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Notes on GSM
Network Overview
From a customer perpective, there are really only 2 parts tothe GSM network, a cell phone and the "other end". TheGSM standard defines much more than that. The high leveldescription of the network is as follows, starting from your end.1.Mobile Station - Your phone. It's a wireless telephoneand a data terminal which can send and recievemessages from the network.2.Base Transceiver Station (BTS) - the stuff thatinterfaces directly with your phone. This consists of fixed location transmitters and recievers for the cellwhich it is in charge of. Different radio types are usedfor different things, such as subscriber-to-network andnetwork-to-subscriber, different data types, andsignaling. This is "the tower" in your backyard.3.Base Station Controller (BSC) - handles 1 or moreBTS. Gateways to the network.4.Mobile Switching Centers (MSC) connect the GSMnetwork to the public switched telephone networks.Also provide a way to access the databases for who'swhere and who can do what.5.Home Locator Register (HLR) and AuthenticationCenter (AUC) - the databases. These things have stuff for users on the network, guests/visitors on thenetwork, subscriber information - particularly profile.
 
Permananent user info is in the KLR, and the VLR stores temporary info about a mobile phone.6.PSTN/ISDN - The switched network backbones.
Signals and RF Stuff Overview
GSM uses Frequency Division Multiplexing AND TimeDivision Multiplexing. FDMA divides the frequency rangesfor GSM, which are 890-915, 935-960 and some others thatthe book didn't have. Each is divided into 200kHz widechannels. As far as TDMA goes, each time slot is 577micro seconds long, 8 time slices is a frame, lasting for agrand total of 4.615ms. A multiframe consists of 51 frames,51 multiframes make up a Superframe, and 2048Superframes make a Hyperframe which is 2715648 frames.
RF Specifics
 
ParameterValueDownstream Frequencies935-960MHz, 1805-1880MHzUpstream Frequency890-915MHz, 1710-1785MHzChannel Spacing200kHzDuplex Spacing45MHzRadio Power13-39dBm, 2dB stepsData Rise/Fall Time28 microsecondsEmissions< -36dBmPhase Error5 deg RMSFreq Error95HzRecv Sensitivity104dBmCo-channel Rejection96dBm below signalIntermodulation Rejection100dBm below signalSignal Blocking Level100dBm
Packets and data
During a single time slot is your phone transmitting, andthe contents of the time slot is called a packet. Packets aremade of bits, and bits are made of magic.A packet can be 4 different things:
•
random access burst - shorter than the normal burst.
•
synchronization burst - same length as the normal burst but a different structure
•
normal burst - carries speech or data information. lastsapproximately 0.577 ms and has a length of 156.25 bits
•
frequency correction burst - same length as the normal burst but a different structure
of 00

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Sakshi Agrawal

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reply03 / 24 / 2011
Sakshi Agrawal

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reply03 / 11 / 2011
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reply03 / 04 / 2010
vidhujain9

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reply02 / 26 / 2010
Monu_Khanna_4691

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reply02 / 12 / 2010
Monu_Khanna_4691

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reply02 / 12 / 2010
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