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Urinary Tract InfectionU.T.I 
Definition
A urinary tract infection is an infection that begins in your urinary system. Your urinary system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Any part of your urinary system can become infected, but most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the urethra and the bladder.Women are at greater risk of developing a urinary tract infection than are men. Aurinary tract infection limited to your bladder can be painful and annoying. However,serious consequences can occur if a urinary tract infection spreads to your kidneys.Antibiotics are the typical treatment for a urinary tract infection. But you can takesteps to reduce your chance of getting a urinary tract infection in the first place.
Symptoms
 Not everyone with a urinary tract infection develops recognizable signs andsymptoms, but most people have some.In general, urinary tract infection signs and symptoms develop rapidly and caninclude:
 
A strong, persistent urge to urinate
 
A burning sensation when urinating
 
Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
 
Blood in the urine (hematuria) or cloudy, strong-smelling urine
 
Bacteria in the urine (bacteriuria)
Types of urinary tract infection
 Each type of urinary tract infection may result in more-specific signs and symptoms,depending on which part of your urinary tract is infected.
Part of urinary tract affected Signs and symptoms
Kidneys (acute pyelonephritis)
 
Upper back and side (flank) pain
 
High fever 
 
Shaking and chills
 
 Nausea
 
VomitingBladder (cystitis)
 
Pelvic pressure
 
Lower abdomen discomfort
 
Frequent, painful urination
 
 
Low-grade fever Urethra (urethritis)
 
Burning with urination
When to seek medical advice
If you have symptoms of a urinary infection, contact your doctor promptly.
Causes
 
 The urinary system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. All playa role in removing waste from your body. Urinary tract infections typically occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply in the bladder. Although the urinary system is designed to keep out such microscopicinvaders, the defenses sometimes fail. When that happens, bacteria may take hold andmultiply into a full-blown infection in the urinary tract.The most common urinary tract infections occur mainly in women and affect the bladder and urethra.
 
 Infection of the bladder (cystitis)
is usually caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), a species of bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract. Sexual intercourse may lead tocystitis, but you don't have to be sexually active to develop it. All women are susceptible tocystitis because of their anatomy — specifically, the close proximity of the urethra to theanus and the short distance from the urethral opening to the bladder.
 
 Infection of the urethra (urethritis)
can occur when the gastrointestinal bacteria make the short trip from the anus to the urethra. In addition, because of the female urethra's proximity to the vagina, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as herpes simplex virus, gonorrhea and chlamydia, also are possible causes of urethritis.
Risk factors
Some people appear to be more likely than are others to develop urinary tractinfections. Risk factors include:
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