wGiaeonf? f G hJ G f ,if;onf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u usi;f yyvkyonfh ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; hS f v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;udk ,if;.aetdrwif yvkyciay;cJ+h y;D ud,witqdygtpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&muf f f G f G hf k f kd f k yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhojzifh oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemufOD;bbGm;onf jypfr_ qdi&mOya' yk'r 122 (1) t& jypf'%fp&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJ Oya'yk'r 11 (n) ESi+hf ipe;f ojzifh kf f D f dG v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; f kd f f S f D kH D kd JG aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (30) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyf rnfa&G;aumufyJG f S G h G h rsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciukd ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f arv (4) &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrjS yef S d f G hf f hJ S G f vGwonf? f a&G;aumufyGJESifhjynfol@v$wfawmf 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@u usi;y+yD;pD;cJonfh ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG h S f h D kH D kd a&G;aumufyGJwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH=u&onfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 2 (p) ESifh Ediiawmfjyefwrf;wGixnfoi;f a=unm+y;D onfw@kd t&/ w&m;0iftwnfjzpfaea=umif; qH;k jzwf kfH f h G onf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;.oufwrf;udk jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya'wGif owfrwjf ymef;xm;jcif;r&Syg? jynfo@l v$wawmfw&yf.oufwrf;udk jynfo@l v$wf S d f awmf ac:,lzGJ@pnf;+yD;rSomv#if jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;. qHk;jzwfcsuft& owfrw=f uygonf? S 1997 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (2728)&ufae@rsm;wGif usi;f ycJaom trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf S h kd zG@J pnf;wnfaxmifonfh (9)ESpajrmuf ESpywfvnfae@tpnf;ta0;}uD;rS csrwaom qH;jzwf f f S f k csufrsm;rS
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (10) rGefjynfe,f?
ajrmufbufwif yJc;l wdi;f / ta&Sbufwif u&ifjynfe,f/ awmifbufwif weoFm&Dwi;f ESihf G k G G kd taemufbufwif rkwryifv,fjyifw@kd wnf&onf? ajrmufvwWw'f (14) 'D*&D (52) rdepfEihf (17) G W dS D G S 'D*&D (32) rdepftwGi;f / ta&Savmif*sw'f (96) 'D*&D (51) rdepfEihf (98) 'D*&D (13) rdepftwGi;f wnf&dS D G S onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (4748) us,0ef;onf? jynfe,frd awmfrm armfvrif rd jzpfonf? kf f S d rGejf ynfe,fwif rd e,f (10) rd e,f&dS rJqENe,f (20) e,fY Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (16) ck G kfH D tm; ud,pm;y,SOf yiovwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (94)OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmf ud,pm;vS,f k f df l $ f kd f f ~ f k f avmif; (1) OD;/ pkpaygi;f (95) OD; 0ifa&muf,Of yic=hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (16) ae&mESihf k S df kd rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J rS (4) ae&m toD;oD;a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? f kd f 1? usKdufxdkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;&JxGf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;&Jxonf usKuxdk rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f Gf d f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (16281) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 03) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;azcif.om;jzpfonf? 1922 ckEp/f {+yv (21) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? awmfvea&; hJ S D G Sf umvwGif Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat) wGiyg0ifc+hJ y;D tm&Svi,f +rwckif pnf;H;k a&; G f kd f f l d f d wm0efc/H 1952 ckEpwif odyb@GJ &&ScI "mwkaA'enf;jyq&mESihf yif;,aqmif taqmifenf;jy/ 1953 Sf G H` d hJ ckEprS 1954 ckEptxd z-q-y-v tvkyorm;tpnf;tH;k (wD,pb) wGif a&eHEiowWKXme/ vuf Sf Sf f lD D S hf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f axmufXmewm0efc/H 1963 ckEpwif z-q-y-v weoFm&Dwi;f r;/ 1969 ckEpwif Oya'bJ@G &&ScI Sf G dk Sf G d hJ 1971 ckEprpI w&m;H;k csKyfa&Sae/ 1988 ckEpwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[dO;D pD;tzJ@G 0if/ trsK;d SfS Sf G dk k om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf rGejf ynfe,fpnf;H;k a&;tzJ@G 0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? kd G f hJ 2? usKdufxdkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmat;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmat;ZHonf usKd ufxkd rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15988) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (78 83) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1954 ckEpzm; jzpfonf? OD;ausmZ.om; jzpfonf? rk'kH rd Zmwd jzpfonf? hJ SfG f H a'guwmat;ZHonf rk'kH rd / oDaygrd ESihf oHjzLZ&yfrd rsm;wGif tajccHynmoif,conf? 1979 ckEpwif f l hJ Sf G aq;ynmbJ@G ukd r*Fvm'Haq;wuUovf (2) rS&&Sc+hJ y;D rk'kH rd wGif ud,yiaq;ukcef; zGivpvyuiconf? k kd d k f kd f hf S f k f kd f hJ 1989 ckEp/f {+yvrSpI usKuxdk rd od@k ajymif;a&$aexki+f y;D ud,yiaq;ukcef;zGivpvyuiconf? S D d f d k f kd f hf S f k f kd f hJ 3? usKdufra&mre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;jrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrihoe;f onf usKd ufra&mrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (10576) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (52 96) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;atmif=unf.om; jzpfonf? 1947 ckESpfzGm; jzpfonf? ppfudkif;wdkif;/ ige;f ZGef rd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;jrifoe;f onf 1968 ckEpwif pDym;a&;wuUovrS 0g%Z/ 0dZmbG@J &&Sc+hJ y;D h d Sf G G kd f d d 1970 jynfEpwif or0g,r0ef}u;D XmeY tvky0ifa&mufvyuiconf? oxk/H rwW&m/ qDqi/f awmif hSf G f k f kd f hJ kd }u;D / bkwvif/ qdyurf;/ &efuef H;k csKyfEihf usKura&mrd wk@d wif or0g,rOD;pD;Xme/ rd e,fO;D pD;r; wm0ef f k S d f G wk@d ukd xrf;aqmifconf? 1989 ckEp/f azazmf0g&vwGif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) hJ S D d hJ S &ufae@wijf zpfym;onfh 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uwucuowfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfym;t+y;D zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f G G J H kd f kd f G jcif;cHc&I Zlviv (15) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? hJ kd f G G f 4? usKdufra&mre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edkifcifarmif/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? (uG,fvGef) OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edicifarmifonf usKura&mrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif rGetrsK;d om; kf d f J f 'Drua&pDtzG@J tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (11528) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (41 89) kd k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz Edive;f cdi/f trd rdjrcspw@kd rS 1933 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (8) f hJ kf G k f S D &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edicifarmifonf 1962 ckEpwif v#yppf"mwftm;ay;a&; Gf h kf Sf G f tzG@J vufaxmuftif*sie,m/ 1966 ckEpwif pufypPn;f }u;D =uyfa&;tzG@J Y tr_aqmift&m&S/d xd@k fD Sf G aemuf 'kw,tr_aqmift&m&ScsKyf/ 1972 ckEprpI A[dpufypPn;f pm&if;tif;ESihf ppfaq;a&;OD;pD;Xme d d SfS k 'kw,!$e=f um;a&;r;/ 1989 ckEp/f rwfv (31) &ufae@wif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? &efuewuUovref d S G d hJ kf kd f G toif;wGif twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf 1957-58 ckEp/f 1958-59 ckEp/f rGepmayESi,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD (&efue) S S f hf kf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wGif 1978-80/ 1980-82/ 1982-84 ckEprsm;Y OuU/ rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J A[dtvkytr_ Sf f kd k f aqmiftzG@J 0if (wdi;f &if;om;a&;&m Xmer;)/ jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rl0g' k k kd kd a&;&maumfrwDwif tzG@J 0if/ a&G;aumufy,Of ydibuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ud,pm;vS,f G JG S f kd k f avmif; OD;wifaiGu a&G;aumufyuef@uuvm wifoi;f cJojzifh a&G;aumufyctzG@J (1) . =um;emppf JG G f $ G h JG kH aq;r_ukd cHc&onf? OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edicifarmif rGeausmif;em,utzG@J 0if/ rGe"rRmHwnfaqmufa&; hJ kf f f k aumfrwD 'kw,OuU/ rGe"rRmHEireyuwfwuf xde;f odr;f apmifa&Smufa&; em,utzG@J 0if/ rGepmayESihf d f k S hf G f d kd h f ,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD (&efue) .em,utzG@J 0if onf 2002 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@wif kf S G &efuef rd Y uG,veonf? k f Gf OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edkifcifarmif touf (70) B.Sc.(Engg.) Mech. zJuwm/ uwdk;aumhESyf (prf;acsmif;/ &efukef) 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;r; (+idrf;) A[dkpufypPnf;pm&if;tif;ESifhppfaq;a&;OD;pD;Xme vlr_xl;c|ef (wwd,qifh) armfvrif rd / uwd;k aumhEyaus;&Gmae (Edive;f cdi-rdjrcsp) wd@k .om;/ armfvrif rd / 'di;f 0ef d Sf kf G kf f d k uGi;f &yf/ 0wf}u;D vrf;ae (OD;yk-a':aiGri) wd@k . om;oruf/ trSwf (40)/ iSuaysmawmvrf;/ u|e;f awm df f ajrmuf&yfuu/f prf;acsmif;rd e,fae a':wifpe.cspvpmaom cifye;f / (OD;pd;k ode;f / ava=umif;OD;pD;Xme)G df f SG G a':oif;rdiw@kd . nDarmif/ OD;rif;ndKodr;f (H;k tzG@J r; / +idr;f )-a':vS=unf/ OD;atmifjrif-a':wifwif/ f h a':0if;0if;&Sef (Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H zd;a&;aumifp;kH )/ OD;pd;k jrif-a':wifa&$w@kd . tud/k d kfH D h udausmvif;aZmf (acwW-U.S.A.)/ udxe;f xGe;f / udrsK;d ol&-ywfcs,&cp (acwW-Aefaumuf)/ udxe;f ode;f k f k G k fD k G (C.E., N.S.S.P.L.)-reDvmcif/ udwifatmif/ reDvmatmif (Final Part I, I.M. 1) wd@k . aus;Zl;&Sizcif/ k h f eef@cs&m/ armifz;d rif;ode;f wd@k . tbd;k onf (29-9-2002) &ufwif uG,veygI (1-10-2002) &uf G f Gf (t*F gae@) rGe;f vGJ (1) em&Dwif xdeyiftat;wdurS xdeyifoomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D o* [ygrnf? G f k f f k f usef&pfolrdom;pk 5? acsmif;qHkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmif=unf!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmif=unf!e@f onf acsmif;qHk rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf G J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (10344) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (44 45) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;wifjrif.om; jzpfonf? 1951 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (8) &ufae@zm; f hJ h S G jzpfonf? rE av;wki;f / wyfue;f rd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmif=unf!e@f onf 1973 ckEpwif txufwef; W d k G Sf G a&Saepmar;yJatmifjrifconf? 1975 ckEpwif pkuysK;d ynmbJ@G &&Sconf? 1977 ckEprpI acsmif;qHk rd G hJ Sf G d f d hJ SfS
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f taemufyi;f &yfuuwiaeI txufwef;a&Saetjzpf toufarG;onf? OD;atmif=unf!e@f onf kd G f Gf G jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (416) (109) jzihf jypf'%fp&ifjcif;cHc&I a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (11) () ESihf _ dk f f D hJ GJ f +ipe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG dG f dk f f f D kH D kd usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (9) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? f S D G h 6? acsmif;qHkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a':cifaX;u,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':cifaX;u,onf acsmif;qHk rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf G f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (18307) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (80 44) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? OD;uGeyg.orD; jzpfonf? 1946 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (10) &ufae@zm; jzpf f hJ f S k G onf? acsmif;qHk rd e,f/ rk&pf uav;tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif qXrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? h xdrS &efueo@kd ajymif;a&$ynmoif=um;cJ&m 1966 ckEpwif trSwf (3) wmarG tpd;k &txufwef; k kf h Sf G ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifconf? xkrS &efue0ZmESihf odywuUovo@kd wufa&mufynmoif=um; hJ d kfd H` kd f cJ&m 1970 jynfEpwif odyH` (owWaA') bJ@G &&Sconf? bJ@G &+y;D aemuf A[dv,faumifpD pma&;0efxrf;/ h hSf G d hJ k 1978 ckEpwif rSwywifa&Sae oifwef;atmifjrifonftcg pma&;0efxrf;tjzpfrS E_wxuconf? Sf G f kH h f G f hJ ,if;aemufw&m;H;k csKyf a&Saetjzpfvuygaqmif&uconf? kd f G f hJ 7? aygifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;^m%f0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;^m%f0if;onf aygif rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (20032) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 2) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;cseaz/ trd a':&Dw@dk rS 1942 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (20) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh hJ df S k G onf? usKucrDZmwdjzpfonf? OD;^m%f0if;onf 1948-49 ckEprS 1959-60 ckEptxd usKuurtpd;k & d f Sf Sf d f Q D txufwef;ausmif;/ armfvrdif &Sifr[mAk'<aCmotxufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wuUokdvf0ifwef; atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1960 jynfEprS 1968 ckEptxd armfvrif Oypmaumvdy/f h hSf Sf d rE av;wuUovEihf &efue0ZmESihf odywuUovw@kd rS 0dZm (Oya'bJ@G ) ESihf Oya'bJ@G rsm;&&Sconf? W kd f S kfd H` kd f d hJ 1977 ckEpwif a':vSv0if;ESihf vufxyfconf? 1970 jynfEprS 1973 ckEptxd txufwef;a&Sae/ Sf G S hJ hSf Sf w&m;H;k csKyfa&Sae/ 1973 ckEpwif Oya'0efxrf;tqifh (4)/ 14-11-1988 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (14) Sf G S k &ufae@wif Oya'0efxrf;tqifh (1) rS t+ir;f pm;,lc+hJ y;D / w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpf aqmif&uconf? G d G f hJ 8? aygifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? Edkifaomif;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Ekiaomif;!Ge@f onf aygif rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; df J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (21242) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (59 12) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;bk;d ouf.om; jzpfonf? 1934 ckEp/f Zlviv (31) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ S kd f G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aygird / u'g&yfuuZmwd jzpfonf? Ekiaomif;!Ge@f onf 1943 ckEprpI bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;ynm/ G f df SfS rlvwef;ynm/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ESiwuUov0ifwef;txd/ "rRar"eDausmif;ESihf aygif rd tpd;k & hf kd f txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif ynmoif=um;cJonf? ausmif;rSxuI v,fvyief;vkyuic+hJ y;D aygif rd e,f G h G f kf f dk f z-q-y-v/ A-w-v-p wk@d wif rd e,ftqif/h 1965 ckEpwif q-p-w-u twGi;f a&;r;/ 1968 G Sf G ckEp/f =o*kwv (17) &ufae@rpI ,lepfa&;&mr;/ ,lepfaumfrwD0if/ 1977 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &uf S f S S D ae@rS 1978 ckEp/f ZGev (10) &ufae@txd ygw,epf twGi;f a&;r;/ 1978 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@rS S f D l S f 1985 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@txd ygw,epf OuUwm0efw@dk uxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D 1986 ckEp/f arv S f D l kd S (25) &ufae@wif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwrS Ekwxuconf? G kd S f D f G f hJ 9? bD;vif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifarmifvwf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifvwfonf bD;vif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (16912) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 82) jzifh k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? OD;xGe;f pde.om; jzpfonf? bD;vif;rd e,f/ a&SavSaus;&Gm Zmwdjzpf f hJ f onf? 1947 ckEp/f pufwifbm v (9) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;armifarmifvwfonf a&SavSaus;&Gmrlv S G wef;ausmif;/ bD;vif;/ usKux/dk oxHk tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif tajccHynmoif=um;cJonf? d f G h 1972 ckEpwif &efue0ZmESioywuUovf rS 0dZmbJ@G (Oya') ESihf 1973 ckEpwif Oya'0dZmbJ@G w@dk Sf G k f d hf d H` kd Sf G &&Sconf? 1974 ckEpwif A[kw&m;H;k tvkyoif a&Saeoifwef;wufa&mufcI 1975 ckEpwif d hJ S f G d f hJ S f G txufwef;a&Saevkipif&&S+d y;D bD;vif;/ usKuxdk rd e,f w&m;H;k ESihf rGejf ynfe,fw&m;H;k wk@d wif a&Sae df d f G tjzpf vduygaqmif&uconf? 1983 ckEpwif A[dw&m;H;k a&Saetjzpf pwifvuygaqmif&uconf? k f G f hJ Sf G k kd f G f hJ 1981 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd bD;vif;rd e,f a&G;cs,wifajrmufyaumfr&Sif tzJ@G 0if/ 1975 ckEpwif Sf Sf f GJ Sf G a&SavSaus;&GmpmqkawmfyEihf 1986 ckEpwif bD;vif;pmqkawmfae@w@dk wif a[majymcJonf? d GJ S Sf G d G h 10? bD;vif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmif (opPm&Sif)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifonf bD;vif;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (14180) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 88) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1930 jynfEpzm;jzpfonf? arrd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;jrat;.om; jzpfonf? hJ hSfG OD;armifarmifonf ppftwGi;f tm&Svi,ftzJ@G 0ifEihf 1954 ckEprpI rde,fausmif;om;or*~Eihf l S S f S S ausmif;om;wyfO;D wGif rd e,f wyfa&;/ 1946 ckEpwif taxGaxGoydwacgi;f aqmif/ 1947 ckEpwif Sf G f Sf G wyfrawmfo@kd 0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D 1950 jynhEpwif ol&aumif;rSwwrf;0ifwqy&onf? 1955 ckEprS 1957 fSf G J f H df Sf ckEptxd pifumyl/ =opa=w;vsEifh tar&duefjynfaxmifpw@kd wif ppfoifwef;wufa&mufconf? S f S k G hJ '*Hk rd e,f=u@H cia&;toif; rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;r;ESihf &efuewi;f (tv,fyi;f ) wvu twGi;f a&;r;/ jynfo@l dk f k f dk dk axmufya&;tzJ@G tpd;k &cef@tzJ@G 0if/ rE av;wki;f tvkyorm;}u;D =uyfa&;tzJ@G twGi;f a&;r;/ 1972 hH W d f ckEpwif wyfrawmfrS Akvr; tqifjh zihf t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1963 ckEprS 1977 ckEptxd vrf;pOfygwD Sf G d f d hJ Sf Sf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f XmecsKyf ynma&;&mXmewGif XmecJr; ESihf 'kw,Xmer;/ XmecsKyfygw,epfOuUESihf A[daumfrwD0iftxd/ G d D l k tjynfjynfqi&mqufo,a&;ESifh EkiijH cm;a&;&maumfrwD twGi;f a&;r;/ zJ@G pnf;yHtajccHOya' a&;qJa&; dk f G f df k G aumfr&Siwif tzJ@G 0ifEifh aumfrwDtzJ@G ctwGi;f a&;r;/ xD;csKd irqENe,f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f jynfo@l f G S GJ hf J f kd f v$wawmf tjynfjynfqi&mqufo,a&;ESifh EkiijH cm;a&;&maumfrwD twGi;f a&;r;/ ukvor*~o@dk f dk f G f df (3) }urEihf bufrvkuEiirsm; nDvmcHo@kd (2) }urf wufa&mufconf? 0efxrf;a&G;cs,avhusia&; dfS d f dk f H d hJ f hf tzJ@G 0if/ 1977 ckEpwif ygwwm0efrsm;rS kyor;f jcif;cHc&onf? ,if;aemuf EkiijH cm;ukr%rsm;wGif Sf G D f d hJ df ` D u|r;f usirvufaxmuf/ arrd toif; (&efue) OuU/ opPm&Siuavmiftrnfjzihf pma&;q&m/ 1988 f_ kf f ckEpwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfEirsK;d cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G o@kd 0ifa&mufconf? rsK;d cspf &Jabmf Sf G kd S fh hJ a[mif;rsm;tzJ@G wif A[daumfrwD0ifEihf twGi;f a&;r; (pDr) tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1999 ckEp/f azazmf G k S H G f hJ S 0g&v (24) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? D G $ f kd f f f G f hJ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D kH D kd usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1443) (1360 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 10 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 24 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;armifarmiftm; rGejf ynfe,f/ bD;vif;re,f/ jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f $ f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf $ f kd f f cHxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rGejf ynfe,f/ bD;vif;rd e,f D kH D kd JG G kd jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumuf $ f J $ f kd f f wifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;armifarmifu rdronf use;f rma&;raumif;onftjyif qufvufvyui&ef H d h k f kd f vnf; r&Sawmhygojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS d $ f kd f f H Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f G fG f h 2? txufyg OD;armifarmif.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyOya' f f $ f JG yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;armifarmiftm; ,ae@rpI bD;vif;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f f f hf S $ f J trSwf (2) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? f G fG k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r;
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 11? rk'Hkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a':wifapmOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf? a':wifapmOD;onf rk'kH rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20472) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 17) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rk'kH rd e,f/ anmif0i;f Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSa&$/ trd a':aiG&w@dk rS 1944 ckEp/f hJ kd D S rwfv (14) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a':wifapmOD;onf rk'&i&[Hausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynm pwif G h kH S f oif=um;cJonf? 1960 jynfEpwif armfvrdif armfwifve;f *s'qif txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifh h hSf G d f ausmif;xGupmar;yJuvnf;aumif;/ 1961 ckEpwif rk'kH rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUov0ifwef; f G kd Sf G kd f udvnf;aumif; atmifjrifconf? 1967 -68 ckEpwif &efue0ZmESioywuUovrS 0dZm (Oya') k hJ Sf G k f d hf d H` kd f bG@J EiOya'0dZmbG@J w@kd &&Sconf? 1969 ckEpwif armfvrif rd e,f w&m;H;k csKyfa&Sae rpPwmea';qif; S fh d hJ Sf G d xHwif tvkyoifa&Saetjzpf avhvmqnf;yl;cJonf? 1971 ckEp/f rwfv (30) &ufae@wif w&m;H;k csKyf G f h S G a&Saejzpfvm+y;D aemuf rGejf ynfe,fw&m;H;k ESihf rk'kH rd e,f w&m;H;k rsm;wGif w&m;H;k csKya&Saetjzpf vkuyg f d f aqmif&uconf? G f hJ 12? rk'Hkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmrif;=unf0if;/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? a'guwmrif;=unf0if;onf rk'kH rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J f J f kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (24430) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 16) jzifh k f S f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? tz OD;Ediausmf (uG,ve)/ trd a':apm&Sew@kd rS 1952 ckEp/f ZGev f hJ kf f Gf df S f (29) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmrif;=unf0if;onf arG;csi;f armifEpr (5) a,mufteuf 'kw, G h f Sf d ajrmufom;jzpfonf? i,femrnf rif;aiG=unf0if;jzpfonf? rk'kH rd e,f/ anmifue;f aus;&Gm rGervwef; k fl ausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / tv,fwef;ESitxufwef;ynmudk rk'kH rd / tpd;k &txufwef; hf ausmif;trSwf (1) wGif oif=um;cJonf? 1971 ckEpwif (10) wef;udk (3) bmom*k%x;l jzifh atmifjrifchJ h Sf G f onf? 1980 jynfEpwif aq;wuUovf (2) r*Fvm'HrS q&m0efb@JG &&Sconf? 1982-83 ckEpwif hSf G kd k d hJ Sf G rd e,f ud,xu,xausmif; use;f rma&;q&m0ef/ 1981 ckEpwif rdprf;EG@J (enf;jy/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; k f l kd f Sf G ynmoifausmif;/ armfvrdifrd) ESifh vufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkifaq;ukocef; zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifonf? rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J (A[d) wGif wGzuftwGi;f a&;r; (1) wm0ef,conf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwif f kd k J l hJ S bmvwGif rGejf ynfopfygwo@kd ay;yd@k onft=uHypmESiywfoufI pmrltm; jyifqifay;onf[qum D h hf k kd Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H z;d a&;aumifpEihf rGejf ynfopfygwt=um; txiftjrifvrm;atmif kfH DS D JG S vkyonf[pypI 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) jzifh axmif'%f (7) ESpf csrwjf cif; f k G f JG hS H_ f S cHc&+y;D / 2004 ckEp/f ZGev (4) &ufae@wif armfvritusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? hJ S f G df G f 13? armfvrifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? Adkvfr;}uD;vGef;wif (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Akvr; }u;D vGe;f wif (t+ir;f pm;) onf armfvrif rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; d f d d J
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (39624) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S f hJ d f kH kk kf_ (7729)jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? armfvrif rd e,f/ aumhEy&mZmwdjzpfonf? rGetrsK;d om; f hJ d SfG f Ak'bmom0ifjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f vif;/ trd a':ode;f arwk@d rS 1921 ckEp/f rwfv (2) &ufae@wif < S G arG;zGm;cJonf? Akvr; }u;D vGe;f wif (t+ir;f pm;) onf 1928 ckEprS 1932 ckEptxd ajrmif;jrrd / atbDtrf h d f d Sf Sf trsK;d orD;tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1932 ckEprS 1941 ckEptxd ajrmif;jrrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d Sf Sf wGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJI 1941-42 ckEp/f ppfjzpfcsewif Oypmatmufwef; h S df G txd &efue,eAmpDwaumvdywif ynmoif=um;cJonf? Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat) kf lD D f G h G f kd f wGif tjcm;tqifjh zihf 1942 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (1) &ufae@rS 1942 ckEp/f rwfv (16) &ufae@txd/ S D S ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at) wGif t&m&Stqifjh zihf 1942 ckEp/f Zlviv (27) &ufae@rS f D d S kd f 1945 ckEp/f rwfv (26) &ufae@txd/ ArmhrsK;d cspwyfrawmf (bDytufz) wGif t&m&Stqihjf zihf 1945 S f D f d ckEp/f rwfv (27) &ufae@rS 1945 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (31) &ufae@txd Ekiiwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifchJ S S d f hH onf? 1945 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (1) &ufae@wif *ENpmcsKyt&zJ@G pnf;aom Armhwyfrawmfwif jyefwrf;0if S D G D f G t&m&Sjd zpfvmcJonf? oeu (5) wGif wyf&if;r;tjzpf 1953 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@rS 1953 ckEp/f h S f S atmufwbmv (2) &ufae@txd/ cv& (22) wGif wyf&if;r;tjzpf 1953 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (3) kd S kd &ufae@rS 1955 ckEp/f Zlviv (28) &ufae@txd cv& (6) wGif wyf&if;r;tjzpf 1955 ckEp/f Zlviv S kd f S kd f (29) &ufae@rS 1957 ckEp/f rwfv (29) &ufae@txd/ cv& (14) wGif wyf&if;r;tjzpf 30-3-1957 S ckEp/f rwfv (30) &uf ae@rS 1958 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (18) &ufae@txd/f trSwf (11) wyfr[m Xme S S k csKyfwif ,m,Dwyfr[mr;tjzpf 1958 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (19) &ufae@rS 1959 ckEp/f arv (19) &uf G S k S ae@txd/ trSwf (1) wyfr[mXmecsKyfwif ,m,Dwyfr[mr;tjzpf 1959 ckEp/f arv (25) &ufae@rS G S 1961 ckEp/f =o*kwv (16) &ufae@txd/ trSwf (7) wyfr[mXmecsKyfwif wyfr[mr;tjzpf 1961 S f G ckEp/f =o*kwv (17) &ufae@rS 1963 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (15) &ufae@txd/ taemufajrmufwi;f S f S D kd ppfXmecsKyfwi;f r;tjzpf 1963 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (16) &ufae@rS 1965 ckEp/f {+yv (29) &ufae@txd/ dk S D S D 1965 ckEp/f {+yv (29) &ufae@rpI u-u-csKyf (=unf;) od@k wJzufwm0ef/ taemufajrmufwi;f S D S G kd ppfXmecsKywif wki;f r;tjzpfaqmif&upOf bke;f }u;D ta&;tcif;Y yg0ifywfoufrj_ zihf 1965 ckEp/f pufwif f G d G f S bmv (1) &ufae@rS 1967 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (27) &ufae@txd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? umuG,f S k hJ a&;Xme aumifpne=f um;csutrSwf (164)/ tyd'f (6-1) t& 1968 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (25) &ufae@rS D f k S D pI ppfrxrf;aqmifjcif;rS&yfpcc&I 1968 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd trSwf (1) pufr0ef}u;D Xme !$e=f um; _ J H hJ Sf Sf _ a&;r;csKyf/ 1978 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd tvkyorm;Xme!$e=f um;a&;r;csKyf/ 1981 ckEprS 1983 ckEpf Sf Sf f Sf S txd tvkyorm;Xme t=uay;yk*Kd~ vftjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rkd f H G f hJ Sf D ua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;+yD;onfaemuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfo@kd 0ifconf? rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif; h kd hJ fJ rsm;tzJ@G A[dtvkytr_aqmif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dO;D pD;ESihf rGejf ynfe,fpnf;H;k a&; aumfrwD k f kd k 0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? jyefwrf;0if wyfrawmft&m&StrSwf (=unf;-3618) jzpfonf? 1962 ckEp/f G f hJ d S rwfv (2) &ufae@wif tm%modr;f cJonfh AdvcsKyf}u;D ae0if;OD;aqmifaom awmfvea&;aumifpwif G h k f Sf D G awmfvea&;aumifpa=unmcsutrSwf (34) jzifh 1962 ckEp/f Zlviv (5) &ufae@wif awmfvea&; Sf D f S kd f G Sf aumifp0iftjzpf cef@tyfcc&onf? jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfygw0ifvnf;jzpfconf? D H hJ kd S f h D hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wyfr; a[mif;rsm; tzJ@G 0iftjzpf yg0if Sf D kd v_y&m;cJonf? vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if (yxrqif)/ Edii*%&nf (yxrqif)/ oD&yscs/D aZ,sausmxif/ fS h f G h k f hH k f h d H f oD[AvwHqyw@dk tygt0if qkwqyf (7) ck&&Sconf? 1951 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (9) &ufae@wif a':oef; df H d d hJ S D G =unfEivufxyfconf? 1991 ckEp/f rwfv (26) &ufae@wif jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onfh A[dtvkytr_ S hf hJ S G k f aqmiftzG@J wif tzG@J 0iftjzpf wd;k jriwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 1996 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (9) G hf hJ S kd &ufaewif topfjyefvnfzJG pnf;onfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[daumfrwDY A[dtvkytr_ G kd k k f aqmifaumfrwD0if/ rGejf ynfe,fwm0efctjzpf wm0ef ay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv H hJ S (16) &ufae@wif zG@J pnf;cJonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDwif tzG@J 0ifjzpfvmcJonf? 2003 G h $ f kd f G h ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@nwGijf zpfym;cJonfh tm%mydirsm;ud,wif yg0ifywfoufppOfusL;vGeconfh S G h kf k f kd D f hJ 'Dy,if;aoG; acsmif;pD;vky=f uwucuowfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfym;t+y;D wGif aetdrtus,csKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xde;f J H kd f kd f G f f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc& +y;D 2003 ckEp/f Ed0if bmv (24) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? 1951 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v hJ S k G G f S D (9) &ufae@wif a':oef;=unfEivufxyfc+hJ yD;/ orD; a':vJvwif/ om; OD;oef;vSEihf OD;rif;atmif/ G S hf h hJ S orD; a':tdtwifw@kd tygt0if om;av;a,muf/ orD;ESpa,mufxe;f um;onf? d f G u|eawmfonf armfvrickif uwk;d aumhEy&mrSaeI Armhvwvyfa&; wyfrawmf (bDtif f df d SfG G f dk at) ESihf vkuygvmcJonf? bm;tHo@kd a&mufaomtcg Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat) Xme d f h G f dk f csKyf&&m ,d;k ',m;e,fpyf &[ki;f bufo@kd c&D;qufc.? &[di;f Y *syefjyefAvr;kd (ocifat;armif) OD;aqmif dS d hJ k kd f aomwyfz@JG uz@JG pnf;&mwGif yg0if+y;D vufeufrsm;udk vufc&&Sonf? vufeufrsm;rSm wyfz@JG 0ifO;D a&xuf kd H d rsm;aeonftwGuf ydv#aomvufeufrsm;udo,fum awmtxyfxyfawmiftxyfxyfjzwfI zmyGef h k H k vrf;bufo@kd cswuf=uonf? cswuf&mvrf;wav#mufY u&if&mrSty rnfonf&mr#r&S? acsmif;ud D D G hG d acsmif;=um;/ ajrmif;udajrmif;=um; auG@ywfumcswufc=hJ uonf? xrif;vnf; iwfconf? od@k aomf D hJ vGwvyfa&; wkuytwGuf pdw"mwfrmrl wufujG yif;xefvsu&onf? ppfawmif;jrpftaemufbuf f d f JG f S f dS urf;od@k a&muf&onftcseY tajrmuforsm;/ Ak;H =uorsm;ud=k um;&aoma=umifh wyfz@JG rm &yfwef@om; dS h d f H J H S G onf? xkaemuf t*Fvyav,mOfysrsm;. vma&mufwuciruc&onf? ppfawmif;jrpf 'Da&twuf d df H dk f dk f _ kd H tusEitwl tavmif;rsm;rSm a&pka&qefEihf twlajrmygonfuawG@&onf? wmqkY bDtiat S hf H S kd H dk f wyfom;rsm;onf t*Fvyw@dk . ,E &m;wyfz@JG Eihf awG@qwuyjJG zpfym;&mrS taotaysmufrsm;&Sonfukd df W S Hk dk f G d vnf;=um;&onf? xkae&mYyif av,mOfysypfcwfenf;/ aoewfypfcwfenf;rsm;udk u|eawmfw@dk tjyif; d H f txefavhusi&onf? hf xkrwqifh bDtiatwyfz@JG onf&efuebufo@kd cswuf=ujyef&m u|eawmfw@dk yg0ifaomwyfz@JG dS dk f kf D f Y wyfpk (1) wyfpr; tjzpfu|eawmf/ wyfpr; (2) tjzpf Advte;f a&$ (jynfwi;f aomif;use;f r_Ereif;&mwGif k f k k f k G dS f rkwrbufY usq;Hk onf)/ wyfpk (3) wyfpr; tjzpf ,d;k ',m;rSygvmaom ,d;k ',m;aygujf refrmvlrsK;d W k Advbatmif/ wyfpk (4) wyfpr; tjzpf ,d;k ',m;jrefrmujym; (,d;k ',m;emrnfjzpfonftwGuf rrSwrd k f k h f awmh) wk@d u wm0ef,=l u&umwyfz@JG udk AdvawZ (AdvcsKyfatmifqef;) u OD;pD;onf? u|Eyw@dk wyfz@JG . k f k f fk f *syefppft&m&Srm rpPwmxku&jzpfonf? dS d f wnwGif rE av;vrf;udjk zwfausm&efty &efuebufrwufvmaom &efo@l um;wyf}u;D W f kf S rsm;udk awG@&&onf? txuftrde@f t& xkum;wyf}uD;rsm;udk wkucijf cif;rybJ ajr}uD;ay: Y0yf+yD; dS d d f dk
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ydrjdk yif;xefvmonf? Oyrm Aef;armfEihf a&$*t=um;vrf;c&D;Y ppfa=umif;r;AdvaZ,sEitzG@J ukd *syef k S l k f S hf wyfuzrf;qD;xm;a=umif;owif;ud&&Sonftcgwif rcHr&yfEijf zpf=uum AdvaZ,svwajrmufa&; k d h G dk k f G f twGuf *syefwyfuwucu&ef ud;yrf;vmonftxd jzpfc&onf? aemufq;Hk wGif AdvaZ,stm; kd dk f dk f hJ k f *syefw@dk u tav#may;umjyefvnf v$way;vku&awmhonf? Aef;armfrwqifh u|eawmfw@dk wyfrawmf h f d f S f onf rE av;ok@d jyefvnfp;Hk um (bD-tki-at) udzsuor;f +yD; (bD-'D-at) udk ArmhumuG,a&; W k df k f d f wyfrawmftjzpf ajymif;vJz@JG pnf;cJygonf? h Adkvf[oFm (Adkvfr;}uD;a[mif; vGef;wif) tDZkrd,xwfpka&m *syefbmomjzifha&;om;I 'kAdkvfr;}uD;oD[Avjraomif; (t+idrf;pm;)/ *syef bmomrS wduujf refrmjyefonfh &Jabmfo;kH usyEihf rDemrDv#Kd 0SutzG@J pmtky/f yxrt}urf (1976) k f kd dfS f d twGua&;onfh trSmpmrS f 14? armfvrifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;csrf;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;csr;f at;onf armfvrif rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (36508) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 2) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ysO;f rem;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;v_i/f trd a':pdew@dk rS 1927 ckEp/f pufwifbmv hJ d f S (24) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? i,femrnf OD;wifa&$/ uavmifemrnf armifp;l prf;/ awmwGi;f emrnf G h OD;xGe;f az (c) OD;csr;f at;onf uefawmfuav;jrLausmif;/ A[ktpk;d & txufwef;ausmif;(txu d (1) vom) wd@k wif ppfrjzpfru ynmoif=um;cJI 1941 ckEpwif (8) wef;atmifjrifconf? 1938G D h Sf G hJ 39 ckEp/f ausmif;om;oydwEifh tpmiwfcwuyrsm;wGif wef;jrifausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ 1943 S f S H dk f GJ h ckEpwif r*Fvm'Hrvwef;ppfwuUovf (a,meif;) tywfpOf (1) od@k wufa&mufconf? 1945 ckEp/f Sf G kl dk hJ S zufqpfawmfvea&;wGif om,m0wD/ OuUEifh yJc;l cdiw@dk wif ajymufusm;acgi;f aqmif/ 1945-46 S f H S kf G ckEpwif wuUov0ifpmar;yJatmifjrifconf? 1946-47 ckEp/f &efuewuUovf Auorsm;tzJ@G csKyf Sf G kd f G hJ S kf kd wJzuftwGi;f a&;r;/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;/ OuU/ 1949 ckEpwif 0dZm (c) abm*aA'*k%x;l wef;wuf G Sf G f aepOf Armjynfuejf rLepfygwD (Auy) awmck&mod@k vkuygom;cJonf? xkpOf OD;csr;f at;onf &efuef G d d f G h d k ckif (Auy) ,l*stjzpfEihf &efueo@dk r=umc%a&mufI &efuewuUovausmif;om;nD!wa&;wyfO;D rS d D S kf kf dk f G f ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESiaqG;aEG;jcif;/ Auy.oabmxm;udk !$e=f um;pOf OD;csr;f at;tm; 1956 hf ckEp/f rwfv (31) &ufae@wif z-q-y-v tpk;d &ESiaphpyfaqG;aEG;&ef Auyud,pm;vS,tjzpf wm0ef S G hf k f f ay;apv$wonf? aphpyfaqGaEG;&mwGif AuyA[ku Ekiia&;tajccHjzihf yvky&ef ne=f um;aomfvnf; f d dfH f OD;csr;f at;urvkuemojzifh wki;f aumfrwDtqifwm0efrS kyor;f +yD; ygw0iftjzpfrvnf; (9) v d f d h f d D S &yfpxm;cJonf? xktcg OD;csr;f at;u ygwrEwxucihf y&ef Auyod@k pma&;wifjy&m A[duvufrcHchJ J h d DSk f G fG k ay? xktcsecijhf zihaexdipOf OD;csr;f at;onf ppfwrf;wapmif (aemifwif csr;f at;ppfwrf;[k trnfwif d dfG f kf G G cJonf) udk ypk+y;D AuyA[do@dk wifjycJonf? xkppfwrf;.tESpom&rSm AuyA[d. (48) ckEp/f Zefe0g&v h k h d f k S D vrf;pOfjzpfaom vufeufuiawmfvea&;vrf;pOfukd jyefvnfo;kH oyfI vufeufuivrf;pOfupe@f +y;D kd f Sf kd f kd G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ygvref'rua&pDenf;t& wkuy0if&efjzpfonf? xkvrf;pOfu AuyA[du vufrcHy,fcsconf? 1957 D D dk d f GJ d k hJ ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (8) &ufae@wif &efuef rd wGif v#Kd 0Suvy&m;vsu&aom OD;csr;f at;udk wyfrawmf S D G k f _fS f dS axmufvr;f a&;rS zrf;qD;&rdconf? xkpOf OD;csr;f at;onf zqyv tpk;d & jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D OD;xGe;f 0if; S hJ d xHo@kd csr;f at;ppfwrf;udwifjycJonf? ,if;ppfwrf;a=umifh &Jabmfcsr;f at;tjrifre&oGm;+y[k z-qk h Sf D y-v tpd;k &u,H=k unfum 1957 ckEp/f {+yv (5) &ufae@wif cH0efuwdjzihjf yefvway;+y;D xkae@rmyif S D G $ f d S tpd;k &cGihf ycsua=umifh owif;pmq&mrsm;ESiawG@qum owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJG yvkyciay;cJonf? if; f hf kH f G hf h wifjyaom csr;f at;ppfwrf;ukvnf; yHEyxwa0cGihf ycJonf? 1957 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS Oya'bJ@G d k dS f k f h Sf G f kf kd f &,l+y;D Oya'ynm&Si/f pma&;q&mESiowif;pmq&m/ 1957-58 ckEpwif z-q-y-v 0ef}u;D jrefrmh hf Sf G tvif;OD;wif. pDpOfay;csut& jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwGif pD;yGm;a&;t,f'wmjzpfconf? 0ef}uD; f D hJ a[mif; OD;xGe;f 0if; (wnf+rJ z-q-y-v) OuUtjzpfaqmif&uaom A[dvufum;or0g,rtoif; G f k wGif OD;xGe;f 0if;.zdwac:csut& or0g,roifwef; uxdu/ pHawmfcseowif;pm (rxkwjf zpfc) t,f'D f f df hJ wmcsKyfwm0efw@dk ukd aqmif&uconf? ,if;ok@d aqmif&upOf OD;xGe;f 0if;ESihf Ekiia&;udprsm;jiif;cHaqG;aEG; G f hJ G f dfH P k &mrS OD;csr;f at;onf Auy &yfwnfcsutwki;f &yfwnfcsurajymif;vJ/ wnfjrJ z-q-y-v udvnf; f d f k apmfum;ykwcwfonf[qum 1960 jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (2) &ufae@wif tvkyr&yfpconf? f k dk hS kd G k f S J hJ 1961-62 ckEpwif rSeeef;pD;yGm;a&;owif;pOf (ae@pOfxw) ESihf rSeeef;*sme,f (tywfpOf) wk@d wif Sf G f k f f G t,f'DwmcsKyfwm0ef,lcJhonf? ,if;rSefeef;*sme,fonf 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@wGif tm%modr;f cJaom AdvcsKyf}u;D ae0if;OD;aqmifonfh awmfvea&;aumifp. qk&,vpfp;D yGm;a&;pepfukd h k f Sf D dS f uqa=umif; axmufca&;om;cJonf? 1964 ckEpwif awmfvea&;tpd;k & jyef=um;a&;/ or0g,rESifh d dk H h Sf G Sf trsKd;om;pDrHudef;0ef}uD;Xmewdk@wGif txl;t&m&Sd/ xkdrS pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfausmif;oHk; qkd&S,fvpf abm*aA'pmtkyudk OD;wifa&$ (bDat/ abm*aA'*k%x;l / bDt,fv) trnfjzihf ypkconf? xk@d jyif f f f hJ Ediiawmfu;l oef;a&mif;0,fa&;b%f 'guwmvl}u;D / pD;yGm;a&;wuUovf ynma&;tzJ@G 0if/ jyifyuxdu kfH dk f kd pmppfr; wm0efw@kd ukd aqmif&uconf? awmfvea&;tpd;k &.tpDtpOfjzihf *seAmul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; G f hJ Sf DD tzJ@G 0ifrsm;tpnf;ta0;ESifh 1964 ckEp/f tjynfjynfqi&m or0g,rES;D aESmzvS,yw@kd o@dk wufa&mufchJ S dk f f GJ onf? 1966 ckEpwif pD;yGm;a&;pDrue;f rsm;a&;qGjJ cif;ESiywfoufI awmfvea&;aumifpEihf t,ltq Sf G H d hf Sf DS rukunojzifh tvkyrEwxuI armfvrio@kd ajymif;a&$+y;D aemuf A[dw&m;H;k a&Saetjzpf touf d f D fSk f G f df k arG;&if; armif;pl;prf;trnfjzihf pmrsm;a&;om;cJonf? pD;yGm;vGeacwf/ ig;rsuEmESihf pD;yGm;a&;vl/ h f fS a,mrif;}uD;.pD;yGm;a&; tawG;tac:ponfjzifh pmtkyfrsm;a&;om;cJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif yxrZeD; a':oef;oef;uG,veom;I ,ckvuf&ZeD; a':cifcspf (tv,fwef;jy) ESihf 1973 ckEpwif f Gf G dS Sf G vufxyfconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D t+y;D wGif trsK;d om; hJ hS Sf D kd 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfo@dk 0ifa&mufI A[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ A[dO;D pD;tzJ@G 0if/ rGejf ynfe,fpnf;H;k kd k f k a&;r;wm0efw@dk ,conf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. *ENq;kH jzwfcsutwki;f e0wtpd;k &xHrS v$wf l hJ kd D f d awmfac:,lcir&vsif vkyaqmifoifonfh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,pmwrf;udk wkiyifaqG;aEG;a&;om;ypk&mwGif G hf f h f df yg0ifconftwGuf oufqi&mrSzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtuf hJ h dk f hJ hS H_ Oya' yk'r (5) (u) (c) (n) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 11 (n) ESihf f _ S GJ f +ipe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG dG f dk f f f D kH D kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif rS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? aemif (10) ESptwGi;f S G h f yvkyrnfa&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (9) &ufae@ f h JG S d f G hf kd f hJ S D wGif OD;csr;f at;udiaqmifonfh w&m;H;k csKyfa&SaevdipiftrSwf (1131) tm; kyor;f jcif;cHc&+y;D a&Sae kf kf f d hJ tjzpfryg xkwy,fjcif;cHc&onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrvnf; rlt& 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v S f hJ kd S S D (24) &ufaewif ygw0iftjzpfrxwy,fay;cJ&onf? 1992 ckEp/f arv (15) &ufaewif tif;pdef G D S k f h S G tusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? G f 15? a&;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmrif;pdk;vif;/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? a'guwmrif;pd;k vif;onf a&;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J tm; f J f kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (14992) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (61 37) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;omcif.om; jzpfonf? 1957 ckEp/f =o*kwv (31) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ S f G a&;rd e,f/ aumh'e;f aus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? a'guwmrif;pd;k vif;onf rlvwef;ynmudk aumh'e;f aus;&Gm G f G wGivnf;aumif;/ tv,fwef;ESihf txufwef;ynmudk rk'kH rdwGivnf;aumif;/ wuUovynmudk f f kd f armfvria'oaumvdyEiaq;wuUovf (2)/ r*Fvm'Hwivnf;aumif; oif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1985 ckEpwif df f S hf kd k Gf Sf G q&m0efb@JG (M.B.B.S.) &&Sconf? txufwef;ausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;aumifptwGi;f a&;r;/ d hJ D wuUovausmif;om;b0wGif rGepmayESi,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD (wuUovrsm;/ &efue) tvkytr_ kd f f hf kd f kf f aqmiftzG@J 0if/ aq;wuUovf (2) Ak'bmomtoif; twGi;f a&;r;/ armfvriaq;H}k u;D wGif tvkyoif kd < df f q&m0eftjzpfxrf;aqmifpOf rGetrsK;d om;ae@usi;f ya&;aumfrwD twGi;f a&;r;ESihf OuU/ rGetrsK;d om; f f 'Drua&pDtzG@J (A[d) wGif taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; wm0ef,conf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmvwGif kd k l hJ S rGejf ynfopfygwo@kd ay;yd@k onfh t=uH ypmtm; vufrwa&;xd;k cJojzifh Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf D S f h kfH zG@H z;d a&;aumifpEihf rGejf ynfopfygwt=um; txiftjrifvrm;atmifvyonf[pypI 1950 jynfEp/f DS D JG S kf k G f JG hS ta&;ay:pDrr_ tufOya' yk'r 5 (n) jzifh axmif'%f (7) ESpcsrwjf cif;cHc&+y;D / 2004 ckEp/f ZGev (4) H f f S hJ S f &ufae@wif armfvritusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? G df G f 16? a&;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwm=uifodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwm=uifoe;f onf a&;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (13879) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (64 88) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;baiG/ trd a':vSwifw@dk rS 1941 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (12) &ufae@wif hJ S k G arG;zGm;cJonf? wGaw;rd e,f/ ysO;f uwk;d &GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'guwm=uifoe;f onf 1959-60 ckEpwif h H f d Sf G &efuerdpdeaygausmif;rS ocsm/ "mwkaA'*k%x;l wk@d jzifh wuUov0ifwef; atmifjrifconf? 1968 k f F f kd f hJ ckEpwif r*Fvm'Haq;wuUovf (2) rS q&m0efb@JG &&Sconf? 1967 ckEpwif oxHk rd ol a':0if;=unf Sf G k dk d hJ Sf G (bDat) ESihf tdraxmifusconf? 1969 ckEpwif em*awmifwef;a'o av&S;D rd Y q&m0ef/ 1972 f hJ Sf G ckEpwif oxHjk ynfo@l aq;Hk vufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1974 ckEpwif rk'kH rd e,f/ urm0uf&m wdue,f Sf G Sf G G k f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f q&m0ef/ 1976 ckEpwif a&;rd wGif rd e,fuse;f rma&; t&m&S/d 1981 ckEpwif a&;rd jynfo@l aq;HY Sf G Sf G k rd e,fq&m0ef/ 1986 ckEpwif wm0efrEwxuc+hJ y;D a&;rd wGif tajccsaexdiI ud,yiaq;ukor_ Sf G Sk f G f kf k f kd f vkyief;vkyuiconf? 1996 ckEp/f Zlviv (1) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG f f kd f hJ S kd f G D kH D kd usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif;a=unmcJonf? f $ f kd f f f G f h 17? oxHkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? cGefjrifhxGef; (armifjrifhxGef;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGejf rifxe;f onf oxHk rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h G J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&mckivrJ (25075) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 41) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;zke;f cif/ trd a':cifat;wd@k rS 1963 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (12) &ufae@wif hJ S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? odrqyaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? cGejf rifxe;f onf 1979 ckEpwif tajccHynmtxuf h f df h G Sf G wef;atmifjrifconf? 1983 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS odyH` (blraA') bJ@G &&Sconf? wuUovrS hJ Sf G kf kd f d d hJ dk f xGu+f yD;aemuf rdbrsm;ESitwl 'l;&if;oD;vkyief;/ rke@f rsK;d pHvyief;wk@d ukd vkyuiconf? trjzpfo. hf f k kf f kd f hJ l usL&Siausmif;wGivnf; vufaxmufusL&Siq&mtjzpf oif=um;ay;cJz;l onf? 1996 ckEp/f =o*kwv f f f h S f (20) &ufae@wif jypfrqi&mOya'yk'r 122 (2) Ediiawmf opPmazmufzsuyeuefrj_ zifh axmif'%f G _ kd f f kfH fkf (7) ESpf jypf'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 22-8-96 &ufae@xwowif;pmrsm;wGif tdE,Ediitajcpduf S hJ k f dN k f H k v_y&m;vsu&aom trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS a'guwmwifaqGO;D pD;aomtzG@J u jynfwi;f &Sd trsK;d fS f dS kd f h G om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyrS OD;'daxmif; (uav;rd )/ cGejf rifxe;f (oxHk rd ) tygt0if (19) OD;tm; qufo,I kd f k h G G f jynfyoifwef;od@k oifwef;om;rsm; apv$way;&ef/ vH@_ aqmf0g'jzef@pmapmifrsm;jzef@a0&eftjyif rH&mrd Y f kG jynfytkyp. v#Kd 0Su;kH cGzivp&efaqmif&ucjhJ cif;rsm;twGuf zrf;qD;ta&;,l&a=umif; azmfjyxm; fk f J G hf S f G f onf? 2003 ckEp/f =o*kwv (1) &ufae@wif bl;oD;awmifaxmifrS jyefvnfvwajrmufonf? S f G G f 18? oxHkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;armifonf oxHk rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,f J kd f k pm;yI0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (2479&) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mckiEe;f (67 56) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k df_ jcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;jyef@/ trd a':wifw@dk rS 1927 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (20) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ h S k G h atmifyef;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef;armifonf arrd wGif (8) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1946 h ckEp/f arv (24) &ufae@wif arrd/ A[dtif*sie,mwyfo@kd wyfom;tjzpf pwif0ifa&mufconf? S G k fD hJ 1949-50 ckEpwif ol&aumif;rSwwrf;0if bJ@G wqy&cJonf? 1953 ckEpwif arrd Akvoifwef;ausmif; Sf G J f H df h Sf G d f tywfpOf (10) od@k wufa&mufconf? ,if;aemuf ajcv#iwyf&if;trSwf (13) wGif wm0efus+y;D armfv hJ f ri/f bm;tH/ aumhu&dw/f xm;0,f/ zmyGef rd rsm;wGif wyfcr; tqif/h 1963 ckEpwif oeu (1) oxH/k d GJ Sf G wyfcr; ESippfa=umif;r;/ 1965 ckEprS 1968 ckEptxd oxHk rd evuOuU/ 1968 ckEprS 1970 jynfEpf GJ hf Sf Sf Sf hS txd weoFm&Dr@d evu OuU/ 1970-71 ckEpwif ucsiaoewfuiwyf&if; (2)/ bm;tHrd / xkrS Sf G f dk f d arSmbAvoifwef;ausmif;ok@d ajymif;a&$cJonf? 1977 ckEpf wGif trSwf (6) wki;f A[davhusia&;pcef; f D kd f h S d k hf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tkwwi;f wyfr; / 1985 ckEpwif oufjynfyifpifjzihwyfrawmfrS t+idr;f pm;,lconf? oxHk rde,f f G S f G h f hJ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif tvkytr_aqmif/ oxHk rd e,frsK;d csp&abmf a[mif;rsm;tzJ@G wif OuU kd G f fJ G wm0efw@dk ,conf? 1996 ckEp/f Zlviv (5) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS l hJ S kd f G $ f kd f f Ekwxuf a=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? f G D kH D kd JG f h 19? oHjzLZ&yfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifarmif}uD; (t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmif}u;D onf oHjzLZ&yfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf J kd tm; ud,pm;yI0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (12250) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (50 71) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;bd;k pde.om; jzpfonf? 1920 jynfEp/f {+yv (1) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ f hS D G armfvrif rd Zmwdjzpfonf? armfvrd tpk;d &txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) atmifjrif+y;D &efuewuUovf d kf kd wGif (bDtufpp) txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmfwif Advav;/ ArmhumuG,a&; fD h G f G k f f wyfrawmf r*Fvm'HppfwuUovf wwd,ywfAvavmif;oifwef;qif;/ ppfO;D pD;/ ppfO;D pD;csKyfAvr; }u;D k dk kd f dk f aZ,s.tyg;awmfjr/J awmfvea&;wGif rif;wke;f e,fY AkvcsKyfatmifqef;.vHk ca&;wyfz@GJ 0if Akvav;/ Sf d f H d f 1945 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (28) &ufae@wif a&wyfjyefwrf;0if/ 1967 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (10) &ufae@wif S k G S k G 'kw,Akvr; }u;D tqifjh zifh t+ir;f pm;,lconf? txl;wm0efrsm;tjzpf 1958 ckEprS 1960 jynfEptxd d d f d hJ Sf hSf tvkyorm;Xme/ 'kw,!$e=f um;a&;r;csKyfEifh &efueqyurf;txl;rif;}u;D / awmfvea&;tpd;k & vuf f d S kf df Sf xuf ta&Sawmifwi;f vtu 'kw,OuU/ 1964 ckEp/f {+yv (17) &ufae@rS 1966 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v dk d S D S D (20) &ufae@txd v,fopf wJzuftwGi;f 0efEifh opfvyief;tzJ@G 'kw,OuU/ A[kq&,vpfp;D yGm; G S kf d d kd S f wnfaqmufa&;aumfrwDtzJ@G 0if/ Ekiia&;aqmif&ucsursm;tjzpf 1939 ckEpwif 'k@d Armtpnf;tH;k dfH G f f Sf G od@k pwif0ifa&mufonf? &efuef rd / prf;acsmif;&yfuuv;Hk qki&m 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k udk pwifwnfaxmif k G f df olwOD;jzpf+yD;/ tpnf;tHk;.wGJzuftwGif;a&;r;/ wyfr;}uD;a[mif;rsm;ESihf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ wJzuftwGi;f a&;r;/ rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G em,utzJ@G 0if/ Armh vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if (yxr G fJ f G qih)/ aZ,sausmxifb@GJ Eihf ol&aumif;rSwwrf;0ifw@kd &cJonf? ZeD;a':pde&Eifh om; (1) a,muf/ orD; f f S J f h fDS (4) a,muf xGe;f um;onf? 20? oHjzLZ&yfre,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? J EdkifxGef;odef;/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? Edixe;f ode;f onf oHjzLZ&yfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J tm; kf G J f kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (13471) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 86) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;atmif'e;f .om;jzpfonf? 1917 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (31) &ufae@zm; hJ G S kd G jzpfonf? Edixe;f ode;f onf 1938 ckEp/f arvwGif t*Fvy-jrefrm (10) wef; atmifjrifconf? 1945 kf G S df hJ ckEp/f rwfvwGif odyb@JG (B.Sc.) &&Sconf? 1946 ckEpwif &mrnwdi;f vH;k qdi&m rGetzG@J csKyf taxGaxG S H` d hJ Sf G k kf f twGi;f a&;r;/ 1947-48 ckEpwif usKd uur(*) e,f ynmtky/f 1949 ckEprS 1958 ckEptxd vufeufuif Sf G f QD Sf Sf kd rGeajratmufawmfvea&;tzG@J acgi;f aqmif/ 1958 ckEprS 1963 ckEptxd Oya'abmiftwGi;f rGejf ynf f Sf Sf Sf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ol@wyfO;D tzG@J taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1963 ckEprS 1969 ckEptxd armfvrif G f hJ Sf Sf d axmifwif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? 1969 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd armfvrif rd / rGetrsK;d om; G hJ Sf Sf d f ae@usi;f ya&;aumfrwD em,u/ rGepmayyiyqyfaumfrwDOuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? rGetrsK;d om; f d f JG G f hJ f 'Drua&pDtzG@J (A[d)wGif OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ppftm%m&Sif kd k G f hJ kd rsm;u 1990 jynfEp/f a&G;aumufy&v'ftm; taumiftxnfazmfray;ojzifh wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk hS JG k jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;yg0ifonfh jynfo@l vwawmfw&yfukd r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpfa=umif;/ $ f kd f f $ f 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (21) &ufae@wif a=unmcJt+y;D ppftm%m&Sirsm;u wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkEiia&; S f G h f k kd f H ygwacgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfol Edixe;f ode;f tm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJonf? 2002 ckEp/f atmufwbmv D kf G h S kd (23) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD (pDtm&fyy) wd;k cs@J z@JG pnf;onftcg rGetrsK;d om; G $ f kd f DD h f 'Drua&pD tzG@J . ud,pm;vS,tjzpf yg0ifvmcJonf? kd k f f h (11) &cdkifjynfe,f?
jrefrmEdii.taemufbuftusq;kH jynfe,fjzpfonf? taemufajrmufbufwif b*Fvm; kfH G a'h&fS orRwEdii/H ajrmufbufwif csi;f jynfe,f/ ta&Sbufwif rauG;wdi;f / yJc;l wdi;f ESi{&m0wDwi;f / kf G G k k hf kd taemuf bufEiawmifbufwif b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfw@kd wnf&onf? ajrmufvwWw'f (17) 'D*&D S hf G dS D G (30) rdepfEihf (21) 'D*&D (30) rdepftwGi;f / ta&Savmif*sw'f (92) 'D*&D (10) rdepfEihf (94) 'D*&D (50) S D G S rdepftwGi;f wnf&onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (14200) us,0ef;onf? jynfe,frd awmfrm ppfawGrd dS kf f S jzpfonf? &cdijf ynfe,fwif rJqENe,f (26) e,fY Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (20) cktm; ud,pm;y ,SOf yif k G kfH D k f d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ol v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (148) OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (4) OD;/ pkpaygi;f f kd f f ~ f kd f f k (152) OD;0if a&muf,Of yic=hJ u&m &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (11) ae&m/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS S df k f D kd kd (9) ae&m/ trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&;'Dru&ufwpfygwrS (4) ae&m/ rd (ac: ) crDtrsK;d om; nD!wa&; hf kd D G f tzG@J Eihf ureftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD;a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? S kd f 1? ausmufawmfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmxGef;at;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmxGe;f at;onf ausmufawmfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &cdi'rua&pD tzG@J csKyf f J k f D kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (12937) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (46 84) jzifh k f S f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;aom=um/ trd a':rcdiausmw@kd rS 1954 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v f hJ kf h S D (10) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? rif;jym;rd / atmuf&mydi;f &yfuuZmwdjzpfonf? a'guwmxGe;f at; G h G k G f f onf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;ESihf txufwef;ynm&yfrsm;udk rif;jym;awmifyi;f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;ESihf kd rif;jym;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif oif=um;cJ&m (8) wef;wGif *k%x;l (2) bmom/ tajccHynm G h f txufwef;wGif *k%x;l (3) bmomjzifh xl;c|epmatmifjrifcojzifh a&$wqyqrsm;cs;D jrijhf cif;cHc&onf? f fG hJ H df k hJ 1971 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf (2)/ &efueo@kd 0ifci&&Sd cJonf? 1975 ckEp/f ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif Sf G kd kf G hf h S yg0ifacgi;f aqmifcI &ufaygi;f (140) cef@zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? xd@k aemuf ausmif;jyef hJ hJ wufci&cJonf? 1978 ckEpwif a':vSat;EkEihf vufxyfconf? 1980 jynfEpwif q&m0efb@JG &&SchJ G hf h Sf G S hJ hSf G d onf? ajrmufOuUvmyaq;Hwif tvkyoifq&m0eftjzpf (1) ESpwm0ef xrf;aqmifconf? 1981 k G f f hJ ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd ausmufawmfrd e,for0g,raq;cef;q&m0ef/ xd@k aemuf tvkyrxuI &cdif Sf Sf fS G f k 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKywif twGi;f a&;r; (1) tjzpf aqmif&uconf? ausmufawmfrd wGif ud,yiaq;ukcef; kd f G G f hJ k f kd f zGivpaexdionf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKytm; y,fzsuvua=umif; hf S f k f S G k f D kd f f kd f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf D kH D kd JG f h k f D kd ysujf y,fom;onftwGuf a'guwmxGe;f at;onf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+yD; woD;yk*vtoGio@kd a&muf&dS G h f D G ~ f oGm;cJ&onf? h 2? ausmufawmfre,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? J OD;pHomatmif/ r (ac: ) crD trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@? OD;pHomatmifonf ausmufawmfrde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif rd (ac: ) crDtrsKd;om; nD!Gwfa&; tzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (15801) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (55 44) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1942 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (28) &ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? OD;pH+yde@f .om;jzpfonf? OD;pHomatmifonf 1963 ckEpwif wef;jrifausmif;xGuf pmar;yGatmifjrifchJ S f G h J onf? 1966 ckEpwif rlvwef;q&mtjzpf tr_xrf;cJonf? 1974 ckEpwif tvkyorm;a&;&moifwef; Sf G h Sf G f wufa&mufcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ygwDuvyfpnf;acgif;aqmif/ ygwDpdwfaumfrwD/ ygwD pdwftwGif;a&;r;/ xdk@aemuf rde,fjynfol@aumifpDtzGJ@0if/ tvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifESifh twGif;a&;r;wm0efwdk@udkaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@wGif rd (ac: ) crD
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@udkwnfaxmifI A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ OuUwm0ef,lcJhonf? 2005 ckESpfwGif &efukefwdkif;/ arSmfbDrde,f anmifESpfyifpcef;Y qufvufusif;ycJhonfh etztrsKd;om; nDvmcHodk@ a&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fcHxm;&aomudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJ@rS yg0ifwufa&mufcJh onf? 3? ausmufjzLre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;qef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef;armifonf ausmufjzLrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; J kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (14848) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 00) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;omxGe;f pH.om; jzpfonf? 1926 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (11) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ S k G ausmufjzLrdZmwdjzpfonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif ausmufjzLrdtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef; atmifjrifconf? 1948 ckEpwif wyfrawmf (av) od@k 0ifa&mufconf? 1952 ckEpwif arrd wyfr hJ Sf G hJ Sf G h k awmf (=unf;) Advoifwef;od@k wufa&mufconf? taumif;qH;k u'uf (Cadet) &cJonf? wyfpr; oif k f hJ wef;/ wyfcr; oifwef;/ tkycsKyfroifwef;/ t&m&Si,fOya'oifwef;wk@d ukd wufa&mufconf? 1969 GJ f _ d hJ ckEpwif trSwf (117) ajcjrefwyf&if;wGif wyf&if;r; ('kAvr; }u;D tqif)/ 1970 jynfEpwif e,fbuf Sf G dk f h hSf G tk;d tdrO;D pD;Xmeok@d ajymif;a&$@tr_xrf;cJonf? 1971 ckEpwif wyfrawmfrS Advr; tqihjf zifh t+ir;f pm;,lchJ f h Sf G k f d onf? tk;d tdrO;D pD;XmewGif txl;t&m&S? xdrS twGi;f a&;r; (tk;d tdraumfrwD)/ 1986 ckEpwif oufjynfh f d k f Sf G yifpif,conf? 1948 ckEprS 1980 jynfEptwGi;f t*Fvef/ tar&duef/ tpPa&;/ taemuf*smr%D/ l hJ Sf hSf awmifu&;D ,m;wk@d o@dk Ekiiwm0efjzihom;a&mufconf? kd dfH f G hJ 4? ausmufjzLre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wif}uD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wif}u;D onf ausmufjzLrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16289) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (77 34) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1926 ckEpzm; jzpfonf? OD;apmxGe;f OD;.om; jzpfonf? OD;wif}u;D onf 1942 hJ SfG ckEpwif ausmufjzLrd/ jrLeDpy,fausmif;wGif (7) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? *syefacwfwif S f G D h G *syefpum;jyefvyconf? 1945-46 ckEpwif ppf&wyf&if;trSwf (20) od@k 0ifa&mufconf? wyf=uyf/ k f hJ Sf G J hJ xkrS 1949 ckEpwif wyf&if;w&if;vH;k awmck&mwGiyg0ifconf? 1950 jynfEpwif tvif;0ifconf? d Sf G d f hJ hSf G hJ xdaemuf ppf&wyf&if;trSwf (1) wGif jyefvnftr_xrf;cJonf? (9) vcef@tr_xrf;+y;D aemuf xGuconf? k J h f hJ ,if;aemuf ukeonfvyief; vkyuiconf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D f kf f kd f hJ Sf D kd wGif yg0ifconf? ausmufjzLrde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif bma&;r;wm0ef,conf? hJ kd G l hJ ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1997 ckEp/f =o*kwv (5) &ufae@wif D kH D kd JG f S f G jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif;a=unmcJonf[k 1997 ckEp/f =o*kwv (6) $ f kd f f f G f h S f &ufae@ etz. jrefrmhowif;v$m at-0084 (tdi) wGif azmfjyxm;onf? kf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 5? *Gre,frJqENe,f? OD;nDyk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;nDyonf *Grd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of k J G kd f k f S ydic&m ckivrJ (15931) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 93) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? f hJ d f kH k kf_ f hJ &ckivrsK;d / Ak'bmom0ifjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f az/ trd a': jrOD;wk@d rS 1955 ckEp/f {+yv (10) &ufae@wif df l < S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? *Grd e,f/ &ckiui;f aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? 1978 ckEpwif 'orwef;atmifjrifconf? h df G Sf G hJ 1983 ckEpwif &efuef 0dZmESioywuUovrS Oya'bJ@G &&Sconf? 1974 ckEpwif &efuef rd od@k ajymif;a&$ Sf G k hf d H` kd f d hJ Sf G k aexki+f y;D 1976 ckEpwif w,fvz;Hk H;k napmif/h xk@d aemuf uke;f vrf;yd@k aqmifa&;wGif ynmoifb0rS pwifI d Sf G D pma&;0efxrf;tqifhtxd 1988 ckESpftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf Zmwdaus;&Gmodk@ jyefvnftajccsaexdiconf? *Grd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;aumfrwDtwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf k f hJ kd aqmif&uconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf G f hJ S f G $ f kd f S jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH $ f kd f f kH $ f kd f vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpf fl S f G h $ f kd f onf? 6? ppfawGre,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? J OD;a&$,/ ureftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a&$,onf ppfawGrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif ureftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (9821) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (32 38) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1955 ckEp/f {+yv (7) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;a&$armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;a&$, hJ S D G onf 1974 ckEpwif ajryHk rd e,ftaxGaxGtycsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme pma&;0efxrf;/ xd@k aemuf 1986 ckEpwif Sf G kf Sf G tvkyrEwxu+f y;D a&Saetjzpfvuygaqmif&uconf? Oya'bG@J (t,fvt,fvb) &cJonf? a&G; fSk f G kd f G f hJ f f D h aumufywi,Of ydibufjzpfol &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS OD;armifomZHu a&G;aumufyuef@uuvm JG G f S f k f D kd JG G f $ wifoi;f cJojzifh a&G;aumufyctrSwf (4) wGif =um;emppfaq;r_cc&onf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) G h JG kH H hJ S &ufae@wif e0wtrde@f trSwf (792) jzifh ureftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; zsuor;f cJonf? G kd f d h ureftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfukd zsuor;f vduonftwGuf OD;a&$,onf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D woD; kd f d k f h D G yk*vtoGio@kd a&muf&om;cJ&onf? ~ f dS G h 7? ppfawGre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pHxGef;(c)vljzL/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHxe;f (c) OD;vljzLonf ppfawGrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; G J k f D kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (8819) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (29 75) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;jrOD;/ trd a':pHvjS zLwd@k rS 1925 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (15) &ufae@wif hJ S G arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;pHxe;f (c) OD;vljzLonf ppfawGrd t*Fvyov&Siausmif;/ &efuef rd tpd;k & [dupul; h G df D f k k f ausmif;wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJh&m 1942 ckESpfwGif ppfjzpfvmojzifh (9) wef;ausmif;om;b0wGif
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ausmif;xGuc&onf? 1943 ckEpwif ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf/ tvHcsi;f acsmif;pcef;/ wyf&if; (2)/ f hJ Sf G f k wyfcJG (1) wGif wyfom;/ xd@k aemuf 1943 ckEpwif r*Fvm'Hk yxrywft=uyfoifwef;ok@d wufci&I Sf G G hf wyf=uyfuav;&mxl;jzifh ausmif;qif;cJonf? ysO;f rem;wyf&if; (6) pufaoewf}u;D wyfcwif wm0ef h JG G usonf? xdrS taemufyi;f wdi;f / wdi;f r; Adv&efatmif. wdi;f (7) o&ufo@kd ajymif;a&$@conf? awmfvef k kd k k k f k hJ S a&;t+y;D wGif yJc;l wdi;f r; AdvausmaZm. wdi;f (4) wGif wyfpr; / rsK;d cspwyfrawmfukd uENpmcsKyft& k k f f k k f D zsuor;f csewif t&mcHAv/f ,if;aemuf rnfonfEiia&;tzG@J tpnf;wGirryg0ifbJ tdibyD a&eHjzef@jzL; f d df G kd h kd f H fS kf D a&;ud,pm;vS,f vkyaecJonf? vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0ifqwqy/f vGwvyfa&;pnf;H;k r_wqy/f vGwf k f f h f G k H d f H d ajrmufa&;wHqyw@kd &cJonf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; y,fzsuf df h S G k f D kd vdua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? &cdi'rkd k f D kH D kd JG f h kf D ua&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,fom;onftwGuf OD;pHxe;f (c) OD;vljzLonf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D woD;yk*vtoGif G h G D G ~ od@k a&muf&om;cJ&onf? dS G h 8? awmifuwf re,frqENe,f? k J OD;ausmfcdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmcionf awmifuwf rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; f kd f k J G kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (27431) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 75) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? awmifuwf rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifb/ trd a':v_iw@dk rS 1923 ckEp/f arv (23) &uf hJ k df S ae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ausmcionf uif;armf&mtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS e0rwef;atmifjrif Gf h f dk f G cJonf? 1941 ckEpwif a': jr=uLESivufxyfconf? 1981 ckEprpI awmifuwf rd/azmifawmfO;D h Sf G hf hJ SfS k apwDa*gyutzJ@G 0if/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif rd e,fvkH ca&; Sf D kd H udwm0ef,conf? aq;HaumfrwD/ q&mrdbtoif;/ oHCmhaq;Hpaomvlra&;vkyief;rsm;wGif yg0if k l hJ k k _ f aqmif&uconf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1999 ckEp/f rwfv (30) G f hJ D kH D kd JG f S &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1452) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; G f $ f kd f f f G f a=unmcJonf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l h S f G $ f kd f S v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI f kd f f kH $ f kd f fl vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tyg t0ifjzpfonf? S f G h $ f kd f 9? aygufawmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;boef;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;boef;onf ayguawmrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f f J k f D kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (9216) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f ( 60 12) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f jcif; cHc&onf? 1948 ckEp/f rwfv (10) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;ausmZO;D .om; jzpfonf? &cditrsK;d om;/ hJ S G f H kf Ak'bmom0ifjzpfonf? OD;boef;onf ayguawmrd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ xd@k aemuf uefawmf < f uav;tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ Advwaxmif tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (5)/ k f vli,fa&;&mausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 'orwef;atmifjrifconf? ayguawmrd e,f taxG h hJ f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f axG tkycsKyfa&;OD;pD;XmeESihf rd e,fjynfo@l aumifp;kH wd@k wif pma&;0efxrf;tjzpf (11) ESpcef@ wm0ef f D G f xrf;aqmifconf? 1982 ckEpwif pmay;pm,ljzifh Oya'bG@J ajzqdatmifjrifconf? xdaemuf A[dk hJ Sf G k hJ k w&m;H;k a&Saetjzpf vduygaqmif&uconf? rde,fabmvH;k toif;enf;jy/ &yfuupm=unfwuf k f G f hJ G f h kd OuU tjzpfaqmif&uconf? ayguawmrde,f &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif OuUtjzpfaqmif&uchJ G f hJ f k f D kd G G f onf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rkd S G k f D kd f kd f D kH D ua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,f f h k f D kd oGm;onftwGuf OD;boef;onfygwrjhJ zpf oGm;+y;D woD;yk*vtoGio@kd a&muf&om;cJ&onf? h D ~ f dS G h 10? aygufawmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmxGe;f pdeonf ayguawmrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f f J k f D kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (3528) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (32 49) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ayguawmrdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f vSjzL/ trd a':yef;cdiw@kd rS 1957 hJ f kf ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? &cdivrsK;d / Ak'bmom0ifjzpfonf? OD;apmxGe;f pdeonf S k G h kf l < f aygufawmrdtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawGrdtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (4) wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 'orwef;atmifjrifconf? 1977-78 ckEpwif ppfawGaumvdyrS pufjyif'yvdrm hJ Sf G f D k &&ScI 1982 ckEpwif &efuewuUovrS Oya'bG@J &&Sconf? trSwf (1) wuUovavhusia&;wyfwif d hJ Sf G kf kd f d hJ kd f hf G tajccHppfynmESihf wef;jrifppfynmbmom&yfrsm; oif=um;atmifjrifconf? 1981 ckEpwif a': jr h hJ Sf G ode;f ESihf vufxyfconf? w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpf vduygaqmif&utoufarG;onf? ayguawmrd e,f hJ k f G f f &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif k f D kd G G f hJ S G &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; k f D kd f kd f D kH D kd JG aumfr&SifrS a=unmcJhonf? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfysufjy,foGm;onfhtwGuf OD;apmxGef;pdefonf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D woD;yk*vtoGio@kd a&muf&om;cJ&onf? D G ~ f dS G h 11? ykm;u|ef;re,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifxe;f pdeonf ykm;u|e;f rd e,frqENe,fwif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI G f J G k f D kd f k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (14251) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (38 17)jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cH S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cJ&onf? ppfawGrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;apmvS/ trd a':apmomwd@k rS 1949 ckEp/f atmufwbmv h S kd (31) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;atmifxe;f pdeonf ppfawGrd td;k wef;tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ G h G f pde@f tifueAifw@kd wif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / e0rwef;wGif ocsmvl&nfc|e&cJonf? xd@k aemuf ykoraumvdyf h Gf h G F f h df ESihf &efuewuUovw@kd wif qufvufynmoif=um;cJ&m "mwkaA't"dujzifh odyb@JG &&Sconf? 1970 kf kd f G h H` d hJ jynfEprS 1977 ckEptxd tpd;k &&ufuef;ausmif;wGif odyenf;jy/ oabFmvkyief;XmecGJ (ppfawG) wGif hSf Sf H` f aiGpm&if;udi/f 1976 ckEpwif odrjf zL tm,kaA'aq;odyrS wdi;f &if;aq;ynm&yfukd ESpbmom*k%x;l jzifh k Sf G H` k f f atmifjrifconf? tm;upm;/ pm=unfwuponfh vlra&;vkyief;rsm;tjyif &efuewuUovf &cdif hJ h kd f _ f kf kd k
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; (wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; pmayESi,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD) wGif jyef=um;a&;r; k hf tjzpf aqmif&uconf? wdi;f &if;aq;ynmjzifh aq;0g;ukoonfvyief; vkyuitoufarG;onf? 1992 G f hJ k h kf f kd f ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm;y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxG S G k f D kd f kd f D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,fom;onftwGuf JG f h k f D kd G h OD;atmifxe;f pdeonf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D woD;yk*vtoGio@kd a&muf&om;cJ&onf? 2006 ckEpf {+yvwGif G f D G ~ f dS G h S D jynfyok@d xucmvm+yD; xki;f -jrefrme,fpyfo@dk a&muf&onf? G fG d dS 12? bl;oD;awmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfrif; (c) rmarmufa&Smif_tmaemf*lvma[muf/ trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;ausmrif; (c) rmarmufa&Smiftmaemf*vma[mufonf bl;oD;awmifrd e,f rJqENe,f f _ l trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&;'Dru&ufwpfygwtm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m hf kd D k f S f hJ cdivrJ (30997) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 39) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? bl;oD;awmif k f kH k kf_ f hJ rd e,f/ rdausmif;aps;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;azmfaZmfa&mfref;/ trd a':avrefcgww@kd rS 1953 ckEpwif l Sf G arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ausmrif; (c) rmarmufa&Smiftmaemf*vma[mufonf rdausmif;aps;&Gmtpd;k & h f _ l rlvwef;ausmif;/ awmifbZmtpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;/ bl;oD;awmifrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawGrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wd@k wif ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1968 ckEpwif &efuef G h Sf G k pD;yGm;a&;wuUovrS bDur;f bG@J &&Sconf? 1969 ckEpwif ppfawGrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf kd f G d hJ Sf G (3) wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1983 ckEpwif ynma&;'DyvdrmbG@J &&Sc+hJ y;D / bl;oD;awmifrd e,f Sf G k d vufaxmufynma&;r;/ 1985 ckEpwif tv,fwef;ausmif;tkytjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifc&mrS 1350 Sf G f hJ jynfEp/f ta&;awmfyumvtwGi;f bl;oD;awmifrd e,f ausmif;q&mor*~ukd OD;aqmifcojzifh 1989 hS kH hJ ckEp/f rwfvwGif tvkyrS xkwy,fcc&onf? trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&; 'Dru&ufwpfygwD (r-v-'S f f H hJ hf kd y) wGif A[dtvkytr_aqmif wm0ef,conf? 2002 ckEp/f 'DZif bmv (4) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf k f l hJ S G $ f ud,pm;yaumfrwD. tzG@J 0ifwOD;jzpfvmcJonf? 2005 ckEp/f rwfv (17) &ufae@nwGif tm%mydif k f h S k rsm;u wmarGrd e,faetdro@kd vma&mufzrf;qD;oGm;cJ+h y;D arv (5) &ufae@wif wzef ZeD;a':acgwZm/ f G D orD;}u;D rcifcifEEiorD;i,f ra0a0Ekw@kd (3) OD;tm; xyfrzrf;qD;cJonf? om;}u;D armifErefrm rlv k S hf H h k S u wdr;f a&SmifaecJaomfvnf; aemufyi;f wGif rdom;pktm;iJItzrf;cHconf? 2005 ckEp/f Zlviv (29) h kd h hJ S kd f &ufae@wif tif;pdeaxmifwi;f w&m;H;k rS OD;ausmrif;tm; axmif'%f (47) ESp/f OD;ausmrif;.ZeD;ESihf G f G f f om;orD; (3) OD;tm; axmif'%f (17) ESppD toD;oD;uscap&ef jypf'%fcsrwconf? f H S f hJ 13? bl;oD;awmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifarmif (c) Ek&ftmruf/ trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;wifarmif (c) Ek&tmrufonf bl;oD;awmifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om; f J vl@tcGihf ta&;'Dru&ufwpfygwtm; ud,pm;yI0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (20045) rJ/ pkpaygi;f kd D k f S d f hJ k f kH k rJ&mcdiEe;f (49 93) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? bl;oD;awmifrde,f/ zHnKd vdyaus;&Gm kf_ f hJ k f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Zmwdjzpfonf? 1934 ckEpzm; jzpfonf? OD;a&Smrvku.om; jzpfonf? OD;wifarmif (c) Ek&tmrufonf SfG f f f =uufurf;jyifwzuftpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;/ armif;awmrd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;ESihf ppfawGrd JG tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wd@k wif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D (10) wef;atmifjrifconf? 1954G hJ 56 ckEpwif use;f rma&;oifwef;ausmif;rS use;f rma&;r;oifwef; atmifjrifconf? 1957 ckEprS 1969 Sf G hJ Sf ckEptxd use;f rma&;Xme iSuzsm;a&m*gr; tjzpf ppfawG/ bl;oD;awmifw@kd wif wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? Sf f G hJ 1963 ckEpwif use;f rma&;a=umifh tvkyrEwxuc+hJ y;D ud,yip;D yGm;a&;vkyuiconf? 1975 ckEpwif Sf G fSk f G f k f kd f f kd f hJ Sf G ud,yip;D yGm;a&;twGuf e,fpyfjzwfausmcjhJ cif;a=umifh oufqi&mvl0efr}_ uD;=uyfa&;XmerS H;k wif k f kd f f kd f w&m;pGqI '%faiG (70d-) csrwjf cif;cHc&onf? bl;oD;awmifrde,f trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&; 'Drkd J kd S hJ hf u&ufwpfygwD OuU/ XmecsKyfA[daumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? k G f hJ 14? rif;jym;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifjrifh/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifjrifonf rif;jym;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; h J k f D kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (12301) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 2) jzifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ cHc&onf? &rf;+AJrdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ndKcsr;f atmif/ trd a':ESi;f ykw@kd rS 1938 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv hJ S k (16)&ufae@wiarG; zGm;cJonf? OD;armifjrifonf &rf;jAJ rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef; atmif Gf h h jrifcI ausmufjzLaumvdy/f &efue0ZmESioywuUovw@kd rS 0dZmbG@J (ordi;f ) &&Sconf? use;f rma&;r; hJ k f d hf d H` kd f k d hJ oifwef;ESihf txufwef;a&Saepmar;yGw@kd uatmifjrifc+hJ y;D use;f rma&;r;/ xd@k aemuf txufwef;a&Sae J kd tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1970 jynfEpf wGif a': jrifarESivufxyfconf? rif;jym;rd e,f &cdi'rua&pD G f hJ hS h hf hJ k f D kd tzG@J csKyfwif OuUtjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf G G f hJ S G k f D kd tm; y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? f kd f D kH D kd JG f h &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,fom;onftwGuf OD;armifjrifonf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D woD;yk*vtoGio@kd k f D kd G h h D G ~ f a&muf&om;cJ&onf? dS G h 15? rif;jym;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;0if;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f 0if;onf rif;jym;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI J k f D kd f k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (11899) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 24) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? rif;jym;rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;bpH/ trd a':ode;f arwd@k rS 1941 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (1) hJ S kd &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;xGe;f 0if;onf i,fpOfuyif &efuef rdod@k om;a&mufI avmuD/ avm G h k G ukw&mpmayrsm;oif,c&m bDatbG@J Eihf "rRmp&d,bG@J w@kd &&Sconf? vkyom;rsm;aumfvywif tcseyi;f W l hJ S d hJ f df G d f kd enf;jyq&m/ ppfawGrde,for0g,r/ &cdijf ynfe,f/ rde,for0g,rtoif;pkw@kd wif refae*smtjzpf k G aqmif&uconf? ppfawGrd / jyify0dZmESihf wuUovpmay;pm,loifwef;/ apwemnausmif;wd@k wif (10) G f hJ kd f G ESpausmf apwemq&mESihf OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? ppfawGrd e,f/ ynmoifaxmufya&; aumfrwD f G f hJ hH (wuUodkvfaumvdyfbGJ@&) OuU/ &cdkifo[m,toif; twGif;a&;r;/ &cdkifvli,ftoif; OuU/
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &efuewuUovygVpmaytoif; twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? jyifxe;f 0if; (bDat/ "rRmp&d,)/ kf kd f d G f hJ G xGe;f 0if; (&efuewuUov)/ wuUovciZm0if; uavmiftrnfw@kd jzifh pmayrsm;a&;om;cJonf? k f kd f kd f kd f h &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d) bma&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif k f D kd k G f hJ S G &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf tm;y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; k f D kd f kd f D kH D kd JG aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyysujf y,fom;onftwGuf OD;xGe;f 0if;onf ygwrjhJ zpf f h k f D kd f G h D oGm;+y;D woD;yk*vtoGio@kd a&muf&om;cJ&onf? ~ f dS G h 16? armifawmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tDjAm[def;(c) OD;cspfvGif/ trsKd;om;vl@tcGifha&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;tDjAm[de;f (c) OD;cspvionf armifawmrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; vl@ f Gf J tcGia&; 'Dru&ufwpfygwD (r-v-'-y) tm; ud,pm;yI0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (12620) rJ/ hf kd k f S d f hJ k f kH pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (50 97) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? armifawmrd e,f/ rd ol}u;D &GmZmwd k kf_ f hJ jzpfonf? tz [m*sD OD;qD'Dtmruf/ trd a':tifwD[mcgwlwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1) &uf ae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;tDjAm[de;f (c) OD;cspvionf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ynm&yfrsm;udk Gf h f Gf rd ol}u;D &Gmtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ armifawmrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ESihf ppfawGrd OD;atmifvZH S ausmif;wd@k wif oif=um;cJonf? 1963-64 ckEpwif &efuewuUovo@kd wufa&mufonf? 0g%Zb@JG G h Sf G kf kd f d (pm&if;udi/f pm&if;ppf)udk 1966-67 ckEpwif &&Sconf? 1977 ckEpwif bG@J vep;D yGm;a&;pDrue;f ynm k S f G d hJ Sf G Gf H d 'Dyvdrmudk &efuep;D yGm;a&;wuUovrS *k%x;l jzifatmifjrifcI 1982 ckEpwif rSwywifa&Saepmar;yGJ k kf kd f f h hJ Sf G f kH (tm&ft,fv) atmifjrifconf? w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpfvuygaqmif&utoufarG;onf? 0efxrf; f hJ kd f G f tjzpf 1967 ckEprS 1983 ckEptxd pDrbm0ef}uD;Xme pm&if;udioifwef;enf;jy acwWausmif; Sf Sf H kf tky}f uD;/ a'oaumvdyf H;k vkyief;twwfynmpmppfr; wm0efw@kd ukd aqmif&uconf? trsK;d om; f G f hJ vl@tcGia&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD (r-v-'-y) wGif A[dOuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? hf kd k G f hJ 17? armifawmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;azmfaZmftmarmuf/ trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;azmfaZmftmarmufonf armifawmrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;vl@tcGihf J ta&; 'Dru&ufwpfygwtm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivr(24881) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd D k f S d f hJ k f kH J k kf_ (42 73) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? armif;awmrd e,f/ tdwmvsmaus;&Gmtkyp/k bmqlb&Gm f hJ f Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;r[mrufumvl/ trd a':0kvar&fw@kd rS 1941 ckEpwif arG;zGm;cJonf? arG;csi;f f Sf G h (7) a,mufteuf 'kwd,ajrmufom;jzpfonf? OD;azmfaZmftmarmufonf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif armif;awm tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifausmif;xGuvufrw&pmar;yGatmifjrifconf? 1961 h f S f J hJ ckEpwif e,fjcm;a'otkycsKya&;Xme. ar,ke,fjcm;cdi0efvufatmufwif pma&;0efxrf;/ xd@k aemuf Sf G f f kf G jynfol@aumifpDHk;/ taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;XmewGif txufwef;pma&;/ Hk;tkyfpma&;}uD;tjzpf armif;awm/ bl;oD;awmif/ ausmufawmf/ ausmufjzL/ awmifuwEihf ppfawGrd rsm;wGif tr_xrf;cJonf? k fS h txufwef;a&Saepmar;yGajzqdatmifjrifcojzifh 1985 ckEpwif tvkyrt+ir;f pm;,lc+hJ y;D / a&Saetjzpf J k hJ Sf G fS d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f vdkufygaqmif&GuftoufarG;cJhonf? trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif A[dktvkyf tr_aqmifwm0ef,conf? l hJ 18? rmefatmifre,frJqENe,f? OD;odef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f armifonf rmefatmifrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;y J G kd f k f I 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (17781) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 47) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? OD;0Hx;D atmif.om;jzpfonf? 1951 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (9) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? armif;awm hJ S G rd e,f/ uke;f wef&mawmifyi;f Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;ode;f armifonf q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? G kd h ausmif;rSxuI rdbESitwl v,f,mvkyief;vkyuiI tdraxmifus+y;D aomtcg aps;onfvyief;jzihf G f hf f f kd f f kf toufarG;cJonf? jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwo@dk 0if+y;D uvmyfpnf;acgi;f aqmifwm0ef,conf? 1988 h kd S f D l hJ ckEpwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfo@kd 0ifa&muf+y;D 1989 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (18) &ufae@rpI rmef Sf G kd S D S atmifrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKywif twGi;f a&;r;tjzpfwm0ef,conf? kd f G l hJ 19? ajryHk re,frqENe,f? J OD;jzLpdefOD;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jzLpdeO;D onf ajryHk rd e,frqENe,fwif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf f J G k f D kd f k f ,SOf yic&m cdivrJ (10763) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (43 0) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f hJ OD;armifjzL.om; jzpfonf? 1934 ckEp/f rwfv (3) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? ajryHk rd e,f/ =uufa&u|e;f S G aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;jzLpdef OD;onf 1954 ckEpwif =uufa&u|e;f aus;&Gm rlvwef;ausmif;rS Sf G rlvwef;atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / 1962 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef; atmifjrifconf? 1967 ckEpwif ausmif;q&m Sf G kd f hJ Sf G tjzpftr_xrf;cJI 1978-79 ckEpwif 'Dyt;D 'Db@JG &&Sconf? txufwef;jy ausmif;q&mtjzpf (2) h Sf G D d hJ ESptr_xrf;cJ+h y;D aemuf 1988 ckEp/f ZGev (22) &ufae@wif emruse;f yifpif,conf? ygwp'rua&pD f S f G l hJ D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (2) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf JG f S G f (1414) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv $ f kd f f f G f h S (6)&ufae@wif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKytm; y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG G k f D kd f f kd f D kH D kd usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sira=unmcJonf? &cdi'rkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyysujf y,fom;onftwGuf OD;jzLpdeO;D onf fS h kfD f G h f ygwrjhJ zpfom;+yD;woD;yk*vtoGio@kd a&muf&om;cJonf? 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (2) &ufae@wif D G ~ f dS G h S G jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? $ f kd f f f G f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1414) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvqef; 14 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 2 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;jzLpdeO;D tm; &cdijf ynfe,f/ ajryHk re,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS f k $ f J jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol f kd f f H tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif &cdijf ynfe,f/ ajryHk rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f D kH D kd JG G k $ f J twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;jzLpdeO;D u rdronf $ f kd f f H f d touft&G,}f u;D &if+h y;D use;f rma&;raumif;onftjyif ygwEiia&;udvnf; pdw0ifpm;r_v;kH 0r&Sawmh h D kd f H k f d ygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS d f kd f f H Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtavsmuf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f G fG f h 2? txufyg OD;jzLpdeO;D .wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'r f f f $ f f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;jzLpdeO;D tm; ,ae@rpI ajryHk rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS jynfo@l f hf f S $ f J v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvdua=umif; f kd f f H f G fG k f a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r;
20? ajrmufOD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apmjratmif/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufO;D rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J k f D kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (17322) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 09) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;apmvSatmif/ trd a':oef;pHO;D wd@k rS 1908 ckEp/f {+yv (23) &ufae@wif hJ S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? ajrmufO;D rd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufO;D rd Y rlvwef;/ ppfawGrd Y h tv,fwef;/ &efuerd Y txufwef; ynmrsm;oif,atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / 1942 ckEp/f 'kw,urBmppf}u;D k l S d jzpfym;onftcsetxd &efuef rd wGif aq;ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1943 ckEpwif tdE,Edii/H bHabrd Y G h df k h Sf G dN k f k aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm;qufvufoif=um;cJh &m 1947 ckEp/f arvwGif q&m0efb@JG / trfbbtufpf S D D (bHab) &&Sconf? 1947 ckEprpI Edii0efxrf;tjzpf (2) ESpaqmif&uc+hJ y;D / +AweEiiwif (4) ESp=f um k d hJ SfS kfH f G f d d f kd f H G vufawG@tr_xrf;&if; aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm; qufvufoif=um;cJ&m bG@J ve'yvdrm'Dptwcsb@JG h GfD k D d f f (DCH) vef'efEihf tufztm&fpyb@JG (FRCP) *vyfpud;yg&*lb@JG rsm; &&Sconf? 1954 ckEprpI Edii0ef S f DD k d hJ SfS k f hH
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f xrf;/ 1955 ckEprS 1963 ckEptxd rE av;cdif q&m0ef}u;D / aq;Hk tky}f u;D / orm;awmf}u;D ESihf rE av; Sf Sf W k W aq;wuUovf aq;ynmXmer;/ 1975 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd dx&Dtoif; rE av;XmecGOuU/ kd S f S f k W J &efuef rd &Sd &cdio[m,toif; OuU/ &cdi"rRmHaqmufvya&; em,u/ 1983 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd k kf kf k kf Sf Sf &efuef rd &cdio[m,toif; OuU/ 1958 ckEpwif urBmaq;ynm&Sirsm;zvS,aomtpDtpOft& k kf Sf G h f f tar&duefEiiwif (2) vESihf +AweEiiwif &ufow (3) ywfwwd avhvmcGi&cJonf? 1972 ckEpwif kd f H G d d f kd f H G W d hf h Sf G wkwjf ynfo@l orRwEdii.zdw=f um;csut& yg&*lrsm;tzG@J uO;D aqmifI &ufowW (3) ywfom;a&muf kfH f kd G avhvmcJonf? 1978 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,l+y;D aemuf 1979 ckEprS 1982 ckEptxd a[mifaumif&dS h Sf G d Sf Sf aq;H}k uD; (2) ckwif oGm;a&muftr_xrf;cJonf? 1982 ckEpwif EdiijH cm;rSjyefa&mufvm+yD;aemuf G h Sf G kf &efuef rd &Sd A[ef;rd e,fZ0w'geoHCmhaq;HEihf oDv&Sirsm;aq;Hwif apwemorm;awmf}u;D tjzpf k Dd kS f k G wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf. OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv hJ k f D kd G f hJ S f (21) &ufae@wia=unmcJt+yD; ppftm%m&Sirsm;u wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk Ediia&;ygwacgi;f aqmif Gf h f k kfH D wOD;jzpfol OD;apmjratmiftm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJonf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (17) &ufae@ h S &ufpJG jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDrS a'guwmOD;apmjratmiftm; jynfo@l vwawmf $ f kd f f $ f OuUtjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufvua=umif;a=unmcJonf? zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&&mrS 2001 kd f h hJ ckEp/f ZGev (13) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J S f G G f S G k f D kd csKyftm; y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sira=unmcJh f kd f D kH D kd JG fS onf? &cdi'rua&pD tzG@J csKyfysujf y,fom;onftwGuf OD;apmjratmifonf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D woD; k f D kd G h D G yk*vtoGio@kd a&muf&om;cJonf? ZeD;rSm a':apmwifjzpf+y;D / om;orD;ig;OD;xGe;f um;onf? ~ f dS G h 21? ajrmufOD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;atmifvSZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;atmifvZonf ajrmufO;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f S H J k f D kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (14861) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 63) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? ajrmufO;D rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspapmOD;/ trd a':=umndKwd@k rS 1927 ckEp/f pufwif hJ f S bmv (19) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;atmifvZonf ajrmufO;D rd / pyg;qdytpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ G h S H f ajrmufO;D rd jrefrmtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawGrd tpd;k &aemfrefausmif;/ &efuewuUovw@kd wif kf kd f G ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0dZm (bDur;f ) bG@J &&Sconf? 1952 ckEpwif ausmufawmfrd G d hJ Sf G tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1955 ckEpwif A[dpm&if;tif;ESip;D yGm;a&;Xme pm&if;tif; Sf G k hf t&m&S/d xd@k aemuf tvkyrEwxuI 1956 ckEpwif OD;atmifvZynmoifausmif;udk wnfaxmifchJ fSk f G f Sf G S H onf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm;y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rkd S G k f D kd f kd f D kH D ua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sira=unmcJonf? &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,f JG fS h k f D kd oGm;onftwGuf OD;atmifvZonf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D woD;yk*vtoGio@kd a&muf&om;cJonf? h S H D G ~ f dS G h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f OD;atmifvSZH t+idrf;pm;/ ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;/ ajrmufOD;r touf (68) ESpf ajrmufO;D rd / pyg;qdy&yfae (OD;cspapmOD;-a':=umndK) wd@k . om;/ ppfawGrd / yg'vdycsy&yfae f f f df t+idr;f pm;ta&;ydif (OD;pHxe;f OD;-a':apmjr)wd@k . om;oruf/ ajrmufO;D rd/ ukeonfwef;&yfae a':pH k G f omjzL. cifye;f / OD;OD;vSapm-a':tEG@J acs (orOD;pD;/ ajrmufO;D rd)/ a': jzLjzLZH-OD;xGe;f ndK/ a'guwm G f at;armifZ- a':apma&$jr/ a':cdiciZH (txu/ ajrmufO;D rd )/ a': jrjrZH (pm&if;H;k / ajrmufO;D rd / OD;vS0if; H k f kd f (NSSPL-pifumyl)/ csKZarmifw@kd . arG;ozcif/ ajr; (9) a,mufw@kd . tbd;k &Sionf 1993 ck/ Zlviv d H f kd f (30) &uf(aom=umae@) n (11 ; 40) em&Dwif ajrmufO;D rd aetdrY uG,veom;ygojzifh ui;f usef G f f Gf G G aomkyuvmyfu(2-8-93) &ufae@ (wevFm) ae@wif ajrmufO;D rd Y o* [rnfjzpfyga=umif;? f kd G f usef&pfolrdom;pk 22? &aohawmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifuif;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifui;f atmifonf &aohawmifrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD G J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (7310) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (37 25) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? &aohawmifrd e,f/ jrif;uHanmif;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmZatmif/ f hJ f H trd a':vSaemfO;D wk@d rS 1944 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;armifui;f atmifonf S G h G uHjyifaus;&Gmtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ xlaxmifaus;&Gmtpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ ppfawGrd OD;atmifvZH S tvGwynmoifausmif;wk@d wiynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / e0rwef;wGif ausmif;rSxuconf? ukeonftjzpf f Gf G f hJ f toufarG;onf? &aohawmifrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uchJ kd G G f onf? 2004 ckESpfwGif tm%mydkifrsm;rS enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh EkwfxGuf&efzdtm;ay;+cdrf;ajcmufcJh+yD; Ekwxuray;ojzifh rde,fausmc&D;om;vmcihf ydwyifxm;jcif;cHc&onf? f G f f f hJ 23? &aohawmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;OD;omEdk@/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;OD;omEd@k onf &aohawmifrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J k f D kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (7987) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (42 23) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;aumif;pH&/DS trd a':ESi;f omjzLwd@k rS 1934 ckEp/f arv (25) &ufae@wif hJ S G arG;zGm;cJonf? ppfawGrd e,f/ qwf;kd usta&Sbuf&mZmwdjzpfonf? OD;OD;omEd@k onf qwf;kd usta&S h G rlvwef;ausmif;/ 1951 ckEpwif vrf;rawmfajrmuftv,fwef;ausmif;ESihf ppfawGrd tpd;k & txufwef; Sf G ausmif;trSwf (1) wd@k wif 1952 ckEptxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? ppfawGrd ausmif;om;or*~Eihf G Sf h S vli,ftpnf;tH;k twGi;f a&;r;/ 1958 ckEpwif w&m;a&;0ef}u;D Xme/ ud,&awmf&tytjzpf acwW Sf G k fH J kf
(B.Econ.)
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tr_xrf;cJonf? 1969 ckEpwif ppfawGjrLeDpy,fa&G; aumufywita&G;cHc&onf? 1995 ckEp/f Zlviv h Sf G D JG G f hJ S kd f (21) &ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApfrdY jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfjyifqifz@JG pnf;onftcg tvkyorm;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 2000 h f hJ jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (7) &ufae@wif tdi,mvefEii/H 'AvifrdY !Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyefvnf h S kd G kf kd f jyifqifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg Xmevufudkifr&Sd0ef}uD;jzpfvmcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ rwfv (23) &ufae@ tar&duefEii/H 0g&iwefrdawmfwif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvn kd f Sf G kfH z@JG pnf;csetxd 0ef}u;D tjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@wif &cdi'rua&pD tzG@J csKyf f df G f hJ S G k f D kd tm; y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? f kd f D kH D kd JG f h &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyfysujf y,fom;onftwGuf OD;OD;omEd@k onf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D woD;yk*vtoGio@kd k f D kd G h D G ~ f a&muf&dS oGm;cJ&onf? ,ck tdE,Ekiiwiaexkionf? h dN d f H G f d f 24? &rf;jAJre,frJqENe,f? OD;jrarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrarmifonf &rf;jAJrde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf ,SOf yic&m ckivrJ (28322) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (79 43) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;zk;d wif/ trd a':apmjrOD;wk@d rS 1938 ckEp/f Zlviv (4) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ S kd f G h OD;jrarmifonf &rf;jAJ rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS 1958 ckEpwif ausmif;xGuvufrw& pmar;yJG Sf G f S f atmifjrifconf? 1958 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd ynma&;XmewGif tv,fwef;jyq&mtjzpf tESpf hJ Sf Sf (30) cef@ tr_xrf;cJonf? 1957 ckEpwif &rf;jAJ rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;om;or*~ tvkyf h Sf G tr_aqmif/ 1958 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd &rf;jAJ rd tmp&d,or*~ tvkytr_aqmif/ &rf;jAJ rd ynma&; Sf Sf f Xme aiGpaiGacs;toif; bma&;r;/ &rf;jAJrde,f Ak'bmomvli,frsm;toif; twGi;f a&;r;/ wkuf k < d (7) awmifb&m;a*gyu twGi;f a&;r;/ rd rpm=unfwuf OuU/ ykvyawmiftpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; k h dk kf rdbq&mtoif;OuUwm0efw@dk tjyif 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif Sf D kd rd jy,m,DtycsKyfa&; OuU/ oydwwyfz@GJ OuUtjzpfaqmif&uconf? jynfo@l 'rua&pD ta&;awmfykH kf f G f hJ D kd }uD;umvtwGi;f OD;ausmat;. aetdrzsuq;D &mwGif yg0ifonf[tpGypc&+yD; (7) vcef@ zrf;qD; f f f k f GJ H xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf &cdijf ynfe,fpnf;H;k a&;tzG@J 0ifEihf &rf;+AJ rd e,fOuU hJ kd k S tjzpf aqmif&uconf? G f hJ 25? oHwGJre,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;&D/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f &Donf oHwJG rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0if J G kd k f a&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (36789) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (79 28) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf jcif;cHchJ S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f &onf? uif;armfZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;tke;f az/ trd a':pdetw@dk rS 1947 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (17) f d S &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;xGe;f &Donf 1968 ckEpwif &efue0ZmESioywuUovrS odyH` (ocsm) G h Sf G k f d hf d H` kd f F bJ@G &&Sconf? ajrwki;f OD;pD;XmewGif 1969 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd Xmepdwr; / zD*sEiiH ukvor*~z@GH z;d a&; d hJ d Sf Sf f D dk f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tpDtpOfvufatmufwif 1981 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd ajrwdi;f t&m&S/d 1985 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd G Sf Sf k Sf Sf yg&*l/ xd@k aemuf ukeonfvyief;vkyuiconf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpo@kd w&m;0ifEiiu;l vuf f kf f kd f hJ k kd f H rSwjf zifxucmvmcJ+h y;D aemuf tar&duefEiiwif aexdicia&Smufxm;+y;D aexdionf? h G fG kd f H G k f G hf kf 26? trf;re,frJqENe,f? OD;ae0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ae0if;onf trf;rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0if J G kd k f a&muf,SOfydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (13379) rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (67 08) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmuf jcif;cHc&onf? trf;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aeOD;/ trd a':raomif;wk@d rS 1947 ckEpwif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ Sf G h OD;ae0if;onf 1963 ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd trf;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / Sf Sf 1984 ckEpwif 0dZmbJ@G ukd pdwynmt"dujzihf &&Sconf? a&$yef;xdrvyief;jzihf toufarG;onf? 1984 Sf G f d hJ f kf ckEpwif a':atmifr;dk wifEihf vufxyfconf? Sf G hS hJ (12) &efuewi;f ? k f kd
tv,fydkif;ajrjyef@vGifjyif.awmifbufqHk;tydkif;wGif wnf&Sdonf? awmifbufwGif uy`vyifv,f/ ta&Sbufwif rGejf ynfe,f/ ta&Sawmifbufwif rkwrauG@/ ajrmufbufwif yJc;l wdi;f / D G G W G k taemufbufwGif {&m0wDwdkif;wdk@wnf&Sdonf? b*Fvm;yifv,fatmftwGif;&Sd udkudk;u|ef;pkonf &efuewi;f twGi;f yg0ifonf? ajrmufvwWw'f (16) 'D*&D (20) rdepfEihf (17) 'D*&D (50) rdepftwGi;f / k f kd D G S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ta&Savmif*sw'f (95) 'D*&D (45) rdepfEihf (96) 'D*&D (46) rdepftwGi;f wnf&onf? {&d,mpwk&ef; D G S dS rdiaygi;f (3928) us,0ef;onf? wdi;f rd awmfrm &efuef rd jzpfonf? kf f k S k &efuewi;f wGif rd e,f (42) rd e,f&rqENe,f (61) e,fY Ediia&;ygwD tzG@J tpnf; (46) ck k f kd dS J kfH tm; ud,pm;y,SOf yiovwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (379) OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmf ud,pm;vS,f k f df l $ f kd f f ~ f k f avmif; (21) OD;/ pkpaygi;f (400) OD; 0ifa&muf,Of yic=hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (59) ae&m/ k S df kd 'Drua&pDygw/D 'Dru&ufwpfb@JG &ESihf ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J w@kd rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD; a&G;cs,wif kd kd f ajrmufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? 1? urm&Gwfre,frJqENe,f? OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) uAsmq&m}uD;rif;ok0%ftrnfjzifh xif&m;aom 0ausmxif oD&yscsD OD;0ef r[m0dZm S f d H (&efue)/ B. Litt (OXON) onf urm&Gwf rd e,frqENe,frS trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;y kf J kd f k f I 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (23345) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 95) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? 1909 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (10) &uf (Ak'[;l ) ae@wif [Hom0wDcdi/f uGr;f jcue;f rd / awmifzuf hJ S D < G k H k urf;ta&Sydi;f wGif ukeonfrsm;jzpf=uaom tz OD;vGr;f yif/ trd a':rdw@kd rS arG;zGm;cJonf? arG;csi;f (7) k f h a,mufteuf 'kw,ajrmufjzpf+y;D rGe-jrefrm rsK;d d;k jzpfonf? i,frnf armifv0ef/ trnf&if; armif0ef d f S jzpfonf? ESrti,fq;kH rwifErm uAsmq&mr Ek,Oftjzpf xif&m;onf? 1916 ckEpwif uGr;f jcue;f rd / kS S Sf G H k =um;ausmif;ac: a&$usiausmif;wduf (q&mOD;zd;k vdiausmif;) wGif jrefrmpmpwifoif,onf? ausmif; f k _f l tkyq&mawmfrm OD;EN0ojzpfI qXrwef;txdaecJonf? 1921 ckEp/f ZGev (21) &ufae@wif uGr;f jcH f S H h S f G uke;f rd trsK;d om;ausmif;zGiaomtcg =um;ausmif;rSxuI trsK;d om;ausmif;opfwif t*Fvy-jrefrm hf G f G df (2) bmom pwifoif,conf? uAsma&;enf;udk ausmif;aezuf OD;tmumoef;xHroif,conf? l hJ S l hJ qXrwef;txdaecJonf? 1923 ckEp/f Zlviv (30) &uf ae@wif &efuef rd / q&mrSw}f u;D ausmif;ac: h S kd f G k pde*|e;f ausmif;wGif yOPrwef;od@k wufa&mufchJ onf? 1926 ckEp/f rwfvwGif t*Fvy-jrefrm tv,fwef; f S df (7)wef; paumvm;&Sppmar;yGwif pwkw&Iatmifjrifconf? tXrwef;rSpI q&mrSw}f uD;tdyf f J G hJ aqmifwif y&Dzufac: ausmif;om;r;vkyc&onf? usKH ;}u;D vrf;/ rif;}u;D uawmf a': jrar. Ak'bmom G f hJ < rde;f uav;ausmif;wGizionfh nausmif;Y tywfwi;f tvSnuspmoifay;cJ&onf? yxrqH;k yHEyf f G hf kd hf h k dS azmfjycH&aomuAsmrSm 1926 ckEp/f Zlvivxkwf '*ker*~Zif; trSwf (71) wGiygaom rd;k &moDb@JG S kd f f f jzpfonf? uavmiftrnfrS pde*|e;f aysmarmif0efjzpfonf? 1929 ckEp/f rwfvwGiusi;f yaom q,fwef; f f S f pmar;yGukd yx0Dbmom*k%x;l jzifh atmifjrifconf? ZGevwGif ,leAmpDwaumvdyo@kd wufa&mufchJ J f hJ f D D f onf? yJc;l ausmif;aqmif tv,fxyf tcef;trSwf (91) wGiaecJonf? 1930 jynfEpY Oypmwef;wGif f h hSf py,f&,ausmif;om;tjzpfta&G;cH&I wESptwGi;f wGif 1930 jynfEp/f rwfvwGiusi;f yaom Oypm S f f hS f txufwef;pmar;yGukd ajzqdatmifjrifconf? ,if;ESpf rd;k &moDxwf aumvdyr*~Zif; twGJ (20)/ trSwf J k hJ k f (1) wGif uAsmrsm; pwifxnfoi;f azmfjyjcif;cHc&onf? 1931 ckEp/f rwfvwGiusi;f yaom yxrESpf h G hJ S f 0dZm (jrefrmpm*k%x;l ) tprf;pmar;yGatmifjrifconf? xdEpwirbrsm;pD;yGm;ysuI ausmif;rSxu+f y;D f J hJ kSf Gfd f G uGr;f jcHue;f rd trsK;d om;ausmif;wGif ausmif;tkyq&m}uD;0ifvyconf? uav;uAsmrsm;udk pwif k f k f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&;om;cJonf? wuUovzionftcg ygarmuQO;D azarmifwifrjS yefac:I tvkyrxu+f y;D wuUovjf yef h kd f G hf h fS G kd wufconf? 1933 ckEp/f rwfvwGiusi;f yaom 0dZm*k%x;l wef;udk jrefrmpmyxrtqifjh zifh atmifjrif hJ S f f cJonf? 1933 ckEp/f ZGevrS 1935 ckEp/f arvtxd jrefrmpmXmewGif tcseyi;f enf;jyq&m0ifvyconf? h S f S d f kd k f hJ yJc;l aqmifwivnf; ausmif;aqmifenf;jyq&mvkyc+hJ y;D r[m0dZmwef;od@k tcseyi;f wufa&mufconf? Gf f d f kd hJ 1935 ckEp/f rwfvwGiusi;f yaom r[m0dZm jrefrmpm*k%x;l pmar;yGukd 'kw,tqifjh zifatmifjrifchJ S f f J d h onf? tcsejf ynfenf;jy q&mtjzpfcef@tyfjcif;cHc&I yif;,ausmif;aqmifo@kd ajymif;+y;D ausmif;aqmif d h hJ enf;jyq&m tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? tqdygEprsm;wGif wuUovausmif;wdujf refrmtoif; hJ k Sf kd f k twGi;f a&;r;/ wuUovA'bmomtoif; twGi;f a&;r;/ aumvdyr*~Zif; jrefrmydi;f t,f'wm/ *E W kd f k < f k D avmur*~Zif; t,f'wmvkyconf? wuUovausmif;wduA'bmomtoif;tm; wuUovf Ak'< D f hJ kd f k fk< kd bmomtoif;jzpfatmifaqmif&uI "rRmHk tkwjf rpfcs&mwGiyg0ifconf? 1936 ckEp/f pufwifbmv G f f hJ S wGif ynmoifq&I t*FvefEiiH atmufpzd@k wuUovo@kd om;a&mufynmoif=um;cJonf? pdeuuf k kd f kd f G h f o&if;ausmif;wGif ouU/ ygV/d wdAuf/ taxGaxGbmom aA'ynm&yfrsm;udoif,conf? 1938 ckEp/f k l hJ S atmufwdkbmvwGif vef'efwuUodkvf ta&Swdkif;ESifhtmz&d ubmom&yfrsm;avhvma&;ausmif; (School of Oriental and African Studies) od@k ajymif;a&$ynmoif=um;cJonf? tqdygausmif;rS h k h S kd f a'guwma*satpwD;0yfxrS (Lexicography) tbd"mefypkenf;ynm qnf;yl;cJonf? 1939 ckEp/f Zlviv f H (15) &ufae@wiusi;f yaom atmufpzd@k wuUovb@JG Ei;f obifwif bDvpf (B. Litt.) ac: pmay0dZmbG@J Gf kd f S G &&Sconf? bG@J twGuf wifoi;f cJaompmwef;rSm "Development of the Burmese Language in the d hJ G h Mediavel Period" jzpfonf? t*FvefEiiY ynmoif=um;aepOftwGi; Ediia&;a[majymyGrsm;od@k kd f H f kfH J wufa&mufjcif;/ Ediia&;pmaytoif;0iftjzpf zwfavhvmaqG;aEG;jcif;/ *smreD/ tDwvD/ jyifopfEiiH kfH _ kd f rsm;od@k om;a&muf+y;D rdrEiivwvyfa&;vrf;ptjzpf Ediia&;A[kowrsm;ud&mrS;D um jrefrmEdiio@kd G d kd f H G f kfH k kS kfH rsK;d csppw"mwf&a&;uAsmpmayrsm;udk a&;om;ay;yd@k conf? vGwvyfa&;&&Saomtcg vGwvyfa&; fd f dS hJ f d f a=unmcsupmwrf;udk ynm&Sirsm;ESiy;l aygi;f a&;om;cJonf? 1939 ckEp/f pufwifbmvwGif jrefrmEdiiH f f hf h S kf od@k jyefvnfa&muf&conf? atmufwbmv (1) &ufae@wif wuUovjf refrmpmXmeY vufaxmuf dS hJ kd G kd uxdutjzpftr_xrf;cJonf? jrefrmEdiiynmjyef@ym;a&;toif; aumfrwD0iftjzpfvnf;aqmif&uchJ h kfH G G f onf? 1942 ckEp/f 'kw,urBmppf}u;D twGi;f wGif ynma&;Xme bmomjyefpmayXmecGwif tr_xrf;cJh S d J G onf? ynmhwcetoif;/ tbd"mefvyief;udk OD;aqmifvyui&ef cef@xm;jcif;cH&ojzifh Zefe0g&v HGf kf k f kd f D (10) &ufae@wif uGr;f jcue;f rd wGif pwifypkconf? 1942 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif anmifwe;f rd Y G H k hJ S f G k a':=unf=unfEivufxyfconf? om; (2) OD; armif^m%fp;kd / armifxifausmEihf orD; rxm;csKd wd@k S hf hJ fS xGe;f um;cJonf? 1945 ckEp/f {+yDv (7) &ufae@wif ppfab;tE &m,fa=umifh tbd"mefvyief;udk h S G W kf acwW&yfqi;f cJ&onf? +Awo#rsm;jyefa&mufI tkycsKyfa&;udjk yefvnfvyaqmifaomtcg uGr;f jcue;f kd h d d f kf H k ajrmufyi;f wGif rd tkycef@xm;ojzifh (2) vcef@vyuiconf? =o*kwv (6) &ufae@wif &efuef rd / kd f k f kd f hJ f G k r*dvrf;wGif ta&;ay:wuUovoifwef;rsm;zGiI jrefrmpmvufaxmufuxdutjzpf 0ifa&mufvyf k kd f hf k udichJ onf? 1946 ckEp/f ZGev (1) &ufae@wif uxdutjzpf wd;k jricef@xm;jcif;cHc&onf? 1947 ckEpf kf S f G hf hJ S wGif tdE,Edii/H a'vDrd wGiusi;f yaom tm&Swuqufqa&;nDvmcHo@kd 0wfvawmf& OD;ausmjf rifh dN k f f kd f H kH acgi;f aqmifaomtzG@J Eihf wufa&mufconf? xdEpf jrefrmEdiibmomjyefpmaytoif; jzpfay:vmaom S hJ kS kfH
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tcg a0g[m&aumfrwDwif 0ifa&mufvyuiconf? 1948 ckEp/f ZGev (1) &ufae@wif &efuewuUovf G k f kd f hJ S f G kf kd bmomjyef ESipmtkyxwa0a&;XmezGivp+f yD; Xmer;tjzpfaqmif&uI tbd"mefvyief; jyefvnf hf f k f hf S G f kf vkyuiconf? xdEptwGi;f wGif jrefrmEdiitajccHOya' jrefrmpmpmrlukd ppfaq;avhvmt=uay;cJ& f kd f hJ kSf kfH H h onf? jrefrmEdiiH okawoetoif;tr_aqmiftzG@J wif 0ifa&mufaqmif&uconf? xdtoif;*sme,f kf G G f hJ k wGif pmwnf;tjzpfvyconf? 1952 ckEpwif tar&duefjynfaxmifp/k e,l;a[Aifrd a,;vfwuUovf k f hJ Sf G kd wGif ajcmufvcef@ bmomaA'ynmqnf;yl;cJonf? 1953 ckEp/f ZGev (1) &ufae@wif &efuewuUovf h S f G kf kd bmomjyefEihf pmtkyxwa0a&;XmewGif pmwnf;r;tjzpf wd;k jricef@xm;jcif;cHc&onf? 1957 ckEp/f S f k f hf hJ S atmufwbmvwGif jrefrmEdii,Ofaus;r_u,pm;vS,tzG@J Eitwl wkwjf ynfo@l orRwEdii/H qdA,uf kd kfH kd f f S hf kf kD k&m;/ ydvef/ csuupvdAufu;D ,m;/ ta&S*smreDEiirsm;od@k om;a&mufconf? wdyu ygV-jrefrm S k f kd k kd f H G hJ d d tbd"mefvyief;/ rGe-jrefrm tbd"mefvyief;rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufunconf? pmayAdrmef. jrefrmhp,pkH kf f kf l D hJ G f usr;f tzG@J / pmayqkay;a&;tzG@J / okcrdetzG@J / yefwsmrlref yvkya&;aumfrw/D yduwfawmf jrefrmjyefaumf f S f D rwD/ Oya'bmomjyef aumfrwDw@kd wif 0ifa&mufaqmif&uconf? 1961 ckEp/f rwfv (1) &ufae@rS G G f hJ S 1962 ckEp/f arv (12) &ufae@txd wuUovjf refrmpmXmewGif ygarmuQtjzpftr_xrf;cJonf? atmuf S kd h wdbmvwGif jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_ ud,pm;vS,tzG@J Eitwl wkwjf ynfo@l orRwEdiio@kd oGm;a&mufconf? k k f f S hf kfH hJ wuUovf pmtkyxwa0jzef@csa&;aumfrwD OuU/ jrefrmEdiiordi;f aumfr&SitzG@J 0iftjzpf aqmif&uchJ kd f k f d D kfH k f G f onf? 1962 ckEp/f arv (13) &ufae@wif ygarmuQ&mxl;udpe@f vw+f y;D / bmomjyefEipmtkyxwa0a&; S G kG $ S hf f k f Xme wGif jyefvnftr_xrf;cJonf? 1966 ckEpwif jrefrmEdiiH pmrwwfoyaysmufa&;twGuf ouf}u;D h Sf G kf l pmoifenf; (0-x-u-v-o enf;) udk wDxiconf? 1968 ckEpwif wuUovbmomjyefEihf pmtkyf G f hJ Sf G kd f S xkwa0a&;Xme pmwnf;r;tjzpfrS t+ir;f pm;,lcI ynma&;Xmetxl;t&m&Sd (Officer on Special f d hJ G f hJ hSf G kfH k Duty) tjzpf qufvufaqmif&uconf? 1970 jynfEpwif jrefrmEdiioawoetoif; ESpf (60) jynfEpwif toif;.OuUtjzpf a&G;cs,jf cif;cHc&onf? 1971 ckEp/f arv (31) &ufae@wif ynma&; hSf G hJ S G t&m&StjzpfrS tem;,lconf? 1975 ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd *syefEii/H tdqmum EdiijH cm;bmomoif d hJ Sf Sf kd f k kf wuUovY {nfygarmuQtjzpfom;a&muf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? OD;0ef (q&m}u;D rif;ok0%f) onf kd f h G hJ tdqmumrd rS jrefrmwOD;trnfjzifh *syefwi;f (rf) owif;pmY 'kw,urBmppftwGi;f jrefrmEdiiom;rsm; k kd d kfH epfemcsuEiywfoufI tcsuf (2) csuwifjycJonf? yxrtcsurm *syefw@kd onf 'kw,urBmppf f S hf f h fS d twGi;f u olw@kd .&efojl zpfaom t*Fvy/f tar&duef/ =opa=w;vs ppfo@kH yef;rsm;xJrS ppf+y;D ESpf (30) d t=umuse&pfcorsm;udk zdw=f um;I aorif;wrefvrf;[kac:wGionfh auG;jrpfwwm;vrf;azmufvyf f hJ l f H k &mY apcdi;f cJjh cif;twGuf 0rf;enf;a=umif;awmif;yefum *k%f yyGJ yvkycaomfvnf;/ xdvrf;azmuf k f hJ k vky&mY rw&m;apcdi;f jcif;cHc&aomjrefrmrsm;udrl *k%f y&ef arhaysmufcsevycjhJ cif;rSm rw&m;a=umif; f k hJ k f Sf wifjycJonf? 'kw,tcsurm *syef{u&mZf[[wtaejzifh ppftwGi;f u &efojl zpfc&aom tar&d h d fS D kd D kd hJ ueftpd;k &xH ppfjzpfonfupwif rdrryg0ifa=umif; rsu&nfcx;kd awmif;yefaernftpm; rdrw@kd Eii}H u;D h dP G d f H h d kd f rsm;a=umifjh zpfym;cJ&aomppfyY "m;pmcHjzpfc&aom jrefrmEdiitygt0ifEiii,fav;rsm;od@k pdwr G h JG hJ kfH kd f H f aumif;a=umif;ajym=um;cJv#if cH&olrsm;bufrS tcH&oufomrnfjzpfa=umif; wifjya&;om;cJonf? h h xdo@kd acwftqufquf trsK;d om;Ediia&;udk pmayurS tpOfwpduf u;d yrf;vkyaqmifcaom OD;0ef k kfH k f hJ (q&m}u;D rif;ok0%f) onf 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D rS ayguzm; hS Sf D kd fG
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295
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif &efuewi;f urm&Gwf rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqEN D kH D kd JG G k f kd $ f e,f twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;0efu rdronf $ f kd f f H d touft&G,}f u;D &if+h y;D Ediia&;udqufvufaqmif&u&ef pdwqENr&Sawmhygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l kfH k G f f d d v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;. f kd f f H f G fG qENtavsmuf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg OD;0ef.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 11/ f f $ f JG f yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;0eftm; ,ae@rpI urm&Gwf rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS jynfo@l vwf f hf S $ f J $ awmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyvdkufa=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trde@f t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f) touf (96) ESpf &efuef rd / trSwf 18/ xGe;f vif;&dyom/ urm&Gwf rd e,fae a':=unf=unf. cifye;f / OD;^m%fp;kd k f G a':wifrr/ OD;xifausm-a':pkpvi/f a':xm;csKd -OD;ausmbe;f jrifw@kd .zcif/ (a':wifE) .armif/ (OD;xGe;f f k G f k h k =unf)/ a':&ifEk (Ek,Of) - OD;tke;f az (c) wufw;kd wd@k .tudonf (15-8-2004) &uf (we*FaEGae@) k eHeuf (11 ; 30) em&D wGif aetdrf (oajyndK) Y uG,veom;ygI (17-8-2004) &uf(t*F gae@) rGe;f vGJ f Gf G (2) em&Dwif a&a0;okomefY *loi;f o* [rnfjzpfyga=umif; aqGrsK;d rdwo*F[taygi;f tm; today; G G f f ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? use&pforom;pk f ld 2? aumhr;re,frJqENe,f? OD;baqG (ajrmif;jr-baqG)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;baqG (ajrmif;jrbaqG) onf aumhr; rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J G kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (24615) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 85) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;bausmf (uG,ve)/ trd a':at;=unf (uG,ve) wk@d rS 1931 ckEpf hJ f Gf f Gf S wGif arG;zGm;cJonf? ajrmif;jrrd Zmwd jzpfonf? v,form;rsK;d d;k jzpfI Ak'bmom0ifjzpfonf? OD;baqG h < (ajrmif;jrbaqG) onf ajrmif;jrrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif (10) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? h (13) ESpom;t&G,wif ajrmif;jrrd tm&Svi,ftpnf;tH;k 0ifjzpfvmum/ zufqpfawmfvea&;Y f f G l S f yg0ifconf? (16) ESpom;t&G,wif jynfo@l &abmftaejzifh vGwvyfa&;wduyYyg0ifconf? trsK;d om; hJ f f G J f k f JG hJ acgi;f aqmif}uD;/ vGwvyfa&;Adoum}uD;/ wyfrawmfzcif}uD; AdvcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifonfh zf k k f q-y-v tzG@J wiyg0if+yD;/ wdi;f jynfjyefvnfxaxmifa&;Y aqmif&uconf? 1948-49 ckEpwif Gf k l G f hJ Sf G &Jabmfo;kH usy0if Advrif;acgi;f . ta&;ay:vufeufuiwyfz@GJ 0if/ xkrS cdi0ef;kH pma&;/ rlvwef;ausmif; df k f kd f d kf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f q&m/ owif;axmuf/ pma&;q&m/ t,f'wmESihf usL&Siq&m (t*Fvypm) tjzpf toufarG;0rf; D f df a=umif;ycJonf? 1972 ckEpwif &Jabmfo;kH usy0ifAvr; atmif (jynfo@l vwawmf OuU}u;D ESihf um h Sf G d f kd f $ f uG,f a&; 0ef}u;D a[mif;)/ pma&;q&m}u;D &efuebaqG (uG,ve) wk@d Eihf twl jynfyod@k xucmI kf f Gf S G fG r-q-v tpd;k &tm; vufeufuiawmfvea&;qifEconf? jynfywGif 0ef}u;D csKyfa[mif;OD;EkO;D pD;aom kd f Sf J$ hJ ygvref'rua&pDygwwif A[daumfrwD0ifjzpfI jynfcspvwajrmufa&;wyfrawmfY Advr; jzpfconf? D D dk D G k f G f k f hJ &Jabmfo;kH usy0if Advvusm (usq;kH / 'kw,0ef}u;D csKyfa[mif;)/ &Jabmfo;kH usy0if Adv&efEif (uG,ve)/ df k f f d d f k f kd f Gf Advr; csKyfa[mif;apm=um'd;k wd@k uyuonfh a&Swef;ppfqifa&;XmecsKyfwif wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? k f Gf J G hJ 1974 ckEpwif Ediiawmfaumifpa=unmcsuf (1) t& jynfyrS jrefrmEdiio@kd jyefvmcJonf? r-qSf G kfH D kfH h v wygwtpd;k &tm;qef@usirj_ zifh 1967 ckEp/f wkwf - Armta&;tcif;wGif (1) }ur/f 1974 ckEp/f D f S d S OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wGif (1) }ur/f 1977 ckEpwif yk'r 124 (u) jzifh (1) }ur/f (3) }urf axmifoi;f d Sf G f d d G tusO;f csxm;jcif;cHc&onf? uavmifjzifvnf;aumif;/ vufeufjzifvnf;aumif;/ 'Drua&pDjzifvnf; hJ h h kd h aumif;/ r-q-v wygwtpd;k &tm; (26) ESpv;kH vH;k awmfveconf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l D f S f hJ Sf 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif aumhr; rd e,fY oydwacgi;f aqmifwOD;tjzpfyg0ifconf? 'Drua&pDukd kd f hJ kd toufEixyfwcspjf rwfE;kd I aumhr; rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfukd pwiftajcpducaomacgi;f S hf l kd k f hJ aqmifjzpfonf? xdi;f Edii/H avmEdiiEihf uarBm'D;,m;Ediirsm;od@k a&mufz;l aezl;onf? ZeD; a':cif0if; k kf kfHS kfH aqG/ om;ausmaqG0if; (tmvl;) wk@d Eitwl aumhr; rd wGif tajccsaexdionf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbm f S hf kf S v (6) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS &efuewi;f ppfXmecsKyfvufatmufcH oHvsif rd / trSwf (90) G S k f kd ajcvsiwyf&if;wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&+y;D / 2001 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@wijf yefvwonf? f hJ S f G G f 3? ausmufwwm;re,frqENe,f? H J OD;wifpdk; (py,fOD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifp;kd onf ausmufwwm;rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; H J G kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (14151)rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (82 66) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;csp/f trd a': jrcifw@kd rS 1941 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ S G h {&m0wDwi;f / ig;odi;f acsmif;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;wifp;dk onf 1946 ckEpwif &efuef rd / aq;u&uf[wf kd k Sf G k (pde@f aygv) ausmif;wGif pwifausmif;aecJonf? 1948-49 ckEpwif rdbrsm;pD;yGm;a&;tqifrajyojzifh f h Sf G xdausmif;rSxuc+hJ y;D / &efuef rd / armfwifvrf;/ tpd;k &jrrmvmtv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;ajymif; k G f k ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1951 ckEpwif zcifu,veI rdcifEitwl pD;yGm;a&;vkyief;rsm;wGif ulnD h Sf G G f Gf S hf f vkyuiay;cJ&onf? 1956 ckEpwif A[dtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;od@k ajymif;a&$@ynmoif=um;&if;/ f kd f h Sf G k pD;yGm;a&;owif;pmwdkufwGif jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;XmerSxkwfjyefonfh owif;jyef=um;csufrsm; oGm;a&muf,&onfh atmufajctvkyorm;b0/ vpmaiG (60d-) pm; tvkyukd pwif0ifa&muf l f f vkyuiconf? 1958 ckEpEihf 1959 ckEpw@kd wif A[dtrsK;d om; txufwef;ausmif;rS '\rwef;udk f kd f hJ SfS Sf G k (2) }urajzqdcaomfvnf; ratmifojzifh ausmif;rSxuconf? 1958 ckEpwif OD;atmifjrif (q&m df k hJ G f hJ Sf G rd rarmif) . ac:,lra=umifh &efueowif;pmwduo@kd ajymif;a&$vkyuiconf? xd@k aemuf oHr%d _ kf k f f kd f hJ owif;pm/ ta&;ay:owif;pm/ v#yppfowif;pm/ jynfausmowif;pm/ rD;'kwowif;pmrsm;wGif (pmjyif/ f f f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f zdrif/ vufaxmuft,f'wm/ t,f'wm) tqiftxd if;.u;d pm;r_rsm;a=umifh q&morm;rsm;u k D D h wd;k jriwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 1960 jynfEpwif owif;pmvkyief;rsm;rSwqifh _r0 OD;ausmu hf hJ hSf G f f ac:,lojzifh _r0r*~Zif;wGivnf;aumif;/ 1962 ckEpwif aiGwm&Dr*~Zif;wdursm;od@k vnf;aumif; f S f G k f ajymif;a&$vkyuiconf? 1964 ckEpwif py,fO;D pmayjzef@csa&;udk ud,yiwnfaxmifI pmtkyf f kd f hJ Sf G d k f kd f pmwrf;rsm;pGm xkwa0vkyuiconf? py,fO;D jrefrm0wKwdr*~Zif;udk 1984 ckEp/f pufwifbmvrSpI f f kd f hJ k S pmwnf;csKyftjzpf wnf;jzwfxwa0cJonf? 1967 ckEp/f arv (18) &ufae@rpI 1968 ckEp/f ZGev k f h S S S f (18) &ufae@txd yk'r (5) jzifh tif;pdetusO;f axmifwif (13) v=umr# zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? f f G hJ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif pmayESihf tEkynm&Sirsm;tzG@J udk hS Sf D kd f pwifz@JG pnf;OD;aqmifol (5) OD;xJwif yg0ifc+hJ y;D / 'Drua&pDawmif;qdqENjyyGrsm;wGif wufupmyg0ifconf? G kd k J GG hJ 1988 ckEp/f =o*kwv (24) &ufae@wif &efuejf ynfo@l aq;H}k uD;0if;twGi;f Y pmayESitEkynm&Sif S f G k hf rsm;tzG@J rS a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmEdiiwif yxrqH;k vlxw&m;yGjJ zpfajrmufa&;wGif yg0ifO;D aqmif kfH G k cJonf? 1988 ckEptwGi;f jzpfay:cJonfh 'Drua&pDawmif;qdyrsm;wGif qENjyr_rsm;udk wufupmtm;ay; h Sf h kd k JG GG ulnc+hJ y;D / ppfwyfrtm%modr;f +y;D aemufyi;f txd qufvufqENjyv_y&m;oltcsKd udk ulnyy;kd cJojzifh D S kd fS D hH h Ediiawmftm; aESmif,uzsuq;D vdorsm;. ab;tE &m,frS umuG,apmifa&SmufonfOya'jzifh 1988 kfH h S f f k l W f h h ckEp/f atmufwbmv (2) &ufae@rS 1989 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (19) &ufae@txd (Zm*em/ Zif0i;f / rd;k 0if;) S kd S D kd wd@k Eitwl zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? ausmufwwm;rd e,f/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l S hf hJ H kd v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoi;f +y;D aemuf 1990 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (8) f kd f f G hS D &ufae@rS (26) &ufae@txd xyfrzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ A[dk H hJ kd owif;ESijhf yef=um;a&;aumfrwDwif twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? py,fO;D ky&if tpk&i/f OD;pD;/ G G f hJ fS S 'guwmwifarmifp;kd trnfjzifh tazwck om;wckky&if kuu;l cJonf? (py,fO;D ) OD;wifp;kd trnfjzifh dk f fS d f h vlorsm;onf? d ausmufwwm;re,frS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f H $ f dk f OD;wifpdk;. 1990 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJtuumvwGif jzef@a0onfh vufurf;pmapmifwGifyg0ifcJhaom tcsuftcsKd@ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftaejzifvnf;aumif;/ ausmufwwm;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf kd h H $ f ud,pm;vS,wOD;taejzifaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJqEN&irbjynforsm; vdvm;awmif;wvsu&aom k f f h Sfd l k f dS 'Drua&pDEiiawmfopf jyefvnfxaxmifa&;twGuf uk,pr;f &Sor#/ ^m%fpr;f &Sor#jzifh pGr;f pGr;f wrH kd kd f H l d fG d G d jynfo@l tusK;d / wki;f jynftusK;d udk onfy;kd xrf;aqmifom;rnfjzpfa=umif; uwdopPmyygonf? d G jynfol@qENESifhqef@usifr_r&SdapbJ trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;tjzpfcH,lvkyfaqmifI trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzG@J csKyfO;D aqmifrj_ zifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. wEdiiv;kH rSjynfo@l ud,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf kd kfH k f f twl rJqEN&ijf ynfol vlxutpOfav;pm;OD;xdyxm;I jynfoomv#if trd/ jynfoomv#if tz S k kd f l l cH,csujf zifh vkyaqmifom;rnfjzpfa=umif; av;eufpmqENyygw,f? l f G G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 4? ausmufwef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmoef;+idrf;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmoef;+idr;f onf ausmufwef;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17018) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (64 95) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ausmufwef;rd e,f/ caemif&mZmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckEp/f =o*kwv f hJ G S f (5) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;armifpe.om; jzpfonf? a'guwmoef;+ir;f onf rd rtxufwef;ausmif; G df f d (&efue) rS wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efueaq;wuUovrS 1963 ckEpwif q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? kf kd f kf kd f Sf G d hJ 1964 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd use;f rma&;OD;pD;Xme vufaxmufq&m0ef/ rd e,fq&m0ef/ 1982 ckEprS Sf Sf Sf 1984 ckEptxd oD&vuFmEdiiwif ukvor*~apwemh0efxrf;q&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l Sf d kfH G Sf 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiygI tvkyrS t+ir;f pm;ay;jcif;cHc&onf? xd@k aemuf ud,yiaq;ukcef;zGihf kd f f d hJ k f kd f vSpvyuiconf? 1997 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (21) &ufae@wif omauw&Jpcef;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D / f k f kd f hJ S D G 1972 ckEp/f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH jynfo@l use;f rma&;qdi&mOya' yk'r 9 (1) (*) t& tr_zihf ta&; S kf kf f G ,ljcif;cHc&onf? 1997 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (28) &ufae@wif r&rf;uke;f rd e,ftzG@J csKyf;kH wGif tzG@J csKyf hJ S kd G vli,frsm;wm0efay;tyfjcif;tpnf;ta0;yvky&efppOfc&m tpd;k &qef@usia&;qlyvy&m;r_ yvky&ef f D hJ f l _fS f pDpOfconf[qum 1997 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (17) &ufae@wif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+yD;/ 1997 hJ k kd S D G hJ ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (26) &ufae@wif &efuetaemufyi;f cdif w&m;H;k Y 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrr_ S k G kf kd k hS H tufOya' yk'r 5 (n) jzifh tr_ziw&m;pGqcI/ 1997 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (9) &ufae@wif tvkyEihf f G hf J kd hJ S G fS axmif'%f (7) ESpcsrwconf? 2004 ckEp/f Zlviv (23) &ufae@wif vGw&ufaphaeaomfvnf; f S f hJ S kd f G f yk'r 10 (u) jzifh aemufxyfjypf'%f &ufaygi;f (60) pD oH;k }urcsrwc+hJ y;D aemuf 2004 ckEp/f pufwifbmv f df S f S (21)&ufae@wif tif;pdeA[dtusO;f axmifrS om,m0wDtusO;f axmif/ xdrS aygi;f wnfaxmif/ xdrS G f k k k jynftusO;f axmifw@kd o@kd tqifqifajymif;a&$@conf? 2005 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (5) &ufae@wif wzef h h hJ S D G xyfw;kd jypf'%f (1) ESpcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 2006 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (18) &ufae@wif yk'r 10 (u) jzifh f S hJ S D G f aemufxyf axmif'%f (1) ESpf wd;k jricsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? hf S hJ 5? ausmufwef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfr;}uD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pk;d !Ge@f onf ausmufwef;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (16226) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 95) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1936 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (18) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz ODay:v_i.om; hJ S kd G df jzpfonf? OD;pd;k !Ge@f onf &efuewuUovrS 0dZm (ordi;f ) bJ@G &&Sconf? wyfrawmfrS 'kw,Advr; }u;D kf kd f k d hJ d k f tqifjh zifh t+ir;f pm;,lconf? jynfwi;f tcGeO;D pD;Xme !e=f um;a&;r;/ jrefrmhxwueoi;f ukeaumfydk d hJ f G f k f kf G f a&;&Si;f OD;aqmif!e=f um;a&;r;wm0efw@dk ukd xrf;aqmifconf? r&rf;uke;f rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pD Jh kd tzG@J csKyf OuU/ &efuewi;f pnf; wm0efw@dk u,conf? OD;pk;d !Ge@f onf 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrr_ k f kd kd l hJ hS H tufOya' yk'r 5 (u) (c) (n) t& jypf'%fp&ifjcif;cHc&I a&G;aumufyOya'yk'r 11 (n) ESihf +id f D hJ GJ f pGe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv $ f kd f f f f S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (20) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? aemif (10) ESptwGif usi;f yrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;wGif 0ifa&muf,Of yif G h f JG S d cGiuvnf; ydwyifconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfEihf rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J w@kd u tzJ@G 0if hf kd f hJ kd S fJ tjzpfrxwy,fconf? S k f hJ 6? =unfjh rifwif re,frqENe,f? kd J OD;vSxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSxe;f onf =unfjh rifwif rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI G kd J G kd f k f 0if a&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (26774) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (75 5) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? Arm/ Ak'bmomrdbrsm;jzpfonfh tz OD;AsKd pdi/f trd a':apm[efw@kd rS 1941 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv hJ < k S k (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? urm&Gwf rd e,fZmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSxe;f onf 1966 ckEpwif &efuef G h G Sf G k 0dZmESioywuUovrS 0dZmbG@J (pD;yGm;a&;ynm/ pm&if;tif;ynm/ d;k d;k ocsm/ t*Fvypm) &&Sconf? hf d H` kd f F df d hJ 1961-62 ckEpwif ynma&;wuUovf avhusia&;ausmif;/ ausmif;om;or*~twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif Sf G kd hf &Guconf? 1965-66 ckEprS 1969-70 ckEptxd vli,fa&;&mnausmif; vdif rd e,f tpd;k &txufwef; f hJ Sf Sf _ ausmif;trSwf (1) Y apwemq&mtjzpf vkytm;ay;cJonf? 1986 ckEp/f arv (29) &ufae@wif f h S G 'kw,!e=f um;a&;r;tqifh (1) &mxl;jzifh pDrue;f a&;qGa&;OD;pD;Xme (pDrue;f ESihf bma&;0ef}u;D Xme) d H d J H d wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1986 ckEp/f =o*kwv (15) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (18) hJ S f S &ufae@txd {&m0wDwi;f / wki;f pDrue;f OD;pD;r;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? jynfwi;f oifwef;rsm; kd d H d hJ G tjzpf pDrue;f u|r;f usir_ tqifh (2)/ oifwef;trSwpOf (1)/ (pDrue;f a&;qGa&;OD;pD;Xme) ESihf v,f,mESihf H d f f H d J aus;vufa'ozG@H z;d a&; &if;ES;D jrK yErvyief;rsm; a&G;cs,owfrwjf cif;/ tusK;d tjrwfo;kH oyfjcif;/ }u;D =uyf f HS _ k f f S uGyujJ cif;qdi&m vkyief;cGioifwef;rsm;od@k wufa&mufconf? jynfyoifwef;rsm;tjzpf ukvor*~ f kf f f hJ pduysK;d a&;ESipm;eyf&umtzG@J rS }uD;r;usi;f yaom +AdweEii/H refcsupwmwuUovY zGivponfh k f hf d Q d f kd f f kd f hf S f pduysK;d a&;ESiaus;vufa'ozG@H z;d a&;pDrcef@cr_ oifwef;atmifjrifconf? tD*spEii/H udikd rd wGif usi;f k f hf H JG hJ f kd f k f yaom v,f,mpduysK;d a&;ESiaus;vufa'ozG@H zd;a&;oifwef;od@k wufa&mufavhvmcJonf? 1350 k f hf h jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif ykorf rd / +ir;f csr;f pGm vlxqENazmfxwa&; hS Sf D kd d d k k f aumfrwDwif bma&;r;tjzpfaqmif&uc+hJ y;D / ykorf ta&SESitaemuf rd e,fv;kH qdi&m &[ef;&Siv/l G G f d hf kf f ausmif;om;/ ausmif;ol/ rdbjynfow@kd . 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_qENjyyGukd pepfwus }u;D =uyfuyuaqmif l kd _fS J Gf J &Guch+J yD; {&m0wDwi;f Xmeqdi&m0efxrf;aygi;f pHor*~ twGi;f a&;r; (,m,D) tjzpf pnf;H;k v_y&m; f kd kf k fS aqmif&uconf? 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@wif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+yD; 1988 G f hJ S G hJ ckEp/f atmufwbmv (23) &ufae@wif tvkyrt+idr;f pm;ay;I ykoraxmifrjS yefvway;cJonf? S kd G fS df $ f h =unfjh rifwif rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKywif rd e,fO;D pD;tzJ@G 0ifEihf ukeo,p;D yGm;vkyief;tzG@J wif kd kd f G S f G f f G tzJ@G 0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dueo,p;D yGm;vkyief;tzG@J wif tzG@J 0if kd k kf G f f G tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&uconf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,f G f hJ hS rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,O;D bbGm;. aetdrwif yvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k & $ f dk f f f G f zJ@G pnf;a&; v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufI wufwufuG uaqG;aEG;cJonf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwif f G h hS bmv (30) &ufae@u rE av;taemufawmifrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf;kH wGif yvkyaom W kd f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ,m,Dtpd;k & zJ@G pnf;a&;v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;od@k vnf; wufa&mufI wufwufuGuGaqG;aEG;cJonfh f h trmcH Hard Core (6) OD;wGif yg0ifonf? 1990 jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (1) &ufae@u rE av;hS kd W arrd um;vrf;ab; qefpuftaqmufttHwif yvkyaom e,fpyfwae&mwGif ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;&ef k G f udpP v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;od@k vnf;wufa&mufconf? &efuef rd od@k jyefa&mufpOf awmxJom;I ,m,D f hJ k G tpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;udpukd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,Eihf wm0ef&dS olrsm; P kd $ f dk f fS jzpf=uaom OD;wifarmifjrif/h OD;cifarmifaqG (prf;acsmif;)/ a'guwmpef;atmif(t*Fy-2)/ OD;armifukd f l (trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dvyief;tzG@J ) wd@k ukd today;cJonf? jynfyoH;kH rsm;ESitquf toG,f kd k kf h hf &&ef a'guwmwifaqG (ykv-1)/ a'guwmpef;atmif (t*Fy-2) wd@k Eitwl tm;xkwcI oufqi&mrS f h J f l S hf f hJ kd f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D / 1992 ckEp/f {+yvwGif ppfc;Hk wif+y;D axmif'%f (25) ESpf csrwjf cif;cHc&onf? hJ S D Hk S hJ ,if;aemuf OD;vSxe;f tm; jypfrqi&mOya'yk'r 122 (1) t& jypf'%fp&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJ G _ kd f f D Oya'yk'r 11 (n) ESi+hf ipe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rkd f dG $ f kd f f f D kH D ua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? aemif yvkyrnfa&G;aumufyrsm;Y JG f h f h JG yg0if,Of yiciuvnf;ydwyifconf? 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wif axmifrjS yefvwonf? S d f G hf kd f hJ S G G f OD;vSxe;f axmifrjS yefvnfvwajrmufvm+y;D aemuf aq;0g;vkyief;pufwif wm0efxrf;aqmifaeol G G f f Hk G OD;vSxe;f .ZeD;a': jroef;tm; vufaxmufpuf;Hk r;rSac:,lawG@qI cifye;f onftaejzifh trsK;d om; G kH G 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrEwxua=umif;/ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif;pm ,lvm&ef kd Sk f G f f dk f f f G f ajymqdconf? xduo@kd r[kwaqmifv#if a': jroef;ESiorD;jzpforEG,exe;f wd@k tvkyxcurnfjzpf k hJ k hJ f hf l fD G f d dk f a=umif;+cdr;f ajcmufajymqdconf? orD;jzpformvnf; aq;0g;vkyief;pufwif tvkyvyaejcif;jzpf k hJ lS f Hk G f kf onf? tqdygupEiywfoufI rdom;pktwGi;f aqG;aEG;+yD;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrm w&m;0if k d P S hf kd S rSwywifxm;onfh Ediia&;ygwjD zpfojzifh w&m;0ifygw. tzG@J 0ifjzpfjcif;onf Oya'csK;d azmufjcif; f kH kfH D r[kwonfjh yif vlxqENtm; av;pm;aoma=umifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrvnf; rEkwf f k $ f dk f f S xGuEi/f ,k=H unfcsutm;rpGe@f Eiojzifh xGucsi;f xGuv#if ZeD;ESiorD;om puftr_xrf;tjzpfrS f kd f dk f f f hf Hk xGu&efq;Hk jzwfc=hJ u+y;D / vufaxmufpufr; OD;wifjrifo@kd ta=umif;jyefc&m orD;jzpfol EG,exe;f ukd f Hk h hJ fD G &ufyi;f twGi;f vkyief;vdtyfcsur&S[ta=umif;jyI tvkyrxwypfconf? xd@k aemuf a': jroef;tm; kd f k f d k f S k f hJ yifpifwif&ef twif;tusyf zdtm;ay;vmcJonf? wESpausm=f um+y;D 2000 jynfEp/f ZGev (6) &ufae@ h f hS f wGif a': jroef;tm; vufaxmufpufr; rS yifpifrwifv#if e,fo@kd ajymif;a&$@tr_xrf;&rnf[k ajymvmcJh kH ojzifh 2000 jynfEp/f ZGev (26) &ufae@wif OD;vSxe;f .ZeD; a': jroef;taejzifh yifpifwif&ef qENr&Sd hS f G G aomfvnf;/ rdr.qENt&[kqum yifpifwifc&onf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l d kd hJ S f G v$wfawmfudk,fpm;yaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@ v$wawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; f kd f fl S f G h $ f kd f vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 7? uGrf;jcHukef;re,frJqENe,f? OD;,k*ef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;,k*efonf uGr;f jcHue;f rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI k J G kd k f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (28198) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 68) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f hJ onf? 1925 ckEpzm; jzpfonf? OD;a0VK.om; jzpfonf? OD;,k*efonf 1940-41 ckEpwif q,fwef; SfG Sf G atmifjrifconf? 1942 ckEpwif Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat) od@k 0ifI rsuyg;&yf Advf hJ Sf G G f kd f f k oifwef;wufa&mufconf? wyfr; (rwW&m/ pOfu;l ESihf xH;k }u;D rd e,f)/ 1943 ckEpwif tm&Svi,f OuU/ hJ h Sf G l 1944 ckEprS 1955 ckEptxd ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at) Advr; }u;D Axl;wyfwif rd e,fwyfcr; Sf Sf f D k f G GJ oifwef;wufI rE av;ajrmufyi;f rd e,frsm;od@k ppfa&;acgi;f aqmif/ 1945 ckEpwif ArmhrsK;d cspwyfr W kd Sf G f awmf (yDbtufz) wyfr; (rE av;/ rwW&m/ pOfu;l / xH;k }u;D / ppfa&;wm0efc)/ 1945 ckEprS 1948 ckEptxd D f W h H Sf Sf AdvcsKyfatmifqef; ESitwl z-q-y-v pnf;H;k a&;/ 1947 ckEp/f zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHpnf;rsO;f a&;qGJ k f hf S f kH a&;ud,pm;vS,/f 1945 ckEprS 1951 ckEptxd ud,yip;D yGm;a&;vkyief;&Si/f 1951 ckEprS 1983 ckEptxd k f Sf Sf k f kd f f Sf Sf b%ft&m&S/d 1983 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; Sf G d hJ Sf D kd awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufupmyg0ifconf? &Jabmfa[mif;or*~ OuU/ (wyfr; a[mif;ESihf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm; GG hJ tzJ@G ) rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J A[dO;D pD;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fem,u/ vGwvyfa&; fJ k kd f armfuGef;0ifESifh wkdufyJG0ifwHqdyfrsm;csD;jrifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? 0efxef;tjzpfESifh jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf ygw0ifjzpfconf? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1996 ckEp/f ZGev (7) D hJ D kH D kd JG f S f &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1261) jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGuf a=umif;a=unmcJonf? h uGrf;jcHukef;re,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;,k*ef. rJqG,fpnf;Hk;pOfumvu vufurf;pmapmifwGifygcJhaom tcsuftcsKd u|efawmf,k*eftaejzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepfjzifhomvsif EdkifiHawmftwGuf trGefjrwfqHk;/ taumif;qHk;/ w&m;tr#wqHk;aom tkyfcsKyfr_pepfjzpfa=umif; tav;teuf,Hk=unfygaoma=umifh tiftm;jynfh yg0ifaqmif&Gufrnf[k t"dXmefyygonf? 8? udkudk;u|ef;re,frJqENe,f? OD;vSoef;/ trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,ve) d kd f G f (1) trnf OD;vSoef; (2) Ediiom;vufrwtrSwf kfH S f 12urw (Edi) 008214 kf (3) vlrsK;d bmom ArmAk'bmom < (4) rdbtrnf OD;odef;az/ a':!Gef@ (5) ynmt&nftcsif; Oya'bGJ@ (LL.B.) (6) tvkyftudkif A[dw&m;H;k csKyfa&Sae k (7) avhvmoif=um;wwfajrmufcJhaomynm&yfrsm; Oya'ynm/ pDrHcef@cGJtkyfcsKyfr_ynm/ pm&if;tif;ynm/ vufa&;wdkynm
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f OD;vSoef;onf udu;kd u|e;f rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI k J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (246) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (56 94) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? [Hom0wDcdi/f uGr;f jcue;f rd tydi/f 0g;bavmufaomufaus;&GmwGif v,f,mvkyuiol hJ k H k k f kd f tz OD;ode;f az/ trd a':!Ge@f w@kd rS 1947 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (25) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? arG;csi;f (8) S D G h OD;teuf owWrajrmufjzpfonf? rlvwef;ynmudk 0g;bavmufaomufaus;&Gm rlvwef;ausmif; wGivnf;aumif;/ tv,fwef;ynmudk armfvrif rd / armifi&yf/ trSwf (2) tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif f d H vnf;aumif;owWrwef;atmifjrifonf txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1965 ckEpwif wyfrawmf (a&wyf) h Sf G od@k 0ifa&mufI a&wyfom;tjzpfjzifh &wemyHa&wyfpcef;/ ppfawGa&wyfpcef;/ wdua&,mOf (110) k k f a&wyfurf;wufwucua&;wyf&if;/ ppf;kH csKyf/ umuG,a&;OD;pD;csKyf;kH (a&)/ wm0ef (2) XmepkEihf ppfa& kd f kd f f S ,mOf &ef}u;D atmifw@kd wif 1977 ckEp/f arvtxd tr_xrf;cJ+h y;D vkyoufyifpifjzifh t+ir;f pm;,lconf? G S f d hJ wyfrawmf (a&wyf) wGitr_xrf;pOf edrusaomb0rS vGwajrmuf&ef rdru,yitem;,l&rnftcseukd f hf f d kd f kd f h df wefb;kd &SpmtoH;k csI jrefrmvufa&;wdynmudvnf;aumif;/ pm&if;tif;ynmudvnf;aumif; avhvm dG k k k oif,conf? (5) ESpausmr# jywfawmufaeaom ausmif;ynma&;udk tXrwef;rSpI qufvuf l hJ f f oif,c&m 1975 ckEpwif (10) wef;pmar;yGukd lyaA'bmom*k%x;l jzifh atmifjrifconf? wyfrawmf l hJ Sf G J f hJ (a&wyf) rS t+ir;f pm;,l+y;D (3) ESpt=um/ 1979-80 ckEpwif &efue0ZmESioywuUovf rS Oya'bG@J d f Sf G k f d hf d H` kd (LL.B.) &&Sconf? 1981 ckEprpI a&Saeavmuod@k 0ifa&mufc+hJ yD;/ txufwef;a&Sae/ A[dw&m; d hJ SfS k H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpf &mZ0wfr/_ w&m;rr_rsm;pGmudk jrefrmwEdiiv;kH &Sd w&m;H;k rsm;wGif a'ora&G;vduyg kfH k f aqmif&uconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif &efuea&Saersm; G f hJ hS Sf D kd kf tzG@J Eihf =unfjh rifwif rd e,fw@kd rS OD;aqmifyg0ifvy&m;cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf wnfaxmif S kd _fS h kd onftcg tzG@J 0iftjzpftqdk ycJ+h yD;/ pnf;H;k a&;umvwGif =unfjh rifwif rde,ftzG@J csKyf pDra&;&mtzG@J h kd H twGi;f a&;r;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ rd e,fyxrt}urnvmcHrS rd e,ftzG@J csKyf OuUtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ df D Ediiv;kH qdi&mnDvmcH ud,pm;vS,tjzpfvnf;aumif; a&G;cs,wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 1978 kfH kf k f f f hJ ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd =unfjh rifwif rd e,f ppfrxrf;a[mif;tzJ@G H;k tzJ@G r; / oufomvkyief; twGi;f Sf Sf dk _ f a&;r;tjzpf wm0ef,conf? 'Drua&pDEiiopfwnfaqmuf&mwGif wwftm;oa&G ud;yrf;aqmif l hJ kd kd f H &GuEia&;ESihf udu;kd u|e;f rd e,f&dS rJqEN&irsm;. 'Drua&pDvvm;aomqENukd tav;xm;aomtm;jzifh f kd f k Sf kd kd udu;kd u|e;f rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,Of yi&ef a&G;cs,qENycJonf? k $ f kd f f S df f h OD;vSoef;onf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) jynf hS J ol@vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrwif yvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&; v#Kd 0Sutpnf; $ f dk f f G f f ta0;ESihf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@ rE av;taemufawmifrde,f trsK;d om;'Drkd hS W ua&pDtzG@J csKyf;kH wGif yvkycaom ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcojzifh f hJ f hJ zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D / 1990 jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (23) &ufae@wif ppfc;kH rS tvky=f urf;ESihf hJ hS kd G kH axmif'%f (25) ESpf tjypfay;jcif;cHc&onf? OD;vSoef;onf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r 122 (1) t& hJ _ dk f f jypfrxif&m; pD&ifjcif;cHc&ojzifh a&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'r 11 (n) jzifnpe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmf _ S hJ f h dG $ f uk,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 d f f S f D kH D kd JG f ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? 1996 ckEpwif urBmuvor*~ txl;ud,pm; S G h Sf G h k k f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f vS,f ygarmuQ,Z,uwmxH axmifwi;f rSaeI pma&;om;ay;yd@k rj_ zifh aemufxyfaxmif'%f (7) ESpf kd kd kd kd G csrwcc&onf? 1996 ckEp/f ZGevtwGi;f wGif tjyif;zsm;I tif;pdeaxmifrS &efuejf ynfo@l aq;H}k u;D S f H hJ S f f k ajratmufxyf&dS tusO;f om;rsm;aq;ukaqmifo@kd y@kd Iaq;ukor_ycJ&m 1996 ckEp/f =o*kwv (2) &uf h S f ae@wif uG,veom;cJonf? OD;vSoef;u,vecsewif ZeD;onf a':qifEihf om;jzpfol udcifarmifwifh G f Gf G h f f df G hS k wd@k use&pfconf? f hJ =o*kwv (2) &ufae@u 1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumufyrm a&G;cs,c&wJh tJet,fv'tzG@J 0if f hS JG S fH f fD jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;vSoef;[m e0w&JEdiia&;tusO;f om;tjzpfe@J &efuejf ynfo@l aq;Hk $ f kd f kfH k }u;D rSm uG,vecygw,f? f G f hJ olu,pm;y rJqENe,fjzpfwhJ udu;kd u|e;f [m jrefrmEdiiwi;f rSm tao;qH;k jzpfayr,fvnf; kd f k kfH G h vlotrsm;qH;k ae&mjzpfygw,f? tdE,ork'&mxJrm&SwhJ 'Du|e;f pkav;&J yifru|e;f [m 1958 ckEpf d dN N S d S ppfwyfu yxrOD;qH;k t}udrf tm%modr;f +yD;wJaemuf Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm;udk jypf'%fcsrwwhJ h kfH S f ae&mjzpfwtwGuf emrnfq;kd eJ@ausm=f um;cJygw,f? tJ'ae&mrSm b,fuy=J unf=h unfh om,mvSy hJ h D kd aeygw,f? us,ajymvSwhJ yifv,fjyif/ jymvJvr;kd aumif;uif/ oJaomifjyifus,/f avwduwi;f ,dr;f EG@J f h hJ k f kd aqmhupm;aewJh tke;f yifawGe@J yg? tjypf'%fay;r_awGukd 1960 jynfEpawG&J aemufq;kH ESprsm;rSm zsuor;f vdu+f y;D / udu;kd u|e;f hSf f f d k k [m a&wyfpcef;tjzpf usecygawmhw,f? tkycsKyfa&;twGuf vdtyfw0efxrf;rsm;/ tke;f vkyief; f hJ f k hJ f vkyuiaewJh rdom;pkrsm;omaexdi=f uygawmhw,f? 1990 jynfEppm&if;t& u|e;f ay:rSm vlO;D a& f kd f k hSf (1000) omomav;yJ &Sygw,f? d a&G;aumufyusi;f yzd@k (23) &uftvdrm/ 1990 jynfEp/f arv (4) &ufae@rm OD;vSoef;eJ@ JG kS hS S tjcm; tJet,fv'tzG@J 0ifav;OD;wd@k [m udu;kd u|e;f udk xGucmoGm;cJ=h uygw,f? tJ'rm olw@kd wawG f fD k fG DS [m opfuav;/ 0g;uav;eJ@ tajcpdupcef;tjzpf bef*vdav;wckwnfaqmuf+yD; olw@kd vm&if; k f k &nf&,csuayguajrmufatmifjrifz@kd twGuf pwifav#mufvr;f ygawmhw,f? G f f f S wtdrwufwtdrqif; rJq,pnf;H;k r_ukd cGiryygb;l ? pm&Gupmwrf;rsm;jzef@a0jcif;udvnf; f f G f hf f k wif;=uyfwenf;Oya'rsm;eJ@ wm;jrpfxm;ygw,f? ausmif;q&mwOD;&Jaetdrukd ESp}f udrom;a&muf hJ f f G vnfywf+yD;wJaemuf OD;vSoef;tm; jynfo@l 0efxrf;awG&J tdrukd oGm;a&mufvnfywfjcif;ryawmh h f ygb;l vd@k 0efcwvufrwx;kd cdi;f ygw,f? OD;vSoef;ujiif;qdvu+f y;D ol[m vlra&;t&oGm;a&mufvnf H hJ S f k k kd _ ywfwmjzpfw,f? a&G;aumufyupe@J vH;k 0ywfoufjcif;r&Sb;l vd@k &Si;f jycJygw,f? JG d P d h uef@owfwm;jrpfcsuawG b,fvyrsm;rsm; a=umuf&HG pdwv;kH 0r&SwhJ &J&ifvwhJ ol&aumif; f kd J f d h S J ig;OD;[m olw@kd tzG@J &J vkyief;wm0efrsm;udxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD;/ jynfra'ou Ediia&;wd;k wufajymif;vJr_ f k kfH awGe@J a0;uGmaewJh u|e;f ay:ujynfoawGtwGuf 'Drua&pDowif;pum;udk vufqifurf;Edic=hJ uygw,f? l kd h kf rkwoe&moDu pwifaeayr,fvnf; arv (27) &ufae@ reufae[m awmufypGm xGuay: f kf h f vmygawmhw,f? touf (18) ESpausmv@kd rJay;cGi&=uwJol (613) OD; &Swteufu (450) eD;yg;[m f f hf h d hJ u|e;f ay:&SrkH ESprm OD;vSoef;eJ@ jrefrmEdiiukd (26) ESp=f umtkycsKyfcwhJ jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwukd d J f kH S kfH f hJ kd S f D trnfajymif;xm;wJh wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwu ud,pm;vS,w@kd teuf olw@kd Epouf&mudk k G f D k f f Sf rJay;cJ=h uygw,f? rJay;r_awG[m nae (4) em&Davmufrm +y;D oGm;+y;D n (7) em&Dcavmufrm rJa&wGur_ S JG S f awG+yD;qH;k oGm;cJygw,f? h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f rJay;ydici&ol pkpaygi;f &J (56 94) &mcdiEe;f udk tifet,fv'&J ud,pm;vS,u &&Scygw,f? k f G hf dS k kf_ f fD k f f d hJ udu;kd u|e;f urJay;r_ukd a&G;aumufytao;pm;av;vd@k ajym=uayr,fvnf; OD;vSoef;eJ@ ol@&J tzG@J om; k JG h awGtwGuuawmh r[matmifyygy? olw@kd wawG &efueujkd yefvmwJtcgrm vkyazmfuizufawG f JG J kf h S f kd f axmufctm;ay;olawGu ol&aumif;awGtjzpf aumif;pGmuq=kd uygw,f? H J d v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf ta&G;cs,c&pOfwe;f u OD;vSoef;&Jtouf[m (45) ESpyJ f kd f f fH k f &Sygao;w,f? ol[m v,form;rdbESpyg;u arG;zGm;cJwmjzpf+y;D / tv,fwef;ynmtqifukd armfvrif d f h h d rSm +y;D qH;k cJygw,f? toufEpq,ft&G,rm ol[m a&wyfx0ifa&muftr_xrf;cJygw,f? &nf&,csuf h Sf fS J h G f cdirm+y;D / u;d pm;wJvi,fav;[m ynm&Jwefb;kd udk aumif;pGmem;vnf,=kH unfwtwGuf a&wyfxrm kf h l hJ JS tr_xrf;aepOfumvtwGi;f rSm ynmudqufvufavhvmoif,+l yD;/ txufwef;pmar;yGukd 1975 k J ckEprm atmifjrifcygw,f? 1977 ckEprm a&wyfuae t+ir;f pm;,l+y;D aemuf Oya'ynm&yfukd quf SfS hJ SfS d vufavhvmcJ&m 1980 jynfEprm &efuewuUovu Oya'bG@J u&cJygw,f? h hSfS kf kd f kd h 1988 ckEpf 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_}u;D rSm OD;vSoef;[m &efuea&Saersm;toif;uae wufupm S kd _fS kf GG yg0ifvy&m;cJygw,f? aemufyi;f rSm tifet,fv'tzG@J x0ifa&mufvm+y;D &efuewi;f twGi;f ta&; _fS h kd f fD J k f kd t}uD;qH;k rde,fawGxu rde,fwck&J ygwOuU jzpfvmygw,f? a&G;aumufytwGuf jyifqifrawG J D JG _ pwifwtcg olu Ediia&;t& Ed;k =um;r_oyr&SwhJ udu;kd u|e;f rJqENe,fajr&Jud,pm;vS,tjzpf ta&G;cH hJ kfH df d k k f f r,fv@kd tqdk yygw,f? ol@tqdk ycsuukd tm;vH;k u 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmeJ@ vufc=H uygw,f? f a&G;aumufy&v'fw&m;0ifxwjf yefa=unmr_[m &ufowWywf tenf;i,f=umayrJvnf; JG k h tifef t,fv'[m jywfjywfom;om;tEdi&cJw,fqwm tm;vH;k odc=hJ uygw,f? wwdi;f jynfv;kH aysm&if fD kf h kd k f$ ae=uygw,f? q,fpEpo;kH cktwGi;f yxrqH;k usi;f ywJh 'Drua&pDuswhJ a&G;aumufyuxGuvmwJ&v'f kSf kd JG f h twGuf *k%,ae=uygw,f? t&nftcsi;f &S+d yD; tm;ud;k &wJh tpd;k &rsK;d / jynfwi;f ua&m jynfyuyg f l G ,H=k unfav;pm;r_u&r,ftpd;k &rsK;d / aemufq;kH rSm ay:xGuvm+yqwhJ ,H=k unfre@J twl tem*wftwGuf kd h f D kd _ ar#mvifcsuawG tjynfe@J ygy? f h f h J aemufyi;f rSm jrefrmjynfxu tenf;i,faomvlwcsKd @[m t&Sur&Sq;kH / odumtrJq;kH vky&yf kd J f d Q h f awGeJ@ jynfolvlxktay: vdrfnmvSnfhpm;awmhr,fqdk+yD; oHo,awG&SdcJhygw,f? wcsKdawGtaeeJ@ tm%mudk 'Drdkua&pDenf;ususv$Jay;r,fqdkwJh uwdpum;awG[m udkudk;u|ef;urf;ajcwav#muf avwduv@kd viarsmaewJh tke;f &GuajcmufawGe@J rjcm; jzpfawmhrmyJv@kd em;vnfvm=uygw,f? k f G hf f S a&G;aumufy+JG y;D vd@k (2) v=umvmyg+y? e0w[m tm%mudpe@f vwz@kd t&dyvuQ%mvnf; D kG $ f f rjyygb;l ? v$wawmfac:,lusi;f yzd@k uvnf; rpDpOfygb;l ? Ediia&;&moDOwkom pwift@kH ri;f vmygawmh f kd kfH d_ w,f? pufwifbmvrSm bbOD;=unfarmife@J tifet,fv'&J t"duuswhJ tjcm;tzG@J 0ifawG tzrf;cH f fD &wJtcsermawmh tH@k ri;f aewJ&moDOwk[m ydrq;kd &Gm;vmygawmhw,f? aemufvrSmawmh OD;vSoef; h dfS d_ h k kd tygt0if v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tawmfrsm;rsm;[m tzrf;cH=u&ygw,f? OD;vSoef;[m 1991 ckEp/f f kd f f S {+yvrSm ppfc;kH wifw&m;pGqc&+y;D pifyitpd;k &xlaxmifa&;rSm yl;aygi;f yg0ifywfoufw,fv@kd qum D kH J kd H df kd tvky=f urf;eJ@axmif'%f (25) ESpf csrwjf cif;udcc&ygw,f? tck ig;ESp=f umcJyg+y? rSeuefrr&SwhJ Oya' S k H hJ h D f _ d a&;&mtpDtpOf&J &ufpuf=urf;uwfwhJ w&m;pD&ifrpepf&J om;aumiftjzpfe@J olaoqH;k oGm;cJ&yg+y? _ h D a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJpm tusO;f axmifwi;f aoqH;k jcif; (1) rS h G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f =o*kwv (2) &ufae@rm vuf&jdS refrmEdiiutycsKyfaewJh ppftpd;k &&JEdiia&;tusO;f om; f S k f H kd k f kfH tjzpfe@J aoqH;k oGm;wJh udu;kd u|e;f rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f tifet,fv'tzG@J 0if k $ f kd f f fD OD;vSoef;&Jaopm&if;rSwwrf;rSm wDba&m*ge@J HIV a&m*gy;kd ul;pufrw@kd a=umifh aoqH;k cJ&w,fv@kd f D _ h azmfjyxm;ygw,f? wduwuqiqif olaoqH;k wJae@rmyJ befaumufu The Nation owif;pmrSm OD;vSoef; k f kd f kd f kd h S (6) ESpe;D yg; tusO;f uscc&wJh tif;pdeaxmifwi;f eJ@ jrefrmjynfwi;f u tusO;f axmifawGta=umif; f H hJ f G G &Si;f vif;ajymjyxm;wJh ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwOD;&JtpD&ifcpmwapmif (Cries from Insein) ygvm H ygw,f? tJ'tpD&ifcpmu aq;0g;rSeuefpmoH;k pGrr&Sjd cif;a=umifh tusO;f axmifwi;f rSm HIV eJ@ AIDS D H f G J_ G a&m*gjyef@ym;r_awG wd;k wufrsm;jym;aew,fv@kd qygw,f? aq;xd;k r_awGyvkywtcg q&m0efawG [m G kd f hJ vlemwa,mufudk aq;ykvif;&Jw0uf 'grSr[kwf w0ufxufav#mhenf;pGm xdk;ay;+yD;wJhaemuf usewaq;udk aemufvemwa,mufukd 'Daq;xd;k tyf/ aq;xd;k yGee@J yJ qufvufx;kd ay;wJtwGuf f hJ l f h aoG;u wqifjh yef@ym;EdiwhJ b,fu;l pufa&m*grqdk ul;pufjyef@ym;zd@k &m aocsmygw,fv@kd qygw,f? G kf G kd vGwvyfwtzG@J tpnf;awG&J =unf_ ppfaq;r_r&SwhJ jrefrmEdiitwGi;f u tusO;f axmifrsm;&J f hJ h d kfH qd;k &Gm;vSwtajctaeawGa=umifh OD;vSoef;aoqH;k &jcif;jzpfw,fv@kd oHo,&SEiygw,f? 1995 ckEprm hJ d kd f SfS Ediiwum=uufajceDtoif;}u;D jrefrmEdiiuaexGucmoGm;&jcif;[m tm%mydiawGu tusO;f axmif kfH kfH fG kf wGi;f rStajctaeawGukd =unf_ ppfaq;cGiray;wJtwGuf jzpfygw,f? h hf h trSeawmh OD;vSoef;[m e0w&JtusO;f axmiftwGi;f rSm ,H=k unfcsua=umifh tusO;f uscH f f ae&olawGxu yxrOD;qH;k aoqH;k &olr[kwygb;l ? ud,&J Ediia&;,H=k unfcsuukd jrJjrHpmpGui&if; J f k hf k f H f G J kd f toufay;oGm;=uwJoawGxrm tifet,fv'uacgi;f aqmifwcsKd vnf; yg0ifygw,f? h l JS f fD a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJpm tusO;f axmifwi;f aoqH;k jcif; (2) rS h G 9? c&rf;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfoGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmoionf c&rf;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f f Gf J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (21278) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 01) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz ocifarmifarmif}uD;/ trd a': jr[efw@kd rS 1955 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (12) hJ S &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ausmoionf 1967 ckEpf wkw-jrefrmta&;tcif;wGif txu (1) G h f Gf S f ti,fwef;ausmif;om;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1974 ckEpf 'DZifbm OD;oef@ta&;tcif; G f hJ S wGif rE av;aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1975 ckEpwif blraA't"dujzifh &efuef W G f hJ Sf G d k wuUovo@kd a&muf&conf? 1975 ckEpf OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifvy&m;cJ+h y;D / OD;oef@ta&;tcif;rS kd f dS hJ S _fS wqifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pnf;H;k awmcdcojzifh rw&m;oif;tufOya' yk'r 17 (1) (2) jzifh axmif k hJ f '%f (3) ESpf tjypfay;jcif;cHc&onf? 1977 ckEpwif axmifrvwc+hJ y;D ud,yienf;jyoifwef;zGivpf hJ Sf G S G f k f kd f hf S vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1980-81 ckESpfwGif pmay;pm,ljzifh Oya'bmomoif,lcJhonf? Oya'wwd,ESpf txda&muf&conf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif c&rf;rde,f dS hJ S f D kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wyfaygi;f pkoydwaumfrwD wGzuftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf yg0ifaqmif&uconf? c&rf;rde,f f J G f hJ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rde,fpnf;H;k a&;wm0efctjzpf aqmif&uconf? OD;ausmoionf kd G H G f hJ f Gf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) jynfo@l vwawmfu,f hS J $ f dk pm;vS,O;D bbGm;. aetdrwif yvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;v#Kd 0Sutpnf; ta0;od@k wufa&muf f f G f f cJonf? ,if;ok@d wufa&mufconfta=umif;ESihf tpnf;ta0;tajctaeta=umif;pHukd 1990 jynfEp/f h hJ h k hS atmufwbmv (1) &ufae@wif c&rf;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f kd G J $ f kd f OD;wifarmif0if;xHo@kd oGm;a&muftoday;cJonf? xd@k twGuf oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif; cHc& h kd f hJ onf? OD;ausmoionf jypfrqi&m Oya'yk'r 122 (1) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&+y;D axmif'%f f Gf _ kd f f _ S (25) ESpf csrwtjypfay;jcif; cHc&onf? a&G;aumufyOya'yk'r 11 (n) ESinpe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmf S f hJ JG f hf d G $ f uk,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 d f f S f D kH D kd f ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yicihf S G h G f JG S dfG udvnf; ydwyifconf? 2004 ckEp/f {+yv (7) &ufae@wif xdi;f -jrefrme,fpyf vGwajrmuf e,fajr k f hJ S D G k f wae&mod@k a&muf&vmcJonf? 2005 ckEp/f {+yv (21) &ufae@wif ukvor*~'uonfrsm;qdi&m dS h S D G k Q kf r[mrif;}u;D H;k .tpDtpOft& aemfa0Ediio@kd xGucmcJ+h y;D ,ckaemfa0Ekiiwif aexkionf? kfH fG dfH G df 10? c&rf;re,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;wifarmif0if;onf c&rf;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17428) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (60 43) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? c&rf;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfEp/f Ed0ifbmv (8) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ hS k G tz OD;rd / trd a':oef;&Siw@kd .om; jzpfonf? OD;wifarmif0if;onf c&rf;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ f a&ausmrufo'pfEihf rd rtrsK;d om;ausmif;wd@k wif q,fwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D f S G aemuf 1957-58 ckEpwif &efuewuUovo@kd wufa&mufconf? c&rf;rde,fausmif;om;or*~ S f G k f kd f hJ twGi;f a&;r;/ wuUovc&rf;rd e,ftoif;/ [Hom0wDcditoif;/ uavmif&itoif;/ o[m,ESihf kd f kf Sf pmzwftoif;rsm;wGif a&Swef;uyg0ifI Auorsm;tzJ@G csKyfEihf wuotzJ@G 0if/ ausmif;om;nD!wa&; S G f wyfO;D wGzuftwGi;f a&;r;ESihf obmywdtzJ@G 0if/ 1962 ckEp/f Zlvita&;tcif;wGif &efuewuUovf J S kd f kf kd ausmif;om;tcGita&;umuG,rwuyaumfrwD OuU/ 1963 ckEprS 1970 jynfEptxd vHk ca&;yk'r hf f _ kd f GJ Sf hSf H f (5) jzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? axmifrvw+f yD;aemuf c&rf;rde,f&dS rdom;pkyiqefpufwif hJ S G kd f G refae*smtjzpfvyuiconf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif ppf+y;D k f kd f hJ Sf kd acwfEihf vGwvyfa&;acwf ausmif;om;or*~0ifa[mif;rsm;aumfrwDwif yg0ifvy&m;cJonf? ta&; S f G _fS h awmfy}kH uD;t+yD; Ediia&;ygwrsm;zGJ pnf;wnfaxmifaomtcg trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGJ csKyfYyg0ifc+hJ yD; kfH D kd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf &efuewi;f pnf;tzJ@G 0iftjzpfaqmif&uconf? c&rf;rde,f rJqENe,f kd k f kd G f hJ trSwf (2) rS OD;wifarmif0if;ESi,Of yibuf wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwrS OD;aZmf0if; (t+ir;f pm; hf S d f k G f D d Advr; }u;D aZmf0if;) rqvacwf Ediiawmfaumifp0ifa[mif;. nDt&if;jzpfonf? 1990 jynfEp/f atmuf k f kfH D hS wdbmvwGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f axmif'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&+yD; e0wppfaxmufvr;f a&;rsm;. nOf;yef; k S hJ S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ESypufra=umifh 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (18) &ufaewif axmifwi;f YaoqH;k oGm;cJonf? OD;wifarmif0if; df _ S D G G h .ZeD;rSm pma&;q&mr ,k0wDcifvi=f uLjzpf+y;D om;orD; (2) a,mufuse&pfconf? d_ f hJ 1990 ckEp/f atmufwbmveJ@ Ed0ifbmvrsm;rSmawmh e0w[m 'Drua&pDvyf&m;r_ukd S kd k kd _ S t}u;D tus,f ESreif;r_rsm;yvkycygw,f? tJ'vawGrm jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,awGjzpf=uwJh df f hJ D S $ f kd f f tifet,fv'tzG@J 0ifawG[m tzrf;cH=u&+yD; tif;pdeaxmifua&mufue=f uygw,f? 'Dvtzrf;cH& f f D f kd k kd wJvawGtxJrm 'Dru&ufwpftpd;k &zG@J z@kd jynfovxua&G;cs,cayrJvnf; ppftpd;k &&JpGcsuwif h l S kd l l k f hJ h J f tjypf'%fcsrwc&wJh c&rf;rd e,fu OD;wifarmif0if;vnf;yg0ifygw,f? ol[m 1950 ckEpawG&J tqH;k S fH Sf ydi;f awGe@J 1960 ckEpawG&J tpydi;f awGrm vlorsm;ausm=f um;cJwhJ ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpf k Sf k S d h ygw,f? 1962 ckEprm ppfwyfutm%modr;f r_ukd ausmif;om;rsm;qef@usic=hJ uwke;f u ol[m ausmif; SfS f om;tcGita&; ckcumuG,raumfrwOuU jzpfcygw,f? aemufEprmawmh &efuewuUovf ausmif; hf H f_ D D hJ SfS kf kd om;or*~&J acgi;f aqmifwa,muftjzpfe@J zrf;qD;cH&ygawmhw,f? OD;wifarmif0if;[m axmif (7) ESpuscygw,f? 'gayrJh 'DvtawG@tuH/ jrefrmhq&,vpf f hJ kd kd S f vrf;pOfatmufrm ESpaygi;f (25) ESpausm=f um b0wckv;kH aovke;D yg;jzpfc&wmawGu ol@&J cdirmwJh S f f hJ kf Ediia&;,H=k unfcsuukd aoatmifrowfEicygb;l ? 1988 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_rm OD;wifarmif0if;[m kfH f kd f hJ kd _fS S wjcm;ausmif;om; acgi;f aqmifa[mif;awGe@J twl yg0ifvy&m;cJygw,f? 1990 ckEpa&G;aumufyrm _fS h Sf JG S ol[m ol@&J Zmwdc&rf;rd e,fuae tifet,fv'uu,pm;y+y;D 'Dru&ufwpfygwrsm;&J t"du&efol f f D kd kd f kd D jzpfwhJ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwrS 0ifa&mufta&G;cHcol ol@&J tudt&if;eJ@ ,SOf yita&G;cHcyg k G f D hJ k df hJ w,f? a&G;aumufyrmtEdi&+y;D (5) vt=umrSm ol[mtzrf;cH&ygawmhw,f? JG S k f OD;wifarmif0if;[m tif;pdeaxmifutyd@k rcH&rD ppfaxmufvr;f a&;&Jppfaq;ar;jref;&mXme f kd S csKyfjzpfwhJ a&=unftirm wvcef@aecJ&ygw,f? 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&vrSm ol@udk }u;D av;wJtjypf'%f kd f S h S D h csrwwtcserm ol[mvGepmruse;f rrm jzpfaewJtwGuf cH;kH udk rwufa&mufEicygb;l ? ol[m S f hJ d f S fG h k kd f hJ Zefe0g&v (18) &ufae@rm aoqH;k cJygw,f? tm%mydiawGu ol[maoG;uifqmeJ@ aoqH;k cJw,fv@kd D S h kf h qdygw,f? 'gayr,fh vGecwhJ (4) v axmifrusrwe;f u ol@rm 'DvtouftE &m,fukd xdcuEiavmuf k f hJ D k S kd W kd f kd f wJa&m*g cHpm;ae&w,fqwhJ vuQ%mrsK;d r&Scygb;l ? o* [jf cif;ryrD ol@&J kytavmif;udk awG@jrifchJ h kd d hJ f &olrsm;u ol[m axmifwi;f rSmESypufc&wJ'%f&mawGa=umifh aoqH;k &jcif;jzpfw,fv@kd q=kd uygw,f? G df H h a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJpm tusO;f axmifwi;f aoqH;k jcif; (3) rS h G 11? prf;acsmif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;cifarmifaqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifaqGonf prf;acsmif;rde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (28944) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 64) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;armifat;/ trd a':wif=unfw@kd rS 1942 ckEp/f Zlviv (20) &ufae@wif hJ S kd f G arG;zGm;cJonf? {&m0wDwi;f / ig;odi;f acsmif;rdZmwd jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifaqGonf 1960 jynfEpwif h kd k h S f G t*FvkdAmeDusLvmrpf&Sifausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI &efukefwuUodkvfwGif 1961 ckESpfrS 1966 ckEptxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD;/ bDtufpD (blraA') bJ@G ukd a&eHvyief;qdi&m bmomwGjJ zifh &&Sconf? S f d k f kf d hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &efuewuUovYynmoif=um;aepOf ykorcdiausmif;om;rsm;toif; pnf;H;k a&;r;/ bmom&yfqi&m kf kd f df kf kd f toif;rsm;. tr_aqmiftzG@J 0ifEihf &efuewuUovausmif;om;or*~ (wuo) 0iftjzpf 1962 ckEp/f S kf kd f S ausmif;om;v_y&m;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifconf? 1966 ckEpwif jrefrmha&eHaumfya&;&Si;f Y tvkyoift&m&Sd fS hJ Sf G kd f tjzpf pwifxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / 1966 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd jrefrmjynftES@H a&eH&mazGw;l azmfxwvyf Sf Sf S k f k a&;qdi&mvkyief;rsm;udk tvkyoifbraA't&m&S/d 'kbraA't&m&S/d t}u;D wef;blraA't&m&Sd ponf kf f f ld ld d jzifh aqmif&uconf? 1978 ckEpwif pifumylEiiwiusi;f yaom a&eHwi;f wl;azmfa&;ESihf a&eHwi;f ayguur_ G f hJ Sf G kd f H G f G G f JG xde;f odr;f a&;qdi&m vkyief;cGioifwef;od@k wufa&mufconf? 1986 ckEpwif tar&duefjynf axmifp/k kf f f hJ Sf G wufqufpjf ynfe,f/ wJvqmwuUovwif a&eH&mazGw;l azmfxwvyjf cif;ESihf a&eHajr zG@H z;d jcif; qdi&m f kd f G S k f k kf 'Dyvdrmtqifoifwef;od@k wufa&mufatmifjrifconf? txufjrefrmjynf a&eHajrrsm;zG@H zd;a&;ESihf k h hJ a&eHESifhobm0"mwfaiG@wl;azmfxkwfvkyfa&;qdkif&m t}uD;wef;blrdaA't&m&Sdtjzpf wm0efxrf; aqmifaepOf 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D ay:ayguvm&m acsmuf/ hS Sf D kd f a&eHacsmif;/ jynf/ jrefatmif/ ref;ESiaxmuf&myif a&eHajrtvkyorm;or*~rsm;udk pkpnf;vufwI hf S f JG jrefrmha&eHaumfya&;&Si;f (H;k csKy) tvkyorm;or*~ twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1988 ckEp/f kd f f G f hJ S atmufwbmv (3) &ufae@wif 0efxrf;tm;vH;k vkycio@kd jyefvnfwufa&muf&ef e0wxkwjf yefcsuukd kd G fGf f rvkdufemcJhI tvkyfxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ac:,lwm0efay;csut& 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmvwGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f S kd kd tzG@J csKyf A[dO;D pD;tzJ@G 0iftjzpf tzG@J csKywm0efrsm;udk pwifxrf;aqmifconf? yxrt}urf A[dO;D pD;tzG@J k f hJ d k tpnf;ta0;rS rauG;wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;wm0efctjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&+y;D / rauG;wdi;f (25) rd e,f twGi;f k H k pnf;Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm; v_yf&Sm;aqmif&GufcJhonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfY A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0if tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ prf;acsmif;rd e,ftzG@J 0iftjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&ucI 1989 ckEp/f Zlviv (20) G f hJ S kd f &ufae@ eHeufyi;f wm;qD;rcH&rDtcsewif a':atmifqef;pk=unf wd;k csJ zG@J pnf;ay;aom tvkytr_ kd d f G f aqmiftzJ@G wif tzG@J 0iftjzpf wd;k jriwm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf? A[dvyief;tzJ@G (tvkyorm;) tz@0if G hf k kf f GJ ESihf A[dowif;ESijhf yef=um;a&;tzJ@G OuU tjzpfwm0ef,conf? 1990 jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (5) k l hJ hS kd &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;vSxe;f (=unfjh rifwi) rS OD;cifarmifaqGtm; ,m,D G $ f kd f G kd f tpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;udprsm;udvnf;aumif;/ ,m,Dtpd;k &tzJ@G wif OD;cifarmifaqGtm; f P k G 0ef}u;D wae&m vsmxm;jcif;udpw@dk uvnf;aumif; today;cJonf? ,if;udpEiywfoufI OD;cifarmif P kd h P S hf aqGukd oufqi&mrS 1991 ckEp/f {+yvwGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJonf? ,if;aemuf OD;cifarmifaqGonf dk f S D h jypfrqi&mOya'yk'r 122 (1) t& 1990 jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (23) &ufae@wif axmif'%f (10) _ kd f f hS kd G ESpf csrwconf? a&G;aumufyOya'yk'r 11 (n) ESihf +idpe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f S f hJ JG f G $ f dk f tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZif S f D kH D kd JG f S bmv (18) &ufae@ae@wia=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Yyg0if,Of yiciukd vnf; Gf h G f JG S d f G hf ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f arv (1) &ufae@wif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? 1994 ckEp/f f hJ S G f G f S =o*kwv (5) &ufae@wif a'guwmcifaZmf0if;udpEiywfoufI zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D axmif'%f f G f P S hf hJ (7) ESpcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? f S hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 12? qdyfurf;re,frJqENe,f? a':pef;pef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':pef;pef;onf qdyurf;rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;y f J G kd k f I 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (615) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (59 25) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S d f hJ d f kH k f &onf? tz uG,veol pma&;q&m (ykvyt&m&SwOD;trnfc) cdi&0ef OD;baomf (jypfrr*~Zif; f Gf df d H kfJ _ wnfaxmifo)/ trd a':rrav; (jypfrr*~Zif;wm0efcxwa0ol) wd@k rS 1932 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (10) l _ H k f S D &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? arG;csi;f (5) a,mufteuf wwd,ajrmufjzpfonf? tudk (2) OD;rSm uG,vef G h f G ol trsK;d om;pmayqk& pma&;q&mESihf owif;pmq&m pdecifarmif&Eihf *g',ef;owif;axmufcsKyf f DS D OD;cifarmif=unfw@kd jzpfonf? rH&mrd/ tvHZmwdjzpfonf? i,fpOfu rH&mrd/ trsK;d om;tv,fwef; kG k kG ausmif;/ Ak'<bmomausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;aemuf &efukefwuUodkvfrS 1954 ckESpfwGif bDtufppb@GJ &onf? &efuewuUovf bifwefaqmifY o[m,ESipmzwftoif;/ A[dausmif;aqmif fD kf kd hf k o[m,ESipmzwftoif;/ lyaA'/ ZD0aA'toif;/ csi;f wGi;f toif;paom toif;tzG@J rsm;wGif tvkyf hf tr_aqmiftjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1952 ckEprS 1955 ckEptxd A[dtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; G f hJ S f S f k (&efue) txufwef;jy/ &efuif;aumvdy/f armfvriaumvdyw@kd wif owWaA'Xme okyjf yq&mr/ kf df f G ,l*qvm;AD;,m;Edii/H tpPa&;Ediirsm;ok@d ynmawmfoifom;a&mufcb;l onf/ 1958-59 ckEpwif kd kf kfH G hJ Sf G owif;pm'Dyvdrm ('Da*s) &onf? 1960 jynfEprpI tvkyorm;!e=f um;a&;OD;pD;XmewGif 0g%Z k hSfS f d ydyuQjzefajza&;t&m&S/d rd e,fO;D pD;r;wm0efjzifh Advwaxmif/ ykZeawmif/ ausmufwwm;/ abmuf k f Gf H axmf/ oCFe;f u|e;f / &efuif;/ vdi/f urmGw/f r&rf;uke;f / ajrmufOuUvmy/ awmifOuUvmy/ qdyurf;/ _ f qdy}f u;D caemifwEihf 'vrd e,frsm;wGif tr_xrf;cJonf? 1985 ckEpwif tvkyorm;!e=f um;a&;OD;pD; kd S h Sf G f Xme/ ppfui;f wdi;f OD;pD;Xmer;/ 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmvwGif &efuef rd okawoeESiprue;f XmecG/J kd k S kd k hf D H d tvkyorm;!e=f um;a&;OD;pD;Xme 'kw,!$e=f um;a&;r;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf wm0efrS t+ir;f f d d pm;ay;jcif;cHc&onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif tvkyorm;rsm; hJ hS Sf D kd f 0efxrf;or*~Y OuUtjzpf wufupmyg0ifconf// trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dvyief;tzJ@G (tvkyf GG hJ kd k kf orm;) twGi;f a&;r;/ A[dpnf;urf;xde;f odr;f a&;tzG@J twGi;f a&;r;/ A[dpnf;H;k vH@_ aqmfa&;tzG@J 0iftjzpf k k wm0ef,conf? a':pef;pef;onf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,f l hJ hS J trSwf (2) jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;aetdrwif yvkyaom ,m,DtpD;k &zJ@G pnf;a&; $ f k f f G f v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;ok@d wufa&mufconf? 1990 jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (14) &ufae@wif trsK;d f hJ hS kd G om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;vSxe;f (=unfjh rifwi)/ OD;0if;udk kd $ f kd f f G kd f (a&OD;-2) ESihf woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;yDwmvif;yif (jyifO;D vGi-2) wd@k ukd ,if;.aetdrwif ~ f kd f f f G ,m,Dtpd;k & zG@J pnf;a&;udpuaqG;aEG;&ef cGihf ycJonf? tvm;wl ,if;.aetdrYyif jynfo@l vwawmf P kd h f $ f ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;vSxe;f (=unfjh rifwi)/ a'guwmwifaqG (ykv-1) ESihf a'guwm k f f G kd f f h J f pef;atmif (t*Fy-2) wd@k o;kH OD;tm; ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;udptwGuf aqG;aEG;cGihf ycJonf[qum l P h k dk oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJonf? ,if;aemuf a':pef;pef;onf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (122) (1) kd f h _ kd f f t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya'yk'r (11) (n) ESihf +ipe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmf _ S GJ f dG $ f ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxG k f f f S G D kH D kd
312
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f axGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS a=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfa&G;aumufrsm;Y yg0if f h G f h ,SOf yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f arv (1) &ufaewif e0wa=unmcsuf trSwf (1192) d f G hf kd f hJ S G t& jypfrqi&m usix;kH Oya'yk'r 401 (1) t& tif;pdeaxmifrjS yefvwonf? 1997 ckEp/f atmufwkd _ kd f hf f f G f S bmv (31) &ufae@wif EdiijH cm;owif;XmeESihf qufo,owif;ay;r_jzifh jypfrqi&m usix;kH Oya' G kf G f _ kd f hf yk'r 401 (3) t& ,cifuse&ae ao;onfjh ypf'%frsm;tm; jyefvnfuscc&+y;D / 2001 ckEp/f =o*kwv f f dS H hJ S f (13) &ufae@wif jyefvnfvwajrmufconf? 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif G G f hJ hS D kH D kd JG G wEdiiv;kH twdi;f twmjzifh cdivrtenf;qH;k jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufcc&onfh trsK;d orD;v$wawmf kfH k k f kH J f H hJ f ud,pm;vS,jf zpfonf? 2003 ckEp/f =o*kwv (1) &ufae@wif xdi;f -jrefrme,fpyf vGwajrmufe,fajrod@k k f S f G k f a&muf&conf? dS hJ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (401) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 27 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfua=unm f kd f f kd jcif;? 1? qdyurf;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,fwif qENray;ydici&ol (1344) OD;teuf (1103) OD;wd@k f $ f J G J k f G hf dS qENray;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfh qENrrsm;teufrS cdivaomqENrJ (1038) &&Scygonf? ,if;cdivkH J J k f kH d hJ kf aom qENrrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdi;f &&S=d uygonf J f kd f f k
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;yonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; jynfaxmifpk trsKd;om;rsm; 44 (u) a':cifjrEG,f 'Drkdua&pD pOf &mckiEe; df _ f 4 24 59 25 34 78 0 77 0 96
(c)
a':pef;pef;
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tvkyform;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;tzGJ@ 'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D+idrf;) jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhckdifjrJa&; ygwD (ywc)
615 361 8 10
(*) OD;!$ef@vGif (C) OD;wifatmif (c) OD;apmvGif (i)

OD;oef;atmif
313
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2? od@k ygI txufygvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;teuf trSwpOf (c) yg cdivaom qENrtrsm; $ f kd f f f k f kH J qH;k &&Sonfh a':pef;pef;onf &efuewi;f / qdyurf;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,frS a&G;aumuf d k f kd f $ f wifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG $ f kd f $ f Oya'yk'r 41 yk'rcGJ (*) ESitnD a=unmtyfygonf? f f hf trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 13? qdyf}uD;caemifwdkre,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmpde0if;onf qdy}f u;D caemifwkd rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f f J G kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (4047) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (51 36) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc& onf? &efuef rd Zmwd jzpfonf? 1958 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (21) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ k S kd G OD;!Ge@f .om;jzpfonf? a'guwmpde0if;onf 1982 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf (1) &efuerS q&m0efb@JG f f Sf G kd kf &&Sconf? 1982 ckEprS 1983 ckEptxd tvkyoifq&m0ef/ 1983 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd jyifyaq; d hJ Sf Sf f Sf Sf ukcef; q&m0ef/ 1985 ckEpwif vufaxmufq&m0ef/ use;f rma&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 1985 ckEprS 1988 Sf G Sf ckEptxd jrefrmEkiippfrxrf;Oya' (1959) t& umuG,a&;0ef}uD;Xme jynfo@l ppfrxrf;q&m0ef/ Sf dfH _ f _ aq;wuUovf (1) r*~Zif; pmwnf;tzJ@G 0ifEihf tEkynmtoif; tr_aqmifvyconf? kd S k f hJ 14? wmarGre,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSoe;f onf wmarGrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f d J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (25765) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (77 8) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? 1951 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (10) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;atmifwif.om; jzpfonf? hJ S kd G OD;vSoe;f onf e0rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; d h Sf D kd awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? wmarGrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? hJ kd G f hJ 15? wmarGre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;odef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f jrifonf wmarGrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (17261) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 63) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1950 jynfEp/f arv (5) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;wifa&$.om; jzpfonf? hJ hS G OD;ode;f jrifonf bDtufp/D tdycs*sy/D tm&ft,fvf (2) bG@J &cJonf// 1967 ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd vlr_ h f f D h Sf Sf 0efxrf;apwemtru q&mESiausmif;tky/f 1972 ckEprS 1984 ckEptxd tm;opfusL&Sif ud,yif hf Sf Sf k f kd vkyief;/ 1976 ckEpwif td;k pk&yfuuor0g,r wGzuftwGi;f a&;r;/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l f Sf G G f J Sf
314
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf kd hJ S f G $ f ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,f k f S $ f kd f f kH $ f kd pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif fl S f G h $ f kd f wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 16? wGHaw;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;omqdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omqdionf wGaw;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f kf H J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (24577) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (62 82) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf// tz OD;omyd/k trd a':pdearwd@k rS 1946 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (24) &ufae@wif hJ f S G arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;omqdionf rd rtxufwef;ausmif; (&efue) ESihf &efue0ZmESioywuUovwif h kf kf k f d hf d H` kd f G ordkif;t"dujzifh 0dZmwwd,ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wGHaw; rd e,fwif wm0ef,conf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfyumvwGif cavmuf G l hJ Sf D kd kH csKuwue,fwif a&Swef;rS wufwufuG uyg0ifconf? OD;omqdionf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv d f kd f G G hJ kf hS (30) &ufae@wif rE av;taemufawmifrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf;kH wGif yvkyaom ,m,D G W kd f tpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcojzifh oufqi&mrSzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f I axmif f hJ kd f '%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf// xd@k twGuf OD;omqdionf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r 122 (1) t& jypfrxif&m; S hJ kf _ kd f f _ S pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya'yk'r 11 (n) ESihf +ipe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS JG f dG $ f kd f f y,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v f D kH D kd JG f S D (2) &ufae@wif a=unmcsuf trSwf (995)jzifh a=unmcJonf? aemifyvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y G h f JG yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f ZGev (2) &ufae@wif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwf S d f G hf kd f hJ S f G f G onf? 17? wGHaw;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;jrv_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrv_difonf wGHaw;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20919) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 22) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1935 ckEp/f rwfv (13) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;pHb.om; jzpfonf? wGaw;rd e,f hJ S G H a&wGi;f uke;f aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;jrvdionf Oypm 0dZm (c) txd ynmoif=um;cJonf// 1968 _f h ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd awmificdi/f xef;wyifrd e,f ygw,epfaumfrwD0if/ rd e,fygw,epf OuU/ Sf Sf l k D l D l use;f rma&;raumif;ojzifh 1978 ckEpwif vkyx;kH vkyenf;ESitnD Ekwxuconf? 1980 jynfEpwif Sf G f f hf f G f hJ hSf G a&wGif;ukef;aus;&GmY udk,fydkifv,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf) jynfol@ 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif usi;f yyvkyconfh kd hJ S f G f hJ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& 1999 ckEp/f kd k f f S ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpyg pmtrSwf - 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f JG kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? 2005 ckEpwif &efuewi;f / k f k f h Sf G k f kd arSmbD rd e,f anmifEpyifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh etztrsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufywif f Sf JG G a&G;cs,cxm;&aom ud,pm;vS,rsm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,tjzpf yg0ifwufa&mufchJ fH k f f ~ k f f onf? 18? wdkuf}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSxe;f onf wku}f uD;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; G d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (24596) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (61 72) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? wku}f uD;rde,f/ tdiuavmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;avmufu/H trd hJ d kf a':aiG&w@kd rS 1932 ckEp/f {+yv (3) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;vSxe;f onf 1957 ckEpwif &efuef D S D G h G Sf G k wuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G uvnf;aumif;/ 1968 ckEpwif Oya'0dZmbJ@G uvnf;aumif;&&Sconf? ausmif;om; kd f kd Sf G kd d hJ b0wGif wku}f u;D rd e,f ausmif;om;or*~ twGi;f a&;r;/ tif;pdecdiausmif;om;or*~ OuU/ &efuef d f kf k wuUodkvf wkd;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk tzJG@0if/ ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*~ 'kw,OuU tjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1964-65 ckEpwif tif;pdef rd e,f/ q-p-w-u OuU/ 1966 d G f hJ Sf G ckEprS 1977 ckEptxd ygw,epf OuU/ t&efA[daumfrwD0if/ &efuewi;f a'oygwaumfrwD0if/ Sf Sf D l k k f dk D 1977 ckEpwif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwrS tem;ay;jcif;cH&onf? xd@k aemuf w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpf Sf G kd S f D vkuygaqmif&uonf? d f G f 19? wdkuf}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a':pefar (a&$ularESif;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':pefar (a&$uarESi;f ) onf wku}f u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD l d J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (19866) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (51 9) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? a&$ul rd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;pde.orD;jzpfonf? 1939 ckEp/f =o*kwv f hJ f S f (15) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? 0dZmbG@J &cJonf? a':pefaronf tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&mr/ txufwef;jy G h ausmif;q&mr/ jrefrmhtoH0efxrf;/ pma&;q&m paomb0rsm;udk jzwfoef;vmcJonf// trsK;d om; h 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d orD;A[dvyief;tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif wm0ef,conf? jypfrqi&mOya'yk'r 193 kd k kf l hJ _ kd f f ('kw,ydi;f ) t& jypf'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&I 1991 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (25) &ufae@wif v$wawmfu,pm; d k S hJ S k G f dk f vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsucc&onf? 28/ p>m&mrvrf;/ 0*~&yom/ urm&Gwf rd e,f/ &efuewiaexdic&mrS f f H hJ Ddf k f G f k f hJ 2002 ckEpwif tqdyg jynfvrf;ab;&Sd 0*~&yfuutm; &efuef rd awmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDEihf Sf G k D G f k S yk*vuuefxduwmrsm;yl;aygi;f I t"rRor;f ,l&eftwGuf trSwf (3) ppfa'or; Advr; }u;D &efEiO;D rS ~ d k f d k f kd f {+yv (5) &ufae@ aemufq;kH xm; a&$ajymif;cdi;f onfukd rvduemojzifh noef;aumiftcsef ppfwyfEihf D k k f d S 0di;f I nwGi;f csi;f aetdrrsm;udk zsuq;D / ypPn;f rsm;udk pvif;uGi;f twGi;f pkyxm;+yD; ESixwcojzifh k f f kH f k f hJ ajymif;a&$ay;cJ&onf? h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (454) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfukd a=unm f kd f f jcif;? 1? wdu}f uD;rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif qENray;ydici&ol (59143) OD;teuf k $ f J J k f G hf dS (45407) OD;wd@k qENray;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfh qENrrsm;teufrS cdivaomqENrJ (36544) rJ&&Scyg J J k f kH d hJ onf? ,if;cdkifvHkaomqENrJrsm;udk v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdkif; &&Sd=uygonf?
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317
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 20? awmifOuUvmyre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdk;jrifh (c) ocifpdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k jrif(c)ocifp;kd jrifonf awmifOuUvmyrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGitrsK;d om;'Drkd h h J f ua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (13959) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (72 29) jzifh f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1923 ckEp/f =o*kwv (16) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;&Se.om;jzpf f hJ S f G df onf? OD;pd;k jrifh (c) ocifp;kd jrifonf ajrmif;jrrd wGif t*Fvy-jrefrm (6) wef; txdynmoif=um;cJonf? h df h ajrmif;jrrd e,f wk@d Armtpnf;tH;k twGi;f a&;r;/ e,fcsJ ESihf zufqpfawmfvea&;ajratmufacgi;f aqmif/ Sf ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at) wyf&if;r;/ ykorcdif jrpf0u|e;f ay:wki;f ppfaumfrwD0if/ jynfo@l f D df k d ta&;awmfyygwD wnfaxmif&mwGiyg0ifc+hJ y;D / qd&,vpfygwD ajrmif;jrckif OuUESihf A[dO;D pD;tzJ@G 0if/ kH f kS f d k z-q-y-v A[dO;D pD;/ A-w-v-p A[dtvkytr_aqmif/ qd&,eD A[daumfrwD0if/ jynfo@l vi,f k k f kS f k l tzJG@csKyf 'kwd,OuU/ 1953 ckESpf AD,ifem urBmhvli,fnDvmcHoGm;udk,fpm;vS,f/ vGwfvyfa&; armfue;f 0if (yxrqif) &cJonf? t,f'wm/ pmy/ (17) vki;f tkycsKyfa&;r;ponfjzifh b0rsm;pGmusif G h h D d f vnfconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtr_aqmif/ A[dv,form;rsm;tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif/ &efuef hJ kd k k k wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD OuUwm0ef,conf? ocifp;dk jrifonf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. *END k l hJ h kd qH;k jzwfcsutwdi;f e0wu v$wawmfac:,lcihf ray;v#if vkyaqmifoifonfh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,f pmwrf; f k f G f h ukd a&;om;ypk&mwGif yg0ifcojzifh oufqi&mrSacwWzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1991 ckEp/f rwfv hJ kd f hJ S (26) &ufae@wif jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onfh A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J wif tzG@J 0iftjzpf wd;k jriwm0efay; G k f G hf tyfjcif; cHc&onf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wif zG@J pnf;cJonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; hJ S G h $ f kd f yaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30) &ufae@wGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uwucuowfjzwfrj_ zpfym;pOf etzrS aetdrtus,csKyjf zifh xde;f odr;f xm;cJ&mrS J H kd f kd f G f f h 2003 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (23) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? ZeD;rSm a':at;u,jf zpf+y;D / om;orD;rsm;rSm S k G G f G a':aqGaqGjrif/h OD;armifarmifjrif/h a':opfopfjrif/h a':csKcsKjd rif/h a':oif;oif;jrifw@kd jzpfonf? d h jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (436) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfudk a=unm f kd f f jcif;? 1? awmifOuUvmyrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif qENray;ydici&ol (65630) OD; $ f J J k f G hf dS teuf (52749) OD;wd@k qENray;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfh qENrrsm;teufrS cdivaomqENrJ (46978) rJ J J k f kH &&Scygonf? ,if;cdivaomqENrrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;toD;oD;u atmufygtwdi;f d hJ k f kH J f kd f f k
318
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &&S=d uygonf?

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319
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320

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321
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322

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323
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f cHc&onf? tz OD;armify/k trd a':0ufw@kd rS 1943 ckEp/f rwfv (13) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? vSn;f ul; hJ S G h rde,f/ aygubavmufaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGe;f tke;f onf (9) wef;xd ynmoif=um;cJonf? f h 1976 ckEpwif a':pef;EkEihf vufxyfconf? jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygw0if/ 1985 ckEprS 1988 Sf G S hJ kd S f D Sf ck E S p f t xd r&rf ; uk e f ; rd e,f jynf o l @ aumif p D 0 if t jzpf a qmif & G u f c J h o nf ? ygwD p H k ' D r d k u a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf f S G f (1419) jzifh jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif;a=unmcJonf? 1999 ckEp/f f kd f f f G f h S ZGev (11) &ufae@wif usi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . f G f hJ kd k f tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsuf t& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpyg pmtrSwf - 041pnf; S f JG (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh trsK;d om; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; kd f k f k f xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? 2002 ckEp/f Zlviv (18) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? h S kd f G f Gf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1419) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 1 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 4 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;xGef;tHk;tm; &efukefwdkif; '*Hkropfre,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&ol tjzpf rS EkwfxGufcGifhyjcif;? 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &efuewi;f / '*Hk rdopf D kH D kd JG G kd k f kd rde,fjynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwif $ f J $ f kd f f ajrmufcxm;&ol OD;xGe;f tk;H u rdronf ,cktcg wm0efuxrf;aqmifEijf cif;r&Sawmhygojzifh rdrtm; H d kd kd d d jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef $ f kd f f H f G fG ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg OD;xGe;f tk;H .wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'r f f $ f f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;xGe;f tk;H tm; ,ae@rpI '*Hk rd opfrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,frS f hf S $ f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvduf $ f kd f f H f G fG k a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r;
324
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &[ef;'g,um}uD; OD;xGef;tkef; touf (60) &efuef rd / r&rf;uke;f rd e,f/ (5) &yfuuae (OD;armify-a':0uf) wd@k . om;/ trSwf 214 (E)/ k G f k rpd;k &drausmif;vrf;/ ud;k rdi/f r&rf;uke;f rd e,fae a':pef;Ek. cifye;f / raucdixe;f / armifaZmfrif;cdiw@kd . f k G kf G kf arG;ozcif/ OD;pd;k 0if;-a':ode;f 0if;/ OD;pHaiG-a': jrifpe/f OD;vSa&$-a': jrifjh rifpef;/ OD;cifnKd -a':EdiEi0if;wd@k . hd h k f kd f tud}k u;D OD;xGe;f tke;f onf (18-7-2002) &ufwif uG,veom;ygI (20-7-2002) (paeae@) nae G f Gf G (3) em&Dwif a&a0;okomefY rD;o* [ygrnf? G f usef&pfolrdom;pk 25? 'vre,frJqENe,f? OD;pdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pde0if;onf 'vrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0if f J G kd k f a&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15417) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (63 47) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHchJ S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f &onf? rdwvmrd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1953 ckEp/f arv (13) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;!Ge@f / trd D S G a':vS=unfw@kd .om; jzpfonf? OD;pde0if;onf rdwvmrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmif f D jrifI 1975 ckEpwif rauG;aumvdyrS odyb@GJ &&Sconf? 1977 ckEprS 1982 ckEptxd uDvaps;yGkH Sf G f H` d hJ Sf Sf D J vkyief;/ 1982 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd blrowKOD;pD;Xme "mwfccef;r;/ 1985 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd f Sf Sf d GJ Sf Sf uDvaps;yGvyief;/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif uDvaps;or*~ D J kH k f hS Sf D kd D twGi;f a&;r;/ ausmif;om; v_y&m;r_}uD;=uyfa&;aumfrwD &dumtzJ@G r; / trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf fS Q kd wki;f pnf;tzG@J 0if tjzpfwm0ef,conf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif usi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d d l hJ S f G f hJ om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev kd k f f S f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyg pmtrSwf - 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; JG kd vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? k f k f h jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (439) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfukd a=unm f kd f f jcif;? 1? 'vrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,fwif qENray;ydici&ol (36813) OD;teuf (27148) OD;wd@k $ f J G J k f G hf dS qENray;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfqENrrsm;teufrS cdivaomqENrJ (24289) rJ&&Scygonf? ,if;cdivkH J h J k f kH d hJ kf
325
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aom qENrrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdi;f &&S=d uygonf? J f kd f f k
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326
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B.Sc. (Chemistry)
327
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0ifciukd vnf;ydwyifconf? 2000 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (13) &ufEihf (14) JG G hf f hJ hS S &ufae@rsm;wGif OD;apmEdi;f Edi;f / &efuewi;f pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J 0if OD;pd;k [ef/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k k k f kd kd A[dXmecsKyf;kH tzG@J 0if OD;xGe;f jrif/h A[ef;rd e,f pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J OuU OD;atmifjrifh (uAsmq&m-zsmyHk k eDvO;D )/ 'kw,OuU OD;pd;k / uGr;f jcue;f rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;tzG@J OuU OD;ausmpeatmif/ 'kw,OuUrsm; kH d H k fdf d jzpf=uonfh OD;xde0if;/ OD;pdeaX;/ twGi;f a&;r; OD;aZmfO;D / bma&;r; OD;pef;ri/f pnf;tzG@J 0if OD;wif f f d !Ge@f w@kd tm; tm%mydirsm;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D OD;apmEdi;f Edi;f ESihf (5) OD;tm; trsK;d om;'Drua&pD kf k k kd tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsua&;om;r_jzifh tvkyEihf axmif'%f (21) ESppD csrwchJ f fS f S f onf? OD;at;=uL (c) rkH&Gmatmif&Sif/ OD;atmifjrihf/ OD;pkd;[ef/ OD;xGef;jrihf/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif; (c) OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;/ OD;pdefxGef;ausmfwkd@(5) OD; 0kdif;0ef;a&;om;onhf a=unmcsuf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf(97c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf;/ A[ef;re,f/ &efukefr? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ tzGJ@0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsuf? 1? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf w&m;0if&yfwnfv#u&aomEdiia&;ygwjD zpfonf? od@k twGuf kd f Sd kfH w&m;0ifaomygwpnf;k;H a&;vkyief;rsm;udk w&m;0ifvyuici&+Sd y;D jzpfonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J D f k f kd f G hf kd csKyf. taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ygwDpnf;kH;a&;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; a=umifh rnfonftcg/ rnfonfae&mwGir# w&m;Oya'pk;kd rd;k a&;udvnf;aumif;/ &yf&mat;csr;f h h f k G wnf+ira&;udvnf;aumif; taESmift,Sujf zpfcjhJ cif;r&day? Ttcsursm;onf rnfor# rjiif;y,f df k h S f l Ediaomtcsursm; jzpfonf? kf f 2? TrSeuefcsursm;udk Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H z;d a&;aumifptaejzifvnf; od&+Sd y;D jzpf onf? f f kfH D h od@k ygvsuf &efuewi;f twGi;f &dS uGe;f jcue;f rd ESihf aumhr; rd rsm;od@k om;aom a':atmifqef; pk=unf. k f kd H k G w&m;0ifpnf;kH;a&;c&D;pOfudk ,kwWdrwefaomta=umif;jycsufrsm;jzifh Oya'rJh/ [ef@wm; ydwq@kd xm;,Hr#ru tiftm;oH;k Iaetdro@kd jyefy@kd +y;D tzG@J csKyf.OuU tygt0if A[dtvkytr_aqmif f k f k f tzG@J 0iftm;vH;k wd@k tm; aetdrtoD;oD;wGiwm;qD;ydwq@kd xm;onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ f f f kd XmecsKyf;Hk udvnf; ntcserawmfwif 0ifa&mufp;D eif;I tzG@J csKyf. w&m;0ifpm&Gupmwrf;rsm;ESihf k df G f k;H oH;k ypPn;f rsm;udk Oya'rJh odr;f qnf;oGm;onf? TOya'rJvy&yfrsm;udk tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;u jyif; h kf xefpmuef@uuwcsvuonf? Tod@k Oya'rJvyaqmifjcif;jzifh tzG@J csKyf. w&m;0if&yfwnfr_ G G f _ f kd f h kf ESihf tzG@J csKyf0ifrsm;.aoG;pnf;nD!wr_ tiftm;udvnf;aumif;/ jynfovx. axmufcruvnf; G f k l l k H _ kd aumif;/ cse@J tm;enf;atmif yvkyEirnfr[kway? d f kd f f 3? ,if;vky&yftm;vH;k onf Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H z;d a&;aumifpu,wiu w&m;Oya' f kfH D kd f kd f
328
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f pd;k rd;k a&;udk zsuq;D vdujf cif;jzpfonfuvnf; rnfor# jiif;y,fvrrnfr[kway? Ediiawmfat;csr;f f k kd l d hf f kfH om,ma&; ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifpu,wiu ,if;uJo@kd Oya'rJh yr_aqmif&ucsursm;a=umifh Ekiiawmf hf D kd f kd f h G f f dfH wGif uawG@ae&aom taxGaxGjy\emrsm;/ tusytwnf;rsm; ajyaysmufom;jcif; r&d,r#ru/ H f G S kH ydIydIomqd;k &Gm;vm+yD; aemufq;kH Y xdef;rEdi/f odr;f r&jzpfvmEdib,&mom&donf? Ediiawmf k k k f kf G f S kfH at;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifpu tpOfau;G a=umfaeaom acwfrr@HG z;d wd;k wufonfh 'Dra&pD hf D D kd Ediiawmf}u;D ay:aygua&;onfvnf; rnfo@kd r#jzpfay:vmEdirnf r[kway? xd@k jyif ,Ofaus;odrarG@I kfH f kf f f todw&m;jrifrm;aomEkiirsm;wGif jzpfay:avh&onfh Ediia&;pepf +ir;f csr;f pGmtoGiu;l ajymif;r_rsK;d h dfH Sd kfH d f udvnf; az:aqmifEirnfr[kway? k dk f f 4? tu,fpifppftm;jzifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfwnf&dSaejcif;onf wdi;f jynfwif Ediia&;t=urf;zufrrsm;ESihf vufeufuiydyuQrsm;udavsmyg;apayonf? wdi;f &if;om; k G kfH _ kd f k h k aoG;pnf;nD!wryrcirma&; tvm;tvmaumif;rsm;udjk zpfay:aponftjyif awmifov,form;/ G f _ kd kd kd f h l tvkyorm;/ jynfotrsm;ESiausmif;om;vli,frsm;wd@k . ar#mvifcsursm;jynf0aprnfh tiftm; f l hf f h f h yifjzpfonf? od@k ygI tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;tm;vH;k udk vGwvyfpmv_y&m;oGm;vmEdia&;twGuf f G fS kf [ef@wm;ydwyifrrsm;udk csujf cif;kyor;f ay;&ef/ tzG@J csKyfXmecsKyf;Hk udjk yefvnfzivp+f y;D w&m;0ifEiiH f _ f d G hf S kd f a&;ygwwck. vGwvyfcihf rsm;/ vkyyicirsm;udtjynft0ay;&ef av;eufpm awmif;qdvuonf? D f G f kd f G hf k h G k kd f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0ifrsm;? 1362 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhae@ 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (12) &uf? a=unmcsufa&;om;olrsm;tm; 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) t& axmif (7) ESpf csvkdufonhf w&m;kH;tr_wJG? pD&ifcsufykHpH &mZ0wfw&m;ol}uD;kH;awmfY 2000 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 14 &ufae@? 2000 ckESpf/ &mZ0wf}uD;r_trSwf - 23 'k&Jr; vSjrihf w&m;vkd ESihf OD;at;=uL (c) rkH&Gmatmif&Sif yg - 5 w&m;cH 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) t& pJGqkdr_? pD&ifcsuf tr_rm OD;at;=uL (c) rk&matmif&i/f OD;atmifjrih/f OD;pk;d [ef/ OD;xGe;f jrih/f OD;apmEki;f Eki;f (c) OD;Eki;f S HG S d d d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Eki;f ESifh tr_rxuajy;wdr;f a&Smifaeol tifet,fv'ygwD {&m0wDwi;f / 'kOuU OD;pdexe;f ausmf wk@d onf d S G f f fD dk f G (10-9-2000) &ufae@Eifh (12-9-2000) &ufae@wif OD;apmEki;f Eki;f (c) OD;Eki;f Eki;f . aetdrf cef;wGif S G d d d d pka0;awG@qkHI a':pk=unfESihfpDtD;pDtzJG@0ifrsm; aetdrfwGifoGm;vmv_yf&Sm;r_ uef@owfxm;r_ukd tjrefvway;&ef/ XmecsKyf;Hk ESifh wki;f k;H ydwxm;jcif;ukd jyefziay;&ef/ tpk;d &/ tifet,fv'Eihf wki;f &if; $ f d f G fh f fDS d om;tzJ@G 0ifrsm;ygaom (3) yGiqiawG@qaqG;aEG;a&;ukd tjrefaqmif&u&efEifh Ekiiawmfat;csr;f fh dk f Hk G f S dfH om,ma&;ESifh zH@G z;d a&;aumifp. Oya'rhvy&yfrsm;ukd uef@uuwcs&ef ponfw@dk yg0ifaom (12D J kf G f_ f 9-2000) &ufae@pyg trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;. oabmxm;a=unmcsuudk 0ki;f 0ef; GJ dk f d wkiyifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGeysLwmkuEyjf cif;/ tar&duefo;Hk rSwqihf ADtattoHviXmeok@d df f d f dS H G dk $ fh ay;yk@d jcif;wk@d udk vkyaqmifc=Jh ua=umif; ppfaq;awG@&&ojzihf 4if;wk@d (6) OD;tay: 1950 jynhEp/f ta&;ay: f Sd fS pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) jzihf ta&;,lay;yg&ef owif;wyfz@GJ rS 'k&r;OD;vSjrihu oufaocH (u) jzihf H_ f J f A[ef;&Jpcef;wGiwiwef;&mrS ay:ayguvmaomtr_jzpfonf? f dk f f tr_wif 'k&r;OD;vSjrihf (vkjd y-1)/ &JtyaZmfrif; (vkjd y-2)/ OD;ausmp;dk / OD;wifxf (vkjd y-3 ESifh G J kf f G 4) ESifh &Jtyausmausmvif (vkjd y-5) wk@d udk ppfaq;chonf? if;wk@d u wkicsuudk oufaocH (u) ESifh kf f f _d J df f wkicsurwLukd oufaocH (u-1) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ tifet,fv'ygw0ifrsm;. oabmxm; df f d W f f D D a=ujimcsuudk rl&if;pmrlEiueysLwm kuEy+f y;D pmrlw@dk udk oufaocH (c) ESifh (c-2) wk@d t& &SmazGypudk f S fh G f d f dS Hk H oufaocH (*) tjzpfif;/ OD;atmif&iw@dk u trsK;d om;axmufvr;f a&;tzJ@G xwif tppfccsursm;ukd Sf S H G H f oufaocH (C) rS (ps) xdvnf;aumif; wifjy=uonf? 'k&r;OD;vSjrihf (vkjd y-1)/ &JtyaZmfrif; (vkjd y-2)/ &SmazGypoufao &efuif;&,u OuUESifh J kf Hk H tzJ@G 0if OD;ausmp;dk (vkjd y-3) ESifh OD;wifx/f tr_ppft&m&d&tyausmausmvif (vkjd y-5)wk@d u OD;atmif f G SJ kf f f _d &Siwnf;ckconfh omauw/ xef;awmy&d,wWpmoifwuo@dk wufa&muf&mazG&m trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f d Jh d dk f S dk tzJ@G 0ifrsm;. oabmxm;a=ujimcsuwapmifEifh uGeysLwmkuEyxm;aom a=ujimcsuf (5) apmif f S f d f dS f ukawG@&onhtwGuf oufaovl}u;D rsm;a&SwGiyif &SmazGypjH zihf odr;f qnf;cha=umif;/ xk@d jyif if;wk@d onf d Sd f f Hk J tqkygoabmxm;a=ujimcsuudk 0ki;f 0ef;wkiyifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGeysLwmkuEyjf cif;wk@d d f d df f d f dS yvkyygonf[I trsK;d om;axmufvr;f a&;tzJ@G xwif tppfcc=Jh ua=umif;/ xkppfa=umcsursm;ukd f l S H G H d f oufaocH (C) rS ( ) wk@d jzpfa=umif; ponfjzihf xGuqc=Jh uonf? f dk w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;ESihf if;wkd@wifjyaomoufaocHpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;t& w&m;cH OD;at;=uL (c) rk&matmif&i/f OD;atmifjrih/f OD;pk;d [ef/ OD;xGe;f jrih/f OD;apmEki;f Eki;f (c) OD;Eki;f Eki;f wk@d tay:wGif HG S d d d d 1950 jynhEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) t&pJcsuwif&ef jrifomaom taxmuftxm; fS H_ f G f rsm;&donhtwGuf if;wk@d tay:wifoi;f onhf Oya'yk'r 5 (n) jzihf pJcsuwifconf? S f G f G f Jh Ttr_Eiqufpyfr&+dS y;D jypfrao;trSwf - 302000 rS xGuajy;aeol OD;pdexe;f ausmtay: S fh _ _ f f G f jypfrqi&musix;Hk Oya'yk'r - 8788 t& aqmif&urnfjzpfonf? _ dk f fh f G f ppfaq;+y;D chaomw&m;vkjd youfaorsm;teufrS tr_ppft&m&dS OD;ausmausmviudk jyefac: J f f _d f oufaotjzpf ppfaq;ch=J uonf? OD;ausmausmviu w&m;cHrsm;onf tqkyg oabmxm;a=unm f f _d f d csuudk AkvcsKyfr; }u;D xHo@dk ay;yk@d &ef &nf&,confqv#ir[kwa=umif;/ tqkygoabmxm; a=unm f d f G f Jh dk f f d csuwif jynfovxudk qlytHk urj_ zpfap&ef&nf&,onfh pum;vk;H tok;H tE_e;f ryg&[qv#if r[kwf f G l l k l G G f Sd k dk
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a=umif; ponfjzihf ajzqkconf? d Jh w&m;cH OD;at;=uLu rdronf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;.wm0efay;csut& oabmxm;a=unmpmwrf; d f rl=urf;uka&;om;+y;D tzJ@G 0ifrsm;ukzwfapcha=umif;/ pmacsma&;om;&efwm0efay;onhtwGuf pmacsm d d J f a&;+y;D Ekiiawmft}u;D tuJxay;yk@d &rnhpmjzpfonhtwGuf uGeysLwmkuEyci;f cha=umif;/ rdrwnf;ck&m dfH H f f f d f Sd f dk J d d omauw xef;awmy&d,wWausmif;wGixm;cha=umif;/ qlyv@H_ aqmfonhpum;vk;H rsm; ryga=umif;/ d f J l f tar&duefo;Hk ok@d oGm;ay;chjJ cif;vnf;r&da=umif; ponfjzihf xGuqonf? H S f dk OD;atmifjrihuvnf; rdrw@dk tzJ@G csKyfv}l uD;rsm;. oGm;vmr_csKyfcs,uef@owfxm;jcif;udp/P f d f XmecsKyf;Hk ESifh wki;f k;H rsm;ydwxm;onhupEiywfoufI vli,frsm;onf rdrw@dk tzJ@G 0ifwOD; tokb d f f d P S fh d tdrwiif;/ OD;pk;d [ef.ZeD; vjynhqr;f au|;onhae@wiif;/ vli,frsm; rausreyfajymqka0zef=u f Gf f G f Gf d a=umif;/ rvkvm;tyfaomjy\emrsm;jzpfay:rnfp;dk onhtwGuf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;ESiwiyif+y;D w&m;0iftzJ@G d f fh dk f tpnf;jzpfonhf rdrw@dk ygw0ifrsm;taejzihf Ekiiawmft}u;D tuJxwif wifjy&ef&nf&,+f y;D vkyaqmifcJh d D dfH H G G f =ujcif;jzpfa=umif; ponfjzihxuqonf? f G f dk w&m;cHO;D pk;d [efrm w&m;k;H csKyfa&Saejzpfonf? if;.wkicsuEifh w&m;vkjd youfaorsm;. S df fS xGucsursm;onf (10-9-2000) ae@u rdryg0ifaqG;aEG;chonf[k yg&aomfvnf; r[kwa=umif;/ tzJ@G 0if f f d J Sd f OD;xGe;f jrih. ta=umif;=um;pmt& vli,frsm;ukd ajzmifzsaqG;aEG;ay;&efajymonhtwGuf (12-9-2000) f h f &ufae@wif OD;Eki;f Eki;f tdro@dk vmcha=umif;/ rdronf aemufq;Hk rSa&muf&jSd cif;jzpfa=umif;/ pmwrf;ukd G d d f J d OD;at;=uLu zwf=um;a=umif;/ rdru Oya'ESiqef@usionhpum;vk;H rsm; ryg0ifap&ef ajym=um;+y;D jyefcJh d fh f f a=umif;/ aemufyi;f wGif uGeysLwmkuonhuprsm;ukd rdrroda=umif;xGuqonf? dk f d f f dP d f dk tzJ@G 0if OD;xGe;f jrihu rdrxta=umif;=um;onhpmonf tdrwi&yga=umif;/ jypfrqi&m f d H f f G f Sd _ dk f usix;Hk Oya' 94 t& &SmazG0&rf;xkwoih+f y;D / odr;f qnf;oihyga=umif; wifjyonf? if;onf (10-9fh f f 2000) &ufae@u aqG;aEG;&mwGif yg0ifjcif;r&donhwiatmif (12-9-2000) &ufae@u OD;Eki;f Edi;f tdro@dk S f dk f d k f a&muf&ca=umif; if;.xGuqcsut& ay:ayguonhtwGuf tqkygpmukd &SmazGor;f qnf;&ef rvktyfay? Sd Jh f dk f f f d d d w&m;cHO;D xGe;f jrihu tzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0ifv}l u;D rif;rsm; oGm;vmcsKyfcs,onhup/P wki;f k;H ESiXme f f f d d fh csKyfkH;rsm; ydwfxm;onhfudpPwkd@tay: vli,frsm;rausreyfjzpfyGm;r_ukd +idrfoufoGm;ap&eftvkd@iSm rdrw@dk tcsi;f csi;f wkiyif+y;D a=unmcsuwapmifua&;om;+y;D / AkvcsKyfr; }u;D xHwifjy&ef &nf&,jf cif;om d df f dk d f G jzpfa=umif;/ Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;a&;ukd xdcuapvkonh&nf&,csur&da=umif; ponfjzihxuqonf? dfH df dk f d f G f f S f G f dk w&m;cHO;D apmEki;f Eki;f (c) OD;Eki;f Eki;f rS rdrtrwivma&muf aqG;aEG;=uonfrm rSeuefyg d d d d d df Gf S f a=umif;/ tzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0ifv}l u;D rsm;uef@owfjcif;udp/P wki;f k;H ESiXmecsKyf;Hk ydwxm;onhupudk tzJ@G 0if d fh f f dP vli,frsm; rausreyfjzpfonfudk rvkvm;tyfaomjy\emrjzpfap&ef &nf&,csujf zihf a=unmcsuf d G f a&;om;+y;D wifjy&ef &nf&,yga=umif;/ uGeysLwmkuEyjf cif;rSm rdrroda=umif;xGuqonf? G f f d f dS d f dk w&m;cHrsm;onf trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@ESihf rdrdwkd@jypfr_usL;vGefchJonfrsm;ukd xkwazmf0efcH ajymqka=umif; ppfa=umcsursm;&daea=umif;awG@&onf? oufaocHOya'yk'r 24 wGif f d f S f azmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +cr;f ajcmufjcif;/ uwdyjcif;wk@d yvkya=umif;ay:vGixif&m;jcif;r&donhf d f f S S axmufvr;f a&;tzJ@G 0ifxay;chaomppfa=umcsursm;ukd vufcEip&mta=umif;r&dacs[I jynfaxmif S H J f H dk f S l 1 pk jrefrmEkiiawmfEifh OD;&Jaemifyg-2 tr_ wGif xk;H zJ@G xm;onf? dfH S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ,cktr_onfw&m;cHrsm;u aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +cr;f ajcmufjcif;/ uwdyjcif;wk@d yvkya=umif; ay: d f vGif xif&m;jcif;r&day? xk@d a=umihf if;wk@d u wyfrawmfaxmufvr;f a&;xHay;chaom ppfa=umcsursm; S S S J f onf vufrcHEip&mta=umif;r&day? tqkygppfa=umcsursm;rSm oufaocH (C) rS ( ) xd jzpfonf? dk f S d f ,if;ppfaq;csursm;ESifh w&m;vkjd youfaorsm;.tppfccsursm;aygi;f pyfv#itrsK;d om;'Drdk f H f f ua&pDtzJ@G rS OD;at;=uL/ OD;atmifjrih/f OD;pk;d [ef/ OD;xGe;f jrih/f OD;apmEki;f Eki;f (c) OD;Eki;f Eki;f ESifh xGuajy; d d d d f wdr;f a&Smifaeol OD;pdexe;f ausmw@dk onf OD;pk;d [efrty (10-9-2000) ae@wiif;/ (12-9-2000) f G f S Gf ae@wiif;/ if;wk@d tm;vk;H OD;apmEki;f Eki;f tdrwipa0;awG@qI a':pk=unfEifh pDt;D pDtzJ@G 0ifrsm; aetdrwif Gf d d f Gfk Hk S f G oGm;vmv_y&m;r_ uef@owfxm;jcif;udpudk tjrefvway;&ef/ XmecsKyf;Hk ESifh wki;f k;H ydwxm;jcif;ukd fS P G f d f jyefziay;&ef/ tpk;d &/ tifet,fv'Eifh wki;f &if;om;tzJ@G 0ifrsm;yg0ifaom ok;H yGiqiaqG;aEG;a&;ukd tjref G fh f fDS d fh dk f aqmif&u&efEifh Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;zH@G z;d a&;aumifp. Oya'rhvy&yfrsm;ukd uef@uuwcs G f S dfH D J kf G f_ f &efygonf? (12-9-2000) ae@pyg trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsuf GJ dk oufaocH (c-1) ESifh (c-2) wk@d udk 0ki;f 0ef;wkiyif aqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGeysLwmkuEyjf cif; d df f d f dS wk@d udk vkyaqmifc=Jh ua=umif; ay:ayguonf? OD;atmif&iw@dk u tqkyga=unmcsuudk Ekiiawmft}u;D f f Sf d f dfH tuJjzpfonhf AkvcsKyr; }u;D xHwifjy&ef &nf&,csujf zihf a&;om;onhoabmrsK;d xkacsaomfvnf; tqkyg d f f G f f d a&;om;onhpmt&vnf; AkvcsKyfr; }u;D xH today;wifjyonhoabmrsK;d a&;om;xm;jcif;r[kwb/J f d f f f jynfaxmifpvHk ca&;ukvnf;aumif;/ +ir0yfyjd ym;r_udk xdcuaponhf tok;H tE_e;f rsm;vnf; yg0ifa=umif; k H d df dk f vnf;awG@&&onf? Sd ok@d jzpfI if;wk@d onf 1950 jynhEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) yg jypfruusL;vGef fS H_ f _ dk onf[k qk&rnfjzpfayonf? d trdef@ OD;atmif&if (c) OD;at;=uL (b) OD;bk;d 0if;/ OD;atmifjrihf (c) zsmykevO;D (b) OD;bef'/k OD;pk;d [ef S H D Hk (b) OD;b&Se/f OD;xGe;f jrihf (b) OD;=unfarmif/ OD;apmEki;f Eki;f (c) Eki;f Eki;f (b) OD;apmbode;f wk@d onf 1950 d d d d d ckEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) t& tjypf&ojzihf tvkyEiaxmif (7) ESppuscap&ef S H_ f Sd f S fh fD H trde@f csrwvuonf? S f dk f axmif'%frS csKyf&ufrsm;ukd xkwfEkwfcHpm;ap? ykH (bausmf) wJGzuf wkdif;w&m ;ol}uD; (4) &efukefwkdif;/ w&m;kH;? 1? 1991 ckESpf/ jrefrmEkdifiHpD&ifxkH; pm - 63
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a=unmcsufa&;om;olrsm;tm; 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihf xkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr (17) ESihf yk'fr (20) t& pkpkaygif; axmif (14) ESpfcsvkdufonhf w&m;kH;tr_wJG? pD&ifcsufykHpH &mZ0wfw&m;ol}uD;kH;awmfY 2000 jynhfESpf/ 'DZifbmv 14 &ufae@ 2000 jynhfESpf/ &mZ0wfr_}uD;trSwf - 24 'k&Jr; vSjrihf w&m;vkd ESihf OD;at;=uL (c) rkH&Gmatmif&Sif yg - 5 w&m;cH 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr - 1720 t& pJGr_? pD&ifcsuf tr_rm OD;at;=uL (c) rk&matmif&i/f OD;atmifjrih/f OD;xGe;f jrih/f OD;apmEki;f Eki;f (c) OD;Eki;f Eki;f ESifh S HG S d d d d xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifaeol tifeft,fvf'DygwD {&m0wDwkdif;pnf; 'k-OuU OD;pdefxGef;ausmfwkd@onf (10-9-2000) ae@Eifh (12-9-2000) ae@w@dk wif OD;Eki;f Eki;f .aetdrwipa0;awG@qI a':pk=unfEifh S G d d f Gfk Hk S pDt;D pDtzJ@G 0ifrsm; aetdrwiom;vmv_y&m;r_uef@owfxm;r_udk tjrefjyefvway;&ef/ XmecsKyf;Hk ESifh f Gf G fS $ f wki;f k;H ydwxm;r_udk zGiay;&ef/ tpk;d &/ tifet,fv'Eifh wki;f &if;om;tzJ@G rsm;ygaom (3) yGiqif aqG;aEG; d f fh f fDS d fh dk a&;ukd tjrefaqmif&u&efEifh Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@GH zd;a&;aumifp. Oya'rhvyaqmif G f S dfH fh D J kf csursm;ukd _wcs&ef (12-9-2000) &ufpyg trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0ifrsm;. oabmxm; f f GJ dk a=unmcsuudk 0ki;f 0ef;wkiyifjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGeysLwmkuEyjf cif;/ tar&duefo;Hk rSwqihf ADtat f d df f d f dS H G dk toHviXmeok@d toHviEi&ef oGm;a&mufay;yk@d jcif;rsm;vkyaqmifc&m ,if;ok@d a&;om;kuEyjf zef@ $ fh $ fh dk f f Jh d f dS a0chjJ cif;rsm;onf oufqi&mcGifh ycsuwpkw&mr&dbJ vkyaqmifcjJh cif;jzpfonhtwGuf if;wk@d (6) OD; dk f f H S f f tay: 1962 ckEp/f ykEyorsm;ESifh xkwa0olrsm;rSwywifOya' yk'r - 1720 jzihf tr_zita&;,lay; S H dS f l f f Hk f G fh yg&ef owif;wyfz@GJ rS 'k-&Jr; OD;vSjrifu wkiwef;&mrS ay:ayguvmaomtr_jzpfonf? h df f tr_wif 'k-&Jr; OD;vSjrifh (vkjd y-1)/ &JtyaZmfrif; (vkjd y-2)/ OD;ausmp;dk ESiO;D wifxf (vkjd y-3 G kf f fh G ESifh 4 ) ESifh tr_ppft&m&dS &Jtyausmausmviw@dk uppfaq;chonf? wkicsuukd oufaocH (u) ESifh kf f f _d f dk J df f (u-1) wk@d t&if;/ &SmazGypudk oufaocH (c) tjzpfif;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0ifrsm;. Hk H dk oabmxm;a=unmcsuudk oufaocH (c-1) t&if;/ tqkyga=unmcsuudk uGeysLwmkuEyxm;onhf f d f f d f dS f pm&Guudk oufaocH (c-2) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ wifjyIvufconf? xk@d jyif OD;atmif&iw@dk (6) OD;u f H Sf axmufvr;f a&;t&m&dxwif if;wk@d jypfrusL;vGerEiywfoufI xGuqtppfccsursm;ukd oufaocH S S H G _ f _ S fh f dk H f (*) rS (q) txdvnf;aumif; vufcconf? H Jh 'k-&Jr; OD;vSjrifh (vkjd y-1)/ &JtyaZmfrif; (vkjd y-2)/ &efuif;&,uOuU OD;ausmp;dk ESifh tzJ@G 0if kf f OD;wifxf (vkjd y-3 ESifh 4 )ESifh tr_ppft&m&d&tyausmausmviw@dk u OD;at;=uL (c) rk&matmif&if G SJ kf f f _d f HG S wnf;ckonhf omauw xef;awmy&d,wWpmoifwuo@dk (14-9-2000) &ufae@wif oGm;a&muf&mazG d d dk f G S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f odr;f qnf;&m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf0ifrsm;. (12-9-2000) &ufpyg oabmxm;a=unmcsuf dk GJ vufa&;rlwapmifEifh uGeysLwmkuEyxm;aompm&Guf (15) &Guw@dk udk OD;atmif&ixrS oufaocH S f d f dS f f Sf H (c) &SmazGypjH zihor;f qnf;&rdca=umif;/ tqkygoabmxm; a=unmcsuonf if;wk@d (6) OD; 0ki;f 0ef; Hk f d Jh d f d wkiyifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGeysLwmkuEyjf cif;/ tar&duefo;Hk rSwqihf ADtattoHviXmeok@d df f d f dS H G dk $ fh toHv$ifhxkwfEkdif&efay;ykd@jcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifchJa=umif;/ ,if;okd@ a&;om;kdufESdyfjzef@a0yvkyfr_onf oufqi&mcGifh ycsuf wpkwpf&mr&dbJ vkyaqmifcjJh cif;jzpfygonf[k xGuq=dk uonf? dk f H S f f OD;atmif&iyg (6) OD;wk@d u axmufvr;f a&;t&m&dxwif if;wk@d jypfrusL;vGeonf[k xGuqdk Sf S S H G _ f f tppfccsuf ppfa=umcsursm;wGivnf; azmfjyxm;onfuawG@&&onf? H f f dk Sd w&m;vkjd youfaorsm;.xGuqcsursm;/ pm&Gupmwrf;taxmuftxm;rsm;t& w&m;cH f dk f f rsm;onf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf. (12-9-2000) &ufpyga=unmcsuudk 0ki;f 0ef;wkiyifaqG;aEG; dk GJ f d df a&;om;jcif;/ uGeysLwmkuEyjf cif;rsm;onf oufqi&mcGifh ycsur&dbJ vkyaqmifa=umif; jrifomaom f d f dS dk f f S f oufaocHcsursm;&dojzihf OD;atmif&iyg (6) OD;wk@d tay:wGif 1962 ckEp/f ykEyorsm;ESixwa0olrsm; f S Sf S H dS f l fh k f rSwywifOya' yk'r - 1720 t&if;/ yk'r (20) t&vnf;aumif; pJcsuwifconf? f Hk f f G f Jh OD;atmif&iyg (6) OD;wk@d u tjypfr&da=umif;jiif;y,f+y;D ppfaq;+y;D aom w&m;vkjd youfaorsm; Sf S teuf tr_ppft&m&dO;D ausmausmviudk ac:,lppfaq;&efwifjychonf? S f f _d f J tr_ppft&m&dS OD;ausmfausmfvd_iftm; jyefvnfac:,lppfaq;&mwGif if;wkd@onf tqkdyg a=unmcsutm; qlyrj_ zpfap&efa&;om;chjJ cif;r[kw[qv#irrSea=umif;/ uGeysLwmkuEyonhf udpukd f l f k dk f f f d f dS f P vnf; Ekiiawmft}u;D tuJxH ay;yk@d &rnhpmjzpfonhtwGuf uGeysLwmkuEyjf cif;jzpfa=umif;/ ok@d aomf dfH f f f d f dS vnf; xkupudk rdrw@dk roda=umif;ar;jref;csuuvnf; OD;ausmausmviu rrSea=umif;ajzqkconf? d dP d f dk f f _d f f d Jh Ttr_Eiqufpyfr&aom jypfrtaxGaxG trSwf - 312000 rS OD;pdexe;f ausmtay: S fh _ Sd _ f G f jypfrqi&musix;Hk Oya' yk'r - *7** t& qufvufta&;,laqmif&u&ef qk;H jzwfconf? _ dk f fh f G f Jh w&m;cH OD;at;=uL (c) rk&matmif&iu tqkyga=unmcsupmwrf;ukd tzJ@G0ifrsm;. wm0ef ay;csuf HG Sf d f t& rdrupm=urf;a&;om;+y;D wifjycha=umif;/ pmacsmukd rdra&;ul;cha=umif;/ Ekiiawmft}u;D tuJ AkvcsKy d J d J dfH d f r; }u;D oef;a&$xay;yk@d &ef &nf&,onhtwGuf oyf&yfaumif;rGeap&ef wOD;wa,muftm; uGeysLwm f H G f f f f kuEyapcha=umif;/ vkyom;jynforsm;qlyrj_ zpfap&ef &nf&,aompum;vk;H ryga=umif;/ tzJ@G csKyf vl}u;D rsm; d f dS f J f l l G f oGm;vmv_y&m;r_csKyfcs,xm;r_up/P tzJ@G csKyf;Hk ESifh wki;f k;H ydwxm;r_tay: vli,fwpku rausreyfjzpfI fS f d d f a0zefaqG;aEG;onfudk rdrw@dk =um;&yga=umif;/ rvkvm;tyfaomjy\emrsm; rjzpfay:ap&eftwGuf d d rdrw@dk tzJ@G 0ifrsm;wkiyif=u+y;D AkvcsKyfr; }u;D xHwifjy&ef&nf&,+f y;D a&;om;chjJ cif;jzpfa=umif; xkacsonf? d df d f G w&m;cH OD;atmifjrif/h OD;pk;d [ef/ OD;xGe;f jrif/h OD;Eki;f Eki;f (c) apmEki;f Eki;f wk@d u (10-9-2000) d d d d &ufae@wif OD;pk;d [efrty wkiyifc=Jh ua=umif;/ (12-9-2000) &ufae@wif OD;pk;d [eftygt0if rdrw@dk G S df G d OD;Eki;f Eki;f tdrwif xyfrawG@qc=Jh u+yD; OD;atmif&iu pm=urf;a&;om;jcif;yvkyonfudk odyga=umif;/ d d f G H Hk Sf f ok@d aomf uGeysLwmkuEyrnhupudk rdrw@dk rodyga=umif; xkacsc=Jh uonf? f d f dS f f d P d tr_wGifta&;}uD;aomtaxmuftxm;w&yfrSm w&m;cHrsm;rS if;wkd@jypfr_usL;vGefr_ESihf ywfoufI trsK;d om;axmufvr;f a&;tzJ@G xwif xkwazmftppfconhf tcsujf zpfonf? trsK;d om; S H G f H axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@xH w&m;cHwkd@. jypfr_usL;vGefr_ESihfywfoufI xkwfazmftppfcHcsufrsm;onf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f oufaocHOya' yk'r - 24 wGif azmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ uwdxm;jcif;/ +cr;f ajcmufjcif;ukd f d usL;vGea=umif; ay:vGixif&m;jcif;r&dv#if if;wk@d u wyfrawmfaxmufvr;f a&;tzJ@G wif ay;chaom f f S S S G J ppfa=umcsursm;ukd vufrcHEip&m ta=umif;r&dacs[I jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkiiawmfEifh OD;&Jaemifyg f dk f S l dfH S 1 - 2 tr_ wGif xk;H zJ@G xm;+y;D jzpfonf? ,cktr_wif w&m;cHw@dk jypfrusL;vGeyEiywfoufI axmufvr;f a&;tzJ@G xH tppfcxm;jcif;rSm G _ f Hk S fh S H oufaocHOya' yk'r (24) wGif azmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +cr;f ajcmufjcif;/ uwdyjcif;wk@d yvkyf f d a=umif; ay:vGixif&m;onfudk rawG@&ay? xk@d a=umihf if;wk@d u axmufvr;f a&;xHay;chaom ppfa=um f S S J csursm;ukd vufc&rnfjzpfayonf? f H w&m;cHrsm;u axmufvr;f a&;tzJ@G xay;chaomppfa=umcsursm;ESifh vdjk youfao 'k&tyf S H J f J k OD;vSjrif/h &JtyaZmfrif;/ tr_ppft&m&dausmausmviw@dk . &SmazGypoufaowk@d . tppfccsursm;t& kf S f f _d f Hk H H f OD;atmif&iyg (6) OD;wk@d onf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G 0ifrsm;u oabmxm; a=unmcsuudk 0ki;f 0ef; wkiyif Sf dk f d df aqG;aEG;a&;om;jcif;/ uGefysLwmkdufESdyfjcif; jzpfa=umif;ay:aygufonf? tar&duefoHkH;rSwqihf ADtatXmeok@d toHviap&ef ay;yk@d xm;a=umif; taxmuftxm; xifxif&m;&Sm;rawG@&ay? OD;atmif G dk $ fh S &Siw@dk u rdrw@dk onf tqkygoabmxm;a=unmcsuudk Ekiiawmft}u;D tuJ AkvcsKyfr; }u;D xHay;yk@d &ef f d d f dfH d f &nf&,csursK;d jzihf a&;om;jcif;r[kwa=umif; awG@&&onf? G f f f Sd OD;atmif&Sifwkd@onf oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd oufqkdif&m.cGifhycsufawmif;cHjcif; r&da=umif;vnf;ay:ayguonhtwGuf if;wk@d onf 1962 ckEp/f ykEyorsm;ESixwa0olrsm;Oya' yk'r S f f S H dS f l fh k f f (17) t&vnf;aumif;/ ,if;Oya' yk'r (20) t&vnf;aumif; jypfrusL;vGea=umif;ay:ayguonf? f _ f f w&m;cHrsm;u rdrw@dk vyaqmifcsuonf wckwnf;omjzpfonhtwGuf jypfrwckwnf;jzihom d kf f f _ f pum;&yfrsm;Oya'yk'r (22) t& tjypfay;&ef ok@d r[kwf jypf'%fav#may;&ef wifjyav#mufv=J uonf? f h w&m;cHrsm;onf &nf&,csujf cif;rwlaom oD;jcm;jypfrrsm;ukd usL;vGe=f ujcif;jzpfonf? 1950 G f _ jynhEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) onf jynfo@l w&m;ol}u;D tzJ@G !e=f um;csuf trSwf (9) fS H_ f $ wGif azmfjyxm;aom EkiiawmfvHk cHa&;ukxyg;apaom jypfrtrsK;d tpm;wGiyg0ifonf? xk@d a=umihf dfH d d _ f w&m;cHrsm;.wifjycsuudk vufrcHEiay? atmufygtwki;f trde@f csrwonf? f dk f d S f trdef@ OD;atmif&i(c) OD;at;=uL (b) OD;bk;d 0if;/ OD;atmifjrihf (c) zsmykevO;D (b) OD;bef'/k OD;pk;d [ef Sf H D Hk (b) OD;b&Sdef/ OD;xGef;jrihf (b) OD;=unfarmif/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif; (c) Ekdif;Ekdif; (b) OD;apmbodef;wkd@onf 1962 ckEp/f ykEyorsm;ESixwa0olrsm;rSwywifOya' yk'r (17) tjypf&ojzihf tvkyEiaxmif'%f S H dS f l fh k f f Hk f Sd f S fh (7) ESpfpD uscHap&rnf? xkd@jyif ,if;Oya'yk'fr (20) t& tjypf&dSojzihf tvkyfESihfaxmif'%f (7) ESpfpDukdvnf; uscH&rnf? ykH (bausmf) wJGzufwkdif;w&m;ol}uD; (4) &efukefwkdif;w&m;kH;? 1? 1991 ckESpf/ jrefrmEkdifiHpD&ifxkH; pm - 63
335
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 28? yef;bJwef;re,frJqENe,f? OD;armifarmifatmif/ 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&ESifh ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? OD;armifarmifatmifonf yef;bJwef;rde,frqENe,fwif 'Dru&ufwpfwuUovb@JG &ESihf J G kd kd f ausmif; om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J ('-w-u-z) tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (7231) k f S d f hJ k f kH rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (38 78) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;wifatmif/ trd a':cifat; k kf_ f hJ a0wd@k rS 1966 ckEp/f rwfv (12) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? &efuef rd / r&rf;uke;f rd e,fZmwd jzpfonf? S G h k OD;armifarmifatmifonf 1986 ckEpwif "mwkaA't"dujzifh odyb@JG &&Sconf? 1987 ckEpwif r[modyH` Sf G H` d hJ Sf G t&nftcsi;f ppf tydi;f (1) oifwef; wufa&mufconf? 'Dru&ufwpfwuUovb@JG &ESihf ausmif;om; k hJ kd kd f a[mif;rsm;tzG@J ('-w-u-z) wGif A[dtwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv k G f hJ S (11) &ufae@wif e0wtrde@f trSwf (792) jzifh 'Dru&ufwpfwuUovb@JG &ESiausmif;om;a[mif;rsm; G kd kd f hf tzG@J tm; zsuor;f cJonf? od@k twGuf OD;armifarmifatmifonf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D woD;yk*vtoGio@kd f d h D G ~ f a&muf&om;cJonf? dS G h jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (413) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 5 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 28 &uf) ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfukd a=unm f kd f f jcif;? 1? yef;bJwef;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,fwif qENray;ydici&ol (25896) OD;teuf (20206) $ f J G J k f G hf dS OD;wd@k qENray;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfqENrrsm;teufrS cdivaomqENrJ (18644) &&Scygonf? ,if;cdif J h J k f kH d hJ k vHaomqENrrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdi;f &&S=d uygonf? k J f kd f f k
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (C) b&SD; (c) OD;jrifhxl;

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337
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338
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2? od@k ygI txufygvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;teuf trSwpOf (c) yg cdivaomqENrtrsm; $ f kd f f f k f kH J qH;k &&Sonfh OD;xGe;f vdionf &efuewi;f / A[ef;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS d _f k f kd $ f a&G;aumuf wifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vwawmf $ f kd f $ f a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 41 yk'rcGJ (*) ESitnD a=unmtyfygonf? JG f f hf trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 30? A[ef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;=unfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;=unfarmifonf A[ef;rde,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (15625) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (73 17) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S f hJ d f kH k f cHc&onf? tz OD;bd;k ode;f / trd a':aiGcifw@kd rS 1920 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ hS G h OD;=unfarmifonf 1936 ckEpwif &efuefrd/ pde*|e;f aumvdyrS (10) wef;atmifjrifconf? 1937 Sf G k f f hJ ckEp/f 1938 ckEp/f 1939 ckEprsm;wGif &efuewuUovausmif;om;rsm;or*~OuU OD;atmifqef;vuf S S Sf kf kd f atmufwivnf;aumif;/ qufvufI or*~OuU OD;vSa&$Eivnf;aumif;/ or*~tvkytr_aqmifwOD; Gf S hf f tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1938 ckEp/f ausmif;om;oydwwif wufupmyg0ifconf? 1938 ckEp/f 'DZif G f hJ S f G GG hJ S bmv (20) &ufae@wif +Awo#e,fcs@J ynma&;pepftm; qef@usiuef@uuqENjycJonfh ausmif;om; G d d f G f h acgi;f aqmifrsm;wGiyg0ifc+hJ y;D / e,fcsJ ppfyvyw@kd . wkw'%f/ jrif;uefc&onf'%fw@kd jzifh ausmif;om; f k df f H h acgi;f aqmifAvatmifausmf '%f&m&vJusonfrS uG,veonftxd teD;uyfaz;rypkcojl zpfonf? kd f f Gf hJ bDat aemufq;kH ESptxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1941 ckEp/f bDataemufq;kH ESpwif pmar;yGrajzjzpfbJ f h S f G J Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiatwyf) od@k 0ifa&mufc+hJ yD;/ r*Fvm'Hk yxrywfAvoifwef;od@k G f dk f kd f wufa&mufconf? 1943 ckEprS 1945 ckEptxd *syefEii/H Zmrrd &Sd bk&ifwyfrawmf ppfwuUovf hJ Sf Sf kd f h kd oifwef; tywfpOf (57) od@k wufa&mufatmifjrif+y;D aemuf 1945 ckEp/f 'DZifbmvwGif Armhwyfrawmf S wyf&if; (5) wGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd ud,yitrSwf 3516(=unf;)tjzpf tr_xrf;cJonf? 1947 ckEpwif k f kd f h Sf G t*FvefEiiwif oifwef;wufc+hJ y;D / 1948 ckEpwif wyf&if;r;/ 1951 ckEpwif ajrmufyi;f wdi;f ppfXmecsKyf/ kd f H G Sf G Sf G kd k arrd ppfO;D pD;yxrwef;/ 1953 ckEpwif wyfr[m (7) wyfr[mr;/ 1955-56 ckEpwif wyfr; ESihf tar&d Sf G Sf G f J _ S hf kd f G uefEii/H zd@k 'vAif;0yf (Fort Leavenworth Staff College) &Sd uGyurEippfO;D pD;wuUovwif wufa&muf kd f f J oif,conf? 1958 ckEprS 1960 jynfEptxd aejynfawmfppfXmecsKyf (&efuewi;f ppfXmecsKyf) wdi;f r;/ l hJ Sf hSf k f kd k 1961 ckEprS 1963 ckEptxd taemufawmifwi;f ppfXmecsKyf (ykor) wdi;f r;/ 1962 ckEpwif awmfvef Sf Sf kd df k Sf G S a&;aumifp0if/ 1963 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (30) &ufae@rS azazmf0g&v (1) &ufae@txd [oFmwcdi/f D S D D k 'l;,m;&GmwGiusi;f ycJonfh awmifov,form;ES;D aESmzvS,yo@kd wm0ef&aomppfwi;f r;jzpfonftjyif f h l f JG dS kd h awmfvea&;aumifp0ifwOD;vnf;jzpfygv#uf (rdr. ppfwi;f e,fajrtwGi;f ) awmfvea&;aumifpu Sf D d kd Sf D }u;D r;usi;f ycJonfh 'l;,m;ES;D aESmzvS,yo@kd rwufbJ awmfvea&;aumifpD OuUvnf;jzpf/ wyfrawmf h f GJ Sf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfvnf;jzpfaom AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;. trdef@ukdzDqefcJhonfhtwGuf 1959 ckESpf/
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wyfrawmf tufOya't& ppfrxrf;jcif;rS&yfpjJ cif;cHc&onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pwifwnf _ hJ kd axmifcsewif okawoeXmer;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pD taxG df G hJ hS D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufywivnf;aumif;/ *ENcrf;rtpnf;ta0;yvky&mwGivnf;aumif;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD JG G f D f f kd tzG@J csKyftm;OD;aqmifconf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wif e0w. (190) trde@f qef@ hJ hS G usirj_ zifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csLyf A[dtvkytr_aqmif (,m,D) f hJ kd k f OuU wm0ef,conf? 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy+JG y;D aemufyi;f tzG@J csKyf. l hJ hS D kH D kd kd acgi;f aqmiftjzpfEihf ta&SESitaemuftyprsm;rS oHwrefrsm;ESiawG@qconf? taemuftypk owif; S hf kfk hf kH hJ kf hf kH kH G f pmq&m 'd;k rDepfazmfv'g (Dominic Faulder) ESiawG@q&mwGif Ek&ifbwfc;kH ESihf cif!e@f w@kd vkd yk*Kd~ vawG [lonfh toH;k tE_e;f udk oH;k E_e;f cJonf[k e0wtwGi;f a&;r; (1) AdvcsKyfcif!e@f . pGypjJG cif;cHc&onf? h k f G f hJ 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) ESihf jrefrmEdiitpd;k & v#Kd 0Sucsuf hS H_ f kfH f tufOya' yk'r 6 (2) (c) ESihf 6 (3) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&GaumufyOya' yk'r 11 (n) f _ S f JG f ESi+hf idpe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG G $ f dk f f S f D kH D kd a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif rS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? aemif JG S G h (10) ESptwGi;f yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuywyifconf? f f JG S d f G hf kd d f hJ 1988 ckESpf/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf zGJpnf;aomtcg OD;atmif}u;D OD;aqmifonftzGJ rS ud,pm;vS,tjzpf yg0ifconf? A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGJ 0if/ okaw h k f f hJ k f oeXmer;tjzpf wm0ef,conf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif uGejf rLepfrsm; pd;k rd;k ae+yD[onfh l hJ kd G l OD;atmif}u;D .pGypcsuf ygwwi;f jy\ema=umifh 1988 ckEp/f 'Dzifbmv (3) &ufae@wif usi;f yonfh f JG D G S G A[dO;D pD;tzGJ tpnf;ta0; rJcq;kH jzwfcsuwif OD;atmif}u;D tpktzGJ rS OD;=unfarmifonf a':atmifqef; k JG f G pk=unf tpktzGJ okd y;l aygi;f cJonf? OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unfwkd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cH&+y;D aemuf h tzG@J csKyf. ,m,DOuUjzpfvmonf? *EDcef;rtpnf;ta0;+y;D aemuf ppftm%mydirsm;rS zrf;qD;xde;f N kf odr;f cJonf? tzG@J csKyfOuUtjzpf OD;atmifa&$rwm0ef,aepOf e0w.zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh OD;=unfarmif h S l tygt0ifxywef;acgi;f aqmif (12) OD;udk tzG@J csKyfrS xkwy,fc&onf? 1995 ckEp/f rwfv (14) &ufae df f hJ S wGif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrjS yefvwonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfvwajrmufvm+y;D 1995 ckEp/f atmuf f G f G f S wdkbmv (9) &ufaeY jyefvnfzGJpnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwDY 'kwd,OuUtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? hJ 1996 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (9) &ufae@ nae (3 ; 45) em&Dcef@wif uarBmZ&dyom0if;wHcg;. S k G f awmifzuf (15) aycef@tuGmY vl&rf;um;rsm;u tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;=unfarmif/ OD;wifO;D ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tm; oHww/f cse;f u;d / ausmufcponfh vluaoapEdiaom vuf k d J kd kf eufrsK;d pHjk zifh wm0efustm%mydirsm;a&SwGif t=urf;zufwucuc=hJ uonf// xdae@ nae (4 ; 45) kf kd f kd f k em&Dcef@wif wuUov&yomvrf;ESiovivrf;axmifY wm0efust&m&drsm;teD;rS vl (2) OD; ajy;xGuf G kd f d f hf H G f h S vm+yD; acgi;f aqmifrsm;pD;vmonfum;udk cJjzifypfayguru teD;uyf'g;jzif0ifx;kd cJ+h yD; }uD;rm;aom h h f kH h vky=f ur}_ u;D wckyvkyconf// ,if;uJo@kd rd v,facgiwif jzpfym;cJonfupEiywfoufI tzG@J csKyfOuU H f hJ h f G G h h d P S hf u e0wOuUxHo@kd w&m;0ifpmjzifh t}ur}f urta=umif;=um;cJaomfvnf;/ w&m;cHrsm;udzrf;qD;jcif;/ d df h k w&m;pGqjkd cif;/ ESpO;D ESpbuf oabmwlncsujf zifh vGwvyfaomcH;Hk udz@JG pnf;I w&m;cHrsm;udk azmfxwf J f f D f k k k
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pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; trnf ukd,fpm;yonfh ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf; 'Drkdua&pDygwD 'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzJG@ csKyf ('D +idrf;) trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jrefrmEkdifiH'Drkdu&ufwpf jynfol@tiftm;tzGJ@csKyf jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drkd ua&pDygwD? wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&; d G f ygwD? &&Sdonfh qENrJaygif; 308 414 15625 99 654 4253 &mckiEe; df _ f 1 44 1 94 73 17 0 46 3 06 19 92
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f vyfa&;twGuf wyfrawmfxaxmifcwoawGtrsm;tjym;udk tJ'uwnf;u odu|r;f vmcJygw,f? l hJ hJ l D h ppfwyfe@J Eiia&;cGjJ cm;Edirukd aumif;pGmodjrifc,xm;wJh olwOD;jzpfwtwGuf 1962 ckEprm ppfwyfu kd f H kf_ H l hJ SfS tm%modr;f wJupukd tjyif;txefqef@usicwojl zpfygw,f? 'ga=umifvnf; 1963 ckEprm taemuf h dP f hJ hJ h SfS ydi;f wdi;f ppfXmecsKyf wdi;f r;tjzpfe@J wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOfrmyJ t+ir;f pm;,lz@kd ajymwJtwGuf tem;,l k k k S d h vdu&wmuawmh ody+f y;D tH=h op&mr[kwygb;l ? k f f wyfrawmfuae t+ir;f pm;,l+y;D wJh (25) ESpwmumvtwGi;f rSm axmifEp}f uruscygw,f? d f S d f hJ ppfwyfukd (aemufyi;f jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygw) qef@usiw,fqwhJ oHo,eJ@ axmifusc&wJh 'DEpf kd kd S f D f kd H S }ur[m pkpaygi;f (7) ESp=f umcJygw,f? df k h 1988 ckEp/f 'Drua&pDta&;awmfykH jzpfjzpfjcif;rSmyJ OD;=unfarmif[m wwd,t}urf tusO;f S kd d axmifxrm txde;f odr;f cHc&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh wvavmuft=umrSm jyefvwvmygw,f? 1988 JS hJ G f ckEp/f pufwifbmvrSmol[m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf&J tvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD (12) OD;xJu S kd f tzG@J 0if wOD; jzpfvmygawmhw,f? 1989 ckEp/f ZlvivrSm OD;wifO;D eJ@usrwd@k aetdrrm txde;f odr;f cH&+y;D wJaemuf tifet,fv'D S kd f fS h f f &Jtr_aqmifaumfrwDawGu acgi;f aqmifrtiftm;udjk yefpz@kd qH;k jzwfwtcsermawmh 1990 jynfEpf _ k hJ d f S hS a&G;aumufyrm atmifycEiz@kd OD;aqmifcwhJ OD;=unfarmifukd a&G;cs,cwmygyv@kd ajym&if rrSm;Ediygb;l ? JG S JG H kd f hJ f hJ J kf a&G;aumufy+JG yD;wJaemuf &ufowWywftenf;i,frm tm;vH;k aysm&ipmeJ@ atmifyc=H u+yD; h S f$fG JG aemuf jrefrmjynfoawGu tm%mydiawG[m a&G;aumufy&v'fuav;pm;zd@k pdwqENr&nfoefb;l l kf JG kd f qdwm wjznf;jznf;oHo,&Svmygw,f? 'Dvoo,pd;k &drpwukd cdirmapcJwmuawmh OD;=unfarmif k d kd H fd f kf h [m 1990 pufwifbmvrSm pwkwt}urajrmuftzrf;cH&+y;D ppfc;kH u axmif'%f tESpf (20) csvuf df kH kd wmyJjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fvnf; ol[m 1995 ck/ rwfvrSm jyefvwvmygw,f? h G f a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJpmtrSwf (19) rS h 31? Adkvfwaxmifre,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmarmifarmifausmonf Advwaxmifrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J f f k f J G kd csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (14816) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 41) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? &efuef rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmpe/f trd a':wifvw@kd rS 1961 f hJ k fd S ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (4) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? &cditrsK;d om;/ Ak'bmom0ifwOD;jzpfonf? a'guwm S D G h kf < f armifarmifausmonf 1978 ckEpwif ppfawGrdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (4) rS q,fwef; f Sf G atmifjrifcI 1984 ckEpwif oGm;bufqi&maq;wuUovrS q&m0efb@GJ (bD'tufp) &&Sconf? hJ Sf G kd f kd f D f d hJ 1985 ckEprS 1990 jynfEptxd oufom ud,yiom;aq;ukcef;/ omauwESihf qdyurf;rd e,f Sf hSf k f kd f G f taemufyi;f or0g,raq;cef; oGm;bufqi&mq&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD kd kd f Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufupmyg0ifconf? 1990 jynfEp/f Ed0ifbmv (3) &ufae@wif ausmif;q&mr GG hJ hS k G wOD;jzpfol a':ode;f ode;f tm;aygi;f oif;+y;D / vufxyf&ef jiif;qefrj_ zifh axmif'%f (1) ESpf tjypfay;jcif; cHc&onf? ,if;jypfrEijhf ypf'%ftwGuf 1991 ckEp/f =o*kwv (14) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pD taxG hJ _S S f G D kH D kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif;a=unmcJh JG f $ f kd f f f onf? aemif (10) ESptwGi;f yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? f f JG S d f G hf kd f hJ 32? r&rf;ukef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? t+idrf;pm;Adkvfr;csKyf atmifa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifa&$onf r&rf;uke;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (20712) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 62) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1918 ckEp/f arv (19) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;zd;k uGe;f / trd a':ode;f wifw@kd hJ S G .om; jzpfonf? OD;atmifa&$onf 1940 jynfEpwif &efuewuUovrS bDatbJ@G &&Sconf? 1942 hSf G kf kd f d hJ ckEprS 1945 ckEptxd AdvcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifaom Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat)/ Sf Sf k f G f kd f ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at) ESihf ArmhrsK;d cspwyfrawmf (yDbtufz) wd@k wif yg0ifcI vGwvyf f D f D f G hJ f a&;u;d yrf;r_wif +Awo#e,fcs@J Eihf *syefzufqpfw@kd uawmfveconf? 1945 ckEprpI wyfrawmf (=unf;) G d d S dk S f hJ SfS wGif ud,yitrSwf (3505) jzifh Adv}f uD;tqifrpI wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1945 ckEprS 1947 k f kd f k hS hJ Sf ckEptxd uuppfwif OD;pD;t&m&Sd (wwd,wef;)/ wyfr[m (8) wGif OD;pD;Adv}f u;D (a&;)/ wycY OD;pD;Adv}f u;D Sf G k k (axmuf)/ Advr; tqifjh zifh wycwGif 'kvufaxmufppfaxmufcsKy/f wyfr[m (2) Y vufaxmuf ppfa&; k f csKyfvufaxmuf ppfaxmufcsKyf/ 1950 jynfEpwif Advr; }u;D tqifjh zifh ppfaxmufcsKyf/ 1951 ckEpwif hSf G k f Sf G wyfr[m (5) wyfr[mr;/ 1955 ckEpwif ryc wdi;f r;/ 1957 ckEpwif rycwGif wdi;f r;/ Advr; csKyftjzpf Sf G k Sf G k k f wd;k jrijhf cif;cH&onf? 1959 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (25) &ufae@rS 1961 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (15) &ufae@ S D S D twGi;f awmifyi;f wki;f ppfXmecsKyfwif wki;f r;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf a&G;aumufyY bufvuchJ kd d G d GJ kd f a=umif; pdppfawG@&&ojzif[qum 1961 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (13) &ufae@ &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzJ@G dS h k kd S D tpnf;ta0;rS wyfrawmfwippfrxrf;jcif;rS t+ir;f pm;,lcihf ycJonf? 1961 ckEprS 1975 ckEptxd Gf _ d G h Sf Sf jrefrmEkiiqi&moHtrwf}uD; =opa=w;vs/ (e,l;ZDvef) ygy;l wGI/ tD*sp/f jyifopf/ (pydeEihf ,leuf d f H kd f J fS puk) tzJ@G w@dk yg yl;wGwm0ef,I/ 1975 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1980 jynfEp/f ZGev (7) &ufae@wif d J l Sf G d hJ hS f G Edii*%&nfb@JG (yxrqif) cs;D jrijhf cif;cHc&onf? rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J Eihf trsK;d om;'Drua&pD k f hH k f h hJ fJ S kd tzG@J csKyfw@kd wif A[dOuUwm0ef,conf? OD;atmifa&$onf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUtjzpf G k l hJ kd vufrwa&;xk;d v#uf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwy,f S f kd f a=umif;jzifh aumfr&Sixo@kd ay;yd@k conf/ aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wiowif; f H hJ f S Gf xkwjf yefcsutrSwpOf (3891) jzifh xkwjf yef&mwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf aomif;use;f olrsm;ESihf f f qufo,confukd Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJ@G twGi;f a&;r; (1) u owif;pm&Si;f vif; G f hJ kfH df yJwckwif wki;f od jynfo/d urBmod &Si;f vif;ajym=um;csut& cdivonftaxmuftxm;&Sae+yjD zpf G G d f k f kH h d a=umif;/ xd@k jyifEiijH cm;owif;v$iXmersm;jzpf=uaom bDbp/D AGtat/ attditmwd@k rvnf; ae@pOf kd f hf D D kd kf S rjywf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf. acgi;f aqmiftjzpfazmfjy+yD; aoG;xd;k kd v_H@aqmftoHv$ifhcsufrsm;t& a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynf.tzJG@tpnf;wckckrS taxmuftyHukd oG,0uaomenf;jzifh vufc&&Saeonf[k ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG h f kd f H d D kH D dk usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu ,lqa=umif;aqG;aEG;csut& trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyfonf wki;f jynf. f f kd d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tusK;d / wdi;f oljynfom;wk@d .tusK;d twGuf trsK;d om;a&;udk OD;wnf&nf&,aeonfh tzG@J tpnf;jzpfyg k G f a=umif;/ wdi;f jynfta&;onf vly*Kd~ vfta&;xufta&;}uD;ygojzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf. k k kd rGejf rwfaomtrsK;d om;a&;udk qufvufpnf;H;k aqmif&uEia&;twGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; G f kd f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0iftjzpfrS xkwy,fvuyga=umif;/ 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (11) &uf kd f kd f S ae@wif usi;f yyvkyonfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwf G f kd k f csut& trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzJ@G u,pm; OuUOD;atmifa&$. vufrwf f kd k f dk f S a&;xd;k wifjycsu[lI azmfjyyg&onf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@wif ppfui;f wdi;f / a&$bcdi/f f dS S G kd k kd k 'Dy,if;rde,f/ =unf&mteD;jzpfym;cJonfh aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uHwucuowfjzwfrj_ zpfym;pOf aetdrf J G G h kd f kd f G tus,csKyjf zifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D 2004 ckEp/f {+yv (13) &ufae@wif jyefvnfvwajrmufonf? f hJ S D G G f ZeD;rSm a':wifwifa&$jzpf+y;D om;orD;rsm;rSm OD;atmifoef;a&$/ OD;oef;aza&$/ a':,kZea&$/ a':rOLa&$/ OD;atmifjrifa&$/ a':py,fa&$w@kd jzpfonf? h tifet,fv'&J OuUuawmh OD;atmifa&$jzpfygw,f? ol[m 1942 ckEprm jrefrmhvwf f fD SfS G vyfa&;wyfrawmf bDtiatxJukd 0ifcygw,f? 'kw,urBmppf}u;D jzpfym;aecsetwGi;f wdi;f jynftwGuf kd f hJ d G df k us&mae&muae b,fvyjJ zpfjzpf wm0efwckuxrf;aqmifz@kd vtyfw,fv@kd cH,c=hJ uwJh ynmwwfvi,f kd kd kd l l rsm;xJrm ol[m wa,muftygt0ifjzpfygw,f? (wyfrawmfxr0ifcif (2) ESpavmufuwnf;u S J f &efuewuUovuae bG@J &cJygw,f?) kf kd f h 1948 ckEprm jrefrmEdii[m vGwvyfwEiijH zpfvm+y;D wJaemuf ol[m wyfrawmfxrmyJ SfS kfH f hJ kd f h JS qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmifcygw,f? 1950 ckEpawG&J tukeyi;f rSmawmh tJ'umvwke;f u vltenf; hJ Sf f kd D i,fom&Sao;wJh Advr; csKyf&mxl;ud&&Scygw,f? 1962 ckEprm awmifyi;f wdi;f ppfXmecsKyf&J wdi;f r;tjzpf d k f k d hJ SfS kd k k wm0efxrf;aqmifaecsermyJ ol@uwyfrawmfuae t+ir;f pm;,lci;f +y;D =opa=w;vse@J e,l;ZDvefEiiH dfS kd d kd kd f qdi&m oHtrwftjzpfapv$wjf cif;cHc&ygw,f? tJ'we;f uawmh bmjzpfv@kd t+ir;f pm;,lci;f +y;D ajymif; kf hJ D k d kd a&$vduw,fqwta=umif;udk w&m;0if&i;f vif;ajym=um;jcif;r&Scygb;l ? 'gayr,fvnf; tifet,fv'D k f kd hJ S d hJ h f f acgi;f aqmifawGukd jynfovxurESpoufatmif/ vufrcHatmif trsK;d rsK;d odumcswvy&yfawGukd l l k f Q hJ k f vkyaqmifwtaeeJ@ vGecwEptenf;i,ftwGi;f u tpd;k &xkwa0wJh pme,fZif;awGrm OD;atmifa&$ f hJ f hJ hJ S f f S [m 1960 ckEpf a&G;aumufyumvwke;f u ygwp/JG *d%;f *%pGe@J vkyaqmifrawG&cv@kd wyfrawmfuae S JG D k J f _ dS hJ t+ir;f pm;ay;cJ&wmjzpfa=umif;qd+k y;D a&;om;=uygw,f? trSeuawmh ol[m tJ'a&G;aumufywe;f u d h f D JG k ppfwyf[m qd&,vpfawGtEdi&zd@k twGuf wzufowfuiw,vy&m;r_awGe@J ywfouf+yD; jypfwif kS f kf kd f G f _ f S a0zefc&rSmudk umuG,z@kd u;d yrf;r_awG&J om;aumif jzpfcoyg? H f hJ l OD;atmifa&$[m =opa=w;vsrm wm0efxrf;aqmif+y;D wJaemuf tD*sp/f tJ'aemuf yJ&pf ponf S h D jzifh 1975 ckEprm tpd;k &0efxrf;b0uae t+ir;f pm;,lcwtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcygw,f? tJ'aemuf SfS d hJ hJ hJ D &efuef rd rSmyJ tajccsaexdicygw,f? &efuef rd uawmh tm;vH;k od+y;D wJtwdi;f 1988 ckEprm jynfol k k f hJ k h k SfS vlxtkH ur}_ u;D wdi;f jynfe@J tES@H ys@H om;apcJwhJ tpysK;d &mae&myJ jzpfygw,f? k G k G h jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;awG[m jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD (rqv) &JwygwD tm%mcsKyf kd S f udira=umifh wcgu ta&Sawmiftm&Srm zG@H z;d wd;k wufrtv#ijf refq;kH vd@k qwhJ Ediitqifuae urBm kf_ S _ kd k f H h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ay:rSm tqif;&Jq;kH Ediipm&if;xJukd 0ifom;cJ&vd@k tifrwef+i;D aiG@ae+yD jzpfygw,f? kfH G h wygwpepfvnf;yusom;a&m jrefrmjynfrm ygwawGtajrmuftrsm;ay:vmawmhwmygy? D d G S D J 'kw,urBmppf+y;D +y;D csi;f umvu *syefEiitajctaeawGukd aumif;aumif;odwoawGuawmh jrefrm d kd f H hJ l jynfrm ygwawGbma=umifh 'Davmuftxdrsm;jym;ae&ovJqwmudk od=uygw,f? 'Dvay:ayguvmwJh S D kd kd f ygwawGxu tifet,fv'xrm OD;atmifa&$[m tvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifwOD;jzpfovdk tifef D J f fD JS f t,fv'&J w&m;0ifr[mrdwvnf;jzpfwhJ rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J &J OuUvnf; jzpfygw,f? fD f fJ rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J qwm wyfrawmfuaet+ir;f pm;,lcoawG pkaygi;f zG@J pnf;xm; fJ kd d hJ l wmjzpfygw,f? 'Dvkd ygwaygi;f (200) ausm&wtxJrm (rqv) [mvnf; wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wf D f dS hJ S k G a&;ygwD (wpn) qdwemrnfe@J yg0ifygw,f? tifet,fv'[mvnf; jrefrmjynfovxk trsm;pk&J k hJ f fD l l tm;ay;axmufcrukd t}u;D tus,&cJygw,f? 'Dvkd jynfovx=k um;xJrm a&yef;pm;vmav/ vluuf H_ f h l l S d rsm;vmav/ pnf;H;k a&;pGr;f &nfawGa=umifh ygw&J taetxm; wd;k wufjrifrm;vmav ygw0ifawGukd D h D ppfaq;ar;jref;r_awG/ ygw&J v_y&m;r_ukd uef@owfcsKyfcs,rawG wd;k jrifvmavygy? D fS f_ h J 1989 ckEpf ZGevrSm tifet,fv'&J twGi;f a&;r; (2) OD;xJu wOD;jzpfwhJ OD;0if;wif[m S f f fD zrf;qD;axmifcsc&+y;D ZlvivrSmawmh OuU OD;wifO;D eJ@ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;jzpfwhJ usr[mvnf; H kd f aetdrrm tus,csKyfcsxm;cH&ygw,f? 'Dvkd zdEyrtrsK;d rsK;d udcc&ayrJvnf; 1990 jynfEpf arvrSm fS f dS f _ k H hJ h hS usi;f ycJwhJ a&G;aumufyrmawmh rJqENe,fppaygi;f &J (82) &mcdiEe;f tjywftowftEdi&cJygw,f? h JG S kk kf_ kf h 'gayrJvnf; jynfovxuar#mvifxm;ovdk 'Dru&ufwpftpd;k &vufxukd tm%mv$ajymif;ay;jcif; h l l k f h kd J J ryvkyfcJhygbl;? tJ'Dtpm; ygwDyduGJysufpD;a&;twGuf &nf&G,f+yD;trsKd;rsKd;aom zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_awG yvkycygw,f? f hJ pufwifbmvxJrm tifet,fv'&J ,m,DOuU vkyaewJh OD;=unfarmifukd zrf;cJjh yefygw,f? S f fD f aemufq;kH usecwO;D atmifa&$vnf; tcuftcJawGtrsK;d rsK;d =um;xJuyJ ygwqufvuf&yfwnfEiz@kd f hJ hJ D kd f twGuf taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;awGe@J udiw,vy&m;cJ&ygw,f? kf G f _fS h 1990 aemufyi;f rSmtifet,fv'taeeJ@ Ediia&;ygwwcktjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfEia&;udk kd f fD kfH D kd f aESmif,u+f cr;f ajcmufr_ trsK;d rsK;d =um;xJu ke;f uefae&wJh OD;atmifa&$ukd rsm;pGmulncouawmh tifef h S d D hJ l t,fv'tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J &J rlvtzG@J 0ifvnf;jzpf/ tifet,fv'&J bma&;r;vnf; jzpfwhJ OD;vGif fD f f fD ygy? J a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJpmtrSwf (18) rS h 33? r&rf;ukef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwm a':ar0if;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmar0if;jrifonf r&rf;uke;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J f h J kd csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (20513) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 18) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? armfvrif rd Zmwd jzpfonf? 1950 jynfEp/f rwfv (8) &ufae@zm; f hJ d hS G jzpfonf? OD;aomif;!Ge@f .orD; jzpfonf? a'guwmar0if;jrifonf 1967 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf (1) f h Sf G kd rS q&m0efb@JG &&Sconf? 1978 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd ajrmufOuUvmyESihf ausmufwwm;or0g,r d hJ Sf Sf H
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tcseyi;f q&m0ef/ 1981 ckEprS 1983 ckEptxd vufaxmufq&m0ef (&efuejf ynfo@l aq;H}k u;D )/ 1983 d f kd Sf Sf k ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd q&m0ef (ordi;f roef rpGr;f txl;ukaq;H)/ 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (31) Sf Sf k k S dk &ufae@wi0efxrf;tjzpfrS E_wxuonf? r&rf;uke;f e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif twGi;f a&;r; Gf f G f kd G wm0ef,conf? 1997 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (28) &ufae@wif r&rf;uke;f rd e,ftzG@J csKyf;kH wGif tzG@J csKyf l hJ S kd G vli,frsm;wm0efay;tyfjcif;tpnf;ta0;yvky&efppOfc&m tpd;k &qef@usia&;qlyvy&m;r_yvky&ef f D hJ f l _fS f pDpOfconf[qum 1997 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (26) &ufae@wif &efuef taemufyi;f cdiw&m;H;k Y 1950 hJ k kd S k G k kd k f jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) jzifh tr_ziw&m;pGqc+hJ y;D / 1997 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (9) hS H_ f G hf J kd S &ufae@wif tvkyEiaxmif'%f (7) ESpcsrwconf? 2004 ckEp/f Zlviv (23) &ufae@wif yk'r 10 G f S hf f S f hJ S kd f G f (u) jzifh aemufxyfjypf'%f&ufaygi;f (60) csrwconf? 2005 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (2) &ufae@wif S f hJ S D G yk'r 10 (u) jzifh xyfw;kd jypf'%f (1) ESpcsrwcc&onf? 2006 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (3) &ufae@wif f f S f H hJ S D G wzef aemufxyfjypf'%f (1) ESpcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? f S hJ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (416) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 5 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 28 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfukd a=unm f kd f f jcif;? 1? r&rf;uke;f rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif qENray;ydici&ol (54495) OD;teuf $ f J J k f G hf dS (41490) OD; wd@k qENray;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfqENrrsm;teufrS cdivaomqENrJ (38435) rJ &&SchJ J h J k f kH d ygonf? ,if; cdivaomqENrrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdi;f k f kH J f kd f f k &&Sd=uygonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2? od@k ygI txufygvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;teuf trSwpOf (C) yg cdivaom qENrtrsm; $ f kd f f f k f kH J qH;k &&Sonfh a':0if;jrifonf &efuewi;f / r&rf;uke;f rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf (2) rS d h k f kd $ f J a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vwawmf $ f kd f $ f a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 41 yk'rcGJ (*) ESitnD a=unmtyfygonf? JG f f hf trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 34? r*Fvmawmif!Gef@re,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmatmifcifqifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmatmifcifqifonf r*Fvmawmif!e@f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd f h G J ua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (21648) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (82 95) jzifh f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? yckuLU rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifuav; (ausmif;tkyq&m }u;D )/ f hJ f trd a':oDv (iSufaysmukefonf) wdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? a'guwmatmifcifqifonf yckuLAk'bmomausmif;/ &efuewuUovw@kd wif ynmoif=um;cJ&m f h U < kf kd f G h M.B.,B.S.(q&m0efbJG@) &&SdcJhonf? t*FvefEdkifiH/ refcsuf(p)wmwuUodkvfrS M.Sc.(Community d d hJ f l kd f Medicine) Manchester jynfo@l tusK;yaq;ynmyg&*lb@JG &&Sconf? *k%x;aqmif aq;bufqi&m awmf0ifb@JG F.R.S.H (London) udk t*FvefEiir&&S+d yD;/ refcsu(p)wmwuUovf use;f rma&;ynm kd f H S f kd tzG@J 0ifv}l u;D M.I.H.E (Manchester) *k%x;l aqmify*Kd~ vftjzpf cef@tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 'uQ%wdi;f / f k hJ d k tqkwa&m*gpprf;&SmazGa&; tzJ@G acgi;f aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ use;f rma&;ynmXme (vufaxmuf f kH !$e=f um;a&;r;) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ 1988 ckEptxd aqmif&uconf? urBmuse;f rma&;tzG@J . yxr Sf G f hJ h t}udrynmoifqukd 1964 ckEpwif tdE,Edii/H bef*vdk rdod@k vnf;aumif;/ 'kw,t}udrf urBmh f k Sf G dN k f d use;f rma&;tzG@J . ynmoifqukd 1972 ckEpwif ,l*qvm;AD;,m;Edii/H bJv*&dwf rd od@k vnf;aumif;/ k Sf G kd kf f wwd,t}urf urBmuse;f rma&;tzG@J . ynmoifqukd 1975 ckEpwif t*FvefEiio@kd vnf;aumif;/ d h k Sf G kd f H pwkwt}udrf urBmuse;f rma&;tzG@J . ynmoifqukd 1983 ckEpwif tdE,Edii/H e,l;a'vDrdESihf h k Sf G dN k f oD&vuFmEdii/H udvbkd rd aq;bufqi&mtkycsKyrynmbmom oifwef;od@k vnf;aumif; ynmoifqk d kf k H kd f f f_ (4) }urwiwif qGwc;l &&Sconf? q&m0efpma&;q&m a'guwmatmifcifqiftjzpfEihf 1972 ckEpwif d f kd f kd f d hJ f h S Sf G umuG,I ukoenf; aq;ynmay;pmtkyjf zifh trsK;d om;pmayqk&&Sconf? aq;ynmjyef@ym;a&; f d hJ G twGuf owif;pm/ *sme,f/ a&'D,/kd kyjf rifo=H um;ponfw@kd rS jzef@jzL;ynmay;jcif;rsm; aqmif&uconf? G f hJ aq;wuUodkvf (1)/ &efukefwGif aemufqHk;ESpfausmif;om;rsm;tm; usef;rma&;ynmbmom&yfudk tcseyi;f yd@k csay;cJonf? use;f rma&;0ef}u;D Xme/ use;f rma&;ynmXmewGif vufaxmuf!e=f um;a&;r; d f kd h (use;f rma&;ynm) tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; hS Sf D kd awmfy}kH uD;wGif jrefrmEdiiuse;f rma&;0efxrf;rsm;or*~ OuU/ use;f rma&; OD;pD;Xme0efxrf;rsm;or*~ kfH OuU/ &efukefaq;Hk}uD;ESifh&efukefwdkif;aq;Hk0efxrf;rsm;or*~ OuUtjzpfyg0ifcJhr_a=umifh wm0efrS t+idr;f pm;ay;jcif;cHc&onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif A[dO;D pD;tzG@J 0iftjzpf wm0ef,conf// hJ kd G k l hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1993 ckEpwif e0wrS }u;D r;usi;f yonftrsK;d om;nDvmcHokd a&G;cs,cu,pm;vS,tpktzGJ rS ud,pm; Sf G h f H kd f f k f vS,tjzpfwufa&mufconf? trsK;d om;nDvmcHtm; qefusionfh pm&Gupmwrf;jzefa0r_jzifh nDvmcH f hJ f f ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS xkwy,fjcif;cHc&onf? ZeD;rSm a':pdepejf zpf+y;D / om;orD;rsm;rSm a':at;at;rl/ k f f f hJ fd OD;aomfwmESia':cifowmwd@k jzpfonf? hf D r*Fvmawmif!e@f re,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f G f kd f a'gufwmatmifcifqifh. a&G;aumufyGJumv vufurf;pmapmifwGifygcJhaom aus;Zl;wifv$m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf tjywftowfatmifjrifvujf cif;rSm nD!wjf cif;jzifh jynfow@kd kd dk G l atmifyGJ[k rSwfwrf;wif*k%fyvkduf&ygonf? nD!Gwfjcif;onf tiftm;ygcifAsm; ? 35? r*Fvmawmif!Gef@re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmoef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmoef;atmifonf r*Fvmawmif!e@f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd f G J ua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19204) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 93) jzifh f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmcdkif/ trd a':apmykwdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5) &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? ausmufjzLrd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef;atmifonf ausmufjzL tpd;k &txuf Gf h wef;ausmif;/ &efuewuUov/f &efueaq;wuUovf (1) wk@d wif q&m0efb@GJ &onftxd ynmoif=um; kf kd kf kd G cJonf? 1974 ckEpwif ud,yiaq;ukcef;/ 1975 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd r*Fvmawmif!e@f or0g,r h S f G k f kd f Sf Sf G aq;cef; wm0efcq&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? H Sf D kd hJ a'guwmoef;atmiftm; 1997 ckEp/f azazmf0g&vwGif etztm%mydirsm;u vlaor_jzifh t"rR f S D kf tr_qifzrf;qD;cJonf? a'guwmoef;atmif.uk,yiaq;cef;wGif vma&mufta&;ay:aq;ukor_ h f d f dk f cH,onfh yef;em&ifusya0'emonf vlemwOD;tm; ta&;ay:toufu,faq;xk;d ay;+y;D &efueaq;Hk l f kf }u;D udk tjrefom;&ef a'guwmoef;atmifrS t=uay;cJonf? tqdygvrrm &efueaq;k}H u;D a&mufonfh G f H h k l kf tcg wm0efusq&m0efrsm;rS &efuejf ynfo@l aq;ktopfo@kd om;&ef xyfr!e=f um;cJonf? aq;ktopf k H G H $ h H od@k toGm; vlemwifvmonfum;bD;ayguom;+yD; bD;topfv&efppOfc&m tcsetawmf=umoGm; h f G J D hJ df cJonf? aemufq;Hk aq;kopfo@kd ra&mufrvrf;wGif vlemaoqk;H oGm;cJonf? aoqk;H olvem. aqGrsK;d h H D h l om;csi;f rsm;rS tajctaejzpf&yfretm;vk;H tm; od&xm;onftwGuf a'guwmoef;atmiftay: S f dS h f wpkw&mjypfwifajymqdjk cif;rycJaomfvnf; rd e,ftm%mydirsm; vufoyfarG;xm;onfh =u@H z@HG rsm;rS H h kf aq;xkd;rSm;I vlrrmaoqkH;&jcif;jzpfa=umif; tr_qifwdkif=um;cJhojzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f (14) ESpf csrwjf cif;cHc&onf? S hJ 36? r*Fvm'Hkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;=unf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unf0if;onf r*Fvm'Hk rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (14404) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (50 0) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;jrifa0/ trd a':at;at;wd@k rS 1949 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (12) &ufae@wif hJ h S G arG;zGm;cJonf? OD=unf0if;onf &efuewuUovrS odyH` (ocsm) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1974 ckEp/f OD;oef@ta&; h kf kd f F d hJ S tcif;wGif wuUovausmif;om;rsm;A[daumfrwDOuUtjzpf aqmif&ucI axmif'%f (7) tjypf kd f k G f hJ ay;jcif;cHc&onf? r*Fvm'Hk rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf twGi;f a&;r;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ &efuef hJ kd k wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&uconf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif usi;f yy k G f hJ S f G vkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& f hJ kd k f f 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSw/f 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh OD;=unf0if;tm; trsK;d om; S f JG 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? kd k f k f h etzrS 2004 ckEp/f arv (17) &ufae@wif jyefvnfusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd woD;yk*vtjzpf S G ~ a&G;aumufywia&G;cs,cxm;&aomud,pm;vS,rsm; tpktzG@J wif yg0ifwufa&mufconf? 2005 JG G f fH k f f G hJ ckEpwif &efuewi;f / arSmbD rd e,f/ anmifEpyifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd Sf G k f kd f Sf a&G;aumufywif a&G;cs,cxm;&aom ud,pm;vS,rsm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,tjzpf JG G fH k f f ~ k f f yg0ifwufa&mufconf? hJ r*Fvm'Hkre,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;=unf0if;. rJqG,fpnf;kH;pOfumvu vufurf;pmapmifwGif ygcJhaomtcsuftcsKd rnfokd@yifjzpfap jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,qonfrm rdrwi;f jynftusK;d / wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;. tusK;d $ f kd f f kd S d kd k udk pOfqufrjywf opPm&Spm wm0efxrf;aqmifae&r,fv@kd cH,ygw,f? dG l 37? r*Fvm'Hkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifxGef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxe;f armifonf r*Fvm'kH rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf G J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (15537) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f ( 55 09) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? =unfjh rifwif (&efue) Zmwdjzpfonf? tz 'kw,Advr; }u;D vSarmif f hJ kd kf d k f (t+ir;f pm;)/ trd a':apm!Ge@f w@kd rS 1944 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (27) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wifxe;f d S k G h G armifonf ,lEkdwpfc&pf,mefausmif;tvHkrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efukef0dZmESifhody`H wuUovrS 1966 ckEpwif odyH` (lyaA') bJ@G &&Sconf? 1967 ckEpwif r[modytydi;f (u) od@k wuf dk f Sf G d hJ Sf G H` k a&mufpOf owWKblraA'XmewGif tvkyoifbraA't&m&S/d 1969 ckEpwif wyfrawmf (=unf;) d f ld Sf G Akvoifwef;ausmif; trSwpOf (40) od@k wufa&mufcI 1970 jynfEp/f oifwef;qif;t+y;D taumif;qH;k d f f hJ hS ausmif;om;qk&&Sonf? 1970 jynfEprS 1974 ckEptxd tvkycr; uyp (1)/ 1974 ckEprS 1978 d hSf Sf f kH GJ Sf ckEptxd tvkycr; (xkwvya&;)/ uyp (5)/ 1987 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm; ,lconf? 1999 ckEp/f Sf f kH JG f kf Sf G d hJ S ZGev (11) &ufae@wif usi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . f G f hJ kd k f tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpyg pmtrSw/f 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 f S f JG
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jzifh OD;wifxe;f armiftm; trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpf G kd f k f k f a=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? etz rS 2004 ckEp/f arv (17) &ufae@wif jyefvnfusi;f yonfh h S G trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd woD;yk*vtjzpf a&G;aumufywif a&G;cs,cxm;&aomud,pm;vS,rsm;tpk ~ JG G fH k f f tzG@J wif yg0ifwufa&mufconf? 2005 ckEpwif &efuewi;f / arSmbD rd e,f/ anmifEpyifpcef;Y quf G hJ Sf G k f kd f Sf vufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufywia&G;cs,cxm;&aom ud,pm;vS,rsm;tpktzG@J rS JG G f fH k f f woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,tjzpfyg0if wufa&mufconf? ZeD;rSm a':at;at;oif;jzpf+y;D om;orD;ig;OD; ~ k f f hJ xGe;f um;cJonf? h r*Fvm'Hkre,f rJqENtrSwf (2) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;wifxGef;armif. rJqG,fpnf;Hk;pOfumvu vufurf;pmapmifwGifygcJhaom tcsuftcsKd jrefrmjynforsm;.pGr;f yum;udk tjynft0toH;k csciay;rnfh 'Drua&pDpepfjzifom jrefrm l G hf kd h Ediiukd jynfvnfxaxmifEirnf? 'Drua&pDpepfomvsif jrefrmEdii. vlaer_b0ESihf tudunq;kH kfH l kd f kd kfH k f D jzpfonf? tajccHv@l tcGita&;rsm; tjynft0&Sonfh 'Drua&pDpepfomv#if jynforsm; pdwcsr;f omr_ hf h d kd l f ud&&SapEdirnfjzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh 'Drua&pDpepfjzpfxe;f wnfwef@a&;wm0efrm wrsK;d om;vH;k ESiouf k d kf kd G S fh qdionfh trsK;d om;a&;wm0efjzpfonf? xdwm0efukd xrf;aqmifjcif;onf trsK;d om;Ediia&;udk aqmif kf k kfH &Gujf cif; jzpfygonf? OD;wifxGef;armif (r*Fvm'Hk) 38? ajrmufOuUvmyre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmoef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmoef;0if;onf ajrmufOuUvmyrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; 'Drua&pD f J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (38025) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 14) k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? &efuef rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pde0if;/ trd a':=uif&w@dk rS 1949 f hJ k f D ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (18) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmoef;0if;onf pde@f aygvausmif;rS q,fwef; S k G h f f atmifjrifcI aq;wuUovf (1) rS 1974 ckEpwif q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1974-75 ckEpwif tvkyoif hJ kd Sf G d hJ Sf G f q&m0ef/ wyfrawmfaq;Hk }u;D (r*Fvm'H)/ 1976 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd ud,yiaq;ukcef;zGivpconf? k Sf Sf k f kd f hf S f hJ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? Sf D kd hJ 39? ajrmufOuUvmyre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ausmf!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausm!e@f onf ajrmufOuUvmyrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f G J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (35503) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (72 93) jzifh k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? 1948 ckEp/f {+yv (19) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? rtlyifrd e,f/ tv,f f hJ S D G wef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdejf r.om; jzpfonf? OD;ausm!e@f onf wef;jrifausmif;xGuvufrw& f G h f S f pmar;yGatmifjrifconf? 1350 jynf(1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufupm J hJ h Sf D kd GG yg0ifconf? hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 40? arSmfbDre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdk;wif (c) OD;pdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k wif (c) OD;pd;k onf arSmbD rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; f J kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17451) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 64) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1941 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? oxHk rde,f odrqy&m hJ S f G f dfG Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;armifxe;f .om; jzpfonf? OD;pd;k onf 1958 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifI G Sf G kd f 1961 ckEpwif tif;pdepufrvufroyrS v#yppftm; (at*swti) atmifjrifconf? 1963 ckEprS Sf G f _ _ d H` f D D kd f hJ Sf 1986 ckEptxd 'kw,vufaxmuftif*se,m/ tif*se,m (rif;bl;/ rauG;/ yJc;l / arSmb)/ 1989 Sf d DD DD f D ckEp/f azazmf0g&vwGif arSmbD rd e,f/ v#yppftif*se,mwm0efrS t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1350 jynf(1988 S D f f DD d hJ h ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufupmyg0ifcojzifh 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (2) Sf D kd GG hJ S kd &ufae@rS 1989 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (4) &ufae@txd yk'r 10 (u) jzifh xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 2004 S f hJ ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; S f G $ f k f S $ f kd f vS,rsm; awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k f kH $ f kd f fl S f wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? G h $ f kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (437) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfukd a=unm f kd f f jcif;? 1? arSmfbDrde,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol (42796) OD;teuf (33693) OD;wd@k qENray;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfh qENrrsm;teufrS cdivaomqENrJ (29761) rJ&&SchJ J J k f kH d ygonf? ,if;cdivkH aomqENrrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdi;f kf J f kd f f k &&Sd=uygonf?
pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;yonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drkd 1407 (u) OD;ausmfjrifh ua&pDygwD? woD;yk*~v 547 (c) OD;=unfjr &mckiEe; df _ f 4 72 1 84
352
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (*) OD;cspfa0 (C) OD;pH& (i) OD;pkd;wif (c) OD;pkd; (i) OD;pkd;rif;
'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D+idrf;) wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&; d G f ygwD? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH 'Drkd ua&pD wyfaygif;pk? 1101 9109 17451 146 37 30 61 58 64 0 49
2? od@k ygI txufyg v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;teuf trSwpOf (i) yg cdivaomqENrJ f kd f f f k f kH trsm;qH;k &&Sonfh OD;pd;k wif (c) OD;pd;k onf &efuewi;f / arSmbD rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f d k f kd f $ f trSwf (1) rS a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l $ f kd f v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 41 yk'rcGJ (*) ESitnD a=unmtyfygonf? f JG f f hf trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 41? arSmfbDre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;cifarmifxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifxe;f onf arSmbD rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; G f J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (13056) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (50 8) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1928 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (5) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;jrwfomxGe;f .om; jzpfonf? hJ S D G OD;cifarmifxe;f onf ppf}u;D twGi;f Armhwyfrawmfo@kd &JabmftjzpfEi0ifa&mufconf? yrywf Advoif G S hf hJ k f wef;wufI zufqpfawmfvea&;wGif wki;f (7)/ wyf&if; (103) Advavmif;&mxl;jzifh yg0ifconf? Sf d k f hJ ppf}uD;t+yD; q,fwef;atmifjrifI &efuewuUovo@kd wufa&mufonf? Oypm odywef;atmifjrif kf kd f H` onf? ausmif;om;oHr%dwyfz@GJ pnf;a&;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifc+hJ y;D ArmhwyfrawmfAvoifwef; tywfpOf kd f (3) od@k wufa&mufconf? 1950 jynfEprS 1960 jynfEptxd qo& 'kAv/f t*Fvefo@kd qufo,a&; hJ hSf hSf kd G f t&m&Soifwef;wuf&ef (2) }urom;a&mufconf? qo& wyfpr; / wyfcr; / (wkwjf zLppfqifa&;ESihf d df G hJ k GJ aomif;use;f r_ ESrEi;f a&;)/ 1960 jynfEprS 1970 jynfEpf txd qo& 'kw,Advr; }u;D / rE av; wvu/ dfS hSf hS d k f W cvu/ evuwd@k wif OuU/ tzJ@G 0if/ wki;f ajr,maumfrwD OuU/ 1970 jynfEprS 1981 ckEptxd G d hSf Sf qufo,a&;!e=f um;r_XmeESif qufo,a&;aumfydka&;&Si;f !e=f um;a&;r;csKyfEihf OD;aqmif!e=f um; G f h G f S a&;r;/ jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD uvmyfpnf;acgif;aqmif/ tvkyform;tpnf;tHk; A[kdOD;pD;/ tjynfjynfqi&m a=u;eef;qufo,a&;nDvmcH/ pmyd@k wuor*~nvmcHEihf *vwqufo,a&;ESihf kd f G f dk f D S d f k G f tm&SEiiqufo,a&; ynmndEi;f pnf;a0;yJrsm;oGm; acgi;f aqmif/ armfue;f 0if('kw,qif) ESihf EdiiH dk f H G f d_ G G d h kf *k%&nf (yxrqif) &onf? rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G Eihf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dwif f h fJ S kd k G wm0ef,lcJhonf?
353
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (438) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfukd a=unm f kd f f jcif;? 1? arSmfbDrde,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol (42811) OD;teuf (31233) OD;wdk@ qENrJay;=u&m ,if;wdk@ay;onfh qENrJrsm;teufrS cdkifvHkaomqENrJ (27273) rJ&&SdcJh ygonf? ,if;cdkifvHk aomqENrJrsm;udk v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdkif; &&Sd=uygonf?
pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;yonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; trsKd ; om;rsm;'D r k d u a&pD 13056 (u) OD;cifarmifxGef; tzGJ@csKyf? &mckiEe; df _ f 50 8 2 34 3 03 2 98 40 84
(c)
OD;xGef;om
woD;yk*~v 'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzG@J csKyf ('D+idrf;) jynf a xmif p k t rsKd ; om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDygwD? wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD?
639 827 814 11137
(*) OD;vSjrifh (C) OD;vSrdif (i) OD;omausmf
2? od@k ygI txufyg v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;teuf trSwpOf (u) yg cdivaom qENrJ f kd f f f k f kH trsm;qH;k &&Sonfh OD;cifarmifxe;f onf &efuewi;f / arSmbD rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,ftrSwf d G k f kd f $ f (2) rS a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; jynfol@ v$wawmfa&G;aumuf yGOya' yk'r 41 yk'rcGJ (*) ESitnD a=unmtyfygonf? f J f f hf trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r;
354
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 42? &efuif;re,frJqENe,f? a':cifat;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':cifat;jrifonf &efuif;rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; h J G kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (25949) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 08) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? armfvriu|e;f Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;pH!e@f / trd a':tke;f wd@k rS 1929 ckEp/f ZGev (28) hJ df G S f &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? a':cifat;jrifonf i,fpOfu jynfrd wGif ynmoif=um;cJI 1952 ckEpwif Gf h h h Sf G 0dZmbJ@G / 1958 ckEpwif ynma&;0dZmbJ@G &&Sonf? 1952 ckEprS 1965 ckEptxd A[ef; tpd;k &txufwef; Sf G d Sf Sf ausmif;wGif txufwef;jy/ 1965-66 ckEpwif vufaxmufuxdu uefbq&mtwwfoifoy/H` Sf G hJ d 1967 ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd ajrmufOuUvmtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1972 Sf Sf ckEprS 1986 ckEptxd wmarGtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1986 ckEpwif Sf Sf Sf G vkyoufjynft+idr;f pm;,lconf? &efuif;rde,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUtjzpf aqmif&uchJ f h hJ kd G f onf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif usi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkyf S f G f hJ kd k tr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSw/f f S f JG 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh a':cifat;jriftm; trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmh h kd f k f onfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (24) &ufae@wif k f h S G jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? f kd f f f G f hJ &efuif;re,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fa':cifat;jrifh. rJqG,fpnf;kH;pOfumvufurf;pmapmifwGifyg0ifcJhaom tcsuftcsKd@ u|erudrray;rD 'gawGukd rJqEN&irsm;pOf;pm;apcsiygonf? f k J Sf f 1? rJqEN&irsm; yifyef;}uD;pGm w&m;ojzif&mazGpapmif;xm;wJaiGawGukd w&m;r0ifjzpfrmudk pd;k &dryl Sf hS k h S f yefaeovm;? 2? oifom;orD;awG ynmpHvmwJtcg tuyf&+dS y;D taumiforS tvky&rSmudk ylyefaeovm;? h k h d f 3? arG;&mygv@l tcGita&;qH;k H;_ vd@k cdi;f wmvkyf ajymwmacgi;f ndwcwacwf}uD; jyefa&mufrm pd;k &drf hf k f hJ hJ S aeovm;? 4? oifuse;f rma&;twGuf aq;0g;ud&,mypPn;f rvG,v@kd pdwyyefaomua&mufaeovm;? h d f fl 5? vkyc/ vpm/ 0ifaiGe@J ukeaps;E_e;f rr#v@kd oifrmig;yg;oDvrjrrmudk pd;k &draeovm;? f f hS JS f 6? trsK;d om;Ediia&;eJ@ywfoufv@kd wvH;k wpnf;xJaomor*~rsm;zG@J pnf;cGir&rSmudk pd;k &draeovm;? kfH hf f 7? w&m;a&;rdKifrm aiGe@J tm%mucsKyfui}f u;D pd;k cs,v,wacwfukd jyefa&mufrmpd;k &draeovm;? S kd f S f hJ S f 8? jynfwi;f +ir;f csr;f a&;r&Sv@kd wdi;f &if;om;nDtudtcsi;f csi;f wducuae&+y;D rdu/JG zuG/J vifao/ om;ypf/ G d d k k k f kd f aomuu&wJacwfq;kd }u;D udk uawG@&rSmpd;k &draeovm;? H h H f 9? toGiomefom&S+d y;D tESpom&r&SwhJ tcGita&;twkta,mifawGa=umifh tvkyorm;eJ@ v,f f f d hf f orm;awG[m zGwfausmjympk/ cktqHu|wf/ iSufawmifyHu|wfb0ukef;rxGufEdkifrSmpdk;&drfae ovm;?
355
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 10? oif&J rsK;d qufawG[m rw&m;wJzEycsKyfcs,rawGe@J uawG@vmwJtcg Oya'abmifxu 'Drua&pD h h d dS f f_ H h J kd enf;ususawmif;qdcir&Srmudk ylyefaeovm;? k G hf d S tJ'p;kd &dryyefaomua&mufp&mr&SwhJ 'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpopfukd wnfaqmufcsi&if trsK;d D fl d kd k f om; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (carmuf) udom &J&00ray;vdu=f uyg? kd k J hH hH J k EdkifiHa&;cH,lr_ESifh oabmxm;? jrefrmEdiitm; vGwvyfIw&m;r#waomEdiiawmftjzpf +idr;f csr;f aomenf;jzifh tjrefq;kH kfH f kfH a&muf&v+kd y;D jynfovx. qENuav;pm;I vl@tcGita&;udwefz;kd xm;aom tpd;k &tzG@J rsK;d jzifom dS l l k kd hf k h jrefrmEdiionf bufaygi;f pHrS wd;k wufvmvdrrnf[k ,H=k unfygonf? OuU}u;D OD;wifO;D / taxGaxG kfH k hf twGi;f a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiwuG zrf;qD;xdr;f odr;f cH Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm; vGwajrmuf S hf kfH f a&;udk tpOfta&;xm;I carmuf (od@k ) trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. a&G;aumufyatmifEia&;onf kd JG kd f trsK;d om;a&;toGivuQ%m aqmifaomatmifjrifrrsm;. rSwwi}f uD;wcktjzpf ,H=k unfygonf? f _ f kd od@k jzpfI &efuif;rd e,fu,pm; us&mwm0efukd OD;vnfrokef xrf;aqmifrnfh ta=umif; uwdopPmy kd f tyfygonf? av;pm;pGmjzifh a':cifat;jrifh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (409) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 5 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 28 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnfudk a=unmjcif;? 1? &efuif;rde,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,fwGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol (58355) OD;teuf (41977) OD;wdk@ qENrJay;=u&m ,if;wdk@ay;onfhqENrJrsm;teufrS cdkifvHkaomqENrJ (38114) rJ &&SdcJhygonf? ,if;cdivaom qENrrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdi;f &&S=d uyg k f kH J f kd f f k onf?
pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;yonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25949 (u) a':cifat;jrifh &mckiEe; df _ f 68 08 1 71
(c) OD;azodef;
vl@abmifopf'ru&ufwpfygwD D dk
653
356
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (*) OD;armifarmifjrifh (C) a':vS=unf (i)
OD;0if;armif wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD? woD;yk*~v jynf a xmif p k t rsKd ; om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDygwD? 'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D+idrf;) 9529 324 1077 582 25 0 0 85 2 83 1 53
(p) OD;odef;wef
2? od@k ygI txufygvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;teuf trSwpOf (u) yg cdivaom qENrtrsm; $ f kd f f f k f kH J qH;k &&Sonfh a':cifat;jrifonf &efuewi;f / &efuif;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS a&G;aumuf d h k f kd $ f J wifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG $ f kd f $ f Oya' yk'r 41 yk'rcGJ (*) ESitnD a=unmtyfygonf? f f hf trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1423) (1360 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvqef; 7 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 24 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a':cifat;jriftm; &efuewi;f / &efuif;re,f/ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS h k f kd $ f J jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol tjzpfrS $ f kd f f H Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &efuewi;f / &efuif;rd D kH D kd JG G kd k f kd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf $ f J $ f kd f f cHxm; &ol a':cifat;jrifu rdronf ,cktcg use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmf h d d $ f udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhyyg&ef ,if;.qENt av#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg a':cifat;jrif.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' h f f $ f yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i)ESitnD a':cifat;jriftm; ,ae@rpI &efuif;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,frS f f hf h S $ f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvduf $ f kd f f H f G fG k
357
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r;
43? a&$jynfomre,frJqENe,f? OD;pdefvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdevif (Advf}u;D oef;xGe;f -t+ir;f pm;) onf a&$jynfom (rd opf) rJqENe,fwif trsK;d om; f G k d G 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (12400) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ (62 22) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;jr&$e;f / trd a':pderwd@k rS 1922 ckEpwiarG;zGm;cJh f hJ f Sf Gf onf? u@d yifaumufrd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdevif (Adv}f u;D oef;xGe;f -t+ir;f pm;) onf ud yifaumufrd f G k d trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1942 ckEprS 1945 ckEptxd h Sf Sf ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at) wyf&if; (2) ysO;f rem;ppf0ef}u;D H;k / xdrS ArmhrsK;d cspwyfrawmf f D k f (yDbtufz) wdi;f (4)/ (105)wyf&if; ysOy}kH u;D pcef;zsuor;f onf txdyg0ifconf? vGwvyfa&;armfue;f D f k f f d hJ f G 0if ('kw,qif) &cJonf? 1940 jynfEprS 1962 ckEptxd ppf&wyf&if; (4) wyfcr; wyfa&;Adv}f u;D / d h h hSf Sf J GJ k ppf&Av}f u;D / OD;pD;t&m&Sd ('k)/ a&;axmuf/ Adv}f u;D tqif/h wyfcr; Adv}f u;D cv& (57)/ evu OuU J kd k GJ k tkwfwi;f / wyfcr; Adv}f u;D / cr& (109) vm;_;d (vkyouf (2) ESpav#m@csc&onf)? 1970 jynfEpwif G GJ k f f H hSf G wyfrawmfrwwrf;H;k / 1980 jynfEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G (wdi;f H;k ) S f hSf G d hJ fJ k wGif wm0ef,conf? l hJ 44? vomre,frJqENe,f? OD;=unfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfjrifonf vomrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI0if h J G kd k f a&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (11205) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (84 88) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? 1953 ckEp/f Zlviv (14) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;armifarmif.om; jzpfonf? OD;=unfjrifonf hJ S kd f G h tvHk tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI pD;yGm;a&;wuUovrS bD-tDue;f hJ kd f G bJ@G &&Sconf? 1972 ckEprS 1982 ckEptxd pDrue;f a&;qGa&;OD;pD;Xme (H;k csKyf/ vGKd ifaumf/ zm;aqmif;) d hJ Sf Sf H d J H;k 0efxrf;/ 1982 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd ud,yip;D yGm;a&;vkyuiconf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp)/ Sf Sf k f kd f f kd f hJ Sf jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifconf? 1993 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (15) &ufae@wif D kd hJ S kd G &efueajrmufyi;f cdif w&m;H;k rS 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n)/ rw&m;toif;rsm; kf kd k hS H_ f tufOya'yk'r 17 (1)/ 1962 ckEp/f yHEyxwa0cGiOya' yk'r 1720 wd@k jzifh jynfya&muftwdutcH f S k dS f k f hf f k f tzG@J tpnf;rsm; xkwa0onfpmtky/f pmapmifrsm;tm; v#Kd 0Supmjzef@a0onf[qum axmif'%f f h fG k kd tESpf (20) csrwjf cif;cHc&&mrS 2001 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (9) &ufae@wif jrif;jctusO;f axmifrjS yef S hJ S kd G H vGwonf? f
358
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (402) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 27 &uf) ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfukd a=unm f kd f f jcif;? 1? vomrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,fwif qENray;ydici&ol (18698) OD;teuf (14035) OD;wd@k $ f J G J k f G hf dS qENray;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfqENrrsm;teufrS cdivaomqENrJ (13201) &&Scygonf? ,if;cdif J h J k f kH d hJ k vHaomqENrrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdi;f &&S=d uygonf? k J f kd f f k
pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;yonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11205 (u) OD;=unfjrifh &mckiEe; df _ f 84 88 1 69 0 18 1 93 10 84 03 0 17
ta=umif;t&m ?
(c) OD;cspfarmif (*) OD;wifEG,f (C) a'gufwm a':ykdykd
'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D+idrf;) jynfol@a&S@aqmifygwD (y&y)
223 24 255 1431 40 23
jynfaxmifpk trsKd;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDygwD? (i) Akdvf}uD;armifarmif (t+idrf;pm;) wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD? 'Drkdua&pDygwD (p) OD;aomif;aX; uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;/ qkd&S,f (q) OD;at;armif vpf q ef @ usif a &;/ tm%m&S i f qef@usifa&;/ vGwfvyfaom 'Drkd ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? od@k ygI txufygvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;teuf trSwpOf (u) yg cdivaom qENrtrsm; $ f kd f f f k f kH J qH;k &&Sonfh OD;=unfjrifonf &efuewi;f / vomrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS a&G;aumufwif d h k f kd $ f J ajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' $ f kd f $ f JG yk'r 41 yk'rcGJ (*) ESitnD a=unmtyfygonf? f f hf trdef@t&(at;armif) twGi;f a&;r;
359
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 45? v_difre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;a&$ (t+idrf;pm;Adkvfr;}uD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) t+ir;f pm;Advr; }u;D armifa&$onf vdif rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD d k f _ J kd tzG@J csKyftm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (24779) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 82) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1920 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (4) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? ayguacgi;f f hJ hS G f rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;bd;k om trd a':a':tH;k wd@k .om;jzpfonf? OD;a&$onf i,fpOfu ayguacgi;f / f jynf/ &efuew@kd wif ynmoif=um;cJonf? &efuewuUovwif Oypm0dZm tydi;f (c) Ywufa&mufaepOf kf G h kf kd f G k Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat) od@k 0ifa&mufconf? Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat)/ G f kd f hJ G f kd f ArmhumuG,a&; wyfrawmf (bD'at)/ ArmhrsK;d cspwyfrawmf (yDAtufz)/ Armhwyfrawmfw@kd wif wm0ef f D f D f G xrf;aqmifc&m/ 1961 ckEprS 1964 ckEptxd Advr; }u;D / wdi;f r; (ta&Sydi;f wdi;f ppfXmecsKyf)/ 1964 hJ Sf Sf k f k k k ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd pufrvufrEihf tvkyorm;Xme 0ef}u;D / 1962 ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd awmfvef Sf Sf _ _S f Sf Sf S a&;aumifp0if/ jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD A[daumfrwD0ifEihf A[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ D kd S f k S k f A[dtvkyorm;aumifpD OuU/ 1972 ESpwif wm0eftm;vH;k rS&yfpc&+y;D / awmfvea&;tpd;k & uw&m;pGJ k f f G JH Sf cJ&m txl;cH;kH jzifppfaq;cJ+h y;D w&m;pGq&eftcsur&SI tr_witEdi&&Sconf? ygw.ta&;,lc&r_ h k h J dk f d G f k f d hJ D H twGuf ygwwi;f t,lcwufc&m A[daumfrwDwitEdi&aomfvnf; A[dnvmcHt,lcaumfrwDu D G H hJ k Gf kf k D H if;udpukd qufvufaqmif&uay;jcif;r&Scyg? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmf P G f d hJ Sf D kd yH}k u;D wGif wyfr; a[mif;}u;D rsm; (15) OD;tzJ@G wif yg0ifonf? rsK;d cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G Eihf trsK;d om; G S 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfw@dk wif A[ktvkytr_aqmif wm0ef,conf? OD;a&$onf rdr.use;f rma&;tajc kd G d f l hJ d taea=umifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&efwifjyvmojzifh aumfr&SirS $ f kd f f f G fG f 1991 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (7) &ufae@wif a=unmcsuf trSwf (972) jzifh Ekwxucihf ycJonf? S kd G f G fG h OD;a&$rS trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfo@kd A[dO;D pD;tzG@J 0if/ &efuewi;f pnf;tzG@J 0ifEihf omreftzG@J 0iftjzpfrS kd k k f kd S Ekwxucihf y&efawmif;qdconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J rS OD;a&$xrS EkwxucirwifjyrD 1991 ckEp/f f G fG k hJ kd H f G f G hf S atmufwbmv (7) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS EkwxucjhJ cif;tm; trsK;d om; kd G $ f kd f f f G f 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfo@kd udwiftoday;cJjh cif;r&Sojzifh tzG@J csKyf.rlEihf qef@usiojzifh tzG@J csKyf.omref kd d S f d;k d;k tzG@J 0iftjzpfrS 1991 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (8) &ufae@rpI xkwy,fconf? pnfoAvr; }u;D S kd S f hJ l kd f armifa&$ (t+ir;f pm;/ =unf;-3575/ ,cif awmfvea&;aumifp0if/ +ir;f )/ (0ef}u;D / pufrvufrEihf tvkyf d Sf D d _ _S orm;0ef}uD;Xme/ +idr;f )/ vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if (yxrqif) Edii*%&nf (yxrqif)/ *syefacwf f G h k f hH k f h Advoifwef; tywfpOf (1)/ touf (81) ESponf 2001 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wif &efukefrd k f f S G aetdrY uG,veonf? ZeD;rSm a':cifjrjrjzpf+y;D om; OD;0if;Edi/f orD; a':cifrmaxG;/ a':cifywd@k xGe;f um; f f Gf k l cJhonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f bk&m;/ odrf/ ausmif;/ Z&yf/ &[ef;'g,um}uD; pnfolAdkvfr;}uD;armifa&$ (t+idrf;pm;) ,cif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if (+idrf;) 0ef}uD; - pufr_vufr_ESifh tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme (+idrf;) vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if (yxrqifh)/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf (yxrqifh) *syefacwfAdkvfoifwef;tywfpOf (1) touf (81) ESpf (aygufacgif;) ayguacgi;f rd ae (OD;bd;k om-a':a':tH;k ) wd@k . om;/ &efuef rd ae (OD;xGe;f az-a':oDv) wd@k . f k S om;oruf/ &efuef rd / trSwf (10ps)/ jynfo@l vrf;/ (7) rdif jynfvrf;/ r&rf;uke;f rd e,fae (a':cifjrjr) k k . cifye;f / OD;0if;Edif (a) Kennet Shwe - a':cifcif ( jrefrmpm/ pD;yGm;a&; - +ir;f )/ OD;jrifatmif (a'ocH G k d h H k ud,pm;vS,f Wooil Marine Co., Ltd.) - a':cifrmxl; (a) Pansy Shwe wd@k . zcif/ rpHp0if;Edif k f (acwW pifumyl)/ r,Ofrex;l atmif (acwWpifumyl)/ rat;at;rGejf rwf (SCCD Summit Park View Gf k k f D df f Hotel) wd@k .tbd;jzpfol Advr;}u;armifa&$ (t+ir;pm;) onf 4-12-2001 &uf (t*F g) ae@ rGe;vGJ (1) em&D wGif txufygaetdrY uG,veom;ygI use&aeaomkyuvmyfukd aetdrrS a&a0;okomefo@kd f f Gf G f dS f f (8-12-2001) &uf (pae) ae@ rGe;f vGJ (1) em&Dwif yd@k aqmif*oi;f o* [rnfjzpfyga=umif;? G l G f (usef&pfolrdom;pk) 46? v_difre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmjrodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;apmjrode;f ('kw,Advr; }u;D / +ir;f ) onf v_if rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om; d k f d d J 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (31775) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S f hJ d f kH k kf_ (77 97) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? jrpfom;rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ri/f trd a':aiGyiw@kd rS f hJ d kd f 1924 ckEp/f Zlviv (3) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;apmjrode;f onf jrpfom;'Dp}wwaumifpbwf S kd f G h d f D k tzJ@G ausmif;rS tv,fwef;atmifjrifI trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif t*Fvy-jrefrm q,fwef; df txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? ausmif;om;or*~ twGi;f a&;r;/ 1942 ckEpwif ArmhumuG,a&; wyfrawmf h Sf G f (bD'at) wyfom;/ r*Fvm'HAvoifwef;ausmif;'kw,ywfqif; Advavmif;/ 1943 ckEpwif *syefjynf D k kd f d k f Sf G bk&ifppfwuUov/f wdusK/d ynmawmfoif (oifwef;+y;D qH;k / Advav;&mxl;)/ 1946 ckEprS 1971 ckEptxd h kd k k f Sf Sf uENpmcsKyft& wyfrawmfuz@GJ pnf;onftcg 1946 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (1) &ufae@wif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd D dk h S D G 'kw,Adv/f xdrS tru (1) rdwvm/ wyfct&m&S/d ppf&wyf&if; (,ltify) (6)/ rdwvm/ wyf&if;r; d k k D GJ J D D (rdwvmwduy/GJ 1949 ckEpwif autif'tzrf;qD;jcif;cH&+y;D (2) ESpausmcef@ csKyfaESmifc&onf)? oeu D k f Sf G D dk f f H (2)/ usKd i;f wH/k wyf&if;r;/ cv& (5) ESihf cv& (14)/ ppfawG/ wyf&if;r;ESihf &cdiwyfaygi;f pkr; / A[dppfvufeuf kf k ypPn;f wyf wyfr; }uD;/ &efuef rde,f wyfr; / Advoifwef;ausmif;ESit=uyfoifwef;ausmif; ausmif; k k f hf tky}f u;D / cv& (10) awmifil wyf&if;r;/ csi;f oeu (4) wmcsvw/f usKi;f wH/k wyf&if;r;ESihf acwWAsL[mr;/ D d d
BC-3575
361
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ppfO;D pD;wuUovf (&efue) wGzuf/ 1971 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (1) &ufae@wif 'kAvr; }uD;tqifjh zifh kd k f J S k G kd f wyfrawmfrS t+ir;f pm;,lconf? =uH cdia&;/ uif;axmufEi=hf uufajceDtoif;wd@k wif t"duwm0ef,chJ d hJ kf S G l onf? wyfrawmfwm0efjzifh jynfy (7) Ediio@kd avhvma&;oGm;a&mufconf? jynfwi;f a&a=umif; kfH hJ G o,f,lydk@aqmifa&; (y-&-o-z) ESifh A[dko,f,lydk@aqmifa&;aumfrwDOuU/ &efukefqdyfurf;ESifh taumufcetxl;rif;}u;D / or0g,r !e=f um;a&;r;/ jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD wdi;f cJG (3)/ csi;f jynf Gf kd S f k e,f 'kw,OuU/ ygwXmecsKyf/ ynma&;Xme}u;D r;paom ygwwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifconf? rsK;d cspf d D D hJ &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[daumfrwD0if/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fem,uwm0efw@kd ,conf? k kd l hJ vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if ('kw,qif)/ Edii*%&nf (yxrqif)/ oD&yscsD bJ@G w@kd cs;D jrijhf cif;cH&onf? 1992 f G d h kfHk f h d H ckEp/f =o*kwv (21) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? ZeD;rSm a':=unfvif (c) a':0if;&Djzpf+y;D / om;orD;rsm;rSm S f G f Gf _d a':apmolZmOD;0if;atmif/ a':apmrmvm/ a':apmjrrm/ a'gufwmcifarmifcsdK/ a':apmOrRm/ OD;udk udapma':cifEi;f a0/ OD;nDnapm/ a':cif0if;=uL/ OD;wifrsK;d axG;wd@k xGe;f um;cJonf? k S D h 47? v_difom,mre,frJqENe,f? Adkvf}uD;oef;u,f (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Adv}f u;D oef;u,f (t+ir;f pm;) onf v_iom,m (rd opf) rJqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD k G d df G kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (17248) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 98) k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1927 ckEp/f rwfv (26) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;wif.om; jzpf f hJ S G h onf? Adv}f u;D oef;u,f (t+ir;f pm;) onf 1300 jynfta&;awmfykH ausmif;om;oydwwivnf;aumif;/ k G d h f Gf 1941 ckEp/f tm&Svi,f rtlyifcdiwivnf;aumif; yg0ifconf? 1947 ckEpwif Armhaoewfuif S l kf Gf hJ Sf G kd wyfo@kd 0ifa&mufconf? 1949 ckEpwif arrd bDtm&fpavhusia&;wyf/ yk'r (5) jzifh (8) vtcsKyfc&+y;D hJ Sf G D hf f H wyfrxuciay;cJonf? 1950 jynfEpwif rtlyifcdippf0efxrf;wyfo@kd 0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D 1955 ckEpwif S G f G hf h hSf G kf Sf G wyfrawmfo@kd u;l ajymif;onftcg jyefwrf;0ift&m&Stjzpf cv& (30) wGif wm0efusconf? 1961 h d hJ ckEpwif cv& (7) (bbppfqifa&;)/ 1963 ckEprS 1965 ckEptxd e,fjcm;0efaxmuf (usKd if;wHEihf Sf G Sf Sf kS wmcsvwcki)/ 1966 ckEprS 1972 ckEptxd evu OuU oeyfyif/ tif;pde/f r*Fvm'H/k Aef;armuf/ D d f df Sf Sf 1972 ckEpwif rdrqENtav#muf wyfrxuconf? 1974 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd tif;pdef rde,f Sf G d S G f hJ Sf Sf aumifpD OuU/ vdiom,mrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? _f kd G l hJ 48? vSnf;ul;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apmausmfpdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;apmausmpeonf vSn;f ul;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf fdf J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (26113) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (56 98) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? 1932 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (25) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz apmjrwfrif;/ f hJ S D G tdr aemfpe!e@f w@dk . om;jzpfonf? OD;apmausmpeonf armfvriatbDtrfausmif;/ tvHk yJc;l u&if d f G fdf df ausmif;wd@k wif owWrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? xd@k aemuf ausmif;rSxuI opfvyief;vkyuichJ G h G f kf f kd f onf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifconf? trsK;d om;'Drkd S f D kd hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif aus;&GmOuU wm0ef,conf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; G l hJ D kH D kd aumfr&SirS 1999 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (6) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1426) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmf f S D G f $ f ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif;a=unmcJonf? 2004 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (7) &ufae@ uG,vef k f f f G f h S k f G onf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif usi;f yy vkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkyf S f G f hJ kd k tr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsuf t& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSw/f S f JG 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm; kd k f k f vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? h jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1426) (1360 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 6 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;apmausmpetm; &efuewi;f vSn;f ul;re,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f fdf k f kd $ f J trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf cH $ f kd f f xm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &efuewi;f vSn;f ul; D kH D kd JG G kd k f kd rde,fjynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G; $ f J $ f kd f f aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;apmausmpeu rdronf touft&G,}f uD;&ifvm+yD; use;f rma&; H fdf d h raumif;awmhygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm; d $ f kd f f H &oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f G fG f h 2? txufyg OD;apmausmpe.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' fdf f f $ f yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;apmausmpetm; ,ae@rpI vSn;f ul;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf f f hf fdf S $ f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS $ f kd f f H Ekwxucihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? f G fG k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; c&pfawmfY tdyfaysmfjcif; OD;apmausmfpdef touf (73) ESpf vSn;f ul;rd e,f/ pmbl;awmif;aus;&Gmae (apmjrwfrif;-aemfpe!e@f ) wd@k . om;/ (apmxGe;f vSdf G aemftm;uJ) wd@k . om;oruf/ aemf[,fvif;. cifye;f / (OD;achv#-a':azm0g;)/ aemft;kH jrifw@kd . armif/ G H h
363
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aemfa'G;r,faemf/ (apmvG)/ (apmzd;k atmif)-aemfrm}u;D / apmoef;',f-aemfap;azmrif;wd@k . tud/k apm D xl;a*g- aemfzap;/ apm0if;Adv-aemfoef;oef;at;/ apmxGe;f pH=unf-aemf0g;qufzvd@k w@kd . zcif/ aemfa[h h J k f Z,fx;l . tbd;k onf 7-11-2004 &uf (we*FaEGae@) nae (7 ; 09) em&Dwif c&pfawmfY tdyaysmom; G f f G ygI 10-11-2004 &uf (Ak'[;l ae@) rGe;f vGJ (1) em&Dwif o* [ygrnf? < G f usef&pfolrdom;pk 49? vSnf;ul;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pHwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHwifonf vSn;f ul;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (14640) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 96) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? 1947 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (22) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;vSaz.om; jzpfonf? OD;pHwifonf hJ S k G a&wm&Snfrd e,f/ rd vStpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ v,fa0;rd e,f atvmtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ awmifil rd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2)/ armfvriaumvdy/f &efue0ZmESihf odywuUovf df kfd H` kd (jyify) wk@d wif 0dZmbJ@G &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? txufwef;a&SaeESihf rSwywifOya'pmar;yJG G h f kH wd@k uvnf; atmifjrifconf// 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifchJ kd hJ Sf D kd onf? w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpf vkuygaqmif&utoufarG;onf? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G; d f G f D kH D kd aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1999 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (6) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1446) jzifh JG f S D G f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) $ f kd f f f G f h S f &ufae@wif usi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0; G f hJ kd k f qH;k jzwfcsut& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSw/f 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh f S f JG trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unm kd f k f k f cJonf? h 50? vrf;rawmfre,frJqENe,f? OD;aeOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;aeOD;onf vrf;rawmfrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI0if J G kd f k f a&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15765) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (81 38) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;ae0if; (tqm[d&ibe;f ) (uG,ve)/ trd a':&D&w@dk rS 1952 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (19) hJ Sf G f Gf D S D &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? &efuef rd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;aeOD;onf pde@f yufx&pfausmif;/ a':EkEcifausmif;/ Gf h k k tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (2) tvH/k &efue0ZmESioywuUovw@kd wif 0dZm (jrefrmpm) bG@J & k f d hf d H` kd f G onftxd ynmoif=um; cJonf// rdzydif (ae&D&) yHEywuwif refae*smtjzpfaqmif&uonf? 1350 h k D k dS f dk f G G f jynf(1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufupmyg0ifconf? jynfo@l vwawmfu,f h Sf D kd GG hJ $ f kd pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1996 f f G f D kH D kd JG f ckEp/f ZGev (13) &ufae@wif a=unmcsuf trSwf (1270) jzifh a=unmcJonf? 2001 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv S f G h S k (28) &ufae@wif &efuef rd / A[dpnfaq;H}k u;D Y uG,veonf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif G k k f Gf S f G
364
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f usi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwf f hJ kd k f csut& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpyg pmtrSw/f 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh trsK;d om; f S f JG 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? kd k f k f h OD;aeOD; touf (50) (ae&D&Dpmtkyfwdkuf) vrf;rawmfre,f &efuef rd / vrf;rawmfrd e,f (2u) atmif&wemvrf;ae (pma&;q&marmifae0if;)-a':cif k &Dwdk@. om;}uD;/ (OD;vGef;armif-a':cif!Gef@)wdk@. om;oruf/ (Adkvfr;rif;aqG)-a': jrifhjrifhcifwdk@. wlarmif/ a':eDeEi. cspvpmaomcifye;f / armifatmif[e;f 0if; (ESpv;kH csu}f u;D )/ rar0ifow@kd . zcif/ D kd f f SG G d f h l (OD;=unfvif)-a': wifrmquf/ (OD;pdkif;avmifvdkif;z)-a':&D&D0if;/ OD;^m%f0if;(acwW-pifumyl)a':pkpwifw@kd . tud}k u;D / pdi;f oD[z/ tif=uif;zESihf rif;udEiw@kd . b}u;D onf (28-11-2001) &ufwif k h k k kd f G A[dpnfaq;H}k u;D Y uG,veygI (30-11-2001) &uf eHeuf (10) em&Dwif a&a0;tat;wdurS a&a0; k f Gf G k f okomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D o* [ygrnf? f usef&pfolrdom;pk jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (434) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnfukd a=unm f kd f f jcif;? 1? vrf;rawmfrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,fwif qENray;ydici&ol (25140) OD;teuf (20429) $ f J G J k f G hf dS OD;wd@k qENray;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfh qENrrsm;teufrS cdivaomqENrJ (19371) rJ&&Scygonf? J J k f kH d hJ ,if;cdivaomqENrrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdi;f &&S=d uyg k f kH J f kd f f k onf?
pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;yonfh ygwDtzGJ@ trnf tpnf; jynfol@pGrf;tm;ygwD (u) OD;cifarmif &&Sdonfh qENrJaygif; 28 186 &mckiEe; df _ f 0 14 0 96
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365
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (*) OD;pHeDoGif (C) OD;pkd;v_dif (i) OD;ae0if;
woD;yk*~v trsKd;om;a&; yuwdvrf;pOf OD;aqmiftiftm;pktzGJ@csKyf uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;/ qkd&S,f vpf q ef @ usif a &;/ tm%m&S i f qef@usifa&;/ vGwfvyfaom 'Drkd ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D+idrf;) woD;yk*~v woD;yk*~v jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om; 'Drkdua& pDygwD wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&; ygwD woD;yk*~v 25 19 49 0 13 01 0 25
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15765 458 15 141 224 2402 59
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2? od@k ygI txufyg v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;teuf trSwpOf (p) yg cdivaomqENrJ f kd f f f k f kH trsm; qHk;&&Sdonfh OD;aeOD;onf &efukefwdkif;/ vrf;rawmfrde,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,frS a&G;aumuf wifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vwawmf $ f kd f $ f a&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'r 41 yk'rcGJ (*) ESitnD a=unmtyfygonf? f f hf trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; 51? omauwre,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? J OD;armifarmifvwf (a'gufwmvd_ifeD)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifvwf (a'guwmv_ie) onf omauwrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d f dfD J om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (32295) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ (74 65) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ysO;f rem;rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;vSrif (&Jabmfo;kH f hJ d usy0if Advr; &efatmif)/ trd a':v_iviw@kd rS 1950 jynfEp/f =o*kwv (9) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? df k f d f d_ f hS f G h i,femrnf a'gi;f av;jzpf+y;D / wuUov0ifwef;txdtrnfrm armifarmifvwfjzpfonf? aq;wuUovf kd f S kd
366
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f od@k a&muf&onftcg armifvie[k trnfajymif;cJonf? OD;armifarmifvwf (a'guwmv_ie) onf dS h _d f D h f dfD 1956 ckEprS 1959 ckEptxd rvdif rd/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGiynmoif=um;cJonf? 1960 Sf Sf _ f h jynfEprS 1968 ckEptxd &efuef rd / a&ausmtxufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJonf? Advw hSf Sf k f h k f axmiftpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (3) rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI 1977 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf hJ Sf G kd (1) rS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1979 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd yJc;l wdi;f twGi;f aq;0efxrf;vkyief;wd@k ukd d hJ Sf Sf k f aqmif&uconf? aq;wuUovf (1) ausmif;om;b0wGif u|e;f qG,ta&;tcif;ESihf OD;oef@ta&; G f hJ kd f tcif;wk@d wif wufwufuG uyg0ifconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l ta&;awmfy}kH u;D umv G G hJ hS Sf qENjy&mwGif ud,wiryg0ifcaomfvnf; n (8) em&D jrefrmhtoHowif;ukd oHy;kH wD; _wcs&ef v_@H aqmfchJ k f dk f hJ f onf? rmCvkviftrnfjzifh w&m;r0ifpmapmifxwa0cJonf? a'guwmv_ieD onf 1990 jynfEp/f k f h f df hS pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@u rE av;taemufawmifrde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf;kH wGif y W kd vkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#Kd0Suftpnf;ta0;wGif wufwufuGuG yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhojzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? jypfrqi&mOya'yk'r 122 (1) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cHc&ojzifh hJ _ kd f f _ S hJ a&G;aumufyOya'yk'r 11 (n) ESihf +ipe;f I jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; GJ f dG $ f kd f f S f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wif D kH D kd JG f S G a=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfa&G;aumufyrsm;wGif yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? h G f h JG S d f G hf kd f hJ 52? omauwre,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? J OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f jrifonf omauwrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (35576) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 7) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S f hJ k f kH k kf _ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? yJc;l rdZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f &if/ trd a':oef;wd@k rS 1936 ckEp/f atmufwkd hJ S bmv (16) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;tke;f jrifonf yJc;l rd trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef; G h h atmifjrifI &efuewuUovrS odyb@JG (bDtufpp) &cJonf? 1962 ckEprpI ocsmESiyaA'enf;jy kf kd f H` fD h SfS F hf l udk,fydkifoifwef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD; wGiyg0ifconf? f hJ 53? oCFe;u|e;re,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? f f J OD;odef;!Gef@ (armifodef;!Gef@-aumhu&dwf)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f !Ge@f onf oCFe;f u|e;f rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; J kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (34232) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 83) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1944 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;^m%f&if.om; jzpfonf? hJ S G OD;ode;f !Ge@f (aumhu&dw) onf bDattm&ft,fv/f tdwcs*sy/D 'Da*sb@GJ & w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saejzpfonf? f f f D 1959 ckEprS 1961 ckEptxd u&ifjynfe,fEiweoFm&Dwi;f ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ aumhu&dwf Sf Sf S hf kd ausmif;om;or*~jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD twGi;f a&;r;/ ausmif;om;nD!wa&;wyfO;D acgi;f aqmif/ G f o[m,ESipmzwftoif;csKyf OuU/ ausmif;om;v_y&m;r_ukd OD;aqmifcojzifh 1963 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv hf fS hJ S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (2) &ufae@rS 1967 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (14) &ufae@txd armfvriaxmifwif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f S kd df G xm;jcif;cHc&onf? 1969 ckEprS 1971 ckEptxd tif;pdef yvupma&;0efxrf;/ 1972 ckEprS 1978 hJ Sf Sf Sf ckEptxd vrf;pOfvi,fEihf ygwXmecsKyf wd@k wif Xmer;/ 1978 ckEp/f =o*kwv (22) &ufae@wif vli,fEihf Sf l S D G S f G S ywfoufaom owif;aqmif;yg;ESpfyk'fudpP/ EdkifiHa&;orm;ESpfOD;wdk@ESifhywfoufaomudpPwdk@a=umifh wm0efEitzJ@G 0iftjzpfrS &yfpxwy,fjcif;cHc&onf? 1968 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd armifoe;f !Ge@f S hf J k f hJ Sf Sf d (aumhu&dw) trnfjzifh aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJonf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pD f h Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufupmyg0ifconf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f GG hJ S G S a&;rS &Jrewyfrd &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&+y;D / 2001 Gf h hJ ckEp/f Zlviv (6) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? 2004 ckEp/f ZGev (7) &ufae@wif ESpaygi;f (30) =um S kd f G G f S f G f aexdivmcJonfh oCFe;f u|e;f rd e,f/ av;axmifuefvrf;&Sd {u0ufe;D yg;us,f jctrSwf (72) &Sd aetdrf kf h h H tm; &efueta&Sydi;f cdif w&m;H;k rS 1978 ckEpucsKyqxm;onfh pmcsKypmwrf;udy,fzsu+f y;D aetdrukd kf k k Sf f kd f k f tarGqitrtjzpf ajymif;vJowfrwI avvHwifa&mif;cs&efjyifqifI zdtm;ay;jcif;cHc&onf? 2005 kd f d f S f hJ ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (6) &ufae@wif vGwvyfonfh tm&StoH(Radio Free Asia) toHviXmeESihf S D G f $ hf awG@qkH ar;jref;cJonftwGuf 1926 ckEp/f w&m;H;k rsm;udk rxDrjhJ rifyr_tufOya'' yk'r (3) t& '%faiG h h S f (2000) usyay;aqmif&ef ysuuuygu tvkyraxmif'%f (1) vuscap&ef trde@f csrwjf cif;cHc&onf? f f G f f hJ H S hJ ZeD;rSm a':cifcifat; (w&m;H;k csKyfa&Sae) jzpf+y;D om;ESpO;D xGe;f um;onf? f 54? oCFe;u|e;re,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? f f J OD;jrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;jrifoe;f onf oCFu|e;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (33392) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 78) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1928 ckEpzm; jzpfonf? OD;zd;k aX;.om;jzpfonf? OD;jrifoe;f onf zufqpf*syef hJ SfG h d awmfvea&;wGiyg0ifcI armfue;f 0if ('kw,qif) &cJonf? wdi;f &if;jrefrmaq;q&mpmar;yGJ atmifjrif Sf f hJ G d h h k xm;I ud,yijf refrmh;kd &maq;wduzivpxm;onf? 1950 jynfEprS 1962 ckEptxd rde,fcdif k f kd k f G hf S f hSf Sf k z-q-y-v wGif yg0ifO;D aqmifconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d) awmifov,form;tzJ@G wif hJ kd k l G wm0ef,lcJhonf? 55? oHk;cGre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vGif (Adkvfr_;}uD;armifvGif-t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vGionf oH;k cGrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI f J kd f k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (18189) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 11) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ cHc&onf? 1924 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (22) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? tz OD;bom/ trd a':ode;f wd@k . hJ S kd G om; jzpfonf? OD;vGionf 1942 ckEp/f 'kw,urBmppf}u;D rwdirD &efuef rd wGif oli,fwef;rS q,fwef; f S d kf k txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1942 ckEprS 1945 ckEptxd Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat)/ h Sf Sf G f kd f ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at)/ ArmhrsK;d cspwyfrawmf (yDbtufz) wd@k wiyg0ifconf? bD'at f D f D f Gf hJ dD
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f yxrywfAdkvfoifwef;qif;/ *syefjynf bk&ifhwyfrawmfppfwuUodkvfausmif;qif;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sjd zpfvm+y;D / 1946-58 ckEpf wGif oeu (5)/ trSwf (7) ajcvsiwyfaygi;f pkXmecsKyf/ S f ucsif (1)/ cr& (104) wd@k wif Advr; }u;D tqiftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1952 ckEprS 1954 G k f h hJ Sf ckEptxd tqifjh rifppfoifwef;rsm;udk t*FvefjynfppfwuUovrsm;wGif wufa&mufconf? 1959 Sf h kd f hJ ckEpwif Advr; }u;D tqifjh zifh ppfor; (tar&duefjynfaxmifp)/ 1963 ckEpwif vyc 'kw,wdi;f r;/ Sf G k f H k Sf G d k 1964 ckEpwif &wcwdi;f r;/ 1969 ckEpwif trsK;d om;pDrue;f 0ef}u;D Xme 'kw,0ef}u;D / 1971 ckEpwif Sf G k Sf G H d d Sf G wyfrawmfrS jyefwrf;0ift&m&Stvky0wW&m;rsm;udk jyefvnftyfEcihf ycJonf? pDrue;f ESibma&; d f HS G h H d hf 0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;/ 1974 ckEpwif 'kw,0ef}uD;csKyf/ 1977 ckEpwif wwd,t}udrygwnvmcHY Sf G d Sf G f D D A[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf a&G;cs,rcHawmhbJ 'kw,0ef}u;D csKyfEihf pDrue;f ESibma&; k f f d S H d hf 0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D rS Ediiawmfaumifp0if/ 1980 jynfEpwif tem;,lconf? vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if kfH D hSf G hJ f G (yxrqifh)/ EkdifiHh*k%f&nf (yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsDbJG@wkd@csD;jrifhcH&onf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;+yD;aemuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif bma&;Xmer;tjzpf D kd kd G wm0ef,conf? OD;wifO;D / OD;=unfarmif/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D aemuf l hJ hJ 1991 ckEp/f rwfv (26) &ufae@wif jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onfh tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J wif twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf S G f G wm0ef,conf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf aetdrtus,csKyfrS jyefvnfvwajrmufvm+y;D aemuf 1995 l hJ f f G f ckEp/f atmufwbmv (9) &ufae@wif jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onfh A[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwDY twGi;f S kd G k f a&;r;tjzpf jyefvnfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@wif jzpfym;cJonfh hJ S G G h 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uH wducuowfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfym;pOf aetdrtus,csKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f J k f kd f G f f jcif;cHc&I 2004 ckEp/f {+yv (13) &ufae@wif aetdrtus,csKyfrS jyefvnfvwajrmufonf? ZeD;rSm hJ S D G f f G f a':wifwifrav;jzpf+y;D / orD; a':pkpvi/f om; OD;ausmqef;vGiw@kd xGe;f um;cJonf? k G f f h 1990 aemufyi;f rSm tifet,fv'taeeJ@ Ediia&;ygwwcktjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfEia&; kd f fD kfH D kd f udk aESmif,u+f cr;f ajcmufrtrsK;d rsK;d =um;xJu ke;f uefae&wJh OD;atmifa&$ukd rsm;pGmulncouawmh h S d _ D hJ l tifet,fv'D tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J &J rlvtzG@J 0ifvnf;jzpf/ tifet,fv'&J bma&;r;vnf;jzpfwhJ f f f f fD OD;vGiygy? 'kw,urBmppfjzpfv@kd OD;vGibtiatxJ0ifwtcsewe;f u touf (18) ESpy&ygao;w,f? f J d f D kd f hJ d f k f J dS k f OD;vGi[m 1943 ckEp/f =o*kwvtwGi;f *syefEiiH Rikugun Shikan Gakko Advoifwef;ausmif;rSm f S f kd f oifwef;wufz@kd apv$wjf cif;cH&wJh jrefrmt&m&Savmif;awGxu wOD;jzpfygw,f? 1945 =o*kwvrSm d J f jrefrmt&m&Si,fav;awG ppfoifwef;+yD;wJtcserm jrefrmEdiirm zufqpfawmfvea&;u paeyg+yD? d h dfS kfHS Sf OD;vGie@J o@l &J vkyazmfuibuf t&m&Si,fav;awG[m Hakone rSm 1945 ckEp/f atmufwbmvtxd f f kd f d S kd aecJ&+y;D / pm;zd@k aomufz@kd twGuf rD;aoG;zkwa&mif;cJ&ygw,f? h f h vGwvyfa&;&+yD;wJaemuf OD;vGi[m wyfrawmfxrmyJ qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD;/ f h f JS t*Fvef eJ@ taemuf*smreDawGukd ppfoifwef;awGwufz@kd apv$wjf cif;cH&ygw,f? 1959 ckEprm ol[m SfS 0g&iwefrm ppfor; tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcygw,f? tar&duefjynfaxmifpuae jyefvm+y;D wJaemuf Sf S H hJ k h tv,fyi;f wdi;f ppfXmecsKyfwi;f r;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeqJrm &efuerm 'k0ef}uD;wm0ef xrf; kd k kd S kfS aqmifz@kd tac:cH&ygw,f? 1962 ckEprm ppfwyfutm%modr;f +y;D wJaemuf jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOf SfS h kd S f ygwukd wnfaxmifc+hJ y;D / wdi;f jynfutycsKyfaepOfumvtwGi;f rSm OD;vGi[m bma&;0ef}u;D tjzpf D k kd k f f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? tJ'Daemuf 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyf/ EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0iftjzpf wm0efxrf; aqmifcygw,f? ol[m Ediiawmfaumifp0iftjzpfrm Ekwxuvuygw,f? hJ kfH D S f G f kd f OD;vGi[m 1988 ckEprm tifet,fv'xrm yg0ifc+hJ y;D / ol@&J bma&;qdi&m tawG@tuH f SfS f fD JS kf awG/ d;k om;ajzmifrwfr*%oumawGa=umifh bma&;r;tjzpf a&G;cs,jf cif;cH&ygw,f? 1992 rSm h _k f d Q tifet,fv'ukd twif;t"rRjyefvnfz@JG pnf;cdi;f wJtcgrm OD;vGi[m twGi;f a&;r;wm0efu,+l yD;/ f f D k h S f kd OD;atmifa&$[mOuU jzpfvmcJygw,f? h a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJpm trSw(18)rS h f 56? oH;cGre,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? k J OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmjf rifonf oH;k cGrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f h J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (18282) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 37) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? oH;k cGrde,f/ waumaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHv/S trd a':apmvSw@kd rS hJ 1934 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ausmjf rifonf wki;f &if;aq;ynm oH;k bmom S D G h h d *k%x;l jzifatmifjrifaom d;kd &maq;ynm&SiwOD;jzpfI wki;f &if;y&aq;okawoe tcrJvyief;ESihf f h f d h k f wdi;f &if;aq;0g;wk;d wufa&;wk@d ukd aqmif&uconf? pmqdawmfr*~Zif;xkwa0ol/ wufae0if;yHEywuf k G f hJ k f k dS f kd yHEyo/l obm0owWaq;wduvyief;wd@k ukd vkyuionf? k dS f d k f kf f kd f 57? oHv#ifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwm0if;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwm0if;Ekionf oHv#if rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f df J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (18845) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 46) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? A[ef; (&efue) Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jraomif;/ trd a':!e@f &iw@kd rS 1954 hJ kf Sf ckEp/f rwfv (10)&ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwm0if;Ekionf omauwrd tpd;k & txufwef; S G h f df ausmif;trSwf (2) rS q,fwef; atmifjrifcI aq;wuUovf (1) &efuerS 1979 ckEpwif q&m0efb@JG hJ kd kf Sf G &&Sconf? 1981 ckEprS 1989 ckEpf txd jyifyq&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pD d hJ Sf S Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGiyg0ifconf? oefvsif rde,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGJ csKyfwif OD;aqmifwm0ef,chJ f hJ kd G l onf? 58? oHv#ifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;oef;0if;onf oHvsif rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17893) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 67) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1930 jynfEp/f =o*kwv (26) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? +rdwfrdZmwd jzpfonf? hJ hS f G OD;pdev#.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;0if;onf 1951 ckEpwif odyb@JG (yxra&$wqyq)/ 1952 ckEpwif f H Sf G H` H df k Sf G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f GfD d odyH` (*k%x;l ) ("mwkaA') a&$wqyq/k 'DywEipt;D (City and Guilds of London) bJ@G ve'yvkrm& f H df D D S hf D a&eH"mwkoyynm&SiwOD;jzpfonf? 1953 ckEpwif t}uD;wef;"mwkaA't&m&Sd (bDtp) oefvsif d H` f Sf G kd D a&eHcsupuf/kH 1977 ckEpwif !e=f um;a&;r;/ ref;oHy&muefprue;f / 1984 ckEpwif !e=f um;a&;r;/ f Sf G k DH d Sf G a&eH"mwkEiobm0"mwfaiG@vyief;aumfydka&;&Si;f / 1987 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? a&eH"mwkEihf S hf kf Sf G d hJ S ywfoufI bJ@G ve,jl cif;/ avhvma&;c&D;ESihf ES;D aESmzvS,yrsm; wufa&mufjcif;wk@d twGuf jynfyEdiiH Gf f JG kf aygi;f (20) ausmo@kd om;a&mufc+hJ yD; ,if;tawG@tuHrsm;udk jrefrmha&eHvyief;wGif vufawG@toH;k f G kf csconf? hJ OD;oef;0if; !ef=um;a&;r;/ pDrHa&; (+idrf;) jrefrmha&eH"mwkaA'vkyfief; touf (70) oefvsif rd / aomufawmfwi;f &yfuu/f OD;vSxe;f vGivrf;/ trSwf (38) ae a':pDp/D (OD;xGe;f G G G f atmifausm) wd@k . nDarmif/ OD;wifarmifausm-a': jrjr+idr;f / OD;tke;f ausm-a':rOLxGe;f wd@k . OD;av; f f f jzpfoonf 20-1-99 &uf(Ak'[;l ae@) nae (4 ;25) em&Dwif uG,veom;ygojzifh 22-1-99 &uf l < G f Gf G (aom=umae@) rGe;f vGJ (1) em&Dwif txufygaetdrrS oefvsif ewfpifue;f okomefo@kd y@kd aqmif *loi;f G f k G o* [rnfjzpfyga=umif;? f usef&pfolrdom;pk 59? tvHk re,frqENe,f? J a':pef;pef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) a':pef;pef;0if;onf tvHrJ rd e,fqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm;ud,pm;yI k G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16503) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 54) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHchJ S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f &onf? a';'&Jrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;udu}kd u;D (t+ir;f pm;OD;pD;r;)/ trd a':0rf;wd@k rS 1945 ckEp/f 'DZif k d S bmv (25) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a':pef;pef;0if;onf vom tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf G h (2) (pde*|e;f uGeAif)/ rd rtrsK;d orD;ausmif;wk@d wif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1971 ckEpwif &efuef f f h G Sf G k 0dZmESioywuUovrS Oya'bJ@G &&Sconf? 1972 ckEprpI w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpf vkuygaqmif&uchJ hf d H` kd f d hJ SfS d f G f onf? tr&yl&rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrwif y J $ f kd f ff G vkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&;v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcojzifh oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f f f hJ kd f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? xd@k aemuf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r 122 (1) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G; hJ _ kd f f _ S aumufyOya'yk'r 11 (n) jzif+h ipe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsuvua=umif; JG f dG $ f dk f f f kd f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wif D kH D kd f S G a=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? e0w h G f JG S d f G hf kd f hJ a=unmcsutrSwf (1192) t& jypfrqi&musix;kH Oya'yk'r 401 (1) jzifh 1992 ckEp/f arv (1) f _ kd f hf f S &ufaewif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? G f G f
371
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a':pef;pef;0if; w&m;Hk;csKyfa&Sae touf (55)ESpf &efuef rd / tvHk rd e,f/ trSwf 151/ ik0gvrf;ae Advr; udu}kd u;D (+ir;f ) - (a':0rf;) wd@k . orD; k k f k d }u;D / OD;xGe;f udu}kd u;D - (a':csKd ,kvi)/ OD;cifarmifat;-a':vJv0if;/ OD;rsK;d udu}kd u;D - a':tufpwm k _d f h hJ k wd@k . tr}u;D / r,rHat;/ armifxe;f csKd vif;/ armifausmuu/kd rupfupf/ armifjynfpw@kd . ta': jzpfol k G f kd h kH a':pef;pef;0if;onf (7-6-2000) &uf rGe;f vGJ (12 ; 15) em&Dwif uG,veom;ygI (9-6-2000) &uf G f Gf G rGe;f vGJ (2) em&Dwif a&a0;okomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D o* [rnfjzpfygonf? G f usef&pfolrdom;pk 60? tif;pdefre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;xGef;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f v_ionf tif;pdef rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; df J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (33802) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 84) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? wku}f u;D rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHjrif/h trd a':at;jrwd@k rS 1927 ckEp/f =o*kwv hJ d S f (16) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;xGe;f v_ionf 1943 ckEprS 1945 ckEptxd tm&S vli,ftr_aqmif/ G h df Sf Sf zufqpfawmfvea&;wGif wku}f u;D rd e,fajrmufyi;f Ediia&;wm0efc/H 1945-46 ckEpwif tvHeygwD Sf d kd k f H Sf G D rd e,f t wG i f ; a&;r ; / xk d r S wvcG J r # tzrf ; cH c J h & +yD ; aemuf &ef u k e f w uU o d k v f w G i f ynmqufvufoif,conf? 1947 ckEprS 1952 ckEptxd ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ ocsmtoif; l hJ Sf Sf F tr_aqmif/ tif;pdecdiwuUovausmif;om;rsm;toif; OuU/ 1951 ckEpwif odyb@GJ &&Sc+hJ y;D Oya' f kf kd f Sf G H` d 0dZmoifwef;'kw,ESptxd oif,conf? 1951-52 ckEpwif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tif;pdecdif df f l hJ Sf G f k rd e,fq&mrsm;toif; OuU/ 1952-53 ckEpwif tif;pdecdif ynmtky/f 1953-54 ckEpwif tvkyf Sf G f k Sf G oifvufaxmufv,f0ef (xkrS ausmif;om;b0 Ediia&;aqmif&ura=umifh z-q-y-v tpd;k &u d kfH G f_ zrf;qD;+yD;/ tvkyr&yfpvuonf)? 1964 ckEprS 1976 ckEptxd jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygw0if/ f S J kd f Sf Sf kd S f D ygw,epf OuU/ A[daumfrwD0if/ A[da&;&maumfrwD0if/ awmifov,form;aumifpD tvkytr_ D l k k l f aqmif/ A[dtzJ@G i,f OuU/ 1976 ckEpwif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwrS oef@pifjcif;cHc&onf? 1977 k Sf G kd S f D hJ ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd tvGwynmoifausmif;tky/f 1980 jynfEpwif txufwef;a&Saepmar;yJG Sf Sf f hSf G atmifjrifc+hJ y;D a&Saetjzpfvuygconf? vGwvyfa&; armfue;f 0if ('kw,qif) &onf? ygwp'rua&pD dk f hJ f G d h D kH D kd taxGaxG a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1999 ckEp/f rwfv (4) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf JG f S G f (1447) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? $ f kd f f f G f h 61? tif;pdefre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdefvSOD; (armifEG,fOD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdevO;D onf tif;pdef rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,f f S J kd f k
B.A. (Law), LL.B.
372
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f pm;yI 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (29639)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (7105) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1938 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (17) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;bd;k b. om;jzpfonf? hJ S k G OD;pdefvSOD;onf owif;pmorm;wOD;jzpfI &efukefwuUodkvfESifh tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / bDat/ 'Da*s (*suzmqifzv;kd ) bJ@G &&Sconf? ausmif;om;b0wGif wuUovowif; f J d hJ kd f axmuf/ ausmif;t+yD;wGif Advwaxmifowif;pmt,f'wm (jynfwi;f / jynfyaqmif;yg;/ acgi;f }uD; k f D G rsm; a&;om;cJonf)/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEp) jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif owif;pmoydwukd h Sf D kd f acgif;aqmifcJhI/ wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfzJG@pnf;&mwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf.tiftm;pktjzpf yg0ifconf? armifE,O;D uavmiftrnfjzifh ky&ia0zefa&; hJ G f fSf aqmif;yg;trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpfwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyf tr_aqmifaumfrwD0if OD;pdevO;D onf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. *ENa=unmcsutwdi;f e0wu f S kd D f k v$wawmfac:,lciray;v#if trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytaejzifh aqmif&u&rnfh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,ukd f G hf kd f G f f tzJ@G rsm;cJIa&;om;ypk&mwGiyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJonf? rE av;rd wGif pifyitpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&; v#Kd 0SuupP G f h W df f d wdk@udkvnf;od&Sdxm;cJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;pdefvSOD;onf jypfrqi&mOya'yk'r 122 (1) t& axmif'%f (10) ESpcsrwjf cif;cHc&I a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 11 _ kd f f f S hJ JG f (n) ESi+hf idpe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsuvua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD G $ f kd f f f kd f D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? JG f S G h wuUovf ausmif;om;b0u 1962 ckEp/f Zlviv (7) &ufaeta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifconf? aemifyvkyf kd S kd f hJ rnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? 1992 ckEp/f arv (1) &ufaewif e0w JG S d f G hf kd f hJ S G a=unmcsuf trSw(1192)t& jypfrqi&musix;kH Oya' yk'r 401 (1) jzifh tif;pdeaxmifrS jyefvwchJ f _ kd f hf f f G f onf? 1994 ckEp/f Zlviv (4) &ufaeY ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rSzrf;qD;cJaom a'guwmcifaZmf0if;. S kd f S h f udpEiywfoufI if; tygt0if OD;cifarmifaqG (prf;acsmif;) ESihf a':pef;pef;EGJ (pef;pef;EGJ -om,m0wD) P S hf wdk Eitwl 1994 ckEp/f =o*kwf v (5) &ufaewif xyfrzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D axmif'%f (7) ESpf S hf S G H hJ jypf'%fcsrwcjhJ cif;cHc&onf? 2005 ckEp/f Zlviv (6) &ufae@wif jrpf}u;D em;tusO;f axmifrS jyefvnf S f hJ S kd f G vGwajrmufonf? f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (13) &Srf;jynfe,f?
jrefrmEdiita&Sydi;f wGif wnf&onf? ajrmufvwWw'f (19) 'D*&D (00) rdepfEihf (22) 'D*&D kfH k dS D G S (15) rdepftwGi;f / ta&Savmif*sw'f (96) 'D*&D (26) rdepfEihf (98) 'D*&D (47) rdepftwGi;f wGif wnf&onf? D G S dS ajrmufbufwif ucsijf ynfe,fEihf wkwjf ynfo@l orRwEdii/H ta&Sbufwif wkwjf ynfo@l orRwEdiiEihf G S kf G kfHS vmtdkEdkifiH/ awmifbufwGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ u,m;jynfe,fESifh u&ifjynfe,f/ taemufbufwGif rE av;wki;f / ppfui;f wdi;f wd@k Eihf xdpyfvsu&onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (60155) us,0ef;onf? W d kd k S f dS kf f jynfe,f rd awmfrm awmif}u;D rd jzpfonf? S &Sr;f jynfe,fwif rd e,f (52) rd e,f&dS rJqENe,f (56) e,fY Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (22) ck G kfH D tm; ud,pm;y,SOf yiol v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (200) OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmf ud,pm;vS,f k f df f kd f f ~ f k f avmif; (4) OD;/ pkpaygi;f (204) OD;0ifa&muf,Of yic=hJ u&m &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (23) k S df k kd ae&m/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (22) ae&m/ jynfaxmifpk ytd@k 0trsK;d om;rsm;tzG@J csKyfrS (3) ae&m/ kd f wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (2) ae&m/ u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&; kd G f 'Drua&pDtzG@J / jynfaxmifpk "EktrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@ 'Dru&ufwpfygw/D vm;[l kd kd kd trsKd;om;zGH@zd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwDESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk; nD!wa&;ygww@kd rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD;a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? G f D f 1? uavmre,frJqENe,f? OD;jrifhoef;/ jynfaxmifpk "EktrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifoef;onf uavmrd e,frqENe,fwif jynfaxmifpk "EktrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; h J G kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (11232) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (36 03) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;ndKpdr/hf trd a':a&$w@kd rS 1947 ckEp/f =o*kwv (3) &ufae@wi arG;zGm;cJh hJ S f G f onf? OD;jrifhoef;onf ynma&;wuUodkvfrS ynma&;bGJ@ (bD-tD;-'D) &cJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrSpI atmifyef;tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xdrS 1989 ckEpwif emruse;f k Sf G yifpif,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 1984 ckESpfwGif txufwef;olemy a': jrifjh rifh (usKd ufvwf) ESihf vufxyfconf? hJ 2? uGef[def;re,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;vdyf (c) pJvdyf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdi;f vdyf (c) pJvyonf uGe[e;f rde,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDt k d f f d J G k kd zG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (5195) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (84 08) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;0rf;qGr;f / trd a':eef;vlw@kd rS 1940 jynfEp/f {+yv (25) &uf f hJ hS D ae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? uGe[e;f rd e,f/ usKd if;vGe;f qGr;f aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdi;f vdyf (c) pJvyonf G h f d k df usKd if;vGe;f aus;&Gm vlxtru/ vG,viftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif owWrwef;atmifjrifonf k f G txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1970 jynfEpf wGif &yfuuf (2) OuU/ &yfuuaumifpD OuU/ 1974 h hS G G f ckEpf rS 1985 ckEptxd rd e,faumifptvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0if/ 1985 ckEpwitem;,lI ud,yip;D yGm; S Sf D f Sf Gf k f kd f a&;vkyuiconf? &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rd e,fem,utjzpf aqmif&uconf? f kd f hJ k kd G G f hJ 3? aus;oD;re,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;wif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;xGe;f wifonf aus;oD;rde,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J G k kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (6368) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (86 48) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;xGe;f vS/ trd a':apmcifw@kd rS 1942 ckEpwif arG;zGm;cJonf? aus;oD;rd hJ Sf G h Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGe;f wifonf aus;oD;tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ vJcsm; tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; wd@k wif wef;jrifausmif;xGupmar;yGatmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1962 ckEpwif vJcsm; G h f J h Sf G tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif acwWausmif;q&m0ifvyconf? 1963 ckEprpI ud,yiv,f,m k f hJ SfS k f kd f jcvyief;jzifh toufarG;cJonf? 1992 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (7) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? H kf h S G f Gf 4? uGwfcdkifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cGefqdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGeqionf uGwcif rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f dk f f kd J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (1761) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (35 44) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? uGwcif rd Zmwd jzpfonf? 1916 ckEp/f =o*kwv (9) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ f dk S f G OD;cGe*sr.om; jzpfonf? OD;cGeqionf uGwcif rd tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ t*Fvy-jrefrm tv,f f f f kd f f kd df wef;ausmif;/ vm;_;d / ykor/f paumu&if txuwd@k wif (9) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1940 d G h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfEpwif rE av;&Joyo@kd wufa&mufconf? 1941 - 42 ckEpwif 'k&ty/f odE/DM 1942 ckEprS 1952 hSf G W d H` hJ Sf G J k Sf ckEptxd pcef;r;/ =uLukw/f yefqi/f erf;crf;/ 1953 ckEprS 1959 ckEptxd ucsiqyfpwdwaumifp0if/ Sf kd Sf Sf f f D 1959 ckEprS 1965 ckEptxd &Jty/f 1966 ckEprS 1976 ckEptxd 'k&r; / 1976 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm; Sf Sf k Sf Sf J Sf G d ,lconf? hJ 5? uGwfcdkifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;tdkuf&D (c) OD;vS[ef/ wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tdu&D (c) OD;vS[efonf uGwcif rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d k f f kd J om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (1316) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ (34 87) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? uGwcif rd e,f/ avmhcr&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armuf f hJ f kd GfG crf;/ trd a':at;yGiw@kd rS 1946 ckEpwif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;tdu&D (c) OD;vS[efonf uGwcif rd tpd;k & hf Sf G h k f f kd txufwef;ausmif;wGif e0rwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? xdrS ukeo,a&;0efxrf;/ h k f G f 1974 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd uGwcif rd e,fjynfo@l aumifp0if/ 1976 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd rd e,f Sf Sf f kd D Sf Sf or0g,r wGzuftwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? J G f hJ 6? ausmufrJre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSaz (c) pdkif;z/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSaz (c) pdi;f zonf ausmufrJ rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pD k J k kd zG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (9045) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (48 42) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;aygi;f auG/ trd a':qG,crf;pDw@kd rS 1950 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv f hJ f hS (16) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? erRwl rd / yef[u&yfZmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSaz (c) pdi;f zonf yef[uf G h kd f k kd trsK;d om;rlvwef;ausmif;/ tm0gav'DueAiftxufwef;ausmif; erRww@kd wif tajccHynmoif=um; Gf h l G +y;D aemuf 1974 ckEpwif pD;yGm;a&;wuUovrS bDue;f (tdiw) pDyatbG@J & &Sconf? O,smOfjcvyief; Sf G kd f G kf D D d hJ H kf vkyuionf? &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDz@JG csKywif A[dpnf;r; (1) wm0ef,conf? ZeD;rSm eef;cifjrifh f kd f k kd f G k l hJ jzpfonf? 7? ausmufrJre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? pdkif;aqmifqD (c) e,fvfqif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdi;f aqmifqD (c) e,fvqifonf ausmufrJ rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om; k f J k rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (8427) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ (50 78) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;aumvD.om; jzpfonf? 1948 ckEp/f {+yv (1) f hJ S D &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? pdi;f aqmifponf 1954 ckEprS 1965 ckEptxd arrd pderuu,fausmif;wGif G k D Sf Sf f kd f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1969 ckEpwif rE av;0dZmESioywuUovrS odyb@JG &&Sconf? ausmufrJ rd wGif Sf G W hf d H` kd f H` d hJ tk%O;D wnf;cdcef;zGivpvyuionf? &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif A[dpm&if;ppf f k hf S f k f kd f k kd G k (2) wGif wm0ef,conf? l hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 8? uGrf;vHkre,frJqENe,f? OD;&efusif;armf/ &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;&efusi;f armfonf uGr;f vHk rd e,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'ru&ufwpfygwtm; ud,pm; J G D kd D k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (4013) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 78) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? ud;k uef@e,f/ ,efawmf&e&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&ef0ifajymif/ trd a':vDa&Smufavmufw@kd rS hJ SfG 1938 ckEpwiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;&efusi;f armfonf (8) ESpt&G,wif ,efawmf&e&m&Sd ud;k uef@pmay Sf Gf h f f G SfG oif=um;aomausmif;Y (9) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? touf (22) ESpwif tdraxmifyI h f G f rdom;pkEihf twlawmif,mvkyief;/ ta&mif;t0,fvyief; vkyuiconf? &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'ru&uf S f kf f kd f hJ D kd wpfygwwif 'kw,OuUtjzpf wm0ef,conf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (13) &ufae@wif yvkyonfh D G d l hJ S f G f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;rS OD;&efusi;f armftm; tzG@J 0ifopftjzpf vufcchJ $ f kd f H onf? 9? usdKif;wHkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdkif;vHkausmuf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pki;f vHausmufonf usKi;f wHk rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d k d J kd tm;ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (7781) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 1) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1942 ckEp/f arv (23) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;armife.om; jzpfonf? hJ S G D OD;pki;f vHausmufonf 1958 ckEpwif usKd if;wHtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifconf? d k Sf G k hJ 1960 jynfEprS 1965 ckEptxd aemifa,; tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ usKi;f wHwif rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpf hSf Sf d k G tr_xrf;cJonf? h 10? usKdif;wkHre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdkif;&Dwpf (yf)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdi;f ,Dwpf (yf) onf usKd i;f wHk rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; k J kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (11934) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (77 45) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1942 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (27) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;vHx.om; jzpfonf? hJ S k G k DG OD;pdi;f ,Dwpf (yf) onf 1965 ckEpwif q,fwef;atmifjrifcI yxrESpoyukd awmif}u;D Oypmaumvdyf k Sf G hJ f d H` wGif wESpwufa&muf+y;D / 1966 ckEpwif usKi;f wHk tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2) wGif tv,fwef; f Sf G d jyq&m/ 1970 jynfEpwif tvkyrS Ekwxuconf? hSf G f f G f hJ 11? qDqdkifre,frJqENe,f? OD;pdef0if;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;pde0if;onf qDqif rde,frqENe,fwif jynfaxmifpytd@k 0trsK;d om;tzG@J csKyftm; ud,f f kd J G k f k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (2110) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (35 5) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? 1941 ckEp/f =o*kwv (26) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;q&mav;.om; jzpfonf? [dye;f rd / hJ S f G kk
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aemifpaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pde0if;onf arG;csi;f (9) OD;teuf t}uD;qH;k jzpf+yD;/ 1950 jynfEprS kH f hSf 1958 ckEptxd rE av;rd / wdi;f cspausmif;wGif wuUov0ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1965 Sf W k f kd f h ckEprS 1968 ckEptxd ausmif;q&mtjzpf vkyuic+hJ y;D / 1981 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd qDqif rd e,f Sf Sf f kd f Sf Sf kd jynfo@l aumifpD tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0ifjzpfconf? f hJ 12? anmifa&$re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmOD;v_dif (c) OD;xGef;vd_if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmOD;v_if (c) OD;xGe;f v_ionf anmifa&$rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; f d df J 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (11874) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S f hJ k f kH k kf_ (63 73) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;tke;f / trd a':aygw@kd rS 1949 ckEp/f pufwifbmv f hJ S (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a&vnf&yf/ [J,m;&Gmr tif;av;Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;v_if (c) OD;xGe;f v_ionf G h d df [J,m;&Gmr tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ awmif}u;D rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2) wd@k wif G tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h yD; wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifconf? 1973 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf (2)/ kd f hJ S f G kd r*Fvm'HrS q&m0efb@G &&Sconf? xkEpwif tdraxmifycJonf? 1976 ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd &GmiH k J d hJ dSf G f h Sf Sf vufaxmufq&m0ef/ rd e,fq&m0ef/ 1979 ckEprS 1980 jynfEp/f ZGevtxd yk'r 5 (n) ESihf 10 Sf hS f f (u) wk@kd jzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1984 ckEpwif &mxl;rS&yfpcc&onf? ,cktcg [J,m;&Gmr/ hJ Sf G J H hJ a&vnf&yfuuwiaeonf? G f Gf 13? anmifa&$re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;tkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f armifonf anmifa&$rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (2900) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (52 02) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? anmifa&$rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;u,/f trd a': jr[efw@dk rS 1947 ckEp/f Zlviv hJ G S kd f (20) &ufae@wif arG;cJonf? OD;tke;f armifonf 1965 ckEpwif awmif}u;D rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; G h Sf G trSwf (6) rS q,fwef;atmifjrifconf? awmif}u;D aumvdyrS lyaA't"dujzifh 'kw,ESpwif ausmif; hJ f d f G xGuonf? 1971 ckEpwif a':cifoef;EG@J Eivufxyfconf? 1981 ckEpwif tvkyrxuconf? f S f G S hf hJ S f G f S G f hJ anmifa&$rde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? kd G f hJ 14? awmif}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmcifonf awmif}u;D rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (23958) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 60) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rd;k ni;f rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;!Ge@f / trdd a':pdewifw@kd rS 1939 ckEp/f arv hJ f S (5) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ausmcifonf odyb@GJ &&Sconf? ukeo,a&; (1) ESihf zm;uef@ausmuf G h f H` d hJ f G f pdr;f wGi;f wk@d wif vkyuiconf? 1972 ckEpwif awmif}u;D rd od@k ajymif;a&$aexkiconf? 1977 ckEpwif G f kd f hJ Sf G d f hJ Sf G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a':cifte;f jrifEivufxyfconf? awmif}u;D rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;r;/ jynfe,f k h S hf hJ kd A[dO;D pD;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1996 ckEpwif e0wrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D / 1996 ckEp/f =o*kwv k G f hJ Sf G S f (15) &ufae@wif tif;pdef rd e,fw&m;H;k rS 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) jzifh G hS H_ f axmif'%f (7) ESp/f 1985 ckEp/f kyjf rifo=H um;ESiA',tufOya' yk'r (40) jzifh axmif'%f (3) ESp/f S hf D D kd f pkpaygi;f axmif'%f (10) ESpf jypf'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&&mrS 2005 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (3) &ufae@wif o&ufrd k S hJ S D G tusO;f axmifrS jyefvnfvwajrmufonf? 2005 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (25) &ufae@wif wzef awmif}u;D G f S D G rd aetdrrS xyfrzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? awmif}u;D wuUovwif 2005 ckEp/f Zefe0g&vrSpI f H hJ kd f G S D oH;k v=umyvkyconfh Oya'oifwef;wcko@kd wufa&mufaepOf oifwef;olwOD;tm; a':atmifqef;pk f hJ =unf&&Sconfh qkrsm;pm&if;pm&Guay;cJonftwGuf zrf;qD;cHc&jcif;jzpf+y;D tqdygausmif;olu,wirS d hJ f h h hJ k kd f kd f rdrtm; oabmd;k jzifay;cJjh cif;jzpf+yD; oifwef;umvtwGi;f OD;ausmcifrS rnfonfEiia&;pnf;H;k r_rS d h f h kd f H rycJa=umif; w&m;H;k wGixuqcaomfvnf; 2005 ckEp/f {+yv (8) &ufae@wif awmif}u;D cdiw&m;H;k h f G f kd hJ S D G kf rS 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (n) jzifh jypf'%f (7)ESp/f yHEyOya' yk'r 17 (1) jzifh hS H_ f k dS f f jypf'%f (7) ESp/f pkpaygi;f jypf'%f (14)ESpf tjypfay;jcif;cHc&onf? k hJ 15? awmif}uD;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? cGefazaxG; (c) cGef&wema[mif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? cGeazaxG; (c) cGe&wema[mifonf awmif}u;D rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om; f f J 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16886) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ (66 73) jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;ausmif;rmvm.om; jzpfonf? 1949 ckESpf/ atmufwbmv (26) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? cGeazaxG; (c) cGe&wema[mifonf odyH` (opfawm) kd G f f bJ@G ukd 1973-74 ckEpwif &&Sconf? i,fpOfuyif orxusipOfuavhvmvkupm;cJI tEN,/ wdbuf/ S f G d hJ hf dk d f h d w&kw/f *syefEifh ax&0g'Ak'usipOfw@dk ukd tm;xkwonf? jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfygw0if S < hf f kd S f h D jzpfcz;l onf? ytk@d 0trsK;d om;zG@H z;d wd;k wufa&;tzG@J wif wGzuftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;/ awmif}u;D rd e,f hJ f G J trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0efw@kd ,conf? 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@wif kd l hJ S G jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? $ f kd f f f G f hJ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1422) (1360 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvqef; 5 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 22 &uf) ? cGeazaxG; (c) cGe&wema[miftm; &Sr;f jynfe,f/ awmif}u;D re,f/ jynfo@l f f v$wawmfrqENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G; f J $ f kd f f aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? H f G fG
ta=umif;t&m?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &Sr;f jynfe,f/ awmif}u;D D kH D kd JG G kd rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G; $ f J $ f kd f f aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol cGeazaxG; (c) cGe&wema[mifu rdronf ygwEiia&;udk pdw0ifpm;r_ H f f d D kd f H f r&Sawmhojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS d d $ f kd f f H Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f G fG f h 2? txufyg cGeazaxG; (c) cGe&wema[mif.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmf f f f f $ f a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD cGeazaxG; (c) cGe&wema[miftm; ,ae@rpI JG f f hf f f S awmif}uD;rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf $ f J $ f kd f f a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? H f G fG k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 16? wef@,ef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cGef}uD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGe}f u;D onf wef@,ef;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf J k kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (1865) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 68) j zifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;cGepe/f trd a':Edi;f wd@k rS 1930 jynfEp/f arv (12) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh hJ fd k hS G onf? OD;cGe}f u;D onf 1950-51 ckEpwif vm;_;d rd tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;rS (7) wef; atmifjrifchJ Sf G onf? 1952 ckEpwif ausmif;xGuI vm;_;d rd tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;wGif vufaxmufausmif;q&m Sf G f 0ifvyconf? xdrS rdi;f &,frd od@k ajymif;a&$cJonf? 1953-54 ckEpwif awmif}u;D rd q&mtwwfoif k f hJ k k h Sf G ausmif;od@k wufa&mufc+hJ yD;aemuf ausmif;q&mtjzpf wef@,ef;rde,f/ cdi;f ywfaus;&Gmod@k ajymif;a&$ k vkyuiconf? ausmif;q&mtjzpfrS tem;,lc+hJ y;D aemufwif awmif,mvkyief;vkyuiconf? f kd f hJ G f f kd f hJ 17? wef@,ef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;qm (c) pdkif;xGef;0if;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f qm (c) pdi;f xGe;f 0if;onf wef@,ef;rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om; k J k rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (2322) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f kd k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ (48 78) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;cef;&Gu/f trd a':eef;vGww@kd rS 1947 ckEpwif f hJ f Sf G arG;zGm;cJonf? p,f[aus;&Gmtkyp/k uwfawmifaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;pdi;f xGe;f 0if;onf 1957 h D f k ckEprS 1962 ckEptxd vm;_;d rd wGif rlvwef;/ 1963 ckEprS 1967 ckEptxd wef@,ef;rd tpd;k &txuf Sf Sf Sf Sf wef;ausmif;/ 1967 ckEpwif wef;jrifausmif;xGupmar;yGatmifjrifI 1968 ckEprS 1970 jynfEptxd Sf G h f J Sf hSf awmif}u;D rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (6) wufa&mufc+hJ y;D tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGJ atmifjrifconf? 1970 jynfEpwif awmif}u;D aumvdyo@kd wufa&mufc+hJ y;D / 1972 ckEpwif rE av; hJ hSf G f Sf G W 0dZmESioywuUovrS ordi;f bmomt"du jzifh 0dZmbG@J &&Sconf? 1974 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd rd e,f hf d H` kd f k d hJ Sf Sf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aumifp0if/ 1978 ckEprS 1991 ckEptxd wef@,ef;rd e,f w&m;ol}u;D tzG@J 0if/ 1981 ckEprS 1988 D Sf Sf Sf ckEptxd wef@,ef;rd e,fjynfo@l aumifptvkytr_aqmiftjzpf aqmif&uconf? xd@k aemuf v,f,m Sf D f G f hJ vkyief;vkyuionf? f f kd f 18? wmcsvwf re,frqENe,f? D d J OD;pGHqdkif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pGeqi;f onf wmcsvwf rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI f kd D d J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (8901) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 91) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;pHcuf/ trd a':eef;v#Kd ;wd@k rS 1960 jynfEp/f Zefe0g&v (4) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ hS D G h OD;pGqi;f onf 1965 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd wmcsvwf rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wGif H kd Sf Sf D d ynmoif=um;cJ&m &Spwef;atmifjrifconf? 1979 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd rdbESitwl pD;yGm;a&;vkyief; h f hJ Sf Sf hf f vkyuiconf? 1989 ckEpwif tdraxmifusonf? f kd f hJ Sf G f 19? erfhpefre,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;wif0if; (c) OD;wif0if;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdi;f wif0if; (c) OD;wif0if;onf erfpefrd e,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pD k h J G k kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (3752) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (38 54) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? vdKG ifvifrd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;jr=unf.om; jzpfonf? 1943 ckEp/f f hJ S 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;pdi;f wif0if; (c) OD;wif0if;onf 1962-63 ckEpwif vdKG ifvif G k Sf G rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS ausmif;xGuvufrw&pmar;yGatmifjrifconf? 1963-64 ckEpwif f S f J hJ Sf G opfvyief;vkyuiconf? 1974 ckEpwif erfqefrd e,fjynfo@l aumifpD twGi;f a&;r;/ 1981 ckEpwif kf f kd f hJ Sf G h Sf G erfqefrd e,fjynfo@l aumifpwzG@J v;kH ta&;,lcc&ojzifh aumifp0iftjzpfrS &yfem;cJonf? 1981 ckEpf h D H hJ D h S rSpI pduysK;d arG;jrLa&;vkyief;vkyuiconf? k f f f kd f hJ 20? erfhqefre,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;ausmf/ wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f ausmonf erfqefrd e,frqENe,fwif wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f h J G kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (6095) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (63 93) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;tdupif/ trd a':vSw@kd rS 1949 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wif hJ k f S G arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;xGe;f ausmonf 1974 ckEpwif rE av;pduysK;d a&;wuUovrS pduysK;d a&;ynmbG@J h f Sf G W k f kd f k f &&Sconf? 1978 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd tcseyi;f rd e,faumifp0if/ rd e,for0g,r twGi;f a&;r;/ d hJ Sf Sf d f kd D rd e,fawmifov,form;tpnf;tH;k 'kw,OuU/ wtmif; (yavmif) vlrsK;d wd@k .pmay jyefvnfazmf l d xkwa&;udk aqmif&uconf? wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif A[daumfrwD0ifEihf f G f hJ kd G k S rd e,fpnf;aumfrwD OuUtjzpf wm0ef,conf? 2005 ckEpwif &efuewi;f / arSmbD rd e,f anmifEpyif l hJ Sf G k f kd f Sf pcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufywia&G;cs,cxm;&aom ud,pm;vS,f JG G f fH k f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f rsm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,tjzpf yg0ifwufa&mufconf? ~ k f f hJ 21? erfhcrf;re,frJqENe,f? cGefomat; (c) aq[Hkrkef;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) cGeomat; (c) aq[Hre;f onf erfcrf;rde,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pD f kk h J G k kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (20190) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 54) k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? odEDM rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;0[m0rf;/ trd a':crfqmwd@k rS 1935 f hJ ckEp/f arv (13) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? cGeomat;onf wuUov0ifwef; txdynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / S G h f kd f 1959 ckEpwif rE av;&Joywif 'k&tyoifwef;wufa&mufconf? 1960 jynfEprS 1985 ckEptxd Sf G W d H` G J k f hJ hSf Sf 'k&ty/f &Jtytjzpfjzifh vm;d;_ ESierfcrf;wd@k wif wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1972 ckEpwif e-v-u J k kf hf h G hJ Sf G twGi;f a&;r;/ 1974 ckEprS 1984 ckEptxd rd e,fjynfo@l aumifpD OuU/ 1985 ckEpwif use;f rma&; Sf Sf Sf G a=umifh &Jtytqifjh zifh t+idr;f pm;,lconf? Ediiawmf&tr_xrf;wHqyf cs;D jrijhf cif;cHc&onf? 1988 kf hJ kfH J d hJ ckEpwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf zG@J pnf;wnfaxmif&mwGif A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0if Sf G k kd k f wOD;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? if;. jynfol@tusKd;o,fydk;r_rsm;twGuf rlq,fpmayESifh,Ofaus;r_ aumfrwDrS 2004 ckEpwif aqcefzqk cs;D jriconf? &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif 'kw, Sf G hf hJ k kd G d OuUtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 2005 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (22) &ufae@ eHeufyi;f wGif erfcrf;rd S D kd h aetdrY uG,veonf? f f Gf 22? aemifcsdKre,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;atmif (c) OD;xGef;xGef;[def;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f atmif (c) OD;xGe;f xGe;f [de;f onf aemifcsKd rde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD J G kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (18886) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (56 99) k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;=um[de;f / trd a': jrcifw@dk rS 1949 ckEp/f {+yDv (30) f hJ S &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? jyifO;D vGif rd e,f/ ZD;yif}u;D aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;xGe;f xGe;f [de;f onf 1954 G h ckEpwif ausmufrJ rd trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1966 ckEpwif ausmif;xGuf Sf G Sf G vufrSwf&pmar;yJGESifh 1968 ckESpfwGif ausmufrJrdtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / 1972 ckEpwif rE av;0dZmESioywuUovrS odyb@GJ (owWaA') &&Sconf? 1973 Sf G W hf d H` kd f H` d hJ ckEpwif a':pdepeor;f ESivufxyfconf? 1973-74 ckEpwif e,fpyfa'o uGr;f vHk rd Y rdbq&mcef@ Sf G f d f d hf hJ Sf G txufwef;jyq&m/ 1975 ckEpwif txufwef;a&Saepmar;yGJ atmifjrifconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 Sf G hJ hS ckEp)/ jynfo@l ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif aemifcsKd rd e,f taxGaxGoydwuyuraumfrwD OuU/ 1988 ckEp/f Sf f Gf J_ S pufwifbmvwGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? aemifcsKd rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf wm0efcH hJ kd tjzpf aqmif&uconf? G f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 23? erRwlre,frJqENe,f? a':arz;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) a':arzd;onf erRwlrde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (9782) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 84)jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;z;d (jrefrm) ESihf trd a':&Guw@kd rS 1927 ckEp/f arv (5) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ f S G h a':arz;d onf 0dZmbJ@G &cJonf? ausmif;q&mrtjzpf (22)ESp/f trSwf (1) owKwl;azmfa&;aumfya&;&Si;f h kd wGif (19) ESp/f tkycsKyfa&;&m0efxrf; ('k) tjzpfrS oufjynfyifpif,conf? 1978 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd f h l hJ Sf Sf rde,fjynfo@l aumifp0if (tcseyi;f )/ vlra&;&maumfrwD twGi;f a&;r;/ rde,fpmayvkyom;tzJ@G D d f kd _ f twGi;f a&;r;/ omoemhwuUovjf zpfajrmufa&; rd e,fOyXmutzJ@G 0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1999 kd G f hJ ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (1) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? 2002 S D G $ f kd f f f G f hJ ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (4) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? S k G f Gf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1436) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 1 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 1 &uf) ? a':arz;tm; &Sr;f jynfe,f/ erRwl re,f/ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS jynfo@l $ f J v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwf f kd f f H xGucihf yjcif;? fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &Sr;f jynfe,f/ erRwl rd e,f D kH D kd JG G kd jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf $ f J $ f kd f f cHxm;&ol a':arzd;u rdronf ,cktcguse;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; d $ f kd f vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf T f H f G fG aumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg a':arz;d .wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r f f $ f JG f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD a':arz;d tm; ,ae@rpI erRwl rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS jynfo@l f hf S $ f J v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvdua=umif; f kd f f H f G fG k f a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; ta=umif;t&m?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a':arz; (78)ESpf o-w-u (t+idrf;pm;) erRwlr erRwl rd / yef[u&yfuuf (4)/ ,kZevrf;/ trSw f (5)ae OD;xGe;f cif. ZeD;/ OD;wifarmifaomif;kd f G a':eef;+idr;f vS/ OD;aZ,s-a':=unf=unfaX;/ a':cifa&$/ OD;pd;k vSp-a':cifxm;/ OD;pHvif;-a':,Of,Ofar/ f OD;oef@Zif-a': ararat;/ OD;tHb,-a':aomif;jrifw@kd . rdcif/ ajr; (16) a,mufw@kd . tbGm;onf h G f h (4-11-2002) &ufwif erRwl rd aetdrY uG,veI (6-11-2002) &uf nae (3) em&Dwif yef[uf G f f Gf G kd okomefwif rD;o* [+f y;D pD;yga=umif;? G usef&pfolrdom;pk 24? yif;w,re,frqENe,f? J OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifoef;onf yif;w,rde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (11062) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 36) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;=u,fajymif/ trd a':wifw@dk rS 1942 ckEp/f rwfv (9) &ufae@wif hJ S G arG;zGm;cJonf? yif;w,rd e,f/ opft,fyifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmifoef;onf 1952 ckEpwif h Sf G opft,fyifaus;&GmY rlvwef;ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1956 ckEpwif trwef;udk awmif}u;D rd / wki;f &if; Sf G d om;c&pf,meftxufwef;ausmif;rS vnf;aumif;/ 1960 jynfEpwif yif;w,rd wGbuf txufwef; hSf G J ausmif;rS (10) wef;udk (c) tqifjh zifvnf;aumif; atmifjrifconf? 1963 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd h hJ Sf Sf qufo,a&;aumfya&;&Si;f pma&;0efxrf;/ 1974 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? G f kd Sf G d hJ 25? yifavmif;rde,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armif}uD;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;armif}uD;onf yifavmif;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif jynfaxmifpk ytd@k 0trsK;d om; J f tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (2761) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 55) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;cHcJh&onf? yifavmif;rde,f/ wDuspfaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? 1937 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&v (28) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;uau.om; jzpfonf? OD;armif}u;D onf awmif}u;D rd / ya' D G o&mZf ta&Sausmif;/ [J,m;&Gmr/ tif;av;/ uavm/ rE av;/ &efuew@kd wif ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD;/ W kf G &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZmbGJ@&&SdcJhonf? wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif ytdk0fhausmif;om;or*~ 'kwd,OuU/ yifavmif;rde,fygwD,lepfHk;wGif Hk;tkyf (3) ESpfvkyfcJhbl;onf? 1974 ckESpfwGif yifavmif;v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,/f ud,yivufzufjcvyief; vkyuionf? f k f k f kd f H kf f kd f 26? yifavmif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;p0fomwif/h &Sr;wdi;&if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,ve) f kf kd f G f OD;p0fomwifonf yifavmif;rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pD h J k kd
Teacher May
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (937) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (71 97) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz yifavmif;apmfbm;}uD;p0fcrf;csKyf/ trd r[ma'0Dp0fjrppfw@kd rS f hJ G 1934 ckEp/f rwfv (23) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? 1957-58 ckEpwif q,fwef;atmifjrifconf? S G G h Sf G hJ 1964 ckEprpI &yf&mwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifconf? yduwfbmomjyef A[daumfrwD/ rde,f SfS G hJ k aumifp0iftjzpf xrf;aqmifconf? &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[kO;D pD;tr_aqmiftzG@J wif D hJ d dk d G 'kOuU (3) tjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (26) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? G f hJ hS G f Gf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (900) (1352 ckESpf/ oDwif;u|wfvjynfhausmf 2 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv 5 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? uG,vetedpa&mufconfh jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,tjzpfa&G;aumuf f Gf P hJ $ f k f f wifajrmufcHxm;&olOD;p0fomwifhtm; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G; aumufwifajrmufcxm;&olpm&if;rS y,fzsujf cif;? H ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif &Sr;f jynfe,f yifavmif;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf D kH D kd JG G $ f rJqEN e,ftrSw(2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;p0f f $ f kd f f H omwifonf 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (26) &ufae@wif uG,vetedpa&mufconftwGuf OD;p0f h hS G f Gf P hJ h omwiftm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&olpm&if;rS y,fzsuf h $ f kd f f H vduyga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; 27? z,fcHkre,frJqENe,f? cGef;rm;&fudkbef/ u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? cGe;f rm;&fubefonf z,fckH rde,frqENe,fwif u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;'Drkd kd J G G f ua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (12536) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (76 89) jzifh f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz zl;cGe;f usm/ trd yD;rlaomif;wd@k rS 1941 ckEp/f pufwifbmv f hJ S (23) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? u,m;jynf/ rd;k +Ae,f/ vG,,if;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? cGe;f rm;&fubefonf G h J f kd 1964-65 ckEpwif wef;jrifausmif;xGuatmifjrifc+hJ y;D aemuf ausmif;rSxuconf? 1965 ckEprS 1970 Sf G h f G f hJ Sf jynfEptxd ukeo,a&;Xme/ 1971 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd rd e,ftycsKyfa&;Xmewd@k wif tr_xrf;cJh hSf f G f Sf Sf kf G onf? 1982 ckEprpI v,f,mjcHvyief;vkyuiconf? u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&; SfS kf f kd f hJ G f 'Drua&pDtzG@J (A[d) wGif 'kw,OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (11) &ufae@wif kd k d G f hJ S G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f e0wrS trde@f trSwf (792) jzifh u,ef; trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; G f kd zsuor;f cJojzifh cGe;f rm;&fubefonf ygwrjhJ zpfom;+y;D woD;yk*vtoGia&muf&om;cJonf? jynfyok@d f d h kd D G ~ f dS G h xGucmcJ+h y;D 1995 ckEp/f Zlviv (21) &ufae@wif qG'ifEii/H AGerm;pApfwif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH fG S kd f G D kd f f G kf trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onftcg zuf'&,fa&;&m0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; h cHcJh&onf? 28? rdk;eJre,frJqENe,f? OD;cGefyGifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGeyionf rd;k eJrd e,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI f G hf J G k kd f k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (3145) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 86) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? OD;&Gu0if.om; jzpfonf? 1923 ckEp/f ZGev (18) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? uGe[e;f rd e,f/ hJ f S f G f d usKd i;f vGe;f aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;cGeyionf rd;k eJtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif owWrwef;atmifjrif f G hf onftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1948 ckEpwif tdraxmifycJonf? 1958 ckEptxd ukeonf h S f G f h S f f vkyief;vkyuicI 1959 ckEpwif zciftem;,lonftcg zcifae&m usKi;f vGe;f rdpm;tjzpf 1962 f f kd f hJ Sf G h d ckEptxd aqmif&uconf? 1974 ckEprS 1981 ckEptxd &yfuujf ynfo@l aumifpD OuU/ 1982 ckEpwif Sf G f hJ Sf Sf G Sf G ud,yiqefpufvyief; vkyuiconf? k f kd f kf f kd f hJ 29? armufr,fre,frqENe,f? J pdkif;tGwf (c) pdkif;wifatmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdi;f tGwf (c) pdi;f wifatmifonf armufr,frde,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drkd k k J G k ua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (2626) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (86 84) f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;oef;.om; jzpfonf? 1958 ckEpzm; jzpfonf? pdi;f tGwf (c) f hJ SfG k pdi;f wifatmifonf &efuewuUovrS odyH` (lyaA') bG@J &&Sconf? 1985 ckEpwif qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme k kf kd f d hJ Sf G armufr,frd wGif tvky=f uyftjzpf wESpvyuiconf? xd@k aemuf tvkyrxuI ud,yijf cvyief; f k f kd f hJ f S G f k f kd H k f vkyuiconf? f kd f hJ 30? rdi;yefre,frqENe,f? kf J OD;pdkif;rdk;=unf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdi;f rd;k =unfonf rdi;f yefrde,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; k k J G k kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (2519) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (83 77) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;ausmif;!Ge@f / trd a':pef;yGiw@kd rS 1953 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (6) &ufae@wif hJ hf S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? om;orD; (15) OD;wGif (11) a,mufajrmufom; jzpfonf? 1941 ckEpwif rdi;f yeftpd;k & h Sf G k txufwef;ausmif;/ 1951 ckEpwif awmif}u;D rd c&pf,meftxufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif ynmoif=um; Sf G G cJonf? 1953 ckEpwif wyfrawmfo@kd 0ifconf? trSwf (2) ppfaxmufvr;f a&;wyf/ trSwf (6)/ trSwf h Sf G hJ S (3) axmufvr;f a&;wyfw@kd rwqifh trSwf (2) axmufvr;f a&;/ awmif}u;D cv& (41) wd@k wif wm0ef S S S G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f xrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / 1966 ckEpwif wyf=uyf}u;D tqifjh zifh t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 1973 ckEpwif rdi;f yefrd r Sf G d hJ Sf G k vHk ca&;ESihf tkycsKyfraumfrwD OuU/ 1974 ckEprS 1977 ckEptxd rd e,faumifpD OuU/ 1979 ckEpwif H f _ Sf Sf Sf G rdi;f yefrd e,f ygw,epfaumfrwD0if/ tvkyorm;OuUwm0efrsm;,lc+hJ y;D / 1982 ckEpwif jrefrmhq&,f k D l f Sf G kd S vpfvrf;pOfygwrS E_wxuconf? D f G f hJ 31? rdkif;udkifre,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;tGrf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;tGrfonf rdkif;udkifrde,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (12012) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (88 69) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rdi;f udif rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;cef;aqmeENm/ trd a':pef;pdew@kd rS 1955 hJ k k f ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (23) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;pdi;f tGronf 1980 jynfEpwif rE av;0dZmESihf S D G h k f hSf G W odywuUovrS odyH` (kuaA') bG@J &&Sconf? 1981 ckEpwif tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ rdi;f uditpd;k & H` kd f Q d hJ Sf G k kf txufwef;ausmif;/ 1982 ckEpwif y&aq;ukeonf/ 1983 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd twGi;f a&;r;/ Sf G f Sf Sf 'kw,OuU/ v-v-o-o/ 1984 ckEpwif a':eef;crf;&GuEihf vufxyfconf? 1981 ckEprS 1988 d Sf G fS hJ Sf ckEptxd a*gyutzG@J / bmxde;f / twGi;f a&;r;/ rd e,f&r;f pmay,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD twGi;f a&;r;/ Sf S &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rd e,ftwGi;f a&;r;tjzpfaqmif&uconf? k kd G G f hJ 32? rdi;&SL;re,frqENe,f? kf J OD;pdkif;0if;az (c) 0if;az/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdi;f 0if;az (c) 0if;azonf rdi;f &SL;rde,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pD k k J G k kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (5523) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 25) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; cHc&onf? tz OD;pHyi/hf trd a':ESi;f &Dw@kd rS 1957 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (4) &uf f hJ G S Sf G ae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;pdi;f 0if;az (Sai Win Pay) onf 1962 ckEpwif awmif}u;D rd / a&at;uGi;f &yf&dS G h k a': }u;D -a':i,f tvGwynmoifausmif;Yynmoif=um;cJI (7) wef;wGif tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; f h trSwf (2)/ 1978 ckEpwif (10) wef;pmar;yGukd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (6) rS atmifjrifchJ Sf G J onf? 1978 ckEprS 1980 jynfEptxd awmif}u;D a'oaumvdyo@kd wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / Sf hSf f 'kw,ESpwif H;k vkyief;'Dyvdrm&onf? 1980 jynfEprS 1983 ckEptxd rE av;0dZmESioywuUovo@kd d f G f k hSf Sf W hf d H` kd f wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 0dZm (pdwynm) bG@J &&Sconf? rE av;wuUovwif ynmoif=um; f d hJ W kd f G aepOf &Sr;f pmay rig;vH;k oifwef;q&mtjzpf yJc;l wdi;f / awmifil rde,f/ Z&yf}uD;&GmwGif (2) }udrf k vkytm;ay;cJonf? 1988 ckEpwif txufwef;a&Saepmar;yGukd jrefrm"avhx;kH wrf;Oya'*k%x;l jzifh f h Sf G J f atmifjrifconf? &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif awmif}uD;XmecG/J qufo,jf yef=um;a&; hJ k kd G G r;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ rwfv (23) &ufae@wGif Nang Tin Tin Kham ESifh vufxyfconf? ,ck tar&duefjynfaxmifpwif aexkionf? hJ k G df
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 33? rdkif;&,fre,frJqENe,f? OD;vS'if/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vS'ifonf rdkif;&,frde,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (3472) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (79 18) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1919 ckEp/f rwfv (15) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;p.om; jzpfonf? OD;vS'ifonf hJ S G rdi;f vHtpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifconf? 1936 ckEprS 1952 ckEptxd oDayge,f k k hJ Sf Sf apmfbm;.&JtzG@J wif &Jwyfom;rS pcef;r;txd wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1952 ckEpwif tvkyrxuf G G hJ Sf G fS G cJ+h yD; rdi;f vHwif tcsKaomufvufzufajcmufvyief;vkyuic&m 1958 ckEptxd jzpfonf? 1958 k k G d kf f kd f hJ Sf ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd &Sr;f jynfo@l &tzG@J wif jyefvnf0ifa&mufvyuic+hJ y;D &JtyrS pcef;r;txd wm0ef Sf Sf J G k f kd f kf xrf;aqmifconf? 1979 ckEpwif oufjynfyifpif,conf? hJ Sf G h l hJ 34? rlq,fre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdkif;vSaz/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdi;f vSazonf rlq,frd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k J k kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (14603) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (91 45) jzifh k f S f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? rlq,frd e,f/ awmf&uaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;qdicrf;[de;f / f hJ G f kf trd a':qG@J crf;wd@k rS 1953 ckEp/f =o*kwv (28) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;pdi;f vSazonf rlq,ftpd;k & S f G h k txufwef;ausmif;/ vm;d;_ rd / tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (3) wd@k wif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / tajccH G ynmtxufwef;udk (c) tqifjh zifh atmifjrifconf? 1975 ckEpwif yefcef;aus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef; hJ Sf G ausmif; ausmif;q&m/ 1978 ckEprS 1980 jynfEptxd rlq,frd e,for0g,rOD;pD;Xme 'k-toif;pkr; / Sf hSf xd@k aemuf v,f,mvkyief;vkyuiconf? 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif f f kd f hJ hS D kH D kd JG G wEdiiv;kH twdi;f twmjzifh cdivr&mcdiEe;f trsm;qH;k &&Sojl zpfonf? kfH k k f kH J k f _ d 35? rlq,fre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdkif;armifav;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdi;f armifav;onf rlq,frd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pD k J k kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (4500) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (52 59) jzifh k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':rdi;f crf;wd@k rS 1947 ckEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif f hJ k S G arG;zGm;cJonf? ausmufrJ rd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;pdi;f armifav;onf rlq,frd tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;ESihf h k vm;d;_ rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wd@k wif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h yD;/ 1972 ckEpwif G Sf G rE Wav;0dZmESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H (kuQaA') bGJ@&&SdcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd rlq,frd e,for0g,rOD;pD;Xme pma&;0efxrf;/ 1976 ckEprS 1984 ckEptxd rd e,for0g,rtoif; Sf Sf twGi;f a&;r; (oH;k }ur)/ 'kw,OuU (1) (ESp}f ur)/ 1984 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd rd e,fw&m;ol}u;D df d df Sf Sf tzG@J 0if/ xd@k aemuf ukeonfvyief;vkyuionf? f kf f kd f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 36? rdk;rdwfre,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmtkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) a'guwmOD;tke;f armifonf rd;k rdwf rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f f J G kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (8203) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (47 55) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? rbde;f rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;armif}u;D / trd a':cif,w@kd rS 1932 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v hJ kH S D (28) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmOD;tke;f armifonf 1960 jynfEpwif &efueaq;wuUovrS G h f hSf G kf kd f aq;odyb@JG (trfbbtufp) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1963 ckEpwif t*FvefEiio@kd cJpwryg&*lb@GJ ,&ef oGm; H` D D f d hJ Sf G kd f H G d f _ l a&mufc+hJ y;D / 1965 ckEpwif yg&*lb@GJ ukd yxrtqifjh zifh atmifjrifconf? 1968 ckEpwif 'kw,yki;f Sf G hJ Sf G d d ajzqk&ef tD'ifbm&mrd ok@d toGm; vrf;wGium;arSmufI atmufyi;f aocJonf? t*Fvefwif (1) ESpf d f kd h G aq;ukocJ+h y;D 1970 jynfEpwif jrefrmEdiio@kd jyefvnfa&muf&vmcJonf? 1970 jynfEprS 1978 ckEpf hSf G kfH dS h hSf S txd q&m0ef/ rd;k ukwf rd jynfo@l aq;H/k 1978 ckEpwif roefrpGr;f yifpif,conf? bde;f jzLtE &m,fwm; Sf G l hJ W qD;umuG,a&;wGif aq;pGovi,f (120) udk pepfwusuoay;cJonf? 1979 ckEpwif u|eawmfh f J l l k h Sf G f om;}u;D / aorif;ESihf ppfcif;olpmtkyjf zifh trsK;d om;pmayqk &&Sconf? d hJ 37? rbdrf;re,frJqENe,f? OD;cspfcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspfcifonf rbdrf;rde,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (8767) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (83 38) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf jcif;cHchJ S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f &onf? rbdr;f rd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;boG,.om; jzpfonf? 1940 jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (20) f hS kd &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;cspcifonf 1954 ckEprS 1966 ckEptxd rbdr;f rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ G f Sf Sf uomrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJI G kd f h 1972-73 ckEpwif rE av;wuUovrS odyH` (lyaA') bJ@G &&Sconf? 1974 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd Sf G W kd f d hJ Sf Sf rbdr;f rd e,for0g,r twGi;f a&;r;/ 'kw,OuU/ 1989 ckEpwif rbdr;f rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pD d Sf G kd tzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 1996 ckEp/f ZGev (7) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; G l hJ S f G $ f kd f vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? f f G f hJ 38? rdkif;ysif;re,frJqENe,f? OD;',feD&,fatmif/ vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGH@z;wdk;wufa&;ygwD? OD;',feD&,fatmifonf rdkif;ysif;rde,frJqENe,fwGif vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGH@zd;wdk;wufa&; ygwtm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (6407) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 63) jzifh D k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? vm;d;_ rdZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;=um[J/ trd a':em*wd@k rS 1942 f hJ ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;',fe&,fatmifonf erfcsKd atbDtrfausmif; (yef S G h D h ,ef;)/ yef0iatbDtrfausmif; (usKi;f wH)/ &efue/f =unfjh rifwif tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (4) kd f d k k kd wd@k wif tajccHynmtxufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1966 ckEpwi&efuewuUovrS 0dZmbG@J G Sf Gf kf kd f &&Sconf? 1966 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (23) &ufae@rS 1989 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (7) &ufae@txd jrefrmh d hJ S D S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f owif;pOf (EdiijH cm;) vufaxmuft,f'wm/ t,f'wm/ 1976 ckEpwif AD,uferfEihf 1987 ckEpwif kf D D Sf G S Sf G wkwEiio@kd om;a&mufconfh csp=f unfa&;owif;pmud,pm;vS,tzG@J 0if/ vm;[ltrsK;d om;zG@H zd; f kd f H G hJ k f f wd;k wufa&;ygwD (A[d) wGif OuU tjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1992 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (8) &ufae@wif k G f hJ S D G A[dtvkytr_aqmiftajymif;tvJyvkyonftcg em,utjzpf aqmif&uconf? e0w rS usi;f y k f f h G f hJ onfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd 1993 ckEp/f Zefe0g&vrS 1994 ckEp/f {+yvtxd yg0ifwufa&mufconf? S D S D hJ tqdyg trsK;d om;nDvmcHwif vGwvyfpmaqG;aEG;wifjyt=uHycGi&onf[k e0w. ausnmcsuf k G f G hf dS tm;,H=k unfI yg0ifwufa&mufcjhJ cif;jzpfaomfvnf; wESpausm=f umumvtwGi;f vufawG@tm;jzifh f e0wrS trsK;d om;nDvmcHucw;kH vkyum if;wd@k ppftm%m&Sipepfwnfwci+f ra&;twGuf yvkyaejcif; kd k f f hH kd J f jzpfa=umif;/ trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd qufIrwufoifa=umif; ,H=k unfojzifh 1994 ckEp/f {+yv (12) h S D &ufae@wif vGwajrmufe,fajr rme,fyavmod@k xucmvmcJonf? 1995 ckEpf ESpqef;ydi;f wGif rme,f G f G fG h S f k yavm &efo@l vufo@kd usojzifh xdi;f Edii&dS =opawvso;kH rSwqifh =opa=w;vsEiio@kd xucmcJ+h yD;/ k kfH H kd f H G fG ,cktcg e,l;aqmufa0;jynfe,f.rd awmf qpf'eDwif rdom;pkEitwl aexdiv#u&onf? G S hf k f f dS 39? rdkif;,ef;re,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;EGHwpf (yf)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdi;f EGwpf (yf) onf rki;f ,ef;rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI k H d J G kd f k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (803) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (52 21) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f hJ 1961 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (23) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;apmatmif.om; jzpfonf? OD;pdi;f EGwpf (yf) S kd G k H onf 1968 ckEprS 1977 ckEptxd oli,fwef;rSpI owWrwef;txd rki;f ,ef;tpd;k &tv,fwef; Sf Sf d ausmif;/ 1978 ckEpwif owWrwef;atmifjrifI 1981 ckEpwif usKd if;wHtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ok@d Sf G Sf G k ajymif;a&$+y;D (8) wef;rS (10) wef;txd ynmoif,conf? 1982 ckEpwif ausmif;rSxuI rdi;f ,ef;rd / l hJ Sf G G f k aps;wef;&yfae reef;qdiEihf tdraxmifus+y;D pufcsKyftwwfynmjzifh toufarG;cJonf? kfS f h 40? rdkif;cwfre,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;&SJefavG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdi;f &SeavGonf rki;f cwfrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI k Jf d J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (1283) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 31) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f hJ onf? rdi;f ,ef;rd e,f/ rdi;f avGZmwdjzpfonf? 1942 ckEp/f rwfv (10) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;&Sepicrf;. k k S G d f kd f om; jzpfonf? OD;pdi;f &SeavGonf 1962 ckEpwif wef;jrifausmif;xGuvufrw&pmar;yGatmifjrifchJ k Jf Sf G h f S f J onf? 1978 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd usKi;f wHk rd e,for0g,r twGi;f a&;r; (1)/ r@d e,fjynfo@l aumifpD Sf Sf d tcseyi;f / rki;f cwfrd e,f ygw,epfaumfrwD0if/ rdi;f cwfrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k d f dk d D l k kd G a&;r;wm0ef ,lconf? hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 41? rdkif;wHkre,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;ausmfpdef/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pdi;f ausmpeonf rdi;f wHk rde,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; k fdf k J G k kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (2619) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (73 42) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz vH;k ausmif;yE /W trd a':ygvefw@kd .om; jzpfonf? OD;pdi;f ausmpeonf hJ k fdf touf (5) ESpt&G,wif rdi;f wHk rlvwef;ausmif;/ yifvkH rd tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rdi;f wHtv,fwef; f f G k k k ausmif;wd@k wif (8) wef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? v,form;aumifpwif pma&; G h D G 0efxrf;tjzpf (6) ESpwm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / tvkyrEwxuI &yfuuaumifpD OuU/ twGi;f a&;r; f fSk f G f G f wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifconf? 1988 ckEpwif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwrS Ekwxuc+hJ y;D / ud,yif hJ Sf G kd S f D f G f k f kd v,f,mvkyief;vkyuiconf? 1991ckEp/f {+yv (19) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? f f kd f hJ S D G f Gf 42? rdkif;qwfre,frJqENe,f? OD;qef0kef; (c) OD;pdkif;bkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef0e;f (c) OD;pdi;f bke;f jrifonf rki;f qwfrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k k h d J G kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (2845) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 87) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1940 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (9) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? rdi;f qwfrd e,f/ 0de;f ae hJ hS D G k Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;&Sepi;f .om;jzpfonf? OD;qef0e;f (c) OD;pki;f bke;f jrifonf tXrwef;atmifjrif+y;D aemuf J f kfd k d h 1964 ckEprS 1969 ckEptxd 0de;f aetpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ rlvwef;jy/ 1972 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd Sf Sf Sf Sf rdi;f qwfevu tvkytr_aqmif/ 1978 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd jynfe,faumifp0if (tcseyi;f ) tjzpf k f Sf Sf D d f dk aqmif&uconf? G f hJ 43? rdkif;a,mif;re,frJqENe,f? pdkif;xGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pki;f xGe;f atmifonf rki;f a,mif;rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f d d J G kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (2839) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 36) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;apmvH/k trd a':eef;vHw@dk rS 1953 ckEpwif arG;zGm;cJonf? rki;f a,mif; hJ k Sf G h d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmifonf 1971 ckEpwif qXrwef;atmifonftxd rdi;f a,mif;wGif k S f G k ausmif;aecJonf? 1973 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd rd ror0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ xd@k aemuf rdbESitwl h Sf Sf hf v,f,mvkyief; vkyuiconf? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1998 f f kd f hJ D kH D kd JG f ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (8) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (1421) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f S G f $ f kd f tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif;a=unmcJonf? f G f h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1421) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 8 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmiftm; &Sr;f jynfe,f/ rdi;f a,mif;re,f/ jynfo@l vwawmf k k $ f rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH $ f kd f f xm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &Sr;f jynfe,f/ rdi;f a,mif; D kH D kd JG G kd k rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwif $ f J $ f kd f f ajrmufcxm;&ol OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmifu rdronfuse;f rma&;raumif;onftjyif Ediia&;wGivnf; H k d h kfH f pdw0ifpm;r_r&Sawmhygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf f d d $ f kd f f cHxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f G fG f h 2? txufyg OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmif.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' k f f $ f JG yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmiftm; ,ae@rpI rdi;f a,mif;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf f f hf k S k $ f rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm; &oltjzpfrS Ekwxuf $ f kd f f H f G cGihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; 44? rdi;jzwfre,frqENe,f? kf J OD;pdkif;EGJ@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdi;f EJ@G onf rki;f jzwfrde,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI k d J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (1625) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (38 44) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? usKi;f wHk rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;qkiausmuf/ trd a':eef;oef;wd@k rS 1937 ckEp/f =o*kwv hJ d df S f (13) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;pdi;f EG@J onf usKi;f wHaemifa&;tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;rS yrwef; G h k d k atmifjrifconf? 1952 ckEprS 1957 ckEptxd OD;rd;k pmay/ pme,fZif;ud,pm;vS,/f 1960 jynfEpwif hJ Sf Sf k f hSf G a':eef;[kwEihf vufxyfconf? ud,yiqefpufvyief; vkyuionf? fS hJ k f kd f kf f kd f 45? &GmiHre,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifodef;/ jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;atmifoe;f onf &GmiHrde,frqENe,fwif jynfaxmifptrsK;d om;rsm;'Drua&pDygwtm; d J G k kd D
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (7905) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (43 51) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;armifoef;/ trd a':trm&Dw@kd rS 1948 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (30) &ufae@wif hJ S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? xm;0,frd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmifoe;f onf tajccHynmudk xm;0,frd ESihf &efuef rd h d k rsm;wGif oif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1964 ckEpwif awmif}u;D OypmaumvdyY 'kw,ESpoywef;atmifjrifonftxd Sf G f d f d H` ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1966 ckEpwif use;f rma&;r;oifwef;wufa&mufc+hJ y;D &GmiHrd wGif (11) ESp=f um h Sf G use;f rma&;r;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? tvkyrEwxu+f y;D aemufwif &GmiHrd e,f/ riaus;&GmwGif hJ fSk f G G df pduysK;d a&;vkyief; vkyuiaexdiconf? jynfaxmifptrsK;d om;rsm;'Drua&pDygwD (,l-tife-'D-yD) k f f f kd f k f hJ k kd f rS a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cH&onfh wOD;wnf;aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfonf? 2005 ckEpf f $ f kd f S wGif &efuewi;f / arSmbD rd e,f anmifEpyifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G; k f kd f Sf aumufywia&G;cs,cxm;&aomud,pm;vS,rsm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,tjzpf yg0ifwuf JG G f fH k f f ~ k f f a&mufconf? hJ 46? &yfapmufre,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmvS&Sdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmvS&eonf &yfapmufrd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; f dS f J G kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (10851) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (49 2) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? OD;bk;d atmif.om; jzpfonf? 1935 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (17) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? yef;waemf hJ S D G rd e,f/ a&vJ&mZmwd jzpfonf? a'guwmvS&eonf 1954 ckEpwif (10) wef;atmifjrifc+hJ y;D &efueaq; G f dS f Sf G kf wuUovo@kd wufa&mufconf? q&m0efb@GJ r&rD ausmif;q&mxGuIvkyconf? 1966 ckEpwif &efuef kd f hJ f f hJ Sf G k aq;wuUovf (1) rS q&m0efb@JG (trfbbtufp) &&Sconf? use;f rma&;XmewGif (18) ESpf wm0ef kd D D f d hJ xrf;aqmifc+hJ yD;/ tvkyryifpifr,lbJ 1979 ckEpwif Ekwxuconf? xd@k aemuf &yfapmufrdwGif fS Sf G f G f hJ vdarRmjf cHvyief;vkyuiconf? kf f kd f hJ 47? vGKd ifvifre,frqENe,f? J OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf (c) xGef;ausmf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf (c) xGef;ausmfonf vGdKifvifrde,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (6946) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (38 46) kd f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1945 ckEpzm; jzpfonf? OD;ajy.om; jzpfonf? OD;pdi;f xGe;f ausmf f hJ SfG k onf (8)wef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd 0rfpdef aus;&Gmtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif; (rdi;f aemif) ESihf yifvtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif; trSwf (3) wd@k wif rlvwef;jy k kH G ausmif;q&m/ 1972 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd yifv&yfuuf (1) &yfuuvkH ca&;aumifpD twGi;f a&;r;/ Sf Sf kH G G f H OuU/ rd e,faumifp0ifponfjzifh aqmif&uconf? D G f hJ 48? vJcsm;re,frJqENe,f? OD;omxGef;jr/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omxGe;f jronf vJcsm;rd e,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,f J G k kd f k
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f pm; yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (8615) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (80 66) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? rdi;f &,fZmwdjzpfonf? 1938 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;qG. hJ k S G J om;jzpfonf? OD;omxGe;f jronf rdi;f a*gtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ ausmufrtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ k h J awmif}u;D aumvdy/f &efuewuUovw@kd wif Oypm (u) wef; atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh kf kd f G onf? awmif}u;D aumvdyausmif;om;rsm;or*~Eihf &Sr;f jynfausmif;om;rsm;nD!wa&;tzG@J w@kd wif OuU f S G f G tjzpfaqmif&uconf? 1966 ckEpwif tajccHEiia&;oifwef;wufa&mufconf? 1966 ckEprS 1981 G f hJ Sf G kd f H hJ Sf ckEptxd vJcsm;/ rdi;f udi/f rdi;f &SL; rd e,frsm;wGif ygw,epfaumfrwD0if/ twGi;f a&;r;/ OuU/ 1981 Sf k k k D l ckEpwif ynma&;Xmeod@k jyefvnfajymif;a&$vkyuic+hJ y;D / 1986 ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? Sf G f kd f Sf G d hJ 49? vif;ac;re,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmifonf vif;ac;rde,frqENe,fwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k J G k kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (8939) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (84 35) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? vif;ac;rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;vH;k pdi;f vH/k trd a':ygvww@kd rS 1958 ckEp/f hJ k d f S =o*kwv (10) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmifonf vif;ac; tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ f G h k awmif}u;D a'oaumvdy/f &efuewarG;ukoa&;wuUov/f ysO;f rem; a&qif;wdarG;uk wuUovw@kd wif kf d kd kd f G ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ wdarG;uk'DyvdkrmESifh wdarG;ukq&m0efbGJ@&&SdcJhonf? wd&p>mefaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpf vkyuionf? &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rd e,f OuUtjzpf wm0ef,conf? f kd f k kd G l hJ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1619) (1366 ckESpf/ e,kefvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (2004 ckESpf/ ZGefv 5 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmiftm; &Sr;f jynfe,f/ vif;ac;re,fjynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS k $ f J jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS $ f kd f f H Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &Sr;f jynfe,f/ D kH D kd JG G k kd vif;ac; rd e,fjynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumuf $ f J $ f kd f f wifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmifu rdrtm; trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS zdw=f um; H k d f ojzifh 17-5-2004 &ufae@Yusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd wufa&muf&ef &efuef rd od@k 9-5k 2004 &ufae@Y oGm;a&mufca=umif;/ od@k &mwGif 14-5-2004 &ufae@wif &efuefrd Y usi;f yyvkyf hJ G k aom &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;rS trsKd;om;nDvmcHodk@ rwufa&muf&efq;kH jzwfc+hJ y;D 18-5-2004 &ufae@ Y &efuerjS yefvnfxucmcJa=umif;? kf G fG h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2? trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd A[daumfrwDtpnf;ta0;rS rwufa&muf&efq;kH jzwfcjhJ cif;rSm trsK;d om;'Drkd k ua&pDtzG@J csKyf. u;d udiaqmif&ura=umifjh zpfa=umif;od&&ojzifh rdrtaejzifh rsm;pGm0rf;enf; pdwf kf G f_ dS d raumif;jzpf&yga=umif;/ trsK;d om;nDvmcHonf Ediiawmf.tusK;d / jynfow&yfv;kH . tusK;d pD;yGm; kfH l uda&S;_I Ediiawmfu tajrmftjrif}u;D pGmjzifaqmif&uay;onfh nDvmcHjzpfonf[k tav;teuf k kfH h G f ,H=k unfyga=umif;? 3? &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftaejzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$r;f rd;k csKyfuira=umifh k kd kd kd f _ nDvmcHo@kd rwufa&mufjcif;rSm vGepmrSm;,Gi;f aomvky&yfjzpfonf[k cHpm;&yga=umif;? fG f 4? xd@k a=umifh rdronf &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKywif qufvufvyui&efqENr&Sawmhojzifh d k kd f G k f kd f d &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfygw0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ vif;ac;rd e,f &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om; k kd D S k rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 'kwd,OuUwm0efrSvnf;aumif;/ A[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpfrSvnf;aumif; Ekwxucihf yyg&ef 29-5-2004 &ufae@wif tzG@J csKyfo@kd pmwifc+hJ y;D jzpfyga=umif;? f G fG G 5? od@k ygI rdronf &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyygw0ifrjzpfawmhonftwGuf rdrtm; vif;ac; d k kd f D h d rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf y $ f kd f f H f G fG yg&ef OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmifu ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? k f h 6? Txufyg OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmif.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' k f f $ f JG yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmiftm; ,ae@rpI vif;ac;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf f f hf k S $ f rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxuf $ f kd f f H f G cGihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif.wifjycsufudkrSwfwrf;wif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif owif;xkwfjyefcsuftrSwfpOf (12004) (1366 ckESpf/ e,kefvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (2004 ckESpf/ ZGefv 5 &uf) &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS vif;ac;rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf k kd $ f J a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmif. atmufygwifjycsuukd Taumfr&Siu rSwwrf; H k f f f wifxm;yga=umif; owif;xkwjf yeftyfygonf? rdrd OD;pdi;f xGe;f atmif 13vcw(Edi) 004258 onf &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pD k kf k kd tzG@J csKyf. A[daumfrwD0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ vif;ac;rde,ftvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 'kw,OuU k S f d tjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ ygw0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; Ekwxuciay;yg&ef &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pD S D S f G f G hf k kd tzG@J csKyfo@kd wifjycsuf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 50? vm;_;d re,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? J OD;pdi;f jrifarmif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? k h kd OD;pki;f jrifarmifonf vm;_;d rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; d h J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (11491) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (39 81) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1946 ckEp/f Zlviv (18) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;0if;vGi. om;jzpfonf? hJ S kd f G f OD;pki;f jrifarmifonf 1964 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1970 jynfEpwif &efue0ZmESihf d h Sf G kd f hSf G kfd odywuUovrS odyb@GJ &&Sconf? 1970 jynfEpwif txufwef;a&Saepmar;yGJ ajzqdatmifjrifconf? H` kd f H` d hJ hSf G k hJ a&Saetjzpfvuygaqmif&u&if; 1976 ckEpwif rSwywifOya'bJ@G (tmt,fv) atmifjrifconf? kd f G f Sf G f kH f hJ 1979 ckEpwif A[dw&m;H;k / vm;_;d rd e,f a&Saersm;toif; OuU/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l Sf G k hS Sf 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif vm;_;d rd e,f A[koydwf OuU/ ta&;awmfy}kH u;D t+y;D wGif (23) &uf=um kd d zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? hJ 51? vm;_d;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;aX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;aX;onf vm;d;_ rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (8649)rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (39 8) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? 1948 ckEpzm;jzpfonf? OD;b&Si.om; jzpfonf? OD;oef;aX;onf txufwef;a&Sae hJ SfG f pmar;yJatmifjrifcI Oya'bJ@G &&Sconf? 1965 ckEprS 1982 ckEptxd vm;_;d rd / tpk;d &vcpm;rsm; G hJ d hJ Sf Sf aiGpaiGacs;wGif pma&;/ pm&if;udi/f txufwef;pma&;/ refae*sm/ 1983 ckEpwif txufwef;a&Sae/ k k Sf G xkrS A[dw&m;H;k a&Saetjzpf vkyuiconf? d k f kd f hJ 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (11) &ufae@wif om;jzpfol udw;l . pD;yGm;a&;vkyief;ESiqufpyf+y;D S f G k f hf tr_qifzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 2004 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (25) &ufae@wif OD;oef;aX;tm; hJ S kd G pGqxm;onftr_ (4) r_twuf pkpaygi;f tvky=f urf;ESiaxmif'%f (5) ESptjyif '%faiG (2) aomif; J kd h k hf f ay;aqmif&ef r@d e,fw&m;H;k rSp&ifcsucsrwconf? tu,fI '%faiGraqmifEiygu aemufxyf axmif D f S f hJ kd f (2) ESpusc&ef pD&ifcsucsrwcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? f H f S f yxrtr_rm u;d rJa=u;eef;Oya' yk'r 6 (1) t& tvkyEiaxmif'%f (1) ESp/f oGi;f uke S h f f S hf f xkwuef ,m,D}u;D =uyfa&;Oya' yk'r 5 (1) t& tvkyEiaxmif'%f (1) ESpcEihf '%faiGusywaomif;/ f k f f S hf f JG S f '%faiGraqmifygu aemufxyfaxmif'%f (1) ESp/f ud;rJa=u;eef;Oya' yk'r 6 (1) t& tvkyEihf h f fS axmif'%f (1) ESp/f 1947 ckEp/f oGi;f ukexwue}f u;D =uyfa&; (,m,D) tufOya' yk'r 5 (1) t& S f k f k f tvkyEiaxmif'%f (1) ESpcEihf '%fai usywaomif;/ raqmifygu aemufxyfaxmif'%f (1) ESpf f S hf f JG S G f trde@f csrwcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? 2005 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (25) &ufae@wif vm;d;_ axmifrS rE av;axmifo@kd S f S D G W ajymif;a&$jcif;cHc&+y;D / 2005 ckEp/f rwfv (7) &ufae@wif uav;axmifo@kd xyfrajymif;a&$jcif;cHc&onf? hJ S G H hJ zrf;qD;rcH&rD arvtwGi;f u vm;d;_ &Sd jrefrmEdii&wyfz@JG &Jr; }u;D rSac:,lawG@qI OD;oef;aX;tm; trsK;d kfHJ kH om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrEwxu&ef aqG;aEG;r_yvkyconf? ,cif (6) ESpcef@uwnf;u OD;oef;aX;. kd Sk f G f f hJ f ZeD;onftrnfjzifh zGivpxm;onfcspjf cif;uzD; vufzuf&nfqitm; pnfyifom,mESihf use;f rma&; hf S f h kd f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f OD;pD;Xmewd@k rS ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d jyI ydwyifjcif;cHc&onfjh yif vGeconfh (4) ESpcef@uvnf; om;trnf f hJ f hJ f jzifh 0,f,xm;cJonfh xGe;f b&m;om;tDvufxa&mepfqicef;tm; odr;f qnf;jcif;cHc&onf? l h kd f hJ 52? odEDMre,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;xGef;vl/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf? OD;pdkif;xGef;vlonf odEDMrde,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (5832) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 43) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? odEDM rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif}u;D / trd a':a&$cifw@kd rS 1946 ckEpwif arG;zGm;cJh hJ Sf G onf? OD;pdkif;xGef;vlonf odEMDrduGefAifhESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (9) wef;txd ynmoif=um; cJonf? 1967 ckEprS 1975 ckEptxd ud,yium;vkyief;/ 1975 ckEprS 1986 ckEptxd h Sf Sf k f kd f f Sf Sf rd e,f or0g,rESihf &Sr;f jynfajrmufyi;f or0g,rtoif;pk tvkytr_aqmif/ xd@k aemuf ud,yiwicEihf kd f k f kd f G f kH S oH*a[qufvyief;vkyuiconf? kf f kd f hJ 53? oDaygre,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? cGefxGef;OD; (c) (NOEL)/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? cGexe;f OD;onf oDaygrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f G J k kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (5268) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (49 01) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;p0f=umZH/k trd p0fa&$,w@kd .om; jzpfonf? zcif p0f=umZkonf oDaygapmf hJ kH H bGm; p0f=umqki. tukjd zpfonf? 1943 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (11) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? cGexe;f OD;onf df S G f G 1964 ckEpwif awmif}u;D rd / uarBmZaumvdyrS wuUov0ifwef; atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / 1965 ckEpwif Sf G f kd f Sf G &efuewuUovo@kd wufa&mufI Oya'bmom&yfukd 'kw,ESptxd oif=um;cJonf? 1967 ckEprS kf kd f d f h Sf 1977 ckEpf txd tif'e;D &Sm;oH;kH ppfor; . ud,a&;t&m&S/d 1984 ckEpwif Ediiwumowif;pmjzef@csd S kd H k f Sf G kfH a&;ukr%/D *syef Overseas Courier Service (OCS) . owif;pmjzef@csa&;ud,pm;vS,tjzpf aqmif ` d k f f &Guconf? 1988 ckEpwif pwifz@JG pnf;wnfaxmifconfh &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif f hJ Sf G hJ d dk G taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf pwifaqmif&uc+hJ y;D 1989 ckEpwif &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf G f Sf G k kd (A[d) OuUtjzpf aqmif&uonf? 2002 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (23) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf k G f S kd G $ f ud,pm;yaumfrwD wd;k csJ zG@J pnf;onftcg &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. ud,pm;vS,tjzpf k f h k kd k f f yg0ifconf? 2005 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (9) &ufae@wif &Sr;f jynf+ir;f csr;f a&;aumifpOuU AdvcsKyfaqxif hJ S D G d D k f (&Sr;f jynfwyfrawmfajrmufyi;f acgi;f aqmif)/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f kd k kd a&;r; OD;pdi;f !Ge@f viponfh tjcm;&Sr;f acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESitwl tm%mydirsm;. rw&m;zrf;qD;xde;f k Gf hf kf odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D 2005 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (3) &ufae@wif tif;pdeaxmiftxl;w&m;H;k rS jypf'%f (93) hJ S k G f ESpf csrwjf cif;cHc&onf? tif;pdeaxmifrwqifh ylwmtdtusO;f axmifo@kd ajymif;a&$jcif;cHc&onf? ZeD;rSm S hJ f S k hJ a':a0a0vGijf zpf+y;D / om; cGeO;D vGiEihf orD; eef;t,fvuw@kd xGe;f um;cJonf? f fS f D h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 54? oDaygre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdkif;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdi;f atmifoef;onf oDaygrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; k J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (3826) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (45 48) jzihf a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ausmufrJ rde,f/ rki;f vHZmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEpzm;jzpfonf? OD;vS'if. hJ d k SfG om; jzpfonf? OD;pki;f atmifoef;onf 1977 ckEpwif &efuepufrwuUovrS tif*sie,m (rd jy) d Sf G kf _ kd f fD bJ@G &&Sconf? 1978 ckEpwif a':eef;cifjrifh (txufwef;jy) ESihf vufxyfconf? 1979-80 ckEpwif d hJ Sf G hJ Sf G oDaygrd wGif aqmufvya&;tvkyoiftif*sie,m 1981 ckEprS 1984 ckEptxd oDaygrd e,faumifpD kf f fD Sf Sf 0if/ 1996 ckEp/f Zlviv (1) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? S kd f G $ f kd f f f G f hJ 55? [dkyHk;re,frJqENe,f? OD;pHvS/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHvonf [dy;kH rd e,frqENe,fwif jynfaxmifpytd@k 0trsK;d om;tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI S k J G k f k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (7163) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 66) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc& S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ f hJ onf? [dy;kH rd Zmwd jzpfonf? 1940 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;ukrm.om; jzpf k hS G R onf? OD;pHvonf owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1973 ckEpEihf 1974 ckEprsm;wGif S SfS Sf [dy;kH rd / rd OD;uGuopf&yfuuvkH ca&;ESihf tkycsKyfraumfrwD twGi;f a&;r;/ 1974 ckEprS 1982 ckEptxd k f G f H f _ Sf Sf rd e,fjynfo@l aumifpD tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0if/ OuU/ jynfaxmifpytd@k 0trsK;d om;tzG@J csKyf (A[d) wGif f k f k tvkytr_aqmiftjzpf wm0ef,conf? f l hJ 56? [dkyefre,frJqENe,f? OD;cGefxGef;vl/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;cGexe;f vlonf [dyefrd e,frqENe,fwif wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwtm; ud,f f G k J G k G f D k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;cGexe;f vltay: _;H edrol 0trsK;d S d f hJ f hJ f G hf om;zG@H z;d wd;k wufa&;ygwrS OD;apmzD;vpf (c) OD;zD;vpfqrfrS uef@uuvmwifoi;f cJojzifh a&G;aumufyckH D G f $ G h JG tzG@J trSwf (4) wGif =um;emppfaq;r_cc&onf? H hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (14) {&m0wDwdkif;?
jrefrmEdiitv,fyi;f ajrjyef@. awmifbufq;kH wGif wnf&onf? taemufbufEihf taemuf kfH kd dS S ajrmufbufw@kd wif b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfEihf &cdijf ynfe,f/ ajrmufbufEita&Sbufw@kd wif yJc;l wdi;f / G S k S hf G k ta&Sbufwif &efuewi;f ESihf awmifbufwif uy`vyifv,fjyifw@kd wnf&onf? ajrmufvwWw'f G k f kd G D dS D G (15) 'D*&D (40) rdepfEihf (18) 'D*&D (30) rdepfcef@twGi;f ESihf ta&Savmif*sw'f (94) 'D*&D (15) rdepfEihf S D G S (96) 'D*&D (15) rdepftwGif wnf&onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdiaygi;f (13567) us,0ef;onf? wdi;f rd awmfrm dS kf f k S ykorf rdjzpfonf? d {&m0wDwi;f wGif rd e,f (26) rd e,f&dS rJqENe,f (51) e,fY Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm; kd kfH D ud,pm;y ,SOf ydiovwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (199) OD;/ woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,f k f f l $ f kd f f ~ f kd f avmif; (5) OD;/ pkpaygi;f (204) OD;0ifa&muf,Of yic=hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (48) ae&m/ k S df kd wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwrS (2) ae&mESiwoD;yk*v (1) ae&m toD;oD; a&G;cs,f wifajrmuf k G f D hf ~ jcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? 1? usKdufvwfre,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;oef;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;wifonf usKuvwfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; d f J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16451) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (53 29) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;xGm;/ trd a':rr}u;D wk@d rS 1929 ckEp/f arv (31) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? hJ S G h t*Fylrde,f/ xef;yifukef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef;wifonf xef;yifukef; tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ [oFmwrdtrsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukeftvGwfynmoifausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;txd
399
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1955 ckEprS 1957 ckEptxd pmayAdrmef pma&;0efxrf;/ 1958 ckEprpI usKuf h Sf Sf SfS d vwfrd wGif ukeonfvyief;vkyuiconf? 1942 ckEprS 1945 ckEptxd xef;yifue;f wGif tm&Svi,f f kf f kd f hJ Sf Sf k l tzJ@G 0iftjzpfaqmif&uconf? usKuvwfrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;r; G f hJ d f kd G wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2? usKuvwfre,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? d f J OD;wif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wif0if;onf usKd ufvwfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (14351) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (48 3) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;omarmif/ trd a': jrode;f wd@k rS 1955 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (24) &ufae@wif hJ S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? usKuvwfrd e,f/ uefausmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;wif0if;onf ykrDtpd;k &rlv h d f wef;ausmif; (awmifOuUvmy)/ usKuvwfrdtpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf (2)/ usKuvwfrd d f d f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ G h hS Sf jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif rde,ftvkyorm;or*~ tvkytr_aqmiftjzpf yg0ifconf? D kd f f hJ 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wiusi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_ S f Gf f hJ kd k f aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14) &ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 040pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh OD;wif0if;tm; trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmh kd k f onfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? 2004 ckEp/f arv (17) &ufae@wif jyefvnf k f h S G usi;f ycJonfh etz. trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd woD;yk*vtjzpf a&G;aumufywia&G;cs,cxm;&aom h ~ JG G f fH ud,pm;vS,rsm;tpktzG@J wif wufa&mufc+hJ y;D / 2005 ckEpwif &efuewi;f / arSmbD rd e,f/anmifEpyif k f f G Sf G k f kd f Sf pcef;Yqufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufywif a&G;cs,cxm;&aom ud,pm; JG G fH k f vS,rsm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,tjzpf yg0ifwufa&mufconf? f ~ k f f hJ 3? ausmif;ukef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apmvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmvGionf ausmif;uke;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; f J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m cdivrJ (16563) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (61 51) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ k f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ausmif;uke;f rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;ndK}u;D / trd a':nde;f wd@k rS 1955 ckEp/f hJ S azazmf0g&v (10) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;apmvGionf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef; D G h f ynmrsm;udk [oFmwrd wGioif,c+hJ y;D 1983 ckEpwif ordi;f t"dujzifh 0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? ynma&; f l Sf G k d hJ XmewGif 1979 ckEprpI tr_xrf;cJonf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf SfS h S f G $ f ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,f k f S $ f kd f f kH $ f kd pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif fl S f G h $ f kd f wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 4? ausmif;ukef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmvS0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmvS0if;onf ausmif;uke;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (18376)rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 92) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;omcif.om; jzpfonf? 1955 ckEp/f Zlviv (15) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ S kd f G a'guwmvS0if;onf 1967-68 ckEpwif tv,fwef;ynmudk tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 'g;uaus;&Gm/ f Sf G ykorta&Sajrmufrd e,fwif oif=um;cJI 1971-72 ckEpwif txufwef;ynmudk ocsm/ "mwk/ ly df G h Sf G F *k%x;l wk@d jzihf ykorfrd / tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifconf? 1972 ckEprS 1979 ckEptxd f d hJ Sf Sf oGm;bufqi&maq;wuUovwif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1979 ckEpwif oGm;bufqi&m q&m0efb@GJ dk f kd f G Sf G dk f &&Sconf? 1982 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd oGm;bufqi&mq&m0eftjzpf ausmif;uke;f rd e,f/ rd e,f d hJ Sf Sf dk f jynfo@l aq;Hwitr_xrf;cJonf? 1989 ckEpf Zefe0g&vwGif wm0efrtem;,lconf? trsK;d om;'Drkd k Gf h S D S hJ ua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS 2005 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (16) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 006pnf;jzifh tzG@J csKyf S D JG tzG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwy,fconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;y f hJ S f G $ f kd f aumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumf S $ f k f f kH $ f kd f rwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD; fl S f G h $ f kd f tygt0ifjzpfonf? 5? usKHaysmfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ref;a*smfeD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ref;a*smeonf usKH aysmfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; fD J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (31731) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (72 93) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;ausmO;D / trd a':ajcmufw@dk rS 1942 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (31) &ufae@wif hJ f S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? ykorta&Sydi;f / qifacgi;f }u;D &GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;ref;a*smeonf ykorf rd / pde@f *sKd ;Zuf h df k fD d uGe@f Aifausmif;/ umwkvyf a,musm;uav;rsm;A[dausmif;/ r&rf;acsmif;&Gm/ ykorf rd wd@k wif tajccH h d d F k d G ynmoif=um;cJ&mrS wuUov0ifwef;udk 1960 jynfEpwivnf;aumif;/ wuUovynmudk ykorOypm h kd f hSf Gf kd f df aumvdywivnf;aumif;oif=um;cJonf? 1965 ckEpwif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1967 ckEpwif f Gf h Sf G Sf G tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1980 jynfEpwif ynma&;wuUov/f &efuerS ynma&;'Dyvkrm&&ScI hSf G kd kf d d hJ txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf &mxl;wk;d jric&onf? 1982 ckEpwif vufaxmufrd e,fynma&;r;tjzpf hf H Sf G &mxl;wk;d jricc&+y;D / 1986 ckEpwif emruse;f yifpif jzifh t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv hf H hJ Sf G d hJ S f (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qkH G $ f kd f S $ f kd f f a&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l $ f kd f fl S f G h v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? f kd f 6? usKHaysmfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifonf usKaysmf rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; H J kd f k f
401
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (30816) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 59) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;bausm.om; jzpfonf? 1917 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (3) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? hJ f S D G OD;wifonf ausmif;om;oydwwivnf;aumif;/ ausmif;&Jwyfz@JG wivnf;aumif; acgi;f aqmiftjzpf f Gf Gf yg0ifconf? 1937 ckEpwif (10) wef;ausmif;om;b0jzihf trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;rSxuI hJ Sf G G f rE av; t*Fvyppfwyfwif 0ifa&mufconf? use;f rma&;raumif;I t=uyfb0jzihf xGuc&onf? W df G hJ f hJ vGwvyfa&;u;d yrf;r_wif acwf (3) acwfpvH;k tm&Svi,fpnf;H;k a&;acgi;f aqmif/ jynfo@l &abmfwyfz@GJ f G l J 'kw,ppfacgi;f aqmif/ z-q-y-v tzJ@G rd e,f 'kw,OuUtjzpfaqmif&uc&m vGwvyfa&; armfue;f d d G f hJ f G 0if ('kw,qif) &&Sconf? 1951 ckEprS 1957 ckEpf txd jynfo@l vwawmfwivnf;aumif;/ 1957 d h d hJ Sf S $ f Gf ckEprS 1958 ckEptxd vlrsK;d pkvwawmfwivnf;aumif;/ yg0ifaqmif&uc+hJ y;D tjrJwrf; bma&; Sf Sf $ f Gf G f aumfrwD0if/ Oya'yaumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1958 ckEprS 1962 ckEptxd usKaysmf rd G f hJ Sf Sf H jrLeDpy,fOuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf D G f hJ S f G $ f ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmf ud,f k f S $ f kd f f kH $ f k pm;y aumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) fl S f G h $ f kd f OD; wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 7? =uHcif;re,frJqENe,f? a'gufwm&Jjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwm&Jjrifonf =ucif;rd e,frqENe,fwif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI f h H J G kd k f 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (27147) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (74 13) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? 1954 ckEp/f {+yv (7) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? &efueZmwd jzpfonf? OD;tke;f cif.om; jzpfonf? hJ S D G kf a'guwm&Jjrifonf [oFmwrd uGeAifausmif;/ awmif}uD;rdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2)/ f h f h r*Fvmawmif!e@f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (5) wk@d wif q,fwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif G G =um;cJ+h y;D / 1979 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf (1) &efuerS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1982 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd Sf G kd kf d hJ Sf Sf csi;f jynfe,f/ wD;wdejf ynfo@l aq;Hvufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1985 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd yJc;l wki;f / yef; k Sf Sf d awmif;rd e,f/ xH;k bkwue,faq;Hk wkue,fq&m0ef/ 1989 ckEp/f {+yv (10) &ufae@wif use;f rma&; d kd f d f S D G 0ef}u;D Xme use;f rma&;OD;pD;Xme. trde@f a=umfjimpmt& tvkyrxwy,fjcif;cHc&onf? ygwp'rua&pD fS k f hJ D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wif a=unmcsuf JG f S G trSwf (1417) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif;a=unmcJonf? v$wawmf $ f k f f f G f h f ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrEwxuc+hJ y;D etzowif;pmrsm;wGif a'guwm&Jjrifh (=ucif;re,f trsK;d om; k f f Sk f G f f H 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ a&G;cs,cu,pm;vS,f Ekwxu)[lonfh uavmiftrnfjzifh tzG@J csKyftm; wduf kd f H kd f f G f k cduonfaqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJonf? k f h h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1417) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvqef; 15 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 3 &uf) ? a'guwm&Jjriftm; {&m0wDwi;f =ucif;re,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,frS f h kd H $ f J jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS $ f kd f f H Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS {&m0wDwi;f =ucif;rd e,f D kH D kd JG G kd kd H jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmuf $ f J $ f kd f f cHxm;&ol a'guwm&Jjrifu rdronf use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; f h d d $ f kd f vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf T f H f G fG aumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg a'guwm&Jjrif.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' f h f f $ f yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD a'guwm&Jjriftm; ,ae@rpI =ucif;rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f f f hf f h S H $ f J rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yvduf $ f kd f f H f G fG k a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; 8? iykawmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;a';ApfvSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a';ApfvjS rifonf iykawmrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; h J kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (27111) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 7) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;vSjrif/h trd a':[efaX;wd@k rS 1959 ckEp/f arv (13) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh hJ S G onf? ykorf rdZmwdjzpfonf? OD;a';ApfvjS rifonf ykortpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (6) rS d h k d f q,fwef;f atmifjrifI ykor'*&D aumvdyrS ocsmt"dujzihf odyb@GJ &&Sconf? 1985 ckEprS 1987 dfD f F H` d hJ Sf ckEptxd iykawmrd e,ftwGi;f &Sd wGzuftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif wGzufq&mtjzpf wm0ef Sf J J xrf;aqmifconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf {&m0wDwi;f pnf; (ykorf rd e,fp) wm0efctjzpf aqmif hJ kd dk d k H &Guconf? ,if;tm; oufqi&mw&m;H;k u EkiiawmftvH Oya' yk'r (6) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifcI f hJ dk f dfH f _ S hJ a&G;aumufyGJ yk'r (11)/ yk'rcJG (n) ESi+hf ipe;f ojzihf jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsuvuf f f dG f kd f f f kd a=umif; 1991 ckEp/f =o*kwv (16) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumf S f G D kH D kd JG ta=umif;t&m?
403
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f r&SirS a=unmcsutrSwf (958) jzifh a=unmcJonf? aemif (10) ESptwGi;f yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y f f h f f JG yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwyifconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS 2005 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (16) S d f G hf kd f hJ kd S D &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 006pnf;jzifh tzG@J csKytzG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwy,fconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv JG f f hJ S f (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qkH G $ f kd f S $ f kd f f a&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l $ f kd f fl S f G h v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? f kd f 9? iykawmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmppfwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmppfwifonf iykawmrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (32293) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 47) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1960 jynfEp/f ZGev (5) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? usKu;l aus;&Gm Zmwdjzpf f hJ hS f G H onf? OD;jrifaqG.om; jzpfonf? a'guwmppfwifonf 1984 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf (2) rS q&m0efb@GJ h f Sf G kd &&Sconf? 1985 ckEpwif ykorjf ynfo@l aq;H}k u;D wGif tvkyoifq&m0ef/ 1986 ckEprpI ud,yif d hJ Sf G d f SfS k f kd aq;ukcef;zGiconf? iykawmrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKywif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 1996 hf hJ kd f G l hJ ckEp/f ZGev (9) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS jynfo@l S f G D kH D kd f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxua=umif; a=unmcJonf? f kd f f f G f h 10? ZvGef re,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? J OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmjf rifonf ZvGef rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f h J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (23519) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 52) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? tz ocifte;f qki/f trd a':cifa&$w@dk rS 1943 ckEp/f =o*kwv (30) &ufae@wif arG;zGm; hJ k d S f G cJonf? ZvGef rd e,f/ a&abmfaomifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;ausmjf rifonf tajccHynmtxufwef; h h udk 1961 ckEpwif tazsmuftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / ysO;f rem;pduysK;d a&;odyrS pduysK;d Sf G k f H` k f a&;'Dyvkrmudk 1969 ckEpwif &&Sconf? 1970 jynfEpwif a':ESi;f EG,Eihf vufxyfconf? rdom;pkEihf d S f G d hJ hSf G fS hJ S twl jcvyief;jzihtoufarG;onf? H kf f 11? ZvGefre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? Adkvfr;}uD;=unf0if; (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) Advr; }u;D =unf0if; (t+ir;f pm;) onf ZvGef rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2)wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd k f d J ua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (27558) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 83) jzifh f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? jrif;jcHrdZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif/ trd a':ykw@kd rS 1919 ckEp/f f hJ S Zlviv (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? i,femrnf armif}u;D aiGjzpfonf? Advr; }u;D =unf0if; (t+ir;f pm;) kd f G h k f d onf jrif;jcH rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifconf? 1300 jynfta&;awmfywif hJ h kH G
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jrif;jccdiv;kH qdi&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~z@GJ pnf;aqmif&uconf? 1940 jynfEpf t*Fvye,fcsJ qef@ H kf kf G f hJ hS df usia&;wGif anmifO;D ajratmuf awmfvea&;acgi;f aqmif/ Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtiat) f Sf G f dk f AdvcsKyfuav;aZ,s (&Jabmfo;kH usy0if) . H;k tzG@J 0if/ ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at) *syefppf k f df f D wuUovtrSwpOf (1) qif;/ wyf&if; (6) 'kw,Akv/f 1943 ckEpwif ppfaoemywdcsKyf Akvr; }u;D kd f f d d Sf G d f ae0if;. ud,&awmfAv/f 1944 ckEpwif ajrmufyi;f wki;f ppfXmecsKyf wdi;f r;/ Advr; }u;D Axl;ESihf yl;wGJ k fH kd Sf G kd d k k f wm0ef/ 1945 ckEp/f *syefzufqpfawmfvea&;wGif jrpf0u|e;f ay: wki;f (2)/ AkvcsKyfae0if;vufatmuf&dS S Sf d d f wyf&if; (83) wyf&if;r;/ 1945-46 ckESpfwGif uef'DpmcsKyft& Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if; (5) wGif/ ud,yitrSwf (=unf;-3572) 'kw,Akv/f 1947-48 ckEpwif uavmrd (bDatpDtufp) wyfwif k f dk f d d Sf G f G vnf;aumif;/ 1949 ckEpwif t*FvefEiiH ppfausmif;wufc&mrS ppf;kH csKyfujyefac:I wydi;f wpESihf Sf G dk f hJ k jyefc&onf? ppf;kH csKyfwif ppfO;D pD; ('kw,wef;) tjzpfjzifvnf;aumif;/ &efuef rd@ Inner Defence hJ G d h k wm0efudk AkvcsKyfae0if;u ay;tyfconf? 1950 jynfEpwif oeu (4) wyf&if;r;/ 1952 ckEpwif d f hJ hSf G Sf G hJ Sf wyfr[m (8) ykor/f wyfr[mr;/ 1953 ckEpwif Australia Staff College wufconf? 1954 ckEprS d Sf G 1958 ckEptxd wyfr[m (10) (acsmuf) wyfr[mr;/ 1959-60 ckEp/f AkvcsKyf}u;D ae0if;. tdrapmifh Sf S d f f tpd;k &vufxufwif ajraus;&Si;f ESiv,f,mopfawm 'kw,OuU ('kw,0ef}u;D tqif)/ 1961 ckEpwif G hf d d h Sf G wyfr[m (7) jrpf}u;D em;/ wyfr[mr;/ bbppfqifa&;wm0efc/H wyfr[m (7) wGif wyfr[mr; wm0efxrf; aqmifaepOf 1960 jynfEp/f ygvrefa&G;aumufywif bufvuca=umif;pdppfawG@&&I &mxl;cef@xm; hS D JG G dk f hJ dS a&;tzJ@G tpnf;ta0;rS wyfrawmfwippfrxrf;jcif;rSt+ir;f pm;,lcihf ycJonf? 1961 ckEpwif wyfr Gf _ d G h Sf G awmfrS &yfptrde@f xwjf yefc+hJ y;D 1961 ckEprpI ppfO;D pD;wuUovo@dk ajymif;a&$tiftm;jyxm;cH&onf? J k SfS dk f 1961 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v/ (11) &ufae@wif ,if;.jyefwrf;0if tvky0wW&m;rsm;udk jyefvnftyfEHS S D G f cGihf yapcJonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wyfr; a[mif; (15) h hS Sf D kd OD;taejzifh yg0ifconf? rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J Eihf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif A[dO;D pD;wm0ef hJ fJ S kd G k ,lconf? 1995 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (11) &ufae@wif uG,veonf? uG,vecsewif ZeD;a':pef;&DEihf hJ S kd G f Gf f Gf df G S om;orD;rsm;jzpf=uonfh a':auoD=unf0if;/ a':a0&nf=unf0if;/ OD;owd;k =unf0if;/ a':OrRm=unf0if;/ OD;aX;atmif=unf0if;/ a'guwmcifrm=unf0if;/ a': jrwfrm=unf0if;wd@k use&pfconf? f f hJ 12? anmifwkef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifudif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifuionf anmifwe;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf df k J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17078) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (51 80) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? "EkjzLrd e,f/ ES}J u;D &GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;barmif/ trd a':pdeyw@kd rS f hJ fk 1936 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;atmifudionf ES}J uD;&Gmtpd;k & rlvwef; S G h f ausmif;/ r*Fvmawmif!e@f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ &efue0ZmESioywuUov/f &efueynma&; G k f d hf d H` kd kf wuUovw@dk wif ynmoif=um;cJ&m bDattD;'D/ bDt;D 'Db@GJ &&Sconf? 1957 ckEprS 1963 ckEptxd kd f G h d hJ Sf Sf "EkjzLrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; txufwef;jy/ 1963 ckEprS 1975 ckEptxd anmifwe;f / ZvGef Sf Sf k tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1976 ckEprS 1983 ckEptxd xm;0,f/ tkioy tpd;k & Sf Sf df
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;tky}f uD;/ 1983 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd u0/ ausmuf}uD;/ anmifwe;f Sf Sf k rd e,fynma&;r;/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif 'Drua&pDEi+hf ir;f hS Sf kd kd S d csr;f a&;tzJ@G em,u/ bJ@G &vli,frsm; em,u/ Xmeaygi;f pHk 0efxrf;rsm;or*~ OuU/ anmifwe;f rd e,f k trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif kd G l hJ S f G jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;yaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmf $ f kd f fl S f G h $ f ud,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? k f 13? anmifwkef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ompdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ompd;k onf anmifwe;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; k J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15675) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 3) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;a&$O;D / trd a':apmwifw@dk rS 1943 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (22) &ufae@wif hJ S D G arG;zGm;cJonf? anmifwe;f rd e,f/ yJqy&mZmwd jzpfonf? OD;ompd;k onf yJqyf tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ h k kH d f G kH d anmifwe;f rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ &efuewuUovEihf vkyom;rsm;aumvdyw@dk wif ynmoif k kf kd f S f f G =um;cJ&m 0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? 1960 jynfEprS 1961 ckEptxd anmifwe;f txufwef;ausmif;om; h d hJ hSf Sf k rsm;or*~ OuU/ 1964 ckEpwif &efuewuUovf anmifwe;f ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;toif; twGi;f Sf G kf kd k a&;r;/ 1968 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd tv,fwef;jyq&m tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) anmif Sf Sf wke;f / 1974 ckEprS 1987 ckEptxd ud,yienf;jyq&m/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD Sf Sf k f dk f hS Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif 'Drua&pDwuyaumfrwD OuU/ bJ@G &ESiausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;toif;OuU/ kd kd f JG hf anmifwe;f rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? k kd G f hJ 14? a';'&Jre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmrsKd;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmrsK;d !Ge@f onf a';'&Jrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; f J kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17957) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 22) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1953 ckEpf Zlviv (14) &ufae@zm;/ tz OD;bcsp/f trd a':usijf rwk@d rS hJ S dk f G 1953 ckEp/f Zlviv (14) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a';'&Jrd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;rsK;d !Ge@f onf OD;tke;f !Ge@f S kd f G h tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif; (a';'&J)/ a';'&Jrdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ aq;wuUovf (2)/ dk &efuew@dk wif q&m0efb@GJ &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1979 ckEprS 1984 ckEptxd a';'&Jrd e,f kf G h Sf Sf or0g,r aq;cef;/ 1979 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd rsK;d ud,yiaq;ukcef;/ a';'&Jrd / 1350 jynfEpf Sf Sf k f dk f hS (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D umvwGif jrefrmEdiiq&m0efrsm;toif;. xkwjf yef Sf D kd kfH a=unmcsuukd r@d e,ftwGi;f &Sq&m0efrsm;tm;vH;k yl;wGaxmufc&mwGif yg0ifconf? rvkvm;tyfaom f d J H hJ d t=urf;zufrrsm;rjzpfym;apa&;twGuf vlxtpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif a[majymcJonf? a';'&Jrde,f _ G k h trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwDtzJ@G 0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? ud,yiaq;cef;zGiI kd G f hJ k f kd f hf
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a';'&Jrd wGif aexkionf? 1996 ckEpwif w&m;0ifrwywifjzifh 'DCm,kaq;0g;xkwvya&;vkyief; df Sf G S f kH f kf f vkyuionfukd 1992 ckEp/f trsK;d om;aq;0g;Oya'yk'r 19 (u) t& w&m;pGq+kd y;D tvkyEiaxmif'%f f kd f S f J f S hf (7) ESpf jypf'%fcsrwconf? a'guwmrsK;d !$e@f rm trde@f a=ujimpm trSwf (293) tyd'cJG (1) t& S f hJ f S kf ,m,Drwywifvufrwf av#mufxm;+yD;jcif;/ tyd'cJG (4) wGif tyd'cJG (1) ygvyief;&yfukd vuf&vyuif S f kH S kf kf kf Sd k f kd aeolrsm;onf ,m,Drwywifav#mufxm;aepOftwGi;f / rdrvyief;udk qufvufvyuici&onf[k S f kH d kf k f kd f G hf Sd jyXmef;xm;jcif;wd@k &ygvsuf 1992 ckEp/f trsK;d om;aq;0g;tufOya' yk'r 19 (u) t& tvkyEihf Sd S f fS axmif'%f (7) ESpf jypf'%fcsrwcjhJ cif; jzpfonf// S f 15? a';'&Jre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;xGe;f onf a';'&Jrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19612) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (57 04) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? a';'&Jrd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;oufEi;f / trd a':wifvw@dk rS 1949 ckEp/f hJ S S S Zlviv (15) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;oef;xGe;f onf a';'&Jrd OD;tke;f !Ge@f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ kd f G h a';'&Jrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ &efue0ZmESihf odywuUovw@kd wif odyH` (lyaA') bG@J &onftxd kfd H` kd f G ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1975 ckEpf rS 1984 ckEptxd &wemvkyief; &efuef rd / 1984 ckEprS 1989 h S Sf f k Sf ckEptxd ud,yiaq;cef; &efuef rd / 1987 ckEpwif blrvufaxmuftjzpf taemuf*smreD 'di;f em;wpf Sf k f dk f k Sf G d k ukr%wif oGm;a&mufvyuiconf? b,f*s,/H jyifopf/ t*Fvef/ ta&S*smr%/D tdE,/ xki;f puFmyl ` D G k f kd f hJ D dN d Ediirsm;wGif oGm;a&mufavhvmcJonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D kfH h hS Sf D kd wGif ryg0ifaomfvnf; 1969 ckEp/f u|e;f qG,ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifvy&m;r_a=umifh (1) S f _fS ESpEihf (8) v zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? a';'&Jrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;r;/ fS hJ kd tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif/ wki;f pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0efw@dk ,conf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif usi;f yy d l hJ S f G vkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& f hJ kd k f f 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSw/f 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh OD;oef;xGe;f tm; trsK;d S f JG om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJh kd k f k f onf? 16? "EkjzLre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;0if;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;jrifonf "EkjzLrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f h J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20388) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 57) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? "EkjzLrd e,f/ anmifausmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f usi/f trd a':oef; hJ wk@d rS 1951 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (8) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;0if;jrifonf anmifausmif;aus;&Gm S k G h h tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ "EkjzLrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ ykorrdwGif tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; d trSwf (6) wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1974 ckEpwif &efue0ZmESioywuUovrS odyH` (blraA') Sf G k f d hf d H` dk f d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f bJ@G &&Sconf? 1981 ckEpwif txufwef;a&Saepmar;yGuvnf;aumif;/ 1985 ckEpwif rSwywifa&Sae d hJ Sf G J kd Sf G f kH oifwef;udvnf;aumif; ajzqdatmifjrifconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; k k hJ hS Sf D kd awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? "EkjzLrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKywif jyef=um;a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uf hJ kd f G G cJonf? h 17? "EkjzLre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;aomif;&D/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;&Donf "EkjzLrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivr (20210) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (52 8) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH J k kf_ f jcif; cHc&onf? "EkjzLrd (10) &yfuuZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;aiGqif/ trd a':apmvSw@kd rS 1945 ckEp/f hJ G f S pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wiarG;zGm;cJonf? OD;aomif;&Donf "EkjzLrd wGif (10) wef;atmifjrifc+hJ y;D Gf h aemuf &efue0ZmESioywuUovrS 0dZm (Oya')/ Oya'0dZmbJ@G wk@d u&&Sconf? 1963 ckEprS 1974 k f d hf d H` kd f kd d hJ Sf ckEptxd yyupma&; ("EkjzLrd )/ 1985 ckEpwif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD ygwpwr; (10) &yfuuf Sf Sf G kd S f Dd f G "EkjzLrd ? "EkjzLrd wif;epftoif;ESifh aoewfypftoif; a*gyutzJ@G w@dk wif OuU/ twGi;f a&;r;/ w&m;H;k G csKyfa&Saetjzpf aqmif&uconf? "EkjzLrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J G f hJ kd G f 'kw,OuU tjzpf 1989 ckEprS 1997 ckEptxd aqmif&uconf? 1997 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (21) d Sf Sf G f hJ S D &ufae@wif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f G kd S $ f kd f tjzpfrvnf;aumif; Ekwxuc+hJ yD; ppftyptvdusaqmif;yg;rsm;udk ppftpd;k &ydiowif;pmrsm;wGif S f G f kfk k kf f H kd f f G f OD;aomif;&D (w&m;H;k csKyf a&Sae)/ NLD "EkjzLa&G;cs,cu,pm;vS,f (Ekwxu) uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;om;cJonf? h 18? ykodrftaemufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifacsm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifacsmonf ykortaemufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf df J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (28829) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 93) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;ESp/f trd a': jrpfw@kd rS 1935 ckEp/f arv (10) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJh f hJ S G onf? a&=unfrd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;wifacsmonf a&=unftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUov0ifwef; kd f atmifjrifcI 1964 ckEpwif ynma&;wuUovrS 0dZm (ynma&;) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1964 ckEpwif hJ Sf G dk f d hJ Sf G omaygi;f rd e,f/ pufa'gi}hf u;D aus;&Gm tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1982 ckEprS 1988 Sf ckEptxd weoFm&DEifh ykortaemufrd e,fw@dk wif rd e,fynma&;r;/ 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (18) Sf S df G S kd &ufae@wif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;y G d hJ S f G $ f kd f aumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;y aumf S $ f kd f f kH $ f kd f rwD OuUxHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD; dfl S f G h $ f k f tygt0ifjzpfonf?
408
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 19? ykodrftaemufre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ausmfrif; (Adokum)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;ausmrif;onf ykortaemufrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f df J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (32304) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 75) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz 0ausmxifO;D bausmf (1920 ausmif;om;oydwacgi;f aqmif/ f hJ f f tpd;k &yHEywu!e=f um;a&;0ef)/ trd a':at;=unfw@kd rS 1933 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (9) &ufae@ k dS f kd f S kd wGif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;ausmrif;onf i,fpOfu usKaysmf rd ESihf &efuef rd wd@k wif ynmoif=um;+y;D / 1949 h f H k G ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifconf? 1954 ckEpwif &efuewuUovY wwd,ESptif*sie,m Sf G kd f hJ Sf G kf dk f f fD oifwef;wufa&mufaepOf tar&duefjynfaxmifp/k rufqmcsL;qufjynfe,f pufrwuUovo@kd ynm _ kd f awmfoifom;a&mufc+hJ y;D 1957 ckEpwif AdoumbJ@G &&Sconf? &efuewuUovwiynmoif=um;aepOf G Sf G k d hJ kf kd f G f bmom&yftoD;oD;ESihf o[m,pmzwftoif;wd@k wif tr_aqmiftjzpfaqmif&uconf? tif*sie,m G G f hJ fD ausmif;om;rsm;or*~wif wGzuftwGi;f a&;r;tjzpfaqmif&u&if; 1953 ckEp/f ausmif;om;v_y&m;r_ G J G f S fS wGiyg0ifconf? 1958 ckEpf rS 1960 jynfEptxd &efuewuUovtif*sif eD,mr[mXme/ ydoumXme f hJ S hSf kf kd f k wGif vufaxmufuxdu/ Xmer;tjzpfxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D tvkyrEwxuconf? 1961 ckEprpI uk,yif f S k f G f hJ SfS d f dk Adoumvkyief;vkyuiconf? jrefrmjynftEStjym;&StaqmuftODrsm; aqmufvy+f yD;pD;cJ+h yD; rd&Gm k f f kd f hJ h H d k pnfyifa&;/ Adoumynmjyef@ym;a&;wd@k ukd tpOfwpduaqmif&uconf? q&m}u;D ocifu,awmfri;f k G k f G f hJ kd f d_ *lArmefukd ud,wiypa&;qG+J y;D }u;D =uyfaqmufvyconf? *lArmefapmifa&Smufa&;tzG@J wif t=uay; d k f kd f kH H k f hJ d h G H tjzpf aqmif&uconf? AdvcsKyfatmifqef;.ZeD; a':cif=unf. psmyeA[daumfrwD0iftjzpfvnf; G f hJ k f k aumif;/ *loi;f o* [a&;qyfaumfrwDwivnf;aumif;/ *lArmefwnfaqmuf&mwGif ud,wiypa&;qGJ G f Gf d k f kd f kH H }u;D =uyfaqmufvyconf? *lArmef}u;D =uyfapmifa&Smufa&;tzG@J wivnf; t=uay;tjzpfaqmif&uchJ k f hJ d h Gf H G f onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[kO;D pD;tzJ@G 0if/ A[ktvkytr_aqmiftzJ@G 0if/ jyef=um;a&;ESifh &Sr;f jynf kd d d f e,f pnf;H;k qufo,a&;tzJ@G 0if wm0efw@kd uxrf;aqmifconf? OD;ausmrif;onf *ENq;kH jzwfcsutwdi;f G f kd hJ f D f k e0wu v$wawmfac:ray;v#if aqmif&uz@dk vonfenf;vrf;oH;k oG,pmwrf;ypk&mwGif twGi;f usus f G f kd h f yg0ifcojzifh 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya'yk'r 5 (u) (c) (n) t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I hJ hS H_ f _ S a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 11 (n) ESi+hf ipe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; JG f dG $ f kd f f f aumfr&Siu 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (984) jzifh a=unmcJonf? f S G f h aemif (10) ESpftwGif; yvkyfrnfha&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOfydifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w ppftyp.zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh 1992 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (24) &ufae@wif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS kfk S D G kd xkwy,fay;cJ&onf? 1992 ckEp/f arv (20) &ufae@wif tif;pdetusO;f axmifrS jyefvwonf? 1999 f h S G f G f ckEp/f Zlviv (1) &ufae@wif &efuef jynfo@l aq;H}k u;D Y tonf;a&m*gjzifu,veonf? S kd f G k h G f Gf OD;ausmfrif; (Adokum) touf (66) ESpf &efuef rdae (OD;bausm)-(a':at;=unf)wd@k .om;}uD;/ yJc;l rdae (OD;oif;armif)-a':apm&D k f
B.Arch. M.I.T. (A.I.I.A)
409
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wdk@. om;oruf/ &efukefrd trSwf (60)/ a&ausmfvrf;/ ykZGefawmifrde,fae a':0if;jrifhjrifh (0if;0if; 217/ bD/kH odr}f uD;aps;) .cifye;f / udausmrif;atmif-rndKrm0if;/ udk zd;a0rif; (zd;ausm/f r*Fvmaps;)G k f rat;at;atmif/ udkpdk;jrifhaZmfwdk@.zcif/ armifydkifzd;cef@ (tru-12/ awmif!Gef@)/ rtOvDrif;/ armifcef@xufaZmfw@kd .tbd;k OD;ausmrif;onf (1-7-99) &uf (=umoyaw;ae@) nae (5 ; 30) em&Dwif f G &efuejf ynfo@l aq;H}k uD;Y uG,veom;ygojzifh (3-7-99) &uf (paeae@) eHeuf (11) em&Dwif a&a0; k f Gf G G tat;wdkufrS a&a0;okomefodk@ ydk@aqmifo*[frnfjzpfyga=umif;? use&pforom;pk f ld 20? ykodrfta&Sre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Ge@f vionf ykorta&Srd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; _d f df J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19651) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (59 97)jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1945 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (7) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;oef;armif.om; jzpfonf? hJ S k G OD;!Ge@f vionf 1964-65 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf (1) Oypmwef;tqifwufaepOf qkA,ufjynf d_ f Sf G dk h dD axmifpo@kd EkiijH cm;ynmawmfoiftjzpfom;a&muf&ef a&G;cs,jf cif;cHc&onf? 1966 ckEprS 1971 k df G hJ S f ckEptxd tufpx&mcefig;ynmwuUovwif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D M. Sc. (Fishery) ig;ynmr[modyb@GJ Sf f kd f G H` &&Sconf? 1972 ckEprS 1984 ckEptxd ig;vkyief;Xme rd e,fO;D pD;r; (rE av;)/ rE av;wuUovf d hJ Sf Sf f W W dk owWaA'Xme tcseyi;f uxdu (yl;wGwm0ef)/ rd e,fO;D pD;r; anmifa&$/ rauG;ESihf ysOrem;/ wki;f OD;pD;r; d f dk J f d {&m0wDwi;f (ykor)/ 1987 ckEpwif ukvor*~pm;eyf&umESipuysK;d a&;tzJ@G tpnf;ta0;od@k v,f,m kd df Sf G d Q hf kd f ESihf opfawm0ef}u;D ESitwl jrefrmud,pm;vS,tzG@J 0if/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l ta&; hf k f f hS Sf awmfy}kH uD;umvwGif {&m0wDwi;f vH;k qdi&m 0efxrf;rsm;ESitvkyorm;or*~ OuU/ 1988 ckEp/f dk kf hf f S pufwifbmv (13) &ufae@wif zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif;cHc&onf? 1989 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (14) &ufae@wif G hJ S D G tvkywm0efr&yfqi;f +yD; yifpifay;jcif;cHc&onf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l f S kd hJ S f G v$wfawmfudk,fpm;yaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@ v$wawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; f kd f fl S f G h $ f kd f vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 21? ykodrfta&Sre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vS=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vS=unfonf ykorta&Srd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; df J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19293) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (60 73) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ykorfrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oufxe;f / trd a':apmwk@d rS 1944 ckEpwiarG;zGm;cJh hJ d G Sf Gf onf? OD;vS=unfonf ajrmif;jr/ r&rf;uke;f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf (5)/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2)/ ESpjf cif;c&pf,mefausmif;wd@k wif wuUov0ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? ajrmif;jr G kd f h ausmif;om;rsm;or*~acgi;f aqmif jzpfconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; hJ hS Sf D kd
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f awmfy}kH u;D wGif OD;wifO;D .vHk ca&; tzJ@G 0if/ 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (14) &ufae@wif trsK;d om; H S kd G 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf {&m0wDwi;f H;k tzJ@G 0if/ 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (20) &ufae@wif wdi;f pnf;H;k a&; kd kd S kd G k r;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfOuU OD;wifO;D . {&m0wD/ &ckiEiyc;l wki;f c&D;pOfw@kd wivnf;aumif;/ kd d f S hf J d Gf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;a':atmifqef;pk=unf. {&m0wDc&D;pOfwivnf;aumif; vduygconf? ESp}f urf Gf k f hJ d zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cH&+y;D / 1989 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (30) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pD S k G G f kd tzG@J csKyf wdi;f pnf;r;wm0efEihf bma&;wm0efw@kd ,conf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif k S l hJ S f G jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l $ f k f S $ f k f f kH v$wawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD OuU xHvyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,f f kd f dfl S f G h $ f kd pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 22? yef;waemfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmwifrif;xGf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmwifrif;xGonf yef;waemfrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD f f J kd tzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm;yI0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (21160) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (57 02) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? a0grd e,f/ anmifcg;&Sn&mZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f =unf/ trd f hJ fG a':wifwifwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ arv (24) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmwifrif;xGfonf anmifcg;&Sntpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ a0grdtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ yJc;l rdtpd;k &txufwef; f ausmif;trSwf (1) wk@d wif tajccH ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1976 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf (2) &efuerS G Sf G kd kf q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1976-77 ckEpwif tvkyoifq&m0ef (ajrmufOuUvmyaq;H}k u;D )/ 1986 ckEprS d hJ Sf G f Sf 1988 ckEptxd wki;f jynfoaumifp0if ({&m0wDwi;f )/ 1981 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd jrefrmEdiiH Sf d l D kd Sf Sf kf q&m0eftoif; yef;waemftwGi;f a&;r;/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D hS Sf D kd wGif yef;waemfrd e,f &yf&mat;csr;f om,ma&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&uconf? yef;waemfrd e,f G G f hJ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif 'kw,OuUtjzpf wm0ef,conf? 1997 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (19) kd G d l hJ S D &ufae@wif yef;waemfrde,f&pcef;r;ESitzG@J rS a'guwmwifrif;xG. aetdro@kd 0ifa&muf&mazGc+hJ yD;/ G J hf f f f S aetdrwif a'guwmwifrif;xG.om;i,f aqmhupm;onfcuxrS pifumylEiio;kH tauaph (2) f G f f hG f J kd f H G aphawG@&onfukd EdiijH cm;aiGw&m;r0ifvuf0,fxm;&Sr_ yk'r (24) jzifh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifc+hJ y;D tr_qif dS kf d f w&m;pGqI axmif'%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l v$wawmf J kd S hJ S f G f ud,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,f k f S $ f kd f f kH $ f kd pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmf ud,pm;vS,f (43) fl S f G h $ f k f OD; wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 23? yef;waemfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ref;!Gef@odef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ref!e@f oe;f onf yef;waemfrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf G d J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (21353) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (59 13) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? yef;waemfrd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifcsi;f az/ trd aomif;=unfw@dk rS f hJ 1949 ckEp/f rwfv (15) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? ref;!Ge@f oe;f onf yef;waemfrd/ taemuf&yf S G h d tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ yef;waemfrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ =unfjh rifwif tpd;k &txufwef; dk ausmif; trSwf (3) wk@d wif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D &efue0ZmESioywuUovrS odyb@GJ (ocsm) G k f d hf d H` kd f H` F &&Sconf? 1974 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd rd e,fjynfo@l aumifp0if (tcseyi;f )/ yef;waemfrd e,f/ jyvif;/ d hJ Sf Sf D d f kd rde;f rajy;&Gm wGzuftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;wk@d wif wGzufausmif;q&m/ J G J 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rkd ua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifconf? yef;waemfrde,f hS Sf D hJ trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyfOuUtjzpf wm0ef,conf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif kd l hJ S f G jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; yaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;yaumf rwD O uU xH vd y f r l I vuf r S w f a &;xd k ; wif o G i f ; cJ h o l jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tyg t0ifjzpfonf? $ f kd f 24? zsmyHkre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;aomif;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;wifonf zsmyHk rde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19073) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (63 03) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? zsmyHk rd e,f/ tvef;zvGw&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f a&$/ trd a':ode;f wk@d rS hJ fG 1944 ckEp/f rwfv (1) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;aomif;wifonf tvef;zvGw&m tpd;k &rlvwef; S G h fG ausmif;/ zsmyHk rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ pD;yGm;a&;wuUovf (&efue) wd@k wif ynmoif kd kf G =um;cJ+h yD;/ 1966 ckEpwif pduysK;d a&;abm*aA'bJ@G &&Sconf? 1967 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd tpd;k & Sf G k f d hJ Sf Sf txufwef;ausmif;/ jrif;uuke;f ESifh tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2)/ zsmyHw@kd wif txufwef;jy k G q&m/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif zsmyHwuUovausmif;om; hS Sf D kd k kd f a[mif;rsm;or*~ OuU/ zsmyHk rde,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 1991 kd l hJ ckEp/f ZGev (26) &ufae@wif OD;aomif;wifu rdronf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfuu,pm;yI S f G d kd kd kd f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oljzpfa=umif;/ tcktcg rdru,f pm;y f kd f f H d kd xm;aom trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzJ@G Eihf {&m0wDwi;f pnf;H;k a&;tzJ@G w@dk kd k f S dk onf csrwxm;aom pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf; rl0g'wd@k EitnD av;pm;vkuemr_r&S=d uawmhbJ trsK;d om; S f S hf d f 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf zsmyHk rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;tzJ@G tm; wzufowfzsuor;f cJa=umif;/ ,if;a=umifh trsK;d om; kd f d h 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d) ESihf {&m0wDwi;f pnf; wk@d tay:wGif av;pm;,H=k unfrr&SawmhI aumfr&SixH kd k kd _ d f E_wxuciawmif;cHvmonftwGuf aumfr&Sionf OD;aomif;wiftm; 1991 ckEp/f ZGev (26) &uf f G f G hf h f S f ae@rpI Ekwxucihf yvkua=umif; a=unmcJonf? S f G fG d f h 25? zsmykHre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;rif;aqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rif;aqGonf zsmyHk rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20358) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (63 09) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? zsmyHk rd e,f/ usKH u'Ge;f &GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;zd;k usm;/ trd a':wifOwk@d rS 1944 hJ ckEp/f rwfv (16) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;rif;aqGonf usKH u'Ge;f tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ S G h zsmyHk rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wk@d wif (10) wef; atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh G onf? &efue0ZmESioywuUovEihf ynma&;wuUovw@kd rS odyb@GJ Eifh 0dZmynma&;bJ@G w@dk &&Sconf? k f d hf d H` kd f S kd f H` S d hJ 1967 ckEprS 1984 ckEptxd zsmyHk rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2)/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; Sf Sf trSw(1)/ ausmuf}u;D rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif txufwef;jyq&m/ 1977 ckEprS 1987 f G Sf txd rd e,fvrf;pOfvi,fpnf;H;k a&;r;/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D l hS Sf D kd wGif wuUovausmif;om;a[mif;rsm; or*~/ zsmyHwi'w,OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf?trsK;d om; kd f k Gfk d G f hJ 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyrd e,fpnf;H;k a&;r; wm0ef,conf? 1996 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (28) &ufae@wif kd l hJ S kd G {&m0wDwdkif;pnf;Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if wOD;jzpfol OD;rif;aqGESifh om;jzpfol rde,fvli,fwm0efcH udoe;f aqGw@kd tm; 1984 ckEp/f bmom&yfoif ud,yioifwef;Oya' yk'r 14 (c)/ 20 (u) (c) jzifh k d S k f kd f f zrf;qD;csKyaESmifjcif;cHc&+y;D / oifwef;q&mrSwywifu'fjym;ESihf bmom&yfoifu,yif oifwef;rSwywif f hJ f kH kd f kd f kH vufrwukd xkway;cJjh cif;/ 1984 ckEp/f bmom&yfoifu,yioifwef;Oya' vkyx;kH vkyenf;rsm;ESihf S f f S kd f dk f f f nDnwr&a=umif; pDppfawG@&&ojzifh rSwywifcihf ya=umif; ta=umif;=um;ygonf[k twdtvif; G f _ Sd Sd f kH G azmfjyxm;jcif;/ (1/ 6/ 96) rS (3/ 5/ 97) txd oif=um;cGi&onf[azmfjyxm;jcif;wd@k yg&ygvsuf OD;rif; hf Sd k Sd aqGukd 1984 ckEp/f bmom&yfoif ud,yioifwef;Oya' yk'r (22) (23) wd@k t& axmif'%f (3) ESpf S k f kd f f ESihf aiG'%f ( 30000d-) pDukd waygi;f wnf;uscap&ef jypf'%fcsrwcygonf// aiG'%fraqmifojzifh H S f hJ axmif'%f (9) v csrwconf? 2000 jynfEp/f rwfv (14) &ufae@wif OD;rif;aqGEiom;jzpfol udrsK;d rif; S f hJ hS G S hf k aqGw@kd (2) OD;tm; zsmyH&pcef;rSvma&mufac:aqmifI jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r (409) jzifh pm;azsmf kJ _ kd f f t&ufqirS wefz;kd aiG (70000) usyausmweft&ufrsm;udk OD;rif;aqGw@kd om;tzESpO;D rS vma&muf kd f f f f ,lom;r_jzifh tr_qifw&m;pGqconf? 2005 ckEp/f {+yv (9) &ufae@wif yvkyonfh zsmyHk rd tpd;k & G J kd hJ S D G f txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) q&muefawmhyo@kd zdw=f um;r_ry&ef tm%mydirsm;rS zdtm;ay;jcif; JG kf cHc&onfjh yif ZeD;jzpfol t+ir;f pm;ausmif;q&mra':pdewiftm; tvm;wl 2005 ckEp/f rwfv (27) hJ d f S &ufae@uyvkyonfh zsmyHk rd tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) q&muefawmhyo@kd zdw=f um;jcif; f JG ry&ef zdtm;ay;jcif;cHc&onf? hJ 26? bdkuav;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;0if;uif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;uionf bkuav;rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; df d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19953) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (51 68) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? bkuav;rd e,f/ urmuvlaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;ausmpe/f trda':=uif hJ d fd wifw@kd rS 1944 ckEp/f arv (26) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;0if;udionf a':ok"rRpm&Dausmif; h S G h f (bkuav;) ESihf OD;xGe;f armifausmif; (&efue) wk@d wif q,fwef;atmifonftxdvnf;aumif;/ ykorf d kf G d aumvdyEihf &efuewuUovw@dk wif odyH` (lyaA') bG@J &&Sonftxdvnf;aumif; ynmoif=um;cJonf? fS kf kd f G d h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f urmuvlwue,faq;Hk aqmufvya&; tzJ@G Eihf wGzuftpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif; (urmuvl) kd f kf S J wk@d wif OuUtjzpfaqmif&uconf? yifv,fxyaus;&GmwGif ud,yiqefpuf&onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 G G f hJ df k f kd f dS hS ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif &yfr&yfzwOD;tjzpf yg0ifconf? 1989 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v Sf D kd d hJ S D wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyo@kd 0ifconf? a'guwmpde0if;OD;aqmifaom pifyitpd;k &tm; axmufcH kd f hJ f f df aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (250) wGif ryg0ifcaomfvnf; *ENa=unmpmwrf;udk vufrwa&;xk;d f kd f hJ D S f cJhonf? bkduav;rde,f wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD/ iydacsmif;aus;&GmrJHkudk,fpm;vS,f OD;jr[efu OD;0if;uif tEdi&&SaomrJrsm;onf w&m;rJh yusi&mrS&&ScjhJ cif;jzpfa=umif;pGypvsuf a&G; kf d hf d f JG aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;xm;I a&G;aumufyGJcHktrSwf (2) wGif =um;emppfaq;cJhonf? bduav;rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpfwm0ef,conf? k kd G l hJ 27? bduav;re,frqENe,f trSwf (2)? k J a'gufwmpdefjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmpdejf rifonf bduav;rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f h k J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (28259) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (54 3) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;oef;xGe;f (armfue;f 0ifyxrqif)/ trd a':cifpew@kd rS 1955 ckEp/f {+yv hJ G h df S D (2) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? bkuav;rd e,f/ u'Huedaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? a'guwmpdejf rifonf G h d k f h q,fwef;atmifonftxd bduav;rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wGif tajccHynm k oif=um;cJI q&m0efb@GJ ukd aq;wuUovf (1) rS 1980 jynfEpwif &&Sconf? 1980-81 ckEpwif h kd h S f G d hJ Sf G tvkyoifq&m0ef/ 1981 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd ud,yiaq;cef; (u'Hued/ bduav;) zGivpconf? f Sf Sf k f kd f k k hf S f hJ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif rdom;pkEitwl &efuef rd / uefawmf hS Sf D kd S hf k uav;wGia&mufaecduyg0ifconf? 1989 ckEp/f {+yv (10) &ufae@wif a':atmifqef;pk=unfEitzJ@G f k f hJ S D G S fh u'Huedaus;&Gmod@k pnf;H;k a&;c&D;vma&mufpOf wnf;ckd ypkrwm0ef,conf? 1989 ckEp/f =o*kwv k _ l hJ S f (9) &ufae@wif Ekiiawmftm; aESmif,uzsuq;D vdorsm;.tE &m,frS umuG,apmifa&Smufonfh G dfH h S f f k l W f h Oya' yk'r 10 (u) t& ykoraxmifY zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc& +y;D 1989 ckEp/f atmufwbmv f df hJ S kd (30) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? *ENtpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufconf? a&G;aumufyuef@uuvm G G f D hJ JG G f $ wifoi;f jcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyctzJ@G (2) rS =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHc&onf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) G JG kH hJ S f &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&; G $ f kd f S $ f kd f f kH twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l $ f kd f fl S f G h v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? f kd f 28? rtlyifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cspfoef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;cspoef;onf rtlyifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif wdi;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwD f J k G f tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (23861) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (47 92) jzifh k f S f hJ k f kH k kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;wifat;/ trd a':pdeE@JG w@kd rS 1946 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (18) f hJ f S k
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? "EkjzLrde,f/ ESusK;d aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;cspoef;onf ESusK;d tpd;k & G h J f J rlvwef;ausmif;/ ZvGeaumhwyf}u;D tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ "EkjzLtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;wd@k f wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1980 jynfEpwif pmay;pm,ljzifh &efuewuUovrS Oya'bG@J &&Sconf? hSf G kf kd f d hJ 1971 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd "EkjzLrd e,fygw,epf aumfrwD0if/ rd e,f awmifov,form;aumifpD Sf Sf D l l twGif;a&;r;/ A[dkawmifolv,form;aumifpD0if/ tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf (22) qif;/ rtlyifrd e,f ygw,epf pnf;aumfrwD0if/ rd e,fawmifov,form;tpnf;tH;k ud,pm;vS,tjzpf D l l k f f aqmif&uconf? G f hJ 29? rtlyifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSjrifonf rtlyifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,pm; h J kd f k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (25835) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (55 4) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? rtlyifrd e,f/ oHjzLpk&mZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wif/h trd a':yHw@dk rS 1924 ckEpwif arG;zGm;cJh hJ G k Sf G onf? OD;vSjrifonf oHjzLpk&mtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ ckEptrwef;tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;wk@d wif h G Sf df G ckEpwef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1942 ckEprS 1945 ckEptxd Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtif Sf h Sf Sf G f kd at)/ ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at)/ ArmhrsK;d cspwyfrawmf (yDAtufz) wk@d wif &Jabmf/ 'k@d Arm f D f D f G tpnf;H;k 0if/ 1949 ckEprS 1958 ckEptxd (A-w-v-p)/ (p-y-u-o)/ (wD-,l-pD-bD) twGi;f a&;r; Sf Sf (yef;waemf)/ 1958 ckEprS 1962 ckEptxd rtlyifcdif (y-x-p) twGi;f a&;r;/ 1953 ckEprS 1958 Sf Sf k Sf ckEptxd vufaxmufcki0efxrf;r; (v,f,majr Ekiiyif yvkya&;) rtlyif/ 1964 ckEprS 1966 Sf df d f H kd f Sf ckEptxd a0,Hu|e;f bke;f }u;D ausmif; rlvwef;q&m/ 1967 ckEprS 1980 jynfEptxd ukeo,v,f,m Sf Sf hSf f G f 0efxrf; (rtlyif)/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif rd rd/ rd z (13) hS Sf D kd OD;tzJ@G wif yg0ifconf? vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if (yxrqif) &&Sconf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf G hJ f G h d hJ kd wdi;f }u;D =uyfr_ acgi;f aqmifwm0ef,conf? 1996 ckEpwif 0wW&m;aESmif,urj_ zifh w&m;pGqI axmif k l hJ Sf G h S f J kd '%fcsrwjf cif;cHc&onf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD S hJ S f G $ f kd f ESihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD OuU $ f kd f f kH $ f kd f xH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpf fl S f G h $ f kd f onf? 30? armfvrifu|ef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSazonf armfvriu|e;f rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; df J kd f ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (24960) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (53 03) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? tz OD;armifqif (ky&irefae*sm)/ trd a':tke;f oifw@kd rS 1927 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v hJ dk f S f kH S D (19) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;vSazonf armfvriu|e;f rd OD;armifaxG;txufwef;ausmif;ESihf G h df rd rtxufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif (10) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? ausmif;om;or*~Eihf ausmif;om; G h S
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f oHr%dwyfz@JG Xmer;/ ajrmif;jrcdiausmif;om;or*~ tvkytr_aqmifjzpfc+hJ y;D / ausmif;om;oydwEihf kf f fS Armhvwvyfa&;twGuf t*Fvye,fcsJ qef@usia&;wduyrsm;wGif 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k / vuf;kH wyfrsm; G f df f k f JG ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&uconf? 1942 ckEprS 1945 ckEptwGi;f armfvriu|e;f rd / rD;owftpnf;tH;k wGif G f hJ Sf Sf df yg0ifc&if; zufqpf*syefrsm;udawmfve&ef ajratmufawmfvea&;twGuf jynfo@l ta&;awmfyygwD hJ k Sf Sf kH twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1951 ckEprS 1961 ckEptxd ygvreftrwf (armfvrif hJ Sf Sf D d u|e;f )/ ygvreftwGi;f 0ef (0g;c,frawmifyi;f )/ 1946 ckEprS 1958 ckEptwGi;f armfvriu|e;f rd e,f D kd Sf Sf df Armjynfqdk&S,fvpfygwDESifh ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mawmifolv,form;tpnf;tHk; twGif;a&;r;tjzpf vnf;aumif;/ ajrmif;jrcdiq&,vpfygwEihf (z-q-y-v) tzG@J twGi;f a&;r;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ k f kd S f DS v,f,majrEdiiyif yvkya&;0ef}u;D Xme ygvreftwGi;f 0eftjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&uconf? 1958 k f H kd f D G f hJ ckEprS 1962 ckEptwGi;f {&m0wDwi;f (z-q-y-v) tzG@J twGi;f a&;r;ESihf (A-w-v-p) XmecsKyf Sf Sf kd wGzuftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; (pnf;H;k a&;) wm0ef,conf? 1968 ckEprS 1967 ckEpf txd yd@k aqmif J l hJ Sf S qufo,a&;0ef}u;D XmewGif nEi;f a&;t&m&Stjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pDrue;f ESivyief;aqmif&ua&; OD;pD; G f d d_ d H d hf k f G f XmewGif wdi;f OD;pD;r;tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1986 ckEpwif wdi;f OD;pD;r; tjzpfrS k hJ Sf G k t+ir;f pm;,lconf? vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if (yxrqif)/ jynfaxmifporRw a&$wqyq/k Edii*%&nf d hJ f G h k H d f k f hH k f ('kw,qif) wd@k &&Sconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif vGwf d h d hJ hS Sf D kd vyfa&;wduytpOftvm&Sc=hJ uaom Ediia&;&Jabmfrsm;ESitwl jynfow&yfv;kH .qENjzpfonfh 'Dru k f JG d kfH hf l kd a&pDtpd;k &ay:aygua&;twGuf a=unmcsuxwjf yefjcif;/ ygw*%;f *%uif;&Si;f aom wckwnf;aom f f k D kd awmifov,form;tzG@J ay:aygu&ef aqG;aEG;ndEi;f +yD; (,m,D) tajccHrsm;zG@J conf? trsK;d om;'Drkd l f _d hJ ua&pDtzG@J csKywif A[kO;D pD;tzG@J 0if/ A[kawmifov,form;tzJ@G twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? f G d d l G f hJ yJc;l wdi;f pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J 0ifwm0ef yl;wGaqmif&uconf? {&m0wDwi;f pnf;H;k a&;tzJ@G 0ifwm0ef,conf? k J G f hJ dk l hJ 1991 ckEp/f rwfv (26) &ufae@wif jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onfh A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J wif tzG@J 0iftjzpf S G k f G wd;k jriwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wif zG@J pnf;cJonfh jynfo@l hf hJ S G h v$wawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDwif tzG@J 0ifjzpfvmcJonf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@wif jzpfym;cJh f kd f G h S G G onfh 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uwucuowfjzwfrj_ zpfym;pOf etzrS aetdrtus,csKyjf zpfh xde;f odr;f J H kd f kd f G f f xm;cJ&mrS 2003 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (23) &ufae@wif jyefvwonf? h S k G G f 31? armfvrifu|ef;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifvS/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifvonf armfvriu|e;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf S df J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20317) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (51 81) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? OD;bd;k aomf.om; jzpfonf? 1936 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (4) &ufae@ f hJ S kd zGm; jzpfonf? armfvriu|e;f rd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;wifvonf armfvriu|e;f rd tpd;k &txufwef; df S df ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? 1964 ckEpwif a':aX;aX;ESihf vufxyfconf? ud,yif h Sf G hJ k f kd pD;yGm;a&;vkyuionf? vlra&;wGif jynfv;kH csr;f oma*gyutzJ@G 'kw,OuU/ rd r (4) or0g,r twGi;f f kd f _ d a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? G f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 32? ajrmif;jrre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmif=uif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmif=uifonf ajrmif;jrrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (27446) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (53 22) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1957 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (3) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? ajrmif;jrrd Zmwd jzpfonf? hJ S D G OD;armif=uif.om; jzpfonf? OD;atmif=uifonf 1974 ckEpwif q,fwef;udk t*Fvypm*k%x;l jzifh Sf G df f atmifjrifI 1981 ckEpwif odyH` (lyaA') bJ@G &&Sconf? ajrmif;jrrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif Sf G d hJ kd G pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwvtwGi;f wGif w&m;r0ifA',acGrsm; vuf0,fxm;&Sd l hJ S f D D kd onfqum tm%mydirsm;. tr_qifzrf;qD;jcif;cHc&onf? kd kf hJ 33? ajrmif;jrre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdk;rif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pk;d rif;onf ajrmif;jrrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m ckivrJ (26725) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (5881) jzifh a&G;cs,wif S f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1956 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (17) &ufae@zm;jzpfonf? OD;tke;f az.om;jzpfonf? hJ S D G OD;pk;d rif;onf 1977 ckEpwif q,fwef;atmifjrifI 1980-81 ckEpwif ykoraumvdyrS jrefrmpmt"du Sf G Sf G df f jzifh 0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? rdbvufiuvuf&if; jrefrmhaq;ynmjzifh toufarG;onf? ajrmif;jrrde,f/ d hJ k f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpf wm0ef,conf? 1999 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (26) &uf kd G l hJ S D ae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuconf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wif G $ f kd f f f G f hJ S f G usi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsuf f hJ kd k f t& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSw/f 041pnf; (pnf;H;k )99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drkd S f JG ua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? k f k f h jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1434) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wydkwGJvqef; 10 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 26 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;pd;k rif;tm; {&m0wDwi;f / ajrmif;jrre,f/ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf kd $ f J (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm; $ f kd f f H &oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS {&m0wDwi;f / ajrmif;jr D kH D kd JG G kd kd rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G; $ f J $ f kd f f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;pd;k rif;u rdronf use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrtm; jynfo@l vwf H d d $ awmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENt kd f f H f G fG av#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f h 2? txufyg OD;pd;k rif;.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r f f $ f JG f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;pd;k rif;tm; ,ae@rpI ajrmif;jrrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf f hf S $ f J (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf y $ f kd f f H f G fG vdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; 34? jrefatmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifO;D onf jrefatmifrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20248) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 62) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1941 ckEp/f ZGev (1) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? [oFmwrd e,f/ ydawmufue;f hJ S f G k aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;bat;.om; jzpfonf? OD;wifO;D onf 1968 ckEpwif &efue0ZmESihf odyH` Sf G kfd wuUovrS 0dZmbJ@G &&Sconf? vufaxmufrd ydioifwef;wufc+hJ y;D 1969 ckEpwif vufaxmufrd ydif kd f d hJ kf Sf G k tifyifrd e,fcGJ (jrefatmif)/ 1971 ckEpwif 'kw,OD;pD;r; (jrefatmif)/ 1974 ckEpwif txufwef; Sf G d Sf G a&Saepmar;yGatmifjrifconf? 1974 ckEpwif rde,faumifptwGi;f a&;r; / 1977 ckEpwif ygwrS J hJ Sf G D Sf G D oef@pifjcif;cHc&onf? 1977-78 ckEpwif 'k;kH tzJ@G r; / rde,faumifp/D pvif;rd (rauG;wki;f )/ 1978 hJ Sf G d ckEpwif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? xd@k aemuf txufwef;a&Sae tjzpf vduygaqmif&uonf? Sf G d hJ k f G f 35? jrefatmifre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;jrifhod%f;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;jrifo%;f onf jrefatmifrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h d J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (31160) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (70 32) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? jrefatmifrd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;rl/ trd a':ndKwd@k rS 1955 ckEp/f =o*kwv hJ S f (4) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;jrifo%;f onf 1973 ckEpwif jrefatmif tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS G h h d Sf G (10) wef;atmifjrifI 1976 ckEpwif ykoraumvdyY wwd,ESpf (ocsm) wufaepOf rwfvausmif; Sf G df f F om;ta&;tcif;wGif wufupmyg0ifcojzifh yk'r (5) jzifh (2) ESpf zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1982 GG hJ f hJ ckEpwif ocsmt"dujzihb@GJ &cJonf? usL&Sivyief;jzifh toufarG;onf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ Sf G F f h f kf hS Sf jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif a&Swef;rSwufuGpGmyg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsKd;om; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jrefatmifrd e,f pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J OuUtjzpf wm0ef,conf? kd l hJ 2004 ckEp/f rwfv (6) &ufae@/ eHeuf(11 ; 00)em&Dwif uG,veconf? rwfv (7) &ufae@ S G f G f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f o* vonfh psmyetcrf;tem;wGif =ucif;rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;kH;a&;tzG@J 0if f H kd rsm;/ jrefatmifrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ rd e,fEi&yfuuf aus;&Gmpnf;k;H a&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf kd S hf G yef;waemf/ usKaysmf rd e,frsm;rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tygt0if jrefatmifrd e,f jynfol H $ f kd f f vlxo;kH aomif;cef@u pnfum;oduf rupm vduygy@kd aqmif=uonf? k k d fG k f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy. jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf jrefatmifrd e,frS ta&G; kd f $ f kd f f cs,fcH&+yD;onfhaemufydkif;wGifvnf; ygwDwm0ef/ wdkif;jynfwm0efrsm;udk wufuGckdif=unfpGm xrf; aqmifcojl zpfonf? 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@wif jzpfym;cJonfh 'Dy,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uH hJ S G G h J wducuowfjzwfrta&;tcif;twGuvnf; trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS vkyazmfuibuf jynfo@l k f kd f _ f kd f kd f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESitwly;l aygi;f vsuf w&m;cHtppftrSersm; azmfxwa&;twGuf awmif; f kd f f hf f k f qdkcJhonf? ZeD;jzpform 1999 ckEpuyifu,veEic+hJ y;D / uG,vecsewif orD; roef@ZifZifoe;f / om; lS Sf G f G f S hf f Gf df G d z;d pnfo[e;f ESihf om;i,f z;d nDooe;f wd@k oH;k OD;use&pfconf? l d l d f hJ 36? a&=unfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;!Gef@0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Ge@f 0if;onf a&=unfrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (28327) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (62 66) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ykorf rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;btke;f / trd a':xGm;wd@k rS 1939 ckEpwiarG;zGm; hJ d Sf Gf cJonf? OD;!Ge@f 0if;onf 0dZmbJ@G Eiynma&;'Dyvkrm&&Sconf? 1958 ckEprS 1960 jynfEptxd ykorf h S hf d d hJ Sf hSf d aumvdyausmif;om; twGi;f a&;r;/ OuU/ 1961 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd tv,fwef;jy/ txufwef; f Sf Sf jy/ vufaxmufynma&;r; (ykorta&S/ ykortaemuf/ iykawm/ o&uf/ yif;w,/ a&=unf) 1350 df df jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif a&=unfrd e,f/ +ir;f csr;f pGmvlxqENazmf hS Sf D kd d k xkwa&;aumfrwD OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (4) &ufae@rS 1988 f G f hJ S kd ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (2) &ufae@txd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1988 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (1) &ufae@wif S k hJ S k G vufaxmufynma&;r;wm0efrS t+ir;f pm;ay;jcif;cHc&onf? {&m0wDwi;f pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf d hJ kd aqmif&uconf? 1996 ckEpwif rd &GmESihf td;k tdrz@HG z;d a&;OD;pD;XmerS if;ESirom;pkaexdi&m ykorf rd / G f hJ Sf G f hf d kf d jynfawmfomwdu/f trSwf (52) rS twif;tusyz,f&m;cdi;f ojzifh z,f&m;ay;cJ&onf? 2004 ckEp/f k f S k S h S =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; f G $ f kd f S $ f kd f f awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;y aumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol kH $ f kd f fl S f G h jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? $ f kd f 37? a&=unfre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifonf a&=unfrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivr (26740) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (59 07) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? ig;odi;f acsmif;rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;a&$azmh/ trd a':pdewifw@dk rS 1922 hJ k f h ckEp/f pufwifbmv (23) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;armifarmifonf &efuewuUovrS 0dZmbG@&I S G h kf dk f J 0dZm*k%x;l wef;aemufq;kH ESpf +y;D qH;k onftxdynmoif=um;cJonf? tm&Svi,f/ z-q-y-v vli,f f h l wGzuftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;ESihf (wnf+rJ) z-q-y-v A[ktvkytr_aqmif/ 1952 ckEprS 1958 J d f Sf ckEptxd ygvreftwGi;f 0ef/ jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D Xme/ ygvreftrwf (a&=unfig;odi;f acsmif;)/ 1968 Sf D D k ckEprS 1986 ckEptxd tzJ@G 0if (yifv,fu;l oabFmESifh ud,pm;vS,vyief;)/ 'kw,taxGaxGrefae*sm Sf Sf k f f kf d ([kw,fEiw;dk &pf)/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifconf? d S fh hS Sf D kd hJ Ekii*%&nf ('kw,qif) &onf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf A[kO;D pD; (ukeo,pD;yGm;) acgi;f aqmif d f Hh k f d h kd d f G f wm0ef,conf? *ENq;kH jzwfcsutwdi;f e0wrS v$wawmfac:ray;v#if vkyaqmif&rnfenf;vrf; l hJ D f k f f h oH;k oG,pmwef;udk wkiyifa&;om;ypk&mwGiyg0ifcojzifh oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc& f df f hJ dk f hJ onf? 38? vyGwmre,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? W J OD;=unf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unf0if;onf vyGwmrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; W J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (23483) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (66 83) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? vyGwmrdZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;aomif;pde/f trd a':usipew@kd rS 1946 hJ W fdf ckEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;=unf0if;onf 0dZm (Oya') bJ@G Eihf Oya'0dZmbJ@G & w&m;H;k S G h S csKyfa&Sae jzpfonf? 1988 ckEpwif a':ar$;ar$;ESihf vufxyfconf? vyGwma&Saetoif; twGi;f a&;r;/ Sf G hJ W 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbm hS Sf D kd hJ S v (19) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (1) &ufae@txd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? vyGwmrd e,f S k hJ W trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpf wm0ef,conf? kd G l hJ 39? vyGwWmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmat;=uL/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmat;=uLonf vyGwmrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J f W J kd csKyftm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19676) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (56 82) jzifh k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? &efuef rdZmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (29) &ufae@zm; f hJ k S D G jzpfonf? OD;a&$ze;f .om;jzpf onf? a'guwmat;=uLonf rlvwef;ynmukd wGaw;rd wGif oif=um;cJI k f H h wmarGtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) rS (10) wef;atmifjrif+y;D 1977 ckEpwif aq;wuUovf Sf G kd (1)&efuerS q&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1980 jynfEpwif a':cifcifuiEihf vufxyfconf? ud,yiaq;cef; kf d hJ hSf G dfS hJ k f kd f zGivpvyuionf? vyGwmrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKywif pnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpf wm0ef,conf? hf S f k f kd f W kd f G l hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 40? av;rsufESmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pDarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pDarmifonf av;rsuEmrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; fS J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (16041) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (72 9) jzifh a&G;cs,wif k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? av;rsuEmrd e,f/ cH}k u;D Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;armif&e/f trd a':ode;f wd@k rS 1947 hJ fS dS ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? wOD;wnf;aomom; jzpfonf? OD;pDarmifonf av;rsufESmrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS e0rwef;atmifjrifcJhI [oFmwrdtpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;rS wuUov0ifwef;atmifjrifconf? ykoraumvdyEihf &efuewuUovw@kd wif pdwynm kd f hJ df fS kf kd f G f 'kw,ESptxdynmoif=um;cJonf? &efuewuUovwiynmoif=um;aepOf 1962 ckEp/f Zlvif (7)&uf d f h kf kd f G f S kd ta&;tcif;ESiywfoufI ausmif;xkwcc&onf? ,if;aemuf &yfuuvkH ca&;ESihf tkycsKyfraumfrwD hf f H hJ G f H f _ pma&;tjzpf (5) cef@ 0ifa&mufvyuiconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&; k f kd f hJ hS Sf D kd awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? 1970 jynfEpwif a': jrifpeEivufxyfconf? av;rsuEmrd e,f trsK;d om; hJ hSf G h d f S hf hJ fS 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpfwm0ef,conf? rE av;rd wGif pifyitpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;/ awm kd G l hJ W df wGi;f ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;wk@d EiywfoufI 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmvESihf atmufwbmvtwGi;f S hf hS dk v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0;rsm;yvky&mwGiyg0ifca=umif; ppfaq;ay:ayguojzifh ta&;,l&efaqmif&uf aepOf f f f hJ f G xGuajy;wdr;f a&Smifom;I oufqi&mrS w&m;cHajy;tjzpfowfrwa=umif; 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZif bmv f G dk f S f hS (4) &ufae@wif a=unmcJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@ G h kd hS &ufpGJygpmtrSwf - 745pnf;90 jzifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif ,lxm;onfhwm0ef rsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; &yfqi;f cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 S kd h kd jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (24) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 758pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. hS JG kd v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpftodtrSwfyxm;jcif;udk zsufodrf;cJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ arv (16) &ufae@xwf vkyom;owif;pmwGif OD;pDarmifEiywfoufIowif;wyk'yg&onf? OD;pDarmifonf av; k f S hf f dS rsuEmrd e,f/ taemuf;kd rawmifay:&Sd 0g;awmufacsmif;teD;wGif ,m,Dwx;dk xm;+y;D yke;f atmifaepOf fS J 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (30) &ufae@wif iSuzsm;a&m*gjzihaoqH;k oGm;a=umif;/ if;ESitwlaexkic=hJ u S D G f f hf df aom awmifuav;&Gmom; OD;pdearmifEicifarmif0if;/ rSeuef&mom;zd;k ode;f wd@k rS oufqi&mok@d xkwf f S hf f G kd f azmf0efcowif;ay;=uojzihf tcif;jzpf&mod@k om;a&mufppfaq;&m OD;pDarmif.tavmif;udk awG@&c& H G dS hJ onf? OD;pDarmifaoqH;k onfrmrSeuefa=umif; qdi&mrS twnfycJonf? ok@d jzpfI a&G;aumufyaumfr&Sif S f kf h JG rSvnf; 1991 ckEp/f Zefe 0g&v (30) &ufae@wif OD;pDarmifu,veom;a=umif;ESihf a&G;aumufwif S D G G f Gf G ajrmufc&aomtrnfpm&if;rS y,fzsua=umif;a=unmcJonf? H f h 41? av;rsufESmre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;qef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef;jrifonf av;rsuEmrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; h fS J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (15644) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 86) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? a&=unfrd e,f/ tokwZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;cspat;/ trd a':at;wifw@dk rS hJ f f f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1950 jynfEp/f arv (2) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;qef;jrifonf &efuewuUovrS Oya'bJ@G & hS G h h kf kd f w&m;H;k csKya&Saejzpfonf? 1980 jynfEpwif a':oef;oef;axG; (tkioy) ESihf vufxyfconf? av;rsuf f hSf G df hJ ESmrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,conf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd G l hJ kd av;rsuEmrd e,f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxuc+hJ y;D aemuf 2000 jynfEp/f {+yv fS $ f kd f f f G f hS D (5) &ufae@ eHeuf (7) em&Dwif av;rsuEmrd e,f tdioyaus;&GmY tcrf;tem;yvkyI OD;qef;jrifrS G fS kf f h tjrifrm;/ tawG;rSm;/ tvkyrm;aeaom trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS pGe@f cmcJ&onfta=umif;&if;udk S fS kd G h h &Si;f vif;wifjycJonf? h 42? 0g;c,frre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifatmifonf 0g;c,frrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (26595) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (32 65) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 0g;c,frrd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;armifcsK/d trd a':tke;f arwk@d rS 1944 ckEp/f hJ S Zlviv (22) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;wifatmifonf wm0wom tpd;k & rlvwef;ausmif;/ kd f G h 0g;c,frrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D &efuewuUovrS 0dZm (Oya') G kf kd f bJ@G Eihf Oya'0dZmbJ@G w@dk ukd 1972-73 ckEpwif &&Sconf? 1974 ckEprpI w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saetjzpf S Sf G d hJ SfS vduyg aqmif&uconf? k f G f hJ 43? 0g;c,frre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? Adkvfr;}uD;oufa0 (t+idrf;pm;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? (uG,fvGef) Advr; }u;D oufa0 (t+ir;f pm;) onf 0g;c,frrd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif wdi;f &if;om; k f d J k pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwtm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of ydic&m cdivrJ (17893) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&m G f D k f S f hJ k f kH k cdiEe;f (43 09) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? &efuef rd Zmwd jzpfonf? 1928 ckEp/f ZGev kf_ f hJ k S f (3) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;bb.om; jzpfonf? Advr; }uD;oufa0 (t+idr;f pm;) onf Oypm0dZm G k f txufwef;txd &efuewuUovwif ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1949 ckEpwif t*FvefEiiH (MONS) kf kd f G h Sf G kd f Advoifwef;qif; 'kw,Adv/f 1952 ckEpwif t*Fvefwif tajrmufwyfcr; oifwef;ESihf 1955-56 k f d k Sf G G JG ckEpwif tar&duefjynfaxmifpwif wef;jriftajrmufynmoifwef;wufconf? 1956 ckEpwif S f G k G h hJ S f G tajrmufenf;jy ppfO;D pD;wuUov/f 1960-61 ckEpwif wkw-jrefrm e,fjcm;owfrwa&;tzG@J acgi;f kd Sf G f S f aqmif/ 1962 ckEprS 1970 jynfEptxd wyf&if;r;/ A[dEihf tajrmufwyf (2)/ 1964 ckEprS 1966 Sf hSf kS Sf ckEpwif cdivkH cHa&;ESitycsKyfraumfrwDOuU vm;d;_ / 1971 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd wkwEiiH Sf G kf hf k f _ Sf Sf f kd f jrefrmhppfo/H 1974 ckEprS 1976 ckEptxd 'kw,!e=f um;a&;r; uu (oH)/ 1976 ckEprS 1978 ckEptxd Sf Sf d Sf Sf jrefrmaumifppf0efcsKyf a[mifaumifu|e;f / 1978 ckEprS 1986 ckEptxd !e=f um;a&;r; uu (oH)/ Sf Sf 1986 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD A[daumfrwD0if (XmecsKyf/ tcsejf ynf)/ Sf Sf kd S f k d h ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at)/ ArmhrsK;d cspwyfrawmf (yDbtufz) wGif yg0ifcI armfue;f 0if f D f D f hJ G ('kw,qif) &cJonf? aZ,sausmxifEihf xl;c|ewqyf (3) ck&cJonf? d h h f S f H d h
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 44? omaygi;f re,frqENe,f trSwf (1)? J OD;vSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSjrifonf omaygi;f rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f h J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (14846) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (59 33) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? omaygi;f rd e,f/ xef;yl;rus;D uke;f &GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f armif/ trd a':oli,fr hJ wk@d rS 1947 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (24) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;vSjrifonf 0dZm (Oya')/ Oya'0dZmESihf S D G h h txufwef;a&Saepmar;yJw@dk ukd atmifjrifxm;onfh w&m;H;k csKyfa&Saejzpfonf? 1970 jynfEpwif G hSf G a':cifte;f jrifEivufxyfconf? ykorf rda&Saersm;toif;. twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf (10) ESpf aqmif k h S hf hJ d &Guconf? f hJ 45? omaygif;re,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;0if;onf omaygi;f rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (17509) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 96) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? omaygi;f rd e,f/ uif;wyfaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;[efpe/f trd a':,Ofjr hJ d wk@d rS 1947 ckEp/f arv (25) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? OD;oef;0if;onf &efue0ZmESioywuUovrS S G h k f d hf d H` kd f 1968 ckEpwif 0dZm (yx0D) bJ@G &&Sconf? 1968 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd tv,fwef;jyq&m (ynma&; Sf G d hJ Sf Sf Xme)/ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifconf? 1988 ckEp/f hS Sf D kd hJ S pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (22) &ufae@txd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif; S kd cHc&onf? 1989 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (1) &ufae@rpI wm0efrS t+ir;f pm;,lci&cJonf? xd@k aemuf vuf hJ S D S d G hf h orm;tvkyjf zifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;cJonf? omaygi;f rd e,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif wm0ef h kd G ,lconf? 1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (23) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS EkwxuchJ hJ S D G $ f kd f f f G f onf? 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &ufae@wiusi;f yyvkyconfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dtvkyf S f Gf f hJ kd k tr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& 1999 ckEp/f ZGev (14) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSw/f f S f JG 041pnf;(pnf;H;k )99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud,pm;ryawmhonfh ud,pm; kd k f k f vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? h jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1442) (1360 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 9 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 23 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;oef;0if;tm; {&m0wDwi;f / omaygi;f re,f/ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,f trSwf kd $ f J
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (2) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajrmuf cHxm;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yjcif;? f G fG 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS {&m0wDwi;f / omaygi;f D kH D kd JG G kd kd rde,f jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G; $ f J $ f kd f f aumufwifajrmufcxm;&ol OD;oef;0if;u rdronf use;f rma&;tajctaea=umifh qufvufwm0ef H d xrf;aqmif Edipr;f r&Sawmhojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm; kfG d $ f kd f f H &oltjzpfrS Ekwxucihf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio@kd wifjycJygonf? f G fG f h 2? txufyg OD;oef;0if;.wifjycsut& Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r f f $ f JG f 11/ yk'rcGJ (i) ESitnD OD;oef;0if;tm; ,ae@rpI omaygi;f rd e,f jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,f f hf S $ f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwxuf $ f kd f f H f G cGihf yvdua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; 46? [oFmwre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;jroef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jroef;onf [oFmwrde,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; J kd ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (39479) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (58 31) jzifh a&G;cs,f k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? "rBZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f armif/ trd a':apmwifw@dk .om; jzpfonf? hJ D OD;jroef;onf &efuef rd pdeaygvausmif;ESihf rd rtrsK;d om;ausmif;wd@k wif t*Fvy-jrefrm e0rwef;txd k f f G df ynmoif=um;cJonf? 'd@k Armtpnf;tH;k / tm&Svi,f0if/ Armhvwvyfa&; wyfrawmf (bDtiat)/ h l G f kd f Armh umuG,a&;wyfrawmf (bD'at)/ ArmhrsK;d cspwyfrawmf (yDAtufz) wk@d wif ppfa&;/ Ekiia&;t& f D f D f G dfH yg0ifcI vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0if (yxr) qif&&Sconf? 1945 ckEprS 1947 ckEptxd jynfo@l &Jabmf hJ f G h d hJ Sf Sf ppfacgi;f aqmif/ 1948 ckEprS 1958 ckEpf txd z-q-y-v cditr_aqmifEifh vli,ftwGi;f a&;r;/ Sf S kf S 1958 ckEprS 1960 jynfEptxd wnf+rJ z-q-y-v [oFmwajrmuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f Sf hSf $ f kd f tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcc&onf? y-x-p ESihf r-q-v vufxuf rnfonftzJ@G wirS ryg0ifcyJ H hJ h Gf hJ 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifconf? [oFmwrd e,f trsK;d hS Sf kd hJ om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf rd e,fpnf;H;k a&;r; wm0ef,conf? kd l hJ 47? [oFmwre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmaZmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guwmaZmfjrifonf [oFmwrd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pD tzG@J csKyf f h J kd tm; ud,pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (48758) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (68 34) jzifh a&G; k f S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? armfvrif rd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;azwif/ trd a':=uifjrwk@d rS 1943 f hJ d
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (2) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? a'guwmaZmfjrifonf armfvrif pde@f yx&pfausmif;/ S k G h f h d rE av; vzke;f ausmif;/ &efuerufo'pftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (,ck '*H-1)/ armfvrdif tpd;k & W kf k txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) wd@k wif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ&m wuUov0ifwef;udk lyaA'*k%x;l jzifh G h dk f f atmifjrifI xl;c|eq&cJonf? 1969 ckEpwif oGm;bufqi&maq;wuUovrS (bD'tufp) oGm;buf f k h Sf G kd f kd f D f qki&mq&m0efb@GJ &&Sconf? 1971 ckEprS 1988 ckEptxd oGm;bufqi&mq&m0ef armfvriausmif; df d hJ Sf Sf kd f df use;f rma&;Xme/ rif;wyf (csi;f jynfe,f)/ [oFmwESiiykawm jynfo@l aq;H/k 1988 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv hf S k (11) &ufae@wif &mxl;rSEwxuconf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D G k f G f hJ hS Sf D kd wGif yg0ifconf? ud,yiaq;cef; zGivpvyuionf? 1973 ckEpwif a':cifoef;ESivufxyfconf? hJ k f kd f hf S f k f kd f Sf G hf hJ 29-9-1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@wif tr&yl&rd e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) jynfo@l hS G J v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrwif yvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&;v#Kd 0Sutpnf;ta0; f dk f f G f f od@k wufa&mufconf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif 'kw,*ENnvmcHac:,la&;/ ,m,Dtpk;d &zG@J pnf;a&;wk@d udk hJ d D D tm;wufoa&maqG;aEG;cJonf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@wif rE av;taemuf h hS G W awmifrde,f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf;kH wGif yvkyaom ,m,Dtpk;d &zJ@G pnf;a&; v#Kd 0Sutpnf; kd f f ta0;od@k vnf;wufa&mufconf? od@k twGuf oufqi&mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? ,if;aemuf hJ dk f hJ a'guwmaZmfjrifonf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r 122 (1) t& jypf'%fp&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' f hf _ dk f f D JG yk'r 11 (n) ESi+hf ipe;f ojzihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pD f dG $ f kd f f f D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wif a=unm csuf JG f S G trSwf (991) jzifa=unmcJonf? aemifwif yvkyrnfa&G;aumufyrsm;wGif yg0if,Of yiciuvnf; ydwf h h G f h JG S d f G hf kd yifconf? 2004 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDEihf jynfo@l hJ S f G $ f kd f S v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;awG@qa&;twGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDOuUxH vdyrI f kd f f kH $ f kd f fl vufrwa&;xd;k wifoi;f cJol jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? S f G h $ f kd f 48? t*Fylre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;jr0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jr0if;onf t*Fyl rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,pm; J kd k f yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (30800) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (67 02) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif; S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f cHc&onf? tz OD;xGe;f ri/f trd a':rDrw@kd rS 1949 ckEp/f ZGev (9) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? t*Fyl rd Zmwd hJ d D S f G h jzpfonf? OD;jr0if;onf t*Fyl rd e,f/ csKue;f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ anmifusK;d tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ d k [oFmwrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (4) wk@d wif (10) wef;txdynmoif=um;cJonf? &Spwef; G h f ESihf uk;d wef;wd@k wif [oFmwcdiv&nfc|etjzpf a&G;cs,jf cif;cHc&onf? 1971-72 ckEpwif q,fwef;udk G kf l f hJ Sf G awmifOuUvmypmppfXmerS oH;k bmom*k%x;l jzifh tvGwajzqkatmifjrifconf? xk@d aemuf aq;wuU f f d hJ odvf (1) wGif wwd,ESptxdwufa&mufconf? OD;oef@ta&;tcif;ESihf r_i;f &mjynfta&;tcif;wGif k f hJ d h yg0ifcojzifh 1976 ckEpwif ausmif;xkwcc&+y;D axmif'%f (9) ESpf uscc&onf? 1980 jynfEpwif hJ Sf G f H hJ H hJ hSf G vGw+f ir;f csr;f omcGitrde@f jzifh axmifrjS yefvwconf? 1980 jynfEprpI wGbuftv,fwef;jy (2) d hf G f hJ hSfS J ESp/f wGbuftxufwef;jy (2)ESp/f usL&Siq&mtjzpf (2) ESpvyconf? pmay;pm,ljzihf wwd,ESpf J f f k f hJ
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ajzqdc&m 1983 ckEpwif odyH` (owWaA') bJ@G &cJonf? 1350 jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pD k hJ Sf G h hS Sf D kd ta&;awmfy}kH u;D t+y;D wGif ygwpz@GJ pnf;cGi&onftcg 'Drua&pDn!wa&;wyfO;D wGif wJzuftwGi;f a&;r;/ D kH hf h dk D G f G wyfO;D zsuor;f I 'D+ir;f ESiaygi;f +y;D aemufwif 'Drua&pDEi+hf ir;f csr;f a&;tzG@J A[dtwdiyifcaumfrwD0if/ f d d hf G kd S d k kf H ,if;aemuf 'D+ir;f rSxuI trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyo@dk 0ifa&mufconf? OD;ausm+f ir;f .orD; a'guwm d G f kd f hJ d f a':usiusi+f ir;f ESihf 1982 ckEp/f arv (1) &ufae@wif vufxyfconf? a'guwmusiusi+f ir;f onf f d S G hJ f f d jynfyod@k om;orD; (2) a,mufEitwl xGucmoGm;a&mufaexkic+hJ y;D / OD;jr0if;onf &efueEiyorf rd S hf fG df k f S hf k d wk@d o@kd ul;oef;+y;D ta&mif;t0,fvyuiconf? 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmvESihf atmufwbmvrsm; k f kd f hJ hS kd twGi;f rE av;Yyvkyonfh ,m,Dtpd;k &zGJ pnf;a&;vd@_ 0Sutpnf;ta0;rsm;odk wufa&mufcojzifh W f f hJ 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufaewif w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcHc&+y;D (9) &ufaewif tzrf;cHchJ hS G hJ G &onf? jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r 122 (1) jzifw&m;pG+J y;D axmif'%f (25) ESpf csrwcc&onf? trsK;d om; _ kd f f h S f H hJ 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 745 pnf;90 jzifh kd hS JG trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwi,xm;onfh wm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; kd Gf l S &yfqi;f cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (24) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf kd h kd hS JG - 758pnf;90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf todtrSwf yxm; kd f kd f f jcif;udk zsuor;f cJonf? jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r 122 (1) t&jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' f d h _ dk f f _ S JG yk'r 11 (n) jzif+h ipe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsua=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG f dG f kd f f S f D kH D kd a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (985) f S G f jzifh a=unmcJonf? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsu+f y;D aemifwif yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm; h f kd f f S G f JG Y yg0if,Of yiciuyg ydwyifconf? ,ck tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif aexkdifonf? S d f G hf kd f hJ 49? t*Fylre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmpef;atmif/ woD;yk*~v? a'guwmpef;atmifonf t*Fyl rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif woD;yk*vtjzpf 0ifa&muf f J ~ ,SOf yic&m cdivr (24581) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (52 68) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? d f hJ k f kH J k kf_ f hJ tz t+ir;f pm; 'kw,Advr; }u;D baX;/ trd a':cifwww@kd rS 1955 ckEp/f Zlviv (5) &ufae@wif arG; d d k f k f S kd f G zGm;cJhonf? pwkwajrmufom; jzpfonf? awmif}uD;rdZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmpef;atmifonf &efuif;tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (2) rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI 1979 ckEpwif oGm;bufqi&m hJ Sf G kd f aq;wuUovrS q&m0efb@JG &&Sd cJonf? 1982 ckEpwif oGm;bufqi&mq&m0ef (iykawmaq;H)/ 1350 kd f h Sf G kd f k jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyg0ifc+hJ y;D / tvkyrEkwxuconf? 1991 hS Sf D kd f f S f G f hJ ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (21) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (913) jzifh ,if;onf rme,fyavm&Sd jynfaxmif S D G f pkjrefrmEdiiH trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J Eihf qufo,cojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS kf S G f hJ $ f kd f f ysujf y,fa=umif;a=unmcJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif {&m0wDwi;f pnf;H;k a&;r;wm0ef,l h kd G kd xm;cJaomfvnf; trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ta&;ygonfy*Kd~ vfwOD;u rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm; h kd hk fJ tzG@J u,pm;yI t*Fyl rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif 0ifa&muf,Of yi&eftpDtpOf&cojzifh woD; kd f J S df dS hJ yk*v tjzpf0ifa&muf,Of yiconf? a'guwmpef;atmiftay: a&G;aumufywif ,SOf yibufjzpfol ~ S d f hJ f JG G df
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;ygwrS ud,pm;vS,avmif; OD;ode;f xGe;f rS a&G;aumufyuef@uuvm k G f D k f f JG G f $ wifoi;f cJojzifh a&G;aumufyctrSwf (1) . =um;emppfaq;r_ucc&onf? 1991 ckEp/f {+yv (25) G h JG kH kd H hJ S D &ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;csJzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ynma&;ESihf use;f rma&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efay;cef@tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 2000 jynfEp/f atmuf hJ hS wdbmv (7) &ufae@wif tdi,mvefEii/H 'Avifrd Y !Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvnfjyifqifz@JG pnf;onfh k G kf kd f tcg 0ef}u;D csKyf;kH 0ef}u;D (ta&Szufa'o/ xdi;f Edii) tjzpf wm0efay;jcif;cHc&onf? trsK;d om;'Drkd k kfH hJ ua&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@ &ufpygpmtrSwf - 745pnf;90 jzifh hS JG woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf 0ifa&mufta&G;cHconftwGuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyrS ~ f kd f f hJ h kd f xkwy,f+y;D jzpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJonf? ,ck =opa=w;vsEkdifiHwGif aexkdifonf? f h 50? tdrfrJre,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifxGwf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxwonf tdrrJ rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud,f G f f J kd k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (19441) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (64 46) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH kk kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? tdrrJ rd/ v,fay:&yfuuZmwd jzpfonf? tz trsK;d om;ausmif;tkyq&m}uD; OD;,Hk hJ f G f f aumif;/ trd a':ode;f jrwd@k rS 1934 ckEp/f ZGev (25) &ufae@wif arG;zGm;cJonf? arG;csi;f (8) OD;teuf S f G h t}u;D qH;k om;jzpfonf? OD;wifxwonf 1935 ckEpwif tdrrJ rd / trsK;d om;ausmif;Y pwifynmoif G f Sf G f =um;cJonf? 1939 ckEpwif ysO;f rem;rd / trsK;d om;ausmif;od@k ajymif;a&$ynmoif=um;cJonf? 'kw, h Sf G h d urBmppftwGi;f tdrrJ rd / uHvS bke;f }u;D ausmif;q&mawmfO;D a^;,sxwif avmukw&mpmayrsm; avh f H G W vmoif=um;cJonf? tm&Svi,ftpnf;tH;k uif;axmufvviftzG@J 0iftjzpf yg0ifaqmif&uconf? h l k G f hJ 1945-46 ckEptwGi;f tdrrJ rd e,f/ z-q-y-v tzG@J csKyf. vGwvyfa&;u;d yrf;v_y&m;r_rsm;wGif wuf Sf f f fS upmyg0ifaqmif&uconf? tdrrJ rd e,f ausmif;om;or*~ twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&u+f y;D / jynfo@l GG G f hJ f G vrf;jyeH&uyfpmapmif t,f'wmtjzpf aqmif&uxwa0cJonf? 1947 ckEptwGi;f ykorf rd / vlrsK;d H D G f k f h Sf d aygi;f pHk rGeu&iftxufwef;ausmif;Y ynmqufvufoif=um;onf? ,if;ausmif;Y ausmif;om;or*~ f twGif;a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJh+yD;/ ykodrfcdkif ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmiftjzpf a&G;aumufwif ajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1948 ckEpwif tpd;k &A[dtxufwef;ausmif;/ &efueo@kd ajymif;a&$+yD; ynm hJ Sf G k kf qufvufoif=um;cJonf? ,if;ausmif;Y ausmif;om;or*~ pm=unfwur; tjzpf aqmif&uconf? h h kd f G f hJ 1949 ckEpwif tr_xrf;aygi;f pHEihf ausmif;om;oydwwuyvy&m;r_wif &efuecdiausmif;om; S f G k S f dk f JG _ f S G k f kf or*~Eitwl a&Swef;rSyg0ifvy&m;cJonf? 1950 jynfEpwif pde*|e;f 'ditppifa,musm;av;txuf S hf _fS h h S f G f k f kd D F wef;ausmif; wuUov0ifoifwef;Y qufvufynmoif=um;cJonf? pde*|e;f a,musm;av;txuf kd f h f F wef;ausmif;/ ausmif;om;or*~ pnf;H;k a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&uconf? &efuecdif ausmif;om;or*~ G f hJ kf k (&-u-o) jyefvnfz@JG pnf;a&;twGuf &efuecdiausmif;om;or*~ pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD tvkytr_ kf kf f aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ twGi;f a&;r;tjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif&uconf? 1951 ckEpwif G f hJ Sf G wuUov0ifpmar;yGatmifjrifI ZD0aA'bmomwGjJ zifh &efuewuUovwif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh kd f J kf kd f G onf? 1951 ckEpwif ArmEdiiausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzG@J csKyf pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD/ pnf;H;k a&;AsLdk twGi;f Sf G kfH
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&;r;tjzpfaqmif&uc+hJ yD;/ txufjrefrmjynfo@kd pnf;H;k a&;qif;cJonf? &efuewuUovY ynm G f h k f kd f oif=um;pOf yg%aA'bmom&yftoif; twGi;f a&;r;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ yif;,aqmif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif; tvkytr_aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif&uconf? &efuewuUovf wd;k wuf f G f hJ kf kd aomausmif;om;tiftm;pk zG@J pnf;wnfaxmifowOD;tjzpf wuUovausmif;om;rsm; v_y&m;r_rsm; l kd f fS wGif a&Swef;rSacgi;f aqmifyg0if aqmif&uconf? 1952-53 ckEpwif &efuecdiausmif;om;or*~ G f hJ Sf G kf kf OuUtjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&onf? 1953 ckEpwif &efuewuUovf atmufwbm ausmif; Sf G kf kd dk wvydwa&;wduywif acgi;f aqmifyg0ifconf? &efuewuUovrS &moufyefausmif;xkwjf cif;cH&+y;D / f k f JG G hJ kf kd f yk'r (5) jzifzrf;qD;I tif;pdeA[dtusO;f axmifwif (1) ESpccef@ zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 1956f h f k G f GJ hJ 57 ckEpwif &efuewuUovY ausmif;0ifcihf jyefvnf&&SI Oypmodywef;Y ynmqufvufoif=um;cJh Sf G kf kd f G d H` onf? 1958-59 ckEpwif &efueaq;aumvdyY 'kw, trfbbtuf (pf) t}u;D wef;txd ynm Sf G kf f d D D oif=um;cJhonf? aq;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;acgif;aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ vomaqmif o[m,ESipmzwftoif; twGi;f a&;r;tjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif&uconf? 1958 hf G f hJ ckEp/f =o*kwvwGiusi;f yaom ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,ywif aq;aumvdyausmif;om;rsm;ud,pm;vS,f S f f f JG G f k f tjzpfwufa&mufconf? 1958 ckEprS 1962 ckEptxd ausmif;om; v_y&m;r_rsm;/ urBm+h ir;f csr;f a&; hJ Sf Sf fS d v_y&m;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&uconf? 1961 ckEpwif &efuewuUovf 0dZmtydi;f (u) oifwef;od@k fS G f hJ Sf G kf kd k ajymif;a&$@oif=um;cJonf? 1963 ckEpwif 0dZmbG@J &&Sconf? 1962-63 ckEpwif &efuewuUovf h Sf G d hJ Sf G kf kd r*~Zif;aumfrwD twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf? 1964 ckEprS 1985 ckEptxd f hJ Sf Sf ynma&;Xme vli,fa&;&mXmecGwif ynm-pDr-okaw Xmepdwr; tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ wuUovrsm; h J G H f kd f tkycsKyfa&;H;k wuUovrsm;A[d&umXmer;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ use;f rma&;0ef}u;D Xme/ aq;ynmOD;pD; f kd f kd Q XmetkycsKyfratmuf&dS oGm;bufqi&maq;wuUovY armfue;f xde;f tqifh (2) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ f _ kd f kd f G aq;wuUovf (1) Y armfue;f xde;f tqifh (1) tjzpfvnf;aumif; tr_xrf;cJonf? 1964 ckEpwif kd G h Sf G jrefrmhq&,vrf;pOfygwD vli,fa&;&mcdipnf;H;k a&;r;/ awZvli,fpmapmif t,f'wmtzG@J 0if/ 1966 kd S f kf D ckEpwif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dvi,f ynmpDroawoer;/ ygwXmecsKyf vlxa&;&mXme Sf G kd S f k l H k D k ygw0efxrf; (Xmepdwr; )/ 1975-76 ckEpwif vomrd e,f tvkyorm;aumifpD 'kw,OuU (1)/ D f Sf G f d 1973 ckEpwif jynfv;kH u|wqENc,yusi;f ya&;ESihf a&G;cs,wifajrmufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif vomrd Sf G f H l JG f JG e,f tzJ@G 0ifEihf OuU/ 1981 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (4) &ufae@wif EkiiawmfaumifpD trde@f trSwf (281) S S D G dfH jzifh Ekii*%&nf ('kw,qif) cs;D jric&onf? 1985 ckEpwif jynfo@l 0efxrf;wHqycs;D jric&onf? 1350 dfHk f d h hf H Sf G d f hf H jynfEpf (1988 ckEp)/ jynfo@l 'rua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif ppf+y;D acwfEihf vGwvyfa&;acwf ausmif; hS Sf D kd S f om;or*~tzJ@G 0ifa[mif;rsm;ESitwl yg0ifvy&m;cJonf? &Spav;vH;k wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. hf _fS h f kd acgi;f aqmifruc,vy&m;cJonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf pwifxaxmifpOfuyif A[dXmecsKyf _ kd H l _ f S h kd l k Hk;tzGJ@wGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ wkdif;pnf;tzJG@0if wm0efw@dk ,conf? OD;wifxwonf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. *ENq;kH jzwfcsutwdi;f e0wu l hJ G f kd D f k v$wawmfac:ray;vsif aqmif&uz@kd vonfenf;vrf; oH;k oG,pmwrf;ypk&mwGif twGi;f usus yg0ifchJ f G f dk h f ojzifh oufqi&mrSzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;wifxwonf 1950 jynfEp/f dk f hJ G f hS ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya' yk'r 5 (u) (c) (n) t& jypfrxif&m; pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r H_ f _ S GJ f
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 11 (n) ESihf+idpGef;ojzihf jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wif a=unmcsuf JG f S G trSwf (987) jzifa=unmcJonf? aemif (10) ESpf twGi;f yvkyrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;Y yg0if,Of yicihf h h f JG S dfG udvnf;ydwyifconf? k f hJ 51? tdrfrJre,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;jrifharmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifarmifonf tdrrJ rd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytm; ud,f h f J kd f k pm;yI 0ifa&muf,Of yic&m ckivrJ (20054) rJ/ pkpaygi;f rJ&mcdiEe;f (65 17) jzifh a&G;cs,wifajrmuf S d f hJ d f kH k kf_ f jcif;cHc&onf? 1937 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (13) &ufae@zm; jzpfonf? OD;armifwif.om; jzpfonf? hJ S G OD;jrifarmifonf jyify0dZm yxrESpatmifjrifconf? 1985 ckEprS 1989 ckEptxd aiGpm&if;rif;}u;D H;k wGif h f hJ Sf Sf atmufwef;pma&;/ xk@d aemuf pm&if;ppfr; / 1989 ckEp/f arv (2) &ufae@wif t+ir;f pm;,lconf? tdrrJ rd e,f S G d hJ f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;Hk;a&;r;wm0ef,lcJhonf? vGwfajrmufe,fajr rme,fyavm pcef;ok@d om;a&muf+y;D aomif;use;f olrsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f vsu&a=umif; ppfaq;ay:ayguojzifh 1950 jynfEp/f G f dS f hS ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u) (c) (n)/ jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr (512) t& A[ef;rd e,fw&m;H;k wGif w&m;pGqxm;+y;D / w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmxm;onftjyif ygwp'rua&pD J dk h D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SirS 1991 ckEp/f {+yv (30) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf JG f S D G $ f uk,pm;vS,tjzpfry,fzsuconf? 1991 ckEp/f {+yv (25) &ufae@wif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsK;d d f f S f hJ S D G kfH om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg v,f,mESifhopfawm0ef}uD;Xme/ obm0 ywf0ef;usixe;f odr;f a&;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&onf? 1994 ckEp/f rwfv (26) f d hJ S &ufae@wif xdi;f Edii/H befaumufrd &Sd jrefrmoH;kH od@k om;a&muftzrf;cHc+hJ y;D e-0-w xHtnHcconf? G k kf G h H hJ a&G;aumufyGJOya'udkjyXmef;onfhtcg trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf a&G;aumufyGJY 0ifa&muf ,SOfyifcJhygonf? ,if;odk@ 0ifa&muf,SOfyif&jcif;ESifhywfoufI tzGJ@csKyfu atmufygtwdkif; oabmxm; xkwfjyefcJhygonf? usif;yay;rnfha&G;aumufyGJonf'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkwGifjynfolvlxk twGuf toufpGef@v$wfoGm;cJholrsm;/ trsKd;rsKd;tepfemcHcJholrsm;.wdkufyGJrS ay:xGuvmonf&v'fwckjzpfonf[k rSw,v#utzG@J csKyfonf a&G;aumufyJG f h f l f 0if&ef qH;jzwfc&jcif;jzpfonf k hJ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy/f (9) ESpajrmufEpywfvnfae@wif xkwjf yefonfa=unmcsu/f kd f Sf G h a=unmcsuf trSwf (1097) rS
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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' (EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 188) 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 11 &uf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 21 &uf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGm usif;yEkdfif&ef EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufygOya' udkjymef;vkdufonf? tcef; (1) trnf 1? TOya'ukd ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SiOya'[k ac:wGiap&rnf? D Hk D dk f f tcef; (2) zGJ@pnf;jcif; 2? 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@pyg Ekiiawmf +ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzJ@G a=unmcsuf S JG d f H df trSwf (188) tyk'f (2)wGif &nf!$e;f xm;aom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; d D Hk D kd aumfr&Siudk qufvufwm0efay;tyfonf? f 3? Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y fd f H df D Hk D dk a&;aumfr&Siwif tzG@J 0ifO;D a&wk;d jcif;/ vpfvyfonfae&mwGif tpm;xk;d jcif;wd@k udk aqmif&uEionf? f G h G f dk f tcef; (3) wm0efESifhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; 4? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. wm0efEivyyicirsm;rSm atmufyg D Hk D kd JG f S hf k f kd f G hf twki;f jzpfonf d (u) vGwvyfI w&m;r#waomygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd atmifjrifpmusi;f y f D Hk D dk JG G Ekia&;twGuaqmif&ujf cif;? df f G (c) vktyfaom Oya'rsm;uka&;qGI Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u jymef;ay;a&; d d J dfH df twGuwifjyjcif;/ f (*) vktyfaom enf;Oy'rsm;/ vkyx;Hk vkyenf;rsm;/ trde@f rsm;/ !$e=f um;csursm;udk a&;qGI xkwf d f f f J jyefjcif;/ (C) ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzG@J crsm;udk zG@J pnf;jcif;/ D Hk D kd JG f JG (i) ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyaumfr&SiEihf aumfr&SitzG@J crsm;twGuf vktyfaomk;H D Hk D kd JG fS f JG d 0efxrf;rsm;cef@tyfjcif;/ 0efxrf;a&;&mudp&yfrsm;udk pDrcef@cjJG cif;/ pDrcef@capjcif;/ P H H JG (p) vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waomygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;y Ekdif&efvkdtyfonfhtpDtpOfrsm;yvkyfjcif;/ vkdtyfonfrsm;udkaqmif&Gufjcif;/ vkdtyfonfh tultnDrsm;ukawmif;cH&,ljcif;? d
430
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tcef; (4) taxGaxG 5? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifESifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;. ukefusp&dwfrsm;/ a&G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGufukefusp&dwfrsm;ukd EkdifiHawmf.bmaiGrS uscH&rnf? 6? jynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif Oya' (1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfOya' trSwf - 5) udk TOya'jzifh kyfodrf;vkdufonf? (yHk) apmarmif AdkvfcsKyf}uD; OuU EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ Oya'trSwf 488 ) 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf (2) &uf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (27) &uf? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&ef EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJonf atmufygOya'udkjymef;vkdufonf? tcef; (1) trnfESifht"dy`g,fazmfjycsuf 1? TOya'udk EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf? 2? TOya'wGiyg&aom atmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwki;f t"dym,f oufa&mufap&rnf? f dS d ` (u) Ekiia&;ygwqonfrm ppfreaomygwp'rua&pDuvufcusio;Hk aom tzGJ tpnf;udk dfH D kd S S f D Hk D dk kd H hf qkdonf? (c) a&G;aumufyGJqkdonfrSm ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudkqkdonf? (*) aumfr&Siqonfrm ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siuqonf? f dk S D Hk D kd JG f kd dk tcef; (2) EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif; 3? a&G;aumufyY0ifa&muf,Of yivaom Ekiia&;ygwtoD;oD;onf owfrwxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm; JG S d f dk dfH D S f
431
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ESihf tnDrwywif&ef aumfr&Sio@kd av#mufxm;&rnf? od@k &mwGif atmufygtzGJ tpnf; w&yf&yfonf S f Hk f rSwywif&ef av#mufxm;cGir&Sap&? f Hk hf d (u) wnfqOya'w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpfa=unmjcif;cH&aomtzGJ tpnf;? J (c) Ekiiawmftm; vufeufpuiI awmfveyeuefaeaom aomif;useotzGJ tpnf;? dfH JG kd f Sfkf f l (*) EkiiawmfyiaiGa=u;/ taqmufttk/H ,mOf/ ypPn;f wk@d ukd wkuujf zpfap/ oG,0uaom dfH kd f d f dk f kd f enf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;Hk pGonftzG@J tpnf;? J h (C) EkiijH cm;wki;f jynfwckc. tpd;k & od@k r[kwf bmoma&;tzGJ tpnf; od@k r[kwf tjcm;tzGJ df d k tpnf; wckcrS aiGa=u;/ ypPn;f / tjcm;taxmuftyHukd wkuujf zpfap/ oG,0uaom k h d f dk f kd f enf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;Hk pGonfh tzG@J tpnf;? J (i) bmoma&;udk Ekiia&;udptwGuf tvGo;Hk pm;yaomtzG@J tpnf;? dfH P J (p) jynfol wyfrawmf/ jynfol &JwyfzJG paom umuG,a&;wyfzJG 0ifrsm;/ jynfol 0efxrf;tzG@J f tpnf; toD;oD;/ Ekiiyip;D yGm;a&;/ bkw/f aumfya&;&Si;f / tzGJ tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf; d f H kd f kd rsm;ESifh EkiiawmfbmaiGrvpmcHpm;=uaom 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonftzG@J tpnf;? dfH S h 4? rnfonfEiia&;ygwrqkd TOya't& rSwywifcihf &&S+d y;D rSomv#if a&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf h dk f H D f Hk G JG G ,SOf ydici&onf? f G hf dS tcef; (3) aumfr&Sif. vkyfydkifcGifhrsm; 5? Ekiia&;ygwwckurSwywifay;&efav#mufxm;onftcg owfrwxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESitnD dfH D f Hk h S f fh ppfaq;+y;D aemuf aumfr&Sionf f (u) rSwywifcihf yEkionf? od@k r[kwf f Hk G d f (c) rSwywifcihf y&ef jiif;qkEionf// f Hk G d dk f 6? a&G;aumufyusi;f yjcif;ryrD rSwywifci&&S+d y;D aomEkiia&;ygwwckonf yk'r 3/ yk'rcGJ (u) (c) JG f Hk G hf dfH D f f (*) (C) od@k r[kwf (i) wGif azmfjyxm;onftzGJ tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif; aumfr&SiuawG@&v#if h f dS rSwywifcihf ycJjh cif;udk y,fzsu&rnf? f Hk G f 7? a&G;aumufyusi;f yjcif;ryrD rSwywifci&&S+d y;D aomEdiia&;ygwwckonf yk'r 3/ yk'rcGJ (p) wGif JG f Hk G hf kfH D f f azmfjyxm;onfh tzGJ tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif;aumfr&SiuawG&Sv#if ,if;tzGJ tpnf;wGiyg0ifonfh f d f oufqif &myk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm; ygw0iftjzpfrEwxuap&ef aumfr&Siu oufqi&mEkiia&;ygwEifh dk D S k f G f f dk f d f H DS oufqi&m 0efxrf;tzGJ tpnf;tm; ta=umif;=um;&rnf? dk f 8? yk'r (5)/ (6) od@k r[kwf (7) t& aumfr&Si.qk;H jzwfcsuonf t+y;D tjywfjzpfonf? f f f tcef; (4) taxGaxG 9? aumfr&Sionf TOya'ygjymef;csursm;udk aqmif&u&efvtyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;/ vkyx;Hk vkyf f f G f dk f
432
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f enf;rsm;/ trdef@rsm;/ !ef=um;csufrsm;udk xkwfjyefEkdifonf? toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&m Oya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya' trSwf 688) 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 5 &uf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 30 &uf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufygOya'udk jyXmef;vdkufonf? tcef; (1) trnfESifht"dy`m,fazmfjycsuf 1? TOya'udk toif;tzG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;jcif;qdi&m Oya'[k ac:wGiap&rnf? kf f 2? TOya'wGiyg&aomatmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwdi;f t"dym,foufa&mufap&rnf? f dS k ` (u) toif;tzG@J qdonfrm trnfo;D jcm;&Sonfjzpfap/ r&Sonfjzpfap &nf&,csuwckck k S d d G f f twGuf od@k r[kwf vkyief;pOfwckctwGuf vltrsm; pkaygi;f zG@J pnf;xm;aom toif;tzG@J / f k tpnf;tH;k / or*~/ ygw/D aumfrwD/ tzG@J csKyf/ toif;pk/ wyfO;D / uvyfEihf tvm;wltoif; S tzG@J ukd qdonf? k (c) EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJ@ qdkonfrSm EdkifiHa&;t,l0g' wckcktay:wGiftajccHI EdkifiHa&; pnf;H;k v_y&m;r_ukd wenf;enf;yaom toif;tzG@J uqonf? fS kd kd tcef; (2) zGJ@pnf;cGifh&&Sd&ef av#mufxm;jcif; (u) toif;tzG@J rsm;onf zG@J pnf;cGi&&S&ef jynfxa&;ESiomoema&;0ef}u;D Xmeod@k owfrwf hf d J hf S xm;aom enf;vrf;twdi;f av#mufxm;&rnf? k (c) zG@J pnf;+y;D aom toif;tzG@J onf TOya' jyXmef;aomae@&ufrS &ufaygi;f oH;k q,ftwGi;f av#mufxm;&rnf? (*) cGihf ycsur&aom toif;tzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;jcif; od@k r[kwf qufvuf&yfwnfvy&m;jcif;ry&? f _fS atmufyg toif;tzG@J rsm;onf TOya't& zG@J pnf;cGihf av#mufxm;&efrvdk (u) 1964 ckEp/f trsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udk umuG,onfh Oya't& jynfxa&;ESihf S G f f J omoem a&;0ef}u;D XmewGif rSwywifxm;+y;D jzpfI ,if;rSwywif wnfv#u&aom toif; f kH f kH f dS tzG@J / (c) bmom/ omoema&;oufoufuom usio;kH aqmif&uaom toif;tzG@J / kd hf G f (*) pD;yGm;a&;oufoufuom vkyuiaqmif&uaom toif;tzG@J / kd f kd f G f (C) wnfqJ Oya'w&yf&yft& rSwywifxm;aom toif;tzG@J / f kH (i) Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif; Oya't& ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f kfH D f kH D kH D kd
3?
4?
433
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ya&;aumfr&SirS rSwywifci&&S+d y;D aom od@k r[kwf ,if;aumfr&Sio@kd rSwywif&ef av#mufxm; f f kH G hf f f kH +y;D od@k r[kwf av#mufxm;&ef jyifqifv#u&a=umif; wifjy+y;D jzpfaom Ediia&;ygwtoif; f dS kfH D tzG@J ? tcef; (3) zGJ@pnf;cGifhr&Sdaom toif;tzGJ@rsm; atmufyg toif;tzG@J rsm;udk zG@J pnf;jcif;ry&/ zG@J pnf;xm;+yD;jzpfv#ivnf; v_y&m;jcif;ry&/ f f S qufvufwnf&cihf r&Sap& dS G d (u) 1988 ckEp/f Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya't& rSwywifcir&aom toif;tzG@J / S kfH D f kH f kH G hf rSwywifci&aomfvnf; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f kH G hf D kH D kd f rSwywifjcif;udk y,fzsujf cif;cH&aom toif;tzG@J / f kH (c) w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;udk jzpfap/ vrf;yef;qufo,r_ vHk cH G f acsmarG@apa&;udjk zpfap wenf;enf;tm;jzifh xdcuap&ef tm;xkwaom/ vH@_ aqmfaom/ kd f f wduwe;f tm;ay;aom/ ulnaom/ yvkyaom toif;tzG@J / k f G D f (*) EdiiawmftycsKyfa&;,E &m;&Sd jynfo@l wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &wyfz@JG paom umuG,a&; kfH kf W J f wyfz@JG 0if rsm;/ jynfo@l 0efxrf; tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;/ Ediiyip;D yGm;a&; bkw/f aumfya&;&Si;f ESihf k f H kd f kd tzGJ@tpnf; toD;oD;rS0efxrf;rsm; odk@r[kwf EdkifiHawmfbmaiGrS vpm&,l=uaom 0efxrf;wOD;OD; od@k r[kwf 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifz@JG pnf;xm;+y;D Ediia&;toif;tzG@J wpfcc. =oZmcH kfH kk ,laom od@k r[kwf Ediia&;toif;tzG@J wckcEihf qufo,aomtoif;tzG@J ? kfH kS G f tcef; (4) jypf'%frsm; 6? rnforqdk yk'r 3/ yk'rcGJ (*) udjk zpfap/ yk'r 5 udjk zpfap azmufzsuusL;vGea=umif; jypfrxif&m; l f f f f f _ S pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%fig;ESpxd uscap&rnf? f H 7? rnforqdk yk'r 3/ yk'rcGJ (*) t& zG@J pnf;cGiukd jzpfap/ qufvuf&yfwnfciukd jzpfapr&aom l f f hf G hf toif;tzG@J od@k r[kwf yk'r (3) t& zG@J pnf;cGir&Saom toif;tzG@J wckcwif yg0ifa=umif;/ toif; f hf d k G tzG@J ukd tm;ay;ulna=umif;/ od@k r[kwf xdtoif;tzG@J taqmifta,mifukd toH;k ya=umif; jypfr_ D k xif&m; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f oH;k ESpxuscap&rnf? S f d H tcef; (5) taxGaxG 8? jynfxa&;ESihf omoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf TOya't& rSwywifcihf yxm;aom toif;tzG@J J f kH G taejzifh rSwywifcihf ypOf azmfjycJaom &nf&,csuEihf vkyief;pOfukd ajymif;vJI v_y&m;a=umif; f kH G h G f fS f fS pdppfawG@&v#if xdtoif;tzG@J . rSwywifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsuEionf? dS k f kH f kd f 9? jynfxa&;ESihf omoema&;0ef}u;D Xmeonf vdtyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;/ trde@f rsm;/ !e=f um;csuf J k
434
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f rsm;/ vkyx;kH vkyenf;rsm;udk xkwjf yefEionf? f f kd f toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&mOya' jyXmef;jcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;I&Sif;vif;csuf Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf jynfow&yfv;kH vdvm;awmifw awmif;qdk kfH df l k h v#u&aom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif ppfreaom ygwp'rua&pDukd vufcusio;kH f dS D kH D kd JG G Sf D kH D kd H hf aom Ediia&;ygwrsm;taejzifh owfrwxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESitnD vGwvyfpm zG@J pnf;v_y&m; kfH D S f hf f G fS yg0if,Of yiEi&ef &nf&,csujf zifh 1964 ckEp/f trsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udk umuG,onfOya'udk S d f kd f G f S G f f h y,fzsucygonf? f hJ xdk@jyif EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufywif ppfreaomygwp'rua&pDukd vufcusio;kH aomEdiia&;ygwrsm;taejzifh pepfwus JG G Sf D kH D kd H hf kfH D vGwvyfpm 0ifa&muf,Of ydiEia&;twGuf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumf f G S f kd f D kH D kd r&Sif Oya'udvnf;aumif;/ Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'udvnf;aumif;/ jyXmef;cJygonf? k kfH D f kH k h ,cktcg 'Drua&pD.tESpom&udk trSewu,fjrwfE;kd pGmjzifh ppfreaom ygwp'rua&pDukd kd f f Sf D kH D kd vufcusio;kH aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm; zG@J pnf;vmonfrsm;&SouJo@kd 'Drua&pDu[efjy+yD; H hf kfH D d h kd kd rdk;om;aomoabm/ rormaom&nf&G,fcsufwdk@jzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif; ya&;udk taESmift,Sut[ef@twm;tE &m,fjzpfaprnfh toif;tzG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;xm;a=umif;/ zG@J pnf; h f W &ef jyifqifv#u&aea=umif; od&&ygonf? f dS dS xduo@kd ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;udk taESmift,Suf t[ef@twm; k hJ D kH D kd JG h tE &m,fjzpfaprnfh toif;tzG@J rsm;udk cGihf yxm;ygu w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,m W a&;/ EdiiawmftycsKyfa&;,E &m;yHrevma&;wd@k ukd xdcuvmEdirnfjzpfygonf? xd@k jyif &[ef;&Sivl kfH kf W kSf kd f k f f jynforsm; ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;t=um; pnf;vH;k nD!wrysujf ym;jcif;/ pdw0rf;uGjJ ym;jcif;/ pnf;urf;azmuf l G f_ f zsujf cif;rsm; jzpfvmEdiz,&m ta=umif;&Sygonf? kfG f d xd@k a=umifh Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf toif;tzG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;jcif; qdi&m kfH df kf Oya'udk jyXmef;&jcif;jzpfygonf?
435
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 1498) 1351 ckESpf/ uqkefvjynfhausmf 12 &uf (1989 ckESpf/ arv 31 &uf) vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yI jynfol@v$wf awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;uda&G;aumufwifajrmufEi&ef Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf kd f f k kd f k f H df atmufyg Oya'udkjyXmef;vdkufonf? tcef; (1) trnfESifht"dy`m,fazmfjycsuf 1? TOya'udk jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'[k ac:wGiap&rnf? $ f JG f 2? TOya'wGiyg&aomatmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwdi;f t"dym,f oufa&mufap&rnf? f dS k ` (u) v$wawmf qdonfrm jynfo@l vwawmfukd qdonf? f k S $ f k (c) aumfr&Sif qdonfrm ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siukd qdonf/ k S D kH D kd JG f k (*) aumfr&SitzG@J cJG qdonfrm aumfr&SiuzG@J pnf;ay;aom jynfe,f/ wdi;f (od@k r[kw) rd e,fpk f k S f k f (od@k r[kw) rd e,f (od@k r[kw) &yfuuf (od@k r[kw) aus;&Gmtkypk aumfr&SitzG@J crsm;udk qdk f f G f f f JG onf? xdpum;&yfwif rde,fpaumfr&SitzG@J ctjzpfaqmif&u&ef aumfr&Siu jynfe,f k G k f JG G f f (od@k r[kw) wdi;f aumfr&SitzG@J c0ifrsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;ay;aom aumfr&SitzG@J cvnf; yg0ifonf? f k f JG f JG (C) a&G;aumufyJG qdonfrm ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd qdonf? k S D kH D kd JG k (i) rJqENe,f qdonfrm v$wawmfrqENe,fukd qdonf? k S f J k (p) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f qdonfrm v$wawmfo@kd a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&olukd qdonf? f kd f k S f k (q) omoemh0efxrf; qdonfrm atmufygy*Kd~ vfrsm;udk qdonf? k S k k (1) Ak'bmom0ifrsm;twGujf zpfv#if Ak'bmom omoemh0efuxrf;&Guaeaom &[ef;/ < < kd f omra%/ zd;k olawmf/ r,fov/ &aohEihf &aohr/ D S &Si;f vif;csu? omoemh0efxrf;[kq&mwGif omoema&;qdi&m &[ef; (od@k r[kw) f kd kf f omoemh0efxrf;tjzpf acwWc,xm;qJumvtzd@k oufqiap&rnf? H l kd f (2) c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;twGujf zpfv#if c&pf,mefomoemh0efuxrf;aqmif&ef t"du kd tm;jzifh rdru,ukd qufuyfxm;+y;D yk*Kd~ vf[k oufqi&m c&pf,meftoif;awmf}u;D rsm; d kd f kd f (Churches) u todtrSwf yI odumay;xm;jcif;cH&aom (od@k r[kw) wm0efay;xm;jcif; Q f cH&aom yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfap/ rdrw@kd u;kd uG,&mbmomt& *d%;f csKyf. tkycsKyfjcif;udk rdrqEN d f k f d tavsmuf vufcI bmoma&;pnf;rsO;f jzifvnf;aumif;/ t"dXmefycsujf zifvnf;aumif; H h h pnf;H;k xm;aom yk*Kd~ vfwpkwijf zpfap/ tzG@J tpnf;wGijf zpfap yg0ifaomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;? G (3) [dELN bmom0ifrsm;twGujf zpfv#if pH,mpD/ r[ef@ (od@k r[kw) [dELN bke;f awmf}u;D rsm;? f (Z) rJpm&if; qdonfrm a&G;aumufytwGuf owfrwxm;aom rJqENe,frsm;wGi&onfh k S JG S f f dS
436
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f qENray;ydici&orsm;. pm&if;udqonf? J k f G hf dS l k kd (ps) axmif'%fuscae&olrsm; qdonfrm w&m;H;k wckc. pD&ifcsut& axmif'%fuscH H k S k f ae&olrsm;udk qdonf? xdpum;&yfwif oufqi&mw&m;H;k . axmif'%fp&ifcsuukd k k G kd f D f rauseyfI t,lc0ifxm;aom axmif'%fuscqorsm;vnf; yg0ifonf? H H J l (n) rJtzG@J qdonfrm rJqENe,fwe,ftwGi;f &Sd rJwHY qENray;jcif;ESipyfv#O;f I pkaygi;f kH k S kH k J hf wm0ef,aqmif&u&ef oufqi&mrde,faumfr&SitzG@J cu wm0efay;tyfxm;aom l G f kd f f JG tzG@J ukd qdonf? k () rJr; qdonfrm rJtzG@J tm;}u;D r;aom yk*Kd~ vfuqonf? kH k S kH kd kd (X) a&G;aumufrqi&mtcGita&; qdonfrm a&G;aumufywif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f _ kd f hf k S JG G f kd f avmif;tjzpfjzifh yg0if,Of yiEiaom tcGita&; (od@k r[kw) ryg0if r,SOf yibaeEdif S d f kd f hf f df J k aom tcGita&; (od@k r[kw) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpfrS EkwxuEiaom hf f f kd f f f G f kd f tcGita&; (od@k r[kw) a&G;aumufywif rJay;EdiaomtcGita&; (od@k r[kw) rJray;bJ hf f JG G kf hf f aeEdiaom tcGita&;udk qdonf? kf hf k () w&m;rJh yusir_ qdonfrm TOya'tcef; (13) wGif azmfjyxm;aom yusirwckcukd hf k S hf _ k qdonf? k tcef; (2) v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;jcif; 3? v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvdkufaom v$wfawmfudk,f pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf? f tcef; (3) rJqENe,frsm;owfrSwfjcif; 4? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrmuf&ef rJqENe,frsm;onf aemufqufwZ,m; f kd f f JG wGiowfrwxm;onftwdi;f jzpfonf? od@k &mwGif a&G;aumufyusi;f yrnhae@&ufukd a=unmjcif; f S f h k JG f ryrD tpd;k &tzG@J u r@d e,fwr@d e,ftwGi;f &Sd e,fajrtcsKd udjk zpfap/ eD;pyf&mr@d e,frsm;twGi;f &Sd e,fajr rsm; udaygi;f pyfIjzpfap rd e,fwrd e,ftjzpf topfowfrwz@JG pnf;v#if rlvrd e,fwivnf;aumif;/ k S f Gf topf owfrwz@JG pnf;onfh r@d e,fwivnf;aumif; rJqENe,ftenf;qk;H we,f&&Sap&ef aemuf S f Gf d qufwZ,m;yg rJqENe,fta&twGuxufausmveapumrl aumfr&Siu oifavsmovkd owfrwf JG f f Gf f h f S ay;Ekionf? df 5? rJqENe,fwe,fwif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;pD a&G;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf? G f dk f f tcef; (4) qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdolrsm; 6? atmufygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijhf ynfporsm;onf trsK;d om;/ trsK;d orD;ra&G;/ bmomra&G; a&G;aumuf h kH l yGwif qENray;ydici&onf? J G J k f G hf dS
437
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (u) a&G;aumufypwifusi;f yonfae@wif touf (18) ESpjf ynf+h y;D / TOya'yg jyXmef;csursm; JG h G f ESirqef@usiaom Ediiom;/ {nfEiiom;ESihf Ediiom;ycGi&olrsm;? hf f kfH h kd f H kfH hf (c) oufqi&mrJqENe,f. rJpm&if;wGif yg0iforsm;? kd f l 7? atmufygy*Kd~ vfrsm;onf a&G;aumufywif qENray;ydicir&Sap& k JG G J k f G hf d (u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;? (c) pdwaygoyaeonf[k oufqi&mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onftwdi;f owfrwjf cif;cH&ol f h Gf kd f h k S rsm;? (*) jypfrwckca=umifh w&m;H;k .trde@f / pD&ifcsut& axmif'%fuscae&olrsm;? _ k f H (C) EdiijH cm;om;rsm;? kf tcef; (5) a&G;aumufwifajrmufcyici&orsm; H kd f G hf dS l 8? atmufygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkonfh EdkifiHom;rsm;onf trsKd;om;/ trsKd;orD;ra&G;/ bmomra&G;/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;aumufwifajrmufcHydkifcGifh&Sdonf? (u) a&G;aumufwifajrmufcEia&;twGuf trnfpm&if;wifoi;f v$m wifoi;f csewif H kd f G G d f G (1) touf (21) ESpfjynfh+yD;/ TOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifolrsm;? (2) rdbESpyg;vH;k Ediiom;jzpf+y;D olrsm;/ od@k r[kwf rdbESpyg;vH;k uG,ve+f y;D apumrl/ ,if; f kfH f f G wd@k touf&iv#u&ygu/ 1948 ckEp/f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiom;jzpfr_ tufOya't& S f f dS S kfH Ediiom;tvdtav#mufjzpfci&orsm;/ (od@k r[kw) rdbESpyg;uG,vecsewif ,if;rdb kfH k G hf dS l f f f Gf df G ESpyg;vH;k Ediiom;jzpf+y;D olrsm;/ (od@k r[kw) rdbwyg;onf wdi;f &if;om;jzpfI userb f kfH f k fd wyg;onf jrefrmEdiiom; Oya'jyXmef;jcif;ryrD uG,vejf cif;jzpfv#if ,if;od@k uG,vef kfH f G f G csewif Ediiom;tjzpf av#mufxm;&,lci&orsm;? df G kfH G hf dS l (c) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexdkifolrsm;? (*) rJpm&if;wGif yg0ifolrsm;? 9? a&G;aumufwifajrmufyici&owOD;onf woD;yk*vtjzpfjzifjh zpfap/ Ediia&;ygwwck. ygw0if kd f G hf dS l ~ kfH D D tjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfydifcGifh&Sdonf? 10? atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;aumufwifajrmufydkifcGifh r&Sdap& (u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;? (c) pdwfayghoGyfaeonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onfhtwkdif; owfrSwfcH&olrsm;? (*) jypfr_wckcka=umifh w&m;Hk;.trdef@/ pD&ifcsuft& axmif'%fuscHae&olrsm;? (C) yk'fr 8/ yk'frcGJ (u)/ yk'frcGJi,f (2) yg rdbrsm;rS arG;zGm;jcif;r[kwfaom EdkifiHom;rsm;? (i) EdiijH cm;tpd;k &. aus;Zl;opPmawmfukd cH,apmifa&Smufaoolrsm;/ (od@k r[kw) EdiijH cm; kf l h kd f kf tpd;k &.vufatmufcjH zpforsm;/ (od@k r[kw) xdtpd;k &. Ediiom;jzpforsm;/ (od@k r[kw) xdtpd;k l f k kfH l f k &. vufatmufcjH zpfoaomfvnf;aumif;/ Ediiom;aomfvnf;aumif;/ cHpm;&aomtcGihf l kfH
438
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ta&;rsm;ESihf aus;Zl;cHpm;cGirsm;udk cHpm;Edici&orsm;? hf k f G hf dS l (p) {nfhEdkifiHom;/ EdkifiHom;ycGifh&olESifh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;? (q) wnfqJOya' w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpf a=unmjcif;cH&aom tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;? (Z) Ediiawmftm; vufeufpuiI awmfveyeuefaeaom aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;0ifrsm;/ kfH JG kd f Sfkf awmfveyeuef&ef ,if;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ od@k r[kwf tzG@J tpnf;0ifrsm;ESihf qufo,a=umif; Sfkf G f cdivaomtaxmuftxm;&Sonfy*Kd~ vfrsm;? k f kH d hk (ps) EdiiawmfyiaiGa=u;/ taqmufttH/k ,mOf/ ypPn;f wd@k ukd wduujf zpfap/ oG,0uaom kfH kd f k f kd f kd f enf;jzifjh zpfap/ &,lo;kH pGonfy*Kd~ vf/ od@k r[kwf tzG@J tpnf;0ifrsm;? J hk cif;csuf? ? (1) EdiiawmfyiaiGa=u;[laompum;&yfwif t+idr;pm;vpmaiGa=u;aomf kfH kd f G f vnf;aumif;/ EdiiawmftusK;d twGuaqmif&ucojzifh Ediiawmfuw&m; kfH f G f hJ kfH 0ifaxmufycs;D jrixm;aom aiGa=u;aomfvnf;aumif; ryg0if? hH hf (2) Ediiawmfyif taqmufttH/k ,mOf/ ypPn;f [laompum;&yfwif Ediiawmfu kfH kd G kfH Oya'w&yf&yft& oH;k pGcihf yxm;aom (od@k r[kw) EdiiawmfxrS tca=u;aiG JG f kfH H jzifh iSm;&rf;aexdiaom td;k tdrO;D pD;XmeyditaqmufttHEitcef;rsm;/ EdiiH kf f kf k S hf kf awmfyitjcm;taqmufttHEihf tcef;rsm;/ EdiiawmfxrS tca=u;aiGjzifh kd f kS kfH H iSm;&rf;oH;pGaom Ediiawmfyif av,mOf/ &xm;/ oabFm/ armfawmf,mOf k J kfH kd ponfrsm;/ ypPn;f rsm;ryg0if? (n) EdiijH cm;wdi;f jynfwckc. tpd;k & (od@k r[kw) bmoma&;tzG@J tpnf; (od@k r[kw) tjcm;tzG@J kf k k f f tpnf;wckcrS aiGa=u;/ ypPn;f / tjcm;taxmuftyHukd wduujf zpfap/ oG,0uaomenf; k h k f kd f kd f jzifjh zpfap/ &,lo;kH pGonfh yk*Kd~ vf/ (od@k r[kw) tzG@J tpnf;0ifrsm;? J f () Ediia&;udptwGuf bmoma&;udta=umif;jyI qENray;&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrray; kfH P k J J &efaomfvnf;aumif;/ ajymqdjk cif;/ a[majymjcif;/ a=unmcsuxwjf yefjcif;ESihf ,if;od@k yvkyf f k &ef tm;ay;v_@H aqmfjcif;yaom yk*Kd~ vf (od@k r[kw) tzG@J tpnf;0ifrsm;? f (X) wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &wyfz@JG paom umuG,a&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l 0efxrf;tzG@J tpnf; toD; J f oD;/ Ediiyip;D yGm;a&;tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESihf EdiiawmfbmaiGrS vpmcHpm;=u k f H kd f kfH aom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;? rSwfcsuf? ,if;0efxrf;rsm;wGif t+idrf;pm;,lxm;aom yk*~dKvfrsm;ryg0if? 11? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&+y;D aemuf atmufygwckcEihf +idpGef;v#if f kd f f H kS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyicir&Sap& f kd f f kd f G hf d (u) omoemh0efxrf;tjzpfo@kd tjrwrf;ul;ajymif;oGm;jcif;? J (c) pdwaygoyonf[k oufqi&mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onftwdi;f owfrwc&jcif;? f h Gf kd f h k S fH (*) oufqi&mOya't& Ediiom;tjzpfrS &yfpom;a=umif; owfrwc&jcif;? kd f kfH J G S fH (C) EdiijH cm;tpd;k &. aus;Zl;opPmawmfukd cH,apmifa&Smufaool/ (od@k r[kw) EdiijH cm;tpd;k & kf l h kd f kf .vufatmufcjH zpfo/l (od@k r[kw) xdtpd;k &.Ediiom;jzpfo/l (od@k r[kw) xdtpd;k &.vuf f k kfH f k
439
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f atmufcjH zpfoaomfvnf;aumif;/ Ediiom;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aomtcGita&;rsm;ESihf l kfH hf aus;Zl;cHpm;cGirsm;udk cHpm;Edici&o[k a&G;aumufyctzG@J .qH;k jzwfc&jcif;? hf k f G hf dS l JG kH H (i) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS aumfr&Sif od@k r[kwf oufqi&muEkwxucihf yjcif;? f kd f f kd f f G fG (p) yk'r (8)/ yk'rcGJ (u)/ yk'rcGi,f (2)yg rdbrsm;rS arG;zGm;jcif;r[kwaom Ediiom;tjzpf ouf f f f J f kfH qdi&mu owfrwjf cif;? kf S (q) yk'r (10)/ yk'rcGJ (q) od@k r[kwf (Z) yg yk*Kd~ vf (od@k r[kw) tzG@J tpnf;.tzG@J 0ifjzpfa=umif;/ f f f oufqi&m w&m;H;k . qH;k jzwfc&jcif;? kd f H (Z) yk'r (10)/ yk'rcGJ (ps)/ (n) (od@k r[kw) () yg yk*Kd~ vf (od@k r[kw) tzG@J tpnf;w&yf. tzG@J f f f f tpnf;0ifjzpfa=umif;/ a&G;aumufyctzG@J . qH;k jzwfc&jcif;? JG kH H (ps) yk'r (10)/ yk'rcGJ (X) yg 0efxrf;jzpfa=umif;/ oufqi&m 0efxrf;tzG@J tpnf;t}u;D tuJu f f kd f ta=umif;=um;jcif;? tcef; (6) rJpm&if;ypkjcif; 12? (u) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; a&G;aumufwifajrmuf&ef rJqENe,ftoD;oD;twGuf qENrJ f kd f f ay;ykici&orsm;. rJpm&if;ukd aumfr&Siuypk&rnf? d f G hf dS l f (c) rJpm&if;rsm;ypkjcif;ESipyfvsO;f I aumfr&Sionf aumfr&SitzG@J crsm;udk wm0efay;I aqmif hf f f JG &GuapEdionf? f kf 13? (u) TOya'ygjyXmef;csursm;ESiqef@usiaom Ekiiom;/ {nfEiiom;/ Ekiiom;ycGi&olwi;f f hf f dfH h kd f H dfH hf dk onf rJqENe,fwe,fwiaexkiovnf;jzpfI a&G;aumufypwifusi;f yonfae@wif touf Gf df l JG h G wq,f&pEpjf ynfovnf;jzpfv#if &yfuuf (od@k r[kw) au|;&Gmtkypk aumfr&SitzG@J cu h S f S h l G f f f JG oufqi&mrJpm&if;Y xnfoi;f azmfjy&rnf? dk f h G (c) wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ EkiijH yifywGia&muf&aeaom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmf. oHtzG@J 0if df f dS dfH rsm;ESihf tdraxmifp0ifrsm; oH;Hk tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tdraxmifp0ifrsm;/ ynmawmfoifrsm;ESihf f k f k tdraxmifp0ifrsm;/ ud,pm;vS,tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tdraxmifp0ifrsm;/ tpk;d &.cGihf ycsujf zifh f k k f f f k EdiijH yifywGia&muf&aeolrsm;ESihf tdraxmifp0ifrsm;udk &yfuuf (ok@d r[kw) au|;&Gmtkypk kf f dS f k G f f aumfr&SitzG@J cu owfrwxm;onftwki;f oufqi&mrJpm&if;Y xnfoi;f azmfjy&rnf? f JG S f h d dk f h G 14? (u) rJqENe,fwe,f. rJpm&if;wGif trnfyg0ifaomEkiiom;/ {nfEiiom;/ Ekiiom;ycGi&olwi;f dfH h dk f H dfH hf dk onf ,if;rJqENe,fwiom qENray;ykici&onf? Gf J d f G hf dS (c) qENray;ykici&owOD;onf rJqENe,fwe,f.rJpm&if;rS tjcm;rJqENe,f.rJpm&if;od@k ckivHk J d f G hf dS l df aomta=umif;jycsujf zifh trnfajymif;a&$vkv#if owfrwxm;onftwki;f oufqi&m d S f h d dk f aumfr&SitzG@J co@kd av#mufxm;Ekionf/ f JG df (*) rJqENe,frsm;&Sd qENray;ykici&ol rnforqkd oufqi&mrJqENe,f. rJpm&if;wtckrS ty J d f G hf dS l dk f tjcm;rJqENe,f.rJpm&if;rsm;Y wcsewnf;wGif trnfpm;&ifyg0ifjcif;r&Sap&? df d 15? rJqENe,ftvkuf a&G;aumufyrusi;f yrD qENray;ykici&&Sorsm;. trnfpm&if;ukd owfrwxm; d JG J d f G hf d l S f
440
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f onftwki;f uwifa=unm&rnf? h d d 16? (u) TOya't& qENray;ydici&owOD;onf oufqi&mrJpm&if;wGif rdrtrnfyg0ifjcif;r&Sd J k f G hf dS l dk f d v#if oufqi&m&yfuuf (od@k r[kw) au|;&Gmtkypaumfr&SitzG@J co@kd rdrtrnfxnfoi;f ay; dk f G f fk f JG d h G &ef owfrwxm;onftwki;f awmif;qkvmukwifoi;f Ekionf? S f h d d $ d G df (c) oufqi&m&yfuuf (od@k r[kw) au|;&Gmtkypaumfr&SitzG@J cu trnfxnfoi;f ay;jcif; dk f G f f k f JG h G r&Sc@J v#if owfrwxm;onftwki;f rd e,faumfr&SitzG@J co@kd t,lcci&onf? ,if;aumfr&Sif d S f h d f JG H G hf dS tzG@J c.qk;H jzwfcsuonf yk'r (45) yg jyXmef;csursm;rSwyg; t+y;D jywfjzpfap&rnf? JG f f f 17? (u) rJpm&if;wGif ,if;rJqENe,fY qENray;ykicir&SowOD;. trnfyg0ifaea=umif; ,if;rJpm J d f G hf d l &if;Yyg0ifowOD;u uef@uuvv#if oufqi&m &yfuuf (od@k r[kw) au|;&Gmtkypaumfr&Sif l G f dk dk f G f fk tzG@J co@kd owfrwxm;onftwki;f uef@uuvmwifoi;f Edionf? JG S f h d G f $ G kf (c) oufqi&m&yfuuf (od@k r[kw) au|;&Gmtkypaumfr&SitzG@J cu ,if;trnfukd rJpm&if;rS dk f G f fk f JG y,fzsuay;jcif;r&Scv#if owfrwxm;onftwki;f rd e,faumfr&SitzG@J o@kd t,lcci&onf? f d hJ S f h d f H G hf dS ,if;aumfr&SitzG@J c. qk;H jzwfcsuonf yk'r (45) ygjyXmef;csursm;rSwyg; t+y;D tjywfjzpf f JG f f f ap&rnf? (*) r@d e,faumfr&SitzG@J cY t,lcrr+y;D jywfao;aomfvnf; rJpm&if;wGif trnfyg&+dS y;D jzpfaom f JG H_ oltm; rJray;&[krwm;jrpf&? ,if;tcGita&;t& ay;+y;D jzpfaomqENronfvnf; w&m;0if hf J jzpfap&rnf? 18? rJpm&if;wGiyg0ifci&vsuEihf yg0ifjcif;r&Sa=umif;awG@&v#if xktrnfrsm;udk aemufqufwrpm&if; f G hf dS f S d dS d JG J wGif xnfoi;f ay;jcif; (ok@d r[kw) rJpm&if;wGiygcir&Sbyg0ifa=umif;awG@&v#if xktrnfrsm;udk h G f f G hf d J dS d rJpm&if;rS y,fzsuay;jcif;udk aumfr&SiEiaumfr&SitzG@J ctqifqifw@dk u aqmif&u&rnf? f f S hf f JG h h G f tcef; (7) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; trnfpm&if;wifoGif;jcif; ESifh a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f cef@xm;jcif; 19? a&G;aumufywif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,Of yivowOD;onf owfrwf JG G f kd f f S d f dk l S xm;onftwki;f oufqi&mrd@e,fpaumfr&SitzG@J co@kd trnfpm&if;wifoi;f &rnf? h d dk f k f JG G 20? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;wOD;onf wydiwnf; rJqENe,fwe,fxufyI trnfpm&if; f kd f f f kd wifoi;f cGir&Sap&? G hf d 21? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoi;f xm;ol. trnfpm&if; wifoi;f v$m f kd f f G G onf owfrwcsursm;ESin!wjf cif; &Sd r&S/d vufc&ef oifh roifukd owfrwxm;onftwdi;f S f f hf D G H h S f h k oufqi&m r@d e,fpaumfr&SitzG@J cu pdppf&rnf? kd f k f JG 22? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoi;f xm;olwOD;onf owfrwxm;onfh f kd f f G S f twki;f rdr.trnfpm&if;wifoi;f v$mudk kyor;f cGi&onf? d d G f d hf dS 23? yk'r (21) t& oufqi&m r@d e,fpaumfr&SitzG@J cu pdppfonftcsewif f kd f k f JG h df G (u) oufqi&m v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoi;f xm;olonf kd f f kd f f G
441
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f rdrd wifjyvdaom taxmuftxm;rsm;udk wifjycGi&onf? k hf dS (c) oufqi&m v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoi;f xm;olonf a&G; kd f f kd f f G aumufwifajrmufcyicir&Sa=umif;/ (od@k r[kw) a&G;aumufwifajrmufyicihf t&nftcsi;f H kd f G hf d f kd f G rsm;ESihf jynfpjkH cif;r&Sa=umif;udk a&G;aumufywif qENray;ydici&owOD;OD;u vHavmufaom h d JG G J k f G hf dS l k taxmuftxm;rsm;wifjyI owfrwxm;onftwdi;f uef@uuEionf? S f h k G f kd f 24? oufqi&m r@d e,fpaumfr&SitzG@J conf owfrwxm;onftwdi;f pdppf+y;D aemuf atmufyg trde@f kd f k f JG S f h k w&yf&yfukd csrwEionf S f kd f (u) oufqi&m v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoi;f xm;oltm; kd f f kd f f G a&G;aumufwifajrmufcyici&onfh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf owfrwa=unm H kd f G hf dS f kd f f S f jcif;? (c) oufqi&m v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoi;f xm;oltm; a&G; kd f f dk f f G aumufwifajrmufcyicir&Sotjzpf owfrwa=unmjcif;? H dk f G hf d l S f 25? yk'r (24) t& csrwonftrde@f urauseyfoonf oufqi&m jynfe,f (od@k r[kw) wdi;f aumf f S f h kd l kd f f k r&SitzG@J co@kd owfrwxm;onftwdi;f t,lcci&onf? ,if;jynfe,f (od@k r[kw) wdi;f aumfr&Sif f JG S f h k H G hf dS f k tzG@J c.qH;k jzwfcsuonf yk'r (45) yg jyXmef;csursm;rSwyg; t+y;D tjywfjzpfap&rnf? JG f f f 26? a&G;aumufytwGuf v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoi;f xm;olonf JG f kd f f G owfrwxm;onftwdi;f rdru,ujdk zpfap/ tjcm;olwOD;udjk zpfap rdr.a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,f S f h k d dk f d JG kd f tjzpf cef@xm;&rnf? 27? (u) TOya't& v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcyicihf t&nftcsi;f ESihf f kd f f H dk f G jynfpouomv#if a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,tjzpfcef@xm;&rnf? ,if;ok@d cef@xm;&mwGif xko. Hk l kd JG kd f f d l oabmwlncsujf zifom cef@xm;&rnf/ D h (c) yk'rcGJ (u) t& cef@xm;onfa&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,f Ekwxuv#ijf zpfap/ uG,vev#if jzpfap/ f h JG kd f f G f f Gf a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS kyor;f cH&v#ijf zpfap v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f avmif;onf JG kd f f f d f kd f a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,f.tjzpf tjcm;olwOD;tm; xyfrcef@xm;Ekionf? JG kd f H df tcef; (8) qENrJay;jcif;
28? aumfr&Sionf f (u) a&G;aumufyrsm;udjk zpfEioa&$wyieuf wae@wnf;usi;f y&rnf? JG dk f df (c) a&G;aumufyrsm;udk jzpfEioa&$ trsm;jynfow@dk . tvkyyw&ufwiusi;f y&rnf? JG dk f l fd f Gf (*) a&G;aumufyusi;f yrnfae&ufukd uwifIowfrwa=unm&rnf? JG h d S f 29? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk oufqi&mrJqENe,frsm;wGif aexki=f uaom qENray;ydici&ol f kd f f kd f d J k f G hf dS rsm;u v#Kd 0SuqENrjJ zifh wkuua&G;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf? f d f kd f 30? aumfr&Sionf &yfuuEiau|;&Gmtkyptvkuxm;&Srnfh rJta&twGuukd qENray;ykici&oO;D f G f S hf fk d f d Hk f J d f G hf dS l a&ESihf a'otajctaeudrwnfI oifavsmovkd owfrwEionf? (od@k r[kw) jynfe,f (ok@d r[kw) kl h f S f dk f f f
442
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wki;f aumfr&SitzG@J crsm;tm; wm0efay;tyfEionf? rd e,faumfr&SitzG@J crsm;tm; rJae&mrsm; d f JG dk f f JG Hk owfrw&ef wm0efay;tyfEionf? S f dk f 31? rJrsm;udk trsm;jynfow@dk tvG,wulvma&mufqENray;Ekiaomae&mrsm;Y v#Kd 0SuqENray;r_ Hk l f J df f J udk rxdcuap&ef vkH cpmpDpOfxm;&S&rnf? rJrsm;wnf&onfae&mudk trsm;jynfow@dk o&ap&ef kd f HG d Hk dS h l d dS udwifa=unm&rnf? 32? rJqENe,ftoD;oD;&Srrsm;udk }u;D =uyfuuu&ef oufqi&mr@d e,faumfr&SitzG@J cu d J Hk G f J dk f f JG (u) 0efxrf;rsm;xJrS oifavsmorsm;udk rJr; rsm;tjzpfcef@tyf&rnf? h f l Hk (c) rJtzG@J rsm;udk jzpfEioa&$@ 0efxrf;rsm;ESihf a'ocHtrsm;jynfow@kd . ,k=H unfav;pm;jcif; Hk dk f l cH&aomEkiiom;/ {nfEiiom; (od@k r[kw) Ekiiom;ycGi&olrsm;jzifh owfrwxm;onfh dfH h dk f H f dfH hf S f twki;f zG@J pnf;wm0efay;tyf&rnf? d (*) rJtzG@J rsm;ESihf rJr; rsm;. wm0efEivyyicirsm;udk enf;Oya'rsm;jzifh owfrway;&rnf? Hk Hk S hf k f dk f G hf S f 33? a&G;aumufyusi;f yonfae@wif rdra&G;aumufwifajrmufcrnfh rJqENe,ftwGi;f &Sd rJtoD;oD;Y JG h G d H Hk rdru,pm;aqmif&uEi&ef v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;toD;oD;onf rJu,pm;vS,wOD;ESihf d kd f G f dk f f kd f f Hk kd f f tulu,pm;vS,wOD;pDukd owfrwxm;onftwki;f cef@xm;Ekionf? ,if;rJu,pm;vS,Eihf kd f f S f h d df Hk dk f fS tulu,pm;vS,w@dk onf qENray;ykici&orsm; jzpfap&rnf? dk f f J d f G hf dS l 34? (u) rJqENe,fwe,fwif a&G;aumufwifajrmufcrnfh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; wOD;wnf; G H f kd f f om&Sv#if ,if;rJqENe,ftwGi;f a&G;aumufyusi;f yjcif;ryawmhbJ xky*K~d vftm; v$wawmf d JG dk f uk,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; aumfr&Siua=unm&rnf? d f f (c) rJqENe,fwe,fwif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; wOD;xufyI&Scv#if rJyk;H ESihf qENrvuf G f kd f f kd d hJ J rSwrsm;ukd enf;Oya'rsm;jzifh owfrwxm;onftwki;f yvkyppOfI qENray;ap&rnf? f S f h d fD J 35? a&G;aumufyusi;f yonfae@wif rJrsm;udk eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (4) em&Dtxd zGivpxm;&rnf? JG h G Hk hf S f od@k &mwGif qENray;ykici&otm;vk;H qENray;+y;D ygu rJrsm;ukd nae (4) em&DxufapmI ydwEif J d f G hf dS l J Hk f dk onf? 36? qENray;ykici&orsm;onf oufqi&mrJtoD;oD;Y qENrvufrwrsm;udk ud,wivma&muf J d f G hf dS l dk f Hk J S f k f dk f xkw,&rnf? oufqi&mrJyk;H twGi;f od@k ,if;qENrvufrwukd ud,wixnf&rnf? rnfor# f l dk f J S f k f dk f h l ud,pm; vS,apv$wI qENray;jcif;ry&? k f f f J 37? qENray;ykici&owOD;onf a&G;aumufywckwif J d f G hf dS l JG G (u) qENrwrJom ay;ydici&onf? J k f G hf dS (c) w}urxufyI qENray;ykicir&Sap&? df kd J d f G hf d 38? (u) oufqi&mrJqENe,fjyifyod@k a&mufaeaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ ausmif;om;rsm;/ oifwef; dk f om;rsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm;/ tcsKyfcae&olrsm;/ aqk&twGi;f vlemrsm;onf uwifqENrvufrwf H H dS d J S jzifh oufqi&mrJqENe,ftwGuf qENray;Eki&ef oufqi&m rd e,faumfr&SitzG@J u pDpOfay; fdk f J fd f dk f f &rnf? (c) qENray;ydici&owOD;onf a&G;aumufyusi;f yonfae@wif rdrtrnfpm&if;yg0ifaom rJqEN J k f G hf dS l JG h G d e,frausmveI c&D;a0;oGm;vm&ef&v#if uwifqENrvufrwjf zifh qENray;eki&ef oufqif S f Gf dS d J S J df dk
443
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &m&yfuuf (od@k r[kw) aus;&Gmtkypaumfr&SitzG@J cu pDpOfay;&rnf? G f fk f GJ (*) rJqENe,ftwGi;f &Saomfvnf; atmufygta=umif;wckca=umifh rJo@kd ud,wivma&muf d k Hk k f fdk f qENrray;Ekiorsm;onf qENray;vkv#if uwifqENrvufrwjf zifh qENray;Eki&ef owfrwf J df l J d d J S J df S xm;onftwdi;f oufqi&m&yfuuf (od@k r[kw) aus;&Gmtkypk aumfr&SitzG@J cu pDpOfay;& h k dk f G f f f JG rnf (1) tem}uD;a&m*gpuyfaejcif;/ JG (2) a&m*ga0'emjyif;xefpmcHpm;ae&jcif;/ G (3) touft&G,}f uD;&ifaejcif;/ h (4) aetdrwir;D zGm;aejcif;/ f Gf (5) &JtcsKyfpcef; (od@k r[kw) tusO;f pcef;wGif tcsKyfcae&jcif;/ f H (6) aq;kY twGi;f vlemtjzpf aq;0g;ukor_c,ae&jcif;/ H H l (7) 0efxrf; (od@k r[kw) wyfawmfom; (od@k r[kw) &Jwyfz@JG 0ifwOD;onf rJpm&if;yg&&ma'orS f f dS ausmveI oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf;aqmif&jcif;? f Gf (C) uwifqENrvufrwf (od@k r[kw) qENrvufrwwif rdru,wia&;oGi;f &ef tcuftcJ&dS d J S f J S f G d kd f dk f olrsm;twGuf qENy&rnfenf;vrf;udk enf;Oya'rsm;jzifh owfrway;&rnf? h S f 39? (u) a&G;aumufyusi;f yonftcseY EkiijH yifywGia&muf&aeaom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmf. JG h df df f dS dfH oHtzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tdraxmifp0ifrsm;/ oH;Hk tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tdraxmifp0ifrsm;/ ynmawmfoif f k f k rsm;ESihf tdraxmifp0ifrsm;/ ud,pm;vS,tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tdraxmifp0ifrsm;/ tpk;d &.cGihf ycsuf f k k f f f k jzifh EkiijH yifywGia&muf&aeaomolrsm;ESihf tdraxmifp0ifrsm;u oufqi&mrJqENe,frsm; df f dS f k dk f twGuf uwifIqENray;Eki&ef aumfr&SiupDpOfay;&rnf? d J df f (c) EkiijH yifywGia&muf&aeaom qENray;ydici&orsm;u uwifIqENray;Ekia&;twGuf jynf df f dS J k f G hf dS l d J fd f axmifpjk refrmEdiiawmftpd;k &/ EkiijH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xmeu wm0ef,qufo,f aqmif&uay; kfH df l G G f &rnf? tcef; (9) qENrJa&wGufjcif;ESifh twnfya=unmjcif; 40? (u) &yfuuf (od@k r[kw) aus;&Gmtkypaumfr&SitzG@J conf rdrEioufqiaom rJtoD;oD;ESihf G f fk f JG d S hf dk f Hk ywfoufonfh yk'r 38 yk'rcGJ (c) ESihf (*) wd@k t& qENyxm;aom uwifqENrvufrwrsm;ESihf f f d J S f trnfpm&if;rsm;ukd a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yaomae@wif rJrzGirD oufqi&mrJr; .vuf0,fo@kd G Hk hf dk f Hk ta&mufay;yk@d &rnf? (c) oufqi&mrJqENe,ftvkuf qENrvufrwrsm;udk qENray;jcif; +y;D jywfv#i+f y;D jywfcsi;f rJr; dk f d J S f J Hk ud,wijf zpfap/ ,if;uwm0efay;tyfaom rJtzG@J 0ifujzpfap rJwiyif rJtzG@J 0ifrsm;/ trsm; k f fdk Hk Hk G f Hk jynfolrsm;/ rJkHudk,fpm;vS,frsm;a&SarSmufY a&wGuf&rnf? qENrJrsm; a&wGuf&mwGif ckivaomqENrEihf rckivaomqENrrsm;udk enf;Oya'rsm;ESitnDcjJG cm;I a&wGu&rnf? fd f Hk JS d f Hk J hf f
444
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&wGu&&SaomtqENrta&twGuukd owfrwonftwdi;f pm&if;ypk+y;D qENrpm&if;Z,m; f d J f S f h k J rsm;ukd r@d e,faumfr&SitzG@J co@kd ay;yd@k &rnf? rdwLW wapmifukd &yfuuf od@k r[kwf aus;&Gmtkypk f JG G f aumfr&SitzG@J co@kd ay;yd@k &rnf? f JG (*) &yfuuf (od@k r[kw) aus;&Gmtkypaumfr&SitzG@J conf rdre,fajrtwGi;f &Sd rJr; rsm;u owf G f fk f JG d Hk rSwxm;onftwki;f ypkxm;aomqENrpm&if;Z,m;rsm;udk rd e,faumfr&SitzG@J co@kd tcserD f h d J f JG df a&muf&ap&ef tjrefq;Hk ay;yd@k a&;twGuf vktyfovk}d u;D =uyfaqmif&u&rnf? dS d G f (C) r@d e,faumfr&SitzG@J crsm;onf a&G;aumufyusi;f yonfae@ nae (4) em&DrwdirD rdrvuf f JG JG h kf d 0,fo@kd a&muf&aeaom yk'r 38 yk'rcGJ (u) ESihf yk'r 39 yk'rcGJ (u)wk@d t& qENyxm;onfh dS f f f f uwifqENrvufrwrsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm; (od@k r[kw) ,if;wd@k . a&G; d J S f f kd f f f aumufyu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf trsm;jynfoa&SarSmufYa&wGu+f yD; oufqi&mqENrpm&if; JG kd f f l kd f J Z,m;rsm;udk owfrwxm;onftwki;f v$wawmfrqENe,f we,fptwGuf aygi;f k;H pkpnf;& S f h d f J D rnf? 41? (u) rd e,faumfr&SitzG@J conf rJqENe,fwe,fwif a&G;aumufwifajrmufcrnfh v$wawmf ud,f f JG G H f k pm;vS,avmif; wOD;xufyI&Scv#if ,if;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;toD;oD;&&Saom f kd d hJ f kd f f d qENrta&twGuukd a=unm&rnf? qENrtrsm;qk;H &&Soukd a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&ol J f J d l H tjzpf aumfr&Siuowfrwa=unmEki&efvnf;aumif;/ qENrta&twGuwnaev#if a&G; f S f df J f l D aumufyxyfrusi;f yEkia&;twGuvnf;aumif; r@d e,fpaumfr&SitzG@J co@kd tjrefq;Hk wifjy JG H df f k f JG &rnf? (c) r@d e,faumfr&SitzG@J c. yk'rcGJ (u) t& wifjycsuu&&Sv#if r@d e,fpaumfr&SitzG@J conf f JG f f kd d k f JG rdrw@dk .oabmxm;rSwcsuEitwl aumfr&Sio@kd tjrefq;Hk qufvufwifjy&rnf? rdwLW w d f f S hf f apmifukd jynfe,f (od@k r[kw) wki;f aumfr&SitzG@J co@kd wifjy&rnf? f d f JG (*) aumfr&Sionf rd@e,faumfr&SitzG@J c. yk'rcGJ (c) ESitnD ay;yd@k onfpm&if;rsm;t& a&G; f f JG f hf h aumufwifajrmufc&olukd a=unm&rnf? qENrta&twGuwnaea=umif; yk'rcGJ (u) H J f l D f t&wifjyvmv#if a&G;aumufyGJxyfrHusif;ya&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I aumfr&Sifu!$ef=um;onfh twki;f r@d e,fpaumfr&SitzG@J conf enf;Oya'rsm;ESitnD aqmif&uay;&rnf? trsm;qk;H d k f JG hf G f &&Sdaom qENrJta&twGufwlnDaeojzifh a&G;aumufyGJxyfrHusif;yay;&efjzpfv#if xkd qENrwnaeolrsm;omv#if ,SOf ydia&G;aumufwifajrmufcyici&onf? J l D f H kd f G hf dS tcef; (10) aumfr&Sif.vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;
42? aumfr&Sifonf (u) obm0ab;tE &m,fwckca=umifh a&G;aumufyrusi;f yEdiaom rJqENe,frsm;wGif ,if; W k JG kf ab;tE &m,fuif;&Si;f +yD;onftxd/ a&G;aumufyua&$qdi;f Edionf? W JG kd k kf (c) rJqENe,fwe,fY a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf rJpm&if;ypk&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENray;&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ vHk crtajctaer&Sv#if ,if;rJqENe,ftwGuf a&G;aumufyukd J H_ d JG
445
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&$@qdkif;Edkifonf? (*) v$wawmfrqENe,fwe,fwiyg0ifaom tcsKd a'orsm;Y a&G;aumufyrsm;usi;f y&ef tajc f J Gf JG tae&S+d yD;/ tcsKd @a'orsm;Y a&G;aumufyusi;f y&ef tajctaer&Sv#if a&G;aumufyusi;f y&ef JG d JG tajctae&Saoma'orsm;Y a&G;aumufyusi;f y&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyusi;f y&ef d JG JG tajctaer&Saoma'orsm;Y a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yjcif;ry&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJrsm;udk vHk cH d kH r_&aom ae&mrsm;od@k ajymif;a&$usi;f y&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qH;k jzwfEionf? od@k &mwGif rJpm&if; dS kd f t& rJqEN&itm;vH;k . (51) &mcdiEe;f u qENray;+y;D jzpfv#if xajrmufaom a&G;aumufytjzpf Sf kf_ J JG owfrwEionf? vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyusi;f y&efrjzpfEi[k aumfr&Siu,lq S f kd f f JG kd f f v#if ,if;rJqENe,fwe,fv;kH .a&G;aumufyukd a&$qdi;f Edionf? JG k kf 43? a&G;aumufyrsm;a&$qdi;f jcif;/ rJrsm;udk vHk cr&aomae&mrsm;od@k ajymif;a&$usi;f yjcif;ESipyfv#O;f JG k kH H _ dS hf onfvyyiciukd aumfr&Siu aumfr&SitzG@J ctoD;oD;od@k oifav#movdk v$tyfEionf? h k f kd f G hf f f JG h f J kd f 44? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; wOD;om&Sonf/h rJqENe,fwe,fwif a&G;aumufyrusi;f yrD/ ,if; f kd f f d G JG v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; uG,vev#ijf zpfap/ a&G;aumufwifajrmufcyicir&Sa=umif; awG@&dS f kd f f f Gf H kd f G hf d v#ijf zpfap ,if;rJqENe,ftwGuf a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;ESipyfv#O;f I v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f JG hf f kd f avmif;trnfpm&if;wifoi;f onftqifrpI jyefvnfaqmif&u&rnf? G h hS G f 45? a&G;aumufyuptwGuf aumfr&SitzG@J ctoD;oD;. a&G;aumufyqi&maqmif&ucsu/f qH;k jzwf JG d P f JG JG kd f G f csursm;ESipyfv#O;f I aumfr&Sionf rdr.oabmqENtav#muf oufqi&mtr_w/JG pm&Guf f hf f d kd f pmwrf;rsm;udk awmif;ac:=unfI vdtyfovdtqH;k tjzwfcsrwEionf? ,if;qH;k jzwfcsuonf h_ k k S f kd f f t+yD;tjywfjzpfap&rnf? 46? aumfr&Sionf vGwvyfI w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyukd atmifjrifpmusi;f yEdia&;twGuf f f JG G kf vdtyfovdk aqmif&uEionf? k G f kd f tcef; (11) a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh ukefusp&dwfrsm; 47? a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,onf oufqi&ma&G;aumufytwGuf a&G;aumufyqi&mukeusp&dwf JG kd f f kd f JG JG dk f f rsm;udk owfrwxm;onftwki;f pepfwusxe;f odr;f xm;&S&rnf? ,if;ukeusp&dwpm&if;ukd owf S f h d d d f f rSwxm;onfenf;vrf;ESitnD oufqi&m r@d e,fpaumfr&SitzG@J co@kd wifjy&rnf? f h hf dk f k f JG 48? a&G;aumufytwGuf ukeusp&dwtrsm;qk;H E_e;f xm;onfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyEipyfvsO;f I JG f f JG S hf v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;twGuf tca=u;aiGjzifaqmif&uoO;D a&onfvnf;aumif;/ enf; f kd f f h G f l Oya'rsm;jzifh owfrwonftwki;f jzpfonf? S f h d tcef; (12) a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m jypfr_rsm;ESifh jypf'%frsm; 49? (u) a&G;aumufyrsm;wGif yk*Kd~ vfwOD;. qENray;ykiciEihf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcyiciw@dk ukd usihf JG J d f G hf S H kd f G hf ok;H jcif;ryEkiap&ef t=urf;zufjcif;/ +cr;f ajcmufjcif;/ ravsm=f oZmok;H jcif;/ vdrvnfvnjhf zm; df d f S
446
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jcif;/ vmbfay;jcif; (od@k r[kw) vmbf,jl cif;wk@d ukd rnfor#ry&/ f l (c) rnforqkd yk'rcGJ (u) yg wm;jrpfcsuwckcukd azmufzsuusL;vGejf cif;a=umifh jypfrxif&m; l f f k f _ S pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%fwESptxdjzpfap/ usyEpaxmiftxdaiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%f f fSf ESp&yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscap&rnf? f H 50? rnfor# atmufygwm;jrpfcsuw&yf&yfukd azmufzsuusL;vGejf cif;ry&/ azmufzsuusL;vGea=umif; l f f f f jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%fwESptxdjzpfap/ usyEpaxmiftxd aiG'%fujkd zpfap/ _ S f f S f jypf'%fEp&yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscap&rnf Sf H (u) a&G;aumufrqi&mtcGita&;udk rw&m;ojzif&&Sap&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ ,if;tcGihf _ dk f hf h d ta&;ud&&ScjhJ cif;twGuf aus;Zl;wk@H jyefonftaejzifaomfvnf;aumif;/ aiG/ ukeypPn;f / tpm; k d h h f taomuf/ &mxl;/ tvkytudiae&majymif;a&$r_ponfh enf;vrf;wckcukd tok;H yvsuf f kf k vmbfay;jcif;/ vmbf,jl cif;/ (c) a&G;aumufrqi&mtcGita&;udk vGwvyfpmrusio;Hk Ekiap&ef v$wawmfu,pm; _ dk f hf f G hf d f f kd f vS,avmif;wOD;OD;ukaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENray;ykici&owOD;OD;udaomfvnf;aumif;/ +cr;f f d J d f G hf dS l k d ajcmufjcif;/ (*) vlrsK;d a&;udjk zpfap/ bmoma&;udjk zpfap ta=umif;jyI qENray;&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ J qENrray;&efaomfvnf;aumif; ajymqkjd cif;/ a[majymjcif;/ a=unmcsuxwjf yefjcif;ESihf ,if; J f k od@k yvky&eftm;ay;v_@H aqmfjcif;/ f (C) qENray;jcif;udysujf ym;ap&ef v_@H aqmfajym=um;jcif;/ pnf;a0;a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ J k jzef@csjd cif;/ ydpwmrsm;tok;H yjcif;? k 51? rnfor# atmufygwm;jrpfcsuw&yf&yfukd azmufzsuusL;vGejf cif; od@k r[kwf tjcm;olwOD;OD;tm; l f f azmufzsuusL;vGeap&ef tm;ay;ulnjD cif;ry&/ azmufzsuusL;vGea=umif; (od@k r[kw) azmufzsuf f f f f f usL;vGe&eftm;ay;ulna=umif; jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if xkotm; axmif'%f (6) vtxd f D _ S d l jzpfap/ usyfwaxmiftxd aiG'%fujdk zpfap/ jypf'%fEp&yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscap&rnf Sf H (u) aumfr&SiEihf aumfr&SitzG@J crsm;u xkwjf yefxm;aom pm&if;/ ta=umif;=um;pm (od@k r fS f JG [kwf) tjcm;pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ukd rkd;ajzmifhaomoabmjzifh zwfr&atmifyvkyfjcif;/ (od@k r[kw) zsuq;D jcif;/ f f (c) rJpm&if;ukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJvufrSwfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ pmwkdufrSwqifh ay;yd@k &mwGif tok;H yaom pmtdwf (od@k r[kw) txkyuaomfvnf;aumif;/ vdrvnfvnjhf zm; f f kd f S vkaomoabmjzifh zsuq;D jcif; (od@k r[kw) ,if;wd@k wif a&;oGi;f xm;csursm;udk zwfr&atmif d f f G f yvkyjf cif;/ (*) qENrvufrwukd rormaomenf;jzifh tjcm;olwOD;tm; ay;jcif;/ J S f (C) xnfci&aom qENrvufrwrty tjcm;ypPn;f wckcukd rJy;kH twGi;f od@k xnfoi;f jcif;/ h G hf dS J S fS k h G (i) tok;H yqJjzpfaom rJy;kH udaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrvufrwuaomfvnf;aumif; tcGihf k J S f kd tm%mr&SdbJ zGifhvSpfjcif; (odk@r[kwf) zsufqD;jcif;/ (p) a&G;aumufywif rJqENe,fwe,fxufyaom rJqENe,frsm;twGuf qENray;jcif;/ JG G kd J
447
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (q) a&G;aumufywckcwif rJqENe,fwe,ftwGuf w}urxufyI qENray;jcif;/ JG k G df kd J (Z) olwyg;[efaqmifI qENrvufrwukd vma&mufawmif;qkjd cif;/ qENray;jcif;/ J S f J (ps) a&G;aumufyusi;f yaepOf rJtwGi;f od@k 0ifcir&SbJ 0ifa&mufjcif;/ JG Hk G hf d (n) twkyvkyxm;aom qENrvufrwwpfccujkd zpfap/ trsm;ukjd zpfap rJy;Hk twGi;f od@k xnfh f J S f kk oGi;f jcif;? 52? rnforqkd a&G;aaumufyusi;f yonfae@wif qENray;ydici&owOD;OD;udk qENrray;Ekiatmif l JG h G J k f G hf dS l J df aESmif,ua=umif;/ (od@k r[kw) aESmif,u&eftm;ay;ulna=umif;/ jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if h S f f h S f D _ S axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usywaxmiftxd aiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%fEp&yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscH f Sf ap&rnf? 53? (u) rnfor# rJay;onfae@wif rJtwGi;f Yjzpfap/ rJruuw&mtuGmtwGi;f Yjzpfap atmufyg l h G Hk Hk S kd f wckcukd ryvky& k f (1) rJq,jf cif;/ G (2) rJqEN&iwOD;OD;tm; v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;wOD;OD;udk rJay;&efawmif;qkjd cif;/ Sf f kd f f (3) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmifwOD;OD;udk rJray;&efaomfvnfaumif;/ a&G;aumufyYrJay; f kd f f JG &efaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJray;bJae&efaomfvnf;aumif; wkuwe;f aoG;aqmifjcif;? d f G &Sif;vif;csuf? ? Tyk'ryguptvk@d im rJrwyg; tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif a&G;aumufyEihf f dP S Hk S JG S oufqionfh a=umfjim/ pm&Gupmwrf; ponfw@dk uyfxm;jcif;/ cswqJG kd f f d f xm;jcif; ryg0if? (c) rnforqkd yk'rcGJ (u) ygwm;jrpfcsuw&yf&yfukd azmufzsuusL;vGea=umif; jypfrxif&m; l f f f f _ S pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usywaxmiftxd aiG'%fjzpfap/ jypf'%fEp&yf f Sf vk;H ukjd zpfap uscap&rnf? H 54? aumfr&SitzG@J ctqifqiftygt0if a&G;aumufyEioufqionfh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk xrf; f JG h h JG S hf kd f aqmifaomyk*Kd~ vfonf atmufygjyXmef;csursm;udk vduemaqmif&u&rnf? ,if;jyXmef;csuf f k f G f w&yf&yfukd azmufzsuusL;vGea=umif;/ jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ f f _ S usywaxmiftxd aiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%f (2) &yfv;kH udjk zpfap uscap&rnf f H (u) a&G;aumufyrsm;ESioufqiaom pm&if;Z,m;ESihf rSwwrf;rsm;udk wduspmypk xde;f odr;f JG hf kd f f G jcif;? (c) v#Kd 0SuqENray;jcif;udk ulnapmifa&Smufjcif;? f J D h (*) aumfr&Sifu xkwfjyefcGifhyaom pm&if;tcsuftvufrsm;rSwyg; tjcm;udpPrsm;ESifh pyfvsO;f I aygu=f um;jcif;r&Sap&ef apmifxe;f jcif;? d h d (C) a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wOD;OD;twGuf rSefrSefuefuef aqmif&ujf cif;/ rnfonfvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;twGur# rJrqG,jf cif;/ bufrvduf G h $ f kd f f f k jcif;? 55? (u) rJqENe,ftwGi;f qENray;onfae@wif bmoma&;ESipyfvsO;f onfuprty rnfor# trsm; J h G hf h dPS l jynfowufa&mufEiaom tpnf;ta0;zdwac: jcif;/ usi;f yjcif;ry&? ,if;uJo@kd tpnf; l dk f f h
448
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ta0;rsK;d udvnf; wufa&mufjcif;ry&? k (c) rnforqkd yk'rcGJ (u) ygwm;jrpfcsuukd azmufzsuusL;vGea=umif; jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH& l f f f f _ S v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usywaxmiftxd aiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%fEp&yfv;Hk udk f Sf jzpfap uscap&rnf? H 56? (u) rnfor# qENray;onfae@wif qENray;&efvma&muforsm; pdwf ijd iifap&ef (od@k r[kw) rJwif l J h G J l f Hk G wm0efusaom rJr; ESirtzG@J 0ifrsm; 0wW&m;aqmif&ujf cif;udk taESmift,Sujf zpfap&ef Hk hf J Hk G h rJtwGi;f Yjzpfap/ rJruuig;&mtwGi;f Yjzpfap/ toHcsJ puftp&Saom vl.toHudk us,f Hk Hk S kd f d atmifyvkyonfh ud&,mwefqmok;H pGjJ cif;/ atmf[pfjcif;tp&Saom pnf;urf;rJonftytrl f d d h h rsm;ry&/ (c) rnforqkd yk'rcGJ (u) yg wm;jrpfcsuwckcukd azmufzsuusL;vGea=umif; jypfrxif&m; l f f k f f _ S pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usywaxmiftxdaiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%f f ESp&yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscap&rnf? f H 57? (u) rnforqkd rJwiqENray;&ef owfrwxm;aomtcseem&DtwGi;f rJY rzG,r&maom l Hk G f J S f df Hk f tr_ukd yv#if (od@k r[kw) rJr; u rdr.wm0ef0wW&m;t& ay;onftrde@f ukd remcHv#if xkoukd f Hk d h d l rJr; . trde@f jzifaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJr; .tcGitm%m& rJtzG@J 0ifwOD;. trde@f jzifaomf Hk h Hk hf Hk h vnf;aumif; wm0efus jynfo@l &wyfz@JG 0if (ok@d r[kw) tjcm;vkH ca&;wm0ef&ou rJrz,f J f H dS l Hk S &Sm;ypf&rnf? (c) rJkHrSz,f&Sm;jcif;cH&olonf rJkHr;.cGifhycsufr&&SdbJ rJkHokd@jyef0ifvmjcif;a=umifh jypfr_xif &Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usywaxmiftxd aiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf f '%fEp&yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscap&rnf? Sf H 58? yk'r 54 t& jypf'%fxuaomjypfrukd aumfr&Sif (od@k r[kw) aumfr&Sir&Sawmhv#if tpd;k &. f dk f _ f f d cGihf yrde@f (od@k r[kw) Tudptvk@d im tpd;k &u tcGitm%mv$tyfxm;onfy*Kd~ vf. cGihf yrde@f &&SrS f P S hf J hk d om w&m;pGq&rnf? J dk 59? rnforqdk a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;qki&m jypfrrsm;ESipyfvsO;f I vdrvnfpypwiwef;a=umif; l df _ hf f G f JG fdk f jypfrxif;&SmpD&ifjcif;cHv#if xkoudk axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usywaxmiftxd aiG'%fukd _ d l f jzpfap/ jypf'%fEp&yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscap&rnf? Sf H 60? wOD;wa,mufaomolonf TOya'wGijf yXmef;xm;onfh jypfrwckcukd usL;vGeonf (od@k r[kw) _ k f f usL;vGeqjJ zpfonfuawG@&v#if rJr; onf xkouzrf;qD;&ef wm0efusjynfo@l &wyfz@JG 0if (od@k r[kw) f kd dS Hk d l kd J f tjcm;vkH ca&;wm0ef&otm; trde@f ay;Ekionf? H dS l df 61? a&G;aumufyrqi&m jypfrrsm;ESipyfvsO;f I oufqi&mrJqENe,fwif rJqENay;ykici&ol wOD;OD; JG _ dk f _ hf dk f G d f G hf dS ujzpfap/ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (od@k r[kw) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f wOD;OD;ujzpfap/ f kd f f f f kd f rJqENe,ftwGuf wm0ef,aqmif&u&aom aumfr&SitzG@J co@kd r[kwf rJtzG@J wckcwiyg0ifaom l G f f JG Hk k Gf tzG@J 0ifwOD;OD;ujzpfap oufaotaxmuftxm;ckivpmjzifh a&G;aumufyrusi;f yrDaomfvnf; d f Hk G JG aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaepOfaomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@rS (15) &uftwGif; aomfvnf;aumif; oufqkdif&mrd@e,fw&m;kH;odk@ av#mufxm;pGJqkdEdkifonf?
449
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tcef; (13) w&m;rJhyusifhr_rsm; 62? atmufygw@kd onf w&m;rJh yusirrsm;jzpfonf hf _ (u) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;ujzpfap/ ,if;.a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,ujzpfap/ f kd f f JG kd f f ,if; wd@k wOD;OD;. oabmwlncsujf zifh tjcm;olwOD;OD;ujzpfap/ atmufygjypfrrsm;udk usL;vGef D _ jcif; (1) vmbfay;vmbf,r_ yvkyjf cif;? l (2) a&G;aumufrqi&mtcGita&;udk taESmift,Suf yvkyjf cif;? _ kd f hf h (3) olwyg;[efaqmifjcif;? (4) r[kwrrSef ajymqda=unmjcif;? f k (5) r[kwrrSef 0efcvufrwa&;xd;k jcif;? f H S f (c) rJqENe,fwe,ftwGuf a&G;aumufyGJwGifw}udrfxufydkI qENrJay;jcif; (odk@r[kwf) a&G;aumufyrsm;udk wcsewnf;usi;f ypOf we,fxufyaom rJqENe,frsm;twGuf qENray; JG df kd J jcif;jzifh rdrvvm;aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tm; tusK;d &Sapjcif;/ d dk f kd f f d (*) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,uaomfvnf;aumif;/ ,if;.a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,uaomf f kd f f JG kd f f vnf;aumif; a&G;aumufyEipyfvsO;f I owfrwcsuEirnDbJ aiGurw&m;tukecjH cif; (od@k r JG S hf S f f S hf kd f [kw) rw&m;tukec&ef oabmwlnjD cif;/ f fH (C) a&G;aumufyueusp&dwaiGpm&if;rsm;ukd a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,u a&;rSwxm;&ef JG k f f JG kd f f f ysuuujf cif;/ f G (i) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (od@k r[kw) ,if;. a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,. oabm f kd f f f JG kd f f wlncsujf zifh wOD;wa,mufaomolu qENray;csewif rJrqENrvufrwukd tjcm;ok@d ,l D J d f G Hk S J S f aqmifom;jcif;/ G (p) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (od@k r[kw) ,if;.a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,. wkuwe;f f kd f f f GJ dk f f d f G csujf zifaomfvnf;aumif;/ oabmwlncsujf zifaomfvnf;aumif; atmufygw@kd udk usL;vGef h D h jcif;/ (1) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf yg0if&ef (od@k r[kw) ryg0ifbae&ef (od@k f kd f f f J r[kw) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS Ekwxu&ef&nf&,csujf zifaomf f f dk f f f G f G f h vnf;aumif;/aus;Zl;wk@H jyefcsujf zifaomfvnf;aumif;wOD; wa,mufaom h olu vmbfvmbvufcjH cif; (od@k r[kw) vmbfvmbvufc&ef oabm f H wljcif;/ (2) qENray;&ef (od@k r[kw) qENrray;bJae&ef rJqEN&iwOD;OD;udk aoG;aqmif J f J Sf &efjzpfap/ aoG;aqmifvojziftm;xkw&efjzpfap wOD;wa,mufou rdrd dk h f l twGuf (od@k r[kw) olwyg;twGuf vmbfvmb vufc&efoabmwljcif;? f H (q) rrSeruefyvkyxm;aom a&G;aumufyueusp&dwaiGpm&if;udk wifjyjcif; (ok@d r[kw) f f JG k f f f xkuo@kd a&G;aumufyueusp&dwaiGpm&if;ukd rSeuefonf[k 0efcjH cif; (od@k r[kw) owfrwf d hJ JG k f f f f S
450
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f xm;onftwki;f wifoi;f &efysuuujf cif;/ h d G f G (Z) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;r[kwaom (od@k r[kw) ,if;.a&G;aumufyJG ud,pm;vS,f f kd f f f f k f r[kwaom tjcm;olwOD;OD;u ,if;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;. cGihf ycsur&SbJ v$wf f f kd f f f d awmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&atmifjzpfap/ a&G;aumufwifajrmufc& kd f f H H atmiftm;ay;vkdaoma=umifhjzpfap/ tpnf;ta0;usif;yIaomfvnf;aumif;/ pm&Guf pmwrf;rsm;a0iSIaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;wenf;enf;jzifhaomfvnfaumif; aiGtukef tuscjH cif; (od@k r[kw) ukeus&ef cGihf yjcif;/ f f (ps) ykEyo/l xkwa0olw@dk . trnfae&yfryg&aom a&G;aumufyEioufqionfh a=umfjim/ H dS f f dS JG S hf dk f pm&Gupmwrf;/ ykpwm ponfw@dk ukd jzef@csxwa0jcif;jzifh rdrvvm;aom v$wawmfu,pm; f d d k f d dk f dk f vS,avmif;tm; tusK;d &Sapjcif;/ f d (n) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (od@k r[kw) ,if;.a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,ujzpfap/ f kd f f f JG kd f f ,if;wdk@wOD;OD;. oabmwlnDcsuft& tjcm;olwOD;ujzpfap v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f avmif;wOD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&a&;twGuf tultnDudk 0efxrf;wOD;OD;xHr&,ljcif;/ H S t&,l&eftm;ay;ulnjD cif; (od@k r[kw) &,l&ef tm;xkwjf cif;/ f () v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;wOD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&a&;twGuf bmoma&;t f dk f f H xdr;f trSwrsm;ukd a&G;aumufywitok;H yjcif; (od@k r[kw) vlrsK;d ukjd zpfap/ ud;k uG,&mbmom f JG G f f f ukjd zpfap ta=umif;yrJay;=u&ef (od@k r[kw) rJray;bJae=u&ef tpDtpOfyvsuf v_@H aqmfjcif;/ f (X) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;wOD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&a&;twGuf ygwwckcukd f kd f f H D k jzpfap/ yk*Kd~ vfwOD;OD;jzpfap t=urf;zufjcif;/ rrSeruefpypjJG cif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ trsm;jynfol f Gf qlyrj_ zpfatmifzefw;D jcif;? l tcef; (14) a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH&jcif;ESifhpyfv#Of;I uef@uGufcsufrsm;udk tqHk;tjzwfay;jcif; 63? a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&jcif;udk uef@uuvygu Ttcef;&Sd jymef;csursm;ESitnD wifoi;f aom H G f kd f hf G a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mjzifh uef@uGuf&rnf? 64? (u) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&oltm;uef@uuaom a&G;aumuf f kd f f H G f yGuef@uuvmudk rnfonfvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;urqkd (od@k r[kw) rnfonfh rJqEN J G f $ h $ f kd f f f &Siurqkd yk'r 45 t& aumfr&Siuqk;H jzwf+y;D onfup&yfrsm;rSty ESpouf&mta=umif;jyI f f f h dP f tpdk;&u,if;udpPtvkd@iSmcef@xm;aomyk*~dKvfxHodk@ owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; wifoGif; av#mufxm;Ekionf/ df (c) av#mufxm;olonf rdr.uef@uuvmwGif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwif d G f $ f kd f f ajrmufc&oltm;uef@uuEionf? rdromv#if rJtrsm;qk;H &I a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&ol H G f dk f d H jzpfonf[ka=unmap&ef awmif;qkdvkdygu atmufygta=umif;jycsufw&yf&yfudk tajccH &rnf
451
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (1) av#mufxm;olomv#if ckdfifvkHaomrJtrsm;qkH;&onfrSm trSefjzpfonf[laomt a=umif;jycsu/f (2) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&ol &&SaomrJrsm;wGif w&m;rJh f kd f f H d yusira=umif&&Saom rJrsK;d ryg&caomf av#mufxm;olonf ckivaomrJtrsm;qk;H udk hf _ h d dS hJ d f Hk &Ekionf[aom ta=umif;jycsu? df l f 65? (u) tpd;k &tzG@J onf a&G;aumufyuef@uuvmrsm;udk ppfaq;&ef tzG@J 0if (3) OD;pDyg0ifaom a&G; JG G f $ aumufyctzG@J rsm;udk Oya'ynm&Sirsm;/ oifavsmaomEkiiom;rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf/ JG Hk f h f dfH (c) a&G;aumufyctzG@J 0ifrsm;twGuf cs;D jriaiGonf tpd;k &tzG@J u owfrway;onftwki;f jzpfap& JG Hk hf S f h d rnf/ (*) a&G;aumufyctzG@J . vkyief;qki&mukeusp&dwrsm;ukd w&m;k;H csKyfu usc&rnf/ JG Hk f df f f H (C) a&G;aumufyctzG@J twGuf ae&mxkicif;ESihf ,if;tzG@J .vkyief;rsm;twGuf vktyfaom 0ef JG Hk df f d xrf;rsm;udk w&m;k;H csKyfu pDpOfaqmif&uay;&rnf/ G f (i) a&G;aumufyuef@uuvmESihf pyfvsO;f onfh ta&;,laqmif&u&ef&aom udptm;vk;H ukd a&G; JG G f $ G f dS P aumufyctzG@J rsm;u pDraqmif&u&rnf/ JG Hk H G f (p) rJqENe,fwe,fwiusi;f yaom a&G;aumufyEipyfvsO;f I a&G;aumufyuef@uuvm wapmif Gf JG S hf JG G f $ xufy+dk y;D wifoi;f v#if tpk;d &tzG@J ucef@xm;aomyk*Kd~ vfonf xkuef@uuvmtm;vk;H ukd a&G; G d G f $ aumufycwzG@J wnf;od@k om v$tyf&rnf? xkctzG@J onf xkuef@uuvmrsm;udk cGIjzpfap/ JG Hk J d Hk d G f $ J aygi;f Ijzpfap rdrw@dk oabmtwki;f pkprf;ppfaq;Ekionf/ d d H df (q) cef@xm;+y;D jzpfaom a&G;aumufyctzG@J 0ifwOD;onf cktzG@J 0iftjzpfjzifh raqmif&uEicaomf JG Hk H G f dk f hJ (od@k r[kw) pkprf;ppfaq;aeckuwif qufvufraqmif&uEicaomf tpd;k &tzG@J onf tzG@J 0if f H d f G G f dk f hJ opfwOD;ukd tpm;xk;d cef@xm;&rnf? jyefvnfz@JG pnf;aom xkctzG@J onf pkprf;ppfaq;qJjzpf d Hk H aom uef@uuvmudk topfjyefvnfppfaq;vku ppfaq;Ekionf? G f $ d df 66? a&G;aumufyuef@uuvmrsm;ukd pdppf=um;emaepOf cktzJ@G onf vktyfygu a&SaecsKyukd zdw=f um;I JG G f $ H d f Oya't=uH^m%frsm; awmif;cHEionf? a&SaecsKyfonf rdru,wictzG@J o@dk rvma&mufEiygu dk f d kd f dk f Hk dk f rdru,pm;aqmif&uap&ef a&SaecsKyf;Hk rS oifavsmaom Oya'0efxrf; tqifh (1) xuf redronfh d kd f G f h f hf yk*Kd~ vftm; cktzG@J o@dk apv$waqmif&uapEkionf? H f G f df 67? a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&olwOD;onf atmufygtcsuw&yf&yfEihf +ipe;f a=umif;awG@&v#if ,if; H f S dG dS tm;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcjhJ cif;onf ysujf y,fa=umif; a&G;aumufycHk f dk f f JG tzG@J u qk;H jzwfEionf dk f (u) a&G;aumufwifajrmufcH&aomv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fonf w&m;rJhyusifhr_rsm;jzifh rJtrsm;qH;k udk &,lconf[aomfvnf;aumif;/ xkenf;jzifyif aoG;aqmifI &,lconf[k hJ k d h hJ aomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyJG tEkit_;H onf w&m;rJh yusirrsm;a=umifom jzpf&onf df hf _ h [kaomfvnf;aumif; ay:vGixif&m;jcif;/ f S (c) a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,.tusK;d iSm w&m;rJh yusirwckck H f dk f f hf _ ukd ya=umif;ay:vGixif&m;jcif;/ f S
452
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453
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454
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (c) jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;qdkif&m enf;Oya' rsm;? ( 1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmf enf;Oya'rsm; trSwf 6 )? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ trdef@trSwf (389) 1351 ckESpf/ e,kefvjynfhausmf 9 &uf 1989 ckESpf/ ZGefv 27 &uf 1? ,ae@ wyfrawmfrS Ediiawmftm%mud&,lxm;onfh umvonf rm&S,avm (Martial Law) kfH k f umvjzpfonfukd jynfow&yfv;kH od&+dS y;D jzpfonf? l 2? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Of ydita&G;cH=urnfh Ediia&;ygwrsm;onf D kH D kd JG G S f kfH D ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siwif Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif; Oya' D kH D kd JG f G kfH D f kH t& rSwfyHkwifcJh=uonf? tjcm;aom vlr_a&;qdkif&mtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onfvnf; jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0ef}u;D XmewGif toif;tzG@J rsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;qdi&mOya't& rSwywifc=hJ uonf? 1989 kf f kH ckEp/f ZGev (27) &ufae@Y ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siwif rSwykH S f D kH D kd JG f G f wifcaom Ediia&;ygwaygi;f (226) zG@J &+dS y;D jynfxa&;ESihf omoema&;0ef}u;D XmewGif rSwywifxm; hJ kfH D J f kH aom tzG@J tpnf;aygi;f (57) zG@J &Sae+yjD zpfonf? d 3? TuJo@kd Oya'ESitnD rSwywifc=hJ uaom tzG@J tpnf;rsm;&Saomfvnf; EdiiawmftwGi;f w&m; h hf f kH d kfH Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;udk xdcuap&ef =uHaqmifIvnf;aumif;/ Ediiawmf kd f kfH tpd;k &tm; qef@usitm%mzDqefonfh oabmjzifvnf;aumif;/ ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G; f h D kH D kd aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SiEihf jynfxa&;ESihf omoema&;0ef}u;D Xmewd@k wif Oya'ESitnD rSwykH JG fS J G hf f wifjcif;rybJ w&m;r0ifz@JG pnf;+y;D pm&Gupmwrf;/ pmtkyEihf yHEyxwa0pmrsm;udk w&m;r0if xkwa0 f f S k dS f k f f v#u&aom tzG@J tpnf;rsm;&Sae=uonf? ,if;tzG@J tpnf;aygi;f (48) zG@J &+dS y;D pm&if;udk yl;wGazmfjyxm; f dS d J onf? 4? xd@k jyif ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siwivnf;aumif;/ jynfxa&;ESihf D kH D kd f Gf J omoema&;0ef}uD;XmewGivnf;aumif; rSwywifjcif;rybJ zG@J pnf; pnf;H;k v_y&m;jcif;/ pm&Guf f f kH f S pmwrf;/ pmtkyEihf yHEyxwa0pmrsm; w&m;r0ifxwa0jcif;yv#u&aom ausmif;om;trnfconfh f S k dS f k f k f f dS H tzG@J tpnf; (51) zG@J &aeonfukd awG@&&onf? dS dS 5? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siwivnf;aumif;/ jynfxa&;ESihf omo D kH D kd JG f Gf J ema&;0ef}u;D XmewGivnf;aumif; w&m;0ifrwywifxm;+y;D jzpfonfh tzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf pm&Guf f S f kH pmwrf;/ pmtkyEihf yHEyxwa0pmrsm; xkwa0jcif;yvkyrnfqygu 1962 ckEp/f yHEyorsm;ESihf xkwf f S k dS f k f f f kd S k dS f l a0olrsm; rSwywifOya'ESitnD jynfxa&;ESihf omoema&;0ef}u;D XmewGif rSwywif+y;D xkwa0vdk f kH hf J f kH f onfh pm&Gupmwrf;/ pmtkyEihf yHEyxwa0pmrsm;twGuf uif;vGwciav#mufxm;&rnf? uif;vGwf f f S k dS f k f f G hf cGi&&S+d y;D aemuf Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J Eihf +ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J hf kfH df S df
455
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tqifqifw@kd tm;qef@usir/_ Ediiawmftpd;k &tm; qef@usir/_ wyfrawmftm; xdyg;ykwcwfaoG;cGr/_ h h f kfH f f J w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf +ir0yfyjd ym;r_xyg;ap&ef aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmfr/_ vdtyfcsut& xkwjf yefxm;onfh df d k f trde@f rsm;tm; qef@usiryg0ifjcif;r&SapbJ a&G;aumufywif rdrw@kd ygwD tEdi&&Sa&;twGuf rdrw@kd f_ d JG G d kf d d ygw. rl0g'oabmxm;/ vrf;pOf/ vkyief;pOf/ pnf;H;k a&;enf;vrf;/ apmifxe;f vduem&rnfpnf;urf; D f h d k f h rsm;yg&onfh pm&Gupmwrf;/ pmtkyEihf yHEyxwa0pmrsm;udk uwifpppf&ef wifjyjcif;rybJxwa0 dS f f S k dS f k f d D k f Edirnfjzpfonf? kf 6? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifwGifvnf;aumif;/ jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&; 0ef}u;D XmewGivnf;aumif; Oya'ESitnD rSwywifjcif;rybJ w&m;r0if zG@J pnf; pnf;H;k f hf f kH v_y&m;+y;D pm&Gu/f pmwrf;/ pmtkyEihf yHEyxwa0pmrsm;udk w&m;r0ifxwjf yefaeaom tzG@J tpnf; fS f S k dS f k f k rsm;tm; Oya'ESitnD xda&mufpm ta&;,lrnfjzpfonf? hf G 7? Ediiawmftpd;k &. owday;wm;jrpfjcif;udk qef@usivpwjf zifh tm%mzDqefr_ yvkyygrl rm&S,avm kfH f kd d f f (Martial Law) t&tm%mpufjzifh aqmif&urnfjzpfa=umif; owday;onf? G f trdef@t& (yHk) cif!Gef@ Advr; csKyf k f twGif;a&;r; (1) EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (yl;wGpm&if;) J EdkifiHawmftm;qef@usifaeonfh w&m;r0iftzGJ@tpnf;rsm; (1) =u,fpr;f vli,frsm; d (2) ppftpdk;&qef@usifa&;tzGJ@csKyf (3) 'Drua&pDjynfo@l wyfaygi;f pk kd (4) 'Drua&pDawmfvea&;aumfrwD kd Sf (5) 'Drua&pDa&Saqmifvi,fwyfO;D kd l (6) a'gi;f Zmenf(Armjynf) (7) EdkifiHa&;azmufjyefr_wdkufzsufa&;tzGJ@csKyf (8) jynfol@wdkufyGJ0ifwyfzGJ@(jrefrmEdkifiH) (9) jynfo@l rsK;d cspajymuf=um;wyfz@JG f (10) jynfol@nD!Gwfa&;'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD; (11) jynfolwdk@.trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD; (12) jynfol@vufHk;tzGJ@ (13) jynfya&muf'Drdku&ufwpfajymuf=um;wyfOD; (14) jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ (15) ArmhrsKd;cspfaoG;aomufawmfvSefa&;wyfOD;
456
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (16) Armjynfjynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;vli,fwyfOD; (17) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mawmifolv,form;tr*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (18) ArmhawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pk (19) Armjynfajratmufvli,frsm;tpnf;tHk; (20) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mjynfol@tvkyform;rsm;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf (21) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m'Drdkua&pDapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@ (22) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mpmar;yGJoydwfarSmufoHCmawmfrsm;tzGJ@(rE Wav;) (23) rsKd;cspfvli,frsm; (24) jrefrmEdkifiHtvkyform;or*~ (25) jrefrmEdkifiHvli,ftiftm;pk (26) rsKd;cspf'Drdku&ufwpfvli,fwyfaygif;pk (27) ajratmufvli,frsm;0g'jzef@csDa&;tzGJ@ (28) rsKd;cspfawmfvSefa&;tzGJ@csKyf (29) rsK;d cspvwajrmufa&;wyfz@JG f G f (30) jrefrmEdiitrsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;tiftm; kfH G f (31) jrefrmEdkifiH'Drdkua&pDjyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (32) &[ef;ysdKrsm;or*~ (33) vGwvyfa&;wduy0iforsm;tzG@J (jrefrmjynf) f k f JG l (34) vli,frsK;d qufopftzG@J (35) vli,f&!e@f tzG@J J G (36) vli,fwyfaygi;f pk (37) vli,fn!wa&;wyfaygi;f pk(jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii) D G f kfH (38) trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;tiftm;pk (39) trsK;d om;'Drua&pDjyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;tzG@J kd (40) trsKd;om;wyfaygif;pkppfaumfr&Sif (41) trsK;d om;vGwajrmufa&;wyfO;D f (42) txufjrefrmEdkifiHvli,ftzGJ@csKyf/ rE Wav;rd (43) tm%m&Sifqef@usifa&;wyfOD; (44) wd;k wufaomvli,frsm;tzG@J / wefjyefppfa'o(4) (45) aoG;opfwyfrawmfvli,frsm;tzGJ@/ Armjynf (46) atmifqef;ajr;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf/ jrefrmjynf (47) atbDtufpf'Dat (48) trsK;d om;uGe*&uf/ &Sr;f jynfe,f f
457
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 390) 1351 ckESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 14 &uf (1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 23 &uf) pka0;cGifhESifh rJqG,fcGifhqdkif&m trdef@ 1? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf 10-11-89 &ufpyg a=unm D kH D kd f JG csutrSwf (326) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyukd 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif f $ f JG hS G usi;f yrnfjzpfa=umif; owfrwa=unm+y;D jzpfygonf? jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf S f $ f JG G ,SOf ydita&G;cH&ef jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; trnfpm&if;rsm;udk Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf f $ f kd f f kfH D woD;yk*vrsm;u wifoi;f cJ=h uonftavsmuf oufqi&m a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzG@J cJG ~ G h kd f JG rsm;u vdtyfovdk pdppfr_ yvky+f y;D rJqENe,ftoD;oD;twGuf 0ifa&muf,Of yici&=dS uonfh jynfo@l k S d f G hf v$wawmfu,pm; vS,avmif;rsm;. trnfpm&if;udk xkwjf yefa=unmcJygonf? od@k jzpfygI jynfo@l f kd f f h v$wawmfa&G;aumufywif yg0if,Of ydi=f uonfh Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf woD;yk*vrsm;onf rdrw@kd f JG G S kfH D ~ d tEdi&&Sa&;udk a&S;_vsuf rdrw@kd .rl0g'/ oabmxm;/ vkyief;pOf ponfw@kd ukd jynfovxtm; kf d d f l l k a[majym/ a&;om;wifjyjcif;jzifh pnf;H;k rJq,cihf &&SEiap&ef Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&; G f G d kd f kfH df tzG@J onf Ttrde@f ukd xkwjf yefvuonf? kd f trnfEit"dym,fazmfjycsuf S hf ` 2? Ttrde@f ukd pka0;cGiEihf rJq,ciqi&m trde@f [k ac:wGiap&rnf? hf S G f G hf kd f f 3? Ttrde@f wiyg&aom atmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwdi;f t"dym,foufa&mufap&rnf? G f dS k ` (u) Ediia&;ygwD qdonfrm Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif; Oya't& rSwywifci&&S+d yD; kfH k S kfH D f kH f kH G hf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJwGif tenf;qHk; rJqENe,foHk;e,fY 0ifa&muf,SOfydifonfh Ediia&;ygwukd qdonf/ kfH D k (c) woD;yk*v qdonfrm jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufywif rnfonfEiia&;ygwur# ~ k S $ f JG G h kd f H D kd ud,pm;rybJ woD;yk*v ud,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,Of yionfy*Kd~ vukd qdonf? k f ~ k f f S df hk f k (*) pka0;jcif; qdonfrm trsm;jynfoEihf oufqiaom owfrwonfae&mwGif rJq,jf cif; k S lS kd f S f h G udptvd@k im vlig;OD; (od@k r[kw) ig;OD;xufyaomolrsm; a&muf&aejcif;udk qdonf? P S f kd dS k (C) rJq,jf cif; qdonfrm Ediia&;ygwwckcujzpfap/ woD;yk*vwOD;OD;ujzpfap rdr.rl0g'/ G k S kfH D k ~ d oabmxm;/ vkyief;pOf ponfw@kd ukd jynfovxtm; Ttrde@f tyd'f (6) wGif azmfjyyg&onfh f l l k k dS enf;vrf;wrsK;d rsK;d jzifh a[majym/ a&;om;wifjyjcif;udqonf? k kd (i) owfrwonfae&m qdonfrm Ttrde@f tyd'f 12/ tyd'cJG (q) t& oufqi&m +ir0yfyd S f h k S k kf kd f d f jym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rsm;u uwifowfrwxm;onfh trsm;jynfoEihf oufqiaom d S f lS kd f ae&mudqonf? k kd (p) wm;jrpfcsursm; qdonfrm Ttrde@f tyd'f (22) yg wm;jrpfcsursm;udk qdonf? f k S k f k
458
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f pka0;cGiEihf rJq,ci&&Sap&ef tultnDay;jcif;/ umuG,apmifa&Smufjcif; hf S G f G hf d f h 4? Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf woD;yk*vrsm;onf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufywif rdrw@kd tEdi&&Sa&;udk kfH D ~ $ f JG G d kf d a&S;_vsuf pnf;H;k Edi&eftvd@k im pka0;cGiEihf rJq,ci&&Sap&rnf? kf S hf S G f G hf d 5? oufqi&m +ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rsm;/ vHk ca&;wyfz@JG rsm;/ tpd;k &Xme tzG@J tpnf;rsm; kd f df H onf Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf woD;yk*vrsm;u pka0;cGiEirq,ci&&Sap&ef vdtyfaomtultnDrsm; kfH D ~ hf S hf J G f G hf d k ay;&rnftjyif taESmift,Sur&Sap&ef umuG,ay;&rnf? h h f d f rJqG,fcGifhqdkif&menf;vrf;rsm; 6? Ediia&;ygwrsm;onf atmufazmfjyyg enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh rJq,ci&ap&rnf kfH D G f G hf dS (u) oufqi&m +idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J .cGihf ycsujf zifh owfrwonfae&mwGif kd f f S f h pka0;cGiEihf a[majymwifjycGi/hf hf S (c) a&;om;yHEyxwa0wifjycGi/hf k dS f k f (*) jrefrmhtoHtpDtpOfrS jzpfap/ jrefrmhyjf rifo=H um;tpDtpOfrS jzpfap a[majymwifjycGi? k hf 7? woD;yk*vrsm;onf txuftyd'f 6/ tyd'cJG (u) ESihf (c) yg enf;vrf;rsm;jzifom rJq,cihf &Sap&rnf? ~ k kf h G fG d 8? Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf woD;yk*vrsm;onf rdrw@kd . rl0g'/ oabmxm;/ vkyief;pOf ponfw@kd ukd a[m kfH D ~ d f ajym/ a&;om;wifjy=u&mwGif wnfqJOya'rsm;/ wm;jrpfcsufrsm;/ cGifhyrdef@ygowfrSwfcsufrsm; (od@k r[kw) pnf;urf;csursm;udk rqef@usiap&? f f f owfrwonfae&mwGif pka0;cGiEihf a[majymwifjycGihf S f h hf S 9? cGihf yrde@f av#mufxm;jcif;? ? owfrwonfae&mwGif pka0;jcif;ESirq,a[majymjcif; yvkyvkd S f h hf J G f f aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh woD;yk*~vrsm;onf atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; oufqdkif&m +ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J o@kd tenf;qH;k ckepf&ufuwifI cGihf yrde@f av#mufxm;&rnf df d (u) &efuef rd awmf pnfyifom,ma&;e,ferwtwGi;f &Sd rd e,frsm;twGuf &efuewi;f +ir0yf k dd f k f kd d f ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J / rE av;rd pnfyifom,ma&; e,ferwtwGi;f &Sd rd e,frsm;twGuf W dd f rE av;wdi;f +ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J / W k df (c) tyd'cJG (u) yg rd e,frsm;rSty usejf ynfe,f (od@k r[kw) wdi;f +ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmuf kf f k df a&;tzG@J H;k pdu&mrd e,frsm;twGuf oufqi&mjynfe,f (od@k r[kw) wdi;f +ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnf k f kd f f k df aqmufa&;tzG@J / (*) tyd'cJG (u) ESihf (c) yg rd e,frsm;rSty rd e,fp+k ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J ;kH pdu&m kf df k f rd e,frsm;twGuf oufqi&m rd e,fp+k ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J / kd f df (C) tyd'cJG (u)/ (c) ESihf (*) yg rd e,frsm;rSty usef rd e,frsm;twGuf oufqi&mrd e,f kf kd f +idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J ? f 10? av#mufxm;cGi&orsm;? ?txuftyd'f (9) t& av#mufxm;&mwGif oufqi&m Ediia&;ygw. hf dS l k kd f k f H D A[d/k jynfe,f (od@k r[kw) wdi;f / rd e,f OuU (od@k r[kw) twGi;f a&;r;ujzpfap/ if;tqifrsm;ESiwnD f k f h hf l aom wm0ef,xm;onfh yk*Kd~ vfujzpfap/ ,if;ygw. oufqi&m jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f l D kd f $ f kd f
459
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460
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ta=umif;azmfjyvsuf pka0;jcif;ESirq,a[majymjcif; pwifyvkyrnfh tcsefrwdirD (48) hf J G f f d kf em&Dxufrenf; uwifI ta=umif;=um;&rnf/ d (p) vHk ca&;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;udk axmufI vdtyfygu H _ k cGihf yrde@f yg owfrwcsursm;/ pnf;urf;rsm;udk jyifqifjcif; (od@k r[kw) cGihf yrde@f udk kyor;f jcif; S f f f f d yEdionf? kf (q) rdre,fajra'otwGi;f pka0;jcif;ESihf rJq,a[majymjcif; yvkyEi&ef cGihf yEdirnfh trsm; d G f f kd f kf jynfow@kd Eioufqiaom ae&ma'orsm;udk udwifowfrwxm;&rnf/ l S hf kd f S f (Z) pka0;jcif;ESihf rJq,a[majymjcif;udk ysujf ym;atmif ryEdiap&efEihf aESmif,ujf cif;ryEdif G f kf S h S k ap&ef oufqi&m&yfuuf (od@k r[kw) aus;&Gmtkypk +ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rsm; kd f G f f df tm; wm0efay;vsuf vdtyfaomumuG,apmifa&Smufrrsm; yvkyxm;ap&rnf/ k f h _ f (ps) vHk ca&;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;wd@k ukd xdyg;rnftE &m,frS H h W umuG,Ei&ef oufqi&m &yfuuf (od@k r[kw) aus;&Gmtkypk +ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; f kd f kd f G f f df tzG@J rsm;tm; wm0efay;vsuf vdtyfaomtpDtpOfrsm; yvkyxm;ap&rnf? k f a&;om; yHkESdyfxkwfa0 wifjycGifh 13? Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf woD;yk*vrsm;onf rJq,&efuptvd@k im rdrw@kd .rl0g'/ oabmxm;/ vkyf kfH D ~ G f dP S d ief;pOf ponfw@kd ukd jynfotrsm;od&ap&ef pm&Gu/f pmwrf;/ pmtkyf ponfrsm;tjzpf a&;om;yHEyf l fdS k dS xkwa0wifjyvdygu f k (u) Ttrde@f wif azmfjyyg&onfwm;jrpfcsursm;udk qef@usijf cif;r&S[,=kH unfv#if jynf G dS h f d k xJa&;ESihf omoema&;0ef}u;D Xmeod@k uwifpppf&ef wifjyjcif;rybJ a&;om;yHEyxwa0cGihf d d k dS f k f &Sonf? d (c) Ttrde@f wif azmfjyyg&onfh wm;jrpfcsursm;udk qef@usijf cif;&Sd r&Sd 'G[oHo,&Sv#if G dS f d d jynfxa&;ESiomoema&;0ef}uD;Xme (od@k r[kw) oufqi&m jynfe,f (od@k r[kw) wdi;f J hf f kd f f k +idrf0yf ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@odk@ udwifpdppf&ef wifjyI twnfycsuf&,l+yD; a&;om;yHEyf xkwa0cGi&onf? k dS f hf dS 14? Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf woD;yk*vrsm;onf rJq,&efuptvd@k im pm&Gu/f pmwrf;/ pmtkyf ponf kfH D ~ G f dP S rsm;udk (u) 1962 ckEp/f yHEyorsm;ESihf xkwa0olrsm; rSwywifOya't& rSwywifxm;onfh yHEyol S k dS f l f f kH f kH k dS f ESihf xkwa0olrsm;tm; a&;om;yHEyxwa0apjcif;jzpfygu yHEyoEixwa0olw@kd . trnf/ f k dS f k f k dS f l S hf k f ae&yfvypmESihf rSwywiftrSww@kd ukd a&;om;yHEyxwa0onfh pm&Gu/f pmwrf;/ pmtkyf df f kH f k dS f k f ponfrsm;wGif azmfjy&rnf/ (c) Oya't& rSwywifxm;onfh yHEyoEixwa0olrsm;tm; a&;om;yHEyxwa0apjcif; f kH k dS f l S hf k f k dS f k f rybJ rdrw@kd tpDtpOfjzifh a&;om;yHEyxwa0jcif;jzpfygu d k dS f k f (1) Ediia&;ygwjD zpfv#if ,if;ygw. trnfEiae&yfvypmtjyif ,if;ygw. OuU kfH D S hf d f D (od@k r[kw) twGi;f a&;r; (od@k r[kw) if;tqifrsm;ESiwnaom wm0ef,xm;onfh f f h hf l D l
461
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462
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfoyiowif;pmwGif owif;ESihf "mwfyrsm;azmfjyjcif; l kd f kH 21? jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D Xmeonf Ediia&;ygwrsm;u jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyY rdrw@kd tEdi&&Sa&; kfH D $ f JG d kf d twGuf rJq,&efuptvd@k im rdrw@kd ygw.rl0g'/ oabmxm;ESihf vkyief;pOf ponfw@kd ukd &Si;f vif; G f dP S d D f a[majymwifjyonfh pnf;H;k v_y&m;r_owif;rsm;/ owif;"mwfyrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f I jynfoyiowif; fS kH l kd f pmwGif azmfjyoifonfrsm;udk oifavsmovdk xnfoi;f azmfjy&rnf? h h f h G wm;jrpfcsufrsm; 22? Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf woD;yk*vrsm;onf pka0;jcif;ESihf rJq,jf cif;yvky&mwGif atmufazmfjyyg wm; kfH D ~ G f jrpfcsuw&yf&yfukd azmufzsuusL;vGevejf cif; ry& f f f G (u) vGwvyfa&;ESihf tcsKyftjcmtm%mwnfwcijf rJrukd xdyg;ykwcwfI a[majymjcif;/ f hH kd _ f a&;om;yHEyxwa0jcif;/ k dS f k f (c) jynfaxmifpwnfwcijf rJa&;udvnf;aumif;/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udvnf; k hH kd k k G f k aumif; ysujf ym;ap&ef a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEyxwa0jcif;/ k dS f k f (*) Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J Eihf +ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J tqifh kfH df S df qifw@kd uvnf;aumif;/ Ediiawmftpd;k &udvnf;aumif; t=unfnKd ysuap&ef (od@k r[kw) h kd kfH k f f *k%oumudxyg;ap&ef a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEyxwa0jcif;/ f d Q k d k dS f k f (C) wyfrawmfyua&;udjk zpfay:ap&ef (od@k r[kw) wyfrawmf.*k%oumudk xdcuap&ef d JG f f d Q kd f a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEyxwa0jcif;/ k dS f k f (i) vHk ca&;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;wd@k ukd ysujf ym;ap&ef aoG;xd;k H vH@_ aqmfa[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEyxwa0jcif;/ k dS f k f (p) vlrsK;d a&; (od@k r[kw) bmoma&; ydyuQrsm;jzpfym;ap&ef aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmfa[majymjcif;/ f G a&;om;yHEyxwa0jcif;/ k dS f k f (q) +idr;f csr;f pGmynmoif=um;a&;udk xdcuysujf ym;ap&ef aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmf a[majymjcif;/ kd f a&;om;yHEyxwa0jcif;/ k dS f k f (Z) wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &wyfz@JG (od@k r[kw) jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;tm; ,if;wd@k . wm0efukd J f aus yGefpGmrxrf;aqmifEdkif=uap&ef (odk@r[kwf) tpdk;&tm; qef@usifqENjyap&ef aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmf a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEyxwa0jcif;/ k dS f k f jypf'%f 23? Ttrde@f wif azmfjyyg&onfh wm;jrpfcsuw&yf&yfujkd zpfap/ Ttrde@f t& xkway;onfh cGihf yrde@f yg G dS f f owfrwcsuf (od@k r[kw) pnf;urf;csuw&yf&yfujkd zpfap azmufzsuusL;vGea=umif; jypfrxif&m; S f f f f f _ S pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if xdotm; aiG'%f usyf (5000) txdjzpfap/ axmif'%f (3) ESptxdjzpfap/ '%fEpf k l f S &yfv;kH jzpfap uscap&rnf? H
463
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Oya'uJhodk@ tm%moufa&mufjcif; 24? Ttrdef@onf Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ a=unmpmwrf;? ed'gef;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiH w0ef;vk;H &Sd jynfovx}k u;D onf/ 1988 ckEptwGi;f u/ orki;f wGif df l l Sf df rub;l atmif xl;xl;uJutHk uI 'Drua&pDpepfuawmif;qkc=hJ uygonf? Tonfrm cg;oD;pGmcHpm; H J G dk kd d S cJ=h u&aom vl@abmif.tedmkrsm;rS vGwajrmufpraomiSm/ 'Drua&pDEiiukd xlaxmif&ef a&S;_c=hJ u H f d hf dk dk f H jcif;jzpfygonf? 2? ,cktcgwif jynfovx}k u;D .a&SarSmufY rdrw@dk tm;vk;H . vlaer_b0wckv;Hk udk tajc G l l d tjrpfuyif pwifajymif;vJrnfh 'Drua&pDpepfuxaxmif&ef tcGitvrf;}u;D pwifay:xGe;f vm+yjD zpf dk dk l hf ygonf?jynfovx}k u;D .Ek;d =um;wufuaompdw"mwf/ ckirmaomt"dmef/ rSeuefaoma&G;aumuf l l G f df f wifajrmufrw@dk jzifh ygwptaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D wGif 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkw@dk . jynfo@l vwawmf _ D Hk kd $ f ud,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrmufI jynfow@dk qENEitnD 'Drua&pDtpd;k &zG@J pnf;ap&ef/ k f f l S hf dk Ekiiawmfz@JG pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHya'w&yf a&;qGap&ef/ wki;f jynfjyefvnfxaxmifa&;vkyief;rsm;udk dfH f Hk J d l f atmifjrifpmxrf;aqmifEi&ef paomwm0efrsm;udk tyfEi;f =u&awmhrnfjzpfygonf? G dk f S 3? ,ae@jrefrmEkii&jdS ynfovx}k uD;onf tajccHv@l tcGita&;rsm;udtmrcHEirnfh 'Drdk dfH l l hf k dk f ua&pDtpd;k & jzpfay:vmap&ef tmomqENjyif;jyvsu&aeonf[k trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu tckif f dS dk d trm ,k=H unfygonf? 4? aemifvmvwHaom umvwk@d Y jrefrmEkiiwif 'Drua&pDusipOfrsm; xGe;f um;tajccdif h d f H G dk hf k ap+y;D pnf;vk;H nD!waom/ wnfwcijf raom/ wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; wef;wl&nfwtcGita&;&Saom G f hH dk J d l hf d jynfaxmifp}k uD;tjzpf wnfaqmuf&eftwGu/f wdi;f &if;om;jynfow&yfv;Hk u }uD;rm;pGm pdwtm; k l f xufoefvsu&onf[k trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu &Si;f vif;pGmoabmaygu+f yD;jzpfygonf? f dS kd 5? Tod@k aom jynfow@dk . tmomqENEi&nfre;f csursm;udk atmifjrifpmtaumiftxnf l S hf S f G azmfEi&eftwGuf awmifov,form;rsm/ tvkyorm;rsm;/ ukeo,p;D yGm;orm;rsm;/ ausmif;om; dk f l f f G f rsm;/ vli,frsm;/ trsK;d orD;rsm;/ wwfoynm&Sirsm;/ tEkynm&Sirsm;/ wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;ESihf jynf d f f d olw@dk uu,pm;yvdorsm;yg0ifonfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf txufazmfjyygjynfow@dk . kd kd f k l kd l tmomqENEi&nfre;f csursm;udk awmfwnfajzmifrwfI wm0efausyepmjznfqnf;xrf;aqmifEi&ef S hf S f h h GfG h dk f twGuf ygwptaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif rdrw@dk u,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;udk 0ifa&muf,Of yiapum/ D Hk JG G d kd f f S df jynfovx.tqk;H tjzwfukd cH,rnfjzpfygonf? l l k l
464
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 6? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf atmufazmfjyygr0g'oabmxm;rsm;udk a=unm&if;/ kd l jynfovx.qENuc,I jynfow@dk vvm;awmif;waeaom 'drua&pDEiiukd wnfaxmifom;rnf l l k kd H l l dk kd dk f H G jzpfyga=umif;? EkdifiHa&; 7? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiionf urBmuvor*~tzG@J 0ifjzpfonftm;avsmpm urBmuvor*~ dfH h k h fG h k ydnmOfpmwrf;wGiyg&aom 'Drua&pDusipOfw@dk uvuemusio;Hk rnf? u|Eyw@dk omru aemifvm f dS kd hf kd dk f hf fk f aemufom;rsm;wk@d onfvnf; rnfonftcgr# 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;rqk;H _;H ap&[laomrljzifh ckirm h kd hf df aom 'Drua&pDtwjf rpfucsxm;rnf dk k kd (u) Ekiiawmftm%monf jynfovxxroufqif;ap&rnf? dfH l l k HS (c) tm%m&SipepfEihf jynfovxuzEycsKyfcs,onfEiia&;pepfrsK;d xGe;f um;jcif;r&Sap&? f S l l k kd d dS f f h dk f H d (*) Ekiitm%mudk ygwptaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrsm;jzifxaxmif&mwGi/f 'Drua&pDtajccHrl dfH D Hk JG h l kd rsm;ESitnD t&G,a&mufol Ekiiom;wki;f qENray;cGiEihf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcyicihf hf f fd f H d J hf S H dk f G rsm;&S&rnf? d (C) Ekiia&;ygwrsm;onf wki;f jynftwGuvyaqmifcsuf trsm;tjym;&Sonfteuf/ tem dfH D d f kf d h *wfumvtwGuf acgi;f aqmifrsm;udrsK;d aphcs&m/ oD;yGiap&m/ ajrawmifajrmufay;&m ysK;d cif; k hf rsm;jzpfonf[Ivnf;aumif;/ tkycsKyfa&;tzG@J EiOya'ytzG@J o@kd trsm;jynforsm;ud,pm; l f S hf l k f aygi;f ul;wHwm;ozG,wm0efxrf;aqmif=uonf[Ivnf;aumif;/ tm%mydif wzG@J z@JG u f l k jzpfap/ yk*Kd~ vfwOD;OD;ujzpfap tm%mudk rw&m;usL;usL;vGevetok;H csrukd [ef@wm;uef@ f Gf _ owfEiaom ud&,mrsm;jzpf=uonf[Ivnf;aumif; ,k=H unfonf? kd f d l (i) 'Drua&pDEiiwnfaqmufa&;. t"dutajccHjzpfaom a&G;aumufwifajrmufyrsm;udk kd dk f H JG vGwvyfIw&m;r#wpGmusi;f ya&;twGuvnf;aumif;/ Ekiiawmftm%m. rlvydi&irsm; f f dfH kfSf jzpf=uaom jynfovx}k u;D . vlrb0zG@H z;d om,ma&;twGuf olwyg;.tusK;d ukd rxdcuf l l _ dk apbJ/ pnf;urf;&Spmjzifh 'Drua&pDutajccHIwnfaqmuf&efvnf;aumif;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rk;d dG dk kd a&;twGuvnf;aumif;/ Ekiiom;wdi;f onf vGwvyfpm,k=H unfu;kd uG,ci/hf awG;ac:cGi/hf f dfH k f G fG a&;om;a[majymcGi/hf pnf;k;H cGiEitoufarG;0rf;ausmif;yykici/hf vGwvyfcihf paom tajccH hf S hf dfG f G ydicirsm; tjynft0cHpm;cGi&ap&rnf? k f G hf h hf dS (p) tajccHv@l tcGita&;rsm;udk zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'Y twdtvif;tmrcHrnf? vl@ hf f Hk tcGifhta&;rsm;qkH;_H;xdckdufepfemr_rsm;twGuf tajccHOya't&jzpfap/ odk@wnf;r[kwf oD;jcm;txl;Oya'jyXmef;Ijzpfap/ w&m;k;H rsm;Yw&m;pGqci&&S&ef jyXmef;rnf? J dk G hf d 8? jynfo@l vwawmfonfOya'ESitnD/ jynfo@l qENEitnD ay:ayguwnfaxmifjcif; $ f hf S hf f jzpf&um;/ Tjynfo@l vwawmfY tcsKyftjcmtm%musio;Hk Ekicionf tui;f rJ&ap&rnf? $ f hf d f G hf G h dS 9? jynfo@l vwawmfonf tui;f r&Saom tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk atmufygrrsm;t& usihf $ f G d l ok;H rnf
465
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (u) Oya'ya&;/ tkycsKya&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;[lI tydi;f (3) ydi;f uef@owfxm;&S+d y;D wydi;f pDonf f f k k k bmom&yftvku&yfwnfI wydi;f u wydi;f tay: pGuzufjcif;rsm;r&Sap&? d f k k f d (c) Oya'rsm;udjk yXmef;jcif;/ jyifqifjcif;/ y,fzsujf cif;ponfh vkyief;rsm;aqmif&u&mY vGwf f G f vyfjcif;/ w&m;r#wjcif;/ nDr#jcif;paom avmuygvw&m;wk@d Eihf tnDt!Gwjf zpfap&rnf? S zG@J pnf;tkycsKyytajccHOya'&Svmv#if TtajccHOya'ESitnDjzpfap&rnf? f f Hk d hf (*) EkiiawmftycsKyfa&;,E &m;onf jynfovx}k uD;tm; zdEyonfu&,mrjzpfapbJ/ dfH k f W l l dS f h d d jynfovx}k u;D . tusK;d pD;yGm;udo,fy;kd jznfqnf; umuG,ay;rnfh t&nftaoG;rSD pDrcef@cr_ l l k h f H JG ,E &m;jzpfap&rnf? W (C) Ekiiom;wki;f onf ud;k uG,&mbmomra&G;/ a,musm;rde;f rra&G;/ &mxl;XmeE &ra&G;/ dfH d f F W vlrsK;d ZmwdrcGjJ cm;bJ/ Ekiiawmfw&m;Oya't&mwGif tnDtr#jzpfap&rnf? rdrw@dk . tajccH dfH d vl@tcGita&;rsm; qk;H _;H jcif;r&Sap&? txl;ojzifh hf d (1) w&m;pD&ifa&;rdKifonf 'Drua&pDoabmw&m;/ tajccHv@l tcGita&;rsm;ESihf kd hf udunI Oya'yrdKi/f tkycsKya&;rdKiw@dk Eihf wlnaomtqiftwef;jzifh vGwvyfpm k f D f f f S D h f G wnf&ap&rnf? dS (2) w&m;k;H csKyonf rdrvufatmuf&w&m;k;H rsm;udk vGwvyfyiEipm uGyuyici&dS f d dS f kd f dk f G f J kd f G hf ap&rnf? (3) w&m;ppfaq;jcif;ESihf qk;H jzwfjcif;rsm;udk trsm;jynfow@dk a&SarSmufwif aqmif&u& l G G f rnf? pGypc&oltm; w&m;Oya'ESitnD ckcyicihf tjynft0ay;rnf? f JG H hf H kd f G h (4) w&m;ol}u;D rsm;onf Oya'ESitnD vGwvyfpmw&m;pD&ifcihf &Sap&rnf? jyifypGuf hf f G G d zufrrsm;r&Sap&? _ d 10? Ekiiwumqufqa&;wGif vGwvyfaomEkiijH cm;a&;0g'udusio;Hk rnf? txl;tm;jzifh dfH H f df k hf atmufygw@dk uazmfaqmifom;rnf kd G (u) rnfonfEiiEirqkd wEkii.e,fajrwnfwrEihf tcsKytjcmtm%mydiqirukd wEkiiH h dk f H S hf dfH hH _ S f k f dk f _ fd f u av;pm;&ef/ wEkiiEiwEkiiH usL;ausmwucurryvky&ef/ wEkiiEiwEkiiH jynfwi;f a&; d f H S hf d f f dk f kd f _ f d f H S hf d f G udprsm;wGif 0ifa&mufpuzufjcif;ry&ef/ wEkiiEiwEkiiwef;wl&nfw&&efEihf ESpO;D ESpzuf P G f d f H S hf d f H l dS S f f tusK;d jzpf xGe;f r_&&efEihf jir;f csr;f pGmtwl,Owaexki&ef[aom 1955 ckEp/f Aefa'gi;f (tif'kd dS S d S f JG d f l S eD;&Sm;Ekii) rl}u;D ig;csuEitnD csp=f unf&if;ES;D pGmaygi;f oif;qufqrnf? tdre;D csi;f Ekiirsm; dfH f S hf H f dfH ESitjyeftvSef em;vnfr&&SI tjyeftvSetusK;d jzpfxe;f atmif u;d pm;+y;D / tdre;D csi;f aumif;yDyD hf _ d f G f csp=f unf&if;ES;D pGm aygi;f oif;qufqrnf? H (c) txD;user0g'udrusio;Hk bJ/ urBma&;&m;rsm;wGif rdrw@kd wi;f jynftaeESihf rSeuefonf[k fl k hf h d dk f ,lqaombufrS Ek;d =um;wufupm &yfwnfaqmif&urnf? GG G f (*) wlnaom&nf&,csujf zif/h v_y&m;aqmif&uvsu&aom tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wGif wufuG D G f fS G f f dS pGmyg0ifvy&m;rnf? txl;ojzifh a'oqki&mtzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ pDrue;f rsm;wGif a'o.tusK;d _fS df H d ESihf rdrEiiawmf. tudsK;udO;D wnfI vufwaqmif&urnf? d dk f H k JG G f (C) urBmuvor*~/ urBmb%f/ EkiiwumaiGa=u;&ykaiGtzG@J ponfw@dk Eihf &if;ES;D ckirmpGm h k h dfH H S df qufqrnf? H
466
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 11? EkiiawmfumuG,a&; dfH f (u) wyfrawmfonf jynfow@dkrayguzm;vm+y;D / EkiiawmfEijhf ynfow@dktwGuf Ekiiawmf zG@J pnf; l S fG dfH S l dfH tkycsKyyHk tajccHOya'udk av;pm;vkuemaom/ jynfovxbufr&yfwnfaom/ jynfow@dk f f d f l l k S l tm;xm;&aom/ ygwEiia&;ESiuif;&Si;f aom/ jynfow@kd cspcifaom wyfrawmfjzpfap&rnf? D dk f H hf l f (c) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkii. yx0DtajctaeESiuunonfh r[mAsL[mt&usio;Hk aom dfH hf kd f D hf acwfrwyfrawmftjzpfwnfaqmufrnf? D (*) usq;Hk oGm;aom ppfrxrf;ESi,if;rdom;pkrsm;/ ppfrxrf;a[mif;rsm;ESihf ,if;rdom;pkrsm;. _ hf _ tusK;d pD;yGm;wk@d twGuf oifavsmaomtpDtpOfrsm; aqmif&uay;rnf? h f G f
pD;yGm;a&; 12? jynfo@l vwawmfua&G;cs,vuaom tpk;d &tzG@J opftaejzif/h wm0ef,&onfygwonf rnf $ f f dk f l h D onfba&;tajctaersK;d ESihf pwif&ifqi&rnfurcef@re;f Ekiay? ok@d jzpf&m a&&Snp;D yGm;a&; zG@H z;d h dk f kd S df f wk;d wufrxuf avmavmq,fa&wkp;D yGm;a&;jyefvnfxaxmifrEihf wnf+irrw@kd ukd ydrtmkpuf _ d l _S df_ k kd H dk aqmif&u&vdrrnf[k trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu ,lqxm;ygonf? xk@d a=umifh ,if;,lqcsuf G f hf kd t& (u) ukeaps;E_e;f / aiGa=u;ESihf tvkytukirsm; wnf+irrw@dk ukd OD;pm;ay;aqmif&urnf? jynf f f df df_ G f wGi;f aiGa=u;udk jynfotrsm;u ,k=H unfpwcsatmif aqmif&urnf? l d f G f (c) oifwifavsmufywfaom ba&;rl0g'ESihf aiGa=u;rl0g'wk@d ucsrwI tpd;k &.bwf*suf h h kd S f udk ydiEipmuGyuJ aqmif&uom;rnf? k f dk f G f G f G (*) jrefrmaiGEiEiijH cm;aiGrsm; vJv,a&;E_e;f wk@d ukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyfI vktyfovkd jyifqif S hf fdk f S f d oGm;rnf? (C) tm;jznfavmifpmrsm;/ yd@k aqmifa&;,mOfrsm;/ ukeaps;E_e;f usqif;a&;wGif taxmuf h f tulyrnfypPn;f rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;oGi;f ukersm;tjzpf wifoi;f rnf? h f G (i) EkiijH cm;yd@k uef trsK;d tpm;rsK;d pkatmif u;d yrf;tm;ay;rnf? fd f k H (p) EkiijH cm;&if;ES;D jrKyfErrsm;/ qwk;d wk;d yGm;vm&eftvk@d im EkiijH cm;&if;ES;D jrKyfErOya'udk jyef df HS _ S df HS _ vnfo;Hk oyfI jyifqifay;rnf? (q) EkiijH cm;au;G +ravsmayga&;ESihf tultnDrsm;xyfr&&Sa&;udk u;d yrf;rnf? fd f D h h H d (Z) pD;yGm;a&;vkyief;wk@d ukd csKyfcs,xm;aomOya'rsm;/ trde@f rsm;/ pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESitjcm; f f hf uef@owfuyurw@dk ukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyfI jyifqifwefjyif/ zsuor;f wefzsuaqmif&urnf? Gf J_ f d f G f (ps) yk*~vdupD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tusKd;&Sdatmif vuf&SdtcGefpepft&yf&yfwkd@udk jyefvnfo;Hk oyfI jyifqifrnf? (n) pD;yGm;a&;tpdwtyki;f toD;oD;onfaps;uGup;D yGm;a&;udwif;jynfusyjf ynftajccH=u& f d f k h h rnf? txl;ojzifh yk*vuydip;D yGm;a&;udtvsitjref zG@H z;d wk;d wufatmiftm;ay;rnf? ~ d kf k f () urBmvSnfhc&D;vkyfief;udk ydkrdkwkd;wuftm;ay;oGm;+yD; tqifajyacsmarG@ajyjypfatmif aqmif&urnf? G f
467
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f pufrvyief;/ pGr;f tifvyief;/ aqmufvya&;vkyief;/ owWKvkyief;/ 0efaqmifrvyief;? _ kf kf kf f f _ kf 13? (u) txufygutoD;oD;Y jynfoyitjzpfor;f ykuxm;aom pD;yGm;a&;vkyief;rsm;ukd l kd f d d f f rlvyk*vupD;yGm;a&;vkyief;ydi&irsm;vufo@kd jyefvnfvajymif;ay;a&;ESihf yk*vu rvkyuif ~ d f kfSf J$ ~ d f kd Ekionfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyief;rsm;udk Ekiiawmfu jynfypD;yGm;a&;todynm&Si/f twwfynm&Sif df f dfH rsm;ESihf aiGa=u;t&if;tES;D rsm;ud&,l+y;D vkyuiaqmif&uom;rnf? k f kd f G f G (c) pD;yGm;a&;vkyief;wk@d ukd jynfoyior;f ,lrnfr[kw?f aiGa=u;udk w&m;0ifaiGtjzpf &yfpjJ cif;rsm; f l dk f d yvkyrnfr[kwyg? f f (*) owWKESiausmufrsu&wem wl;azmfxwvyrEia&mif;csrrsm;udk Oya'jymef;I zufpyf hf f k f k f _ S hf _ ESiy*vuvkyyicirsm; aqmif&uciay;rnf? hf k ~ d f kd f G hf G f G hf (C) wki;f jynf. pD;yGm;a&;zG@H z;d wk;d wufrtvk@d im vuf0,fxm;&Styfaomvkyief;rsm;udk csuf d _ S d f csi;f pGe@f vwvu&ojzifh jynfwi;f pD;yGm;a&;ysujf ym;+y;D tvkyvufrw;dk yGm;aprnfh vkyief; $ f dk f G f hJ f trsK;d tpm;rSty/ use&aomjynfoyivyief;rsm;udk xkca&mif;cs zsuor;f ypfrnf? csucsi;f f dS l dk f k f JG f d f xkcGJa&mif;csjcif;ryEdkifaom jynfolykdifpufkH/ tvkyfkHrsm;twGuf jynfolydkifvkyfief;wkd@. t&if;tES;D ESivyief; zG@J pnf;ykudk acwftajctaeESiavsmnpm jyifqifvyaqmifom;rnf? hf k f H hf f DG kf G rvktyfaom tydueusrrsm;udk wif;usypmwm;qD;aqmif&urnf? d k kf _ fG G f (i) ay;qyf&ef&aom jynfyau;G +rrsm;udk umvtuef@towfjzifh qki;f iHxm;ay;&ef aqmif dS D d h &Gu&if;/ EkiijH yefvnfxaxmifa&;twGuf EkiiwumaiGa=u;tultnDopfrsm;udk xyfrH f fd f l dfH &&Satmif aqmif&uom;rnf? d G f G (p) aps;uGup;D yGm;a&;0g't&/ rdrEii. pD;yGm;a&;zG@H z;d wk;d wufrukd tusK;d yapaom EkiijH cm; f d kd f H _ df &if;ES;D ryfErrsm;udcihf yrnf? HS _ kG (q) EkdifiHawmfuw&m;0ifxkwfaomaiGa=u;rsm;udk EkdifiHawmfuvkH;0wm0ef,ljcif;jzifh jynforsm;u ,k=H unfpwcsrtjynft0 &Sap&rnf? l d f _ h d (Z) wki;f jynfopfwnfaqmufa&;ydi;f wGif - rsK;d qufopfrsm;. ynma&;ydi;f wGivnf;aumif;/ d k k f pD;yGm;ukeo,a&;tydi;f wGivnf;aumif;/ pduysK;d a&;tm;yaom tjcm;vkyief;}u;D rsm;wGif f G f k f k f f vnf;aumif;/ vlxkqufoG,fa&;uwGifvnf;aumif; acwfrDwkd;wufaomenf;ynm/ twwfynmrsm; us,jf yef@pmok;H pGvmap&ef u;d yrf;rnf? G J 14? ydk@aqmifqufoG,fa&;u (u) ukeaps;E_e;f rsm;usqif;r_ukd a&S_I/ ukepnfp;D qif;r_ vsijf refacsmarG@ap&ef/ yd@k aqmif f f a&;uudk twwfEiq;Hk yjyifw;dk csJ oGm;rnf? dk f (c) Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;wk;d wufraemufusaeaom a'orsm;zG@H zd;atmif vrf;yef; dfH _ _ qufo,a&;vkyief;rsm;udk yjyifw;dk csJ oGm;rnf? G f f (*) qufo,a&;vkyief;rsm; vsijf ref+y;D / acsmarG@ap&ef vktyfovkEihf tajctaeay;ovkd G f f d dS yjyifw;kd csJ oGm;rnf? (C) ava=umif;vkyief;udk EkiijH cm;ukr%w@kd Eihf zufpyfxaxmifom;rnf? f df ` D S l G
468
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f v,f,mu 15? v,f,mvkyief;ESihf awmifov,form;wk@d . v,f,mpD;yGm;a&;zG@H z;d r_ wk;d wufvmap&ef atmuf f l ygajr,mrl0g'ESitnD aqmif&uom;rnf hf G f G (u) v,fvyol awmifov,form;wki;f onf/ ajr,mykiqicihf v$ajymif;ykici&ap&rnf? kf l d d f dk f G J d f G hf dS ajr&Si}f u;D pepf jyefvnfouf0ifrvmap&ef Oya'jzifwm;jrpfrnf? h (c) v,f,mxGuo;D ESaps;E_e;f onf aps;uGup;D yGm;a&;udtajccHaom xkwvyrp&dwEihf f H f k f kf_ fS awmifov,form;wk@d . vlaer_p&dww@dk ukd umrdaomaps;E_e;f onf tedrq;Hk aps;E_e;f tjzpf l f hf wydi;f wGitmrcHI/ tjcm;wydi;f wGif Ekiiwumaps;uGuayguaps;/ jynfwi;f ayguaps;wk@d Eihf k f k dfH f f G f S vnf; ndEi;f rnf? d_ (*) vGwvyfpmpduysK;d jcif;/ vGwvyfpmokavSmifjcif;/ vGwvyfpm}uwcjJG cif;/ vGwvyfpm f G k f f G d f G d f f G o,f,y@kd aqmifjcif;/ vGwvyfpma&mif;csjcif;wk@d ukd cGihf yrnf? l f G (C) ba&;tajctaeudaxmufqum/ v,f,majryjyifxe;f odr;f a&; vkyief;wk@d twGuf k d f umvwk/d umv&Snacs;aiG/ trawmfa=u;aiGrsm;udk xkway;Eki&ef pduysK;d a&;b%fpepfukd f f df k f wk;d csJ aqmif&urnf? G f (i) ba&;tajctaeudaxmufqum/ ajrvGwajrki;f rsm;wk;d csJ a&;vkyief;rsm;udk txl; k f d f tmkpuaqmif&urnf? H dk f G f (p) ba&;tajctaeudaxmufqum/ rsK;d aumif;rsK;d oef@txGuw;dk rsK;d pyg;rsm; tvG,f k f wul&&Sa&;ESihf pduysK;d Ekia&;udk tm;ay;ulnrnf? d k f df D (q) ba&;tajctaeudkaxmufqum/ "mwfajr=oZmtvkHtavmuf&&Sda&;twGuf jzpfEior# aqmif&uay;rnf? kd f G f (Z) ba&;tajctaeudaxmufqum/ pufrv,f,mvkyief;ESiywfoufaom acwfrD k _ f hf pduysK;d a&;enf;ynmqki&m pufypPn;f ud&,mrsm;xkwvyjf cif;udk OD;pm;ay;aqmif&urnf? k f df d f k G f (ps) v,f,mpkuysK;d a&;wGif qefpyg;ESipufrue=f urf;xkwvyruom uef@owfrxm;bJ/ d f hf _ k f k f _ kd EkiijH cm;aiGyr&&Srnfh tjcm;oD;ESrsm;ajymif;vJpuysK;d a&;udvnf; tm;ay;oGm;rnf? fd f kd kd d H dk f k (n) yk*vupufrv,f,mESihf ESp&nyifrsm;pduysK;d r_twGuf ajrvGwajrki;f rsm; wk;d csJ azmf ~ d _ fS f k f f d xkwI *&efucihf yrnf? f dk G () acwfrpuysK;d a&; enf;ynmonfrsm; wk;d wufjyef@ym;a&;uda&S_I Ekiiwumtqifrap D kd f G k dfH hD &ef/ ynm&Sm;rS;D Ekia&;twGuf tav;xm;aqmif&urnf? df G f (X) v,f,majr Ekiiyif yvkya&;Oya'/ oD;pm;csxm;a&;Oya'/ awmifov,form;rsm; fd f H dk f l tcGita&; umuG,rOya'wd@k ukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyfrnf? hf f_ opfawmu 16? jrefrmEkiiopfawmvkyief;zG@H z;d wk;d wufr_ &&Sap&eftwGuf atmufygr0g'rsm;ESitnD aqmif&uf dfH f d l hf G oGm;rnf (u) opfawmvkyief;udk opfawmryef;wD;ap&efEihf obm0ywf0ef;usixe;f odr;f xm;&ef EkiiH f S f d df
469
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f awmfuom pDrcef@com;rnf? H JG G (c) opfEiopfawmxGuypPn;f rsm;udk jynforsm;tdro;Hk tjzpf ok;H pGEiciukd pepfwusprH S hf f l f J dk f G hf Dd aqmuf&uay;rnf? G f (*)u|e;f opfxwvya&;/ tajccHopfrmrsm;xkwvya&;/ EkiijH cm;a&mif;csa&;vkyief;rsm;udk k f kf f kf df f ynm&Sirsm;ESihf jyefvnfnEi;f ok;H oyf+y;D pepfwuspraqmif&uay;rnf? f d d_ DH G f (C) opfawmrsm;yef;wD;r_r&Sap&ef ajrqDajrv$mxde;f odr;f a&; jyefvnfysK;d axmifa&;/ opfawm d ud;0dkif;rsm; pepfwusjzpfa&;wdk@udk a&&SnfpDrHcsufcsrSwf taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf oGm;rnf? (i) jynfwi;f oH;k opfrmESiopfawmxGuypPn;f rsm;/ pufrue=f urf; taxmuftulyopfrsm; G hf f _ k pduysK;d xkwvyjf zef@jzL;a&mif;csa&;wd@k ukd jyefvnfo;kH oyf+y;D wd;k csJ aqmif&uom;rnf? k f f k G f G (p) opfvyief;ESiywfoufaom pufu&,mESitydypPn;f rsm;/ wd;k wufaomodyqi&m/ enf; kf hf dd hf k H` dk f ynmqki&m taxmuftulyrsm;&&Srw@kd twGuf urBmEiitoD;oD;&Sd tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf df d_ h dk f H qufo,aqmif&uom;rnf? G f G f G (q) opfawmESihf opfawmxGuypPn;f rsm;tay:wGircaeaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyief;&Sirsm;/ f f DS dk f f tvkyorm;rsm;/ jynfotrsm;. wEkiwydio;Hk pGcirsm;ESihf ywfoufI oifwifr#waom f l d f k f J G hf h h pnf;urf;enf;vrf;rsm;csrwI cHpm;ydicihf yrnf? S f kfG (Z) yk*uvdyiqi&m opfpufrsm;/ xkwvyorsm;/ opfawmxGuypPn;f rsm;rS ukeacsm ~ dk f kd f f kf l f f xkwvyrvyief;rsm;udk aqmif&uci/hf jzef@jzL;cGi/hf jynfwi;f jynfyok@d a&mif;csciuvnf; f kf_ kf G fG G G hf kd Oya'ESitnD jymef;aqmif&uay;rnf? hf G f om;ig;u 17? om;ig;vkyief;rsm;wd;k wufz@HG z;d ap&eftwGuf jynfwi;f om;ig;ryef;wD;a&;/ urf;eD;urf;a0;ig;rsm; f G ryef;wD;a&;/ jynfovx.tm[m&"gwz@G H zd;wk;d wufa&;/ a&vkyief;vkyom;rsm;. toufarG; l l k f f f 0rf;ausmif;ynmrsm;zG@H z;d a&;wd@k ukd tav;ay;I atmufygw@dk ukd aqmif&urnf G f (u) jynfwi;f om;ig;arG;jrLa&;/ wd&p>mefarG;jrLa&;vkyief;wk;d csJ aqmif&uciukd yk*vutm; G f G f G hf ~ d OD;pm;ay;pepfjzifh aqmif&uciay;rnf? G f G hf (c) urf;eD;urf;a0;ig;zrf;vkyief;rsm;udk yk*vuOD;pm;ay;pepfjzifvyuiEi&ef tm;ay;aqmif f ~ d h k f kd f dk f &GuI/ if;wk@d rvkyuiEionfvyief;rsm;udk Ekiiawmf/ or0g,rESihf zufpyfpepfrsm;jzifh f f kd f dk f h k f dfH aqmif&uom;rnf? G f G (*) xkwvyr/_ pnfowr/_ ukeacsmtjzpf ajymif;vJxwvyr_ vkyief;rsm;twGuvnf; f kf G f f k f kf f f aumif;/ jynfywify@kd a&mif;csrtwGuf vdtyfaompufu&,m/ u|r;f usir/_ xkyy;kd xkwvyr_ _ k dd f f f kf t&if;tES;D rsm;ESienf;ynmtultnDrsm; &&SEia&;twGuvnf;aumif; EkiiwumtzG@J hf d dk f f dfH tpnf;rsm;ESihf ndEi;f aqmif&uay;rnf? d_ G f (C) om;ig;rsm;pnf;oGwvyief;/ EkiijH cm;ok@d tqiftwef;rDy@dk Ei&ef enf;ynmrsm;&&Sa&;ESihf f kf df h dk f d acwfrurf;d;k wef; ig;zrf;oabFmrsm; ok;H pGEia&;wk@d ukd tm;ay;rnf? D J dk f
470
18?
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ynma&; (u) tajccHynma&;wGif rlvwef;tqiftxd/ roifrae&ynma&;pepfEihf tcrJynma&; h S h pepfw@dk ukd Ekiiawmf. bmaiGa=u;tajctaet&/ tqifqiftaumiftxnfazmfom; dfH h h G rnf? (c) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynmESihf tqifjh rifenf;ynmqki&m bmom&yfw@dk ukd cGjJ cm;oif h df =um;aprnf? (*) wki;f jynf.utoD;oD;udk tzufzufuacwfrap&efEihf wuUovrsm;. tqifjh rifrm; d D S dk f h wk;d wufa&;udk a&S_I jynfyok@d ynmoifrsm;ydrapvGwrnf? jynfyEkiirsm;ESihf q&mrsm;/ k kd f dfH ynmoifrsm; ydrzvS,rnf? jynfyrSu|r;f usiorsm;udk ydrzwac:avhusiaprnf? k kd f f l k dk d f hf (C) Ekiiawmfucsrwaom ynma&;rl0g'pDrue;f wk@d EitnD tajccHynma&;rS wuUovf dfH S f H d S hf kd ynma&;txd q&m/ rdb/ ausmif;om;ud,pm;vS,rsm;. ndEi;f aqmif&urpepfukd ausmif; k f f d_ G f_ rsm;wGif usio;Hk oGm;rnf? hf usef;rma&; (u) t"dutm;jzifh jynfovxuse;f rma&;twGuf tema&m*guwif umuG,a&;udprsm; l l k d f P udk vktyfovkprcsucsrwI aqmif&uom;rnf? d dDH f S f G f G (c) tpk;d &aq;krsm;wGif tema&m*guoa&;twGuf vktyfaomaq;0g;rsm;udk vkavmuf H k d H atmif &&SEiap&ef txl;tav;xm;pDpOfaqmif&urnf? d dk f G f (*) tpk;d &aq;krsm;wGif tzufzufY,d,i;f csKd wJaeaom tajctaersm;udajz&Si;f I/ aq;k. H k G h k H t*F g&yfrsm;ESinnwaomtajctaeod@k a&muf&atmif aqmif&urnf? hf D G f dS G f (C) yk*vuaq;ukcef;rsm;udvnf; Oya'ESitnDzivpaqmif&ucihf yrnf? ~ d k hf G hf S f G fG (i) yk*vuuse;f rma&;tmrcHvyief;udk tm;ay;rnf? ~ d kf (p) tm;upm;ESium,ynmudk Ekiiawmfutm;ay;I tjynfjynfqi&m tm;upm;yiyJG hf dfH dk f df rsm;wGif tqiftwef;jrifrm;pGmyg0ifEi&eftwGuf vktyfaom avhusirrsm;yvkyay;rnf? h h dk f d hf _ f (q) aq;ukoenf;/ aq;ynmrsm;ESipyfvsO;f I wk;d wufaomacwfrenf;ynm taxmuf hf DS tulrsm;&&Sa&;wk@d twGuf urBmuse;f rma&;tzG@J EiEiijH cm;wki;f jynftoD;oD;&Sd aq;yg&*lrsm; d h S hf dk f d ESihf qufo,y;l aygi;f aqmif&uom;rnf? G f G f G vlr_a&; (u) rdbrJuav;rsm;/ t&G,ra&mufao;aom avvGiaeoluav;rsm;ESihf tpGe@f y,fcH h f hf uav;rsm;udk Ediiawmfutxl;tmkpuapmifa&SmufI ynmoifay;jcif;/ toufarG;0rf; kfH H kd f h ausmif; tcGitvrf;rsm; zefw;D ay;jcif;rsm; aqmif&urnf? hf G f (c) tkrif;rpGr;f &Sorsm;tm; apmifa&Smufa&;twGuf tpd;k &ESihf yk*vuapwem&Sirsm;u d d l h ~ d f yHy;dk uln&ef aqmif&urnf? h D G f (*) trsK;d orD;rsm;apmifa&Smufa&;udprsm;udk tpd;k &u vktyfovkyy;dk ulnrnf? h P d d hH D (C) vlrzva&;vkyief;rsm;udk tpd;k &ESiy*vuyl;aygi;f I aqmif&uom;rnf? _ l Hk f hf k ~ d G f G
19?
20?
471
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 21? ,Ofaus;r_ (u) trsK;d om;,Ofaus;r_ k;d &m"avhx;Hk pHrsm; rwdraumap&efEihf zG@H z;d wk;d wufap&ef xde;f odr;f f S umuG,apmifa&Smufrnf? f h (c) Ekiitcsi;f csi;f ,Ofaus;r_zvS,a&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk yl;aygi;f aqmif&uom;rnf? dfH f G f G
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;? 22? wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d toD;oD;onf rdrw@dk &ykicirsm;ESihf wm0ef,rw@dk wif wef;wl&nfwl &Sap&rnf? d d d f G hf l_ G d xk@d jyif (u) wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;vk;H vufwrzwfpwrf; aoG;pnf;nDnwrj_ zifh jynfaxmifpk d JG G f }u;D wnfwcijf ra&;/ jynfaxmifpz@HG z;d wk;d wufa&;ESihf jynfaxmifp}k u;D +ir;f csr;f om,ma&;udk hH dk J k d OD;wnfa&S_rnf? (c) jynfaxmifpzm;/ wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tm;vk;H . tcGita&;wef;wl&nfwrukd vufcvsuf kG d hf l_ H rnfonfvrsK;d udr# txl;tcGita&;ray;a&;ESihf vlrsK;d EG,/f vlrsK;d pktm;vk;H . cHpm;xku/f cHpm; h l k hf d tyfaom rnfonftcGita&;udr# csKyfcsK,fuef@owfrrya&;udk OD;wnfa&S_rnf? h hf k _ (*) wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tm;vk;H onf Ekiia&;/ tkycsKyfa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;u paome,ftoD; d dfH f oD;Y ud,yijf ymef;cGi&a&;udk zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'ESitnD OD;wnfa&S_rnf? k f dk hf dS f Hk hf (C) zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'opf ray:aygur=D um;umv tpDtpOfjzifjh ynfo@l vwf f Hk f $ awmfu Oya'jymef;I &S+d y;D jynfe,frsm;twGuf tm%myditzG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;ay;rnf? kf (i) e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tcsi;f csi;f yl;aygi;f aqmif&ur/_ uln,i;f yif;r_/ d G f D dk 0di;f 0ef;yHy;kd r_jzifh jynfaxmifp}k uD;wckv;Hk ESihf jynfaxmifp}k uD;. jynfe,fa'otpdwtydi;f k h f k toD; oD;. zG@H z;d wk;d wufa&;udk OD;wnfa&S_rnf? (p) 'Drua&pDpepf atmifjrifpmwnfaqmufEicsewif jynfaxmifp}k uD;wnfwcijf rJa&;/ kd G dk f d f G hH kd zG@H z;d wk;d wufa&;/ +ir;f csr;f om,ma&;/ wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tm;vk;H aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;wnf; d d G f [laom/ 'Drua&pDv@l abmif. tajccHtwjf rpf}uD;rsm;udk tckitrmcsEiap&eftvk@d im/ kd k df dk f S yifvnvmcHuo@dk aom jynfaxmifp}k u;D . tem*wfc&D;vrf;!ersm;udcsrwEirnfh wki;f &if; Hk D hJ f k S f dk f d om;vlrsK;d aygi;f pkH trsK;d om;ndEi;f r_nvmcHw&yfukd ac:,lusi;f yrnf? d_ D (q) wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d wki;f onf rdrw@kd pmay/ bmompum;/ ,Ofaus;r_"avhxwrf;pOfvm d d d Hk rsm;udk xde;f odr;f a&Smufci/hf zG@H z;d wd;k wufapcGi&ap&rnf? G hf dS (Z) wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;onf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkii. tcsKyftjcmtm%m wnfwcif d dfH hH dk jrJa&;/ wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;vk;H pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;/ 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;/ Ekiia&;/ d G f kd G dfH pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&;/ a'ozG@H z;d a&;udpP tp&Sonfrsm;udk jynfaxmifpk _ d wckv;Hk twki;f twmjzifh yg0ifaqmif&uap&rnf? d G f vufeufuiwucurrsm;ud&yfpa&;? kd f kd f fdk f _ k J 23? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkii. tcsKyftjcmtm%mwnfwcijf ra&;/ wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; aoG;pnf; dfH hH dk J d
472
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f nD!wa&;/ 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;/ tajccHv@l tcGita&;rsm; wef;wl&nfw&&Scpm;a&;/ Ekiia&;/ G f dk G hf l dH dfH pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&; tcGita&;rsm; wef;wlnr#&&Scpm;a&;/ wki;f jynf. ,d,i;f aeaomtajctae _ hf D dH d k G rsm; jyefvnfxaxmif&mwGif wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;vk;H wufnvufnD yg0ifaqmif&uEia&; l d D G f dk f paom tajccHrrsm;ukvufuixm;I/ jynfaxmifptwGi;f ESpaygi;f (40) ausmwiatmif r+y;D qk;H _ d dk f k f f dk f ao;aom vufeufuiwucurrsm;udk Ekiia&;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh ajz&Si;f tqk;H owfaprnf? kd f dk f kd f _ dfH pnf;k;zG@J pnf;r_ H 24? awmifov,form;rsm;. v,f,mukexwvyrEihf vlaer_b0jriwifa&;twGuvnf;aumif;/ l f k f kf_S hf f tvkyform;rsm;. ukefxkwfvkyfr_/ 0efaqmifr_ESifh vlaer_b0jrifhwifa&;twGufvnf;aumif;/ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;. ynma&;ESihf um,/ ^m%/ ,Ofaus;r_w@dk ysK;d axmifz@G H z;d a&;twGuvnf; f aumif;/ ,if;wk@d .pnf;k;H zG@J pnf;r_rsm;udk atmufygtwdi;f tm;ay;oGm;rnf k (u) awmifov,form;rsm; ? ? awmifov,form;or*~z@JG pnf;a&;udk tm;ay;rnf? awmifol l l v,form;or*~rsm;onf tzG@J tpnf;taejzifh ygwEiia&;rSuif;&Si;f I wvk;H wpnf;wnf;aom D dk f H tzG@J tpnf;jzpf&efvonf? yk*Kd~ vfwOD;csi;f tm;jzifh rdrd uuEpouf&m Ekiia&;ygwwif yg0ifcihf dk d fSf dfH D G G &Sonf? d (c) tvkyorm;rsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm; ? ?tvkyorm;rsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm;. or*~rsm;zG@J pnf;I/ ygwD f f Ekiia&;ESiuif;&Si;f um tjynfjynfqi&mtvkyorm;tpnf;tk;H }uD;. nDvmcHjymef;csuf dfH hf dk f f ESitnDz@JG pnf;um wvk;H wpnf;wnf;aomtzG@J jzpf&efvonf? or*~rsm;onf rdrw@kd . w&m; hf dk d r#waomtcGita&;rsm;udk w&m;Oya'abmiftwGi;f rS ta&;qkyici&ap&rnf? xk@d jyif hf d dk f G hf dS (1) tvkycef@xm;a&;/ &mxl;wk;d jria&;wk@d wif cef@tyfrnfwm0efEixuwefaom ynm f hf G h S hf dk f t&nftcsi;f ESijhf ynf0olw@dk uom t&nftcsi;f ppfaq;r_t&/ tpOftvkuf w&m;r#wpGm h kd d jzpfap&rnf? tm%mt&Se;f ok;H I =um;jzwfcef@xm;onfh tcGitxl;cHtavhtxrsm;udk d hf wif;usypmwm;jrpfrnf? fG (2) twwfynm&Sirsm;/ todynm&Sirsm;udk Ekiiawmf.vktyfcsuEitnD Ekiiawmf f f dfH d f S hf dfH tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wGicef@xm;rnf? pnf;urf;owfrwcsujf zifh jynfyEkiirsm;od@k vnf; oGm; f S f dfH a&muf tvkyvycihf yrnf? f kfG (3) ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh tepfemcHae&aom 0efxrf;rsm;twGuf jyefvnfpOf;pm; rnf? (4) tvky&itvkyorm;wk@d . 0g%ZydyuQajz&Si;f a&;onf r#wI w&m;Oya'ESitnD fSf f d hf jzpfap&rnf? (*) ukeo,p;D yGm;a&;orm;rsm; ? ? pufrvufrvyief;&Sirsm;/ oGi;f ukexwuef vkyief;&Sif f G f _ _ kf f f k f k f rsm;/ ukevrf;a&vrf;yd@k aqmifa&;vkyief;&Sirsm;rStp/ tdrwi;f r_vyief;&Sirsm;/ ukeonf/ yGpm;/ f f f f G kf f f J aps;qki&irsm;/ acgi;f &GuAswx;kd aps;onfrsm;ESihf taES;,mOform;rsm;ygrusef yg0ifaom ukef dfSf f f oG,p;D yGm;a&;orm;rsm;udk pepfwuspnf;k;H zG@J pnf;I wki;f jynf.pD;yGm;a&;zG@H z;d wk;d wufr/_ rdrw@dk f d d b0jriwifrw@kd twGuf yk*vuurS wufuGpmyg0ifaqmif&uEi&eftm;ay;rnf? ul;oef; hf _ ~ d G G f dk f
473
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&mif; 0,f a&;qki&m enf;ynmrsm;zG@H z;d wd;k wufa&;twGuf enf;vrf;rsm; &SmazGumtm;ay;rnf? df (C) vli,fausmif;om;rsm;? (1) vli,frsm; txl;ojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfonfEiiwirqkd wki;f jynf. tem*wf h dk f H G f d ta&;wGif tzd;k twefq;Hk tiftm;w&yfjzpfonf? 'Drua&pDta&;udtajccHaom rdrw@kd EiiH dk k d dk f opftwGuf vli,frsm;tm; acwfrynm&yfrsm;/ oif=um;ysK;d axmifay;rnf? D (2) trsK;d om;Ekiia&;udO;D wnfonfh wvk;H wpnf;wnf;aom ausmif;om;or*~ukd zG@J pnf; dfH k cGihf yrnf? (3) wvk;H wpnf;wnf;aom ausmif;om;or*~rsm;onf/ trsK;d om;nD!wr. txdr;f trSwf G f_ jzpfonf? (i) trsK;d orD;rsm;? (1) trsK;d orD;rsm;onf tkycsKya&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;qki&m &mxl;XmeE &wk@d wif wm0eft& f f _ df W G vnf;aumif;/ tcGita&;t&vnf;aumif;/ a,muFsm;rsm;ESiwef;wl tcGita&;&Sap&rnf? hf hf hf d (2) ud,0efaqmifumvESihf rD;zGm;+y;D owfrwxm;aomumvtwGi;f trsK;d orD;rsm;onf k f S f use;f rma&;t&/ Ekiiawmf.tapmifta&Smuf cH,&&Sap&rnf? tvkyvyuiaeaom trsK;d dfH h l d f k f kd f orD;rsm;twGuOya'ESitnD rD;zGm;csetem;,lcihf cHpm;ap&rnf? f hf df G ed*;Hk ? 25? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmfukd u|Eyw@dk xaxmif&mY/ urBmrom;pktv,fwif tcsKyftjcmtm dfH fk f l hd G %mykiqir/_ wEkiiEiwEkiiwef;wl&nfw&r/_ *k%oum&Sr/_ jynfovx}k uD;. pm;/ 0wf/ ae d f dfk f fd f H S hf fd f H l dS f d Q d l l a&;ajyvnfr/_ pk;d &drxwvef@jcif;/ Asmyg'ab;rS uif;vGw+f ir;f csr;f r_ tp&Sonfh vl@abmifb0wk;d wuf f d f d d jrifrm;a&;wk@d twGuf jynfovx}k u;D . oabmxm;qENEitnD atmifjrifonftxd/ cswufom; h l l S hf D G &ef oEdmefyygonf? M 26? Tod@k cswuf&mY jynfovx}k u;D . wcJeufaxmufcr/_ tm;ay;r_/ a0zefr/_ t=uay;r_Eihf tjyef D l l H H S tvSenEi;f azmfaqmifrw@dk onf &nfre;f csuyef;wdio@kd ta&mufcswuf&mY t"dutcef;rSyg0if f d d_ _ S f kf D onf[k tav;teufc,yga=umif;? H l 'Drua&pDa&; rkcsatmif&rnf kd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf? kd &ufp? 1989 ck/ Ek0ifbmv (6) &uf? JG d
474
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d kd &efuef r k *ENcef;r a=unmpmwrf; D ae@pGJ - 1352 ckEp/f 0gacgivqef; (78)&uf S f 1990 jynfEp/f Zlviv (2829)&uf hS kd f 1? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyfr/S jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uukeaom u|Eyw@kd kd $ f kd f f f fk f onf jrefrmouU&mZf 1352 ckEp/f 0gacgivqef; (7) &ufEihf (8) &uf/ (1990 jynfEp/f Zlviv 28 S f S hS kd f &uf ESihf 29 &uf) ae@rsm;wGif &efuef r@d / ausmufwwm;r@d e,f&/Sd *ENcrf;raqmifY pka0;a&muf&=Sd u+y;D / k H D wdi;f &if;om; jynfow&yfv;kH .tusK;d iSm/ Ediiawmfa&;&mtjzmjzmESihf jynfo@l vwawmf ac:qdz@GJ pnf;a&; k l kfH $ f k udpt00wd@k ukd aqG;aEG;ndEi;f wdiyif=u+y;D oumv/ wnDw!Gwwnf;qH;k jzwfum T*ENcef;ra=unm P _d k f f D pmwrf;udk xkwjf yefa=unmvdu=f uayonf? k 2? jrefrmEdiiwif ESpaygi;f (30) twGi;f / yxrqH;k t}urtjzpf 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &uf kfH G f df hS ae@Y usi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ u;D wGif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f ae&m h D kH D kd $ f kd f (485) ae&mtwGuf usif;yay;cJh&mY/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyfonf trsm;jynfolvlxk}uD;. wcJeufaom axmufcrw@kd jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,ae&m (392) ae&mwGif tEdi&&dcay H_ $ f kd f f k f S hJ onf? od@k &mwGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyonf urBm'rua&pDEiirsm;. usix;kH rsm;twdi;f zJ@G pnf;& kd f h D kd kd f H hf k rnfh tpd;k &w&yfukd cdirmpGmzJ@G pnf;Ediavmufonfh xuf0ufausmf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f kf kf $ f kd f tiftm;xuf ausmver#ru/ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,ta&twGu. &mcdiEe;f (80) ausmtxd/ f G f Hk f kd f f f kf_ f vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm;tEdi&&dcojzifh jynfo@l vwawmftm; OD;aqmifEiaomtaetxm;udk tcditrm&&dS k f S hJ $ f kd f kf xm;+yD;jzpfayonf? 3? ,cktcg ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ u;D udk atmifjrifpmusi;f y+y;D cJ+h yD jzpfayonf? D kH D kd G taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ u;D +y;D v#if jynfo@l vwawmfukd ra&S;raESmif;umvY tjrefq;kH zJ@G pnf;ay;&rnf $ f rSm"rRwmyifjzpfayonf? jynfovxuvnf; Ttwdi;f ar#mvifae=uayonf? od@k aomf a&G;aumuf l l k k f h yJ}G u;D +y;D I &ufaygi;f (60) =umvmonfwiatmif jynfo@l vwawmfurzJ@G pnf;&ao;ay? h kd f h $ f kd a&G;aumufywif vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; trsm;pktEdi&&dxm;aom trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf GJ G kf S kd onf EdiiawmftwGuf avmavmq,ftusK;d pD;yGm;ESihf a&&Sntem*wfumv tusK;d pDym;rsm;udk tajccH kfH f G xm;I/ wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;pdw"mwfjzifh yGi;f vif;aom/ d;k om;aom/ apwemtjynfyg f h aom ESpO;D ESpzufnEi;f aqG;aEG;aqmif&urrsm;yvkyom;&ef Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; f f d _d G f_ f G kfH df tzJ@G o@kd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzJ@G rS tqdk ycsuuvnf; Ediiawmf+ir0yf kd k f f kd kfH df ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJ@G u wpHw&mta=umif;jyef=um;jcif; r&dcao;ay? k S hJ 4? &[ef;&Sivjl ynforsm;/ v,form;rsm;/ tvkyorm;rsm;/ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm; f l f tygt0ifjzpfaom wdi;f &ifom;jynfovx}k u;D onf Ediiawmfwif 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;uef@owfcH k l l kfH G kd hf
475
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f xm;r_@a=umifh vuf&rsuarSmufyae&aom pm;0wfaea&;=uyfwnf;r/_ pd;k &drxwvef@ae&r_Eihf aomu Sd f f d f S Asmyg'ab;rS uif;v$wa&;wd@k twGuf 'Drua&pDtycsKyfa&;pepfukd tjrefq;kH ul;ajymif;a&muf&&ef qEN f kd kf Sd jyif;jyv#u&aeayonf? f Sd 5? 'Drua&pDpepfuusio;kH onfh ,Ofaus;aomvl@tzJ@G tpnf;wdi;f / Ediiwi;f wGif jynfo@l vwf kd kd hf k k f H kd $ awmfukd tjrifq;kH aomrdKif}u;D w&yftjzpf jynfow&yfv;kH u tav;tjrwfyxm;jcif;tm;jzifh EdiiH h l kf *k%usuoa&udk jriwif=upjrJjzpfayonf? u|Eyw@kd jrefrmEdiiwivnf; 'Drua&pDjynfo@l vwawmf f f hf kf f kfH Gf kd $ f }u;D w&yf iGm;iGm;pGipiwnf&aerSom usuoa&r*Fvmxnf0gjynfp+kH y;D / urBmtv,fwif av;pm;cH hf G hf Sd f h h G xduaom *k%t*F gtaygi;f jzifh wifw,fayrnf[k u|Eyw@kd u tav;teuf,=kH unf=uayonf? k f f h kf f 6? ,ae@jynfow@kd &ifqiae&aom Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;paom t=uyftwnf;rsm;onf l kd f kfH _ jynfow@kd u ,H=k unfu;kd pm;pGm a&G;cs,wifajrmufvuonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh l f kd f $ f kd f f zJ@G pnf;aom jynfo@l vwawmfuomOD;aqmifI jynfol qENEitnD ajz&Si;f tyfayonf? $ f S hf odk jzpf&m jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' tcef; (2)/ yk'r (3) Y jymef;xm;aom v$wf $ f GJ f awmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; hf kd f f kd f f jzifz@GJ pnf;&rnf[laom jymef;csuEitnD jynfo@l vwawmfukd tjrefq;kH ac:,l zJ@G pnf;ay;&ef ta&; h f S hf $ f w}u;D vdtyfaeayonf? k 7? jynfo@l vwawmfz@GJ pnf;a&;onf wm0ef&=Sd uukeaom oufqi&mrsm;tzd@k / w&m;Oya't& $ f f kd f vnf;aumif;/ usi0wft&vnf;aumif;/ ysuuujf cif;iSm vH;k 0rjzpfEionftjyif/ jzpfay:aeaom hf f G kd f h jynfow@kd .qENEihf wdi;f jynf.tusytwnf;tajctaet&yf&yfw@kd ukd axmufxm;ygv#ivnf;/ jynfo@l l S k f f v$wawmfac:,lz@GJ pnf;a&;udk ysuuujf cif;iSm vH;k 0roifav#m/f ysuuujf cif;iSm vH;k 0rxdu[k u|Eyw@kd f f G h f G k f kf f cH,ayonf? l 8? od@k jzpf&um; jynfo@l vwawmfukd tjrefq;kH rjzpfrae arG;zGm;oef@pifay;&ayawmhrnf? jynfo@l $ f v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' tcef;(1)/ yk'r 2 (u) wGif v$wawmfqonfrm jynfo@l vwawmfukd f GJ f f kd S $ f qdonf[k jymef;xm;csut&/ ,ckay:ayguvmrnfh jynfo@l vwawmfonf wdi;f yjynfyv$wawmf k f f $ f k f r[kwa=umif;udvnf; u|Eyw@kd tav;teufc,xm;ayonf? f k kf f H l Oya'ESitnDjzpftyfaomtm%m (od@k wnf;r[kw) Oya'ESitnDjzpftyfaom tm%mv$J hf f hf ajymif;a&;udpw@kd Eihf ywfoufI zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfykH tajccHOya'w&yfukd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyfrS P S f kd toifa&;qJxm;&d+S y;D jzpfa=umif;od&&I u|Eyw@kd uuqayonf? h G Sd kf f d kd tqdyg 1990 jynfEp/f ,m,Dz@GJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya' (rl=urf;) udk trsK;d om;'Drua&pD k hS f kH kd tzJG@csKyftaejzifh tjcm;tzJG@tpnf;toD;oD;ESifh ndEd_if;aqG;aEG;rnfhtpDtpOfudkvnf; u|Efkyfwdk@u axmufcayonf? H T,m,Dz@GJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'tm;jzif/h Oya'ESitnD tm%mv$ajymif;a&;udk jzpf f kH hf J ajrmuftyfonf[k u|Eyw@kd u wnDw!Gwwnf;,lq=uayonf? kf f f 9? xd@k aemuf 'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpopftwGu&nfoefaom zJ@G pnf;tkycsKyfykH tajccHOya'opf kd k f f udk u|Eyw@kd yg0ifaom jynfo@l vwawmfuomv#if a&;qJjG ymef;twnfy&ef wm0ef&ayonf? u|Eyw@kd fk f $ f Sd kf f uvnf; xdwm0efukd xrf;aqmifaomtcgY us,jf yef@pmndEi;f aqmif&uom;=urnf jzpfayonf? k G _d G f G
476
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f od@k aomf jynfo@l vwawmf. tm%mtyfEi;f r_r&db/J jynfo@l vwawmf. tm%mpufr&db/J $ f S S $ f S jynfo@l vwawmf. taqmifta,mift&det0gr&db/J jynfo@l vwawmfu twnfyjymef;jcif; r&db/J $ f Sf S $ f S jynfo@l vwawmfrty tjcm;rnfonfae&m/ rnfonftcseYrqd/k zJ@G pnf;tkycsKyfykH tajccHOya'udk $ f S h h df f a&;qJcivnf;r&S/d jymef;twnfycGivnf;r&d/S od@k a&;qJ=G urnfqv#if v$wawmftm%mpufr&dojzif/h G G hf hf kd f S Oya'tm%mpufvnf; &dvrrnfr[kway? Tvrf;a=umiftwdi;f aqmif&uronf odumyif&vrhf S d hf f k G f_ Q Sd d rnfr[kw[k u|Eyw@kd ,qonf? f kf f l xd@k a=umifh jynfovxvvm;awmifwaeaom 'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpopf}u;D xlaxmif&ef l l k kd h kd k twGu&nfoefaom zJ@G pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'topfa&;qG&eftvd@k imyif/ jynfo@l vwawmfukd f f kH J S $ f apmv#ipm ac:,lz@GJ pnf;&ef txl;vdtyfa=umif;rSm xif&m;ayonf? fG k S 10? Tae&mwGif 'Drua&pDtpd;k &ray:aygurumvwav#muf rvJraoG/ ra&SmifrvGom ay: kd fD G J aygurnfh 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;jy\emudvnf; acsmarmpGmudiw,ajz&Si;f =u&vdr[k u|Eyw@kd f kd hf k kf G f hf kf f oabm&&dayonf? S 'Drua&pDtpd;k &ay:xGe;f onftcgusrom 'Drua&pDtcGita&;awG&&dap/ Tod@k ray:xGe;f rD kd h S kd hf S umvYrl 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm; qdwoe;f aeapqdonftjzpfrsK;d um; vH;k 0rvdvm;tyfay? kd hf f k k h k 'Drua&pDtpd;k & ray:aygurumvwGif 'Drua&pDtajctaersm;zefw;D ay;rSom 'Drua&pD kd fD kd kd jynfaxmifpopfxaxmifa&;txd/ at;csr;f om,mpGm jiifomaomtoGijf zifh taxmuftuly jzpf k l xGe;f oGm;vdr@f rnf[k u|Eyw@kd ,=kH unfayonf? 'Dra&pDtajctaersm;&dygrvnf; jynfovxonf kf f kd S S l k k wxdwxwwvef@vef@Eihf us;D vef@pmpm;ae&aom Asmyg'ab;wd@k rS uif;a0;=uonfjzpfI ud,pwf f d f S k fd ESpyg;csr;f omum 'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpopfxaxmifa&;udk wufnvufnD ud,ptodpw"mwfjzifh f kd k l D k fD d f aqmif&uom;Edi=f uygrnf? G f G k Tumvrsm;twGi;f trsm;jynfovxtwGuf tedrq;kH tm;jzifh cHpm;xduaom vGwf l l k hf k f vyfpma&;om;ykEyxwa0cGi/hf vGwvyfpm,lqwifjycGiw@kd onf pnfyifae&ygrnf? jynfo@l vwawmf G H dS f k f f G hf $ f wGif tpd;k &w&yfukd vGwvwu|wu|wf zJ@G pnf;Ediavmufatmif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f vH;k vH;k vsm; f G f f kf f kd f vsm;trsm;pk&&dxm;aom trsKom;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyfu,wiu tedrq;kH 'Drua&pDtcGita&;wd@k S d kd kd f kd f hf kd hf udyif qH;k H;_ tepfemcHae&onf[qv#if jzpf;kd jzpfpOf Ediia&;obm0,kwrsm;ESihf vH;k 0zDvmjzpfaeayrnf? k k kd kfH dW jynfovxtjrif/ urBmtjrifw@kd YtvGew&mrS tusn;f wefaernfrmaocsmayonf? l l k h f S u|Eyw@kd onf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufy}JG uD;rSwqif/h rJqEN&ijf ynfovx. kf f D kH D kd S l l k qENtqH;k tjzwfukd &,lxm;olrsm;jzpfI xdobm0ESivuav#mnDaxGpm/ oifwifav#mufywfaom k hf kd f G h h tqiftwef;udk &&d=S u&ayrnf? ,kwptqH;k u|Eyw@kd tm; taESmift,Su/f t[ef@twm; +cr;f ajcmuf h fG kf f h d r_w@kd rS uif;a0;ap&ygrnf? 11? avmavmq,ftajctaet& u|Eyw@kd Eiiwif wygwpepfrS ygwp'rua&pDpepfo@kd u;l fk f kd f H G D D kH D kd ajymif;&rnfjzpfojzifh ajz&Si;f aqmif&u=f u&rnfh tusytwnf;/ tcuftcJjy\emrsm;&Srnfukd u|Eyf G f d fk wk@d aumif;pGm owdrr=d uayonf? ,if;jy\emrsm;/ tcuftcJtusytwnf;rsm;udvnf; 'Drua&pD l f k kd tajccHw&m;rsm;udk rxdyg;rysu,i;f apbJ/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfEihf Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_ f G kd S kfH f wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J w@kd onf wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;OD;wnfcsujf zifh k;d om;r_/ yGivif;r_/ hf
477
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tjyeftvSeav;pm;r_w@kd utajccHum awG@qaqG;aEG;tajz&Smjcif;tm;jzifh rkcsajz&Si;f Edi&rnf[k u|Eyf f kd kH kf fk wd@k arsmvif=h uayonf? f ,ae@urBmwGif tvGeyaxG;eufevaom vlom;tm;vH;k udysuf yef;aprnfh t%kjrLppfyJG f_f J S k }u;D tE &m,fuyif awG@qaqG;aEG;tajz&Smjcif;enf;jzifh ,ae@tcsetxd [ef@wm;xm;Edic+hJ yjD zpf&m W kd kH df kf u|Eyw@kd Eiiwif tcsi;f csi;f jzpfym;ae&aom jy\em[lor#onfvnf; rsuEmcsi;f qdif awG@qaqG;aEG; fk f kd f H G G fS k kH jcif;jzifh acsmarmajyvnf&rnf[k u|Eyw@kd ,=Hk unfayonf? ,if;ok@d awGq&mwGif fk f Hk 1? yGivif;d;k om;r_Eihf tjyeftvSeav;pm;vkuema&;rl/ hf S f d f 2? wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;rl/ 3? +ir;f csr;f acsmarG@aomenf;udk toH;k csa&;rl/ d 4? tmCmwuif;pifaom taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfrukd a&S;_a&;rl/ ponfw@kd ukd udiq&rnf _ k f JG [kvnf; u|Eyw@kd c,ayonf? kf f H l 12? jynfo@l u,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh yg0ifz@JG pnf;onfh jynfo@l vwawmfuac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef awmif; kd f f $ f kd qdyicirm jynfovx. ajccHrtusq;kH aom w&m;0ifyiciw&yf jzpfayonf? ,if;ydiciukd awmif;qdk k kd f G hf S l l k l kd f G hf k f G hf &ef jynfo@l u,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uukeaom u|Eyw@kd Ywm0ef&ayonf? kd f f f kf f dS 13? od@k jzpf&um; jynfovx}k u;D .qENEitnD jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' tcef;(2)/ l l S fh $ f JG yk'fr(3) t&vnfaumif;/ 'Drdkua&pDpepf.tESpfom&rsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHwumusifhxHk; usienf;rsm;ESihf avsmnpmvnf;aumif; 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmvtwGi;f jynfo@l vwawmfukd hf f DG hS $ f ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uukeaom kd $ f kd f f f u|Eyw@kd u Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J tm; Tae@T&ufrpI wnDw!Gwwnf; kf f kfH f S f awmif;qdvu+f yD jzpfa=umif; a=unmtyfayonf? k kd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; kd $ f kd f f r[wWr*ENcef;raqmif D Advatmifausmvrf;/ &efuef rd ? k f f k Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J a=unmcsuf kfH f ( a=unmcsurwf 190 ) fS 1352 ckEp/f 0gacgivqef; 6 &uf S f 1990 jynfEp/f Zlviv 27 &uf hS kd f 1? jrefrmEdiionf 1948 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (4) &ufae@wif vH;k 0vGwvyfaom tcsKyftjcm kfH S D G f tm%mydiEiiH jzpfconf? k f kd f hJ
478
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2? 1988 ckEptwGi;f ta&;tcif;rsm;jzpfay:cJojzifh Ediiw0Sr;f vH;k wGif tajctaet&yf&yf S f h kfH ,d,i;f ysujf ym;cJonf? xko@kd ,,i;f ysujf ym;cJonfh tajctaet&yf&yfukd tcserxe;f odr;f Edi&ef twGuf k G h d kd G h dfD d kf jynfojl ynfom;tm;vH;k tusK;d iSm wyfrawmfu Ediiawmftm%mt&yf&yfukd vH;k 0wm0ef,l cJonf? kfH h jynfol@v$wfawmftygt0if EdkifiHawmftm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk zsufodrf;vsuf EdkifiHawmf +ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;um wm0ef}u;D (4) &yfukd aqmif&urnfjzpfa=umif; a=u df G f nm+y;D Ediiawmf.ta&;udpt00udk wm0ef,aqmif&uconf? kfH P l G f hJ 3? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf EdiiawmftwGi;f +idr0yfyjd ym;a&;/ w&m; kfH f kfH f Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESie,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;wd@k ukd xda&mufpmxde;f odr;f Edi&ef vdtyfaom Oya'/ trde@f / hf G kf k a=unmcsu/f Oya'uJo@kd tm%mwnfaomtrde@f rsm;udk xkwjf yefconf? h hJ 4? jynforsm;. pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef yk*vu/ or0g,rESihf zufpyfvyief;rsm; vkyf l ~ d kf udiEiap&eftwGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfapaom Oya'rsm;udy,fzsu+f y;D vdtyfaomOya'/ trdef !ef k f kd f k k =um;csu/f Oya'uJo@kd tm%mwnfaom trde@f rsm;udvnf; xkwjf yefvsuf vufawG@taumiftxnf h k azmfaqmifvsu&onf? xk@d jyif Ediiawmf. a&&SntusK;d pD;yGm;;udar#mre;f I vkyaqmifoifonfrsm; f dS kfH f k fS f h udvnf; vkyaqmifvsu&onf? k f f dS 5? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf Ediiw0ef;vH;k wGif vrf;yef;qufo,r_ vHk cH kfH df kfH G f acsmarG@ap&efEihf wd;k wufaumif;rGeap&eftwGuf aqmif&uoifonfrsm;udvnf; aqmif&uvsu&dS S f G f h k G f f onf? 6? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf rnfonfz@JG pnf;yHtajccHOya'udr# vduem kfH df h k k k f usio;kH aomtzG@J tpnf;r[kwbJ Ediiawmfukd rm&S,avm (Martial Law) jzifh tkycsKyfaeaom tzG@J hf f kfH f f tpnf;jzpfa=umif;/ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@tpdk;&onf ppftpdk;&tjzpftkyfcsKyf vsu&a=umif;ESihf ukvor*~tygt0if urBmEiitoD;oD;rS vufcxm;onfh tpd;k &jzpfa=umif; tm;vH;k f dS h kd f H H todyifjzpfonf? 7? Ediiwum qufqa&;ESiywfoufI Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf vGwf kfH H hf kfH df vyfIwufuaom EdiijH cm;a&;0g'udusio;kH rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmcJ+h y;D EdiitoD;oD;ESihf csp=f unfpm G kf k hf kfH G qufqvsu&onf? Ediitcsi;f csi;f oHwrefqufqa&; wd;k wufaumif;rGeap&ef jrefrmEdii&dS rnfonfh H f dS kfH H f kfH oH;kH udr# ,cktcsetxd ydwyifjcif;r&SbJ qufvufxm;&Scihf y+y;D yHrequfqaeonfenf;wl EdiijH cm; k df f d dG kSf H h kf wki;f jynfrsm;wGif jrefrmoH;kH rsm;udvnf; kyor;f jcif;rybJ qufvufzivpxm;&Sum yHrequfqH d k f d G hf S f d kSf vsu&onftjyif ,cifuoH;kH r&Scaom EdiiwEdiiwio;kH topfwH;k wk;d csJ zGivpconf? f dS h d hJ kfH kfH Gf H hf S f hJ 8? jrefrmEdiionf ukvor*~tzG@J 0ifEiijH zpfonfEitnD urBmEiia&;udp&yfrsm;ESihf ukv kfH kd f S hf h kd f H P or*~qi&mvkyief;wm0efrsm; aqmif&u&mwGif ukvor*~qi&mjrefrmoH;kH onf jrefrmEdii.EdiiH kd f f G f kd f kfH kf jcm;a&;0g'udk wduspmvduemaqmif&uvsu&onf? EdiiwumESiqufq&mwGif jrefrmEdiionf G k f G f f dS kfH hf H kfH +ir;f csr;f pGmtwl,Owaexdia&;rlEitnD vduemusio;kH vsu&onf? xd@k tjyif jrefrmEdiionf rdr. d S f JG k f S hf k f hf f dS kfH d vGwvyfruxe;f odr;f umuG,vsurr.jynfwi;f a&;wGif 0ifa&mufpuzufjcif;rsm;udvnf; ukv f _ kd d f fdd G G f k or*~ydnmOfpmwrf;ESitnD vduemusio;kH vsu&onf? hf k f hf f dS 9? Ediitcsi;f csi;f qufqa&; ysujf ym;apr_ukd a&Smif&m;&ef oHwreftcsKd . oHwrefusi0wf azmuf kfH H S hf
479
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f zsurrsm;udvnf; oabmxm;}uD;pGmjzifh oHwreftrnfEihf Ediitrnfrsm;udk xkwazmfjcif;rybJ f _ k S kfH f rdrdwdk@jynfwGif;a&;wGif 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;ry&ef t}udrf}udrfajym=um;cJhonf? xdk@jyif oHwref enf;vrf;rsm;ESitnD oufqi&moH;kH rsm;od@k vnf; ta=umif;=um;cJonf? ,if;od@k aqmif&ujf cif;jzifh hf kd f h G Ediitcsi;f csi;f tpd;k &tcsi;f csi;f qufqa&;ysujf ym;aprnfup&yfrsm;udk a&Smif&m;Edicaoma=umifh kfH H h dP S k f hJ ,ae@txd rnfonfh jy\emrS ay:aygucjhJ cif;r&Syg? oHwreftcsKd .vky&yfa=umifh rdrw@kd tpd;k &tay: f d f d txiftjrifvrm;r_rsm;udvnf;oabmxm;}u;D pGmxm;IoHwrefenf;jzifomajz&Si;f aqmif&uconf? JG S k h G f hJ 10? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf Ediiawmf.wm0efu,c&onfh tcserpI kfH df kfH kd l hJ dfS jynfaxmifpryua&;/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wr_ ryua&;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%m wnfwci+f ra&; k d JG k G f d JG hH kd J wd@k ukd pGjJ rpmudipJG aqmif&uvsu&onf? wzufwivnf; vufeufpuif qlyaomif;use;f olrsK;d pHukd JG kf G f f dS Gf JG kd l k wyfrawmfom;rsm;. touf/ aoG;/ ac|; ajrmufrsm;pGmay;vv#uf xd;k ppf}u;D rsm;jzifh acsre;f cJonfrm _ h S tm;vH;k todyifjzpfonf? wyfrawmfonf Ediia&;tzG@J tpnf;r[kwojzifh qlyaomif;use;f olrsm;ESihf kfH f l Ediia&;enf;t& aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;udk yvkycjhJ cif;r&Syg? od@k &mwGif vufeufuivrf;pOfupe@f vwI kfH f d kd f kd $ $ f tvif;0ifvmolrsm;udkrl aumif;rGefpGmvufcHudqdkI jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk tzGJ@ tpnf;jzifh aqmif&uvsu&onf? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf Ediia&;tpd;k & G f f dS kfH f kfH r[kwojzifh rnfonfvufeufuif aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;ESir# Ediia&;enf;t& aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif; f h kd hf k f H y&efta=umif;r&Say? d 11? Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd dfH f D kH D kd JG usi;f yEdi&ef ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SiOya'udjk ymef;vsuf ygwpkH kf D kH D kd f D 'Drua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyaumfr&Siukd zG@J pnf;ay;cJonf? a&G;aumufy0ifvaom Ediia&;ygwD kd JG f h JG kd kfH rsm;rSwywifEi&ef Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'udk jymef;cJonf? xd@k jyif vGwvyfIw&m;r# f kH kd f kfH D f kH h f waom ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yEdi&ef jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyOya'udk D kH D kd JG kf $ f JG vnf; jymef;ay;cJonf? h 12? jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (3) wGif v$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESihf $ f JG f f tnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf[lI jymef;yg&dS kd f f kd f f onf? ,if; jymef;csuEitnD v$wawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;jcif;udk Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; f S hf f kfH df tzG@J u aqmif&uay;rnf? xko@kd v$wawmfac:,lEia&;twGuf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG G f d f kd f D kH D kd usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu aqmif&u&efup&yfrsm;/ a&G;aumufywiu,pm;vS,ta&G;cH&onfygwrsm; f G f dP JG G f kd f f h D ESihf a&G;aumufywif ta&G;cH&onfy*Kd~ vfrsm;u aqmif&u&efup&yfrsm;udk Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESihf JG G hk G f dP tnDaqmif&uxm;=u&ef tcgtm;avsmpm owif;xkwjf yefa&;tzG@J u &Si;f vif;cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? G f fG 13? ,ae@ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y+y;D onfh aemufyi;f wGif v$wawmfac:,l D kH D kd kd f a&;/ t%mv$ajymif;a&;udprsm;ESipyfvsO;f I pmapmifrsm;xkwa0aejcif;/ aqG;aEG;jiif;cHjk cif;/ jynfytoH J P hf f v$iXmersm;rS a&Saqmifvrf;jyvkyjf cif;/ aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmfjcif;/ w&m;r0if pm&Gupmwrf;rsm;xkwa0jcif; hf f f rsm; yvkyae=uonf? f 14? v$wawmfac:,la&;ESiywfoufI txufwif &Si;f vif;azmfjycJ+h y;D jzpfonf? tm%m v$ajymif; f hf G J a&;udpEipyfvsO;f I Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUu wdi;f r;rsm;/ wyfrr;rsm;/ jynf P S hf kfH df k
480
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f e,fEihf wdi;f +ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUrsm;tm; tcgtm;avsmpm ajym=um;cJonfh rde@f ce;f S k df fG h G rsm;wGif !ejf ycJ+h y;D jzpfonf? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J twGi;f a&;r; (1) taejzifvnf; kfH df h 1990 jynfh ESp/f Zlviv (13) &ufae@wiusi;f yonfh (100) }urajrmuf owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGY wdwvif; kd f Gf df J d vif; ajymqdc+hJ y;D jzpfonf? k 15? Ekiia&;tzG@J tpnf;w&yfonf jynfo@l vwawmf w&yfay:ayguvmHjk zifh Oya'yr_tm%m/ dfH $ f f pDrcef@crtm%mESihf w&m;pD&ifrtm%m[laom tcsKyftjcmtm%m (3) &yfukd tvdtavsmuf H JG _ _ k r&&SbJ tajccHOya'w&yftay: tajcyIom&,lEia=umif; txl;&Si;f vif;&efvrnf r[kwyg? 1947 d kd f kd f ckEp/f zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'onf 1947 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (24) &ufae@wif wki;f jynfyv$wf S f kH S G d awmfuvufcI Oya'tjzpftwnfycJonf? od@k aomf xktajccHOya'tm%mwnf+y;D trSewu,f H h d f tusK;d oufa&mufonfrm jrefrmEdiiH vH;k 0vGwvyfaomtcsKyftjcmtm%mydiEiiawmfjzpfa=umif; S kf f k f kd f H a=unmonfh 1948 ckEp/f Zefe0g &Dv (4) &ufae@wirjS zpfonfukd Oya'a=umif;t& txift&Sm; S Gf awG@Eionf? Ediiwck. zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'w&yfonf vGwvyfa&;r&rD a&;om;xm;onfOya'ESihf kd f kfH k f h vGwvyfa&;&SonfaemufrS a&;om;onfOya'[lI ESprsK;d &Sonf? vGwvyfa&;&&Sc=hJ uonfh urBmEiiH f d h h f d f d h kd f toD;oD;wGif tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk vufqyvufui&+yD;rSom wki;f jynfyv$wawmfuac:,lI k f kd f d f kd zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'udk a&;qG=J uonfh tpOftvm&Sonf// jrefrmEkiiwirl wki;f jynfyv$wawmfwif k d dfH Gf d f G zG@J pnf;yktajccHOya'uda&;qG+J y;D rS vGwvyfa&;a=unmcJ&onf? xdo@kd aqmif&ucjhJ cif;onf xdtcseu H k f h k G f k df Ediiacgi;f aqmifrsm;taejzifh +Awo#w@kd xrS +ir;f csr;f aomenf;jzifh vGwvyfa&;udk tjref&,lvaom kfH d d H d f kd qENa=umifh aqmif&ucjhJ cif;jzpfa=umif;rSm xif&m;onf? G f S 16? 1974 ckEp/f tajccHOya'udavhvmygu vGwvyfa&;&&S+d y;D aemuf a&;qGjJ cif;jzpf+y;D jynfo@l qEN S k f cH,yjJG zifjh ymef;cJaom Oya'jzpfonfukd rnfor#jiif;qdjk cif; yEdirnfr[kwyg? l h l kf f 17? 1947 ckEp/f zG@J pnf;tkycsKyytajccHOya'onf vGwvyfa&;r&rDa&;qGonfh Oya'jzpf+y;D 1974 S f f kH f J ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'onf vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;rSa&;qGJonfh Oya'jzpfa=umif; uGmjcm;csufudk txl;owdy=u&efvonf? kd 18? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Of yic=hJ uonfh Ediia&;ygwtrsm; D kH D kd JG G S df kfH D pk.qENrm zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'opfa&;qGa&;jzpfa=umif; ,if;wd@k . oabmxm;a=unmcsursm;t& S k J f od&Eionf? 1974 ckEp/f zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'a&;qGpOfu wki;f &if;om;rsm;ta&;ESiywfouf dS kd f S f kH J d hf I yifvnvmcHwif &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f vlrsK;d pkrsm;ESiom aqG;aEG;ndEi;f cJ+h y;D rGe/f &cdipaom vlrsK;d pkrsm;ESihf kH D G hf _d kf aqG;aEG;ndEi;f r_r&Sa=umif; awG@=u&rnfjzpfonf? ,ae@jrefrmEdiiwif Ediia&;t&Ed;k =um;vmaom _d d kfH G kfH wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; trsm;tjym;&S&m if;wd@k . qENoabmrsm;udnEi;f &,l+y;D cdirmonfz@JG pnf;yHk k d k d _d kf h tajccHOya'opfw&yf a&;qGjJ ymef;&ef txl;vdtyfaea=umif; xif&m;aeonf? k S 19? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ppftpd;k &w&yfjzpfonfEitnD rm&S,avm kfH df S hf f (Martial Law) Oya'udk udipusio;aeonfh tpd;&jzpfonf? xdo@kd jzpfonfEitnD jrefrmEdiitm; k f JG hf kH k k S hf kfH atmufygtwdi;f tm%moH;k &yfjzifh usio;kH vsu&onf? k f f dS (u) Oya'yr_tm%m ? ? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J uom usio;kH kfH df hf ydici&onf? k f G hf dS
481
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (c) pDrcef@crtm%m? ? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u usio;kH ydici&onf? H JG _ kfH df hf k f G hf dS od@k &mwGif ,if;tm%mudk tpd;k &tzG@J EiwuG jynfe,f/ wki;f / rd e,fp/k rd e,f/ &yfuu/f aus; S hf d G &Gmtkypk +ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J tqifqiftm; cGa0ay;vsuf pDrcef@ca&;udp&yfrsm;udk f df h h J H JG P pkaygi;f acgi;f aqmifrj_ zifh wm0efay;aqmif&uapvsu&onf? ,if;od@k aqmif&uapjcif;rSm G f f dS G f zGJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'ESitnD ay:ayguvmrnfh tpd;k &vufxufwif 0efxrf;rsm;onf Xme k hf f G qdi&mvkyief;rsm;udk Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf uif;&Si;f pGmaqmif&uEiap&ef avhusiaqmif&uay;ae kf f kfH D G f kd f hf G f jcif;jzpfonf? (*) w&m;pD&ifrtm%m ? ? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u usio;kH ydicihf _ kfH df f kfG &Sonf? od@k &mwGif zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'ay:ayguvmonftcsewif tavhtusi&ap&ef d k f h df G hf omref&mZ0wfrEihf w&m;rr_ponfrsm;udk w&m;H;k tqifqifz@JG pnf;+y;D ppfaq;pD&ifapvsu&dS _S h h f onf? 20? xd@k a=umifh ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforsm;ua&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom ud,pm; l kd f k f vS,rsm;onf tem*wf'rua&pD Ediiawmfz@JG pnf;yHtajccHOya'udk a&;qG=J u&efwm0ef&onfh yk*Kd~ vf f D kd kfH k dS rsm;jzpfonf? 21? Ediiawmftm%m&,la&;twGuf ,m,Dz@JG pnf;yHtajccHOya'a&;qGI tpd;k &zG@J pnf;jcif;udk kfH k J rnfonfenf;ESir# vufcEirnfr[kwonftjyif xdo@kd aqmif&uygu Oya'ESitnD xda&mufpm h hf H kd f f h k G f hf G ta&;,lrnfjzpfa=umif;ESifh jynfol@qENESifhtnD cdkifrmaomzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'opft& ay:ayguf vmrnfh tpd;k &w&yf rzG@J pnf;rD=um;umvwGif Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J taejzifh kfH df (u) jynfaxmifprydua&;/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wrrydua&;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%m k JG k G f_ JG wnfwci+f ra&;[lonfh ta&; (3) yg;? H kd J (c) Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J a=unmcsutrSwf (188) wGif yg&aom kfH df f dS w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;/ vrf;yef;qufo,r_ vHk cacsmarG@apa&;/ G f H jynfolrsm;. pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfapa&;ESifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usi;f ya&; ponfvyief;wm0ef}uD; (4) &yfteuf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG h kf D kH D kd usi;f ya&;wm0efrtyjzpfaom vkyief;wm0ef}u;D (3) &yfEihf S f S (*) jrefrmEdiitwGi;f &Sd wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tm;vH;k . zG@H z;d wd;k wufa&;twGuaqmif&u&ef kfH k f G f vkyief;wm0efrsm;udtav;*kyumuG,apmifa&Smufom;rnfjzpfa=umif;a=ujimvduonf? f k f h G k f (yH) cif!e@f k G AdvcsKyf k f twGi;f a&;r; (1) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ kfH f trde@f t&
482
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f uef@owf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf (97c) / taemufa&$*kHwdkifvrf; A[ef;re,f/ &efukefr a=unmcsuftrSwf - 3090 1? Ekiiawmfjidr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . (27-7-90) ae@pyg a=unmcsutrSwf dfH f JG f (190) tay:/ trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&;tzGJ@u ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif yg0if,SOfydifcJh=uonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;.oabmxm;udkawG@qkHar;jref;um atmufygtcsufrsm;udk 0efcvufrwa&;xk;d apcJygonf? H S f h (u) a=unmcsuf (190) udaocsmpGmzwf@_ avhvmod&+dS y;D jzpfygonf? k (c) a=unmcsuf (190) udk vkuemrnfrvkuemrnf? d f d f (*) a=unmcsuf (190) udk rvkuemygu yk*Kd~ vft&ta&;,lc&rnfukd od&ygonf? d f H dS (C) a=unmcsuf (190) udkrvkdufemygu ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; zsufodrf;cH&rnfudk od&ygonf? dS 2? ,if;ar;jref;csursm;udk usix;Hk yk'r (160) t& ac:,lar;jref;Ekici&onfjzpfI/ ygwtzG@J f hf f d f G hf dS D tpnf;rsm;rS if;wk@d wm0efay;tyfvuonfu,pm;vS,y*Kd~ vfrsm;udk ac:,lar;jref;onf[k qki&mu dk f h kd f fk df qkygonf? Ttcsuukd oufqi&mygwu vufrwa&;xk;d &rnfpm&Guwif twdtvif;a&;om; d f dk f D S f h f G azmfjy xm;ygonf? xkd@tjyif if;vufrSwfa&;xkd;&rnfhpm&GufwGif oufqkdif&mtzGJ@tpnf;ygwD. A[dtvkyf tr_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;. trnfpm&if;udvnf; yl;wGxm;ygonf? k k J 3? jypfrqi&musix;Hk Oya'yk'r (160)rSm atmufygtwki;f jzpfygonf? _ dk f hf f d
POLICE OFFICER POWER TO REQUIRE ATTENDANCE OF WITNESSES Any police officer making an investigation under this chapter may, by order in writing, require the attendance before himself of any person being within the limit of his own or any adjoining station who, from the information given or other wise, appear to be acquainted with the circumstances of the case, and such person shall attend as so required.
oufaorsm;a&muf&ap&ef &Jt&m&SuqifqEionftm%m dS d h dk dk f h Ttrde@f t&pkprf;axmufvr;f jcif;yaom rnfonf&t&m&Srqk/d ay;xm;aomowif;t& H S hJ d jzpfap/ tjcm;enf;t&jzpfap/ tr_tjzpftysufta=umif;t&mrsm;udkodu|rf;ykHay:aom rdrd&Jpcef; e,fajrtwGi;f / (ok@d r[kw) qufpyfaeaom&Jpcef;e,fajrtwGi;f &Sd rnfo@l urqkrra&Sod@k a&muf&ap&ef f h kd d d d dS trde@f pmjzifqifqEionf? h h dk dk f 4? xkd@tjyif EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@uxkwfjyefcsuf rSefor#wkd@onf
483
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f xkwjf yefjcif;jzpfa=umif;/ Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf Oya'y dfH f tm%m/ tkycsKyfrtm%m/ w&m;pD&ifrtm%mok;H &yfuo;Hk pGaeonfjzpfa=umif;/ od@k jzpfI if;wd@k f _ _ kd J xkwjf yefonfa=unmcsursm;udk trsm;uvkuem&efjzpfa=umif; oufqi&muajym=um;ygonf? h f d f dk f 5? tu,fI a=unmcsuf (190) udrvkuemygu k d f (u) vufrwa&;xk;d &rnfpmwGiy;l wGxm;onfy*Kd~ vfrsm;tm; yk'r (160) t& ta&;,l S f h f J hk f tjypfay;Ekionf? df (c) xk@d tjyif txufyg tyd'cJG (C) t&oufqi&mygwuvnf; zsuor;f jcif;cH&Ekiyg kf dk f D dk f d df onf? 6? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf/ rdrtzG@J csKyfwiyg0ifaqmif&uae=uolrsm;tm; yk*Kd~ vf kd d Gf G f t&ta&;,ltjypfay;cH&jcif;xuf/ 1988ck/=o*kwfv (8) &ufae@ 'Drkdua&pDawmif;cHr_rsm;t& wnf aqmufc+hJ y;D jynfow@dk ,=Hk unfu;kd pm;onftzG@J csKyf ysuf yef;oGm;rnftjzpfukd vk;H 0 (vk;H 0) vufrcHEiay? l h h dk f 7? rdrdwkd@tzGJ@csKyfudk pwifwnfaxmifcJhonfhae@rSpI ,ae@xufwkdifatmif }uD;pGmaom t=uyftwnf;/ tvSntajymif;rsm;t=um;rSyif &yfwnfrrysujf ym;atmif/ w&m;Oya't& ke;f uef hf _ v_y&m;cJ&ygonf? yxrtm;jzifh Ekiia&;tzG@J tpnf;w&yftjzpfvy&m;Eki&ef rSwywifconf? 'kw, fS h dfH _fS df f Hk hJ d tm;jzifh (e-o) ud&,lconf? wwd,tm;jzifh a&G;aumufywiyg0ifI ,SOf yita&G;cHconf? k hJ JG G f df hJ 8? tu,fI tzG@J csKytm;zsuor;f jcif;cH&ygu/ jynfow@dk u,wiay;tyfxm;onfh 'Drua&pD f f d l kd f dk f kd a&;wm0efrsm;udk rxrf;aqmifEiawmhbJ rdrw@dk tzG@J csKy. vkyief;udpt00udvnf; rnfo@kd r#qufvuf dk f d f f P k aqmif&uEiawmhrnfr[kway? Tod@k tm;jzifh tzG@J csKyftaejzifh w&m;0ifEiia&;v_y&m;r_rsm; ed*;Hk csKyf G f dk f f dk f H fS oGm;rnfomjzpfayonf? 9? tzG@J csKyfonf qufvufI&Sioeftouf0ifaerSomv#if Ekiia&;t&qufvufIpnf;k;H f dfH v_y&m;Ekici&onfjzpfayonf? od@k jzpfI tzG@J csKyf&ioefaejcif;utusK;d &Srnfukd tav;teufxm; f S d f G hf dS Sf d ygonf? 10? wu,fyuwdjzpf&yfukd "rR"Xmefusus qifjcifo;Hk oyfc=hJ uygonf? urBmorki;f wGif rnf h d h d onfEiirS t=uyftwnf;tcuftcJrsm;&Saeygu 'Drua&pDuv,vifwuljzif&&SEiconfh om"u h dk f H d kd kd G f h h d dk f hJ udrawG@&&yg? k dS 11? tu,fI tzG@J csKyfysuoO;f oGm;v#if tzG@J csKyfuu,pm;yjy;D 0ifa&mufta&G;cHc=hJ uonfh f k kd kd f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onfvnf; w&m;0if&yfwnfci&awmhrnfr[kw[,qygonf? $ f kd f f G hf f k l 12? tzG@J csKyonf trsK;d om;w&yfv;Hk uvkvm;awmifwae=uaom'Drua&pDa&;udk pnf;urf; f d h dk enf;vrf;wus+idr;f csr;f aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzif&&Sa&;twGuf ud;yrf;vkyaqmif=urnf[aomoEMXmef h d f l d jzifyif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf[I trnfay;v_y&m;cJjh cif;jzpfygonf? h kd l fS 13? rnfo@kd aomtcuftcJt=uyftwnf;rsm;&Saeapumrl 'Drua&pDa&;udk OD;xdyyefqif d dk f vsutajctaeESitcsetcgt& ,k=H unfcsuEitrSef w&m;udk odjrifjcif;[laomrl/ rSeuefpm =upnf f hf d f f S hf f G H awG;qjcif;ESihf vk;H v0&d,owdpuxwonfrw@kd Ei,OI v_y&m;pnf;k;H =u&rnfomjzpfayonf? kd f k f h l S hf S f fS 14? Tudpukd rd e,frsm;ESitajccHtzG@J tpnf;rsm;wk@d o@kd uwifcsjy&ef&nf&,ygaomfvnf; P hf d G f tcsetuef@towf&rEihf yk'r (160) t& aqmif&uEipr;f r&Scyg? df dS _ S f G f dk f G d hJ
(Martial Law) t&
484
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 15? xk@d a=umifh txufwiazmfjycJonfta=umif;rsm;udk aocsmpGmavhvmaqG;aEG;=u+yD; Gf h h TtzG@J csKyf A[dO;D pD;tzG@J u tzG@J csKyf.&yfwnfEia&;ESia&&SntusK;d twGuf (9-11-90) ae@ A[dO;D pD; k dk f hf f k tzG@J tpnf;ta0; (790) wGif t"dutav;xm;I qk;H jzwfcsucsrwc&ayonf? f S f hJ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 1352 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf (11)&uf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Ekd0ifbmv (12)&uf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUkH; pmtrSwf? 14 e0w (O) yw &ufpGJ? 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 29 &uf
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ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDuGef*&uf ureftrdsd K;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd u,m;jynfe,fvrsK;d aygi;f pk'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf l H D dk u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;'Drua&pDtzG@J G f dk u&ifjynfe,ftrsK;d om;rsm;tzG@J csKyf csif;trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&uf k f wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;ygwD d G f 'Drkdua&pDygwD 'Dru&ufwpfwuUovb@JG &ESiausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J dk dk f hf em*awmifwef;a'owk;d wufa&;ygwD jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k dk dk jynfaxmifpk"EktrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfaxmifpkytkdyf;trsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDygwD
485
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f r&mjynfol@ygwD (r-y-y) rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ rd (ac: ) crdtrsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (r-c-r-n-z) rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k dk &Srf;jynfukd;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD vm;[ltrsK;d om;zG@H zd;wk;d wufa&;ygwD trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD ta=umif;t&m? ? Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . uk,pm;vS,tzG@J Eia&G;cs,f dfH df d f f S hf cH&onfEiia&;ygwrsm;rSvwawmfu,pm;vS,acgi;f aqmifrsm;awG@qa&;? h dk f H D $ f kd f f Hk &nf!e;f csuf ? ? Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUk;H . 11-7-90 &ufpyg dfH f JG pmtrSw/f 14e0w (O) yw 1? Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J .uk,pm;vS,tzG@J onf a&G;aumufywif dfH f d f f JG G a&G;cs,c&onfh Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESiawG@q&ef tpDtpOf&dS fH dfH D f kd f f hf Hk a=umif;ESihf xko@kd rawG@qrD v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;taejzifh jynfo@l v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'yg d Hk f dk f f f JG aqmif&u&ef&onfup&yfrsm;udk +yD;jywfatmifaqmif&uxm;&S&efvtyfa=umif; &nf!e;f ygpmjzifh G f dS h d P G f d dk oufqi&m Ekiia&;ygwD (27) zG@J tm; ta=umif;=um;cJ+h y;D jzpfygonf? dk f d f H 2? od@k &mwGif txufazmfjyyg (27) ygwteufrS trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygwonf Ekiia&;ygwD D dk D dfH rsm; rSwywifjcif; Oya' yk'r 3/ yk'rcGJ (c) ESi+hf ipe;f aomvky&yfrsm;ukd vkyaqmifcjhJ cif;a=umifh ygwpHk f Hk f f dG f f D 'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. 20-12-90 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (902) dk JG f JG f jzifh Ekiia&;ygwtjzpfrwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsu+f y;D jzpfI ,if;ygwtm; awG@qa&; yvkyawmhrnf dfH D S f Hk D Hk f r[kwa=umif; today;ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? f (cif!Gef@) twGif;a&;r;
486
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'udk jyifqifonfhOya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 1091) 1353 ckESpf/ yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf 14 &uf (1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf) Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf atmufygOya'udk jyXmef;vduonf? kfH df k f 1? TOya'udk jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'udk jyifqifonfOya'[k ac:wGiap&rnf? $ f JG h f 2? TOya'onf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' jyXmef;onfh 1989 ckEp/f arv (31) $ f JG S &ufae@rpI tm%mwnfonf[k rSw,&rnf? S f l 3? jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'yk'r (11) wGif atmufygw@kd ukd yk'rcGJ (n) ESihf () $ f JG f f tjzpf jznfpu&rnf hG f (n) Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u tcgtm;av#mpmowfrwa=unm aom kfH df fG S f +idr0yfyjd ym;r_qi&mjypfrj_ zifjh zpfap/tusipm&dwysujf ym;r_qi&mjypfrj_ zifjh zpfap/ jypfr_ f kd f hf W kd f xif&m;pD&ifc&jcif;/ S H () yk'rcGJ (n) t& owfrwa=unmcsuwiyg0ifjcif;r&Saom jypfrwckcjk zifh jypfrxif&m; f S f f Gf d _ _ S pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if ,if;jypfronf +ir0yfyjd ym;r_qi&mjypfr_ (od@k r[kw) tusipm&dwysujf ym;r_ _ df kd f f hf W qdi&mjypfrj_ zpfa=umif; Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J .qH;k jzwfc&jcif;? kf kfH f H 4? jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'wGif atmufygw@kd ukd yk'r 80 (u)/ 80 (c)/ 80 (*) $ f JG f ESihf 80 (C) tjzpf jznfpu&rnf hG f 80 (u) ? EdiiawmfopPmazmufzsuyeuefrj_ zifjh zpfap/ ao'%f (od@k r[kw) woufwu|e;f kfH fkf f '%fxuaom jypfrj_ zifjh zpfap/ jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf kd f _ S f kd f f qufvuf&yfwnfyicir&Sa=umif;/ aumfr&Siua=unmcH&olonf aemifwif yvkyonfh kd f G hf d f G f a&G;aumufyrsm;wGif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf yg0if,Of yicihf r&Sap&? JG f kd f f S dfG d 80 (c) ? yk'r 80 (u) yg jypfrrsm;rSty tjcm;jypfrwckcjk zifh jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&ojzifh f _ _ _ S v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr&Sda=umif;/ aumfr&Sifua=unm cH&olonf a=unmonfae@rS (10) ESptwGi;f yvkyonfa&G;aumufyrsm;wGif v$wawmfu,f h f f h JG f kd pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf yg0if,Of yicir&Sap&? f S d f G hf d 80 (*) ? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcjhJ cif;onf ysujf y,fa=umif;/ f kd f f a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@uqHk;jzwfI tpdk;&tzGJ@utrdef@xkwfjyefa=unmjcif;cH&olonfvnf; aumif;/ owfrwxm;onftwdi;f a&G;aumufyueusp&dwpm&if;wifoi;f &ef ysuuuf S f h k JG k f f G f G ojzifh t&nftcsi;f ysu,i;f onf[k a&G;aumufyctzG@J .qH;k jzwfc&+y;D / aumfr&Siu t&nf f G JG kH H f tcsi;f ysu,i;f ol[k a=unmjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (od@k r[kw) a&G;aumufyJG f G f kd f f
487
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ud,pm;vS,onfvnf;aumif;/ a=unmonfae@rS (10) ESptwGi;f yvkyonfh a&G;aumufyJG k f f h f f rsm;wGif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf yg0if,Of yicir&Sap&? f kd f f S d f G hf d 80 (C) ? TOya't&jzpfap TOya't&yvkyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;t&jzpfap t&nf tcsi;f ysu,i;f oljzpfa=umif; aumfr&Siua=unmjcif;cH&onfh H;_ edrvwawmfu,pm;vS,f f G f hf $ f kd f avmif; (od@k r[kw) a&G;aumufyu,pm;vS,onf a=unmonfae@rS (5) ESptwGi;f yvkyf f JG kd f f h f onfh a&G;aumufyrsm;wGif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf yg0if,Of yicir&Sap&? JG f kd f f S d f G hf d EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ ( trdef@trSwf 491 ) 1353 ckESpf/ yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf 14 &uf (1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf) jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'yg +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_ESifhywfoufaomjypfr_rsm;udk owfrSwfonfh trdef@ 1? jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 11/ yk'rcGJ (n) wGif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G; G f JG f f f kd f f aumufwifajrmufcH&+yD;aemuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u tcgtm;av#mfpGm owfrwa=unmaom +ir0yfyjd ym;r_qi&mjypfrj_ zifjh zpfap/ tusipm&dwysujf ym;r_qi&m jypfrj_ zifjh zpfap S f df kd f hf W kd f jypfrxif&m; pD&ifc&jcif;jzpfygu v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyicir&Sa=umif; jy Xmef; _ S H f kd f f kd f G hf d xm;ygonf? 2? jypfrwpHw&mjzifh jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf tqdyg _ k _ S f kd f f k Oya'jyXmef;csut& v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfqufvuf&yfwnfyicihf &Sd r&SEihf pyfv#O;f I ,if;wd@k f f kd f f kd f G dS usL;vGecaomjypfronf +idr0yfyjd ym;r_Eiaomfvnf;aumif;/ tusipm&dwysujf ym;r_Eiaomfvnf; f hJ _ f S hf hf W S hf aumif; pyfv#O;f onfjh ypfr_ ([kwr[kw) owfrway;&ef jyXmef;xm;onftav#muf +idr0yfyjd ym;r_ f f S f h f qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ trsKd;tpm;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf aqmufa&;tzG@J u atmufygtwdi;f owfrwvuonf k S f kd f (u) +ir0yfyjd ym;r_qi&m jypfrrsm;? df kd f _ (1) EdiiawmfopPmazmufzsuyeuefr/_ kfH fkf (2) Ediiawmftpd;k &tm; t=unfnKd ysuatmifyvkyr/_ kfH f f (3) EdiiawmfopPmazmufzsuf ykeuefr}_ u;D ESipyfv#O;f I xdrcsejf cif;/ kfH f hf f (4) 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya't&jypfrrsm;/ hS H_ _
488
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (5) tpd;k &v#Kd 0SucsutufOya't&jypfrrsm;/ f f _ (6) vufeufrrsm;/ _ (7) jynfyod@k w&m;r0ifxucmr_/ jynfyrSw&m;r0if0ifa&mufr/_ G fG (c) tusipm&dwysujf ym;r_qi&m jypfrrsm;? hf W kd f _ (1) cd;k r_/ (2) vk,ufr/_ (3) "m;jyr_/ (4) vdrvnfr/_ f (5) tvGo;kH pm;r_/ J (6) r,m;cd;k r_/ (7) rk'r;f r_/ d (8) vlc;kd r_/ aoG;aqmifqac:r_/ tEditxufci;f apr_/ JG kf kd (9) trsK;d orD;um,daEysup;D ap&eft=uEihf vufa&mufr_ (od@k r[kw) tEditxufjyr_/ N f HS f kf (10) ydoaE<qi&m jypfrrsm;/ kd f _ (11) jynfwefqmESyuya&; tufOya't&jypfr/_ h df Gf (12) 1974 ckEp/f rl;,pfxxi;f ab;jzpfapwwfaomaq;0g;rsm;Oya't& jypfrrsm;/ S kH kd _ (13) avmif;upm;Oya't&jypfrrsm;/ _ (14) t*wdvupm;r_/ kd f (15) jynfoyiypPn;f umuG,a&;tufOya't& jypfrrsm;/ l kd f f _ (16) trsm;ydiypPn;f umuG,onfOya't& jypfrrsm;/ kf f h _ (17) EdiijH cm;aiGvv,rqi&m jypfrrsm;/ kf J S f _ kd f _ (18) EdiiawmftvHOya't& jypfrrsm;/ kfH _ (19) yHEyorsm;ESixwa0olrsm;rSwywifOya't& jypfrrsm;/ k dS f l hf k f f kH _ (20) jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya't& jypfrrsm;? $ f JG _
489
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf (97c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf; A[ef;re,f/ &efukefr pmtrSwf? 111 pnf; (+idrf) 96 ae@pGJ? 1996 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&uf odk@ AdvcsKyfr;}uD;oef;a&$ k f OuU EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ta=umif;t&m ? ? jynfovxu a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;vduonfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J l l k k f kd csKyfrS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udp? $ f kd f f P
1? 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u hS G kfH f }u;D r;usi;f yay;cJonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif Ediia&;ygwqonfrm ppfreaom h D kH D kd JG G k f H D kd S Sf ygwp'rua&pDukd vufcusio;kH aom tzG@J tpnf;udqonf?t& trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu D kH D kd H hf k kd kd 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf trsK;d om;Ediia&;wd@k twGuf jynfovx. ppfreaomqENuc,&ef 0ifa&muf,Of yif kd kfH l l k Sf kd H l S d ta&G;cHcygonf? hJ 2? ,if;a&G;aumufyY rJqENe,f (485) ae&mtwGuf a&G;aumufyusi;f yay;cJ&m trsK;d om; JG JG h 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu (392) ae&mwGivnf;aumif;/ tzG@J csKyf.trawtjcm;ygwD (2) ygwu (4) ae&m/ kd f D aygif; (396) ae&mwGifvnf;aumif;/ rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;cJhygonf? rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu wcJeufaxmufcray;vduonfrm txift&Sm;yifjzpfygonf? tcsKyftjcm S l l k H_ k f S tm%monf jynfovxxrqif;ouf&rnf[aom 'Drua&pDrukd jynfovxuazmfaqmifay; l l k H S l kd l l l k vdujf cif;rnfayonf? k 3? Tqdyg ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyonf w&m;r#wI vGwvyfaom a&G; k D kH D kd JG f aumufy[k jynfwi;f jynfyESp&yfv;kH u todtrSwf y=uygonf? od@k aomf a&G;aumufyusi;f y+y;D pD;onfrS JG G f JG r=umrDyif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mukefusp&dwfrsm;ESifhywfoufI vnf;aumif;/ +idr0yfyjd ym;r_qi&mjypfrrsm;ESihf tusipm&dwysujf ym;r_qi&mjypfrrsm;ESiywfoufI f kd f _ hf W kd f _ hf vnf;aumif;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk jynfo@l vwawmf kd $ f kd f f $ f ud,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpfrS EkwxuapcJygonf? k f f f G f h 4? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G; D kH D kd JG f $ f aumufyJG enf;Oya'rsm; trSwf (189) udk 30-6-89 &ufae@wif Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmuf G kfH df a&;tzG@J . 31-5-89 &ufae@pjJG zifxwjf yefcaom Oya'trSwf (1489) jzpfonfh jynfo@l vwawmf h k hJ $ f
490
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491
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492
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f awmfa&G;aumufyOya' (1489) wGif rlvuvkyyiciray;xm;onfukd txl;owdyrdyg JG f kd f G hf onf? 12? if;aemufvnf;/ Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf 10/ 7/ 91 ae@wif kfH df G trde@f trSwf (491) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'yg/ +ir0yfyjd ym;r_qi&mjypfrEihf tusihf $ f JG df kd f _S pm&dwysujf ym;r_Eihf ywfoufaomjypfrrsm;udk owfrwcjhJ yefygonf? +ir0yfyjd ym;r_qi&m jypfr_ (7) ck W S _ S f df kd f ESifh/ tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qkdif&mjypfr_ (20) wdk@udkjyXmef;cJhygonf? ygwDpHktaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usi;f y+y;D aemuf (1) ESpausmausmcef@=umaomtcsewif jyXmef;cJonfh aemufa=umif;jyef tm%m f f f df G h oufa&mufapaomOya't&/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf kd $ f kd f f jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrxwy,fjcif;udk cHc=hJ u&jyefygonf? $ f kd f f S k f 13? oufqi&myk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm; oufqi&mw&m;k;H od@k ac:,lppfaq;onftcgwivnf;/ kd f kd f h Gf rdrtay: wzufowfpypcsursm;udk ckcyicitjynft0r&&Sb/J w&m;r#wr_r&Saom ppfaq;pD&ifcsuf d G f JG f H kd f G hf h d d wdk@jzifh jypf'%frsm;csrSwfcJhygonf? Todk@aqmif&Gufjcif;onf w&m;Oya'ESifhudkufnDjcif;r&Sdonfudk awG@&&ygonf? dS 14? wzef jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'ESihf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'udk $ f JG $ f JG jyifqifonfh Oya'ygjyXmef;csuw@kd Ei+hf idpe;f jcif;vH;k 0r&Saom w&m;0ifajray: Ediia&;tiftm;pkwck f S G d kfH jzpfonfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk 15/ 5/ 96 ae@rpI jrefrmEdiiH kd $ f kd f f S kf w0Sr;f vH;k wGif oufqi&mrd e,frsm;Y zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&ygonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwi&&Saom kd f hJ kd Gf d rjynfponfpm&if;t&/ ud,pm;vS,f (238) OD; zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&ygonf? h kH h k f hJ 15? w&m;0ifEiia&;ygwjD zpfonfa=umifh omrefvy&;kd vkypOft&/ trsK;d om;'Dua&pDtzG@J kd f H kf f csKyfu/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy+JG y;D pD;onfh (6) ajrmufae@wif tzG@J csKyf.vkyief;&yfrsm;udk D kH D kd G f jynfovxu if;wd@k .qENt& a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;vduonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f l l k k f $ f kd f rsm;ESiaqG;aEG;I jyefvnfo;kH oyf&ef 26/ 6/ 96 ae@rS 28/ 6/ 96 (vdtyfygv#if 29/ 6/ 96 txd) xd hf k tpnf;ta0;w&yfukd usi;f y&efppOfcygonf? oufqi&myk*Kd~ vfrsm;xH zdwpmrsm;ay;yd@k cygonf? D hJ kd f f hJ 16? Tod@k Eiia&;ygwwck. omrefvy&;kd vkypOfw&yfukd pifyiftpd;k &axmifrnf/ wyfr kd f H D kf f awmfukd xdywu&ifqirnf/ vlpva0;jzifqyrj_ zpfatmifzefw;rnf[laom,lqcsursm;a=umifh f kd f kd f k l h ll D f tzG@J csKy.jynfo@l vwf awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udzrf;qD;jcif;jzpfonf[k zrf;qD;onfoufqi&mtm%m f $ kd f f k h kd f ydiw@kd . ajymqdcsursm;t& =um;od&ygonf? kf k f 17? Tod@k aompGypcsursm;onf tajctjrpfv;kH 0r&Syg? 4if;tjyif Tudponf jynfovx. f JG f d P l l k t=um;wGif rwnfr+idrjf zpfapEdiygonf? trSepifppfrm trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfuusi;f yonfh kf f S kd tpnf;ta0;onf tm%mydirsm;. xifjrif,qcsursm;twdi;f jzpfay:vmjcif;r&Sb/J atmifatmif kf l f k d jrifjrif/ acsmacsmarmarm/ wnfwnf+ir+f irEihf at;csr;f pGm+y;D qH;k cJygonf? Tonfuvnf; tm%mydif d dfS h kd k rsm;taejzifh aumif;pGmod&+dS y;D jzpfygonf? 18? zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&onfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;teuf/ tcsKd tm; 1950 jynfEp/f hJ $ f kd f f hS ta&;ay:pDrr_ tufOya'yk'r 5 (n) jzifvnf;aumif;/ tcsKd tm; Ediiawmftm; aESmif,uzsuq;D H f h kfH h S f f vdorsm;.ab;tE &m,frS umuG,apmifa&Smufonfh Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ yk'rrsm;wyfI zrf;qD; k l W f h f
493
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f cJjh cif;jzpfygonf? 19? xdo@kd zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&onfumvrsm;wGivnf; oufqi&mtm%mykiw@kd u trsK;d om; k hJ h f f kd f df 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; acsmIwenf;/ acsmufIwzH/k tvGajymqdk kd $ f kd f f h J jcif;/ aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +cdr;f ajcmufjcif;paom enf;rsK;d pH;k udtoH;k yI jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f k $ f kd f tjzpfrS Ekwxuapcdi;f onf[k =um;od&ygonf? xda=umifh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwf f G f k k kd $ awmfu,pm;vS,tcsKd onf rdrw@kd . vGwvyfaomqENt&r[kwb/J ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrEwf xGuf kd f f d f f k f f Sk ay;cJjh cif;rsK;d &Scygonf? d hJ 20? wzefzrf;qD;cH&jcif;rS jyefvwajrmufvmaom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tcsKd wd@k G f $ f kd f f xHodk@ ouffqdkif&mtm%mydkifwdk@rS enf;rsKd;pHk;wdk@udktoHk;yjyefIE_wfxGufcdkif;aeonf[k v$wfawmf ud,pm;vS,rsm;xHrS =um;od&ygonf? Oyrmwckrm wOD;wa,mufuwGe;f tm;ay;I rdru,yif k f f S d kd f kd qENrygbJ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f tjzpfrEkwxuapcdi;f onfoabmoufa&mufonfh pmwapmifukd f kd f S f G f k h {&m0wDwi;f / ausmif;uke;f rd e,f trSwf (2) rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,u23/ 6/ 96 kd $ f kd f f &ufpjJG zifh Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuU xHo@kd wifjyonfh pmjzpfygonf? Tpmudk kfH df rdwLtjzpfy;l wGxm;ygonf? W J 21? txufazmfjycJonfh vkyaqmifcsursm;onf Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; h f f kfH f tzG@J OuU.rde@f ce;f rsm;jzpfaom wyfrawmf[m Ediita&;tiftm;pktm;vH;k eJ@y;l aygi;f +y;D / Ediiawmf G kfH kfH tusK;twGuf nDn!w!we@J aqmif&uom;Edizkd tjrJwrf;u;pm;aeygw,f[laom rdef cGe;f ESihf d D G f G f G f G kf vnf;aumif;/ rdrw@kd wyfrawmfonfEiia&;ygwrsm;udypfy,fjcif;r&Sa=umif;/ wdi;f jynf aumif;atmif d kd f H D k d k vky=f u&efom ta&;}u;D a=umif; [laomrde@f ce;f ESivnf;aumif;/ uGvaeonfukd txl;*&kyrSwom; G hf J JG f xm;rdygonf? Tae@Ttcsetcgonf w&m;0ifygwD (10) ck &yfwnfvsu&&mrS trsK;d om;'Drua&pD df f dS kd tzG@J csKyfwzG@J wnf;udomypfrwxm;I ,if;tzG@J . jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk ta=umif; k S f $ f kd f f trsK;d rsK;d jzifh Ekwxuapcdi;f jcif;jzpfygonf? f G f k 22? tcsKytjcmtm%monf jynfovxxrqif;oufonfqaom 'Drua&pDrt&/ jynfo@l f l l k HS kd kd l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu/ vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyjJG zifh f kd f f S l l k f wcJeufaxmufcI a&G;aumufwifajrmufc=hJ ujcif;jzpfygonf? rJqEN&ijf ynfovx.qENukd rypfy,f H S l l k aumif;yg/ EdkifiHtusKd;udkar#mfudk;I rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxk.qENudk OD;xdyfyefqif=u&rnfjzpfygonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf EkwfxGufvdkonf/ rEkwfxGufvdkonfudpPrsm;rSm jynfol@ v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (3) wGif v$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD/ a&G;aumuf f JG f f hf wifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f rsm;jzifz@JG pnf;&rnf [laom jyXmef;csut&vnf; kd f f kd f h f aumif;/ Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . a=unmcsutrSwf (190) wGiyg&onfh ,if; kfH df f f dS jyXmef;csufESifhtnD v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;jcif;udk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u aqmif&uay;rnf[laom tcsut&vnf;aumif;/ jynfo@l vwawmfw&yfay:ayguvm+yD;/ v$wf G f f $ f f awmf OuUxHwifjyI/ v$wawmf.tqH;k tjzwfuc,+l y;D rSom aqmif&uEijf cif;jzpf&ygrnf? f kd H G f kd 23? txufyga=umif;rsm;a=umifh ,ckuo@kd oufqi&mtm%myditcsKd u jynfo@l vwawmf hJ kd f kf $ f ud,pm;vS,tcsKd tm;/ jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f tjzpfrEwxuapcdi;f jcif;rsK;d udk wm;jrpfay; k f f $ f kd f Sk f G f k
494
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f yg&efEi/hf rSeuefjcif;r&SaompGypcsursm;udk jyifqifay;yg&ef wduwe;f tyfygonf? S f d f JG f k f G (yH) k atmifa&$ OuU trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rdwWLudk OD;baX;/ OuU/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif/ jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD f kd f 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ycJ+h y;D aemuf hS G D kH D kd JG &SpfESpfausmf=umvmonfhwdkif a&G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; e0wetz rS todtrSwfytaumif txnfazmfay;jcif;r&SdcJhonfhtwGuf a&G;aumufyGJwGiftEdkif&&SdcJh=uonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;taejzifh jynfovxray;tyfconfwm0eftm; OD;vnfrokeaqmif&u=f urnf[k oHEXmefcsrwxm;+yD;jzpf l l k S hJ h f G dM S f onfEitnD 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wif a&G;aumufywiatmifjrifcaom rJqENe,f S hf S G JG G f hJ ajrta&twGuft& yxr/ 'kwd,ESifh wwd,ae&mrsm;&&SdcJh=uonfh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd Eitwl rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J / k kd k f D kd S hf f kd Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&ufw@kd vufwv#uf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (251) OD;wd@k rS v$tyfay;xm; k f JG $ f kd f J onfhvkyfydkifcGifht& ppfrSefonfh'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkay:aygufa&;udkar#mfudk;+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmf ac:,la&;uda&S_um jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDtm; w&m;0ifz@JG pnf;cJonf? k $ f kd f h rlvpwifz@JG pnf;pOfu tzG@J 0if (10) OD;yg0ifc+hJ y;D / ,cktcg tzG@J 0if (19) OD;txd wd;k csJ yg0if vmcJonf? jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD. rJqENe,fu,pm;yr_rm h $ f kd f kd f S pOf? 1? 2? 3? 4? 5? Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; kfH D trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k kd &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf k f D kd rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J f kd trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD hf kd ud,pm;yrJqENe,f k f 392 23 11 5 4
495
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 6? 7? 8? 9? 10? 11? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygwD kd Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&uf k f jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k kd kd rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J fJ &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'ru&ufwpfygwD D kd woD;yk*v ~ pkpaygi;f k tzG@J 0ifrsm;rSm (1) OD;atmifa&$ (trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf) kd OuU (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 344) (2) OD;oef;xGe;f (trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf) kd twGif;a&;r; (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 234) (3) OD;at;omatmif (&cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf) k f D kd twGif;a&;r; &cdkifjynfe,f/ rif;jym;rdZmwdjzpfonf? umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ t}uD;pm;pufr_vkyfief; aumfya&;&Si;f wGif 'kt&mcHAvtjzpftr_xrf;cJonf? 1974 ckEp/f tvkyorm;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifchJ kd kd f h S f ojzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D / tvkyrxwy,fcc&onf? &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKy. wGzuftaxGaxG hJ f S k f H hJ k f D kd f J twGi;f a&;r;jzpfonf? jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDwif rlvu &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pD $ f kd f G k kd tzG@J csKyf/ &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J / Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&ufw@kd . ud,pm;vS,f k f D kd f kd k f k f tjzpfyg0ifconf? 2000 jynfEp/f {+yv (24) &ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D hJ hS D G S hJ ZGev (21) &ufae@wif 1950 jynfEp/f ta&;ay:pDrr_ tufOya'/ yHEyorsm;ESixwa0olrsm;rSwykH f G hS H k dS f l hf k f f wifOya'rsm;t& axmif'%f (21) ESpcsrwjf cif;cHc&+yD; 2002 ckEp/f =o*kwv (16) &ufae@wif tif;pdef f S hJ S f G A[kdtusOf;axmifrS jyefvGwfonf? (4) OD;wifO;D (trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf) kd tzG@J 0if tz OD;armifui/f trda': jrwifw@kd rS 1927 ckEp/f rwfv (12) &uf 1288 ckEp/f waygi;f v d S S qef; (10) &uf {&m0wDwi;f / ykorf rd / a&ausm}f u;D &GmwGiarG;zGm;cJonf? ykorf rd / A[dtrsK;d om; txuf kd d f h d k wef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;rS (10) wef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 'kw,urBmppf}u;D pwif h d 3 2 1 1 1 1 444
496
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jzpfym;pOf awm&GmwGippfab;'%fa&SmifaepOf zcifu,vecojzifh acwWu&if0wf+y;D aemuf (10) wef; G f G f G f hJ kd atmifjrifonftxd qufvufynmoif=um;cJonf? ykorf rd / A[dtrsK;d om; txufwef;ausmif;wGif h d k ynmoif=um;aepOf 193638 ckEp/f wEdiiv;kH ausmif;om;oydwjf zpf+y;D / ausmif;rSyvkyonfh pDwef; S kfH f vSnvnfqENjyyGrsm;wGif yg0ifvy&m;cJonf? ausmif;rSO;D pD;zG@J onfh yifevi,fwyfz@JG wif yg0ifconf? hf J _fS h D l G hJ 1943 ckEpaemufyi;f / touf (16) ESpjf ynft+y;D wGif ppfx0if&eftwGuf &efuef rd od@k a&muf Sf kd h J k &Sc+hJ y;D / ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf/ ppf0ef}u;D k;H / A[duif;wyf (,ck y'krmuGi;f ae&m) wGif wyfom;tjzpf d f k R pwif0ifa&mufconf? Advoifwef;ausmif;wuf&eftwGuf t&nftcsi;f ppfpmar;yGEifh ppf0ef}uD;k;H hJ k f JS vlawGppfaq;r_ ajzqkc,+l yD;r=umrD 0ifqmwef;vsm; (,ck orRwtdrawmf0ef;twGi;f ) wGizivpf dH f f G hf S xm;onfh tcsujf yavhusia&;wyf&if;wGif oifwef;wufaepOf r*Fvm'kH wwd,ygwf Advoifwef; hf k f k f G hf h ausmif; ( Third Bath of Officer Training School ) od@k Advavmif;oifwef; wufci&cJonf? 1944 ckEp/f Ek0ifbmv (10) &ufae@wif wwd,ygwAvoifwef;qif+yD; ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmfwif S d G f kd f f G jyefwrf;0ift&m&StvkyoifAvf (rDemdu&cef;)/ wvki;f ok;H yGihf txl;=u,fjzifh &mxl;cef@tyfjcif;cH&onf? d f kd k f dS d wyfrawmfjyefvnfz@JG pnf;ay;rnftpDtpOft& rsK;d cspwyfrawmfzsuor;f onftcg Zmwd h f f d h &Gmod@k jyefvmcJonf? 1946 ckEpwiwuUovqufwuf&ef &efuef rd@o@kd jyefvmcJonf? &efuef rd h S f Gf kd f k h k od@k a&muf&+dS y;D rsK;d cspwyfrawmfXmecsKyfzivpxm;&m avmif;0pfpvrf; (,cktif;,m;rivrf;/ rif;uGe;f f G hf S f f df awm& bke}f u;D ausmif;0ef;) wGif ArmhwyfrawmftwGujf yefwrf;0ift&m&Srsm;/ uENpmcsKyft& a&G;cs,f d D cef@xm;aeonfowif;=um;I oGm;a&mufpprf;&m rlvwm0efxrf;aqmifconfh awmfvea&;wki;f h Hk hJ S f d trSwf (4)/ wyf&if; (102)pm&if;wGiaemif jyefvnfz@JG pnf;rnfh Armhwyfrawmfwif wkuujf yefwrf; f G d f dk 0ift&m&Stjzpf (od@k ) t*Fvyb&ifppfwuUovwif Advavmif;tjzpfausmif;wuf&ef axmufcxm; d df k h kd f G k f H ojzifh t&m&Sdtjzpfjyefvnfav#mufxm;cJh&m (=unf; 3651) 'kwd,Adkvf(Second Lieutenant) tjzpfcef@tyfcc&onf? xk@d aemuf jrif;jcHrd@&dS +Adwo#ppfwyfrppft&m&Srsm;oif=um;ay;onfh tajccH H hJ d S d ppfynmoifwef; wufa&muf&onf? xk@d aemuf 1946 ckEpqef;wGif arr@d (,ck jyifO;D vGi) wGif t&m&Sd Sf f i,frsm;oifwef;od@k wufa&muf&onf? 1947 ckEp/f Ek0ifbmvwGif puFmyl&dS +Awo#ta&Szsm;wyfrsm;qki&mXmecsKyfrS OD;pD;zGivpf S d d d df hf S onfh ppfqifa&;avhusiroifwef;od@k 1948 ckEp/f Zefe0g&vv,ftxd wufa&mufc&onf? hf _ S D hJ 1950 ckEpwif w&kwjf ynf,eefe,fawmifyi;f &Sd w&kwjf zL (ulrifwef) wyfrsm;/ wkwjf ynf Sf G l dk ol@wyfrawmf. xk;d ppfqifwucura=umifh jrefrmEkiio@kd usL;ausm0ifa&mufvmcJonfukd &Gw&wc|c|H dk f dk f _ dfH f h fG f H ckcwucuconftwGuf ol&bG@J O;D jrijhf cif;cHc&onf? H dk f kd f hJ h hJ 1964 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wif awmfvea&;aumifpa=unmcsutrSwf (59) jzifh S G Sf D f taemufawmifwi;f ppfXmecsKyfwi;f r;/ Advr; }u;D wifO;D tm; awmfvea&;aumifp0iftjzpf cef@tyfchJ kd kd k f Sf D onf? 1972 ckEp/f {+yv (20) &ufae@wif awmfvea&;aumifprS a=unmcsutrSwf (100) jzifh S D G Sf D f Advr; csKyfwifO;D tm; umuG,a&;0ef}u;D Xme/ 'kw,0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efay;tyfconf? k f f d hJ 1974 ckEp/f rwfv (3) &ufae@wif jynfaxmifpq&,vpforRwjrefrmEdiiawmf jynfo@l S G k kd S f kfH v$wfawmf yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;rS Adkvfr;csKyfwifOD;tm; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 0ef}uD;tjzpf
497
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f wm0efay;tyfconf? hJ 1974 ckEp/f ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;csKyfa[mif; OD;oef@Zmyeta&;tcif;/ 1976 S ckEp/f tvkyorm;ta&;tcif;rsm;wGif jynfovxtxdtcduenf;atmif aqmif&ucojzifh jynfovl S f l l k k f G f hJ l xk. =unfnKd av;pm;r_cc&onf? H hJ 1974 ckEp/f rwfv (1) &ufae@rS 1976 ckESpf/ rwfv (6) &ufae@txd umuG,a&;OD;pD;csKyf S f (1-3-74 6-3-76) ESihf umuG,a&; 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? f hJ 1976 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wif tif;pdef r@d / tusO;f axmifteD;&Sd txl;w&m;k;H S G wGi&efuewi;f w&m;ol}u;D tzG@J OuU OD;tke;f armif/ tzG@J 0ifrsm;tjzpf OD;jrwfw;dk / OD;armifarmif0if;wk@d f k f dk yg0ifonfh &efuewi;f w&m;ol}u;D tzG@J o@dk jynfo@l &wyfz@JG / owif;wyfz@JG r; k;H / &Jr; OD;pd;k jrifu Ekiiawmf k f dk J h dfH acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; vky=f uowfjzwf&efppOfaqmif&ur/_ jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwtm; zsu&ef=uH H D G f dk S f D f pnfrEihf tm;ay;ulnrw@kd jzifh Adv}f u;D tke;f ausmjf rifEihf Adv}f u;D 0if;ode;f wd@k tm; Ediiawmfyeuefrj_ zifh _S D_ k hS k kfH kf w&m;pGq&mwGif odv#uxecseconf[qum xnfoi;f w&m;pGqjdk cif;cHc&I oufaotaxmuf J kd f d f f hJ k dk h G J hJ txm;r&SyJ axmif'%f (7) ESptjypfay;cHc&onf? 1980 jynfEpwif vGw+f ir;f csr;f omcGijhf zifaxmifrS d f hJ hSf G d h jyefvwonf? $ f vGw+f ir;f csr;f omcGijhf zifaxmifrvwvm+y;D aemuf omoemabmifo@dk (2) ESpcef@ 0ifa&mufcJh d h S G f f onf? xk@d aemuf vlxu+f y;D Oya'ynmahvmoif,qnf;yl;cJ&m 198486 ckEprsm;twGi;f rSwywif G l h Sf f Hk S f h h d hJ a&Sae [R.L.] atmifvufrw&cJonftjyif Oya'ynmbG@J [LL.B.] yg&&Sconf? 1988 ckEp/f =o*kwv (27) &ufae@eeufyi;f wGif &efuef rd / AdvcsKyatmifqef;vrf;/ taxGaxG S f H dk k k f f a&m*guaq;k}H u;D / ta&;ay:Xmea&SY vlxtpnf;ta0;yGwif 'Drua&pDjyefvnf&&Sa&;twGuf pnf;H;k k k J G kd d a[majymcJonf? 1988 ckEp/f =o*kwv (29) &ufae@eeuf (10) em&Dwif A[ef;r@d / 0*Fbmvrf;/ jctrSwf h S f H G H (10) aetdrwitzG@J 0if (21) OD;jzifz@JG pnf;cJonfh 'Drua&pDEi+hf ir;f csr;f a&;tzG@J (,m,D) wGif taxGaxG f Gf h h dk S d twGi;f a&;r;tjzpf yg0ifc+hJ y;D / pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wiEwxuconf? G f k f G f Jh 1988 ckEp/f =o*kwv (8) &ufae@wiz@JG pnf;cJonfh wyfrawmfwyfr; a[mif;rsm;ESihf &Jabmf S f Gf h a[mif;rsm;tzG@J wif 'kw,OuUtjzpf aqmif&uconf? G d G f hJ 1988 ckEpf pufwifbmv (24) &ufae@wiz@JG pnf;cJ+h y;D / (27) &ufae@wiw&m;0if rSwywif S Gf Gf f Hk cJonfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfwif 'kw,OuUjzpfvmcJ+h yD;/ xdEp'Zifbmv (10) &ufae@wif h kd G d kSfD G OuUjzpfol OD;atmif}u;D Ekwxuom;ojzifh OuUjzpfvmcJonf? f G f G h 1989 ckEp/f Zlviv (20) &ufae@wif Ekiiawmftm;aESmif,uzsuq;D vkorsm;. ab; S kd f G dfH h S f f d l tE &m,frS umuG,apmifa&SmifonfOya't&ta&;,lcc&+yD; 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@wif txl; W f h h H hJ G ppfc;Hk trSwf (5) rS tvkyEiaxmif'%f (3) ESpuscap&ef jypf'%fcsrwconf? jypf'%fjynfumeD;wGif Hk f S hf f H S f hJ h aemufxyfppfc;Hk twifc&+y;D ,cifupGqconfpcsutwdi;f aemufxyfaxmif'%f (7) ESpcsrwcc& Hk H J kd hJ h JG f k f S f H hJ onf? 1995 ckEp/f rwfvwGif axmifrjS yefvwonf? S G f 2000 jynfEp/f =o*kwv (24) &ufae@wif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f hS f G kd a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifEivi,ftcsKd wd@k Eitwl/ aumhr; rd ESihf uGr;f jcue;f S hf l S hf H k rd rsm;od@k ygwpnf;H;k a&;vkyief;rsm;vkyaqmif&eftoGm;/ 'vrd txGuwif tm%mydirsm;. wm;jrpf D f f f G kf
498
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ydwq@kd [ef@wm;jcif;cHc&I/ (9) &uft=um pufwifbmv (1) &ufae@ nOfoef;aumifwif twif; f hJ h G t"rRcsKyfaESmifzrf;qD;+y;D aetdro@kd jyefy@kd cc&+y;D / aetdrtus,csKyfjzifh 2000 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv f H hJ f f hS (14) &ufae@txdaecJ&onf? h 2000 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (22) &ufae@wif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f hS G kd a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEitwl rE av;rd od@k r;D &xm;jzifc&D;oGm;&ef/ &efuebwm}u;D od@k a&muf S hf W h kf l &SpOf tm%mydirsm;rS[ef@wm;+y;D / zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifI &Jrewyfpcef;wGif xde;f odr;f xm;cJonf? aemufyi;f d kf Gf h kd wGif aetdrjf yefy@kd I tus,csKyfcsxm;+y;D / 2001 ckEp/f =o*kwv (26) &ufae@naeydi;f wGirS aetdrf f S f k f tus,csKyfjzifxe;f odr;f xm;jcif;udk jyefvnfyor;f ay;cJonf? f h d kf d h 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@wif ucsijf ynfe,fpnf;H;k a&;c&D;pOftwGi;f / ppfui;f wdi;f / a&$bkd S G kd k cdi/f 'Dy,if;rd teD; tm%mydirsm;rS pepfwuswifujd yifqifwucuconf/h aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uH k J kf kd f kd f hJ owfjzwfwucurtwGi;f toufraoyJ zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHc&+yD;/ ppfui;f wdi;f / uav;axmifwif kd f kd f _ hJ kd k G xde;f odr;f xm;&mrS 2004 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (14) &ufae@nydi;f wGif &efuef rd aetdro@kd jyefy@kd jcif;cHchJ S D k k f &+yD;/ tus,csKyfjzifh qufvufxe;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? 2005 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (14) &ufae@wif f d hJ S D G 1975 ckEpwijf yXmef;I 1991 ckEpwif jyifqifxwjf yefconfh Ediiawmftm; aESmif,uzsuq;D vdk Sf G Sf G k hJ kfH h S f f olrsm;.ab;tE &m,frS umuG,apmifa&Smufonfh Oya' yk'r 10 (c) jzifh 2006 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v W f h f S D (13) &ufae@txd aetdrtus,csKyfoufwrf; (1) ESpxyfw;kd cJonf? jypf'%fjynfajrmufonfh 2006 f f f h h ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (13)& ufae@wif wzef aemufxyfjypf'%foufwrf; (1) ESpf xyfw;kd jcif;cHc&onf? S D G hJ (5) a':atmifqef;pk=unf (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if 1945 ckEp/f ZGev (19) &ufae@wif &efuef rd YarG;zGm;cJonf? AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf a':cif S f G k h k f =unfw@kd .orD; jzpfonf? zcif AdvcsKyfatmifqef;vky=f uc&pOfu(2) ESporD;t&G,f jzpfonf? k f HH f 1949 ckEprS 1957 ckEptxd &efuef rd pde@f z&efppfueAifausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJonf? Sf Sf k Gf h h 1957 ckEprS 1960 jynfEptxd &efuerd t*Fvyrufo'pfueAifausmif;wGif qufvuf Sf hSf k df Gf h ynmoif=um;cJonf? h 1960 jynfEpwif rdcifjzpfoa':cif=unf tdE,Ediiqi&m jrefrmEdiiotrwf}uD;tjzpf hSf G l dN k f H kd f kfH H cef@tyfjcif;cH&ojzifh rdcifEitwl tdE,EdiiH e,l;a'vDrd od@k vuygconf? a&_Eiar&Duebifausmif; S hf dN k f kd f hJ S hf Gf h (Convent of Jesus and Mary) ESihf av'D&,&&rfaumvdyf (Lady Shri Ram College) wd@k Y qufvuf S fD ynmoif=um;onf? 1962-63 ckEprsm;wGif a'vDwuUovY Ediia&;odybmom&yfukd avhvmqnf;yl;cJonf? Sf kd f k f H H` h 1964-67 ckEprsm;wGif atmufpzd@k wuUov&dS [l@paumvdyY '\eduaA'/ Ediia&;odyEihf Sf kd f f f kfH H` S pD;yGm;a&;ynm&yfrsm;udavhvmqnf;yl;cJ+h yD; 0dZm*k%x;l bG@J u&&Sconf? k f kd d hJ 1968 ckEpwif vef'efwuUovf ta&Swdi;f ESitmz&duavhvma&;Xme/ Ediia&;odyXmeY Sf G kd k hf kfH H` okawoevufaxmuftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? hJ 1969-71 ckESpfrsm;wGif e,l;a,muf ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;csKyfHk;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;
499
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ESihf bma&;qdi&mudp&yfrsm; t=uay;aumfrwD (Advisory Committee on Administrative and kf P H f Budgetary Questions, United Nations Secretariat, New York) wGif vufaxmuftwGi;a&;r;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? hJ 1971 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (31) &ufae@wif a'guwmrduu,ft&pf (Mr. Michael Viallancourt S k G f k f J Aris) ESihf vufxyfconf? (a'guwmrduu,ft&pfonf +Awo#vrsK;wOD; jzpfonf? atmufpzd@k wuU hJ f k f J d d l d odvrS ynm&SiwOD;jzpf+y;D / ajrmufyi;f Ak'bmom r[m,e. vlra&;ESihf ,Ofaus;r_qi&mordi;f a=umif; k f f kd < _ kd f k udk txl;yavhvmaeaom okawoeynm&Sijf zpfonf? ,if;ynm&yfEioufqiaom pmtkypmwrf; S hf kd f f rsm;udvnf; a&;om;ypkxwa0cJonf?) 1973 ckEp/f {+yv (12) &ufae@wif om;}u;D jrifqef;atmif k k f h S D G h k h S (c) tvufZef;'g; Alexander John Christopher Aris udarG;zGm;cJI 1977 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (24) &ufae@wif om;i,f xdevif; (c) uifrf Dannian Kim Arundel Aris udk arG;zGm;cJonf? G f h 1972-73 ckESpfrsm;wGif blwefEdkifiH EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;kH;wGif ukvor*~udpPrsm;qdkif&m t=uHay;t&m&Stjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? d hJ 1975-77 ckEprsm;wGif atmufpzd@k wuUovf (Oxford University) abmh'vD,efpm=unfh Sf kd (Bodleian Library) wduY jrefrmpmtkyEihf ayyk&yd'uufwavmufypkol ynm&Sitjzpf wm0ef k f fS kf f xrf;aqmifconf? hJ 1985-86 ckEprsm;wGif *syefEiiusKd wdwuUovf ta&Sawmiftm&Sqi&mavhvma&;Xme Sf kd f H k kd kd f wGif okawoeynm&Sitjzpf oGm;a&mufoawoeycJonf? f k h 1987 ckEpwif tdE,EdiiH qif;rvm;rd&Sd txl;avhvmokawoeya&;tdE,odyXme S f G dN k f dN H` (Indian Institute of Advanced Study) wGif okawoet&m&Sd (Research Fellow) tjzpf vkyuiconf? f kd f hJ 1987 ckEpwif vef'efwuUovta&Swdi;f ESihf tmz&duavhvma&;XmewGif wifoi;f &ef Sf G kd f k G bG@J vef pmwrf;wapmifukd ypkv#u&onf? ,if;pmwrf;trnfrm (1910-1940 ckEptwGi;f jrefrmpmay G f dS S Sf wGif d;k &mtpOftvmtopf jzpfay:xGe;f um;r_Eihf trsK;d om;a&;0g') [lIjzpfonf? S 1988 ckEpf jrefrmjynfo@kd jyefvmonftcg vef'efwuUovta&Swdi;f ESihf tmz&duavhvm S h kd f k a&;XmewGif avhvmjcif;udk &yfem;vdu&onf? k f 1989 ckEp/f Zlviv (20) &ufae@rpI Ediiawmftm; aESmif,uzsuq;D vdorsm;. ab; S kd f S kfH h S f f k l tE &m,frS umuG,apmifa&Smufonfh Oya'yk'r 10 (c) t& a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; aetdrwif W f h f f G wm;qD;rde@f xwjf yefI wm;qD;xm;jcif;cHc&onf? k hJ aetdrtus,csKyfjzifh xde;f odr;f jcif;cHae&pOf 1989 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@wif ygwpkH f f S G D 'Drua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif yg0if,Of yirnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmcJonf? kd JG G S df h Ediia&;u;yrf;r_rsm;a=umifh 20-7-98 ae@rSpI xde;odr;cHc&ygonf? txde; kfH f f hJ f odr;cHae&v#uEiyif rdrtzG@J csKyf. 'Drua&pDenf;vrf;t&qH;jzwfcsuukd av;pm;aom f f S hf d kd k f tm;jzifif;/ wdi;f oljynfom;wd@k . trSew&m;ESiuunaom vdtyfcsursm;udk wwfpr;f h k f hf kd f D k f G oa&G@ ulnjD znfpuvaoma=umifvnf;aumif;/ 'Drua&pDuvvm;aom jynfovx}k u;D . h G f kd h kd kd kd l l ZGowWukd *k%f yaomtm;jzifvnf;aumif; 1989 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv A[ef;re,f trsK;d om; J d h S 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; pDppfa&G;cs,a&;tzG@J .qH;k jzwfcsuf kd $ f kd f f f
500
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f udvuemI a&G;aumufywif yg0if,Of yifvowOD;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoi;vduyg k kd f JG G S kd l Gf k f onf? atmifqef;pk=unf 22-12-89 od@k aomf wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ygwtm;ud,pm;yI &efuewi;f / A[ef;rd e,frqEN k G f D k f k f kd J e,ftrSwf (1) wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfEi,Of yi&ef tqdk yxm;jcif;cH&ol OD;vbef*a&mifrS uef@uuf S hf S d f G v$mwifoi;f cJ&m yef;qd;k wef;trSwf (1) wGif zGivpppfaq;cJonfh &efuewi;f a&G;cs,wifajrmufyJG G h hf S f h k f kd f usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirvufcppfaq;I a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r 10 (i) jzifh +ipe;f onf[qum a':atmif fS H JG f dG k kd qef;pk=unf. trnfpm&if;wifoi;f v$mudy,fcscojzifh 0ifa&muf,Of yicihf r&&SyjJ zpfc&onf? G k hJ S dfG d hJ 1991 ckEptwGuf +idr;f csr;f a&;Edbvqcs;D jrijhf cif;cH&onf? 1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (10) Sf k J f k S &ufae@wif aemfa0Edii/H atmfpvdk rdawmfwiusi;f yonfh qkcs;D jriytcrf;tem;od@k ud,wirwuf G kf Gf hf JG k f kd f a&mufEiojzifh om;}uD;jzpfojl rifqef;atmifu rdcifu,pm;wufa&mufq,conf? kd f h kd f k l hJ 1995 ckEp/f Zlviv (10) &ufae@wif aetdrtus,csKyftjzpf wm;qD;xm;onftrde@f tm; S kd f G f f h tm%mydirsm;rS kyor;f ay;cJonf? kf f d h e,l;a,muftajcpduf rpf (MS) r*~Zif;rS 1995 ckEptwGuf trsK;d orD;xl;c|eqk (12) k Sf f OD; a&G;cs,c&mwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfyg0ifonf? f hJ 2000 jynfEp/f rwfv (18) &ufae@wif tdi,mvefEii/H 'Avifrd (Dublin) wGif a':atmif hS G kf kd f qef;pk=unftm; 'Avifrd awmf vGwvyfa&;qk *k%f ycs;D jriconf? olrud,pm; om;i,fxevif; f hf hJ k f df (Kim Aris) rS qkvufc,conf? *k%f yrSwwrf;v$mtm; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu,wiwufa&muf H l hJ f kd f kd f vufrwa&;xd;k Edionftcsetxd apmifqi;f xm;rnfjzpfonf? awmiftmz&duorRwa[mif; rpPwm S f kf h df h kd ref'vm;tm;qkcs;D jricpOfuvnf; tvm;wl ud,wivufrwa&;xd;k Edionftxd rSwwrf;v$mwGif J hf hJ k f kd f S f kf f csevyxm;cJb;l onf? tqdygqukd tar&dueforRwa[mif;rsm;jzpf=uonfh rpPwm*|etufzuae'D/ f Sf h k k f f rpPwmbDvuvifwef/ 'kw,ajrmufywf &[ef;rif;}u;D *|eaygvEihf rmomx&Dqmwk@d tm; cs;D jric+hJ y;D jzpf f d k f fS hf onf? ouU&mZf 2000 ckEptwGuf tdi,mvefEiiH rd awmf 'AviftycsKyfa&;tzG@J ray;tyfonfh Sf kf kd f kf S rd awmf*%x;l aqmifqk a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiy;l wG&&Scol a&mhcaw;oH&ibEEitzG@J rS a':atmif k f S hf J d hJ f S f kd kd S hf qef;pk=unftm; *k%f ypyfqxm;onfh "Walk On" aw;oDcsi;f 2002 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (27) &ufae@u kd S D tar&duefEiiH *&rfraw;*Dwqkay;yGwif taumif;qH;k qk&&Sconf? kd f D J G d hJ 2000 jynfEp/f =o*kwv (24) &ufae@wif 'kw,OuU ol&OD;wifO;D / &efuewi;f pnf;H;k a&; hS f G d k f kd aumfrwD OuU ocifp;kd jrif/h &efuewi;f pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J 0if a'guwmrsK;d atmif/ tzG@J csKyfvi,f (16) OD; k f kd f l ,mOfarmif;ESpO;D tygt0if wd@k Eitwl &efuewzufurf; 'vrdrSwqifh &efuewi;f / uGr;f jcHue;f f S hf kf k f kd k rd ESihf aumhr; rd rsm;od@k pnf;H;k a&;udprsm;aqmif&u&ef &efuef rd / yef;qd;k wef;qdyurf;rSwqifh c&D;xGuf P G f k f &efppOfc&m/ yef;qd;k wef;qdyurf;wGif wem&Dccef@ tm%mydirsm;rSywq@kd xm;cJ+h yD;rS wzufurf;od@k D hJ f JG kf d f ul;cGi&cJonf? 'vrd od@k a&muf&onftcg uwifapmifqi;f aeonfh tzG@J csKyum;ESpp;D jzifh uGr;f jcue;f od@k hf h dS h d h kd f f H k
501
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f c&D;xGuvmpOf 'vrd rStxGuf (3) rdicef@ta&muf useppfom;&yfuuwif tm%mydirsm;rS a&Sc&D; f kf f G f G kf rqufEi&ef twif;t"rRywq@kd wm;jrpfxm;cJojzifh tqdygae&mwGiyif c&D;qufxuEionftxd kd f d f h k f G f kd f tajccsapmifqi;f aecJ&m (9) &ufajrmufae@jzpfonfh pufwifbmv (1) &ufae@ n (11 ; 15)tcsewif h kd h df G &Jwyfz@JG Eippfaxmufvr;f a&; tiftm; (300)ausmu a':atmifqef;pk=unfEitzG@J tm; 0ifa&muf S hf S f S hf pD;eif;+y;D twif;t=uyfzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifac:aqmif+y;D &efuef rd od@k jyefy@kd I 2000 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv k hS (1) &ufae@rS (14) &ufae@txd 'kw,t}urf aetdrtus,csKyjf zifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&onf? d d f f hJ 2000 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (21) &ufae@wif 'kw,OuU ol&OD;wifO;D ESitwl tzG@J 0ifrsm; hS G d hf vduygv#uf tzG@J csKyfvy&m;r_r&SEi&ef ydwyifwm;qD;r_rsm;/ tzG@J csKyf;kH rsm;ydwapjcif;/ qdi;f bkwrsm; k f _fS d kd f f f k f csapjcif;rsm;udk pHprf;avhvm&ef yxrc&D;pOftjzpf naerD;&xm;jzifh rE av;od@k om;a&muf&efppOfc&m k W G D hJ rD;&xm;vufrwueaeonf[k ta=umif;jyI vufrwa&mif;ray;bJ aemufwae@ eHeufapm 2000 S f kf S f jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (22) &ufae@wif &efuebwm}u;D rS t"rRaetdrjf yefy@kd +y;D / wwd,t}urf aetdrf hS G kf l d tus,csKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif; cHc&onf? f hJ 2001 ckEptwGuf *smreDEiitajcpduf Ediiwum Ediia&;ESi,Ofaus;r_rsm; vGwvyfpm Sf kd f H k kfH kfH hf f G d hJ k k d aygi;f pnf;a&;qdi&m qkay;a&;tzG@J }uD;. Collegue United Nations qk&&Sconf? tqdygq&&Sol kf rsm;teuf a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf yxrqH;k trsK;d orD;jzpfonf? 1999 ckEpwif ydvefEiiorRwESihf S f G k kd f H 2000 jynfEpwif [efa*&DEii0ef}u;D csKyfEihf EdiijH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D rpPwm[Ge;f wd@k &&Sc+hJ y;D / a': hSf G kd f H S kf d atmifqef;pk=unfonf wwd,ajrmufq&&Sol jzpfonf? k d 2002 ckEp/f arv (6) &ufae@wif aetdrtus,csKyfrS jyefvnfvwajrmufconf? S G f f G f hJ 2002 ckEp/f arv (25) &ufae@wif usi;f ycJonfh tar&duefEii/H e,l;a,mufrd &Sd bmhof S G h kd f aumvdy. (142) }urajrmuf bG@J Ei;f obiftcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; *k%x;l aqmif f df S f yg&*lb@JG cs;D jriconf? tvm;wl 0g&iwef'p&dS tar&duef,eAmpDw. 1996 ckEp/f aqmif;&moDb@JG Ei;f hf hJ Sf DD lD D S S obiftcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; *k%x;l aqmifyg&*lb@JG cs;D jricb;l onf? f hf hJ 2002 ckEp/f arv (23) &ufae@wif Advr; atmifO;D aqmifonfh 0g&ifEiia&;orm;}u;D rsm;u S G k f h kd f H aetdrtus,csKyfrS arv (6) &ufae@wif vGwajrmufvmonfh a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; 0g&ifEiiH f f G f h kd f a&;orm;}u;D ocifoe;f az.aetdrwif *k%f yyGusi;f yI yef;uH;k pGy*%f yum a':atmifqef;pk=unf d f G J fk a&Squfvuf+y;D aqmif&u&rnfh 'Drua&pDa&;wduytwGuf t*Fvye,fcsJ rsm;udk vGwvyfa&;twGuf G f kd k f JG df f wduc&mwGif AdvcsKyfatmifqef;udipcaom oH;k a&mifjc,fua'gi;f tvHEihf *syefzufqpfrsm;udk wduf k f hJ k f k f JG hJ S k cdu&mwGif udipconfh teDa&mifatmufcaxmifwif =u,fjzLtvHw@kd ukd trSww&tjzpf ay;tyfchJ k f k f JG hJ H h G f onf? tar&duefEii&dS z&D;'rf;zd&rftzG@J }u;D rS 2002 ckEptwGuf AI Neuharth Free Spirit (vGwf kd f H k Sf vyfaom pdw"mwfq) cs;D jrijhf cif;cH&onf? av[kep;D ysH uae[ef tawmifyEpcygywEihf tar&duef f k f G HSfk kf kS a':vmwoef;cs;D jrijhf cif;jzpfonf? jynfovx.ESv;kH om;wGif pGrufavmufatmif owWajymifajrmufpm l l k J d G v_y&m;aqmif&uorsm;tm; a&G;cs,ay;tyfonfqjk zpfonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; 'Drua&pD fS G f l f h kd toGiu;l ajymif;a&;ESihf vl@tcGita&;&&S&eftwGuf vGwvyfonfpw"mwfjzifh t=urf;rzufbJ u;d pm; f hf d f hd f v_y&m;aqmif&uonfukd *k%f yonftaejzifh qkcs;D jricjhJ cif;jzpfonf? fS G f h hf
502
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2002 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (20) &ufae@wif *&dEiiH atoifrd awmfrS atoifEiiwum S G kd f kd f H d hJ kd 'Drua&pDqk (Athens International Prize for Democracy) &&Sconf? qktjzpf 'Drua&pDzcif}u;D kd Pericles . ud,wydi;kywwckEihf Honorary Citizen of Athens [kpmwef;xd;xm;onfh a&$wqyf k f kf f k S k H d wckjzpfonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf tqdygq&&Sonfh yxrqH;k yk*Kd~ vfjzpfonf? k k d 2002 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (16) &ufae@wif jyifopfEii/H yJ&pfrd wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; S k G kd f d fS f_S hf kf ,leufpudk (UNESCO) tzG@J }u;D . onf;cHpw&nrEihf t=urf;rzufr_ jriwifa&;qdi&m (Madanjeet Singh) qk cs;jriconf? qkaiG a':vmwode;cs;jrijhf cif;jzpfonf? D hf hJ f D kfH 2002 ckEptwGuf pDtifetifef (CNN) Ediiwumowif;Xme. tm&Sa'o. ta&;t}u;D Sf f qH;k xdywef;owif; (10) yk'wif a':atmifqef;pk=unf aetdrtus,csKyfrS vGwajrmufvmonfh f f G f f f owif; azmfjyyg&conf? tjcm;owif;rsm;rSm tif'e;D &Sm;EdiiH bmvDu|e;f wGif AH;k cGcc&onfowif;/ dS hJ kd kf J H hJ h ta&SwDarmEdiiopf ay:xGe;f vmonfowif;/ ygupPwefEiiwif ppftycsKyfa&;rS t&yfom;tkycsKyf kfH h kd f H G kf f a&;od@k ajymif;vJonfowif;/ wkwjf ynfo@l orRwEdiiH acgi;f aqmiftajymif;tvJowif;/ ud&;D ,m; h kf k u|e;f qG,f wif;rmr_owif; ponfw@kd jzpfonf? +AdweEiirxwvionfh bDbprsuarSmufa&;&mtpDtpOfrS +AdweEiiaomw&Sirsm;. d f kd f H S k f $ hf DD f d f kd f H f qENray;onftpDtpOfwif *k%x;l aqmif+AweEiiom;tjzpf EdiiwumrSy*Kd~ vfx;l rsm;xJrS rnfo@l J h G f d d f kd f H kfH k tm;ay;rnfenf;[lonfh qENray;cef;wGif aomw&Sif (51) &mcdiEe;f u a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; J kf_ qENay;cJ=h uonf? tar&dueforRwa[mif; bDvuvifweftm; (18) &mcdiEe;f u qENay;cJonf? f kf_ h 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@wif ppfui;f wdi;f / a&$bcdi/f 'Dy,if;rteD;wGif etzvufyg; S G kd k kd k J d aprsm;. acsmif;ajrmif;wducurcc&&mrS toufraovGwajrmufc+hJ y;D a&OD;rd t0if*wta&mufwif k f kd f _ H hJ f d f G tm%mydirsm;rSzrf;qD;cJ+h y;D a&OD;&Jpcef;wGif ,m,Dxe;f odr;f xm;cJonf? a&OD;&Jpcef;{nfcef;rS aemuf kf d h h wae@ (31-5-2003) eHeuf (1) em&Dwif &Jarrsm;rS um;wpD;ay:od@k twif;t=uyfwifaqmifI ac: G aqmifvmcJ&m/ trSwf (6) wifum;wyf&if; {nf&yomwGiw}ur/f rif;bl;rd &Sd ppfwyf{nf&yomwGif h h hdf f d hdf w}urf &yfem;+y;D aemuf ZGev (2) &ufae@ eHeuf (8) em&D (20) rdepfwif tif;pdeaxmifo@kd yd@k aqmif d f G f xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? ZGev (24) &ufae@txd tif;pdeaxmiftwGi;f &Sd tdri,fwvH;k wGif xde;f odr;f hJ f f f xm;cJonf? ZGev (24) &ufae@wif tif;pdeaxmifrS &Jrewyfpcef;&Sd &Jacgi&yomod@k ajymif;a&$xm; h f G f Gf fdf cJ&mrS pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wif aq;Hwuf cGpwuo&efvtyfvmI &efuef rd tm&Sawmf0if h G k Jd f k kd k aq;Ho@kd a&muf&c+hJ yD;/ cGpwuor_c,t+yD; pufwifbmv (26) &ufae@ aq;Hrqif;cGihf yonftcg k dS Jd f k H l kS h aetdrjf yefy@kd I pwkwt}udraetdrf tus,csKyfjzifxe;f odr;f xm;cJ+h yD; 2004 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (27) f f h d S k &ufae@wif wzef 1975 ckEpwijf yXmef;I 1991 ckEpwif jyifqifxwjf yefconfh Ediiawmftm; G Sf G Sf G k hJ kfH aESmif,uzsuq;D vdorsm;. ab;tE &m,frumuG,apmifa&SmufonfOya' yk'r 10 (c) jzifh jypf h S f f k l W S f h h f '%f wESpw;kd I 27-11-2005 &ufae@wif aemufxyf jypf'%f (6) vxyfrw;kd cJonf? f G H h 2004 ckEp/f {+yv (27) &ufae@wif awmifu&;D ,m;EdiiH ar (18) atmufarhz,azmifa';&Si;f S D G kd kf G f rS a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; 2004 ckEptwGuf *Gr*sL;vl@tcGita&;qkcs;D jriconf? awmifu&;D Sf f hf hf hJ kd ,m;orRw c|e';l 0Srvufxuf 1980 jynfEp/f arv (18) &ufae@u qd;k vfrdawmf.awmifbuf f f h S *Gr*sL;rd wGif 'Drua&pDEiv@l tcGita&;twGuf awmif;qdqENjy=uonfh ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf jynforsm; f kd S hf hf k l
503
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tm; ppfwyfrypfcwfowfjzwfcojzifh tjypfrjhJ ynfol axmifEicsIaoqH;k cJ&onfh ta&;tcif;tm; S hJ S hf D h trSwfw&jzpfap&ef *Grf*sL; ar (18) azmifa';&Sif;udk zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;jzpf+yD;/ tqdkygazmifa';&Sif;rS a':atmifqef;pk=unfuo@kd yif ,cifu tqdygqukd ta&SwDarmorRw Zmemem*wfprmtd/k a[mif hJ k k f aumifv@l tcGita&;tzG@J rS zmpDzmem'dw@kd tm; cs;D jricb;l onf? hf k hf hJ a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; jyifopfEii. *k%x;l aqmifyg&D r@d oqk The Honorary Citizen kd f H f l D hf h S G d of Paris cs;jrionftcrf;tem; 2004 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@ eHeuf (10) em&Dwif yg&D rY wcrf;wem;usif;ycJhonf? tqdkygqktm; ZGefv (8) &ufae@wGif a&G;cs,fcJhjcif;jzpf+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@ a':atmifqef;pk=unf Edb,fv+f ir;f csr;f a&;qk&&Sconfh (14) ESpjf ynfEpwif k d d hJ hSf G qkay;yGusi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfonf? tcrf;tem;od@k a':atmifqef;pk=unfu,pm; 0ef}u;D csKya'guwmpde0if;rS J kd f f f f qkvufcH&,lcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. 'Drua&pDa&;ESiv@l tcGita&;wduy0ifaer_rsm;tm; av;pm;tod kd hf hf k f JG rSwfyonfhtaejzifh xdkif;EkdifiH/ &efppfwuUodkvf Rangsit University, Thailand rS *k%fxl;aqmif a'guwmbG@J Honorary Doctorate in Politics, Philosophy and Economics ay;tyfconf? f hJ Ekiia&;bmom/ zDavmfaqmfz'\ebmomESihf pD;yGm;a&;bmomwd@k wif *k%x;l aqmifb@JG dfH D G f &cJjh cif;jzpfonf? bG@J cs;D jriytm; 2004 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wif &efppfwuUovqEi;f hf JG S G kd f k S obifyEitwlyvkyconf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynftem*wfta&; +ir;f csr;f pGmwduy0if JG S hf f hJ d k f JG aer_twGuf ay;tyfcjhJ cif;jzpfa=umif; &efppfwuUov.xkwjf yefcsuwif azmfjyxm;onf? olr[m kd f f G w&m;r#wwJavmuurBmjzpf&eftwGuf 'Drua&pDEiv@l tcGita&; r&Srjzpfvtyfonfukd !$e;f qdaom h kd S hf hf d kd k oauFwwckjzpfonf[kvnf; tqdyg xdi;f wuUovt"dywdrS a':atmifqef;pk=unfxay;yk@d aom k k kd f H pmwGif azmfjyxm;onf? &efppfwuUovt"dywdjzpfol a'guwmtmopfrS a':atmifqef;pk=unfxH 'DZifbmv (13) kd f f &ufae@pe@J ay;yk@d onfta=umif;=um;pmwGif olrtm; *k%x;l aqmifqay;rnf[k azmfjyxm;aomfvnf; JG h f k olrud,wif vma&mufwufa&mufEirnfr[kwonfuvnf; uwifem;vnfxm;ygonf[k a&;om; k f kd dk f f kd d xm;onf? &efppfwuUov}f u;D onf befaumufrd teD; yoHXmeDt&yfwi&+dS y;D &efppfwuUovEihf vuf kd k Gf kd f S atmufcaumvdytoD;oD;wGif ausmif;om;aygi;f (14000) cef@ ESppOfwufa&mufavhvmoif=um; H f f vsu&onf? tqdygwuUov}f u;D rS Oya'bG@J / aq;ynmbG@J rsm;/ AdoumbG@J / tEkynmbG@J rsm;/ *Dwynm f dS k kd k bG@J rsm;/ uGejf yLwmodyb@JG / tdiwac:owif;enf;ynmbG@J / tif*sie,mbG@J Eihf {nfh udvyief;qdi&m H` kf D fD S kf kf pDrcef@crynmbG@J rsm;twGuf oif=um;ay;v#u&onf? H JG _ f dS a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ay;tyfcs;D jriwhJ *k%x;l aqmifa'guwmbG@J tm; ,cifu xdi;f hf f f k 0ef}u;D csKyfa[mif; c|evyiEihf xki0rfEii0ef}u;D csKyfa[mif; rpPwmAifqifw@kd tm; ay;tyfcb;l onf? f d kd f S d f dk f H h hJ 2005 ckEp/f rwfv (8) &ufae@wif usa&mufonfh urBmuvor*~ EdiiwumtrsK;d orD; S G h k kfH rsm;ae@txdr;f trSwtjzpf Ak'bmomtrsK;d orD;rsm;tzG@J rS a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if EdiiwumrS f < kfH trsK;d orD; (20) OD;tm; Ak'bmomxGe;f um;a&;u;d yrf;r_qk Outstanding Women in Buddhism, United < Nations Gender and Religious Department a&G;cs,cs;jriconf? f D hf hJ
504
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2005 ckEp/f rwfv (7) &ufae@wif tqdygqay;yGtcrf;tem;tm; xdi;f Edii&dS ukvor*~ S G k k J k kfH Hk;wGifusif;yyvkyfcJh+yD;/ xdkif;EdkifiHqdkif&m qGpPZmvefEdkifiHoHtrwf}uD; wufa&mufqkcsD;jrifhcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhtwl qkvufcH&&Sdolrsm;wGif jrefrma,m*DwOD;ESifh oD&dvuFmEdkifiHorRw cse'&Dumukrm&wGe*gw@kd yg0ifonf? tqdygqtm; ukvor*~todtrSwf y xl;c|exif&m;Ak'bmom f f k k f S < trsK;d orD;rsm;qkay;a&;aumfrwDrO;D pD;I urBmw0Sr;f Ak'bmomjyef@ym;a&;ud;yrf;ae=uol/ Ak'w&m; S < G < awmfEitnD trsm;tusK;d twGuf ud;yrf;aqmif&uaeol trsK;d orD;rsm;tm; a&G;cs,ay;tyfjcif; S hf G f f jzpfonf? xdi;f EdiiH ormqwfwuUov}f uD; Thammasat University, Thailand rS a':atmifqef; k kf kd pk=unftm; *k%x;l aqmifa'guwmbG@J Honorary Degree in Political Science xyfray;tyf&ef f f H qH;k jzwfc+hJ yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unf. touf (60) jynfh arG;ae@ytcrf;tem;ESitwl a'guwmbG@J JG hf f ay;tyfyJG usi;f yay;tyfconf? hJ
- UNISON Honorary Membership, UNISON, Britain's largest trade union, June 2005
2005 ckEp/f ZGev (16) &ufae@nydi;f wGif tdi,mvefEii. 'kw,rd awmf *d;k a0; Galway City, S f k kf kd f H d Ireland wGif vGwvyfaomvlom;qk Freedom of Galway City cs;jriytcrf;tem;usi;ycJonf? f D hf JG f h *d;k a0;rd awmf0efu,wiay;tyfonfh tqdygqtm; a':atmifqef;pk=unf.cifye;f onf rduu,fvf kd f kd f k k G k f tJ&pf.nDrS wufa&mufvufc,conf? H l hJ rd awmf0efrpPuufovif; udE&rS jrefrmEkiiwi'rua&pD&&S&ef a':atmifqef;pk=unfrS k kd D d f H G f D kd d t=urf;rzuf+ir;f csr;f onfenf;jzifh wduy0ifaeolwa,mufjzpfouJo@kd jrefrmEdiiwif rDwif;aexdif =uonfh d h k f JG h kfH G S k wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pktm;vHk;tm; av;pm;olwa,muf[k tm;vHk;rS,lqxm;olvnf;jzpfa=umif;/ xd@k tjyif (1991) ckEp/f +ir;f csr;f a&;Edbvq&iwOD;jzpfouJo@kd jrefrmjynforsm;omru urBmw0Sr;f uyg S d k J f kSf h l av;pm;,H=k unfr&&Sowa,mufjzpfonftwGuf ,ckuo@kd *d;k a0;r@awmf. tqiftjrifq;kH qkjzpfonfh _ d l h hJ h h *d;k a0;rawmf0ef. vGwvyfaomvlom;qkcs;D jri&jcif;jzpfonf [k&i;f jycJonf? f hf S h 2006 ckEp/f rwfv (1) &ufae@ naeydi;f u qG'ifEiiH pawmh[e;f rd wGif jrefrmh'rua&pDacgi;f S k D dk f k D kd aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unftwGuf tdavmhyef;qk Olof Palme Prize 2005 ay;yGusi;f ycJonf? tqdygqukd k J h k k tkavmhyef;refr&tzG@J u*k%f ycs;D jrijhf cif;jzpf+y;D vGecwEpf (20) cef@u vltcGita&;ESi'rkd ua&pDa&;twGuf d kd D f hJ hJ S hf hf D wufuGpmv_y&m;cJol qG'if0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;tdavmhyef;vky=f uHc&jcif;tm; atmufarhowd&ae&ef G fS h D k H tdavmhyef;.rdom;pkrsm;ESihf if;. qd&,'ru&ufwpfygww@kd y;l aygi;f I tkavmhyef; refr&zef; Olof Palme k k S f D kd D d kd D Memorial Fund tzGJ@tm;wnfaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tqdkygqktm; tdkavmhyef;.ZeD; t,fvpP bwfyef;ud,wics;D jricjhJ cif;jzpfonf? k f dk f hf 0ef}u;D csKya'guwmpde0if;rS tqdygqtm;vufc&,lconf? qG'if0ef}u;D csKya[mif; tdavmhyef; f f f k k H hJ D f k towfcH&+yD;wESpft=um 1987 ckESpfrSpI tdkavmhyef;qkay;tyfcJhjcif;jzpf+yD;/ 2005 ckESpftwGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;cs;D jriay;tyfcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? vl@tcGita&;/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ESihf hf hf k G f 'Drua&pDa&;twGuf +ir;f csr;f onfenf;jzifwuy0ifaeonfh a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; &nf&,f ay;tyfcjhJcif; kd d h h kd f JG G jzpf+y;D qktjzpf tar&duefa':vm (50000) cs;D jriconf? hf hJ
505
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (6) OD;vGif (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 368) (7) OD;vSaz (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 415) (8) OD;pdk;jrifh (ocifpdk;jrifh) (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 318) (9) OD;vGef;wif (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 268) (10) OD;!Gef@a0 (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 181) (11) EdkifxGef;odef; (rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 276) (12) ylusifh&Sif;xef (ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 125) (13) cGefxGef;OD; (&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 397) (14) OD;vSarmif (rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@) (uG,fvGef) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 116)
506
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (15) OD;pdk;0if; (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 184) (16) OD;odef;az (woD;yk*~v) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 137) (17) OD;ausmfrif; (trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 283) (18) OD;axmifcdkxef; (jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,a&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 144) (19) OD;&efusif;armf (&Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 377) (20) OD;apmjratmif jynfol@v$wfawmf OuU (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 287) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 27-5-97 &ufae@wGifusa&mufonfh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (7) ESpfajrmufESpfywfvnfae@ a=unmpmwrf;? a=unmcsuftrSwf (497) 1? 1988 ckEprpI jrefrmEdiiw0Sr;f vH;k &Sjd ynfovxonf/ rdrw@kd vufvwq;kH _;H cJ&onfh SfS kfH l l k d G f h 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; jyefvnf&&Sda&;twGuf ordkif;wGifruHpzl;tHkuGv#uf wcJeufawmif;qdk
507
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f cJ=h uayonf? Tonfrm jynfow&yfv;kH u if;wd@k .qENtppftrSeukd &J0pmxkwazmfjyocJjh cif;yifjzpf S l f hH G f ayonf? ,if;uJo@kd 'Drua&pDawmif;qdr}_ u;D wGif &[ef;/ &Siv/l jynfojl ynfom;/ ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om; h kd k f taygi;f wd@k onf rdrw@kd . touf/ aoG;/ ac|;rsm;pGmudk t&if;tES;D yI 'Drua&pDEiiawmfukd xlaxmif d kd kd f H a&;twGuf u;d yrf;cJ=h uayonf? 2? Tawmif;qdr}_ u;D udtqH;k owfEi&efEihf jynfow@kd .ppfreaomqENukd taumiftxnf k k kd f S l Sf azmfEi&ef Ediiawmftm%mud&,lcaom Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf jynfol kd f kfH k hJ kfH f wd@k . qENursuu,f yjcif;iSm rpGr;f ombJ Ediia&;ygwrsm; zG@J pnf;wnfaxmifvy&m;cGihf y&efEihf ygwp'rkd kd f G kfH D _fS S D kH D ua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu usi;f yay;&ef jynforsm;udk twdtvif;uwdy vduavsmcJ&ayonf? JG kd l k f h 3? TuJo@kd aomtajctaersK;d wGif jynfojl ynfom;rsm;. qENEihf &nfre;f csursm;jzpfaom h S S f 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;udk atmifjrifonftxd wufvr;f Edi&eftwGuf Ediiw0Sr;f vH;k &Sjd ynforsm;udk kd hf S kf kfH l ud,pm;yEdionfh Ediia&;tzG@J tpnf;}u;D w&yfonf rvGraoGvtyfv#u&aeayonf? k f kf kfH J kd f dS 4? Tordi;f vdtyfcsuukd jznfqnf;Edi&eftwGuf ppfa&;/ Ediia&;tpOftvm}u;D rm;I k k f h kf kfH tawG@tuH rsm;jym;cJ+h yD; jynfotrsm;av;pm;cJonfy*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;/ Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ l h h k kfH ,Ofaus;r_e,fy,ftoD;oD;wGif u|r;f usivrmr_ jynf0=uonfh todynm&Si/f twwfynm&Si}f u;D rsm;ESihf f dR h trsK;d om; acgi;f aqmif}u;D ESihf wyfrawmf. zcif}u;D AdvcsKyfatmifqef;.orD; 'Drua&pDawmif;qdr}_ u;D k f kd k wGif jynforsm;uwcJeufaxmufctm;ay;cJaom a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd y;l aygi;f v#uf trsK;d om; l H h 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfukd Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya't& 27-9-97 &ufae@wif w&m;0ifrwywif kd kfH D f kH G S f kH v#uf zG@J pnf;cJ+h y;D / ,ae@wif Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;w&yftjzpf w&m;0if&yfwnfvy&m;v#uf &Sygonf? kd k f H D _fS d 5? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf 30-5-89 &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwf kfH df G $ awmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya'trSwf (1489) udk xkwjf yefa=unmcJ+h y;D / jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; $ f kd f f udk a&G;aumufEi&eftwGuf vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd 27kd f f D kH D kd JG 5-90 &ufae@wif usi;f yay;cJ&m/trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf ,if;a&G;aumufywif tjcm;aom G h kd JG G Ediia&;ygwD (92) ygwEitwl yg0if,Of yita&G;cHjcif;jzifh jynfow@kd .qENu&,lcayonf? kfH D S hf S df l kd hJ 6? usi;f yay;cJaom jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,faygi;f (485) ae&mteufrS trsK;d om;'Drkd h $ f J ua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf rJqENe,f (447) wGif 0ifa&mufta&G;cHc&mwGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf ud,f hJ kd k pm;vS,rsm;onf rJqENe,f (392) ae&mwGif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpf a&G;aumuf f $ f kd f f wifajrmufjcif;cH&ayonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrSvnf; a&G; aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfa=umif; a=unmcJ+h y;D jzpfygonf? $ f kd f f rJqENe,f&mcdiEe;f tm;jzifh (82) &mcdiE;H_ cef@Eihf cdivaomrJta&twGut& (59 8) &mcdiE;H_ ausmjf zifh kf_ kf S k f kH f kf xl;uJpGma&G;cs,fjcif;cH&cJh&m/ ,if;tcsufudk=unfhjcif;tm;jzifh jynfoljynfom;rsm;. trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzG@J csKyftay: ,H=k unftm;ud;k r_/ axmufctm;ay;r_yrm% rnfr#}u;D rm;a=umif; xif&m;vSyg H S onf? 7? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D udusi;f y+y;D / jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f D kH D kd k $ f kd f rsm;udk jynfo@l qENEitnD a&G;cs,+f y;D onfaemufwif a&G;aumufyusi;f y&onf&nf,csuukd quf S hf h G JG h G f f vuftaumiftxnfazmf&efom&Sygawmhonf? jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' tcef; (2)/ yk'r d $ f JG f
508
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (3) wGiv$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnDa&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmf f f hf kd f f ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzifz@JG pnf;&rnf[k yg&ygonf? Tonfrm v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk a&G;aumuf k f f h dS S f kd f f wifajrmuf+y;D ygu ,if;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfuz@JG pnf;ay;&rnf[k Oya'jzifh f kd f f $ f kd twdtvif;jyXmef;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf? 8? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udka&G;aumuf+yD;aomfvnf; jynfol@v$wfawmf ay:ayguvmjcif;r&Sao;onftwGu/f jynfo@l vwawmfw&yfjzpfxe;f ay:ayguvma&;rSm trsK;d om;'Drkd f d h $ f G f ua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd tay:wGif wm0ef $ f kd f f kd usa&mufvmayonf? xduo@kd wm0efusa&mufvmonftwGuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dO;D pD; k hJ h kd k tzG@J Eihf tzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf *ENcrf;rY 2829-7-90 &ufae@w@kd wif S $ f kd f f D G yxrt}urf y%mrndEi;f tpnf;ta0;}u;D usi;f y+y;D jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;a&;ESiywfoufonfh d d_ $ f hf if;wd@k oabmxm;udk *ENcrf;ra=unmpmwrf;tjzpf xkwjf yefv#uf jynforsm;udtoday; a=unm D l k cJygonf? h 9? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J uvnf; 27-7-90 &ufae@wif a=unmcsuf kfH df G trSwf (190) udxwjf yefum/ w&m;0if&yfwnfv#u&aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm;vH;k udk k k f dS kfH D ,if;a=unmcsutwdi;f vduemaqmifurnfjzpfa=umif; vufrwa&;xd;k apcJygonf? ,if;a=unm f k k f G f S f h csuf (190) tyd'f (12) wGif ,if;jyXmef;csuEitnD v$wawmfz@JG pnf;jcif;udk Ediiawmf+ir0yfyd k f S hf f kfH df jym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u aqmifuay;rnf[k azmfjyyg&ygonf? G f dS 10? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ,if;wd@k Oya'tjzpfxwjf yefcaom kfH f k hJ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' tcef; (2)/ yk'fr (3) t&vnf;aumif;/ a=unmcsuf trSwf (190) tyd'(12)t&vnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynf@Epwiusi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G; kf Sf Gf h D kH D kd aumufy.&vm'frsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfEi&eftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifz@JG JG kd f $ f kd f f h pnf;onfh jynfo@l vwawmfw&yf ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&efwm0ef&aeayonf? od@k aomf jynfo@l vwawmf $ f dS $ f Oya'w&yfr&Sao;onftwGuf v$wawmfac:,ljcif;ryEdiao;a=umif; ta=umif;jycsurm cdivjkH cif; d h f kf fS kf r&Syg? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J taeESihf Oya'trsK;d rsK;d xkwjf yefv#u&&m jynfo@l d kfH f f dS v$wawmfOya'w&yfuvnf; vdtyfcsut& xkwjf yefay;Ediygonf? f kd k f kf 11? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;ay; kfH f $ f &rnftpm; Ediiawmfz@JG pnf;yHtajccHOya'a&;qGEia&;twGuf tajccHrrsm;csrwEi&ef[qum trsK;d h kfH k J kd f l S f kd f k kd om;nDvmcHuom 1993 ckEpwiac:,lusi;f ycJayonf? trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&;ESihf zG@J pnf;tkyf kd Sf Gf h csKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;[laom vkyfief;}uD;rsm;rSm jynfolwdk@. oabmxm;tppftrSefrsm;udk azmfxkwfndE_dif;wdkifyifaqmif&Guf&onfh vkyfief;}uD;jzpfonfESifhtnD jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;onfh jynfo@l vwawmfrom OD;pD;OD;aqmifwm0ef,aqmifu&onfh vkyief;jzpfonf[k $ f S l G f f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu ,H=k unfc,ayonf? kd H l 12? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyonf wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfpnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udk a&S_um kd f G f jzLpifaompdw&if;jzifh trsK;d om;nDvmcHuwufa&mufcI (3) ESpwiatmif jynfow@kd .qENEitnD f kd hJ f kd f l S hf ppfreaom 'Drua&pDEiiawmfay:aygua&;twGuf Ediiawmfz@JG pnf;yHtajccHOya'wGif yg0ifoifaom Sf kd kd f H f kfH k h
509
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tajccHrrsm;udk tpOfwpduf av;av;pm;pm;wifjyaqG;aEG;cJygonf? tzG@J csKyf.wifjyaqG;aEG;csursm; l k h f tay: trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. aqmif&ucsursm;ESihf nDvmcH. qH;k jzwfcsucsrwjf cif; f G f f f S rsm;onf vufawG@tm;jzifh nDvmcHusi;f ya&;ndEi;f aqG;aEG;yGrS jyXmef;xm;aomtcsursm;ESivnf; d_ J f hf aumif;/ vkyx;kH vkyenf;rsm;ESivnf;aumif; udunjD cif;r&Sygojzifh (u) wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnf f f hf k f d oifjh rwfa&;/ (c) ppfreaom ygwp'rua&pDEiiawmfay: aygua&;/ (*) trsm;jynfow@kd vufc,=kH unf Sf D kH D kd kd f H f l H aom zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'ay:xGe;f a&;wd@k twGuf aqG;aEG;vdyga=umif;ESihf ,if;aqG;aEG;yGw&yf atmifjrif k k J pGmjzpfajrmufonftxd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. nDvmcHu,pm;vS,rsm;taejzifh trsK;d om; kd kd f f nDvmcHo@kd qufvufwufa&mufjcif; ryao;bJ/ apmifhqdkif;aernfjzpfyga=umif;udk trsKd;om; nDvmcH usi;f ya&;vkyief;aumfrwD OuUxHo@kd ta=umif;=um;cJ+h y;D nDvmcHo@kd wufa&mufjcif;rybJ/ f ,ae@xufwiapmifqi;f aecJygonf? kd f h kd h 13? ,ae@txd w&m;0if&yfwnfv#u&aom Ediia&;ygwD (10) ckteuf trsK;d om;'Drkd f dS kfH ua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf a&G;aumufy&vm'ft& jynfotrsm;. axmufctm;ay;r_ukd t&&Sq;kH aom JG l H d tzG@J jzpfygonf? a&G;aumufytuumvrSpI ,ae@xufwif trsK;d rsK;d aomwm;qD;r_/ csKyfcs,r/_ zdEyr_ JG d kd f dS f wd@k ukd trsm;qH;k cHpm;&onfh tzG@J tpnf;vnf;jzpfygonf? a&G;aumufytuumvwGiyif trsK;d om; JG d f 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf acgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tm; 20-7-89 &uf kd ae@wif yk'r 10 (c) jzifh wm;qD;cJ+h y;D OD;wifO;D tm; aemifwif jypf'%fcsrwcygonf? a&G;aumufy+JG y;D G f G S f hJ onfaemuf tzG@J csKyfxywef;acgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfonfh A[ef;r@d e,frqENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l h df J v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;=unfarmiftm; (6-9-90) &ufae@wif zrf;qD;I jypf'%fcsrwcygonf? f kd f G S f hJ tvm;wlyif tzGJ@csKyfA[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0ifrsm;onfvnf;aumif;/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0ifrsm;onf vnf;aumif;/ tzG@J csKyfjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onfvnf;aumif; zrf;qD;jcif;/ jypf'%fcsrwf $ f kd f f S jcif;cH=u&ygonf? jynfe,fwdkif;/ rd@e,f/ &yfaus;rsm;&Sd tzGJ@csKyfkH;rsm;tm; 0ifa&muf&SmazGjcif;/ pm&Gupmwrf;rsm; odr;f qnf;jcif;/ jynfe,fwdi;f / r@d e,f/ &yfaus; wm0ef&tzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; zrf;qD;jcif;/ f k dS jypf'%fcsrwjf cif;/ tzG@J csKyfqi;f bkwrsm;udk zwfcsapjcif;/ tpnf;ta0;usi;f yjcif;rsm;udk ydwyifwm;qD; S kd f f jcif; ponfzEyrrsm;udk tpOfwpducc&ygonf? h d dS f _ k f H hJ 14? w&m;0ifEiia&;ygwwck. yHreaqmifurvyief;rsm;udk raqmif&uEiap&ef [ef@ kd f H D kSf G f_ kf G f kd f wm;r_rsm;udk uawG@&ygonf? ,if;uJo@kd aomtajctaersK;d wGif xyfqifI EdiiawmftwGuf t&Su& H h h kfH f zG,&mjzpfonfh vl&rf;um;wpku tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifO;D / OD;=unfarmifEihf a': f S atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd . touftE &m,fukd xdyg;apEdionfwucurrsm;udk (9-11-96) ae@u W k f h kd f kd f _ vHk cHa&;wm0ef&orsm;.rsuarSmufwif jzpfym;cJ&m ,ae@wiv&rf;um;rsm;udk azmfxwEijf cif;r&Sd dS l f G G h kd f l k f kd ao;yg? jrefrmEdiiw0Sr;f vH;k wGif ,ae@tajctaet& tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;onf Ediia&;v_y&m;r_rsm; kfH kfH fS omruawmhb/J rdrw@kd . pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;udprsm;wGif [ef@wm;ydwq@kd aESmif,ujf cif;rsm;udk uawG@ d _ P f h S H ae&ygonf? TuJo@kd jzpf&yfrsm;onf EdiiawmfEiEiiom;rsm;tusK;d wGuaomfvnf;aumif;/ ppfref h kfH S hf kd f H f S aom ygwp'rua&pDjzpfxe;f ay:ayguEia&;twGuvnf;aumif; rvdvm;tyfaom jzpf&yfrsm; jzpfyg D kH D kd G f kd f f k onf? Ediiwi;f &Sjd y\emrsm;udk ajz&Si;f ay;Edionfenf;vrf;rsm;r[kwyg? kfH G kf h f 15? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D udk Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; D kH D kd kfH df
510
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tzG@J u usi;f yay;cJonfrm ,ae@qv#if (7) ESpwif;wif; jynfajrmuf+yjD zpfygonf? ,if;a&G;aumufy. h S kd f h JG &vm'fjzpfaom jynfo@l vwawmfay:aygua&;udvnf; jynfotrsm;u tmomjyif;pGm/ ar#mvifh $ f f k l f awmifwv#u&ae=urnfjzpfygonf? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf jynfo@l vwf h f dS kfH f $ awmfOya'jyXmef;csursm;t&vnf;aumif;/ a=unmcsuf (190) t&vnf;aumif;/ ajzmifrwfwnf f h =unfpmjzifh jynfotrsm;.qENujkd znfqnf;ay;aomtm;jzifh 1990 jynfEp/f a&G;aumufyrsm;wGif G l h hS JG a&G;cs,cc&aom trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (392) OD;ESihf tjcm; f H hJ kd $ f kd f a&G;cs,cc&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (87) OD;/ aygi;f (479) OD;wd@k jzifh jynfo@l vwawmftm; f H hJ $ f kd f $ f tjrefq;kH ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;yg&ef txl;tav;teufxm; wduwe;f tyfygonf? k f G 16? jrefrmEdiiwijf zpfay:aeaom Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;jy\emrsm;udk oufqi&mtm%mydif kfH G kfH kd f k tzG@J tpnf;tqifqifw@kd rS trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;tay:wGif [ef@wm;zdEyjf cif;jzifh ajz h h kd dS &Si;f Edirnfr[kwyg? taxGaxGo[ZmwjzpfI wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfrom acwfrw;kd wufaom kf f S SD 'Drua&pDEiiawmfopfqukd tcsewtwGi;f jynforsm;.yl;aygi;f yg0ifrj_ zifh wnfaqmufEirnfjzpf kd kd f H D d f kd l kd f ygonf? wOD;ESiwOD;/ wzufEiwzuf tmCmwuif;pifpmjzifh jynfojl ynfom;wd@k . tusK;d pD;yGm;wck hf S hf G wnf;udom a&S_=uv#uf pdwaumif;apwemaumif;jzifh awG@qaqG;aEG;nEi;f tajz&Smjcif;onfom k f kH d d_ v#if EdiiawmfEihf Ediiom;wd@k .tusK;d pD;yGm;udk azmfaqmifEirnfh wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;jzpfonf kfH S kfH kd f [k trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ,H=k unfygonf? kd 17? xd@k a=umifh wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;ESihf ppfreaom 'Drua&pDEiiawmfopf S f kd kd f H tjrefq;kH ay:ayguEia&;twGuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ,H=k unfygonf? f kd f kd (u) yGivif; d;k om;r_Eihf tjyeftvSeav;pm; vduema&;rl/ hf S f k f (c) wrsKd;om;vHk;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;rl/ (*) tmCmwuif;pifaom taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfr_udkaS@_aom rlwdk@udk udkifpGJv#uf/ awG@qaqG;aEG; ndEi;f tajz&SmEdi&ef/ t+rJwapvufurf;udaernfjzpfa=umif;udk T (7) kH d_ _f ESpajrmuf a&G;aumufyEpywfvnfae@wif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS a=unmtyfyg f JG S f G kd onf? A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefrd? 1359 ckESpf/ uqkefvqkwf (6) &uf? 1997 ckESpf/ arv (27) &uf?
511
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2002 ckESpf/ arv (27) &ufae@wGifusif;yyvkyfaom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (12) ajrmuf ESpfywfvnfae@tcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfajym=um;onfhrdef@cGef;? usrwd@k ,ae@ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf0ifawGtm;vH;k udk awG@&onftwGuf trsm;}u;D yJ kd h 0rf;omygw,f/ uqygw,f? 'D{nfonfawmf}u;D rsm;udvnf; usrwk@d uqygw,f? 'gayrJh rSereajym& d dk h k d dk fSf vd@k &&ifawmh usrwd@k tm;vH;k xJrm aus;Zl;wif&wmuawmh usrwd@k &J tzJ@G csKyf0ifawGyJ jzpfygw,f// usr dS S wd@k tzJ@G csKyf0ifawG&J =uH =uH cdiwpw"mwfa=umifr@kd v@kd usrwd@k 'Dtcserm 'Dae&mrSma&mufaewmyg? k f hJ d f h dfS a&G;aumufyusi;f y+yD;cJwmqdv@kd &&if (12) ESp&om;yg+yD? (12) ESpqwm enf;wJumvr[kwygb;l // JG h k dS f dS G f kd h f a&G;aumufyrusi;f yrDumvuqd&if vlawGtrsm;}u;D uae+y;D / wufwufuG uEihf a&G;aumufyawG+y;D wJh JG k GS JG tcgusv@kd &&if usrwd@k trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu atmify&tcg=uvd@k &&if 'Drua&pD&jyD;awmh dS kd JG dS kd usrwdk@EdkifiH}uD;[m csrf;csrf;omomjzpfoGm;rSmyJvdk@ar#mfvifhchJ=uw,f// usrwdk@trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzJ@G csKyf[m a&G;aumufyrmEdir,fv@kd qwmvnf; jynfovx&J taetxm;/ wdi;f jynf&J taetxm; GJ S k f kd l l k k udowvawGu tm;vH;k tJ'tcseuwnf;uae+y;D awmh odae=uygw,f// k d hJ l D df usrwd@k a&G;aumufyuEi+f yD;wJtcgrm ar#mre;f cJovdk 'Drua&pDtpd;k &vnf;jzpfrvmbl;// JG kd kd h S f S h kd usrwd@k wi;f jynf[mvnf; usrwd@k ar#mre;f cJovdk wd;k wufrawGjzpfrvmbl;/ 'Dawmh quf+y;D awmh usrwd@k kd fS h _ taeESihf ke;f uefc&ygw,f// 'Dvdk quf+y;D awmhe;f uefcEiwowWawGudk usrtrsm;}u;D yJcs;D r$r;f ygw,f? hJ k hJ kd f hJ d txl;ojzifh ke;f uefwae&mrSm rnnf;rnLyJEihf ke;f uefcwowWawGukd usrwd@k cs;D r$r;f ygw,f// wu,f hJ S hJ hJ d apwemrSeree@J vkyw,fqv@kd &&if nnf;nLp&mvnf;bmrSrvdygb;l // uk,uae+y;D awmh/ cH}u;D yJq+kd y;D fSf f kd dS k d f awmh/ pdwxrmcHpm;p&mawG bmrSr&Sygb;l // usrwd@k &J tzJ@G csKyf0ifawGe@J tjcm;'Drua&pDvvm;wJh f J S d kd kd todi;f 0di;f awGqv@kd &&if wu,fyJ apwemrSeree@J vycwoawGu rdrw@kd u,rrd ody+f y;D awmhvyc& k k kd dS f S f k f hJ hJ l d kd f d k f hJ wmyJ/ yifyef;wmyJq+kd y;D awmh nnf;nLcsiwpwawG vH;k vH;k r&Sb;l qdwm usrwd@k jrifawG@&ygw,f// tJ'g f hJ d f d k twGuvnf; trsm;}uD;yJ*%,ygw,f// wESpe@J wESpf umvawGajymif;vmcJovdk tajctaeawG f k f l f h uvnf; ajymif;vmcJygw,f// tifrwefrcufcwhJ tcsetcgawGuvnf; ausmjf zwfc&w,f// tifrwefrS h S J df kd hJ wcsK@d twGuf pdwysup&maumif;wJh tajctaeawGvnf; ausmjf zwfc&w,f// od@k ayr,fhusrwd@k trmcH f f hJ awGxu pdwysuw,fv@kd vnf;r&Sb;l // tcuftcJawGa=umifr@kd v@kd wGe@f om;w,fv@kd vnf;r&Sb;l qdwm J f f d h G d k usrwd@k jrif&ygw,f? wcsK@d usawmhvnf; '%frcHEiv@kd ab;rSmjywfususe&pfcwhJ usrwd@k vyazmfuif kd f f hJ kf kd zufawGvnf; &Sygw,f? usr tjryajymwJtwdi;f yJ vkyEioavmufvyay;wJtwGuf usrwd@k aus;Zl; d JJ h k f kd f kf h wifygw,f? quf+y;D awmh vkyray;Ediwmawmh usrwd@k 0rf;enf;wmuvGv@kd bmrSrajymEdib;l ayg/h / 'D f kf J kf tckxd wpdurwfrwfvycwhJ usrwd@k &J tzJ@G 0ifawGuawmh tvkywckudk pvky+f yqv@kd &&if qk;H cef;wdif k f k f hJ dk f D kd dS k atmifvyEiz@kd vygw,f// k f kd f dk tJ'awmh qk;H cef;wkiatmifvyEiwhJ ZJ/G 0d&,awGarG;zd@k awmh usraqmf=ocsiygw,f? tck D df k f dk f d f 'Dtajctaea&mufaewJtcgrm tifrwefrv,om;+yDvm;vd@k / wcsK@d u xifaumif;xifygvrr,f? h S S G f G d hf tckvnf; rvG,ao;ygb;l ? quf+y;D awmhvy&tk;H rSmbJ? tcuftcJtusytwnf;awGu trsm;}u;D f kf f
512
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &S&tk;H rSmbJ/ wu,fpOf;pm;=unfr,fqv@kd &&if usrwd@k vkd Ediia&;v_y&m;r_[m tcuft cJ a wG yaysmuf d h kd dS kfH fS oGm;w,fqkdwm r&SdoavmufygyJ// tcuftcJawG yaysmufoGm;w,fqdkwJhtcgqdkvkd@&Sd&if usrwdk@ &Jv_y&m;r_w@kd vnf; vdtyfrmr[kwygb;l // usrwd@k quf+y;D awmh v_y&m;zd@k qwmvnf; rvkawmhygb;l ? fS k S f fS kd d 'ga=umifh wenf;tm;jzifajym&&if usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf[m uk,&J tvkywius,z@kd twGuf ud,vyf h d hf f Gf f k f k aew,fv@kd vnf; ajymEdiygw,f// usrwd@k 'Drua&pD&&Som;+yqv@kd &&if trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf&J kf dk d G D kd dS dk t"du&nf&,csujf ynf0oGm;+yqv@kd &&if usrwk@d quf+y;D awmh vkyaezd@k &mta=umif;uawmh ody+f y;D awmh G f h D kd dS f r&Sdawmhygbl;// 'Dvdkajymjcif;tm;jzifh 'Drdkua&pD&vmvdk@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyfudk zsufodrf; vdu&rSmvm;qdwm r[kwygb;l ? usrwd@k &J t"du&nf&,csujf ynf0oGm;wJtcgusv@kd &&if 'Dusrwd@k k f k f G f h h dS trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyftjyif wjcm;Ediia&;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;[mvnf; 'Drua&pDtwGuf 0di;f 0ef; kd kfH kd k +y;D awmhvy&m;EdiwtcGita&;awG &&Sygvrr,f? tckq&if trsm;odwtwdi;f yJ usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyfu _ f S k f hJ hf d d hf kd hJ k 'Dtwdi;f twmwcktxd tcGita&;awG&aeygw,f// tcGita&;qdwm vkyyicitcGita&; ajym k hf hf k f kd f G hf hf wmaemf? txl;tcGita&;ajymaewmr[kwygb;l ? usrwd@k &J vkyyicihf tcGita&;awGukd usrwd@k hf k f f dk f G hf aoaocsmcsmok;H zd@k vdygw,f? 'Dvaoaocsmcsmok;H rS usrwd@k vcsiwyef;wkia&mufrmyg// k kd kd f hJ df S usrwd@k vcsiwyef;wdiqwm[m 'Drua&pDy? tpuwnf;u usrwdk 'DtzJ@G csKyfukd xlaxmif kd f hJ k f kd kd J cJwm[m tpuwnf;u&S+d yD;om; Ediia&;ygwwcktaeESihf 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_xrm yg0if+yD;awmh h kfH D kd _ f S J S ,SOf yicwtzJ@G r[kwygb;l // 'Drua&pD&zd@k twGuf oufoufz@GJ xm;wJtzJ@G jzpfygw,f? 'Dtwdi;f yJ usrwk@d d f hJ hJ f kd h k pdwxrmxm;&ygvrr,f? tck (12) ESptwGi;f rSmqdv@kd &&if tawG@tutrsK;d rsK;d eJ@ usrwd@k &ifqic&yg f JS d hf f k dS H kd f hJ w,f? wcsK@d awGqv@kd &&ifvnf; Ediia&;t&&ifusuvmwmawGvnf; &Sw,f// wcsK@d usawmhvnf; kd dS kfH h f d Ediia&;t& 'Davmuf=um=umvkycoavmuf &ifusuoifoavmufr&ifusucwmawGvnf; &Syg kfH f hJ h f h h f hJ d w,f? 'Dawmh tm;vk;H ud0i;f +y;D awmh u;d pm;apcsiygw,f// usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf0ifawG[m Ediia&;&ifusur_ k kd f kfH h f r&Sb;l qkv@kd &&if jynfovxukd &ifusur&atmifv@dk usrwd@k b,fvvyjf yEdiygovJ// Ekiia&;ygwD d d dS l l k h f _ dS kd k k f dfH wckz@GJ xm;+yD; Ekiia&;ygwx0ifxm;+yDqv@kd &&ifawmh Ediia&;ygwxrmrygbJ jynfovxbufawmh dfH D J kd dS kfH D JS l l k yg+y;D awmh Ediia&;&ifusur&&r,f// r&Sb;l qkv@kd &&if ud,u,ukd Ediia&;ygw0ifwa,mufv@kd ac:&rS kfH h f _ dS d d dS k hf kd f k f H D awmh 'g[mvdyjf ymroef@p&mta=umif; jzpfom;ygvrr,f? usrwk@d tck jynfovx=k um;xJrm pnf;k;H G d hf l l S zd@k vdw,f? wpdurwfrwf tzG@J csKy[m tpuwnf;u jynfovx=k um;xJrm pnf;k;H zd@k q+kd y;D awmhusrwd@k k k f f l l S vkycwmyJ? jynfovxEiuif;uGmaerSawmh usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf&hJ wnfaxmifjcif;&Jt"dym,f[mvnf; f hJ l l k S hf ` ysup;D oGm;rSmyJ? 'Dawmh usrwd@k [m vkyEioavmuf usrwd@k &J &ydicit& jynfovx=k um;xJrm f f kd f k f G hf l l S pnf;k;H v_y&m;&r,f// fS tckqv@kd &&if jynfovx[m bmvdcsivv@kd ar;vduwtcg=uvd@k &&if usw@kd =um;&wm kd dS l l k k f J k f hJ dS bmawG =um;&vJqawmh rD;rSerevcsiw,f? a&rSerevcsiw,f? ukeaps;E_e;f awG usom;wmawG kd f S f kd f f S f kd f f G vkcsiw,f? olw@kfd &J uav;awG ynma&;tqifajyapcsiw,f? 'Dvajz=uw,f? 'Dvajymwmvnf; d f f kd kd jynfovxbufu tJ'gajymwmvnf; rSeygw,f// vlxtaeESihf at;at;aq;aq; vHvkH cH caecsif l l k f k k H w,f? ntcg arSmifwJhtcg=uvdk@&Sd&if rD;awGvif;EdkifwJhtcGifhta&;awG vdkcsifw,f? reufusawmh aps;oGm;wJtcgusv@kd &&if ud,&J rdom;pk pm;EdiaomufEiatmifv@kd aeEdiwtajctaeav;rSm &Saecsif h dS k hf kf kd f k f hJ d w,f? om;orD;awGukd ynmoifay;wJtcgusv@kd &&if aemif'om;orD;awG[m rdrw@kd twGuf rdrw@kd h dS D d d
513
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ajcaxmufay:&yfwnfEiwhJ tajctaejzpfEiavmufatmif ynm&apcsiw,f// 'g[m jynfovxk kd f kd f f l l taeESitrSm;ygb;l ? hf 'gayrJh 'gawG&atmifvyz@kd qwm ud,uae+y;D awmh/ xdi+f y;D awmh/ olrsm;vkyay;wm apmifh k f kd k f k f aevd@k r&bl;qdwm em;vnfz@kd vygw,f/ tJ'vem;vnfatmifvy&wJh tvkywck[m tifrwefrS cufcJ k kd D kd kf f w,fqwm usrwd@k awG@&ygw,f//vlxawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m a&G;aumufyae@rm rJxnfvuv@kd &&if kd k JG S h kd f dS wm0efausyeom;+yv@kd 'DvyJxif=uw,f// rJxnfvu+f y/D tJ'awmh rJxnfvuuwnf;u EdiwygwD Gf G D kd h kd D h kd f k f hJ vkyz@kd yJxif+yD;awmh tJ'vjkd rif=uw,f// tckxvnf; 'Dtwdi;f ajymwmufkd &Hzef&cg=um;&w,f// a&G; f D d k H aumufywe;f u rJxnfvu+f y;D +y? tcktrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyfuvkyay;vd@k qdwyprsK;d eJ@ tJ'vkd JG k h kd D kd f k hJ kH H D ajymaewmawG tckxufxawmif usrwd@k =um;&ygw,f// 'Dawmh jynfovxuajym&rSmu rJwcg d l l k kd xnfe@J r+yD;ao;bl;? usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyfawG}uD;yJ tm;ud;k aevd@k r+yD;ao;bl;// ud,wwfEioavmuf h kH k f kd f yg0if&r,fqwm xyfcgwvJvajymae&wJh udpjP zpfygw,f? 'g[m a&G;aumufyumvuwifr[kwb;l ? kd J JG f a&G;aumufyrwdirSD 1988 ckEp/f 'Drua&pDvy&m;puwnf;u 'DvyJ usrwd@k ajymae=uwmyg// Ediia&; JG k f S kd _fS kd kfH [m tm;vH;k eJ@qiw,f// tm;vH;k uyg0if+yD;awmhvy&m;rS ud,vcsiwyef;wdiukd a&mufEiw,fqkd kd f _fS k f kd f hJ kf kd f +y;D awmh ajymae=uygw,f// r=umcifumvqdv@kd &&if usrwd@k vyaz:udizufawGu pajymvmw,f// ta&SwDarmrSmawmh k dS kf kf vGwvyfa&;&oGm;+y? olw@kd u t&ife;D oGm;+yaygav// tJ'[mudk enf;enf;tm;usvuyg? tm;i,fvuf f D D h D kd f kd wm? olw@kd uawmh t&if&oGm;+yDv@kd ajymw,f// tJ'vajymwJtcgusawmh wu,fpOf;pm;=unfr,f D kd h h qdv@kd &&if ta&SwDarmujynfovxu trsm;}uD;cH&ygw,f// awmfawmhukd aoG;xGuo,c+H yD;rS k dS l l k f H dk 'Dtajctaeudk a&mufvmwmyg// wdwajym&r,fq&if avmu}u;D rSm bmrStvum;r&bl;? ud,pr;f k dk kd k fG aqmifoavmufu,&wmbJ? ud,f u;d yrf;oavmuf/ tepfemcHoavmuf ud,&wmyJ? tJ'awmh kd f k k f D u;d yrf;Edi&r,f? tepfemcH&r,f// aemuf+y;D awmh 'Dtcsermu;d yrf;w,f? tepfemcHw,fqwm aemifukd kf dfS kd tusK;d cHpm;zd@k twGuf r[kwb;l // 'gvnf;ESv;kH oGi;f xm;apcsiw,f// usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf0ifawGtaeESihf f f =uKH wke;f qHwe;f awmh usrajym&rSmyJ? usrwd@k tzG@J csKyf0if[m 'guawmh vlom;yDyr@kd vm;awmhrodb;l ? k k D tcGita&;av;awG&vd@k &&if ,lcsiwpwuav;awG&w,f// tJ'pwuav;awGuawmhxe;f =uyg? hf dS f hJ d f dS D d f kd d ud,tajctaeav;u enf;enf;aumif;vm+yqv@kd &&if zdeif;+y;D awmh/ 'Dtajctaetay: zdeif;+y;D awmh k hf D kd dS ausmcsiwypav;awG usrwd@k awG@&w,f// tJ'grsK;d awGrvkyyge@J v@dk usrowday;yg&ap// tckvcuf f f hJ kH H f kd cufccEihf ke;f uefaewJtcsermawmifrS ki;f ki;f ajym&&if vlyg;0csiw,faygaemf? usrwd@k 'Drua&pD&wJh JJS h dfS d dk f h kd tcgusv@dk &&if b,fvvyaervJ 'Dvpw"mwfawG rxm;=uygEi? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf0if dS dk k f kd d f S hf kd awGukd jynfovxuae+y;D awmh =unfr&bJ tjrifuyf&wJtajctaersK;d jzpfom;avmufatmifawmh l l k h h G b,fawmhrS rvky=f uygEi? tu,fI tajctaeawGaumif;oGm;+yqv@kd &&if usrwd@k vawGu aemuf S hf D kd dS l qkway;zd@k vdygw,f? tajctaeaumif;oGm;wJtcgrm aemufqway;wJvrsm;omv#if wu,fudk f k h S k f h l h apwemrSewmyg// f tcuftcJ&wtcgrm a&Swef;uae+yD;awmhcEi&r,f// cHpm;=uwJtcse=f uvd@k &&if aemuf dS hJ S H kd f h d dS qkw&r,f// aemufwef;uae+y;D awmh/ uk,uu,f pdwEpf curEihf aeEdir,f// tJ'vaeEdiromv#if f d fh dk dk fS d f_S kf D kd k f S usrwd@k tzJ@G csKy&J odumukd usrwd@k xe;f odr;f Edirmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh usrwd@k tzJ@G csKy&J odumukd xde;f odr;f f Q d kfS f Q
514
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f zd@k qwm[m tzJ@G csKyf0iftm;vk;H &Jwm0efjzpfw,f// usrwd@k 1990 ckEpwe;f uusi;f ycJwhJ a&G;aumufyGJ dk Sf k h &vm'ft& jynfovx&J qENawGukd xkwazmfEiz@kd qwm[m usrwk@d trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf0if l l k f kd f kd kd awG&J wm0efjzpfw,f/ 1990 ckEpwe;f u jynfovxu ,k,=Hk unf=unfEihf usrwd@k &J tzJ@G csKyukd rJay;cJh Sf k l l k H S f w,f// 'Dvkd ,k,=Hk unf=unfEiray;cJwmudk usrwd@k [m t+rwrf; jynfovx[m wd@k u,=Hk unfwhJ H S hf J h J l l k kd jynfovxjk zpfw,f// olw@kd ,=Hk unfcsuawG ysujf ym;roGm;atmifv@kd ae&r,fq+dk y;D awmh/ oHEmefcs+y;D l l f dM awmh/ vky&rSmjzpfygw,f// usrwd@k v}l uD;awGqv@kd &&if (14) ESp=f umayrJhvnf; vk;H vk;H rS pdw"mwf f kd dS f r,dr;f ,kiyEihf 'Dtwdi;f bJ? vli,fawG[m yk+d y;D awmhoem;p&maumif;ygw,f// pvkywe;f u (20) ausmf dfJS k f k av;awG/ tckcsermqkv@kd &&if vli,fawmif r[kwb;l ? vl}u;D ydi;f a&mufom;+y? (30) ausm/f (40) eD; d f S d dS f k G D vm+y/D / tJ'tcseumvtwGi;f rSm rdrw@kd &J b0xlaxmifEia&; bmrSow@kd rvkyEicygb;l ? 'DtzJ@G csKyf&J D df d kd f l f dk f hJ vkyief;awGxrm ke;f uef&if;ESihf axmifx0ifvuf axmifxuxGuvu/f ajy;vduvm;vdue@J 'DvyJ f JS J dk J f dk k f $ k f kd jzwfausmcwmjzpfygw,f// tJ'awmh 'Dvv}l u;D awG/ vli,fawG&aewJtzJ@G csKyf[m atmifuatmifjrif& f hJ D kd dS h dk r,fv@kd usr,k=H unfygw,f/ 'gayrJv}l u;D awG vli,fawG=um;xJrmvnf; nD!wz@kd awmhvw,f aygav? h S G f kd h vl}uD;/ vli,fawGnD!GwfrS usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf[m acsmacsmarmarmESifh rsKd;qufopfawG wck+yD; wckquf+y;D awmh wdi;f jynf&J tusK;d udk xrf;aqmifom;Edirmjzpfygw,f// tckusrxde;f odr;f cHae&wJh (18) k G kfS vumvtwGi;f rSmqd&if usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf[m &yfwnfEicw,fqwm usrwk@d *%,Eip&mta=umif; k kd f hJ kd k f l kd f wckygbJ? cufcufcce@J &yfwnfEicw,f// cufcufcce@J &yfwnfEicv@kd vnf; tckusrwd@k 'Dtajctae JJ kd f hJ JJ kd f hJ uka&mufvmwmyg? quf+y;D awmhvnf; cufcufccEivyom;r,fv@kd usrar#mvifygw,f// cufcuf d J J S hf k f G f h cJcEivyz@kd yJ acgi;f xJrmxm;yg// wk@d [m b,fawmhp&rvJqwm vk;H vk;H rpOf;ygEi? cHp&m&Sd tm;vk;H cHom; J S hf k f S H dk S hf G r,fqw[myJ acgi;f xJrm 'Dvyxm;yg// tJ'vacgi;f xJrmxm;awmh jzpfwtcg cH&wmvG,wmaygav? kd hJ S kd J D kd S hJ f h acgi;f xJrm pH&r,f? pH&r,fv@kd xifxm;+y;D rS cHv@kd &&if enf;enf;yd+k y;D awmh txdemw,fayg/h / 'Dawmh cHp&m S dS &Scom;+y;D awmh tJ'vypwxm;+y;D cHp&m&S&ifcom;=uyg// uk,uae+y;D awmh u;d pm;cJv@kd uk,&yfcwhJ dH G D kd J d f d H G d f h d f hJ &vm'fawGt& tusK;d qufawGjzpfvmwJh tcgusv@dk &&ifawmh jynfovxe@J a0iS+y;D awmh cHpm;&r,f dS l l k qdwm rarhygEi/hf / usrwd@k twGu}f u;D yJr[kwb;l // tzJ@G csKyf}u;D yJ r[kwygb;l // trsm;twGuf usrwd@k k S f f vkyae=uwmyg// f (14) ESpumv usrwd@k vufw+GJ y;D awmhvyc+hJ y;D xyfwvJvJ 'Drua&pDoabmw&m;awGudk f kf kd vnf; usrwd@k a[mcJajymcJ+h y/D wa,mufEiwa,mufvnf; 'Doabmw&m;awGukd aqG;aEG;cJzvS,c+hJ y? h S hf h f D 'Dawmh (14) ESpv;Hk vk;H vufwcwhJ &Jabmf&bufawGqwm wOD;ay:wOD; em;vnfrtjynft0&Soif+h yv@kd f GJ hJ J kd _ h d D usrxifygw,f// quf+y;D awmh/ usrwd@k em;vnfrtjynft0ESihf vkyom;r,fqv@kd &&if usrwd@k vcsiwhJ _ h f G kd dS kd f yef;wdiu&rSmyg// uJxyfwvJvajymjyef+y? b,fawmh&rSmvJ/ b,fawmh&rSmvJqawmh ud,vyEiwhJ k f dk J D kd k f k f kd f oavmuf jrefrmyJv@dk / jynfovxvnf; 'Dvygy? jynfovxtaeESihf usrwd@k vxxuae+y;D awmh S l l k kd J l l k l k J 'Drua&pDb,fawmh&rSmvJv@dk ar;vd@k &&if usruawmh tjrwrf;jyefajzrSmbJ// kd dS J tJ'gawmh jynfovxk u;d yrf;r_tay:rlwnfwmaygv@kd ? tm;vk;H u0di;f +y;D awmh b,favmufxd l l h k u;d yrf;EdirvJ// uk,f u;d yrf;oavmufyJ jrefrmbJ? olrsm;vkywmudk av#muf+y;D awmh ar#mrae=uyg kf d S f f ESiv@dk ? usr tJ'gyJ owday;csiygw,f// xyfwvJvowday;aewm 'gawGy? uJ usrwk@d tzJ@G csKyf0if hf f J J
515
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f awG[m 'Dtcserm [d[m 'D[modcsiw,f? enf;enf; [d[mav;odcsiw,f// od&Edirvm; usru dfS k f k f kf ajymrvm;qd+k y;D awmh ar#mvifaewJoawGvJ &S&if&r,f? usruajymzd@k rvk&if 'guawmhrajymbl;ayg? f h h l d dS d h tckuwnf;uajymvkuyg&ap// ajymp&m&Sd&ifajymr,f? usrwd@k ajymzd@k tcseroifao;bl;vd@k xif&if d f df h usr bmrSrajymbl;// ok@d aomfjim;vnf; usrjynfovxuawmh b,fawmhrS rvdrwywfrvkyb;l qdwmukawmh l l k kd hf f k d tmrcHygw,f? usrwd@k jynfaxmifpEii&J tusK;d jynfovxtusKd;ESihf qef@usirnfupq&if usrbmrS k kd f H l l k f h d P kd rvkyygb;l ? aemuf+y;D awmhvnf; usrwd@k &J 'Drua&pDx;Hk wrf;pOfvmtavhtxawGukd usrav;pm;yg f kd w,f// usrwd@k &J vl}u;D awG&J oabmwlncsurygbe@J / vl}u;D awGEiraqG;aEG;bJEivnf;f bmrS t"du D f J S hf S hf uswupawGukd usrrvkyygb;l ? usrwd@k trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftaeESihf OuU OD;atmifa&$Eihf usr hJ d P f kd S h k f kd f G hf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;udk vkyyicihf (Mandate) awGay;xm;ygw,f// 'gayr,fvnf; 'Dvyyiciukd f kd f G usrb,fawmhrvnf; tvGo;kH pm;rvkyygb;l ? aemifvnf; b,fawmhrS tvGo;kH pm;rvkyygb;l ? 'Dvyyif S J f J f k f kd cGi[m t=uyftwnf;umvrSm usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf[m 'Drua&pDenf;usus raqmif&uEiwumvrsm; hf kd G f kd f hJ rSm oH;k zd@k tcGita&;yJjzpfygw,f// 'Dvyyiciuo;kH wJtcgrm usrwd@k tzG@J csKytzJ@G 0ifawGu bmudvvm; hf k f kd f G hf kd h S f k kd w,f? jynfovx[m bmudvvm;w,fqwm tjrwrf;acgi;f xJxnf+h y;D awmh usrwd@k pOfpm;rSmjzpfyg l l k k dk kd J w,f// 'Dawmh usrwd@k taeESihf &ifusu+f y;D awmh wlncsuawG,w,fqwm 'Drua&pDenf; ruswm h D f l kd kd a=umifh b,fawmhrrvkyygb;l qdwm usrajymyg&ap// usrwd@k vyuiwmESiywfoufv@kd jynfovxk S f k k f kd f hf l l taeESioabmrusb;l ? usrwd@k tzJ@G csKy0ifawGtaeESihf oabmr=ubl;qdv@kd &&if usru z,fay;&rSmyJ? hf f k dS udk,fvkyfEdkifoavmufvkyfr,f// udk,f&Jht&nftcsif;[m vkyfaewJhwm0efESifh rnDr#bl;qdkvdk@&Sd&if wjcm;olawGwm0efxrf;aqmifEiatmifv@kd z,fay;&rSmyJ? ud,urvkyEibEiawmh uyfz+hJ y;D awmh kd f k f f kd f J S hf aezd@k awmh vH;k vH;k oabmxm;r&Sygb;l ? 'Dtcsetcgrm usrwd@k &v}l u;D awGEiywfoufv@kd usraus;Zl; d df S hJ S hf wifpum;ajym&if;ESihf tzJ@G csKyf0ifawGuvnf; enf;enf;awmhowday;csiygw,f// usrwd@k OuU/ 'kOuU/ kd f twGi;f a&;r;ESihf tjcm;A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzJ@G 0ifrsm;[m touft& ri,fawmhb;l ? touft& k f ri,fawmhwma=umifr@kd v@kd wjcm;vli,fyi;f / vlvwfyi;f udrsm; wm0efawGay;zd@k pOf;pm;ovm;qd+k y;D awmh h kd kd k ar;wJvawG&ygw,f// vli,fyi;f / vlvwfyi;f awG[m vl}u;D awG&wm0efukd wcsewcgrm xrf;aqmif h l dS kd kd hJ df S &r,fqwm usrwd@k vufcxm;+y;D om;yg// tJ'vvyaqmifEiz@kd twGuvnf; usrwd@k wcsev;kH vnf;yJ kd H D kd k f kd f f df ypkysK;d axmifaeygw,f// 'gayrJh usrwk@d v}l u;D awG&aus;Zl;[m usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyftay:rSm b,favmuftxd&w,fqkd hJ dS wm b,fawmhrrarhygEi? aus;Zl;uef;vd@k uawmh usrwd@k twGuf bmrSrusK;d &SEirm r[kwygb;l ? S S hf d kd f S f usrwd@k v}l uD;awGu wcsKd vli,fawG[m tvkyrvkyEi=f ubl;? usrud,wijf rif&w,f// vl}uD;awG f f kd k f kd vkyEiv@kd vm;vd@k usrudk vmrar;ESi? usrjyefajzcsiw,f// vli,fawGu b,favmufvyEiv@kd vv@kd f kd f hf f k f kd f J vkywvi,fawGuvnf; vkyygw,f// usrwd@k v}l u;D awG&J vky&yfukd toufu=kd unf+h y;D rqH;k jzwfygEi? f hJ l f f S hf t&nftcsi;f ud=k unf+y;D awmhq;kH jzwfyg// usrwd@k v}l u;D awG[m touft&G,tm;jzifh ri,fayr,fhvnf; f pdw"mwftm;jzifh tifrwefrS wufuEysKygw,fv@kd usrtmrcHygw,f// 'Dtcserm usrwd@k &J r[mrdwf f Gk d dfS awGuvnf; aus;Zl;wifpum;awmh ajym&ygvrr,f? txl;ojzifh wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pktzJ@G tpnf; r[m kd d hf k rdwrsm;[mvnf; usrwd@k &J tzJ@G csKy&J vkyief;awGukd yhy;kd ay;w,fqwm[m 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_atmifjrif f f f H kd kd _fS
516
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&;twGujf zpfygw,f// tJ'vkd r[mrdwrsm;&Sv@kd om usrwd@k &J tem*wfjynfaxmifptwGuf ar#mvifh D f d k f csu&wm jzpfygw,f// usrwd@k wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;[m nDn!w!wEihf rvkyEib;l qdv@kd &&if f dS k D G f G fS f kd f k dS usrwd@k &J jynfaxmifptwGuf aumif;wJtem*wfqwmr&SEiygb;l ?usrwd@k wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;ESihf k h kd d kd f k wdi;f &if;om;nDtudarmifErrsm;ESihf cdirmwJn!wrukd ,lEir,fqv@kd &&if usrwd@k Eii[m wu,f k k S kf h D G f_ kd f kd dS kd f H udk trsm;twGuftusKd;yEdkifwJh jynfaxmifpk}uD; jzpfoGm;r,fqdkwm usrwdk@,Hk=unfygw,f// usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf[m Ediia&;tzJ@G tpnf;jzpfw,f// usrwd@k r[mrdwwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; em;vnf kfH f kd ygw,f// tJ'ga=umifr@kd owd&&Eihf jynfaxmifptusK;d ud=k unf+h y;D awmh usrwd@k EivufwwhJ r[mrdwf h W dS dS S k S hf GJ rsm;udk txl;aus;Zl;wifygw,f? tJ'aus;Zl;udvnf; usrwd@k &J tzG@J 0ifrsm;[m todtrSwf yapcsiygw,f// aemuf+yD;awmh D k f usrwd@k ukd axmufcay;wJh urBmtodi;f t0di;f vnf; &Sygao;w,f// Ediiwumtodi;f t0di;f u usrwd@k H h k k d kfH k k tzG@J csKy&J v_y&m;r_ukd axmufcygw,f/ usrwd@k vy&m;r_rm jy\emawG&&if/ tcuftcJawG&&if usrwd@k f fS H _fS S dS dS bufuae+y;D awmh &yfwnfay;cJygw,f// h 'g[m rdwaumif;aqGaumif;awGv@kd yv@kd usr'Dvy,=kH unfygw,f/ usrwd@k &@J rwaqGaumif; f J kd J d f awG&J aus;Zl;udvnf; usrwd@k rarhoifygb;l ? rdwaqGaumif;rsm;&Jaus;Zl;udk em;rvnfworsm;[m k h f hJ l aemifqv@kd &&if rdwaqGaumif;&zd@k tifrwefrcufcom;ygvrr,f/ 'D (14) ESpumvudawmh a&G;aumuf kd dS f S J G d hf f k yJuaewGuvu&if (10) aygav? 1988 ckEpup+y;D awmh wGur,fqv@kd &&if (14) ESpwmumvrsm;rSm G f kd f h Sf f kd dS f usrwd@k uuncwhJ Ediiwumtoki;f t0di;f urdwaqGawG usrwd@k jynfwi;f u r[mrdwawG usrwd@k &J kd l D hJ k f H d k f G f tzJ@G csKyf0ifawG usrwd@k ukd ,H=k unftm;ud;k wJjh ynfovxawG tm;vH;k [m nDn!w!we@J vufwJG l l k D G f G f +y;D awmh quf+y;D oGm;Ediw,fv@kd ,H=k unfygw,f// tJ'vnn!w!wEihf quf+y;D awmhvufwom;&if kf D kd D D G f G f S JG G tjrefq;kH 'Drua&pDyef;wdiukd a&mufr,fv@kd usr,H=k unfygw,f// usrwd@k 'Dae@rm oHEmefcsv@kd usrwk@d kd kf S dM tm;vH;k [m 'Drua&pDyef;wdiua&mufwtxd pdw"mwfcicirmrmESiae=ur,f// wOD;tay:wOD;u kd k f kd hJ f kd f kd f hf &if;ES;D rSeuefwhJ &Jabmf&bufpwxm;=ur,f// usrwd@k tay:rSm aus;Zl;ycJwoawG&J aus;Zl;udk b,f f J d f h hJ l awmhrS usrwd@k rarhb;l // rdwaumif;aqGaumif;yDor,fv@kd 'DvyJ oHEmefcsapcsiygw,f// 'DvoEXmef f kd dM f kd H dM awGcs+y;D awmh/ usrwd@k o,fom;r,fqv@kd &&if tm;vH;k vdcsiwhJ vHk c+H y;D awmh at;csr;f wd;k wufwhJ jynf G kd dS k f axmifpk jrefrmEdiiawmf}u;D udk odr;f ydu+f y;D awmh/ r=umrDumvtwGi;f usrwd@k xaxmifEir,fv@kd usr kfH k l kd f ,H=k unfw,fv@kd ajym&if;ESihf tm;vH;k udk E_wqufvuygw,f// f kd f aus;Zl;wifygw,f//
517
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf(97c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf; A[ef;re,f/ &efukefr ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (12) ESpfajrmuf a=unmpmwrf;? a=unmcsuftrSwf - 6 (502) Tae@T&ufjzpfaom 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif jrefrmEdiitm%mydirsm;u hS G kfH kf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy[k 'Drua&pDa&;twGuf t"dym,fjynf0onfh trnfemr D kH D kd JG kd ` h rsm;jzifh a&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (,ck EdkifiHawmfat;csrf; om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifp) . 1989 ckEp/f arv (31) &ufpyg Oya'trSwf (1489) jzpfaom hf D S JG jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya't& usi;f yay;cJonf? $ f h ygwp 'Drua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy qdonfh a0g[m&rsm;ESiywfoufI &Si;f vif; D kH kd JG k hf oGm;rnf? ygwpqdonfrm Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J (,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f D kH k S kfH f kfH om,ma&;ESiz@HG zd;a&;aumifp) . 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (27) &ufpyg Oya'trSwf (488) hf D S JG jzpfaomEdiia&;ygwD rsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya't& rSwywifcihf yxm;onfh Ediia&;ygwrsm;jzpfay kfH f kH f kH G kfH D onf? Oya'u EdkifiHa&;ygwDqdkonfrSm ppfrSefaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudk vufcHusifhoHk;aom tzGJ@tpnf;udk qdkvdkonf[k jyXmef;xm;onf? 'Drdkua&pDqdkonfrSm tcsKyftjcmt%monf jynfolvlxkxHrSqif;oufonf[laom a0g[m&t& rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu vGwvyfI w&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuonfh jynfo@l S l l k f kd f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; ay:ayguvm&rnf[k t"dym,faqmifayonf? if;jynfo@l vwawmf f kd f f f ` $ f ud,pm;vS,rsm;u Oya't& jynfo@l vwawmfw&yfz@JG pnf;I wdi;f jynfEihf jynfovxw&yfv;kH twGuf k f f $ f k S l l k tusK;d yEdirnf/h tusK;d yay;Edirnfh Oya'ya&;/ tkycsKya&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;wd@k Eihf ywfoufonfOya'rsm;/ kf kf f f S h enf;Oya'rsm;udk jyXmef;ay;&rnftjyif ,if;wd@k . pDrcef@crtm%mwd@k ukd A[kEia'oqdi&mtzG@J h H JG _ d S hf kf tpnf;rsm;tm; cGa0tyfEi;f Edici&jdS cif;wd@k jzpfayonf? if;jyif 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;jzpfaom J S k f G hf kd hf vGwvyfpmpnf;k;H cGi/hf pka0;cGi/hf zG@J pnf;Edici/hf zGi[a&;om;azmfjyEdicihf tp&Sonfrsm;udk urBmuv f G kfG hf kfG d h k or*~tzG@J csKy. tjynfjynfqi&m vl@tcGita&;a=unmpmwrf;ESitnD jynfovxu &&Scpm;=u&ef f kd f hf hf l l k dH jzpfayonf? Ta=unmpmwrf;udk jrefrmEdiiu oabmwlvufcI vufrwa&;xd;k cJ+h y;D jzpfayonf? kfH H S f taxGaxGa&G;aumufy qdonfrm wwdi;f jynfv;kH &Sd rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu wdi;f jynf. JG k S k S l l k k jynfo@l vwawmftwGuf ,if;wd@k uu,pm;yrnfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpfaom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; $ f kd dk f k f $ f kd f vS,rsm;udk a&G;cs,wifajrmufay;&ef jzpfayonf? Oya'u a&G;aumufyqdonfrm ygwp'rua&pD f f JG k S D kH D kd taxGaxG a&G;aumufyuqonf[k jyXmef;onf? JG kd kd ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif (93) ckaom Ediia&;ygwrsm; yg0if,Of ydic=hJ u D kH D kd JG G kfH D S f onf? ,ae@wif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftygt0if Ediia&;ygwD (10) ckomv#if w&m;0if&yfwnf G kd kfH
518
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f vsu&aeayonf? 'Drua&pDenf;t& rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu Ediia&;ygwtoD;oD;wd@k . a&G;aumufyJG f dS kd S l l k kfH D a=unmpmwrf;rsm;udk zwfavhvmqef;ppfI Ediia&;ygwtoD;oD;rS rdrd uduEpouf&m jynfo@l _ kfH D f S f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;udk vGwvyfI w&m;r#wpGm qENray;jcif;jzifh a&G;cs,c=hJ uonf? f kd f f f J f tm%mydirsm;u v$wawmfrqENe,faygi;f (492) ae&m[k owfrwcaomfvnf; v$wf kf f J S f hJ awmfrqENe,f (485) ae&mrsm;Yomvsif qENray;cGihf ycJonf? ,if;rJqENe,frsm;wGif yg0if,Of yi=f u&ef J J h S d trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyrS ygwpnf;urf;pnf;rsO;f rsm;t& jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm; kd f D $ f kd f f tjzpf w&m;0ifowfrwwm0efay;vduonf? 4if;wd@k teuf (392) OD;udk rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu jynfo@l S f k f S l l k v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,wifajrmufay;vduonf? xduo@kd tzG@J csKyu wm0efay;um f kd f f f k f k hJ f owfrway;vduIom a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&onfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf S f k f $ f kd f f (1) rdrdtm;qENrJay;vdkufonfh rJqEN&Sifrsm;tay:wGif wm0ef&Sdonf? rJqEN&Sifrsm;tm; av;pm;&rnf? ypfy,fIrxm;&? (2) tzG@J csKyfu jyXmef;xm;aom jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG a=unmpmwrf;yg tcsuf $ f rsm;udk arhaysmufypfIr&? xdtcsursm;onf rJqEN&ijf ynfovxtay: 0efcuwday;xm; k f S l l k H onfrsm; jzpfayonf? (3) rdrtm;a&G;cs,wm0efay;vduaom tzG@J csKytay:wGif opPm&S&rnf? tzG@J csKyu owfrwf d f k f f d f S xm;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;udk vduem&rnf? k f 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@uusi;f yay;cJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG hS h D kH D kd +y;D pD;cJonfrm Tae@ T&ufwif (12) ESpwif;wif;jynfcay+y? vlwOD;wa,muf. oufwrf;t&qdv#if h S G f h hJ D k &Sn=f umanmif;aomtcseumv jzpfayonf? Ta&G;aumufyukd urBmESijhf refrmtjyif tm%mydif df JG k rsm;uyg vGwvyfI w&m;r#waoma&G;aumufy[k uifye;f wyfc=hJ uonf? f JG G jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif v$wfawmfqdkonfrSm jynfol@ v$wfawmf udqonf [k jyXmef;xm;onf? jynfo@l vwawmfonf wdi;f jynf.zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'udk k kd $ f k f kH om a&;qGay;&onfh wdi;f jynfyv$wawmfr[kwb/J Oya'ya&;/ tkycsKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;udprsm; J k f f f P twGuOya'jyXmef;ay;jcif;/ ,if;wd@k . pDrcef@cr@_ tm%mwd@k ukd A[dEia'oqdi&mtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; f H JG k S hf kf cGJa0tyfESif;EdkifcGifh&Sdjcif;wdk@tjyif/ EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udkvnf; a&;qGJItwnfy Edici&onf? tb,fa=umifqaomf jynfo@l vwawmfqonfrm Ediiom;rsm;.ud,pm; Ediiawmf. k f G hf dS h kd $ f kd S kfH k f kfH tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk cH,usio;kH aom Ediiawmf. tjrifq;kH tm%myditzG@J tpnf;jzpfayonf? l hf kfH h kf rJqENe,fqdonfrmv$wawmfrqENe,fuqonf[k jyXmef;xm;onf? v$wawmf k S f J kd kd f ud,pm;vS,qdonfrm v$wawmfo@kd a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&oluqonf?[k jyXmef;xm; k f f k S f kd kd onf? ,if;uJo@kd teuft"dym,ftoD;oD;rsm;jzifh jyXmef;xm;aoma=umifh jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH h ` kf awmftm; ppfreaom'Drua&pDEiiawmf wnfaqmuf&ef OD;wnfa=umif; xif&m;ay:vGiaeayonf? Sf kd kd f H S f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyEipyfvsO;f I Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk tm%mydirsm; D kH D kd JG S hf kf u 1989 ckEpuyif xkwjf yefjyXmef;cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? Sf - tm%mydirsm;u xkwjf yefjyXmef;xm;onfh a&G;aumufyOya'rsm;udk ,H=k unf=uI rJqEN&if kf JG S rsm;u qENray;cJ=h ujcif;jzpfonf? jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;uvnf; yg0if J $ f kd f f
519
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ,SOf yita&G;cHc=hJ ujcif; jzpfonf? df - rnfowOD;wa,mufur# +cr;f ajcmufr/_ tEditxufyr_/ vH;k 0r&SbJ rJqEN&if jynfovxk l d kf d S l l u rdr.vGwvyfaomoabmqENt&vnf;aumif;/ 'Drua&pDuvuem cH,v=kd uIvnf; d f kd kd kd f l aumif;/ jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk a&G;cs,wifajrmufc+hJ y;D jzpfayonf? $ f kd f f f - a&G;aumufyukd 1990 jynfEpwiusi;f y+y;D pD;cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? jynfwi;f jynfyESihf tm%mydif JG hSf Gf G k wd@k u vGwvyfI w&m;r#waoma&G;aumufytp&Sonfrsm;[k xkwazmfc+hJ y;D jzpfonf? f JG d f od@k aomfvnf; jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'. tcef; (2) v$wawmfz@JG pnf;jcif; $ f JG f acgi;f pOf yk'r (3) wGijf yXmef;xm;onfh v$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumuf f f hf wifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifz@JG pnf;&rnf[lonfukd oufqi&mtm%mydif dk f f kd f f h kd f k rsm;u av;pm;vduem+y;D taumiftxnfazmfay;&ef vdtyfvygonf? k f k S if;jyif urBmuvor*~tzG@J csKyf}u;D wGif jrefrmEdiionf tzG@J 0ifwEdiitjzpf yg0ifaeonf? h k kfH kfH tzG@J 0ifEiijH zpfonftm;av#mpm tzG@J csKyf}u;D u wnDw!Gwwnf; csrway;vduonfh 1990 jynfEp/f kd f h fG f S f k f hS a&G;aumufy&v'fonf 'Drua&pDukd jynfovxuvkvm;a=umif; jyovdujf cif;jzpfonf[aom JG kd l l k d k l qH;k jzwfcsuukd av;pm;vduem&efwm0ef&ayonf? ,ae@urBm&m}u;D wGif wki;f jynfwjynfwnf; txD; f k f dS hG d use&yfwnfI r&Ediay? &yfwnfIvnf; &Edirnfr[kway? xk@d a=umifh 1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumufyJG f kf kf f hS &v'frsm;udjk yXmef;xm;onfh Oya'yk'rrsm;t&tm%mydirsm;utaumiftxnfazmfay;&ef vdtyfay f kf k vdrrnf? hf jynfo@l vwawmfw&yf ay:ayguvmjcif;ryrD trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfEihf tjcm;wdi;f &if; $ f f kd S k om; vlrsK;d pkEiia&;ygwrsm;jzpf=uaom &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ &cdi'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ kd f H D k kd k f D kd rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J / Zdr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&ufw@kd Eiz@JG pnf;xm;onfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;y f kd k f S hf $ f kd f aumfrwDonf qufvuf&yfwnfaernfjzpfayonf? jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDonf yg0ifaeaomygwD (5) ygwEihf jynfo@l vwawmf $ f kd f DS $ f ud,pm;vS,rsm;. tcGita&;rsm;&&S&efuom u;d yrf;oGm;rnfr[kway? 1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumuf k f f hf d kd f S yGwitEdi&&Scaom tjcm;Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,rsm;. tcGita&;rsm; &&S&efukd J G f k f d hJ kfH D ~ k f f hf d yg u;d yrf;rnfjzpfayonf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrusi;f yrD 1989 ckEpuyif wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk (18) D kH D kd JG Sf k ygww@kd onf jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (,ltet,fv') tjzpf zG@J pnf;cJh D k kd kd Jf fD ayonf? wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;onf xdenf;wl tem*wfwivnf; jynfaxmifpEiitusK;d twGuf k k Gf k kd f H pnf;vH;k nD!wpm v_y&m;oGm;Edirnf[k ,H=k unfayonf? G fG fS kf ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfudk wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;yg0ifrSom wnf aqmufEirnfjzpfayonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftaejzifh wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;. &nfre;f kd f kd k S csursm;udk tjrwapxnhoi;f pOf;pm;aqmif&uaernf jzpfayonf? f J f G G f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.tjrJwap&yfwnfcsufrSm wdkif;jynfESifhjynfoljynfom;rsm; tusK;d twGuf Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ use;f rma&;udp&yfrsm;udk tzG@J csKyfEihf Ediiawmfat;csr;f kfH _ P S kfH om,ma&;ESihf zG@H z;d a&;aumifpw@kd onf Ediia&;t"dym,fjynf0aom aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifom ajz&Si;f &rnfjzpf D kfH ` h h
520
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ayonf? Edii. jy\emrsm;udk ajz&Si;f &efu;d yrf;&mY tzG@J csKyfonf jyifomajymif;omaomenf;udom kfH k toH;k ycJayonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfEihf Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H z;d a&;aumifpw@kd h kd S kfH D t=um; av;eufaomEdiia&;aqG;aEG;yGjJ zpfay:vma&;udk wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;onf em;vnfrtjynfh kfH k _ t0jzifh axmufcH uq=kd uonf? d urBmuvor*~tzG@J csKyf taxGaxGnvmcH.qH;k jzwfcsuEitnD wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;yg0if h k D f S hf k aom oH;k OD;oH;k zvS,aqG;aEG;yGrsm; tjrefq;kH jzpfay:a&;twGuf u;d yrf;oGm;=urnf? f J od@k aomf awG@qaqG;aEG;jcif;ryrDumvwGif ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy&v'frsm; kH D kH D kd JG ESiywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ trsK;d om;nDvmcHEiywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ Ediiawmfz@JG pnf;tkycsKyfykH hf S hf kfH f tajccHOya'a&;qGa&;ESiywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ wdi;f jynf. Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ use;f rma&;/ J hf k kfH _ ynma&;/ EdiijH cm;&if;ES;D jryErrsm;/ urBmvSnc&D;oGm;vma&;vkyief;rsm;ESihf ywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ kf f HS _ hf f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. rl&if;0g'rsm; ajymif;vJjcif;&Srnf r[kwao;ay? kd d f trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unf 2002 ckEp/f arv kd S (6) &ufae@u aetdrwixe;f odr;f xm;jcif;rS ci;f csur&Sd vGwajrmufvmjcif;onf tzG@J csKyEihf Ediiawmf f Gf d G f f fS kfH at;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG zd;a&;aumifpw@kd t=um; ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufjcif;tqifh ausmveom;+yD hf D _ f Gf G jzpfayonf? ,if;rSwqifw;kd I txufwia&;om;cJ+h y;D onfh t"dym,fjynf0aom Ediia&;awG@qaqG;aEG; h Gf ` h kfH kH a&;tqifo@kd rvGraoG raES;tjrefwuf=u&ef vdayonf? aqG;aEG;yGrsm;p&ef aESmifaES;onfEitr# h J k J h S hf wdi;f oljynfom;rsm; epfemrnfjzpfayonf? k taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;a':atmifqef;pk=unf xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rS vGwajrmufvmygaomf f vnf;/ - Ediia&;yk'rtoD;oD;wd@k jzifh tusO;f uscae=u&onfh kfH f H - Ediia&;yk'rrsm;r[kwygbJ Ediia&;v_y&m;r_a=umifom tjcm;Oya'w&yf&yf. yk'rrsm; kfH f f kfH fS h f jzifh tusO;f uscae=u&onfh tusO;f usrsm;tm;vH;k onf vGwajrmufvmjcif;r&Sao;ojzifh if;wd@k H f d tm; ci;f csuwpHw&mr&SapbJ tusO;f axmiftoD;oD;rS tjrefq;kH v$way;&ef wduwe;f &rnfjzpfay G f k d f k f G onf? if;wd@k vGwajrmufvmjcif;onf Ediia&;tajctaersm; ydrw;kd wufaumif;rGevmjcif;ESihf vlom; f kfH k kd f jcif;pmemaxmufxm;r_rsm; rnfayonf? rGejf rwfvayonf? S trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftaejzifh EdkifiHa&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &&Sdoifhoavmuf&&Sdae+yD jzpfouJo@kd tjcm;Ekiia&;ygwrsm;onfvnf; Ediia&;pnf;k;H v_y&m;r_ &&S=d u&rnfjzpfayonf? h dfH D kfH fS odk@rSom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;tygt0if jynfoljynfom;tm;vHk;. tusKd;&v'frsm; ay:xGe;f taumiftxnfay:vmrnfjzpfayonf? jynfovxEitycsKyforsm;t=um; aygi;f ul;wHwm; l l k S hf k f l ozG,f &yfwnfjcif;rSm Ediia&;ygwrsm;. t"duvkyief;w&yfjzpfayonf? kfH D f 1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumufy&v'fupEihf wdi;f oljynfom; (wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; tygt0if) hS JG dPS k k rsm;/ avmavmq,f&ifqiae&aom Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ use;f rma&;/ ynma&; tp&Sonfh kd f kfH _ d udp&yfrsm;udk udiw,ajz&Si;f &ef wdi;f jynfEijhf ynfo@l tusK;d twGuf t"dym,fjynf0aom awG@qaqG;aEG; P kf G f k S ` h kH jcif;enf;vrf; wckwnf;om&S+d y;D tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sa=umif;ESihf awG@qaqG;aEG;jcif;enf;jzifh ygwp'rua&pD d kH D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufy&v'frsm;t& jynfo@l vwawmfukd ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;+yD; wdi;f jynfukd 'Drua&pD JG $ f k kd
521
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpEiiawmftjzpf wnfaqmufom;=u&ayrnf? k kd f H G A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefrd?
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(13) ESpfajrmuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJae@wGif ay;ydkonfh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;. o0%fv$mrdefcGef; 1990 ckEpu jrefrmEdiiwiusi;f ycJwhJ a&G;aumufy[m u|erwd@k Eiiordi;f rSm b,fawmhrS Sf kfH Gf h JG f kd f H k rarhtyfwhJ Ediia&;rSwwiwwdijf zpfygw,f? ESpf (30) eD;yg; wygwtm%m&Sipepfatmufwif cHpm;cJ& kfH f dk f k D f G h wJ'ursm;rS vGwygapcsive;f wJjh ynfoawGu 'Da&G;aumufyrmar#mvifcsu}f uD;rm;pGmeJ@ 'Drua&pD hk Q f f G l JG S f h kd tkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf wcJeufray;=uwmyg? jynfolrsm;&JtoJESv;kH xJucHpm;r_tay: wnfaqmuf J xm;wJh ar#mvifcsuawGudk rw&m;ojzihf rzzsuoifygb;l ? 1990 ckEpf a&G;aumufy&v'fukd vpfvsL_ f h f f h S JG wm[m jynfouwefz;kd rxm;&m/ apmfum;&ma&mufw,fqwm txl;taxGajymaep&mrvdygb;l ? l kd kd k ,ckEpf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyEpywfvnftcserm u|er txufjrefrmEdiipnf;H;k a&;xGuf S JG S f dfS f kfH vsu&aeygw,f? c&D;wav#mufrmawG@uc&wJh wki;f jynfe@J jynfow@kd tajctaeawG[m jrefrmEdiirm f dS S H hJ d l kfHS 'Drua&pDvtyfaew,fqwmudk uGuuuui;f uGi;f azmfjyvsu&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh 1990 ckEp/f kd dk kd f G f G f dS S a&G;aumufy&J ta&;ygrukd ydrI em;vnfoabmaygu&ygw,f? 'Drua&pDvrf;qdwm[m a&G;aumufyJG JG _ k kd f dk k vrf;ygy? 'Drua&pDa&G;aumufyrsm;&J&v'fukd ruuf&ifruufovkd z,f&m;wJvy&yfrsK;d udk b,fvrS J kd JG S h kf dk vufrcHEiygb;l ? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftaeeJ@ 1990 ckEpf taxGaxGa&G;aumufy&v'fukd av; dk f kd S JG pm;taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf qufvuf+yD;rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnfom;&rSmjzpfygw,f? G 'Drua&pD&J t&omudrcHpm;&ao;wJh u|erwd@k vi,frsm; 1990 ckEp/f a&G;aumufyukd rarhap dk k f l S JG &atmif/ 2003 ckEp/f arv (27) &ufae@ukd 'Drua&pDa&G;aumufyJG txdr;f trSwae@tjzpf jrifEiap& S dk f kd f atmif vli,frsm;twGuf tpDtpOfukd yvky&jcif;jzpfygw,f? 'DtpDtpOfa=umifh ,ae@vma&muf f tm;ay;=uwJh u|erwd@k tzJ@G 0ifawG@e@J rwaqGawG 1990 ckEpf a&G;aumufyae@ukd jyefvnfowd&+yD; f d f S JG if;a&G;aumufyGJ&J&v'fudk taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf tm;rmefopfawGeJ@ jynfh0vmapcsif ygw,f?
522
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfoawG&J 'kuawG/ ar#mvifcsuawG/ pd;k &dryyifrawGe@J ae@pOfxawG@ae&wma=umihf trsK;d l Q f h f fl _ d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfukd jynfoawGtusK;d twGuf &mE_e;f jynfwm0efauspmeJ@ vkyaqmifapcsiygw,f? kd l h G f f 1990 jynfEpu jynfoawGu ,H=k unfpwcspmeJ@ay;xm;wJwm0efrsm;tm;vH;k jynfjh ynf00 ausyef hSf l d f G h h G onftxd ud,usK;d rzuf jynfo@l tusK;d twGuom v_y&m;u;yrf;aewJtzJ@G jzpfygapa=umif; qENy&yg k f f f S h w,f? 1990 ckESpf/ taxGaxGa&G;aumufytcrf;tem;odk@wufa&mufvm=uwJhtzG@J 0ifrsm;/ 'Drkd GJ ua&pDvvm;olrsm;eJ@ {nfonfawmf}u;D rsm;tm;vH;k udk av;pm;pGm E_wce;f qufvuygw,f&ihf ? kd h fG kd f S &efuef r k 2003 ckESpf/ arv (27) &uf? 1365 ckESpf/ uqkefvqkwf (12) &uf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf(97c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwkdifvrf; A[ef;re,f/ &efukefr 2003 ckESpf/ arv (27) &ufae@wGifusa&mufaom (13) ESpfajrmuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ a=unmpmwrf;? a=unmcsuftrSwf - 5 (503) ,ae@onf ausmif;om;ausmif;ol/ &[ef;&Si/f vl/ jynfotaygi;f wk@d . wcJeufqENjycJonfh l h 1988 ckEpf 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_}u;D rSay:ayguvm&aom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG (13) S kd _fS f D kH D kd ESpjf ynfajrmufaomae@jzpfayonf? h jynfovx}k u;D . toufaoG;ac|;aygi;f rsm;pGmpGe@f vw&if;ES;D cJra=umihf Ediiawmf. tm%m l l $ f h_ kfH udk odr;f ,lxm;aom Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G; kfH f D kH D kd aumufyukd 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wiusi;f yay;cJ&onf? vGwvyfI w&m;r#waom JG hS Gf h f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yI jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; a&G;aumufwif D kH D kd JG $ f kd f f ajrmufEdkif&ef tm%mydkiftzGJ@u 1989 ckESpf/ arv (31) &ufae@pGJyg Oya'trSwf (1489) jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'udk jyXmef;cJayonf? $ f JG h 1990 jynfEpf arv (27) &ufae@wiusi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG hS Gf h D kH D kd onf EdiiwumrSmuJo@kd 'Drua&pDtpd;k &w&yfuusi;f yay;cJaom a&G;aumufytrsK;d tpm;r[kwyg? kfH h kd h JG f jrefrmEdiiH 1960 jynfEp/f wdi;f jynfyygwrefa&G;aumufyuo@kd aom a&G;aumufyvnf;r[kwyg? EdiiH kf hS k D JG hJ JG f kf
523
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f awmftm%mudkodrf;,lcJhaom EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@. a=unmcsuftrSwf (188) tyd'f (1)/ pwkwtcsujf zpfonfh k txufygvyief;&yfrsm;jynfp+kH y;D v#if ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;[l kf h D kH D kd onft& usi;f ycJaoma&G;aumufyjJG zpfayonf? h h Tygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY rJqEN&ijf ynfovxonf *k%oum}uD;rm; D kH D kd JG S l l k f d Q aomZG/J owW/d oEMmefw@kd jzifh tm%mydiw@kd tm;&ifqiv#uf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (485) d kf kd f $ f kd f OD;udk a&G;cs,wifajrmufc=hJ uayonf? tqdyga&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf wEdiiH f k JG G kd kf vH;k wGif rJqENe,f (392) ae&mtEdi&&Scayonf? tzG@J csKyf. t"dur[mrdwygwrsm;jzpf=uaom trsK;d k f d hJ f D om;'Drua&pDygwrS jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (3) OD;ESihf rsK;d csp&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J rS jynfo@l kd D $ f kd f fJ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;cs,cc=hJ u&ojzifh tzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f pkpaygi;f f kd f fH $ f kd f k (396) OD;tEdi&&Scayonf? jynfovxw&yfv;kH u TuJo@kd wcJeufaxmufcray;onfu/kd trsK;d om; k f d hJ l l k h H_ 'Drua&pDz@JG csKyfu txl;tav;teufxm;a=umif;/ txl;*k%,a=umif;/ rSwwrf;wiftyfa=umif; kd f l f a=unmtyfayonf? a&G;aumufyY trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftEdi&jcif;onf jynfovxu tzG@J csKyf. ygwpkH JG kd kf l l k D 'Drua&pDa&G;aumufya=unmpmwrf;yg rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;udtaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&ef Oya' kd JG k ESitnD vkyyicihf ycJjh cif;jzpfayonf? wenf;tm;jzifh rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu,pm; Ekii.uH=urRmudk hf f kd f G S l l k kd f dfH zefw;D Edi&ef tzG@J csKyftm;wm0eftyfEif;vdujf cif; jzpfayonf? kf S k od@k jzpfygI tm%mydirsm;u a&G;aumufy&v'fEitnD jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;a&; kf JG S fh $ f wm0efudk qufvufaqmif&u&rnfjzpfayonf? rdrw@dk xwjf yefcaom jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyJG G f d k hJ $ f Oya' (Oya'trSwf 1489) tcef; (2)/ yk'r (3) wGif jymef;xm;onfh v$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS f f TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf hf kd f f kd f f [lonfEitnD aqmif&u&rnfjzpfayonf? aqmif&uay;&rnfwm0efvnf; rvGraoG&aeayonf? S hf G f G f h J dS v$wawmfz@JG pnf;jcif;onfa&G;aumufywm0ef,usi;f yay;cJaom tm%mydirsm;tay: Oya't& f JG l h kf wm0ef&ayonf? Oya'jymef;olonf Oya'ESitnD pDraqmuf&u&rnf? Oya'yolonf Oya'csK;d dS fh H G f azmufol rjzpfoihay? f trSefpifppf jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;a&;[lonf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu t}ur}f urawmif;qd&rnfuprsK;d r[kway? a&G;aumufytm; OD;pD;OD;aqmifusi;f yay;cJaom tm%m d df k h dP f JG h ydirsm;onf a&G;aumufyusi;f yay;+yD;aemuf wqufwnf;aqmif&u&rnfwm0efom jzpfayonf? kf JG G f h od@k aomf Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J Ediiawmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifpD kfH df kfH hf onf v$wawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;jcif;udk jiif;y,faeonf? Tonfrm EdiiawmfEiEiiom;rsm;ay: vlo&if f S kfH S hf kd f H dS =um;ay;cJ+h y;D jzpfaom atmufyguwdopPmrsm;udk tm%mydirsm;u azmufzsujf cif;jzpfayonf? kf 27-3-89 ae@uusi;f ycJaom (44) ESpajrmuf awmfvea&;ae@ (wyfrawmfae@) Y wyfrawmf h f Sf umuG,a&;OD;pD;csKyfu atmufygtwdi;f ajym=um;cJayonf? f k h wdk@wyfrawmf&J 'kwd,ajrmufta&;}uD;wJhwm0efuawmh EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf
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526
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f usi;f yrnfh a&G;aumufywif yg0ifa&G;aumufcir&S[k Oya'aemufa=umif;jyefIjyXmef;cJjh cif;? JG G G hf d (3) ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd atmifjrifpmusi;f ya&;vkyief;w&yftwGuf om D kH D kd JG G f a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif zG@J pnf;xm;cJaomfvnf; a&G;aumufy+JG y;D qH;k +y;D aemuf wGif JG h oufqi&mrJqENe,fwi,Of ydionfh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (od@k r[kw) rJqEN kd f Gf S f f kd f f f &Siw@kd . uef@uuav#mufxm;jcif;r&SbJ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wcsKd . a&G;aumufyueus f G f d f kd f f JG k f p&dwwifoi;f onfup&yfrsm;udk Oya'jyXmef;csuEiqef@usiI aumfr&Siuta&;,laqmif f G h dP f S hf f f &GucjhJ cif;? f (4) a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmf JG f f $ f ud,pm;vS,rsm;xHo@kd jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'rcGJ (8) ESitnD a&G;aumuf k f f $ f JG f hf wifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnfudk a=unmjcif;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH jyefwrf;wGifvnf; a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vS,tjzpf xnfoi;f a=unmcJ+h y;D jzpfaomfvnf; Tae@T&uftxd ,if;.t"duwm0efjzpf f h G aom t+y;D owftpD&ifcpm ay:xGuvmjcif;r&Sao;ay? od@k jzpf&m vGwvyfI w&m;r#waom H f d f a&G;aumufyJG atmifjrifpmusi;f yEdia&;twGuf zG@J pnf;cJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; G kf h D kH D kd aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. *k%oumxdcuvmcJ&jcif;? JG f f d Q kd f h (5) xd@k xuf *k%oumxdcuaomvky&yfrm ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG (6) f d Q kd f f S D kH D kd ESpajrmuf ESpywfvnftcrf;tem;ESihf 27-9-96 ae@usi;f yrnfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy. f f kd f Ediiv;kH qdi&mnDvmcHusi;f yjcif;tm; [ef@wm;onftaejzifh tzG@J 0ifrsm;tygt0if tzG@J csKyf kfH kf h ud,pm;yjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; (238) OD;tm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D / wcsKd @aom k f $ f kd f f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; t=uyfuiztm;ay;+cr;f ajcmufI Oya'ESiuunjD cif;r&SbJ f kd f f kd f d d hf kd f d EkwxuapcJjh cif;? f G f (6) jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;a&;ESiywfoufI (8) ESptxd tm%mykirsm;onf wm0efrhJ $ f hf f df ysuuura=umifh rJqEN&ijf ynfovx.qENEitnD trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu wdi;f f G f_ S l l k S hf kd k &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;yg0ifaom jynfo@l vwawmfw&yftm; ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef a=unmcsuf $ f trSwf - 35 (898) tm; xkwjf yefonftcg 1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmvrSpI tzG@J csKyf h S tzG@J 0if (615) OD;ESihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (200) tm; ppfwyfpcef;rsm;wGif Oya'rJh $ f kd f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJjh cif;? (7) zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;pOf wcsKd aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; enf;trsK;d $ f kd f f rsK;d jzifh zdtm;ay;t=uyfuiI Ekwxuapjcif;/ wcsKd aomud,pm;vS,rsm;tm; jynfo@l kd f f G f k f f qENtm; rsuu,f yI tzG@J csKyfuopPmazmuf&ef rufv;kH ay;odr;f oGi;f cJjh cif;/ jynfovx. f G kd l l k ppfreaomqENjzpfaom jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;a&;rluuipI &yfwnfcaom v$wf Sf $ f kd kd f JG hJ awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; ppfwyfpcef;rsm;Y (3) ESpcef@ rw&m;csKyfaESmifxm;cJjh cif;? kd f f f (8) wcsewnf;wGitm%mydirsm;onf if;wd@k .tpDtpOfjzifh twif;t=uyfwufa&muf df f kf apaom vlpkvla0;rsm;Y oufqdkif&mrJqENe,frsm;wGif w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaomjynfol@ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk t,Ht=unfr&S[k [pfatmfapjcif;/ a&G;aumufyJG Oya'yg f kd f f k d
527
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jyXmef;csursm;udk v#pv#L&_I jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk raxmufca=umif;/ f f $ f kd f f H vlxukd tEdiusivnpm;+y;D twif;t"rRvufrwa&;xd;k apjcif;? k k f hf S hf S f (9) ,ae@txd tusO;f axmifrsm;Y jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (17) OD;tm; tusO;f cs $ f kd f xm;jcif;? txufygenf;rsK;d pHjk zifh tm%mydirsm; u;d yrf;cJ=h uaomfvnf;/ 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pD kf hS D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufy&v'ftm;av;pm;a&;onf jrefrmEdiitwGi;f omru Ediiwumtodi;f t0di;f JG kfH kfH k k wGif txufoefq;kH vdvm;csu/f tjyif;jyqH;k qENjzpfvmayonf? 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pD taxG k hS D kH D kd axGa&G;aumufy&v'fonf 'Drua&pDukd jynfovxuvdvm;a=umif; jyovdujf cif;jzpfonf[aom JG kd l l k k k l urBmhukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHtoD;oD;.qHk;jzwfcsufudk jrefrmEdkifiHtm%mydkifrsm;u av;pm; vduem&efwm0ef&ayonf? ,ae@ Ediiwumtajctaeudk avhvmqef;ppfjyefv#if Ediiwumtodi;f k f dS kfH kfH k t0di;f . qENoabmxm;udypfy,fI tm%m&Sipepfukd xm0pOfwnfwatmif pGr;f aqmifEirnf k k f hH kd f [laomtcsuf xif&m;vmayonf// S rdrEiionf urBmuvor*~tzG@J wif tzG@J 0ifEiijH zpfonftm;avsmpm if;.qH;k jzwfcsuf d kd f H h k G kd f h fG rsm;udk av;pm;vduem+yD; tm%mydirsm;ud,wif a&;qGjJ yXmef;aom a&G;aumufyOya'jzifh }uD;r; k f kf k f kd JG usi;f yay;cJaom 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy&v'fEitnD jynfo@l vwf h hS D kH D kd JG S hf $ awmfw&yf tjrefq;kH ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef vdtyfayonf// k jynfol v$wawmfz@JG pnf;r_ryrcsi;f tm%mydirsm; ud,wiu jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG f kf k f kd f $ f Oya'udk csK;d azmufaeojzifh w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[laom tm%mydirsm;. au;G a=umfoukd tm%m kf H ydirsm;u ysu&,fy&musayonf// usi0wfoumt&vnf;aumif;/ w&m;Oya'pHEe;f t&vnf;aumif;/ kf f hf d Q _ rdrdjyXmef;xm;aomOya'rsm;udk oduQm&SdpGmdkaoav;pm;&ayrnf// ,ae@EdkifiHwumtajctaerSm tjynfjynfqdkif&mvl@tcGifhta&;a=unmpmwrf;ygpHE_ef;rsm;tm; w&m;rJhyusifhonfudkvufrcH=u awmhay// wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if EdiioEiiom;rsm;qENray;cJ=h uaom 1990 jynfEp/f a&G; k f H l kd f H J h S aumufy&v'fukd vspv#Lyxm;jcif;onf jrefrmEkiiyg0ifvufrwa&;xd;k xm;aom tjynfjynfqi&m JG f dfH S f kd f vl@tcGita&;a=unmpmwrf;yg atmufygtajccHrrsm;udqef@usiI csK;d azmufa=umif; jyo&ma&muf hf l k f ayonf// tyd'f (21) wGif k (1) vlwi;f wGif rdrEii.tkycsKyfa&;Y ud,wijf zpfap/ vGwvyfpma&G;cs,vuonfh kd d kd f H f k f kd f G f kd f ud,pm;vS,rsm;rSwqifjh zpfap yg0ifaqmif&uEici&onf k f f G f kd f G hf dS [lI jyXmef;xm;ayonf// ,if;tyd'f (21) yg tajccHrrsm;udqef@usijf cif;onf vl@tcGita&;csK;d azmuf k l k hf r_. tkyq;kd tusn;f wefaom oufaoom"ujzpfayonf// od@k jzpfI urBmuvor*~taxGaxG f h k nDvmcHuvnf;aumif;/ tjynfjynfqi&mvl@tcGita&;aumfr&Sitpnf;ta0;rsm;uvnf;aumif;/ kd f hf f 1990 jynfEp/f a&G;aumufy&v'fukd jynfovx.qENEitnD taumiftxnfazmfay;&ef t}ur}f urf hS JG l l k S hf d d tcgcg wnDw!Gwwnf; qH;k jzwfcsursm;csrwcayonf// f f S f hJ
528
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a&G;aumufy&v'fqonfrm rdrw@kd .qENtwdi;f jzpfrvmv#if rvdk rvdovdk yHyef;zsuypfI JG kd S d k k k f &aomt&mr[kway// wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if jynfovxw&yfv;kH .qENrt& tqH;k tjzwf f l l k J ay;cJaom 1990 jynhEp/f a&G;aumufy&v'futm%mydirsm;uav;pm;pGmrvGraoG taumiftxnf h fS JG kd kf J azmf&ef t"duwm0ef&ayonf// dS a&G;aumufy&v'futodtrSwf yjcif;onf jynfovx.oabmqENukd Oya't&vnf; JG kd l l k aumif;/ usi0wfoumt&vnf;aumif; daoav;pm;jcif;jzpfayonf// hf d Q k jynfol@qENudkwefzdk;xm;av;pm;todtrSwfyaom/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. a&G; aumufy&v'ftay:xm;&Saom oabmxm;&yfwnfcsuonf &Si;f vif;jywfom;ayonf// trsK;d om; JG d f 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu 28-5-98 ae@wif atmufygtwdi;f kd G k rde@f ce;f ajym=um;cJayonf// G h usrwdk@EdkifiH&JhtawG@tuHt& jznfhpGufajymqdkvdkwmuawmh a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;&if a&G;aumufy&v'fukd taumiftxnfazmfay;zd@k vnf; vdao;w,fqwhJ tcsuygy/J / a&G; JG k kd f aumufy&v'fukd taumiftxnfrazmfwm[m xrif;pm;zdw/f xrif;yGjJ yif/ pm;yGrmxdif JG JS k cdi;f +y;D rS rpm;&bl;qdjk y;D xrif;[if;awG jyef+y;D odr;f oGm;ovdygy? {nfonfawGukd apmfum;wJh k k J h vky&yfyg// 1990 ckEp/f a&G;aumufy&v'fukd taumiftxnfrazmfay;wm[m jynfow&yf f S JG l vH;k udk vdrvnfvnjhf zm; apmfum;&ma&mufw,f// f S tm%mydiawG[m rdrw@kd oabmruswhJ a&G;aumufy&v'fq&if vspv#L&SKvdu/f vdcsif kf d JG kd f k k wJ&v'fjzpfvmEd;k Ed;k a&G;aumufytopfawG usi;f yvdue@J vkyaer,fq&ifawmh wdi;f jynf&J h JG k f f kd k tem*wfe@J upm;&ma&mufygvrr,f/ wdi;jynf&J tem*wfqwm[m upm;&r,ft&m d hf kf kd h r[kwygb;l ? wav;wpm;eJ@ apmifa&Smufom;&r,fh t&momjzpfygw,f/ 'ga=umihf 1990 f h G jynfEp/f a&G;aumufy&v'fukd taumiftxnfrazmfbJ aemufa&G;aumufytopf usi;f ya&; hS JG JG udk trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyu vH;k 0vufcrmr[kwb;l vd@k qH;k jzwfxm;wmjzpfygw,f kd f HS f 1990 jynfEpa&G;aumufy&v'fukd tjrefq;kH taumiftxnfazmfay;zd@k vygw,f// yxr Sf JG kd ajcvSr;f taeeJ@ jynfo@l vwawmfac:ay;&ygvrr,f// $ f d hf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya't& v$wawmfqonfrm jynfo@l vwawmf udqonf $ f JG f kd S $ f k kd [k jyXmef;xm;ayonf// zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJ twnfyydkifcGifh tm%mom&Sdaom wdi;f jynfyv$wawmfr[kway// jynfo@l vwawmfqonfrm wdi;f jynf. zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya' k f f $ f kd S k f kH a&;qGtwnfyydicihf &Sonfomru Oya'ya&;/ tkycsKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mrsm;yg vkyyici&dS J kfG d f f kd f G hf ayonf? tb,fa=umifqaomf jynfo@l vwawmfqonfrm Ediiom;rsm;ud,pm; Ediiawmf.tcsKyf h h kd $ f kd S kfH k f kfH tjcmtm%mudk cH,usio;kH aom Ediiawmf. tjrifq;kH tm%mydirsm;tzG@J tpnf; jzpfayonf? l hf kfH h kf wdkif;jynfudk 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftjzpf wnfaqmufrnfqdkv#if tcsKyftjcm
529
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tm%monf jynfovxxrqif;ouf&rnf/ tpd;k &onf jynfovx. oabmqENtay: tajccH l l k HS l l k &rnf jzpfayonf? a&G;aumufy&v'fukd av;pm;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;[lonf jynfo@l qENukd dao JG k av;pm;jcif;jzpfayonf? od@k rom EdiitusK;d yvkyief;rsm;Y jynfovx. xufoefaomyl;aygi;f yg0ifr_ S kfH f l l k &&Srnfjzpfayonf? d ,ae@EdkifiHawmfwGif&ifqdkifae&aom EdkifiHa&;/pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ponfh taxGaxGt=uyf twnf;rsm;udk jynfovx. wcJeufaomtiftm;rsm; &,lIajz&Si;f Edi&ef taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;rSm l l k kf jynfovxu a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;aom l l k f kd f f v$wawmfrwqifh aqmif&ujf cif;yifjzpfayonf? f S G Tod@k aqmif&uEi&eftwGuf v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;u if;wd@k .wm0efrsm;udk xrf; G f kd f f kd f f aqmifcihf &&S&rnfjzpfayonf? jynfo@l vwawmf a&G;aumufyOya't& v$wawmfu,pm;vS, G d $ f JG f kd f f qdonfrmv$wawmfo@kd a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&oluqonf [kjyXmef;xm;ayonf? od@k aomf k S f kd kd v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;u ,ae@txd yxrt}urjf ynfo@l vwawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f y f kd f f d $ f Edijf cif;r&Sao;onfrm tm%mydirsm;. wm0efysuuuaer_a=umifh jzpfayonf? od@k twGuf trsK;d k d S kf f G f om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyEihf r[mrdwwi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;. jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (251) kd fS f kd kfH D $ f kd f OD;wd@k u aqmif&uEiciay;xm;ojzifh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm; w&m;0ifq;kH jzwfvyEicihf &Saom G f kd f G hf $ f kd f k f kd f G d 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrS wifajrmufvuaom jynfo@l vwawmfukd hS D kH D dk JG kd f $ f ud,pm;yonfaumfrwD (jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwD) udk zG@J pnf;xm;+y;D jzpfayonf? k f h $ f kd f EdiitwGuta&;w}u;D vdtyfaeaom zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'a&;qGa&;tygt0if EdiiH kfH f k f kH J kf tusKd;yvkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifpGmtaumiftxnfazmfEdkif&ef tm%mydkifrsm;taejzifh Oya't& jynfo@l vwawmf ac:,lz@JG pnf;jcif;ESihf v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; wm0efxrf;aqmifEiciw@kd tm; $ f f kd f f kd f G hf jiif;y,faejcif;rSm vH;k 0rjzpfoifh rjzpfxuay? Tod@k yvkyaeor#umvywfv;kH tm%mydirsm;onf kd f f kf jrefrmEdiiY ordi;f pmrsuEmopf zGivpEirnfr[kway? ordi;f pmrsuEmaemufzufve+f y;D rdrjd yXmef; kfH k fS hf S f kd f f k fS S cJaom Oya'/ trde@f / a=unmcsuEihf rdray;xm;cJaomuwdu0wfrsm;udk csK;d azmufotjzpf jrefrmEdiiH h fS d h l kf ordi;f Y raumif;aomxH;k om"u use&pfrnfomjzpfayrnf? ordi;f YtrJuu}f u;D useaernfjzpfonf? k f k G f xdk@tjyif tjynfjynfqdkif&mpHE_ef;t&vnf; jynfoljynfom;wdk@.qENonf tkyfcsKyfr_tm%m. tajccHjzpf&rnf[laom vl@tcGita&;/rlrsm;udk qef@usicsK;d azmufotjzpf urBmrwwrf;wGif use&pf hf f l hS f f rnfomjzpfayonf? jynfo@l vwawmfz@JG pnf;a&;[lonf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tay: Yvnf; wm0ef $ f $ f kd f f &Sayonf? txl;ojzifh tzG@J csKyfrjS ynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf rdrtm;qENray;vduonfh d $ f kd f f d J k f rJqEN&irsm;tay:wGif txl;wm0ef&ayonf? rJqEN&irsm;tm; av;pm;=u&rnf? ypfy,fIrxm;&? Sf dS Sf tzG@J csKyfu xkwjf yefxm;aom ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG a=unmpmwrf;yg tcsursm; D kH D kd f udk arhaysmufypfIr&? xdtcsursm;onf rJqEN&ijf ynfovxtay: 0efcuwday;xm;onfrsm; jzpfay k f S l l k H onf? wcsewnf;wGif rdrtm;ud,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf a&G;cs,wm0efay;vduaom tzG@J csKyftay: df d k f f f k f wGif opPm&S&rnf? tzG@J csKyfu owfrwxm;onfh pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk vduem=u&rnfjzpfayonf? d S f k f awG@qaqG;aEG;r_rwqifh jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;+y;D / 'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpEiiH jzpfay: kH S $ f kd k kd f
530
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f vma&;twGuf a&G;aumufyoufwrf; (13) ESpwif;wif;jynfcaom Tae@ T&uftxd rdrw@kd . JG f h hJ d touf/ ud,yivwvyfci/hf pD;yGm;a&;/ rdom;pk&yfwnfa&;wd@k upe@f vwtepfemcHum ud;yrf;cJ=h u k f kd f G f G kd G $ f aom/ u;d yrf;aeqJjzpfaom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tygt0if 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;tm; $ f kd f f kd *k%f yrSwwrf;wiftyfayonf? f Ediiwumtv,fwif qif;&JaomEdiitjzpfrS wd;k wufaomEdiijH zpfvma&;twGuf tajymif; kfH G kfH kf tvJvtyfcsursm;udk jznfpr;f Edi&ef trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;/ kd f hG kf kd aqG;aEG;yGjJ zpfay:vma&;wd@k ukd tpOfwpduf u;d yrf;cJayonf? ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufjcif;tqifrS Ediia&; k h _ h kfH t"dym,fjynf0aom awG@qaqG;aEG;r_ukd tjrefq;Hk pwif&ef trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKybufu t+rwrf; ` h kH kd f J toif&aeayonf? h dS wcsewnf;wGif rnfo@dk yiftcuftcJtwm;tqD; c&D;=urf;rsm;uawG@aeapumrl trsK;d om; df H 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vGwvyfI w&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyrwqifh jynfovxu rdrw@dk . 'Drkd kd f JG S l l k d ua&pDtcGita&;t& rdrw@kd uduEpouf&mtpd;k &udk zG@J pnf;Edi&ef a&G;aumufwifajrmufc+hJ yD;jzpfI hf d fSf kf cdirmaom ZG/J owW/d vH@k v/ 0D&,wd@k uqyuiv#uf jynfovxEitwl tajctaetcsetcgrsm;ESihf kf d kd k f kd f l l k S hf df qDav#mrnfh Ediia&;vkyief;rsm;udk aqmif&uom;rnfjzpfayonf? f kfH f G f G A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefrd 1365 ckESpf/ uqkefvjynfhausmf (12)&uf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (27)&uf? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf (97c)/ taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf; A[ef;re,f/ &efukefr a=unmcsuf 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif jynfo@l vwawmf D kH D kd JG hS G $ f a&G;aumufyOya'ESitnD tm%mydirsm;uusi;f yay;cJonf? tqdygOya'tm; 1988 ckEprpI JG hf kf h k SfS Ediiawmftm%mudor;f ,lcaom tm%mydirsm;u xkwjf yeftwnfycJjh cif;jzpfonf? tqdyga&G; kfH k d hJ kf k aumufyonf vGwvyfI w&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf[k if;wd@k uyif0efcconf? JG f H hJ 2? (1) od@k aomf tm%mydirsm;onf a&G;aumufy+JG yD;onftcg/ vGwvyfI w&m;r#waom kf h f a&G;aumufy[qygv#uf a&G;aumufyOya't& a&G;aumufy&v'fukd taumiftxnfazmfay;& JG k kd JG JG rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ,ae@ (14) ESpwiwitxd vspv#L_xm;+y;D / jynfo@l vwawmfukd ac:,lray;cJay? f kd f kd f f $ f h (2) jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (3) u Tod@k twdtvif; &Si;f vif;jywfom;pGm $ f JG f
531
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jyXmef;xm;onf? if;wd@k rm S v$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wf f hf kd f awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf[k jzpfonf? t"dyg` ,rm jynfo@l vwawmfukd kd f f fS $ f ac:ay;&rnf jzpfonf? (3) xdo@kd wuspmjyXmef;xm;ygv#uEihf ,if;Oya'udrvduembJ tm%mykirsm;u jynfo@l k d G fS k k f df v$wawmfukd ac:,lay;cJjh cif;r&SbJ vH;k 0ysuuucayonf? jynfo@l vwawmfac:ay;&ef if;wd@k wif f d f G f hJ $ f G wm0eftjynft0&Sonf? h d 3? a&G;aumufyEihf ywfoufI/ tm%myditoD;oD;wd@k . ajym=um;csursm;udk xkwazmf&rnf jzpfay JG S kf f f onf? (1) ,cifwyfrawmfumuG,a&;OD;pD;csKyfu 23-9-88 &ufae@wif f G u|eawmfw@kd wawG[m wyfrawmfom;awGjzpf=uygw,f? wyfrawmfom;rsm;eJ@ zG@J pnf; f xm;wJh u|eawmfw@kd tzG@J tpnf;taeeJ@vnf; Ediiaus;Zl;opPmudc,xm;wJh tzG@J tpnf; f k f hH kH l jzpfvdk@ EdkifiHawmfESifhEdkifiHom;rsm;tay: 0efcHxm;&Sd+yD;jzpfwJh uwdopPmudk rnfodk@aom ta=umif;a=umifr# y,fzsu/f azmufzsurmr[kwa=umif; ,H=k unfxm;&S=d uapvdygw,f h fS f k [kvnf;aumif;/ (2) 27-3-89 &uf awmfvea&;ae@wif Sf G wd@k wyfrawmfom;awGtzd@k uawmh ppfwef;vsm;udjk yefom;+y;D wd@k &J rlvt"duwm0ef}u;D G jzpfwhJ tckajym&rSmyg0ifwwm0ef}uD;awGukd OD;vnfrokef qufvufud;yrf;aqmif&uf hJ G oGm;&rSmyJjzpfw,f [kvnf;aumif;/ (3) wzef 3-7-90 &ufae@wif G ygwpa&G;aumufy+JG y;D &if bmvky=f urvJ/ zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'a&;zd@k yjJ zpfw,f? e0w D kH k u ra&;bl;qdwm ajym+y;D +yy? w&m;cHvnf; tjzpfrcHEib;l k DJ kd f tajccHOya'udk ta&G;cH&wJygwtzG@J tpnf;awGu v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awG ndEi;f h D f kd f f _d +y;D vky=f u&r,fupP [kvnf;aumif; wdi;f jynfo@kd twdtvif;ajym=um;cJonf? h d k h (4) ,cif Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J twGi;f a&;r; (1) (,ck Ediiawmf0ef}uD;csKyf kfH f kfH AdvcsKyf}u;D cif!e@f ) u 13-7-90 &ufae@wiusi;f yaom t}udrf (100) ajrmuf owif;pm&Si;f k f G Gf vif;yGY J tJ'vkd cdirmwJtajccHOya'ay:xGe;f a&;[m/ a&G;aumufyrmtEdi&wJh Ediia&;ygwD D kf h JG S k f kfH rsm;u Ediiawmfe@J jynfovxw&yfv;kH &J @a&&SntusK;d pD;yGm;udk ar#mawG;+y;D awmh aqmif kfH l l k f f &Guom;=u&rSmjzpfygw,f? zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'a&;qGa&;wm0ef[m Ediia&;ygwrsm;&J f G k J kfH D wm0efomjzpfygw,f [kvnf;aumif;/ (5) 11-9-91 &ufae@wif usi;f yaom (104) }urajrmufowif;pm&Si;f vif;yGYvnf; G df J e0wtaeeJ@ Ediiawmfz@JG pnf;yHtajccHOya'udra&;bl;? jynfo@l u,pm;vS,awGu kfH k k kd f f a&;zd@k jzpfw,f? tJ'vwwvif;vif;ajymcJwtwdi;f ,cka&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&wJh D kd d d h hJ k
532
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Ediia&;ygwtoD;oD;u jynfo@l u,pm;vS,awGe@J wuG t"duEdiia&;ygwu 'Dupukd kfH D kd f f kfH D dP OD;pD;OD;aqmify&rSmyJjzpfygw,f [kvnf;aumif; ajym=um;cJayonf? h (6) 27-7-90 &ufpyg Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . a=unmcsutrSwf (190) tyd'f JG k f H df f k (12) wGivnf; f (u) v$wawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;jcif;udk Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; f kfH df tzG@J u aqmif&uay;rnf [k vnf;aumif;/ G f if;jyif ,if;a=unmcsuf tyd'f (20) Yvnf; k (c) ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforsm;ua&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom ud,f l kd f k pm;vS,rsm;onf tem*wf'rua&pDEiiawmfz@JG pnf;yHtajccHOya'uda&;qG=J u&ef wm0ef&dS f D kd kd f H k k onfy*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfonf [k vnf;aumif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJayonf? hk h (7) ,cif Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J twGi;f a&;r; (1) (,ck Ediiawmf0ef}uD;csKyf kfH f kfH AdvcsKyf}u;D cif!e@f ) u 11-9-90 &ufae@wif k f G G (u) tckvkd vGwvyf+yD;w&m;r#wwJh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf f D kH D kd yGJ}uD;udk rlvowfrSwfxm;wJhtwdkif; atmifatmifjrifjrif usif;yay;cJhwm[m e-0-w tzG@J taeeJ@ tm%mv$ajymif;ay;csiv@kd yvyay;cJjh cif; jzpfygw,f? t%mv$ay;zd@k qENr&Sb;l / J f J kf J d &nf&,csur&Sb;l qd&if tJ'a&G;aumufyJG vkyay;p&mta=umif;r&Sb;l ? &Si;f aeygw,f G f f d k D f d (c) Ediiawmftm%mudk v$ajymif;ay;tyfcsiwqENr&Sb;l ? &moufyeftm%m kfH J f hJ d udqyuixm;vdw,fqwhJ pGypcsuawG[m tckxrukeao;ygb;l ? Ediiawmftm%mudk k k f kd f k kd f JG f d f kfH &moufyef qkyuixm;vdw,fq&if jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufy}JG u;D udk tckvkd u;d u;d f kd f k kd $ f pm;pm;vkyay;p&mta=umif;r&Sygb;l ? Ediiawmftm%mudvajymif;ay;zd@k rlvuwnf;u f d kfH k J$ qEN&v@kd om a&G;aumufy}JG u;D udk yvkyay;cJwmyJjzpfw,fqwm oabmayguoifygw,f dS f h dk f h [lIvnf; ajym=um;cJayonf? h (*) ,cifEiijH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D OD;tke;f a*smuvnf; (45) }urajrmuf ukvo kd f f df r*~taxGaxGnvmcHY 9-10-90 &ufae@wif us,jf yef@wtrsK;d om;nDvmcHw&yfukd D G hJ vnf; ac:,lusi;f yay;rSm jzpfygw,f? zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'opfa&;qGz@kd uawmh ta&G;cH&wJh k J ud,pm;vS,awG&J wm0efyjJ zpfygw,f [k urBmEiitoD;oD;. ud,pm;vS,rsm;tm; k f f h kd f H k f f ajym=um;cJonf? h 4? 200304 ckEpf (58) }urajrmuf ukvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH wwd,aumfrwDu S df D 'Drua&pDujkd yefvnfwnfaqmuf&efEihf 1990 ckEp/f a&G;aumufy&v'ftm;av;pm; kd S S JG &ef/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf.tjcm;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf 'Drua&pD kd kd ul;ajymif;a&;ESihf trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;wd@k ukd wduuO;D wnf+yD; wnfwci+f rJI k f kd f hH kd aphpyfaocsmpGmzG@J pnf;xm;aom awG@qaqG;aEG;a&;udcsucsi;f pwif&ef/ TaqG;aEG;jcif;wGif kH k f apmapmtqifY wdi;f &if;om;tzG@J rsm;.ud,pm;vS,rsm;tygt0if Ediia&;acgi;f aqmifrsm; h k k f f kfH yg0if&ef ponfw@kd ukd wnDw!Gwwnf;/ rJcjJG cif;rybJ qH;k jzwfconf? f hJ 5? ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;csKyfonf jrefrmEdiitoGiu;l ajymif;a&;ESiywfoufI atmufyg kfH f hf
533
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f twdi;f ajym=um;cJonf k h jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiivxu ajymif;vJrEihf xdajymif;vJrr&&Saom tusK;d aus;Zl;rsm; kfH l k _S k _S d twGu/f umv&Sn=f umpGmapmifqi;f cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? olw@kd vnf; ajymif;vJrtwGuf 1990 h kd _ ckEpwif qENray;cJonf? olw@kd onf tdre;D csi;f Ediirsm;&Sd olw@kd . rJqEN&irsm;uJo@kd pD;yGm;a&;/ Sf G J h f kfH Sf h trsm;jynfoEiqiaomudp&yfrsm;/ vlra&;ESiEiia&;wd;k wufrrsm;. wlnaomtusK;d l S hf kd f P _ hf kd f H _ D aus;Zl;rsm;udk awG@ucpm;&ef &oif&xduygonf HH h k f 6? jrefrmEdiionf ukvor*~tzG@J 0if wEdiijH zpfaevifupm;/ ukvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH toD;oD;. kfH kf h D qH;k jzwfcsursm;udk tav;rxm;/ vspv#L_aeonf? f f 7? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[k t}udr}f udrajym=um;I auG;a=umfaeaomtm%mydirsm;onf/ jynfo@l f kf v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (3) t&vnf;aumif;/ ausnmcsutrSwf (190)/ tyd'f (12) f JG f f k t& vnf;aumif;/ wdi;f jynfo@kd uwdu0wfyxm;onfrsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ rJqEN&ijf ynfovx. k S l l k wcJeufaxmufcHr_t&vnf;aumif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk ac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;&ayrnf? v$wfawmf ac:,lray;jcif;onf w&m;Oya' pdk;rdk;a&;[lonfESifh qef@usifaeonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk ac:,lz@JG pnf;ray;rcsi;f rnfo@kd aomta=umif;jycsujf zifh rnfonfenf;vrf;udk usio;kH onfjzpfap/ h hf rnfo@kd aomtajctaeESihf rnfonftcsewirqd/k ,if;a&G;aumufy&v'fEihf ywfoufI ysujf y,f h df Gf JG S rnfr[kway? TuJo@kd yvkyorsm;onf jynfo@l qENtppftrSeukd rsuu,f y=uolrsm;jzpfojzifh f h f l f f G om;pOfajr;quf emrnfaooGm;+y;D ordi;f w&m;cHrsm;jzpfom;ayvdrrnf? k G hf 8? a&G;aumufyusi;f y+y;D aemuf (14) ESp=f umonfwiatmif jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lray;jcif;onf/ JG h dk f $ f rnfo@kd aomta=umif;jycsujf zifjh zpfap jzpfoifjh zpfxuonfr[kway? a&G;aumufy&v'fukd jiif;y,f kd f f JG olrsm;onf yjyifajymif;vJa&;udvvm;=uolrsm;r[kway? urBmwGif rnfonfEiiwir# TuJo@kd k kd f h kd f H G f h yrlusi=hf uHjcif;r&Sacs? urBmtv,fwif t&Su&odumusap+yD;/ jrefrmhordi;f wGif azsmufzsuI d h G f Q k f r&aomtrnf;puf}uD;jzpfaernf? 9? a&G;aumufyusi;f y+yD;/ a&G;aumufy&v'fukd taumiftxnfrazmfay;jcif;onf/ tvGe@f tvGef JG JG tusn;f weftkyq;kd onf? if;jyif wdi;f jynfukd 'Drua&pDEiixaxmifay;rnf[k t}ur}f urajym f k kd kd f H l d df aeaomfvnf;/ a&G;aumufy&v'futaumiftxnfrazmfay;jcif;onf ppfreaom'Drua&pDukd JG kd Sf kd a&S;_onfr[kwa=umif; xif&m;onfomru/ tvGeq;kd &Gm;onfh tpOftvmjzpfaoma=umifh f S f wdi;f jynfEijhf ynfovxtusK;d twGuf vH;k 0vufrcHEiay? ,ckuwnf;u jynfo@l qENukd av;pm; k S l l k kd f vduemjcif;r&Sv#i/f aemifa&G;aumufyrsm;.&v'frsm;udvnf; tm%mydirsm;u av;pm;vduf k f d JG k kf k emrnf[k jynfovxu ,H=k unf&efcufcayvdrrnf? l l k J hf 10? if;jyif 1990 ckEpwif rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu if;wk@d .ud,pm; wdi;f jynfta&;udprsm;udaqmif Sf G S l l k k f k P k &Gu&ef qENray;jcif;jzifh vkyyicirsm;tyfEi;f xm;+y;D jzpfonf? a&G;aumufy&v'ftm; todtrSwf f J f kd f G hf S JG yjcif;onf rJqEN&ijf ynfovx.qENukd av;pm;jcif;rnfayonf? rnfonftm%mydirqdk jynfol S l l k h kf vlx.qENukd av;pm;=u&p+rjJ zpfonf? jynfovxuvnf; a&G;aumufy&v'fukd taumiftxnf k l l k JG azmfay;&ef jyif;jyaomqENrsm;&SaeqJjzpfonf? d 11? rsuarSmufacwf Ediiwumtajctaersm;udavhvm=unfv#i/f yjyifajymif;vJrukd trSewu,f f kfH k h _ f
534
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f vdvm;aom ppftm%m&Sirsm;yif jynfo@l qENuav;pm;I wdi;f jynfucspjf rwfE;kd aompdwjf zifh rdru k f kd k kd d }uD;r;usi;f yay;cJaom a&G;aumufy&v'fukd todtrSwf yonfh oufaoom"ursm;&Sayonf? h JG d a&G;aumufy&v'fukd todtrSwf yjcif;onf jynfo@l qENoabmxm;udk Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ JG usi0wfoumt&vnf;aumif; daoav;pm;jcif;rnfayonf? a&G;aumufy&v'fqonfrm rdrw@kd hf d Q k JG kd S d .qENtwki;f jzpfrvmv#i/f rvdv#irvkovdk yHyef;zsuypfI&aom t&mr[kway? d k f d k f f 12? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKytaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;a':atmifqef;pk=unfu 28-5-98 ae@wif kd f G tm%mydiawG[m rdrw@kd oabmruswa&G;aumufy&v'fq&if vspv#K_vu/f vdcsiwhJ kf d hJ JG kd f kd k f &v'fjzpfvmEd;k Ed;k a&G;aumufytopfawGusi;f yvdue@J vyaer,fq&ifawmh wdi;f jynf&J JG k f kf kd k tem*wfe@J upm;&ma&mufygvrr,f? wdi;jynf&tem*wfqwm[m upm;&r,ft&m d hf kf J kd h r[kwygb;l ? wav;wpm;eJ@apmifa&Smufom;&r,ft&mom jzpfygw,f? f h G h 1990 jynfhESpfa&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfay;zdk@vdkygw,f? yxrajcvSr;f taeeJ@ jynfo@l vwawmfac:ay;&ygvrr,f [k ajym=um;cJonf? $ f d hf h 13? tcsernfr#=um=um trSew&m;qdonfrm ordi;f wGiajymif;vJom;jcif;r&Sovd/k aysmufu,om; df f k S k f G d G f G rnfvnf;r[kwfay? trSefw&m;udkacszsufI&rnfvnf;r[kwfyg? Ta=unmpmyg tcsufrsm; rSerrSeqonfukd tem*wfu oufaojyvdrrnf? f f kd hf 14? 1990 ckEpa&G;aumufywitEdi&&Scaom trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. a&G;aumufya=unm Sf JG G f k f d hJ kd JG pmwrf;ygtcsursm;onf wdi;f jynfEijhf ynfovxtwGuf a&wda&&Snf tusK;d pD;yGm;rsm;udk xif[yf f k S l l k k azmfjyaeonfomru/ wdi;f jynf.,ae@tajctaeESivnf; vH;k 0udunaeayonf? ,if;tcsursm; k hf k f D f udk avhvmjcif;r&S/d acwftjrifacwftawG;vnf;r&Saom tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf yk*Kd~ vfrsm;uom a&G; d aumufyusi;f y+y;D (14) ESp=f umoGm;+yjD zpfI ,ae@tajcaeESirudun[k odrzsi;f pGmpGypajym=um; JG hf k f D f f JG aejcif;jzpfayonf? 15? ,if;a&G;aumufywif wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if rJqEN&ijf ynfovx. wdi;f jynfukd ppfreaom JG G S l l k k Sf 'Drua&pDEiiawmfwnfaqmufa&;[laom qENtppftrSeukd tm%mydirsm;u rjzpfraetaumif kd kd f H f kf txnfazmfay;vmap&ef jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf rJqEN&ijf ynfovxwif }u;D av; $ f kd f f S l l k G aomwm0efrsm;&Sa=umif;/ wdi;f jynf. ,ae@jzpfay:aeaom Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;ponfh t=uyf d k kfH _ twnf;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f Edi&ef jynfovxuvkyyicitm%mtyfEi;f xm;aom jynfo@l vwawmf kf l l k f kd f G hf S $ f ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;onfh jynfo@l vwawmfrwyg; tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sa=umif; trsK;d om; k f f $ f S d 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu av;eufpma=unmvduonf? kd G k f A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefrd 1366 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; (9) &uf? 2004 ckESpf/ arv (27) &uf?
535
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajrmufvdkufaom jynfol@v$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;yonfhaumfrwD (jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;yaumfrwD). (6) ESpfajrmufae@wGif xkwfjyefaoma=unmcsuf ( 16-9-03 ) &ufae@rS ( 16-9-04 ) &ufae@txd 1990 jynfEpwif usi;f y+y;D pD;cJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyonf Ediiawmf hSf G h D kH D kd JG kfH at;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifpD tm%mydirsm;u usi;f yyvkyay;onfa&G;aumufyjJG zpf+y;D / vGwf hf kf f h vyfI w&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyvnf;jzpfayonf? od@k &mwGif a&G;aumufyusi;f y+y;D pD;cJonfrm (14) JG JG h S ESpf ausmvec+hJ yjD zpfaomfvnf;/ tm%mydirsm;onf tqdyga&G;aumufy.&v'fukd taumiftxnf f Gf kf k JG azmfay;jcif; (jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lusi;f yay;jcif;) tvsi;f r&Sonftjyif/ a&G;aumufy.&v'fukd $ f d h JG ysujf y,fom;aprnfh vky&yfrsm;udom pOfqufrjywfvyaqmifvmcJayonf// wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&; G f k kf h k kfH ygwrsm;tygt0if/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lEia&;twGuf u;d yrf;tm; D kd $ f kd f xkwrrsm;udvnf; zrf;qD;/ axmifcsrrsm;jzifh [ef@wm;aESmif,ucayonf// f_ k _ h S f hJ xd@k twl jynfo@l vwawmfay:aygua&;udk taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u&ef/ jynfo@l vwf $ f f G f $ awmfu,pm;yaumfrwDuz@JG pnf;cJonfrmvnf; ,ae@qv#if (6) ESpwif;wif; jynfajrmufcay+yD// kd f kd h S kd f h hJ jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;yaumfrwDonf rdrw@kd .&nfre;f csuukd taumiftxnfazmf&ef tm;oGecef $ f kd f d S f fG pduf u;d yrf;vkyaqmifcaomfvnf; tm%mydirsm;. jyif;xefaom[ef@wm;/ aESmif,urrsm;a=umif/h k f hJ kf h S f_ jynfo@l vwawmfum; ray:ayguao;ojzif/h jynfo@l vwawmfac:,la&;twGuf qufvufud;yrf; $ f f $ f &ayrnf// jrefrmEdiiukd 'Drua&pDEiitjzpf jyefvnfwnfaqmufrnfqygu/ 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;/ kfH d kd f H kd kd hf 'Drua&pDvyenf;vky[efusipOfrsm;ud/k av;pm;vduem/ usio;kH jcif;jzifh pwif=u&ayrnf// jynfo@l kd kf f hf k f hf qENu&,ljcif;/ jynfow@kd .qENuav;pm;vduemjcif;wd@k onf/ 'Drua&pDusipOf. t"duusaom kd l kd k f kd hf tajccHrrsm;vnf; jzpfayonf// jynfo@l qENukd av;pm;vduemonftaejzifh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG l k f h D kH D kd a&G;aumufyusi;f yI/ jynfow@kd .vGwvyfonfqENEitnD/ jynfo@l u,pm;vS,rsm;uda&G;cs,=f u& JG l f h S hf kd f f k rnf// jynfo@l ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzif/h jynfo@l vwawmfukd ac:,lusi;f yay;&rnf// a&G;aumufy.&v'fukd k f f $ f JG todtrSwry jcif;/ ysujf y,fatmifvyjf cif;wd@k onf 'Drua&pDtajccHrrsm;udypfy,fonftjyif/ jynfol f k kd l k h wd@k .qENukd rsuu,f y&mvnf;a&mufayonf// xd@k jyif a&G;aumufy&v'fonf rdrar#mvifxm;onfh f G JG d f h twdi;f jzpfrvmygu/ a&G;aumufy.&v'fukd jiif;y,fI/ aemufw}ura&G;aumufyusi;f y&ef yvkyrnf k JG df JG f qdygu/ vl@usi0wfoumt&yifv#if rav#muef roifjh rwfaomvky&yfom jzpfayonf// k hf d Q f f 1990 jynfEpwif usi;f yyvkycaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyonf vGwvyfI hSf G f hJ D kH D kd JG f w&m;r#wonfa&G;aumufyjJG zpf+y;D / jynfow@kd .qENtppftrSevnf; jzpfayonf// tqdyg a&G;aumufyJG h l f k &v'fukd todtrSwf y/ taumiftxnfazmfjcif;onf/ jynfow@kd .qENutav;xm;jcif;/ 'Drua&pD l kd kd usifhpOfudk av;pm;vdkufemjcif;rnfayonf// xdk@a=umifh jzpfEdkifor#enf;vrf;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fv#uf rnfo@kd aomtcuftcJrsm;udk &ifqi&onfjzpfap/ cdirmonfpw"mwf/ 0D&,wd@k jzifh jynfo@l vwawmf kd f kf hd f d $ f ay:aygua&;ud/k qufvufIu;d yrf; aqmif&u=f u&rnfjzpfayonf? f G
536
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lusi;f ya&;tygt0if/ jrefrmEdii&ifqif uHawG@ae&aom taxGaxG $ f k f H kd t=uyftwnf;rsm;udajz&Si;f a&;onf wrsK;d om;vH;k .wm0efjzpfouJo@kd trsK;d om;tiftm;pktm;vH;k k h aygif;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;udk aqmif&Gufae=u&rnfhwm0efonfvnf; trsKd;om;a&;wm0efjzpfayonf// trsK;d om;aygi;f pnf;nD!wa&;twGu/f wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSmvnf; awG@qaqG;aEG;ndEi;f tajz&Sm G f kH d_ a&;yifjzpfonf// wdi;f jynfEivrsK;d twGuf taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;jzpfayonf// k S hf l trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfEihf wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;onf awG@qaqG;aEG;a&;udk tpOf kd S k kfH D kH wpduf wduwe;f awmif;qdcayonf// Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG zd;a&;aumifpurl/ zrf;qD;/ k k f G k hJ kfH hf D axmifcs/ [ef@wm;/ aESmif,uonfvy&yfrsm;udk enf;rsK;d pHo;kH I/ Ediia&;ygwrsm;udk yuJG cse@J om;ap&ef h S f h kf k kfH D d d G wpdurwfrwfvyaqmifcayonf// Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG zd;a&;aumifponf vkyoifh k f k f hJ kfH hf D f vkyfxdkufonfudk yDyDjyifjyifvkyfaqmifay;jcif;jzifh trsKd;om;tiftm;pkrsm;tcsif;csif; ,Hk=unfr_wdk@ wnfaqmuf&rnftpm; ,H=k unfruif;rJ+h y;D / nD!wa&;udk ysujf ym;aprnfvy&yfrsm;udom tpOfwpduf h _ G f h kf k k vkyaqmifcayonf// f hJ Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifponf/ 1990 jynfEpwi/f rdru,wiusi;f y kfH hf D h S f G d kd f kd f ay;cJonf/h vGwvyfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufy&v'fukd todtrSwf y taumiftxnfazmf&ef ysuf h f JG uGucayonf// v$wawmfac:&rnftpm;/ 190 a=unmcsuukd xkwjf yefconf// rdru,wif xkwjf yef f hJ f h f hJ d kd f kd xm;aom xda=unmcsuyg a&G;aumufyOya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk aqmif&u+f yD;onftcg jynfo@l k f JG G h v$wfawmfudk ac:,lusif;yay;rnf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk a&G;cs,fcH&onfhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;rnf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk a&;qGJ&ef wm0ef&onf ponftcsursm;udk vspv#L_onftjyif/ tpOfwpduay;cJonfh uwdu0wfrsm;udvnf; dS h f f h k f h k azmufzsuconf// vlxqENukd wcJeuf&&Sxm;aom trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. awG@qaqG;aEG;&ef f hJ k d kd kH awmif;qdcsuuvnf; tav;rrl/ *krpdubJ v#pv#L_conf// 'Drua&pDEiiawmfukd wnfaqmuf k f kd k f f hJ kd kd f H rnf[k au;G a=umfaeaomfvnf;/ a&G;aumufy&v'fukd jiif;y,fjcif;tm;jzifh 'Drua&pD. tajccHjzpfaom JG kd jynfo@l qENukd av;pm;vduem&ef ysuuuconf// tqdyga&G;aumufy.&v'fukd ausmvm;ysujf y,f k f f G f hJ k JG f $ aprnftpDtrHrsm;udvnf;/ tuGucsI pDrcsujf zifh vkyaqmifvmcJonf// h k f H f h od@k &mwGif Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (18) kfH f S &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSw- 188 jzif/h atmufygvyief;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&ef/ Ediiawmf G f f kf kfH tm%mt&yf&yfukd vH;k 0wm0ef,vuonf[k wdi;f jynfo@kd twdtvif;a=unmcJygonf? l kd f k h (u) ( c) ( *) (C) txufygvyief;&yfrsm;jynfp+kH y;D v#if ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;/ kf h D kH D kd JG ,if;tcsurm wdi;f jynftm%mudor;f ,lcpOfu &[ef;/ &Siv/l jynfo/l ausmif;om; ausmif; fS k k d hJ f olw@kd tm;ay;cJaom uwdu0wfrsm;jzpfonf// ,if;uwdu0wft& Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmuf h kfH df a&;tzG@J . aemufq;kH wm0efjzpfaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd usi;f y+yD;jzpfI/ ,if; D kH D kd JG &v'fukd av;pm;vduem+y;D / taumiftxnfazmfay;&efom&Sonf// ,if;a&G;aumufyukd vspv#L_+y;D / k f d JG f
537
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f aemufxyf a&G;aumufytopfukd usi;f yyvkycir&Sawmhay// JG f G hf d xd@k tjyif jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r - 3 wGif v$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS $ f JG f f TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf[k hf kd f f kd f f twdtusjyXmef;aoma=umifh w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[lonft& jynfo@l vwawmfukd rvGraoGac: $ f J ay;&ef vH;k 0wm0ef&ayonf// Oya't& ,if;v$wawmfuac:,l zG@J pnf;ray;bJ/ aemufxyf a&G;aumufyJG dS f kd wckukd usi;f yyvky&ef Oya't& tcGitm%mvH;k 0r&Syg? f hf d Tod@k t}ur}f urtxyfxyf/ Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H z;d a&;aumifp.vky&yfrsm; d df kfH D f a=umif/h trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;twGi;f ,H=k unfrysujf ym;apcJayonf? ,if;wd@k teuf/ tqd;k 0g;qH;k _ h vky&yfrm 2003 ckEp/f arv (30) &uf 'Dy,if;vky=f ur}_ u;D yifjzpfayonf? 'Dy,if;vky=f uronf w&m;0if f S S J H J H_ EdkifiHa&;ygwDw&yf.acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhtzGJ@0ifrsm;u/ jynfoltwGif; vGwfvyfpGmoGm;vmv_yf&Sm; pnf;k;H r_u/kd uwiftpDtrHjzif/h tiftm;oH;k I zcwucut=urf;zufonfvy&yf jzpfayonf? xdo@kd d d JG kd f kd f h kf k vltrsm; aoa=u/ '%f&m&/ ypPn;f rsm;qH;k H;_ onfvy&yfonf txift&Sm;jzpfygvsu/f w&m;cHrsm;udk h kf pHprf;azmfxw/f tjypfay;jcif;r&Sonftjyif/ vky=f uc&onfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS acgi;f aqmif k k d h HH kd rsm;/ tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ jynforsm;udom zrf;qD;/ axmifcs/ ta&;,lcayonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfEihf l k hJ S OD;wifO;D wd@k uvnf; ,ae@wif v$way;jcif;r&Sao;ay? ,if;tcsursm;udaxmufj_ cif;tm;jzifh 'Dy,if; kd kd f d f k J vky=f uronf/ w&m;vufvwf yrljcif;/ w&m;Oya'uif;rJ+h y;D / rif;rJpkuqefjcif;/ 'Drua&pDtcGita&; H_ G h d f kd hf rsm;udk wduucsK;d azmufjcif;jzpf+y;D / Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifp. tajymESitvkyf k f dk f kfH hf D hf rnDaom/ 'Drua&pDukd &GH rke;f acszsuonfvy&yfvnf;jzpfayonf? kd f h kf tqdygvy&yfrsm;a=umif/h Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H zd;a&;aumifptay:/ Ediia&; k kf kfH D kfH ygwrsm;/ wdi;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf jynfow&yfv;kH u/ ,H=k unfruif;rJum/ trsK;d om;jyefvnf D k l _ h oifjh rwfa&;vkyief;pOfuvnf;/ qd;k qd;k &Gm;&Gm;xdcuapcJayonf? Ediiwumtv,fwivnf;/ *k%f f kd kd f h kfH Gf odumnK;d EGr;f usqif;cJ&onf? Q h vuf&jdS refrmEdii.tajctaeonf Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra&;/ tppt&m&m kfH kfH _ ,d,i;f usqif;aeonftjyif/ trsK;d om;nD!wa&;vnf;ysujf ym;vsu&ayonf? Ttajctaet&yf k G h G f f dS &yfonf/ taxGaxGtusytwnf;w&yfukd jzpfay:apvsu/f jrefrmEdii.tem*wfa&;twGuf tvGef f kfH pd;k &drz,aumif;aom tajctaejzpfay:vsu&ayonf? taxGaxGtusytwnf;rS vGwajrmuf a&;ESihf fG f f dS f f wdi;f jynfukd jyefvnfyjyifwnfaqmufa&;onf/ oufqi&mEdiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; toD;oD; wd@k . k kd f k f H D wm0efjzpfouJo@kd / wrsK;d om;vH;k rvGJraoGaqmif&u=f u&rnfh trsK;d om;a&;wm0efvnf;jzpf ayonf? h G xd@k a=umifh trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm; aygi;f pnf;nD!wa&;ud/k r&raewnfaqmuf=u&rnf jzpfayonf? G f xdo@kd aygi;f pnf;nD!waomtm;jzifh ,d,i;f usqif;aeonfh Ediiawmfukd yjyifwnf aqmuf=u&ayrnf? k G f k G kfH jzpfysufcJhor#aom jy\emt00udkvnf;/ acszsufEdkifor#acszsuf+yD;/ oHo,pdwfrsm;/ pdwf0rf; uGJjym;r_rsm;udk ajyaysmufEdkif&efud;pm;=u&rnf? rnfodk@yifjzpfap ,ae@umvonf/ 'Drdkua&pD EdkifiHawmfudkwnfaqmufa&;twGuf a&S_onfh 'Drdkua&pDtajccHaumif;rsm;udk tpysKd;vkyfaqmif ay;jcif;jzifh/ trsKd;om;tiftm;pktcsif;csif; ,Hk=unfr_udk pwifwnfaqmuf=u&rnfh tcsdeftcgjzpf ayonf?
538
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f odk@&mwGif/ EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@zd;a&;aumifpDonf/ Todk@vkyfaqmif&rnfh tpm;/ rdrwzG@J wnf;/ wzufowftpDtpOfjzifh vrf;!erl (7) csuucsrwum/ trsK;d om;nDvmcHukd d f f kd S f usi;f yvsu&ayonf? tqdyg nDvmcHonf/ trsK;d om;w&yfv;kH . ,H=k unftm;ud;k xduaom/ trsK;d f dS k k f om;aoG;pnf; nD!wa&;udO;D wnfaom/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;. &ydicirsm;udtmrcHaom/ trsK;d om; G f k k k f G hf k jy\emrsm;udk ajz&Si;f Ediaom nDvmcHw&yfr[kway? tb,fa=umifqaomf tqdygnvmcH. OD; kf f h kd k D wnfcsursm;/ vkyief;pOfrsm;onf/ jynfo@l qENuwcJeuf&,lxm;onfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf f f kd kd tygt0if/ wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf uwifaqG;aEG;ndEi;f &,lxm;aomvkyief;pOfrsm; r[kwf k kfH D d _d f onfjh yif Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifp. rdroabmjzifcsrwxm;onfh wzufowf kfH hf D d h S f tpDtpOfrsm;omjzpfayonf? xd@k tjyif wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;.jy\emudk "rR"mefusus ajz&Si;f vdk k d onfh tajccHoabmxm;rsm; ryg&jdS cif;/ 'Drua&pD tajccHrabmifrsm;udk av;pm;vduemr_r&Sjd cif; kd l k f wd@k a=umifjh zpfayonf? wenf;tm;jzihf Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H z;d a&;aumifp. vrf;!erl kfH D f (7) csuEihf trsK;d om;nDvmcHonf/ trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;/ trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;qdonfrm/ f S k S Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifp/D trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ Ediia&;ygwrsm;/ wdi;f &if; kfH hf kd kfH D k om;tiftm;pkrsm; (wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;/ typftcwf&yfpxm;aom (od@k r[kw) +idr;f csr;f k kfH D J f a&;&,lxm;aom tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ typftcwf r&yfp&ao;aom vufeufuitiftm;pkrsm; tyg J kd f t0if) udk qdvjkd cif;jzpfonf? twGi;f csjy aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifcsrwconfh trsK;d om;vkyief;pOfw&yf k h S f hJ f r[kwb/J Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H z;d a&;aumifp. wzufowfcsrwonfh vkyief;pOfr#om f kfH D S f f jzpfayonf? rnfonfEii/H rnfonfordi;f / rnfonfumvwGirqd/k tm%m&ygww&yf&yf (od@k r[kw) h h kd f h h k h f D f tm%mudk wenf;enf;jzif&,lxm;aom tzG@J tpnf;wckcu/ wzufowfcsrwonfh vkyief;pOfjzifh h k S f f trsK;d om;nD!wa&;udk wnfaqmufEiconf[I r&Scay? G f kd f hJ l d hJ tm%modr;f awmfvea&;aumifponf/ 1963 ckEpwif twdutcH vufeufuitiftm;pk Sf D Sf G k f kd f rsm;ESihf jynfwi;f +ir;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;yGw&yfuusi;f ycJaomfvnf; atmifjrifrr&bJ ysujf ym;cJ&ayonf? G d J kd h _ h tb,fa=umifenf; xdpOfu tm%modr;f awmfvea&;aumifp. rrSeuefonfoabmxm;/ "rR"mef h k Sf D f h d rusonfh _jrifo;kH oyfr/_ yuwdtajctaersm;ESihf uif;uGmonfavmutjrifrsm;rS xGuay:vmaom h f wzufowf&yfwnfcsuw@kd a=umif/h tjcm;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf aqG;aEG;yifaqG;aEG;cJaomfvnf;/ wzuf f h tiftm;pkrsm;.&yfwnfcsuf tjrifEiwifjyr_rsm;tay: tav;teufxm;um/ tay;t,lnEi;f r_rsm; S hf d _d r&SdcJhjcif;a=umifhjzpfayonf? xdk@tjyif tm%modrf;awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonf/ wdkif;&if;om;ESD;aESm zvS,yrsm;udvnf; usi;f ycJayonf? tqdygE;DS aESmzvS,yrsm;rS csrwconfqaomrlrsm;udk tajccH f JG k h k f JG S f hJ kd vsu/f 1974 ck zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'w&yfukd a&;qGcayonf? xdtajccHOya'onfvnf; wdi;f &if;om; k J hJ k k pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udwnfaqmufEirr&SouJo@kd / jynfwi;f +ir;f csr;f a&;udvnf; azmfaqmifay;EdicjhJ cif; G f k kd f _ d h G d k kf r&Sday? tb,fa=umifhqdkygrl xdkpOfuusif;ycJhaom wdkif;&if;om;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrsm;onf [efjy oabmoufoufr#omjzpfjcif;/ xdE;DS aESmzvS,yrcsrwconfqaomrlrsm;onfvnf;/ wdi;f &if;om; k f JG S S f hJ kd k vlrsK;d rsm;. oabmqENEiuif;uGm+y;D / awmfvea&;aumifprS wzufowfcsrwconfh tajccHrrsm;jzifh S hf Sf D S f hJ l zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'w&yfukd a&;qGjJ ymef;cJjh cif;a=umifh jzpfayonf? f kH
539
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f xd@k a=umifh awmfvea&;aumifp.vkyaqmifcsursm;onf jynfow@kd .oabmqENrygbJ S f D f f l rdrtzG@J tpnf;wckwnf;. wzufowfEihf [efjyoabmvkyaqmifcsursm; jzpfayonf? ppfreaom d S f f Sf wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ESihf wrsK;d om;vH;k .aoG;pnf;nD!wrukd azmfaqmifEicjhJ cif;r&Sonfh k G f G f_ kd f d tjyif/ rSm;,Gi;f aom tpDtrHvyaqmifcsursm;a=umif/h ESpaygi;f (20) ausmumvtwGi;f wdi;f jynf. kf f f f k pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra&;rsm;c|wf cHusum/ wdi;f &if;om;jynfow&yfv;kH 'kuyifv,fa0cJ=h u&ay _ k l Q onf? tedmH}k u;D rSm urBmtqif;&Jq;kH Ediitjzpfo@kd a&muf&om;ayonf? h kfH dS G Tjzpf&yfrsm;ukdoifcef;pm,l+yD;/ ,ae@wdkif;jynfwGif&ifqdkifuHawG@ae&aom tcuftcJ/ tusytwnf;rsm;udk yjyifajymif;vJvonfh rGejf rwfonfpwxm;jzif/h trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;tm;vH;k f dk hd f onf/ rdru,ukd rdrd a0zefo;kH oyf=uum/ trsK;d om;nD!wa&;udk r&raewnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf? d kd f G f txl;ojzif/h Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifponf wzufowfcsrwxm;aom vkyief; kfH hf D S f f pOfrsm;ud/k tjrefq;kH &yfwef@+y;D / trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;jzifh aqG;aEG;ndEi;f um/ trsK;d om;vkyief;pOfw&yf _d f udk csrwaqmif&u&ayrnf? trsK;d om;nD!wa&;udk &,l&mwGivnf;/ taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;rSm/ S f G f G f f trsK;d om;tiftm;pktcsi;f csi;f / aqG;aEG;ndEi;f tajz&Sma&;yifjzpfayonf? _d trsK;d om;nD!wa&;udwnfaqmuf&mwGi/f tiftm;pkwck (od@k r[kw) tcsKd @ukd z,fcsexm; G f k f f +y;D / trsK;d om;nD!wa&;udk wnfaqmufIr&Ediay? od@k &mwGif Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d G f kf kfH hf a&;aumifprmrl trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfEihf wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;uJo@kd aom/ jynforsm;. DS kd S k kfH D h l wcJeufaxmufcru&&Sxm;onfh trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf awG@qnEi;f tajz&Sma&;udk jiif;y,f H _ kd d kH d _d aeonftjyif/ xdtzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk z,fcsexm;+y;D / rdroabmusa&G;cs,xm;aom tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf h k f d f tcsKd tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ yk*Kd~ vfrsm;udk t=uyfui+f y;D / vufoif&mpm;awmfac:onfh nD!wrrsK;d wd@k wnf kd h G f_ aqmuf vsu&ayonf? tu,fI Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifponf wzufowf f dS kfH hf D tpDtrHjzifh w,loefwZGwx;kd qufvufvyaqmifom;rnfqygu/ trsK;d om;nD!wa&;udk rwnf f kf G kd G f aqmufEionftjyif/ qd;k &Gm;onftusK;d qufrsm;ud/k wdi;f &if;om;jynfow&yfv;kH cg;pnf;cH=u&zG,f kd f h h k l om&Sayonf? tu,fI Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG zd;a&;aumifponf tzufzufr,,i;f d kfH hf D S kd G usqif;aeaomEdiiawmfukd 'Drua&pDjynf0onfh jynfaxmifpEiiawmftjzpf yjyifwnfaqmufvkd kfH kd h k kd f H onfqygu/ tajymoufoufr[kwb/J tvkyjf zifoufaojy&ef vdayonf? trsK;d om;nD!wa&; kd f h k G f tm;jzifom/ ,d,i;f usqif;aeaom tajctaet&yf&yfu/kd yjyifwnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf? xd@k a=umif/h h k G trsK;d om;nD!wa&;ud r&raewnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf? trsK;d om;nD!wa&;udwnfaqmuf&rnfh G f k G f k wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSmvnf;/ tjyeftvSeaqG;aEG;ndEi;f tajz&Sma&;rSvI tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Say? f d_ JG d xd@k a=umifh Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifponf kfH hf D (1) a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ OD;wifO;D ESihf Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm;tm; cGi;f csur&Sd tjrefq;kH v$wf kfH f ay;jcif;? (2) 1990 ckEpf a&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Of yicaom Ediia&;ygwtm;vH;k udk jyefvnf S JG G S d f hJ kfH D zGivpcihf y+y;D Ediia&;ygwrsm;. pnf;k;H a&;vkyief;rsm;udk vGwvyfpmvkyaqmifcihf yjcif;? hf S f G kfH D f f G f G (3) wdi;f &if;om;jynforsm;taejzifh Ediia&;v_y&m;r_wi/f taESmift,Suf ta=umuft&GH k l kfH fS G h uif;pGm/ yg0ifvy&m;cGihf yjcif;? _fS
540
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (4) pme,fZif;rsm;ud/k vGwvyfpma&;om;/ yHEy/f xkwa0jzef@cscihf yjcif;? f G k dS f dG ponfw@kd ukd pwifvyaqmifjcif;jzih/f trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;twGi;f / ,H=k unfrwnfaqmuf& kf _ rnf? tqdyg tcsursm;onf/ 'Drua&pDEiiwnfaqmufa&;twGu/f r&Srjzpfvy&rnftcsursm; jzpfay k f kd kd f H d kf h f onf? wqufwnf;rSmyif/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf t"dym,fjynh0 kd k kfH D ` f aom awG@qaqG;aEG;ndEi;f r_ukd yvky&rnf? xdaqG;aEG;nEi;f r_wi/f vufiif;&ifqif uawG@ae&aom kH _d f k d _d G kd H trsK;d om;a&; jy\emt00wd@k ukd tjyeftvSeaqG;aEG;oH;k oyf=u+y;D / tem*wfjrefrmEdiitwGu/f trsK;d f kfH om;a&;vkyief;pOfrsm;udk csrw&rnf? xdtrsK;d om;vkyief;pOfjzihf ,d,i;f aeaomtajctaet&yf&yfukd f S f k f k G yjyifaqmif&uum/ jrefrmEdii. yuwdtajctaeESiuunaom jynfaxmifppepfEihf 'Drua&pD G f kfH hf dk f D k S kd tajccHjynf0onfh ppfreaom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiopfukd taumiftxnfazmf wnfaqmufom;& h Sf kfH G ayrnf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;yaumfrwD &efukefrd 1366 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; (3) &uf 2004 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16) &uf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf (97c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf; A[ef;re,f/ &efukefr 1367 ckESpf/ uqkefvjynfhausmf (5) &uf 2005 ckESpf/ arv (27) &uf (15) ESpfajrmuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ a=unmpmwrf; 1? 1988 ckEpu ordi;f wGiruHb;l aom 'Drua&pDa&;tHk uGvy&m;r_}uD;Y ausmif;om;/ Sf k f kd _fS ausmif;ol/ &[ef;/ &Siv/l jynfotaygi;f wd@k onf touf/ aoG;/ ac|;/ pnf;pdr/f OpPmrsm;pGmudk pGe@f vwf f l $ &if;ESD;ay;qyfcJh=uonf? odk@ESifh EdkifiHawmftm%mudkodrf;,lxm;aom EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf aqmufa&;tzG@J Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H zd;a&;aumifponf 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv kfH D S (18) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf - 188 udxwjf yefI w&m;Oya'pk;d rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;f G f k k om,ma&;ESihf vrf;yrf;qufo,r_ vHk cacsmarG@apa&; ponfvyief;rsm; jynfpatmifaqmif&uay; G f H h kf h kH G f rnf? +yD;v#if ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;wm0efudkxrf;aqmif&ef EdkifiHawmf tm%mt&yf&yfukd vH;k 0wm0ef,vuonf[k wdi;f jynfo@kd a=unmcJonf? ,if;od@k a=unmjcif;rSm l kd f k h wdi;f jynfEihf jynfovxtm; uwdu0wfyvdujf cif;rnfayonf? od@k a=umifh 1990 jynfEpwif ygwp'rkd k S l l k k hSf G D kH D ua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D ay:ayguvm&jcif;jzpfayonf? f 2? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H zd;a&; kfH f kfH aumifpu 1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyonf txufyg D h S f Gf h D kH D kd JG
541
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f a=unmcsut& if;wd@k . aemufq;kH wm0efjzpfayonf? ,if;od@k aemufq;kH wm0efjzpfa=umif;udvnf; f k EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuU/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu 1989 ckESpf/ Ed0ifbmv (10) &ufae@wif ppfO;D pD;wuUovoifwef; trSwpOf (40) oifwef;qif;yGY k G kd f f J wd@k wm0ef,+l yD;csrwcwhJ &nfre;f csuwm0efav;&yfteuf aemufq;kH wm0ef jzpfwhJ S f hJ S f ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDa&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJudk 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27) &ufae@rSmusif;yzdk@ aumfr&Sie@J oabmwl+y;D jzpfw,f [k twdtvif;ajym=um;cJayonf? f h 3? xda&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Of yi&ef trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf ygwptaxG k JG G S df kd D kH axGa&G;aumufya=unmpmwrf;udk xkwjf yefconf? ,if;a&G;aumufya=unmpmwrf;wGif JG hJ JG jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;udk a&G;cs,wifajrmufI jynfow@kd qENEihf $ f kd f f f l S tnD 'Drua&pDtpd;k &zG@J pnf;ap&ef/ Ediiawmfz@JG pnf;tkycsKyfykH tajccHOya'w&yfa&;qGap&ef/ kd kfH f J wdi;f jynfjyefvnfxaxmifa&;vkyief;rsm;udk atmifjrifpmxrf;aqmifEi&ef k l f G kd f aemifvmvwHaomumvwd@k Y jrefrmEdiiwif 'Drua&pDusipOfrsm; xGe;f um;tajccdif h kfH G kd hf k ap+y;D pnf;vH;k nD!waom/ wnfwci+f raom/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; wef;wl&nfwl tcGihf G f hH kd J k ta&;&Saom/ jynfaxmifp}k u;D tjzpf wnfaqmuf&ef d Ediiawmftm%monf jynfovxxrS qif;oufap&rnf? kfH l l k H jynfo@l vwawmfonf Oya'ESitnD jynfo@l qENEitnD ay:ayguwnfaxmifjcif; jzpf& $ f hf S hf f um;/ Tjynfo@l vwawmfY tcsKyftjcmtm%musio;kH Edicionf tuif;rJh &Sap&rnf $ f hf k f G hf d ponfjzifh jynfovxo@kd wifjycJonf? xdo@kd wifjycJjh cif;onf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu l l k h k kd jynfovxtm; uwdu0wfay;cJjh cif;jzpfayonf? l l k 4? ,if;a&G;aumufya=unmpmwrf;ygtcsursm;udk 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG JG f hS D kH D kd a&G;aumufywif jynfovxu vdvvm;vm; wcJeufqENray;jcif;jzifh axmufctwnfycJonf? JG G l l k k kd J H h xd@k a=umifh a&G;aumufyJG a=unmpmwrf;ygtwdi;f aqmif&uay;Edi&ef jynfovxu trsK;d om;'Drkd k G f kf l l k ua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vkyyicitm%mrsm; ay;tyfcjhJ cif;jzpfayonf? xd@k tjyif a&G;aumufya=unm f kd f G hf JG pmwrf;ygtcsursm;onf wdi;f jynfEijhf ynfovxtwGuf a&wdk a&&Snf tusK;d pD;yGm;rsm;udk xif[yf f k S l l k azmfjyaeonfomrubJ wdi;f jynf.,ae@tajctaeESivnf; vH;k 0nD!wvsu&aeayonf? xda&G; k hf G f f dS k aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu rJqENe,f (82) &mcdiEe;f cef@ trsm;pktEdi&&Scayonf? JG G kd kf_ k f d hJ 5? xd@k a=umifh Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J Ediiawmf at;csr;f om,m a&;ESihf kfH df kfH zG@H zd;a&;aumifponf if;wd@k u,wijf ymef;ay;cJonfh jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r D kd f kd h $ f JG f - 3 yg
542
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f v$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmf f hf kd f f ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;;&rnf? udk rvGraoG taumiftxnfazmfay;&rnfjzpfayonf? ,if; k f f J Oya't& jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef tm%mydirsm;wGif vH;k 0wm0ef&ayonf? jynfo@l $ f kf dS v$wawmfac:,lray;jcif;onf tm%mydirsm;u if;wd@k ud,wijf yXmef;cJaom jynfo@l vwawmf f kf k f kd h $ f a&G;aumufyOya'udk csK;d azmufaejcif;jzpfayonf? xd@k tjyif rJqEN&ijf ynfovx.qENukd vspvsL_jcif; JG S l l k f rnfayonf? Tonfrm vH;k 0 rvkyoifh rvkyxuaomudpP jzpfayonf? S f f kd f 6? 1990 jynfEp/f a&G;aumufyEipyfvsO;f I trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f hS JG S hf kd a&;r; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu usrwd@k taeeJ@ jrefrmEdiirm t=urf;zufrv;kH 0r&SwhJ 'Drua&pDpepfuseaom enf;vrf; kfHS _ d kd eJ@omv#if wdi;f jynfuwnfaqmufrmjzpf+y;D / aumif;rGevwhJ rsK;d qufopfrsm; ay:xGe;f vma&; k kd S f S a&S@ajy;erlemjyozd@k &nf&,xm;ygw,f? Tt"duta=umif;a=umifom 1990 jynfEpu G f h hSf jynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwifajrmufvdkufwJh ygvDrefv$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;cGifheJ@ v$wfawmf ud,pm;vS,rsm;u if;wd@k &Jwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcihf r&rae&&Satmif usrwd@k vkyf k f f G d aqmifaewmjzpfygw,f [k vnf;aumif;/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yjcif; (9) ESpajrmufae@wif D kH D kd JG f G ppfreaom'Drua&pDrsm;.ausmd;onf vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyrsm;rS S f kd k f JG wqifh wifajrmufjcif;cHxm;&aom jynfo@l vwawmfjzpfygonf? xd@k a=umifh jynfo@l vwawmf $ f $ f ay:aygua&;ESihf 'Drua&pDa&;udk rnfuo@kd rS cGjJ cm;Ir&yg ?[kvnf;aumif; rde@f =um;cJay f kd hJ h onf? 7? od@k a=umifh rdrwi;f jynfz@HG z;d wd;k wuf&ef jynfovxu vkyyicitm%mtyfEi;f xm;aom d kd l l k f kd f G hf S jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;rygb/J jynfovxy;l aygi;f yg0ifrr&SbJ rnfo@kd r# tusK;d &v'frsm; $ f kd f f l l k _ d ay:xGuvmEdirnf r[kway? rnfonfwi;f jynfYrqdk jynfovx.xufoefaom yl;aygi;f yg0ifr_ f kf f h kd l l k &&Srom wdi;f jynf.tusK;d yvkyief;rsm; xGe;f um;vmayrnf? ,H=k unfouf0ifvy&m;aeaom vl@tzG@J dS k f _fS tpnf;rsm;&Sromv#if wdi;f jynfz@HG z;d wd;k wufvmayrnf? dS k 8? (u) Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuU/ wyfrawmf umuG,a&;OD;pD;csKyfu kfH df f 1990 ckEp/f Zlviv (3) &ufae@wif Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J Eihf jynfe,fwdi;f S kd f G kfH f S k +ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rsm;. vkyief;ndEi;f tpnf;ta0;Y df f _d ygwpa&G;aumufy+JG y;D &if bmvky=f urvJ/ zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'a&;zd@k yjJ zpfw,f? 'DupP D kH k d ud,taeeJ@ 5-7-89 &ufae@u ajymwJtxJrm ygygw,f? e0wu ra&;bl;qdwm ajym+y;D k hf h S k +yy? w&m;cHvnf; tjzpfrcHEib;l ?[kvnf;aumif;/ DJ kd f
543
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tajccHOya'udk ta&G;cH&wJygwtzG@J tpnf;awGu v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awGnEi;f +y;D h D f kd f f d _d vky=f u&r,fupP ? [kvnf;aumif; ajym=um;cJayonf? h d h (c) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG zd;a&; kfH f kfH hf aumifponf 1990 ckEp/f Zlviv (27) &ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf - 190 udxwjf yefcayonf? D S kd f G f k k hJ ,if;a=unmcsuf tyd'f - 12 wGif k v$wawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;jcif;udk Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u aqmif&uf f kfH df G ay;rnf ? [kvnf;aumif;/ tyd'f - 20 wGif k ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforsm;ua&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom ud,pm;vS,rsm; l kd f k f f onf tem*wf'rua&pDEiiawmfz@JG pnf;yHtajccHOya'uda&;qG=J u&ef wm0ef&onfy*Kd~ vf D kd kd f H k k dS h k rsm;jzpfonf ?[kvnf;aumif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJayonf? h xd@k a=umifh wyfrawmfumuG,a&;OD;pD;csKyf. txufygajym=um;csursm;t&vnf;aumif;/ f f ,ae@wif w&m;0ifvsu&aeao;aom tqdyga=unmcsuf - 190 tyd'f - 20 t&vnf;aumif;/ kd f dS k k zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'udk jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;uom a&;qG=J u&ef vH;k 0wm0ef&ayonf? k $ f kd f f dS tjcm; rnfonfy*Kd~ vf/ yk*Kd~ vfrsm;/ rnfonftzG@J tpnf;rsm;u a&;qG=J uygv#if a=unmcsuf - 190 hk h t&a=umifh w&m;r0ifjzpfaeayonf? 9? xd@k tjyif jrefrmEdiionf ukvor*~tzG@J csKyf. tzG@J 0ifEiiwEdiijH zpf+y;D rdrEiiu vuf kfH kd f H k f d kd f H rSwa&;xd;k xm;aom tjynfjynfqi&mvl@tcGita&;a=unmpmwrf; tyd'f - 21 wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh f kd f hf k (1) vlwi;wGif rdrEii.tkycsKyfa&;Y ud,wijf zpfap/ vGwvyfpma&G;cs,vuonfh kd f d kd f H f k f kd f G f kd f ud,pm;vS,rsm;rSwqifjh zpfap yg0ifaqmif&uEici&onf? k f f G f kd f G hf dS udk qef@usiI csKd ;azmufa=umif; jyo&ma&mufayonf? txufyg vl@tcGita&;a=unm f hf pmwrf;onf 'Drua&pD. tajccHusipOfw&yfjzpfayonf? 'Drua&pDEipyfvsO;f I t"durdKiftcsKd kd hf kd S hf jzpfaom tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfow@kd xrS qif;ouf&rnf? l H tpd;k &onf jynfovx.oabmxm;qENtay: tajccH&rnf? l l k [lIvnf; &Si;f vif;zGiqxm;=uayonf? hf kd 10? (u) rdrwi;f jynfwif d kd G - vlaer_tqiftwef; usqif;aejcif;/ h
544
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f - qif;&Jcsr;f om uGm[aejcif;/ - pD;yGm;a&; usqif;aejcif;/ - Ediia&; ponfh taxGaxGtusytwnf;rsm; jzpfay:aejcif;rsm;a=umifh rdrEiiukd kfH f d kd f H rvGraoG jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&rnfjzpfayonf? Tod@k wnfaqmuf&ef rdrwi;f jynf. tajc J d kd taersm;t& tjynfjynfqi&maiGa=u;tultnDEihf tjcm;tultnDrsm; vdtyfaeay kd f S k onf? od@k vdtyfcsuukd Ediiwckcsi;f taejzifh vHavmufatmifyy;kd Edirnf r[kway? urBmh k f kfH k hH k f f b%f/ EdiiwumaiGa=u;&HyaiGtzG@J Eihf tm&Sz@HG z;d a&;b%fw@kd rS uaygi;f pHtwGuf tultnD kfH kH S k rsm;&&SEirom rdrwi;f jynf.vdtyfcsursm;udk jznfqnf;Edirnfjzpf+yD; rdrwi;f jynfz@GH zd; d kd f S d kd k f h kf d kd wd;k wufvmEdirnfjzpfayonf? kf (c) tqdyg urBmb%f/ EdiiwumaiGa=u;&HyaiGtzG@J Eihf tm&Sz@HG zd;a&;b%fw@kd . k h kfH kH S tzG@J 0ifEiirsm;onf 'Drua&pDEiirsm;jzpfaeonfa=umif/h rdrEiitm; 'Drua&pDEiitjzpf kd f H kd kd f H d kd f H kd kd f H ul;ajymif;ay;rSomv#if tultnDtaxmuftyHrsm; &&SEirnf[k trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J h d kd f kd csKyfu ,H=k unfonf? 11? od@k ygojzifh wdi;f jynfwiawG@uae&aom jynfaxmifp}k u;D wnfwci+f ra&;ESihf Ediia&;/ k Gf H hH kd J kfH pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;ponfh taxGaxGtusytwnf;rsm;udk Ediiawmftm%m&,lxm;onfh Ediiawmf _ f kfH kfH at;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG z;d a&;aumifpEihf jynfovxu jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk a&G; hf DS l l k $ f kd f f aumufwifajrmuf+yD; vkyyicitm%mtyfEi;f xm;onfh trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd onf OD;pGm f kd f G hf S kd yxrawG@qaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh tajz&Sm=u&rnfjzpfayonf? aemufwqifwif wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d ud,pm; kH h G k k f vS,rsm;ESihf qufvufaqG;aEG;=u&efjzpfayonf? awG@qaqG;aEG;a&;=uef@=umaejcif;onf rvdvm; f kH k tyfaomjy\emrsm;udk jzpfay:aponf? jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;a&;tygt0if rnfonfh $ f Ediia&;udpurqdk r#waom/ oabmxm;jzLpifaompdwxm;wd@k jzifh Ediia&;t"dym,fjynf0pGm aqG;aEG; kfH P kd f kfH ` h =uygv#if rSeuefaomtajzudk &&Sayrnf? f d 12? xdo@kd awG@qaqG;aEG;Edi&ef wdi;f &if;om;jynfow&yfv;kH vGwvyf+yD; taESmiftzG@J Eihf k kH kf k l f S taESmift,Sursm;rS uif;&Si;f I pdwEv;kH aysmicsr;f ajrpmjzifh yg0ifEirnfh Ediia&;ywf0ef;usif tajc h f fS f$f hG kd f kfH taersm;udk zefw;D ay;&ef vdtyfayonf? 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm; &&S=d u&efvnf;aumif;/ 'Drua&pD k kd hf kd usipOfEihf zDvmqef@usirrsm;udk z,f&m;&efvnf;aumif; txl;vdtyfayonf? hf S f_ S k 13? odk@ygI (u) rdrEiiwif 'Drua&pDEiv@l tcGita&;rsm;&&S&ef wpdurwfrwfud;yrf;tm; d kd f H G kd S hf hf d k f xkwfr_rsm;a=umifh t=urf;zufwdkufcdkufjcif;cHcJh=u&aom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 'k w d , OuU OD ; wif O D ; ES i f h taxG a xG t wG i f ; a&;r ; a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf w d k @ tm; aetdrfrsm;wGif xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;rS cGif;csufr&Sd tjrefqHk;jyefvnfv$wfay;&ef/ (c) wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;ryg0ifbJ ppfreaomjynfaxmifpEiiawmfukd rwnf k Sf k kd f H aqmufEiaoma=umifh wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwwckjzpfaom &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pD kd f k kfH D k kd tzG@J csKyf OuU cGexe;f OD;/ twGi;f a&;r; pdi;f !Ge@f viEihf tjcm;wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; f G k GfS k
545
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tm; zrf;qD;csKyaESmifxm;jcif;rS ci;f csur&Sd tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvway;&ef/ f G f $ f (*) jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf 1990 jynfEpa&G;aumufywif jynfol $ f kd f f hSf JG G vlxu if;wd@k u,pm; vkyyicitm%mrsm;tyfEi;f vduonfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfaoma=umifh k kd f f kd f G hf S k f tusO;f uscae=u&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; (wdi;f &if;om; jynfo@l vwawmf H $ f kd f f k $ f ud,pm;vS,rsm;tygt0if) wd@k ukd ci;f csur&SbJ tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvway;&ef/ k f f G f d $ f (C) rdrw@kd . Ediia&;,H=k unfcsut& pnf;H;k v_y&m;=uojzifh jypf'%frsm;uscae d kfH f fS H =u&aom Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vH;k udk ci;f csur&SbJ tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvway;&ef/ kfH G f d $ f (i) trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf w&m;0ifEiia&;ygwwckjzpfojzifh Oya'rJh kd kd f H D ESpEpe;D yg; cswywjf cif;cHxm;&aom tzG@J csKyf. tqifqifaom pnf;H;k a&;tzG@J ;kH rsm;udk f S f d f d h h tjrefq;kH jyefvnfzivpay;&ef/ G hf S f (p)'Drua&pDusipOft&vnf;aumif;/ Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'u ay; kd hf kfH D f kH tyfxm;aom tcGitm%mt&vnf;aumif; Ediia&;ygwrsm;tm; vGwvyfpm pnf;H;k v_yf hf kfH D f G &Sm;cGiay;&ef/ hf wd@k ukd jynfovx.qENEitnD raES;tjref taumiftxnfazmf=uyg&efEihf Ediiawmf l l k S hf S kfH at;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG zd;a&;aumifpu tjrefq;kH aqmif&uay;&ef vH;k 0wm0ef&a=umif; a=unm hf D G f dS vduonf? k f (6-5-05 &ufae@ESifh 16-5-05 &ufae@rsm;wGif usif;yaom A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;t&) A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefrd? aemufqufwGJ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGaG;aumufyJG D kH D kd usif;ya&;aumfrSif a=unmcsutrSwf (187) f (1350 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvqef; 12 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 18 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifcihf y&ef av#mufxm;&rnfh aemufq;kH ae@&ufEihf tcsef kfH D f kH G S d owfrSwfcsufudk a=unmjcif;? 1? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif yg0if,Of ydivaom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf D kH D kd JG G S f kd kfH D
546
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya'ESitnD Taumfr&Sio@kd 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@ kfH D f kH hf f S rSpI rSwywifcihf y&ef av#mufxm;cJ=h u&m ,ae@txd Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;aygi;f (182) zG@J ukd f kH G kfH D rSwywifcihf ycJ+h yD;jzpfygonf? f kH G 2? Taumfr&Sionf e,fpyfa'orsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ qufo,rcufcaoma'orsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ f G f_ J Ediia&;ygwrsm; vma&mufrwywifEia&;twGuf tcseay;cJygonf? kfH D S f kH kd f df h 3? ,cktcg ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGaG;aumufywif yg0if,Of yivaom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; D kH D kd JG G S d f kd kfH D toD;oD;wd@k onfvnf; rSwywif+y;D jzpfrnf[k ,lqonftwGuf Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; enf; f kH h kfH D f kH Oya' (6) ESitnD rSwywif&ef aumfr&Sio@kd av#mufxm;&rnfh aemufq;kH ae@&ufEitcseukd 1989 hf f kH f S hf d f ckEp/f azazmf0g&D v (28) &ufae@ rGe;f wnfh (12 ; 00) em&Dtxd owfrwyga=umif; a=unmtyfyg S S f onf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rSL; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (208) (1350 jynfhESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 23 &uf) ? ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDpepftzGJ@ (p-'-p) tzGJ@csKyf (Real Democracy Party) udk EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufjcif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu kfH D kH D kd f 24-10-88 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (42) jzifh &efuewi;f / yef;bJwef;rd e,f/ a&$bomvrf;/ (r[m JG f k f kd kH AE<Kvvrf;ESihf ukeonfvrf;=um;)/ trSwf (137) wGizivpxm;&Saom ppfreaom'Drua&pDpepftzG@J f f G hf S f d Sf kd (p-'-p) tzG@J csKyf (Real Democracy Party) udk Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 5/ yk'rcGJ kfH D f kH f f (u) t& rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? f kH G h 2? ,if;ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf;qENoabmxm;t& D k f f 15-2-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwukd zsuor;f +y;D jzpfyga=umif; OuU/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;ESihf wGzuf S d D f d J taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;wd@k tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0if (5) OD;wd@k ud,wivma&mufwifjy f k f kd f ygojzifh Taumfr&Siwif Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya't& ppfreaom'Drua&pDpepftzG@J (pf G kfH D f kH Sf kd '-p) tzG@J csKyf (Real Democracy Party) tjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;udk 23-2-89 &ufae@rpI y,fzsuvuf f kH S f kd yga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; ta=umif;t&m ?
547
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (242) (1350 jynfhESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 9 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 1 &uf) ? jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' (rl=urf;)ESihf pyfvsO;f I jynforsm;ESihf $ f JG l Ediia&;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;xHrS t=uH ycsursm;ESihf xifjrifcsursm; awmif; kfH f f cHjcif;? 1? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmfwif D kH D kd JG f kfH G trsm;jynfolwdk@awmif;qdkcJh=uonfh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf vkyfief;tpDtpOfESifhtcsdefZ,m;udk 16-2-89 &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (194) jzifh a=unm cJ+h yD;jzpfygonf? 2? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw&yfukd pnf;urf;enf;vrf;wus usi;f yay;Edia&;twGuf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' JG kf w&yfukd jyXmef;xm;&efvtyfygonf? a&G;aumufyOya'uda&;qG&mwGif Ediiawmf.zG@J pnf;yHtajccH kd JG k J kfH k Oya'ygrrsm;ESitnD a&;qG&ygrnf? l hf J 3? ,cktcg 1948 ckEpwijf yXmef;cJaom zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'ESihf 1974 ckEpwif jyXmef;cJaom Sf G h f kH Sf G h zG@J pnf;yHtajccHOya'wd@k yg a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;ESipyfvsO;f onfh jyXmef;csursm;twdi;f twdtus k f hf f k vduemusio;kH &ef rjzpfEiawmhonftwGuf ,ckxwjf yefonfh a&G;aumufyOya' (rl=urf;) udk k f hf kd f h k JG atmufygrrsm;tay:tajccHI a&;qGc&ygonf l J hJ (u) vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd pnf;urf;enf;vrf; f D kH D kd JG wus usi;f yEdia&;/ kf (c) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf. Ediiom;rsm;twGuf 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm; tjynft0 kfH kfH kd hf h &&Sapa&;/ d (*) aemifwacwfwif Ediiacgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=urnfh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; 'Drua&pD G kfH kd tavhtusirsm; ypkysK;d axmifay;a&;? hf 4? txufygrrsm;udtajccHI aumfr&Sionf 1948 ckEpwijf yXmef;cJaom ygvrefa&G;aumufytuf l k f Sf G h D JG Oya'ESienf;Oya'rsm;/ 1976 ckEpwijf yXmef;cJaom jynfo@l vwawmfEijhf ynfo@l aumifptqifqifh hf Sf G h $ f S D h a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;qdi&m Oya'ESienf;Oya'rsm;/ ygwp'rua&pDusio;kH vsu&aom EdiitcsKd rS f kf hf D kH D kd hf f dS kfH a&G;aumufyOya'ESienf;Oya'rsm;udk avhvm+yD; Ta&G;aumufyOya' (rl=urf;) udk jrefrmEdiiH JG hf JG kf ESivuavsmnDaxG&ap&ef ndEi;f aygi;f pyfa&;qGxm;jcif;jzpfygonf? hf kd f dS _d J 5? ,cka&;qGxm;onfh a&G;aumufyOya' (rl=urf;) rSm trsm;jynfoEioufqionfOya' (rl=urf;) J JG l S hf kd f h jzpfonftm;avsmpm jynforsm;ESihf Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf t=uHycsursm;ESihf xifjrif h fG l kfH D f ta=umif;t&m?
548
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f csursm;udk ay;yd@k &ef&ygu xdt=uH ycsuEihf xifjrifcsursm;teuf Taumfr&Siuvufcoifonfh f dS k fS f f H h tcsursm;udk vufcpOf;pm;&efqEN&ygonf? f H dS 6? od@k ygI 'Drua&pDtpOftvmESitnD jynforsm;ESiEiia&;ygwrsm;. t=uH ycsursm;ESihf xifjrif kd hf l hf kd f H D f csursm;udk &,lEia&;twGuf Tjynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' (rl=urf;) udk &Si;f vif;csursm;ESihf f kd f $ f JG f twl xkwjf yefa=unmtyfygonf? jynforsm;ESihf Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf TOya' (rl=urf;) l kfH D ESipyfvsO;f I t=uH ycsursm;ESihf xifjrifcsursm;udk ay;yd@k &ef&ygu ay;yd@k vaomt=uH ycsursm;ESihf hf f f dS kd f xifjrifcsursm;udk yk'rwckcsi;f tvduf pmjzifa&;om;I 1989 ckEp/f rwfv (31) &ufae@ aemufq;kH f f k h S xm;+yD; &efuef rd@/ A[ef;rd@e,f/ ewfarmufvrf;/ trSwf (94) &Sd ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; k D kH D kd aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si;kH od@k ay;yd@k =uyg&ef arwWm&yfctyfygonf? JG f H uwifaiGudpP 7? xd@k tjyif Taumfr&Sionf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyenf;Oya'rsm; (rl=urf;) udvnf; a&;qGJ f $ f JG k vsu&&m a&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Of yivaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;xHrS awmif; f dS JG G S d f kd f kd f f cHrnfh udwifaiGyrm%udk owfrway;&ef&aeygonf? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;wOD;v#if S f dS f kd f f uwifaiGusyf 5000d- od@k r[kwf aiGusyf 7500d- od@k r[kwf aiGusyf 10000d- wd@k teuf rnfonfh d aiGyrm%udk awmif;cHoifha=umif; t=uHycsufrsm; &,lvdkygonf? v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftvdkuf vma&mufqENray;oltm;vH;k . (12 5) &mcdiEe;f ESitxuf cdivaom qENr&&Sorsm;. uwif J k f _ hf k f kH J d l d aiGukd jyefvnfxway;&efEihf (12 5) &mcdiEe;f atmufom cdivaomqENr&&Sonfh v$wawmf k f S kf_ k f kH J d f ud,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;. uwifaiGurl jyefvnfxway;jcif;ryawmhbJ EdiiawmfbmaiGtjzpf k f f d kd k f kfH odr;f qnf;owfrw&ef &nf&,xm;ygonf? od@k &mwGif a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&aom v$wawmf S f G f H f ud,pm;vS,onf cdivaomrJ (12 5) &mcdiEe;f xuf avsmenf;&&Sapumrl ,if;.uwifaiGukd k f f k f kH kf_ h d d jyefvnfxway;rnfjzpfygonf? k f qENrjJ ym;ESihf qENrvufrwupP J S f d 8? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmfY a&G;aumufyrsm;udusi;f yay;cJ&mwGif rJy;kH twGi;f od@k qENrjJ ym;xnfh kfH JG k h onfpepfuom usio;kH cJygonf? xdpepfuusio;kH &mwGif rJy;kH rsm;vHk crr&Sygu v#Kd 0SuqENray;jcif;udk h kd hf h k kd hf H_ d f J xdcuapEdijf cif;/ rJy;kH azmufI rJc;kd Edijf cif;/ rJjym;rsm;ta&mif;t0,fyvkyEijf cif;ESihf rJy;kH xJrrrsm;udk kd f k k f kd SJ y,frjJ zpfatmif rSiavmif;xnfjh cif;/ uGr;f wHawG;axG;xnfjh cif;ponfh rzG,r&mtr_rsm;udk yvkyEif f f f kd a=umif; awG@&&ygonf? xd@k jyif ,SOf yita&G;cHaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a&rsm;jym;ygu dS df f kd f f rJy;kH rsm;udk pDpOfxe;f odr;f &efEihf rJqEN&irsm;rJay;&ef tcuftcJrsm;&SEiygonf? d S Sf d kd f 9? azmfjyyg tm;enf;csursm;udk ausmvm;Edi&ef aumfr&Siu Ediitrsm;tjym;wGif toH;k yvsu&dS f f $ kf f kfH f aom qENrvufrwjf zifh qENray;aompepfukd avhvmcJygonf? qENrvufrwjf zifh qENray;onfh J S J h J S J pepfwif rJqEN&irsm;onf vHk caomqENycef;wGif qENrvufrwyg rdraxmufcvaom v$wawmf G Sf H J S f d H kd f ud,pm;vS,avmif;. oauFwtrSwtom;ESihf trnfwnfwnfwif axmufconftrSwtom; k f f f h h G H h f yI xdkqENrJvufrSwfudk wjcm;olrjrifatmifacguf+yD; rJHkr;jrifEdkifaomae&mwGifxm;&Sdonfh wckwnf;aomrJy;kH twGi;f od@k rJqEN&iu,wif qENrvufrwuxnfI qENy&efjzpfygonf? S f kd f kd J S f kd h
549
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 10? pmrwwfonfrqEN&irsm;onf oufqi&mv$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;. oauFwtrSwf hJ Sf kd f f kd f f tom;ud=k unfI qENyEdi=f urnfjzpfygonf? rsurjrifrqEN&irsm;twGuurl rdrqENyvdaom h k f J Sf f kd d k v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tm; qENyEdia&;twGuf tultnDay;&efEihf w&m;r#w rSeuefr_ f kd f f kf S f &Sap&ef qENy&rnfenf;vrf;rsm;udk enf;Oya'jzifh owfrway;rnfjzpfygonf? d h S f 11? qENrvufrwjf zifh qENray;onfpepfuusio;kH ygu aumfr&Siwif rJqENe,ftvduf qENrvufrwf J S J h kd hf f G k J S udk tcseruEyay;&rnfh wm0ef}u;D w&yfyvmaomfvnf; ,if;pepfusio;kH jcif;tm;jzifh v#Kd 0SuqENrJ d f D kd f dS f kd hf f ay;r_pepfukd atmifjrifapEdijf cif;/ rJc;kd jcif;/ rJta&mif;t0,fyvkyjf cif;/ y,frjJ zpfatmif rzG,r&m k f yvkyjf cif;wd@k ukd umuG,Eijf cif;ESihf rJqEN&irsm; vG,utqifajypGm qENray;Edijf cif; ponftusK;d f kd Sf f l J k h aus;Zl;rsm;&&SdEdkifonfhtjyif rJyHk;trsm;tjym;yvkyf&rnfhwm0efvnf; avsmhyg;oGm;Edkifa=umif; awG@&ygonf? 12? ygwp'rua&pDusio;kH onfh tdre;D csi;f Ediirsm;udk avhvm&mwGivnf; rdrw@kd wEdiiwnf;om D kH D kd hf f kfH f d kfH rJy;kH ESiqENrjJ ym;pepfukd usio;kH vsu&a=umif; awG@&&ygonf? hf hf f dS dS 13? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd usi;f y&mwGif qENrjJ ym;ESiqENray;jcif; (od@k r[kw) qENrJ D kH D kd JG hf J f vufrwEiqENray;jcif; pepfEpcteuf rnfonfpepfuusio;kH oifa=umif; jynforsm;ESihf EdiiH S f S hf J Sfk h kd hf h l kf a&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;. t=uH ycsursm;udvnf; &,lvygonf? D f k kd 14? od@k ygI a&G;aumufyOya' (rl=urf;) ESipyfvsO;f I t=uH ycsursm;ESihf xifjrifcsursm;ay;yd@k onftcg JG hf f f h txufazmfjyyg v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;xHrS udwifaiGrnfr#awmif;cHoifa=umif;ESihf f kd f f h qENray;onfpepfEpcteuf rnfonfpepfusio;kH oifa=umif; t=uH ycsursm;ESihf xifjrifcsursm;udyg J h Sfk h hf h f f k wygwnf; ay;yd@k =uyg&ef xyfavmif;arwWm&yfctyfygonf? H 15? Taumfr&Siuxkwjf yefxm;onfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;twGuf vkyief; f D kH D kd JG f tpDtpOfEitcseZ,m;t& jynforsm;ESihf Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;. t=uH ycsursm;ESihf xifjrif S hf d f l kfH D f csursm;udk pkpnf;pdppf&ef tcsewvom&&Sygonf? xdo@kd aumfr&Siu pdppf&mwGif tcse=f uef@=umr_ f df d k f d r&Sdapa&;twGuf EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;ujzpfap/ atmufajcEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; tqifqifujzpfap t=uHycsursm;ESixifjrifcsursm;ay;yd@k onftcg rdroufqi&m Ediia&;ygwD h h f hf f h d kd f kfH tzG@J tpnf;XmecsKyfrwqifh ay;yd@k &efjzpfygonf? yk*Kd~ vfwOD;csi;f taejzifh t=uH ycsursm;ESihf xifjrif S f csursm;ay;yd@k &ef&ygu ay;yd@k o. vufrw/f trnf/ trsK;d om;rSwywiftrSwEihf ae&yfvypmwd@k ukd f dS l S f kH fS df azmfjyay;yd@k =uyg&ef azmfjytyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r;
550
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (243) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 1 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 7 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? 'Drua&pDEiv@l tcGita&;tzG@J Democracy and Human Rights Organization kd S hf hf (D.H.O.) udk Ediia&;ygwtjzpfrwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? kfH D S f kH 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu kfH D kH D kd f 23-10-88 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (40) jzifh &efuewi;f / yef;bJwef;rd e,f/ a&$bomvrf;/ trSwf JG f k f kd kH (82)wGif zGivpxm;&Saom 'Drua&pDEiv@l tcGita&;tzG@J Democracy and Human Rights Organihf S f d kd S hf hf kfH D f kH f f f kH G h zation (D.H.O.) udk Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 5 yk'rcGJ (u) t& rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? 2? ,if;ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm; D k f f t& 7-3-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwuzsuor;f ay;yg&ef 'Drua&pDEiv@l tcGita&;tzG@J rS em,u/ S d D kd f d kd S hf hf OuUESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;wd@k tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmygojzifh f Taumfr&Siwif Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya't& 'Drua&pDEiv@l tcGita&;tzG@J Democracy f G kfH D f kH kd S hf hf f kH S and Human Rights Organization (D.H.O.) tjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;udk 7-3-89 &ufae@rpI y,fzsuf vduyga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? k f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (244) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 4 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 10 &uf) ? 'Drua&pDopfygwD ( New Democracy Party) udk Ediia&;ygwtjzpf rSwywif kd kfH D f kH xm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu kfH D kH D kd f 8-11-88 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (106) jzifh &efuewi;f / vrf;rawmfrd e,f/ (7) vrf;/ trSwf 97 JG f k f kd (at) ajrnDxyfwif zGivpxm;&Saom 'Drua&pDopfygwD (New Democracy Party) udk Ediia&;ygwrsm; G hf S f d kd kfH D rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 5/ yk'rcGJ (u) t& rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? f kH f f f kH G h ta=umif;t&m ?
551
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 2? ,if;ygwD A[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm; k f f t& 10-3-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwukd zsuor;f ay;yg&ef 'Drua&pDopfygwrS OuU/ taxGaxG S d D f d kd D twGi;f a&;r;ESihf wGzuftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvm J f ygojzifh Taumfr&Siwif Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya't& 'Drua&pDopfygwD (New Democracy f G kfH D f kH kd Party) tjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;udk 10-3-89 &ufae@rpI y,fzsuvuyga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? f kH S f kd f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf kfH ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D kH D kd usif;ya&;aumfrSif a=unmcsuftrSwf (245) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 1 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 22 &uf) ? Ediia&;ygwwi;f udprsm;ESipyfvsO;f I aumfr&Si.oabmxm;udk xkwjf yef kfH D G P hf f a=unmjcif;? 1? Taumfr&Sionf vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd atmif f f D kH D kd JG jrifpmusi;f yEdia&;twGuf tbufbufrS u;d yrf;aqmif&uvsu&&m ,ae@txd Ediia&;ygwtzG@J G kf G f f dS kfH D tpnf;aygif; (231) zGJ@wdk@onf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'ESifhtnD rSwfyHkwifxm;vsuf &Sygonf? d 2? ,if;od@k rwywifxm;aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;tcsKd wGif ygwz@JG pnf;yHEihf ygwwi;f a&;&mudpP S f kH kfH D D kS D G tcsKd ajyvnfrr&SonftwGuf aumfr&Sio@kd vma&mufwifjywdiwef;jcif;rsm;&Scygonf? _ d h f kf d hJ 3? ,ckrwywifxm;aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf Taumfr&Siu }u;D =uyfz@JG pnf;ay;aom S f kH kfH D f tzG@J tpnf;rsm;r[kwbJ rdrw@kd .qENtavsmuf ygwz@JG pnf;yHrsm;/ pnf;rsO;f rsm;/ &nf&,csuEihf f d D k G f f S vkyief;pOfrsm;uda&;qG+J yD; em,uESihf tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;udk a&G;cs,z@JG pnf;xm;jcif;jzpfyg f k f f onf? ,if;od@k zG@J pnf;+y;D aemuf Ediia&;ygwtjzpf rSwywifay;&ef wifjyvmonftcg aumfr&Siu kfH D f kH h f Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;enf;Oya' (4) ESitnD oufqi&mygwtzG@J tpnf;. OuU (od@k r[kw) kfH D f kH hf kd f D f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r (od@k r[kw)twGi;f a&;r;wOD;OD;u Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya' yk'r f kfH D f kH f (3) yg jyXmef;csursm;ESihf +idpe;f jcif;r&Syga=umif; atmufygtwdi;f 0efcuwdvufrwa&;xd;k rSom f G d k H S f rSwywifay;cJygonf f kH h (u) wnfqOya'w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpfa=unmjcif;cH&aom tzG@J tpnf;r[kwf J a=umif;/ ta=umif;t&m?
552
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (c) Ediiawmftm; vufeufpuiI awmfveyeuefaeaom aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;r[kwf kfH JG kd f Sfkf a=umif;/ (*) Ediiawmfyif aiGa=u;/ taqmufttH/k ,mOf/ ypPn;f wd@k ukd wduujf zpfap/ oG,0uaom kfH kd k f kd f kd f enf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;kH pGonfh tzG@J tpnf;r[kwa=umif;/ J f (C) EdiijH cm;wdi;f jynfwckc. tpd;k & od@k r[kwf bmoma&;tzG@J tpnf; (od@k r[kw) tjcm; kf k k f tzG@J tpnf;wckcrS aiGa=u;/ ypPn;f / tjcm;taxmuftyHukd wduujf zpfap/ oG,0uaom k h k f kd f kd f enf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;kH pGonfh tzG@J tpnf;r[kwa=umif;/ J f (i) bmoma&;udk Ediia&;udptwGuf tvGo;kH pm;yaom tzG@J tpnf;r[kwa=umif;/ kfH P J f (p) jynfo@l wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &wyfz@JG paom umuG,a&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l 0efxrf;tzG@J J f tpnf;toD;oD;/ Ediiyip;D yGm;a&;bkw/f aumfya&;&Si;f / tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESihf k f H kd f kd EdiiawmfbmaiGrS vpmcHpm;=uaom 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonfh tzG@J tpnf;r[kwa=umif;? kfH f 4? xdo@kd rSwywifpOfuwifjyaom oufqi&mygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;. zG@J pnf;yHpnf;rsO;f rsm;/ &nf&,f k f kH kd f D k G csuEihf vkyief;pOfrsm;/ em,uESihf tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;pm&if;udrl aumfr&Siu rSwwrf;wif fS f f k f f xm;ygonf? xd@k tjyif tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J Eihf zG@J pnf;yHpnf;rsO;f rsm; jyKjyifajymif;vJr&I aumfr&Sio@kd f S k _ dS f xyfrwifjyvmonftcgwivnf; aumfr&Siu qufvufrwwrf;wifxm;vsuygonf? H h Gf f S f f dS 5? od@k ygI rSwywifxm;onfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;wckc. ygwwi;f oabmuGvrrsm;udk ouf f kH kfH D k D G J JG _ qdi&mygwrsm;uom ajz&Si;f &efjzpfojzifh aumfr&Siu 0ifa&mufpuzufajz&Si;f ay;&ef r&Syga=umif; kf D f G f d a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (246) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 2 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 23 &uf) ? r[mrdw'rua&pDXmecsKyf (League for Democracy Alliance) udk Ediia&; f D kd kfH ygwtjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? D f kH 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu kfH D kH D kd f 8-12-88 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (162) jzifh &efuewi;f / Advwaxmifrd e,f/ (10) &yfuu/f 48 JG f k f kd k f G vrf;/ trSwf 148 (ajrnDxyf) wGif zGivpxm;&Saom r[mrdw'rua&pDXmecsKyf (League for Demohf S f d f D kd cracy Alliance) udk Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 5/ yk'rcGJ (u) t& rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? kfH D f kH f f f kH G h 2? ,if;ygwD A[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm; k f f ta=umif;t&m ?
553
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f t& 23-3-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwukd zsuor;f ay;yg&ef r[mrdw'rua&pDXmecsKyfrS OuUESihf S d D f d f D kd taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;wd@k tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmygojzifh Taumfr f &Siwif Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya't& r[mrdw'rua&pDXmecsKyf (League for Democracy f G kfH D f kH f D kd Alliance) tjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;udk 23-3-89 &ufae@rpI y,fzsuvuyga=umif; a=unmtyfyg f kH S f kd f onf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (247) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 10 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 31 &uf) ? 'Drua&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifov,form;/ tvkyorm; kd l f tzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii) Peasants & Workers' League for Democratic kfH New Construction (Union of Burma) udk Ediia&;ygwtjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;rS kfH D f kH y,fzsujf cif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu kfH D kH D kd f 25-11-88 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (148) jzifh &efuewi;f / r&rf;uke;f rd e,f/ ordi;f blwmHvrf;/ JG f k f kd k k trSwf (q52) wGif zGivpxm;&Saom 'Drua&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifov,form;/ hf S f d kd l tvkyorm;tzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii) Peasants & Workers' League for Democratic New f kfH Construction (Union of Burma) udk Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 5/ yk'rcGJ (u) t& kfH D f kH f f rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? f kH G h 2? ,if;ygwD A[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm; k f f t& 31-3-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwukd zsuor;f ay;yg&ef 'Drua&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; S d D f d kd awmifov,form;/ tvkyorm;tzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii) rS OuUESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r; l f kfH wd@k tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmygojzifh Taumfr&Siwif Ediia&;ygwrsm; f f G kfH D rSwywifjcif;Oya't& 'Drua&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifov,form;/ tvkyorm; tzG@J f kH kd l f csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii) Peasants & Workers' League for Democratic New Construction kfH (Union of Burma) tjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;udk 23-3-89 &ufae@rpI y,fzsuvuyga=umif; a=unm f kH S f kd f tyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; ta=umif;t&m ?
554
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (248) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 13 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ {+yDv 3 &uf) kfH D ta=umif;t&m ? ? 'Drua&pDn!wa&;wyfO;D (United Democratic Front) udk Ediia&;ygwtjzpf kd D G f rSwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? f kH 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu kfH D kH D kd f 14-11-88 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (127) jzifh &efuewi;f / ausmufwwm;rd e,f/ 48 vrf;/ trSwf JG f k f kd H 141 ('kw,xyf/ 0Jbufcef;) wGif zGivpxm;&Saom 'Drua&pDn!wa&;wyfO;D (United Democratic d hf S f d kd D G f Front) udk Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 5/ yk'rcGJ (u) t& rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? kfH D f kH f f f kH G h 2? ,if;ygwA[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf; qENoabmxm; D k f f t& 3-4-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwukd zsuor;f ay;yg&ef 'Drua&pDn!wa&;wyfO;D rS OuUESihf S d D f d kd D G f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;wd@k tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmygojzifh Taumf f r&Siwif Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya't& 'Drua&pDn!wa&;wyfO;D (United Democratic f G kfH D f kH kd D G f Front) tjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;udk 23-3-89 &ufae@rpI y,fzsuvuyga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? f kH S f kd f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (249) (1350 jynfhESpf/ wefcl;vjynfhausmf 7 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ {+yDv 27 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? jrefrmjynf vGwvyfrxe;f um;a&;tzG@J csKyf (r-v-x) (Burma's League f _ G for Liberal Evolution) udk Ediia&;ygwtjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? kfH D f kH 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu kfH D kH D kd f 29-11-88 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (150) jzifh &efuewi;f / r&rf;uke;f rd e,f/ (2) &yfuu/f atmif JG f k f kd G csr;f omvrf;/ trSwf (127) wGizivpxm;&Saom jrefrmjynfvwvyfrxe;f um;a&;tzG@J csKyf (r-vf G hf S f d G f _ G x) (Burma's League for Liberal Evolution) udk Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 5/ yk'rcGJ kfH D f kH f f (u)t& rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? f kH G h 2? ,if;ygwD A[dtvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gwwnf;qENoabmxm; k f f t& 27-4-89 &ufae@rpI rdrw@kd .ygwuzsuor;f ay;yg&ef jrefrmjynfvwvyfr_ xGe;f um;a&; tzG@J csKyf S d D kd f d G f
555
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (r-v-x) rS OuUESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r;wd@k tygt0if tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjy f vmygojzifh Taumfr&Siwif Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya't& jrefrmjynfvwvyfrxe;f um;a&; f G kfH D f kH G f _ G tzG@J csKyf (r-v-x) (Burma's League for Liberal Evolution) tjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;ud27-4f kH k 89 &ufae@rpI y,fzsuvuyga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? S f kd f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (314) (1351 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 19 &uf) taxGaxGtr_wGJtrSwf (289) ? trsK;d om;Ediia&;wyfaygi;f pk (r-e-w) National Politics Front (N.P.F.) udk kfH Ediia&;ygwtjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? kfH D f kH 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu kfH D kH D kd f 15-11-88 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (132) jzifh rE av;wdi;f / rE av;ta&Sawmifrd e,f/ r[m JG f W k W atmifajrtaemuf tuGutrSwf (526)/ (84) vrf;/ (38) ESihf (39) vrf;=um; trSwf (397) wGif zGihf f vSpxm;&Saom trsK;d om;Ediia&;wyfaygi;f pk (r-e-w) National Politics Front (N.P.F.) udk Ediia&; f d kfH kfH ygwrsm; rSwykH wifjcif;Oya' yk'r 5 yk'rcGJ (u) t& rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? D f f f f kH G h 2? ,if;ygwonf Ediiawmftm;vufeufpuiI awmfveyeuefaeaom Armjynfuejf rLepfygwD D kfH JG kd f Sfkf G (Auy) aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;. ajray:tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif; cdivaom taxmuftxm;rsm; k f kH awG@ &S&I Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 3 yk'rcGJ (c) ESihf +ipe;f aeygojzifh Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwykH d kfH D f kH f f dG kfH D f wifjcif;Oya' yk'r 6 t& trsK;d om;Ediia&;wyfaygi;f pk (r-e-w) National Politics Front (N.P.F.) f kfH tjzpf Taumfr&Siwif rSwywifxm;jcif;udk ,ae@rpI y,fzsuvua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? f G f kH S f kd f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;r; ta=umif;t&m ?
556
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (315) (1351 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 19 &uf) taxGaxGtr_wGJtrSwf (389) kfH D ? jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygwD (People's Progressive Party) udk Ediia&;ygwtjzpf rSwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? f kH 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu kfH D kH D kd f 9-11-88 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (108) jzifh &efuewi;f / Advwaxmifrd e,f/ (47) vrf;/ trSwf JG f k f kd k f (164) (yxrxyf) wGif zGivpxm;&Saom jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygwD (People's Progressive Party) udk hf S f d Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 5 yk'rcGJ (u) t& rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? kfH D f kH f f f kH G h 2? ,if;ygwonf Ediiawmftm; vufeufpuiI awmfveyeuefaeaom Armjynfuejf rLepf D kfH JG kd f Sfkf G ygwD (Auy) aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;. ajray:tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif; cdivaomtaxmuftxm; k f kH rsm;awG@&&I Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 3 yk'rcGJ (c) ESihf +ipe;f aeygojzifh Ediia&;ygwrsm; dS k f H D f kH f f dG kfH D rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 6 t& jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygwD (People's Progressive Party) tjzpf T f kH f aumfr&Siwif rSwywifxm;jcif;udk ,ae@rpI y,fzsuvua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? f G f kH S f kd f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; ta=umif;t&m ? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (316) (1351 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 19 &uf) taxGaxGtr_wGJtrSwf (489) ? t+rpr;f vli,frsm;tzG@J (Ever Green Young Men Association) udk Ediia&;ygwD Jd kfH tjzpfrwywifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? S f kH 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu kfH D kH D kd f 10-11-88 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (111) jzifh ppfui;f wdi;f / rH&mrd / rH&mawmif&yfuu/f rd ywfvrf; JG f kd k k G kG G wGif zGivpxm;&Saom t+rpr;f vli,frsm;tzG@J (Ever Green Young Men Association) udk Ediia&; hf S f d Jd kfH ta=umif;t&m ?
557
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 5/ yk'rcGJ (u) t& rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? D f kH f f f kH G h 2? ,if;ygwonf Ediiawmftm;vufeufpuiI awmfveyeuefaeaom Armjynfuejf rLepfygwD D kfH JG kd f Sfkf G (Auy) aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;.ajray:tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif; cdivaomtaxmuftxm; rsm;awG@ k f kH &S&I Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r 3 yk'rcGJ (c) ESihf +ipe;f aeygojzifh Ediia&;ygwD rsm;rSwywif d kfH D f kH f f dG kfH f kH jcif;Oya' yk'fr 6 t& t+rJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@ (Ever Green Young Men Association) tjzpf Taumfr&Siwif rSwywifxm;jcif;udk ,ae@rpI y,fzsuvua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? f G f kH S f kd f trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;r; Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J trde@f kfH f (trde@f trSwf 192) 1353 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 4 &uf (1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 8 &uf) ud,pm;vS,a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;rcH&onftjyif rdrw@kd ygw. zG@J pnf;r_taetxm;udyif k f f h d D k wifjyEdijf cif;r&Sonfh k d EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; zsufodrf;onfhtrdef@ 1? Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'ESitnD ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; kfH D f kH hf D kH D kd aumfr&Sionf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY 0ifa&muf,Of ydivaom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J f D kH D kd JG S f kd kfH D tpnf;aygi;f (235) zG@J tm; rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? f kH G h 2? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf trde@f rsm;xkwjf yefvsuf ygwp'rua&pD kfH df D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Of ydijf cif;ry=uonfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm;vnf; JG G S kfH D aumif;/ tenf;qH;k rJqENe,fo;kH e,fwif 0ifa&muf,Of yijf cif;ry=uonfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm; G S d kfH D tm;vnf;aumif; zsuor;f cJygonf? f d h 3? xdkenf;wl ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifuvnf; a=unm csursm;xkwjf yefv#uf Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya't& rSwywifcihf yxm;+y;D aom Ediia&;ygwD f kfH D f kH f kH G kfH tzG@J tpnf;rsm;teuf tcsKd aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ,if;Oya'yg jyXmef;csursm;ESihf kfH D f +ipe;f a=umif; pdppfawG@&&ojzifh rlvrSwywifcihf ycJjh cif;rsm;udk y,fzsucygonf? dG dS f kH G f hJ 4? xd@k jyif rSwywifci&&S+d y;D aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;teuf tcsKd aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J f kH G hf kfH D kfH D tpnf;rsm;onf rdrw@kd qENtav#muf ygwtzG@J tpnf;udk y,fzsuay;yg&ef wifjyvm=uojzifh ygwpkH d D f D 'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf a=unmcsursm;xkwjf yefv#uf tqdyg ygwD kd JG f f k tzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; rSwywifcihf ycJjh cif;rsm;udk y,fzsucygonf? f kH G f hJ 5? ,cktcg rSwywifcihf yxm;onfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;aygi;f rSm (74) zG@J om use&ygonf? f kH G kfH D f dS xdo@kd use&onfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf Ediia&;ygwtjzpf rSwywifcihf ycsu&,l+y;D pnf;H;k k f dS kfH D kfH D f kH G f
558
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f v_y&m;cJ=h uonfrm oH;k ESpcef@yif&+dS yjD zpfojzifh ,if;wd@k .tzG@J tpnf; taetxm;ESihf pnf;H;k r_rm cdirm fS S f S kf oifoavmuf cdirmonftajctaeod@k a&muf&ae+y;D jzpfrnf[k ,H=k unfyga=umif;/ od@k &mwGif tcsKd h kf h dS aomEdiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;. tajctaerSm ud,pm;vS,a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; rcH&onfh kfH D k f f tjyif rdrw@kd . ygwz@JG pnf;r_taetxm;udyif wifjyEdijf cif;r&Sonfukd pdppfawG@&&a=umif;/ uspvspcif d D k k d dS f f kd rmonfh ygwp'rua&pDpepfukd usio;kH azmfaqmif&mwGif TuJo@kd aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk D kH D kd hf h kfH D qufvuf&yfwnfciray;oif[k oabm&&Syga=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; G hf h d D kH D kd JG aumfr&Siuwifjyvmygonf? f 6? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. wifjycsuEitnD ud,pm;vS,f a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; rcH&onfh JG f f S hf k f tjyif rdrw@kd . ygwz@JG pnf;r_taetxm;udyif wifjyEdijf cif;r&Saom atmufazmfjyyg Ediia&;ygwtzG@J d D k k d kfH D tpnf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rpI zsuor;f vduonf S f d k f (u) 'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwfrsm; tzGJ@csKyf ('-r-z)/ (c) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH 'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk/ (*) jrefrmEdiiH nD!wa&; 'Dru&ufwpfygw/D kf G f kd (C) &cdivrsK;d pkrsm; 'Drua&pDygw/D kf l kd (i) &cdkif wdkif;&if;om; nD!Gwfa&; tzGJ@csKyf (&-w-n)/ (p) trsKd;om;ygwD (t-r-y)? 7? Ttrde@f onf Oya'uJo@kd tm%mwnfap&rnf? h EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 292) 1353 ckESpf/ jymodkvjynfhausmf 3 &uf (1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 22 &uf) ud,pm;vS,a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;rcH&onftjyif A[dtzG@J tpnf;wckom&S+d yD; k f f h k atmufajcygwDtzGJ@tpnf;vHk;0r&Sdaom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; zsufodrf;onfhtrdef@ 1? Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'ESitnD ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; kfH D f kH hf D kH D kd aumfr&Sionf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY 0ifa&muf,Of ydivaom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J f D kH D kd JG S f kd kfH D tpnf;aygi;f (235) zG@J tm; rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? f kH G h 2? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh trde@f rsm;xkwf kfH df jyefv#uf tcsKd aomEdiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; zsuor;f cJjh cif;a=umifvnf;aumif;/ ygwp'rkd ua&pD kfH D f d h D kH D
559
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;a=umifh a=unmcsufrsm; xkwjf yefv#uf tcsKd @aomEdiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; rlvrSwywifcihf ycJjh cif;rsm;udk y,fzsucjhJ cif; kfH D f kH G f a=umifvnf;aumif; ,cktcg rSwywifcihf yxm;onfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;aygi;f rSm (68) zG@J om h f kH G kfH D use&ygonf? f dS 3? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf rSwywifcihf yxm;onfh EdiiH D kH D kd JG f f kH G kf a&;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. zG@J pnf;r_taetxm;ESihf pnf;H;k r_tajctaersm;udk jyefvnfpppfo;kH oyfcyg d hJ onf? ,if;od@k pdppfo;kH oyf&mwGif rSwywifcihf yxm;onfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf Ediia&; f kH G kfH D kfH ygwrsm;tjzpf rSwywifcihf ycsu&,l+y;D pnf;H;k v_y&m;cJ=h uonfrm oH;k ESpcef@yif&+dS yjD zpfojzifh ,if;wd@k . D f kH G f fS S f zG@J pnf;r_taetxm;ESihf pnf;H;k r_tajctaerSm cdirmoifoavmuf cdirmonftajctaeod@k a&muf&dS kf h kf h ae+y;D jzpfrnf[k ,H=k unfyga=umif;/ od@k &mwGif tcsKd aomEdiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;. tajctaerSm kfH D ud,pm;vS,a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; rcH&onftjyif A[dtzG@J tpnf;wckom&S+d y;D atmufajcygwD k f f h k tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf ygw0iftiftm; vH;k 0r&S=d ua=umif;/ A[dtzG@J tpnf;. tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J uyif D k f kd tzG@J 0if (4) OD;/ (5) OD;cef@jzifom zG@J pnf;Edi=f ua=umif;/ tcsKd aom A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J rsm;udk h k k f rdom;pktzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf &if;ES;D aomrdwaqGrsm;ESiom zG@J pnf;xm;=uonfukd awG@&&a=umif;/ uspvspf f hf dS f cdirmonfh ygwp'rua&pDpepfuusio;kH azmfaqmif&mwGif EdiitusK;d uda&S_v#uf TuJo@kd aom kf D kH D kd kd hf kfH k h Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk qufvuf&yfwnfciray;oif[k oabm&&Syga=umif; ygwp'rua&pD kfH D G hf h d D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu wifjyvmygonf? JG f 4? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. wifjycsuEitnD ud,pm;vS,a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; rcH&onfh JG f f S hf k f f tjyif A[dtzG@J tpnf;wckom&S+d y;D atmufajcygwtzG@J tpnf;vH;k 0r&Saom atmufazmfjyyg Ediia&; k D d kfH ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rpI zsuor;f vduonf D S f d k f (u) wdi;f &if;EG,zm; yl;aygi;f a&;ygw/D k fG (c) 'Drua&pDjrwfE;kd aom jynforsm; r[mrdwtzG@J }u;D ('-r-r-z)/ kd l f (*) jynfaxmifpjk ynfo@l b0ESihf 'Drua&pDygw/D kd (C) jrefrmEdiiH 'Dru&ufwpf jynfo@l tiftm;tzG@J csKyf/ k f kd (i) trsK;d om; +ir;f csr;f a&;ESihf 'Drua&pDygw/D d kd (p) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH nD!wa&;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf (y-n-'-z)/ kf G f kd (q) trsK;d om;+ir;f csr;f a&;ygw/D d (Z) jynfo@l awmifov,form;or*~ (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii)/ l kfH (ps) jynfo@l 'rua&pDygw? D kd D 5? Ttrdef@onf Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf?
560
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 492) 1353 ckESpf/ jymodkvjynfhausmf 14 &uf (1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 2 &uf) udk,fpm;vS,fa&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;rcH&onfhtjyif A[dkESifhwuG jynfe,fwdkif; tzGJ@cGJ/ re,fpktzGJ@cGJESifh re,ftzGJ@cGJ pkpkaygif; tenf;qHk; tzGJ@ (10) zGJ@udkyif zGJ@pnf;jcif; ryEdkifonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; zsufodrf;onfhtrdef@ 1? Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'ESitnD ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; kfH D f kH hf D kH D kd JG aumfr&Sionf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY 0ifa&muf,Of ydivaom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J f D kH D kd JG S f kd kfH D tpnf;aygi;f (235) zG@J tm; rSwywifcihf ycJygonf? f kH G h 2? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf trde@f rsm;t}udr}f udrxwjf yefv#uf tcsKd kfH f f k aomEdiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; zsuor;f cJjh cif;a=umifvnf;aumif;/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG kfH D f d h D kH D kd a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh a=unmcsursm; t}ur}f urxwjf yef JG f f d df k v#uf tcsKd aomEdiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; rSwywifcihf ycJjh cif;rsm;udk y,fzsucjhJ cif;a=umifvnf; kfH D f kH G f h aumif; ,cktcg rSwywifcihf yxm;onfEiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;aygi;f rSm (57) zG@J omuse&ygonf? f kH G h kd f H D f dS 3? xdo@kd use&onfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf Ediia&;ygwtjzpf rSwywifcihf ycsuf k f dS kfH D kfH D f kH G &,l+y;D pnf;H;k v_y&m;cJ=h uonfrm oH;k ESpcef@yif&+dS yjD zpfojzifh ,if;wd@k .zG@J pnf;r_ taetxm;ESihf pnf;H;k fS S f r_rm cdirmoifoavmuf cdirmonftajctaeod@k a&muf&ae+y;D jzpfrnf[k ,H=k unfyga=umif;/ Ediia&; S kf h kf h dS kfH ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf A[dEiwuG jynfe,fwdi;f tzG@J c/JG rd e,fptzG@J c/JG rd e,ftzG@J cJG tenf;qH;k k S hf k k (10) zG@J zG@J pnf;Edionfh tzG@J tpnf;rsm;jzpfoifa=umif;/ od@k &mwGif tcsKd @aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; kf h kfH D rsm;.tajctaerSm ud,pm;vS,a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;rcH&onftjyif A[dEiwuG jynf e,f k f f h k S hf wdi;f tzG@J c/JG rd e,fptzG@J cEihf rd e,ftzG@J cJG tenf;qH;k tzG@J (10) zG@J zG@J pnf;Edijf cif;r&Sonfukd pdppfawG@&& k k JG S k d dS a=umif;/ uspvspcirmonfh ygwp'rua&pDpepfuusio;kH azmfaqmif&mwGif TuJo@kd aomEdiia&;ygwD f f kd f D kH D kd kd hf h kfH tzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk qufvuf&yfwnfciray;oif[k oabm&&Syga=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG G hf h d D kH D kd a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu wifjyvmygonf? JG f 4? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. wifjycsuEitnD ud,pm;vS,a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; rcH&onfh JG f f S hf k f f tjyif A[dEiwuG jynfe,fwdi;f tzG@J c/JG rd e,fptzG@J c/JG rd e,ftzG@J cJG tenf;qH;k tzG@J (10) zG@J zG@J pnf;Edijf cif; k S hf k k k r&Saom atmufazmfjyyg Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rpI zsuor;f vduonf d kfH D S f d k f (u) uGejf rLepfqef@usia&;/ qd&,vpfqef@usia&;/ tm%m&Siqef@usia&;/ vGwvyfaom f kS f f f f f 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (c) u&iftrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf (u-'-u)/ (*) awmifolv,form;/ u'l;/ ueef;ESifh &Srf;trsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&; 'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf (Aef;armufrd)/
561
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (C) awmifolv,form; wdk;wufzGH@zd;a&;ygwD/ (i) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pk b0opfxlaxmifa&;ygwD (XmecsKyf)/ (p) 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;aom jynfolrsm;tzGJ@csKyf ('-r-y-z)/ (q) 'Drdku&ufwpfavbmygwD (jrefrmjynf)/ (Z) jynfo@l a&SaqmifygwD (y-&-y)/ (ps) &cdkiftrsKd;om; vlr_b0jrifhwifa&;tzGJ@/ (n) jrefrmtrsK;d orD; wd;k wufa&;or*~ (A[dXmecsKyf)/ k () &Srf;jynfe,f ucsiftrsKd;om; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ (X) &Srf;trsKd;om; zGH@zd;a&; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)/ () zufqpfqef@usia&;/ jynfo@l vwvyfa&; rlvtzG@J csKyf (z-q-y-v rlvtzG@J csKyf)/ f G f () jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEkdifiH)/ (%) jynfaxmifpk wnfwci+f rJa&;ygwD (y-w-c)/ hH kd (w) jrefrmEdiiv;kH qdi&m trsK;d om;rsm;wd;k wufa&; 'Drua&pDygw/D kfH kf kd (x) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m r[mrdwf vli,frsm;tpnf;tHk;? 5? Ttrdef@onf Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 592) 1353 ckESpf/ wydk@wGJvqef; 10 &uf (1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 13 &uf) atmufajcygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk pepfwus zG@J pnf;Edijf cif;r&Sonftjyifygw0iftrnfpm&if;udyif k d h D k azmfjyay;yd@k Eijf cif;r&Saom kd d Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; zsuor;f onftrde@f kfH D f d h 1? ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u tcsKd aom Ediia&; kfH df kfH ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; zsuor;f cJjh cif;a=umifvnf;aumif;/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D f d h D kH D kd usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu tcsKd aomEdiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; rSwywify,fzsucjhJ cif;a=umifvnf; f kfH D f kH f h aumif; ,cktcg Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf; (40) zG@J om Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya't& w&m;0if kfH D kfH D f kH qufvuf&yfwnfv#u&ygonf? f dS 2? xdo@kd qufvufwnf&aeonfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf pnf;H;k v_y&m;cJ=h uonfrm k dS kfH D fS S oH;k ESpcef@yif&conftav#muf ,if;wd@k .tzG@J tpnf;taetxm;ESipnf;H;k r_onf cdirmoifoavmuf f dS hJ h hf kf h cdirmonftajctaeod@k a&muf&ae+y;D jzpfrnf[,=kH unfojzifh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG kf h dS k D kH D kd usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf tqdyg Ediia&;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. atmufajczG@J pnf;r_ tajctaersm;ESihf f k kfH ygw0iftrnfpm&if;wifjyr_ tajctaersm;udk pdppfavhvmoH;k oyfcygonf? D hJ
562
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f 3? Tod@k pdppfavhvmoH;k oyf&mwGif tcsKd aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ud,pm;vS,f kfH D k f a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; rcH&onftjyif atmufajcygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk pepfwusz@JG pnf;Edijf cif;r&Sd h D k onfuvnf;aumif;/ ygw0iftrnfpm&if;udvnf; azmfjyay;yd@k Eijf cif; r&Sonfuvnf;aumif; pdppfawG@ kd D k kd d kd &S&ojzifh uspvspcirmonfh ygwp'rua&pDpepfukd usio;kH azmfaqmif&mwGif xdo@kd aomygwtzG@J d f f kd f D kH D kd hf k D tpnf;rsm;tm; qufvuf&yfwnfciryoif[k oabm&&Syga=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG a&G; G hf h d D kH D kd aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu wifjyvmygonf? f 4? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. wifjycsuEitnD ud,pm;vS,f a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; rcH&onfh JG f f S hf k f tjyif atmufajc ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk pepfwuszGJ@pnf;Edkifjcif;r&SdbJ ygwD0iftrnfpm&if;udkyif azmfjyay;yd@k Eijf cif;r&Saom atmufazmfjyyg Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rpI zsuor;f kd d kfH D S f d vduonf k f (u) ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru&ufwpfygw/D kd (c) nD!wa&;ESihf zG@H zd;wd;k wufa&;ygw/D G f (*) awmifolv,form;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)/ (C) tvkyform;nD!Gwfa&; or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)/ (i) &Srf;jynf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (p) trsKd;om;wdk;wufa&; vli,ftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH)/ 5? Ttrdef@onf Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 792) 1353 ckESpf/ waygif;vqef; 8 &uf (1992 ckESpf/ rwfv 11 &uf) EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;tcsKdtm; zsufodrf;onfhtrdef@ 1? ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u tcsKd aomEdiia&; kfH df kfH ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; zsuor;f cJjh cif;a=umifvnf;aumif;/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG D f d h D kH D kd usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu tcsKd aomEdiia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; rSwywify,fzsucjhJ cif;a=umifvnf; f kfH D f kH f h aumif; ,cktcg Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;aygi;f (29) zG@J om Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya't& kfH D kfH D f kH w&m;0ifqufvuf&yfwnfv#u&ygonf? f dS 2? txufazmfjyyg qufvufwnfci&=dS uonfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf pnf;H;k v_y&m; G hf kfH D fS cJonfrm tcseumvtm;jzifh oH;k ESpausmconftav#muf ,if;wd@k . tzG@J tpnf;taetxm;ESihf h S df f f hJ h pnf;H;k r_onf cdirmoifoavmuf cdirmonftajctaeod@k a&muf&ae+yD;jzpfrnf[k ,H=k unfojzifh kf h kf h dS ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf tqdyg Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;. D kH D kd f k kfH D pnf;H;k r_/ zG@J pnf;r_tajctaersm;ESihf ygw0iftrnfpm&if;/ tiftm;pm&if;wifjyr_tajctaersm;udk pdppf D
563
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f avhvmoH;k oyfcygonf? hJ 3? Tod@k pdppfavhvmoH;k oyf&mwGif tcsKd aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf rdrw@kd .ygw0if kfH D d D tiftm;pm&if;/ ygwtzG@J cpm&if;rsm; wdwususazmfjyay;yd@k jcif; r&S=d uonf udvnf;aumif;/ tcsKd aom D JG d k Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf rdrw@kd ygw. Ediia&;oabmw&m;ESihf 0g'vrf;pOfuyif yDyjD yifjyif kfH D d D kfH kd wifjyEdijf cif;r&S=d uonfuvnf;aumif;/ tcsKd aom Ediia&;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. wm0ef&y*Kd~ vfrsm; k kd kfH dS k onf wnfqOya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;/ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk wdwususvuem&ef tm;enf;r_&=dS u J d kd f onfuvnf;aumif;/ tcsKd @aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ud,pm;vS,tcsKd a&G;aumuf kd kfH D k f f wifajrmufc&jcif;udta=umif;yI rdrw@kd . &yfwnfronf ud,pm;vS,a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&r_ H k d _ k f f H tay:rlwnfaeonf[k ,lq[ef&+dS y;D ygw.pnf;H;k a&;udk vspvsL_@xm;=uonfuvnf;aumif; pdppf D f kd awG@&&ojzifh uspvspcirmonf ygwp'rua&pDpepfukd usio;kH azmfaqmif&mwGixo@kd aom Ediia&; dS f f kd f D kH D kd hf f kd kfH ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; qufvuf&yfwnfciryoif[oabm&&Syga=umif; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG D G hf h k d D kH D kd a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu wifjyvmygonf? JG f 4? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. wifjycsuEitnD atmufazmfjyyg Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm; tm; JG f f S hf kfH D ,ae@rpI zsuor;f vduonf S f d k f (u) ureftrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (c) u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ (*) ZdkrD;trsKd;om; uGef*&uf/ (C) 'Drdkua&pDygwD/ (i) 'Dru&ufwpf wuUovb@JG &ESihf ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J / kd kd f (p) jynfaxmifpk wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (q) r&mjynfo@l ygwD (r-y-y)/ (Z) rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@/ (ps) trsK;d om;jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; 'Drua&pDwyfaygi;f pk (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii)? kd kfH 5? Ttrdef@onf Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 892) 1353 ckESpf/ waygif;vjynfhausmf (1) &uf (1992 ckESpf/ rwfv 19 &uf) EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;tcsKdtm; zsufodrf;onfhtrdef@ 1? Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya't& ,cktcg w&m;0if&yfwnfci&onfh Ediia&;ygwtzG@J kfH D f kH G hf dS kfH D tpnf;aygi;f rSm (19) zG@J jzpfygonf? tqdyg Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf pnf;H;k v_y&m;cJ=h uonfrm k kfH D fS S
564
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f tcseumvtm;jzifh oH;k ESpausmconftav#muf ,if;wd@k . tzG@J tpnf;taetxm;ESihf pnf;H;k r_onf df f f hJ h cdirmoifoavmuf cdirmonftajctaeod@k a&muf&ae+y;D jzpfrnf[k ,H=k unfojzifh ygwp'rua&pD kf h kf h dS D kH D kd taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sionf tqdyg Ediia&;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. pnf;H;k r_/ zG@J pnf; JG f k kfH r_tajctaersm;ESihf ygw0iftrnfpm&if;/ tiftm;pm&if;wifjyr_tajctaersm;udk pdppfavhvmoH;k oyf D cJygonf? h 2? Tod@k pdppfavhvmoH;k oyf&mwGif tcsKd aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf rdrw@kd .ygw0if kfH D d D tiftm;pm&if;/ ygwtzG@J cpm&if;rsm;udk ay;yd@k &efysuuu=f uonfuvnf;aumif;/ ay;yd@k =u&mwGivnf; D JG f G kd f wdwususazmfjyay;yd@k jcif; r&S=d uonfuvnf;aumif;/ tcsKd aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf d kd kfH D rdrw@kd ygw. Ediia&;oabmw&m;ESihf 0g'vrf;pOfuyif yDyjD yifjyif wifjyEdijf cif;r&S=d uonfuvnf; d D kfH kd k kd aumif;/ tcsKd aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;. wm0ef&y*Kd~ vfrsm;onf wnfqOya'/ enf;Oya' kfH D dS k J rsm;/ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk wdwususvuem&ef tm;enf;r_&=dS uonfuvnf;aumif;/ tcsKd aom d kd f kd Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ud,pm;vS,tcsKd a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&jcif;udk ta=umif;yI kfH D k f f H rdrw@kd . &yfwnfronf ud,pm;vS,a&G;aumufwifajrmufc&r_tay: rlwnfaeonf[k ,lq[ef&+dS y;D d _ k f f H ygwD.pnf;Hk;a&;udk vspfvsL_@xm;=uonfudkvnf;aumif; pdppfawG@&Sd&ojzifh uspfvspfcdkifrmonfh ygwp'rua&pDpepfukd usio;kH azmfaqmif&mwGif xdo@kd aom Ediia&;ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; qufvuf D kH D kd hf k kfH D &yfwnfciryoif[k oabm&&Syga=umif; ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu G hf h d D kH D kd JG f wifjyvmygonf? 3? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. wifjycsuEitnD atmufazmfjyyg Ediia&;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; JG f f S hf kfH ,ae@rSpI zsufodrf;vdkufonf (u) rGeftrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ (c) trsKd;om; vl@tcGifhta&; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ (*) csif;trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (C) em*awmifwef;a'o wd;k wufa&;ygw/D (i) u,m;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (p) wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (q) jynfaxmifpk"EktrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (Z) jynfaxmifptrsK;d om;rsm; 'Drua&pDygw/D k kd (ps) vDqtrsK;d om; aoG;pnf;cdirma&;tzG@J (v-r-o-z)? l kf 5? Ttrde@f onf Oya'uJo@kd tm%mwnfap&rnf? h
565
1 OD;a,mpD 2 OD;ausmfq ef; 3 OD;apmv_dif
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ylwmtkd rd ni (1) rk;kd ;n?iff; (1) rd ni (2) rk;kd n?iff;; (2) rcsrf;abm 0kdif;armf vGKdifaumf (2) aumhu&dwf (2) wGef;ZH zvrf; (2)
ucsifjynfe,f ucsifjynfe,f ucsifjynfe,f ucsifjynfe,f rEWav;wkdif; &ckijf ynfe,f d u&ifjynfe,f csif;jynfe,f csif;jynfe,f
5-6-1994 &ufae@wGif jynfwGif;okd@ jyefoGm;cJonf? h trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 4if; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 4if; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 4if; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 4if; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tar&duefjynfaxmifpk trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf =opaw;vsEiiH dk f rGeftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf e,fomvefEiiH dk f Zkr;trsK;om;uGe*&uf dD d f tdE,EkiiH dN d f csif;trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tar&duefjynfaxmifpk
tar&duefjynfaxmifpk tdENd,EkdifiH tdENd,EkdifiH
54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321
u,f 21 OD;oef;?u,f 22 a'guwmode;aX; f f

23 OD;jrifhatmif 24 OD;cifausmf[ef 25 OD;vSaz 26 OD;yDwmvif;yif 27 OD;bkvwifh d S 28 OD;odef;OD;
54321 432 54321 54321 5 54321 54321 54321 1 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321
21
jyifOD;vGif (2) rEWav;wkdif; rk;ukwf (2) d rEWav;wkdif; rEWav; taemuf rEWav;wkdif;
trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk
5432 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321 1 54321 54321 54321 54321 54321
568 cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ypkwifjyonf
14 OD;Akvaomif; d f 15 OD;wifxGef;atmif 16 OD;0if;ukd 17 a'guwmrsK;0if; f d 18 OD;vSOD; 19 OD;xGef;OD;
,if;rmyif (1) ,if;rmyif (2) a&OD;
ppfui;wki; dk f d f ppfui;wki; dk f d f ppfui;wki; dk f d f
trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk
u0 (1) yJcl;wkdif; ausmufwHcg; (1) yJcl;wkdif; ausmuf}uD; yJcl;wkdif;
aemfa0EkdifiH xki;EkiiH d f d f wkw kdif H/ ul if; ;r@wGi 28-2-1993 &ufae@wGif w?kwfEfEkdifiH/ulrrif?r@wGif f vky=f uHc&I uG,vGefonf? H f xki;EkiiH d f d f xki;EkiiH d f d f
20 a'guwmpde0if; f f
aygufacgif; a&$awmif (1) oeyfyif (2) uHr a&eHacsmif; (2) aysmb,f (2) f G
yJcl;wkdif; yJcl;wkdif; yJcl;wkdif; rauG;wkdif; rauG;wkdif; rEWav;wkdif;
trsK;om;'Drua&pDygwD d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf d dk
tar&duefjynfaxmifp/k jynfywGifz@JG pnf;xm;onfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tzG@J (jrefrmEkii) $ f dk f f d f H okd@ 0ifa&mufjcif;r&Syg? d tar&duefjynfaxmifpk 23-1-1991 &ufae@wif jynfwi;ok@d jyefom;cJonf? G G f G h tar&duefjynfaxmifpwif a&muf&aexkiI k G dS d f EkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnfrsm;ESifh qufoG,r_r&Syg? f d 23-1-1991 &ufae@wif jynfwi;ok@d jyefom;cJonf? G G f G h tar&duefjynfaxmifpk umuf r@Y 1993 ckESpf/ ZGefvv,fwGif xkdif;EkdifiH/ befaumuf?r@Y vky=f uHc&I uG,vGefonf? H f tar&duefjynfaxmifpk tar&duefjynfaxmifpk =opa=w;vsEkdifiH
765432 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321 1 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321 7654321
29 OD;armifarmifat; 30 OD;armifarmifvwf 31 OD;OD;omEkd@ 32 OD;xGef;&D 33 OD;ausmfoGif 34 a':pef;pef; 35 cGef; rm;&fukdbef 36 pki; 0if;az d f 37 OD;',feDatmif 38 OD;jr0if; 39 a'gufwmpef;atmif 40 OD;wifxGwf 41 OD;jrifharmif 42 OD;apmwml;;wl;; apmwm?l wl
rEWav; bD;vif; (1) &aohawmif (2) oHwGJ c&rf; (1) qdyfurf; z,fckH rkdif; ?_;; _ rki; ysif; df t*Fyl (1) t*Fyl (2) tdrfrJ (1) tdrfrJ (2) zmaqmif;
rEWav;wkdif; rGejf ynfe,f &ckdifjynfe,f &ckdifjynfe,f &efukefwkdif; &efukefwkdif; &Srf;jynfe,f &Srf;jynfe,f &Srf;jynfe,f {&m0wDwkdif; {&m0wDwkdif; {&m0wDwkdif;
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &cki'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf d f D dk trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf u,ef;trsKd; om;rsm; pnf;vkH; nD!wfa&;tzGJ@ G &SSrf;wkdif;&if; om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf vm;[ltrskKd; om;zGJ@?z;wkd;wuf a&;ygwD trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
=opa=w;vsEiiH dk f tar&duefjynfaxmifpk tdENd,EkdifiH tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif a&muf&SdaexkdifI EkdifiHa&;tzG@J tpnfrsm;ESifh qufoG,fr_r&Syg? d aemfa0EkdifiH xkdif;EkdifiH xkdif;EkdifiH tar&duefjynfaxmifpk =opa=w;vsEiiH dk f tar&duefjynfaxmifpk =opa=w;vsEiiH dk f =opa=w;vsEiiH dk f
{&m0wDwkdif; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 23-3-1994 &ufwGif jynfwGif; okd@ jyefoGm;cJhonf? u,m;jynfe,f wkdif;&if;om;pnf; vkH;nD!Gwf xkdif;EkdifiH a&;ygwD
43 OD;cspfwif 44 OD;atmifxGef;pdef
rif;vS ykm;u|f yk?m;u|e;ef;
d f rauG;wki; d &ckijf ynfe,f
& trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf d f D dk &cki'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf
xkdif;EkdifiH xkdif;EkdifiH
1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywiaG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cHc&+yD; h S D kH D kd JG G f hJ ,cktcg uG,veom;=u+yDjzpfonfh jynfo@l v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;? f Gf G f kd f f pOf trnf ucsifjynfe,f? 1? OD;jrarmif 2? OD;OD;Aspw;l f 3? OD;a*stefaemfvm 4? a':pdefwif 5? OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif 6? OD;wifjrifh 7? OD;aZmftdef u,m;jynfe,f? 1? OD;apmOD;&,f u&ifjynfe,f 1? OD;apmxGef;az 2? OD;vSarmif rJqENe,f jrpf}uD;em; (1)/ ucsijf ynfe,f jrpf}uD;em; (2)/ ucsijf ynfe,f rHp/D ucsijf ynfe,f a$ul/ ucsijf ynfe,f wEdi;f / ucsijf ynfe,f k umrdi;f / ucsijf ynfe,f k qGry&mbGr/f ucsijf ynfe,f f zlq/kd u,m;jynfe,f vdi;f bG@J (1)/ u&ifjynfe,f _ =umtif;qdy}f uD; (1)/ u&ifjynfe,f uG,veonfae@ f Gf h 16-06-1990 19-05-1998 ud,pm;jyKygwtzG@J tpnf; k f D trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uf kd Gf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Drua&pDue*&uf? kd Gf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf u&ifjynfe,ftrsK;d om;rsm;tzG@J csKyf rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@
4321 4321 4321 4321 4321 4321 4321 4321 4321 4321 4321
06-01-2004 12-07-2005
27-11-2003
3? OD;apmxGef;vGif csif;jynfe,f? 1? OD;pDauwduuvf k f JG ppfudkif;wdkif;? 1? OD;pd;k odr;f 2? OD;pdef&H 3? OD;atmifaomif; 4? OD;cifarmifat; 5? OD;bdk 6? OD;0if;udk 7? OD;tHh=unf 8? OD;wifarmif 9? OD;cyd;k udivkH kf 10? OD;b+idrf; 11? OD;=unfpdk; 12? a'guwmode;f 0if; f weoFm&Dwdkif;? 1? OD;cifarmifOD; 2? OD;pdk;nGef@ 3? OD;vSaz
v_dif;bGJ@ (1)/ u&ifjynfe,f zvrf; (1)/ csi;f jynfe,f ppfui;f (1)/ ppfui;f wdi;f kd kd k qm;vif;}uD; (2)/ ppfui;f wdi;f kd k azmif;jyif/ ppfudkif;wdkif; bkwvif (2)/ ppfui;f wdi;f kd k rif;uif;/ ppfui;f wdi;f kd k a&OD; (2)/ ppfui;f wdi;f kd k acsmif;OD;/ ppfudkif;wdkif; uav;0/ ppfui;f wdi;f kd k v[,f/ ppfui;f wdi;f kd k Aef;armuf/ ppfui;f wdi;f kd k rHkGm (1)/ ppfui;f wdi;f kd k uav; (2)/ ppfui;f wdi;f kd k u|e;f pk/ weoFm&Dwi;f kd xm;0,f (1)/ weoFm&Dwi;f kd avmif;vHk (1)/ weoFm&Dwi;f kd
10-12-2000
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
05-09-1992 16-07-2003 28-02-1993
05-09-1992 29-07-2004 15-3-2006
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygwD trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
10-11-1991 20-01-2005
yJcl;wdkif;? 1? OD;jrav; 2? OD;armifarmif}uD; 3? OD;pdexe;f f G 4? OD;vSatmif 5? OD;at; 6? OD;omarmif 7? OD;pHwif 8? OD;xGe;f a$ 9? OD;pH0if; 10? OD;aomif;pdef rauG;wdkif;? 1? a'gufwmOD;!Gef@pdef 2? OD;tHh=unf 3? OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmfaZmvif; 4? OD;atmifxl; 5? OD;cifarmif=unf rE Wav;wdkif;? 1? OD;csKd 2? OD;azwif 3? OD;{&m
u0 (2)/ yJc;l wdi;f k ausmufwcg;(2)/ yJc;l wdi;f H k 'kuO;D (2)/ yJc;l wdi;f d f k rdk;ndK (1)/ yJcl;wdkif; oJue;f (1)/ yJc;l wdi;f k k tkwfzdk (2)/ yJcl;wdkif; ZD;uke;f / yJc;l wdi;f k rd;k ndK (2)/ yJc;l wdi;f k om,m0wD (1)/ yJc;l wdi;f k jynf (2)/ yJc;l wdi;f k acsmuf (2)/ rauG;wdkif; apwkw&m/ rauG;wdi;f W k xD;vif;/ rauG;wdi;f k *ef@a*g/ rauG;wdkif; ayguf (1)/ rauG;wdkif; anmifOD; (1)/ rE Wav;wdkif; anmifOD; (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; wHwm;OD; (1)/ rE av;wdi;f W k
15-07-1995 08-02-1991 03-05-1992
15-04-2002 04-02-2002 22-10-2003 2006 1996 2000 07-08-1998 26-02-2004 02-01-2005 08-03-2002
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
4? OD;oef;eD 5? OD;cspfcdkif 6? OD;vSaz 7? OD;vSapmOD; 8? a'gufwm-atmifa0 9? OD;atmifpdk; 10? OD;wifat; 11? OD;armf 12? OD;armifarmifjrifh 13? OD;wifhvGif 14? OD;armifarmifjrifh 15? OD;bbGm; rGefjynfe,f? 1? Edicifarmif kf 2? a':wifapmOD; &cdkifjynfe,f? 1? OD;atmifvSZH 2? OD;azmfaZmftmarmuf &efukefwdkif;? 1? OD;vSoef;
wHwm;OD; (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; awmifom (1)/ rE Wav;wdkif; aysmfbG,f (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; jyifOD;vGif (1)/ rE av;wdi;f W k rwW&m (1)/ rE av;wdi;f W k taemufajrmuf (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; ta&S@ajrmuf (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; oydwusi;f / rE av;wdi;f f W k rdwDvm (1)/ rE av;wdi;f W k ysOf;rem; (1)/ rE Wav;wdkif; &rnf;oif; (1)/ rE av;wdi;f W k tr&yl& (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; usKura&m (2)/ rGejf ynfe,f d f rk'Hk (1)/ rGejf ynfe,f ajrmufOD; (2)/ &cdkifjynfe,f armifawm (2)/ &cdkifjynfe,f udu;kd u|e;f / &efuewi;f k k f kd
18-07-1993 16-06-1993 29-06-1998 07-03-2002 02-01-1994 05-07-1991 22-03-2003 05-03-2005
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J f kd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;vl@tcGita&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD hf kd trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd
29-09-2002 14-03-1997 30-07-1993 08-07-1992 02-08-1996
2? OD;wifarmif0if; 3? OD;vSxe;f G 4? OD;wifuukd kd 5? OD;xGef;tkH 6? OD;pdef0if; 7? Advr; }uD;a[mif;armifa&$ k f 8? OD;apmjrode;f 9? OD;oef;uG,f 10? OD;aeOD; 11? OD;tkef;jrifh 12? OD;jrifoe;f h d 13? OD;oef;0if; 14? a':pef;pef;0if; 15? OD;0ef 16? OD;=unfarmif 17? OD;apmausmfpdef 18? OD;atmifaZmf &Srf;jynfe,f? 1? OD;xGef;wif 2? OD;cGeqi;f f kd 3? a':arzd; 4? OD;atmifoef;
c&rf; (2)/ &efukefwdkif; wdu}f uD; (1)/ &efuewi;f k k f kd xef;wyif/ &efuewi;f k f kd '*Hk rdopf/ &efuewi;f k f kd 'v/ &efuewi;f k f kd vdif (1)/ &efuewi;f _ k f kd vdif (2)/ &efuewi;f _ k f kd vdiom,m/ &efuewi;f _f k f kd vrf;rawmf/ &efuewi;f k f kd omauw (2)/ &efuewi;f k f kd oCFe;f u|e;f (2)/ &efuewi;f k f kd oHv#if (2)/ &efuewi;f k f kd tvH/k &efuewi;f k f kd urm&Gw/f &efuewi;f k f kd A[ef; (2)/ &efuewi;f k f kd vSn;f ul; (1)/ &efuewi;f k f kd '*H/k &efuewi;f k f kd aus;oD;/ &Sr;f jynfe,f uGwcif (1)/ &Sr;f jynfe,f f kd erRw/l &Sr;f jynfe,f yif;w,/ &Sr;f jynfe,f
18-01-1991 30-05-1999 18-07-2002 23-08-2002 04-12-2001 21-08-1992 28-11-2001 2002 20-01-1999 07-06-2000 15-08-2004 19-08-2004 07-11-2004 18-11-2005 07-09-1992 06-11-2002
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k kd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
5? OD;p0fomwifh 6? a'gufwmtkef;armif 7? OD;pdkif;ausmfpdef 8? OD;pdkif;omat; {&m0wDwdkif;? 1? t+idr;f pm;Advr; }uD; =unf0if; k f 2? OD;wifvS 3? OD;pDarmif 4? OD;vSjrifh 5? OD;ausmrif; f 6? OD;wifatmif 7? OD;jrifoe;f h d 8? Adkvfr;}uD;oufa0 (t+idrf;pm;)
yifavmif; (2)/ &Srf;jynfe,f rd;k rdw/f &Sr;f jynfe,f rdi;f wH/k &Sr;f jynfe,f k erfcrf;/ &Sr;f jynfe,f h ZvGef (2)/ {&m0wDwi;f kd armfv+rdKifu|ef; (2)/ {&m0wDwdkif; av;rsufESm (1)/ {&m0wDwi;f kd omaygif; (1)/ {&m0wDwdkif; ykortaemuf (2)/ {&m0wDwi;f d f kd 0g;c,fr (1)/ {&m0wDwdkif; jrefatmif (2)/ {&m0wDwdkif; 0g;c,fr (2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;
26-09-1990 11-10-1994 19-04-1991 22-02-2005 11-10-1995 30-01-1991 01-07-1999 1998 06-03-2004
&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &Srf;wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k kd &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf k kd
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf kd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
rSwfcsuf? ? pkaqmif;&or#pm&if;omjzpfygonf? xdk@xufta&twGufydkEdkifygonf?

1990 -ပါတီစံုဒီမိုကေရစီ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲမွတ္တမ္း

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1990 -ပါတီစံုဒီမိုကေရစီ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲမွတ္တမ္း

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1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& 0ef}uD;csKyf a'gufwmpdef0if;. trSmpm

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f

a'guwmpde0if; f f 0ef}uD;csKyf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f

( 1886 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufae@wGif tdENd,bk&ifcHcsKyfuxkwfjyefcJhaom a=unmcsuf)

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f

93 33 51 55 242 45 255 170 297 95 152 400 204 204 2296

Union for the Improvement of Burma Women (Central Headquarters)

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (3) u&ifjynfe,f?

(u) OD;cGefud;&Sdef (c) (*)

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (4) csif;jynfe,f?

(u) (c) (*)

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f

(u) 'kwd,Akdvfr;}uD;ausmfqef; (c) (*)

(u) a':cifpef;v_dif (c) (*)

(C) OD;aX;jrifh (i)

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (6) weoFm&Dwdkif;?

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f OD;xGef;a&$ touf (70)

(B.Sc., B.L., B.Ed.)

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (8) rauG;wdkif;?

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (9) rE Wav;wdkif;?

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (10) rGefjynfe,f?

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f

(c) (*) (i) (p)

144 23345 393 5963 148

(*) OD;!$ef@vGif (C) OD;wifatmif (c) OD;apmvGif (i)

(c) OD;wifOD; (*)

'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D+idrf;) woD;yk*~v jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drkd ua&pDygwD a&;ygwD

426 1414 1656 14082

k f d (i) Advr; }uD;atmifoe;f (t+idr;f pm;) wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f &&S=d uygonf?

497 33959 165

(p) OD;yg (q) OD;armifarmif&D

9828 121 124 332

(ps) OD;ombef; (n) OD;aomif;axG;

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f

11012 440 85 931 476

(C) OD;wif0if; (i) (p)

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f

(c) OD;pdef0if; (*) OD;wif0if;

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH; nD!Gwf a&;ygwD? csKyf ('D+idrf;)

15417 7520 310 268 163 41 144

(C) OD;Av0rf;auua&; (c) OD;rif;pdef 'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&; tzGJ@ (i) OD;rkd;!$ef@

(q) a': jrifhjrifh&D (Z) OD;vSrsKd;

(u) OD;ausmf0if;armif (vGwfvyfa&; trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;

(c) OD;cifatmif (*) OD;apmvGif (c) OD;aZat;atmif

jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH zq-y-v A[kdtzGJ@csKyf? 'Drkdua&pDygwD

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (C) b&SD; (c) OD;jrifhxl;

() OD;tDprkdif (X) OD;atmif=unf

() OD;atmifoef; () Akdvfr;tkef;vGif (t+idrf;pm;)

2? od@k ygI txufygvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;teuf trSwpOf (*) yg cdivaom qENrtrsm; $ f kd f f f k f kH J

(c) OD;xGef;&nf (*) OD;0if;zd; (C) a':ar0if;jrifh (i) OD;atmifjrifh

wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&; d G f ygwD? 'Drkdua&pDygwD? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drkd ua&pDygwD?

7801 636 28513 536

639 827 814 11137

(*) OD;vSjrifh (C) OD;vSrdif (i) OD;omausmf

(c) OD;cspfarmif (*) OD;wifEG,f (C) a'gufwm a':ykdykd

'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D+idrf;) jynfol@a&S@aqmifygwD (y&y)

223 24 255 1431 40 23

15765 458 15 141 224 2402 59

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (13) &Srf;jynfe,f?

1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSwwrf; hS kH D kd f (14) {&m0wDwdkif;?