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BENIZEAIEMOE. ovrrevtzsropog: qoepn n NcrreBvoxrvocrvuuornro. MrNpoorcnrKn Koroorpoen: Nonorotilou rnv znoov uncrpxouv ox1rn.To uorro Kclrrctsyyovlcl rous rnv xouv xnver iopo roug crrronS crenynosrs.Evcrlnor sKoroppupro rpooeuyes ructv ouroi rrou egrooov pcrNevurot orn McrNeovi rn OpcrNn Kcrt Kol o' cteg neproxg xpog. Er,locrv rng ouojsz(t)n clurcs. o' ouvrKltKornr0 orov Envrop. Eolrnvro oxr xpvrcrpercrro (E))-IETOPIKAoag rcrfreuer onpepo ornv rloxn. Tnv riloxn rng rxcropevng Ecrcrg, rov oupqepovrov rov f,evrovuvcrperrtv Nor f,ovoBupizer ourssLrS rpclyrKcs elKoves rng opoyns K(II rou Ln f,cprzt.rpou. OuoioLou Xpuooropou Epupvng,rcr rns cr8nrc,lvorpornyv, ro poo rou cvizerNou urclrouclpUoorn LnS EpupvngAprorein Erepyron. H IoLopicr riloxng ourns rns ypcuperor crx1rn.
BA If EAH' IIA NAf OIIOYAO'

ro 1922

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YnaOuvoq 6xoonq BAI-|EAH:flANATOflOYO: Ewd{nnC NA:O:TKOAEIVH' !Fouoq Koons :TEPIOIOA:OYAAKH: I' our ro rexoqouvapy6ornxov MANOAH: KAPEAAH: AAKH:PHTOI I-IOPTO: IVAPTAPITH' KQN:TANTI :BOAONOYAO: NO: EAT'INMATZAP EYATTEAO: XEKIMOTAOY A, IOANNH: MOYPEAO: T, AnFroupyrK TIANNH: KOPONAIO: NIKOI KEXATIA: ATTEAIKH TZANETONOYAOY nopoyoyfi OOTOEKAOTIKH A.E, Hexrpovrxi re0uvon istorika@enel,gr

. ruwovropq enrpeu NIKO: BAPAIAI/fiA:H: M6vtpor ouvepydroq OAIAON ITKOYHI MA BA:IAH:KAPAA:H:. ANO:TOAO:AIAMANTH:

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, f*:il ogroruo cturo,oD frnvozcl ctfio tn fii- I rrxn ncrpooon (Kql rou ouoteei onpepo Kp[npro yro tnv ovoyvpron rnE rBoyverogon ro r<porogrou Iopon), Beopri tt roxuet Kctr ylo tnv npoor,rurxn FoD, rnv rroirepn rourtruo. <flpoEuyog> erepng yevrog crn <prxr> yopo 1o norpog vrutog <pnoymrng>. n p.nrpcr ncrri npooEyr'rv on ro Totoo xor ug ro Toovqx-Ko) I' ovcrznroocr rxgpou pizeg poov orcr ncrporcr rng flponovriog Kor rou Boonopou nopcr otnv nocptio yn. otnv untipcto tou Xopuorn. rroKerlrevrKoi ioog or yor xor ovc4xpioo ouvotoBnpolrxoi: eivcrr Lo r1rcto prog rpuEepng nrriog peoo uou ornv orpoEorpct Utctsncrpcroong peroqureOnKeKr ol-lrn, Uozi pe tcr erxoviopnro rng orxoyverog on rnv fln, ornv lpooEuyolrovcr Oeooqovixn. H <opro>, uovnrn uoegEopeg, o1nio (rcr <oropnouorxo>) rng upoyroytog nou ylcr tnv uctttxn gcrvrcroicr Ac.lf,crvrpcrg, (n8crve rav npouv, Sctpp, oxr xpovcov) eixcrv xcru ro onxoopo, ro teeroupyrx' rcr vovoupioporn rng yroyrog orn prxpn pou (<a nte xat nape ro xat nav' to cretpn oro ugpnafttE...r)' ot <ctcqrizrxeg> xouevteg rou rctfrrlou, volJrlKou xcu ntrou oro rpcrvr rng Ocoooovir<ngpexpr lo roD' or onuxg reetoupyiegyrcr eo1rnvro. ro Lo <f,cpcrrroopcr)), vuxreprv zultt'rUo Lorv to rooupexrv Kor rng crornucrg' nou cixe ovrolrtiporo rng orKoycvetcrg oxopurorei orcr teooepo onlreio rng EIctctg o.}.Io xor orcr f,evcr...Epuerpieg nou, rpcr rrou ro ovo.oyizolror, xouv xcrpcx8ei <r0rcr orn uvnpn. o8repn pog eivor n enipcron rng orxoyeveroxng ourns uopooong otrg rKCslrou I]pol]unoers, YcrorpruopY eolrevo nou eivcrr [1cr [poEctveg crn rnv cf,t.rreprxn pou cptpcrvronKor ro orroio, nqp

rloporveoers tc)v egrng xcronpocripetes o xeir^rv lrou eivcrr oxoo vcr cruopvnO. H xouzivcr eivcrr yrcr pvo, 8cr ro uopoexO prcr xo.SooroUevno.to0ntrxn crnpoxouurcr, xornyopio rng xoBnpeprvornros. evrrtcvo neruxnpvo Ecrynr pe yepizer xcte Eopcrpe eooreprxn rxcrvonoinon ror cruoreei ytn pvo pro pcrxopro yro oug toug npoyvoug trn rq Tqtocrrng lln9... rrg onUeplveg <fkrpcr-onperoerg) oto rov o.<prpropcr <Iotoptxv> yro rn Ul KpoororrKn xo.toot-poqn npotipnoo ro upro npoouo, enern yvctpizro u ev ouoreei n nepiurtlon pou xonorcr Exorovroeg xrrcregeivqr or rrcrueprnrcr. ouvc.Lnveg,rlou n Utct ypoppn rt'rv rpoyvc^lv roug xcnoyercrr qrr rcr cryro xlrorcr rng Mrxpooicts Kclr tou flvrou xor yro rous ouoioug, oe o.Lov ryrepo Kor oe crovneproorepo, n ucrpooon ouoteei ororxeio rng rroupooconeio.g evo.crvef,,irno ororxeio, ro onoio 8o roug. Euoyrr< rolropEoer Ktrr tn Euotoyvctlria rng ung '22 r,:ctt, rov (Kopvrctorrirv>peto to rou epEovorepcr,per<rro @epoucrpro rou'43... Ooxcrurlroros ivqr n iro exeivn nopooon rrov Pc,r1nvuou Bcroof,er f,eprzcolrvr,rv peto rnv przrxo, poo oe 2 er<crcrieg eyxcucroroon roug, Kcrr rnv e8vooyrr<n Euoroyvc,rpiorng pcrxeovrxng uncriapou. E8voyeveuxn repyooicr,n onoio, rerxq, Bo Kqrqornoet rn Mcrxeovio picr, oro ouvo rng oxev, cnvgtovn encrpxio rou e"Lnvrxor<pcuoug. Evcr roroprx gcrrvpevo,ro ouoio onoreei pr,lg ovureipevo prcts ctng roropiog...

Qaiov Matyxoung

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nou urKpoororrKn exorporeio KcrrKcrrcrorpoqn, znpioroe Envegxor Toupxoug rourxpovo,ev eivcrrvo orevo envoroupr<rx znrnlrcr,upo cru'ro cripo nou xBnxe, nepo o.n' ro f,epizr,rlro rr,tv npooEyc,tv. fJg roroprr<yeyovg crvnxer ornv reeuroio Eoon tou eypevouAvnrorxo Zmnporog. H Eqq npooxn8nxe ou ug Awio, foiu xor Itqio vo noper UpoS,rov ro Mrxpoororrx p8nxe oro enixevrpo rou crvroyovlopoD rov Meyotov uvopeov vro rnv xuprcrpxio ornv euprepn neproxn rng ovcuorxng Meooyeiou Kor rns Eyyug Avorons. uo eeyxogrov uerpe.Loicov Mooong mg on roug Ayyloug pupooro ornv eSvrxn oEnvron Toupxcovxor Apo.rov, nou ev rnv er<rflrnoovoo xcrr trog 8o lpeue or El,nveg uonrxoi, eivor pio oDvror0uevnroD "veo0lolxror<o" -yro rous ouppoxougrng Avrovr- prxpoorouxo no1rou, uou f,euepvoer xoro no rn roorcronrou "e0vrxo" noepou EIoog(. Axn Pnyou, To r<pio4roxpvro I922-IggE,r1r.A, er<. Toupxio.g> Ilcruoznong,o. 23) onroonnore euOvegunopxouv xcrr opvouv rov nOra rxoopevo r<oporng E}oog rov'22. or npolroyr'rvrorg pr'rgEnvegxo.r Topxor o' ourn tn reOvn ovouerpnon eivcrrro <Ilrvro>nou xrvei n Avrovr. o prxpoorouxg u],epogon orouro re8vn, nepo on g ouoieg Ei.nvov xo.r Toupxorv,nrov neproorepouro orKovoutKn emxeipnon Kor urcr rnl,copouxn poxn nou orn0nxe ovf,oo. on Ious roxrJpous. Au rnv on neupo, n crErf,n1,5 exoroppupiounpootpuyrov oug crporoKcrrorKnuveg euopxieg rng uuxng opoxng Kor rns Moxeovicrg,oxpn rng oeoooicrgxor crorv ueproxrilvpe opo"rog e).nvrxougunouotrroug, ouveoe ouoreeoporrnoornv eovrxn ouvoxn rng xdrpog.H eyrorooroon rous yDpo on ro peyoo qouKo Kevrpo tooedlSnon ornv orKovopio. HpBov ovgpconor cru xaBe ouoryn npooeuur<oir<crr no[ropvor, nou ouvoqvorn nproupyin rng veog Eoog.fJg Eiepyor,uroSerdtvrog Korvoupyres peBougxor r<o.repymrxeg vegxoLrepyereg, eric'roov yeopyrxn nopcryoyn. og Ernvn epyorrKn uvolrn rn ouveo).ov ornv ovonruf,n rng ropnxovio.g.Me rov uo[rop rous Kor rnv uureio roug ouvoovornv [veuprrxn zc.inrou rnou. flprv on rnv Kc[oorpoEn ro eor,treprxqnolrxo. yeyovro exouv oS ef,ng: n Boun rns 31ns Mqlou 1915roluerqr xcrr upoxnpooovror exoygyro ug 25 oxrropiou 1920.xug 17 xenreppiou o ooreug Aef,ovpogxercrr oyxropo mOnr<ou xor oe eixoor nwe ppegue8oiver. Avtrooreugopizeror o voucrpxos Kouvrouprrilrng. or porpoieg extroyego-roqv onoreopcuo o),xoro. rlrngroov ouvorxo 746.946 El'nveg xor etroov or evrzerroi B7s.BOg rpnEougror or ovuevrzerxoiK0vorcrvvlKoi 368.678 qrn<poug. ev n).eroqrnEouvor evrzerxoi,pe ro Kr exoyrx ouornpo rou <ni,eroEnErxo eupeiosrrepteeperog> exyovror 7 evrzerxoi-xcopig Bevrzo(!)-:riCIL ovuevrzerxoi! rov 177 xxnporizeror n xupvnon npnrpiou pun, rrou ous 22 Noeppiou npooiver oe npoqrnEroucr yro rnv enovoo rou Korvorovrivou. or @rl,eeugepor nvouv 0.Iloxn Kol ro onoreeopoeivor gB% urep rou oorro. or owrevrzerxoi pe rov... evrzerxuoro cppoorn Eppvng Aprorein Erepyron eivo.rro. rrpooorro
oln... ((oK0Kle00)).

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roDxov. Avri0ero, ornv rllo neploproUevnolKovoprxn rroypoEio,n pEoon Bnre ornv rpoxqr vo o.noo8ovrrpovo ouoBercr ileprypo(pov pexpr rre, Lnporo Kot tvvoles rou rucw f,veg, ornv eLnvrxn upoyporrxtnro. oKoro o.uug, ouxvo, uovnregorKovoUIKeS Kor ttg, ouvnBclg, oxorvoreveignsplYpovo.oerg gg orpcnrouxv evepyervxor nopoeiqreogrouov ro r<pivetcrr ovef,epeuvnroo<pog ovuSoetov nou xopcrxtnptoov tnv ooKot rov ovutptroerov, non rnv orre8voug, xnpoon rou envrxo euBpt'-ron tpnporSrou. oe pio cnoxn nou or evg vo x6pcg cixov ouotpootoet roxupes cuprr-rnoixg rolrel,ioouv rnv OBtolrovrxn Auroxporopio. To ntroioro To eBvogour o.p8pBnxeypo crno nyeuon egxorvovtxg olrcreg: rn pio neupo,toDSe*r 'rir{ 'ip#itfi;i'rse &vmv:**,rtr, #yv*s; &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&rti'i*w*q

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rou uerg Enveq r4g mxerpnporiegnou pooovotrg peyoeg oorof Ie IUpvnS. nfvtl vou E.\Invropo: rnv Kr,rvorovrlounon, rn ond50.000 Epupvn, rnv Aef,ovpero. Au rnv o.trIn, toDSnunooyi(ovrot yLegrou KpoLrKou ot Unxovropou. rnv <rof,n-r<.ponou ros)), n onoio nu ro 19o orvo eixe xepioer rnv npoguyeg nioo roug orpqoov xo.ovrxn nyepovio rou envrxou neptouoieg Ueydeq ooreiou.
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pn orous eopougtoug eire pe ug xuepvnoergeire pe ug peyo}eg eurxerpnoersrov euporrlctixttvxcoprirv.Or E.LnveE epnopor rng Kovorovrrvounong n rng Aef,ovperog nrov or evrolreoor ovtrpeoo -to orroiosVvoiolnv roltxn nopoyulYn puoLrxoTnS oyopog. przov oproro- Kor rn zrunon mg reBvog Or Envegrpoueziregrng Eyyg Avotol'ng uunpf,ov or eyxpror rxvnoregrng urorc,xrxngreiouAn rnv o.n xeqroo.iou. ons rou eupc'ruoixo n.\cupn LouAtyoiou, Lo npoot-rnrxLouKpolrKou pnxovropo oro envu<croiero unnpf,e onor<uepvnoerg on ef,o.prnpevo ug euponoixg trurr,rg -oe ,u creopouo uourNn rng xdlrnv ef,,oreprr<n pcrs-Kor ug ueprf,,ourciv xpnporoyopeg-oe ,tr qrpopooernv olKovoplxn xqr rn npoorovoluxn oraOeprnrcr. 0o Me ouregug opgypoUUsS pnopouoope,no oxnpouxcr, vo nsprypcllyoupernv roopponio.ri.rg rq 1912,onre ro prxp ei.nvrx ooieroelrleKeror orlg ouyxpooerguou oxerizovro.rpe rn roprqs Kprr.Luonrng OSorlrovrrngAuroxpcnopro.s: rlorzetr<ngovrrnrog ornv onoio.o EnvropS Kqr vo.crorxpIo, xr pvo nnBuopror, cto. orKovoplKo. I9t2-I922, vn peyctorUnUo rol) Ern eNcrerio ouooopeulrvouu.Lourourcov Envcovtrrtxelpnporrv mg Eyyug Avorong xoroorpo.Enxe n r8nr<eoe xivuvo. To rpio rto.prorou e.trnvrxoepnoprr<o orouxo8nxqv. Or uroroerg rrpos rnv o8opovrxn xuepvnon enoryov vo uuoreouv e-

l9I2-L922, KcuofreKrnoennpn xupropxio. Or nol"urxgouyKpouoers <evrzerxv> xor <ov1evrze,\lxv> ef,eqpooovovuSeoergoro eorrneprr< rng xpouxng <rof,ng>,xc,rpig pnopei xoveig ex rcrrv vo. uorpc'tv evronioer reooyrxnr<oruo1rxn ouvo velelcl ous ouyKpouoerg ourg.Kopio ou ug uo (ornv upoypotrxrnro ruov [eprooorepes)iloporcrf,ergev opgronrnoe xor ev puopooe vo opgronrnoer rnv ef,,nprnonrng Ecrog ou ug eurBulrieg xor ug unoeif,ergrou Aovivou xor rr,rvIIoproiov. Aurn n iro n orporrouxn epnoxn rng xopos orn Xpupvn ev olrEronrn0nxe ore puopooe vo opEronrn8ei oro o8p noD ct(popouoe rnv nrOovn oneeu8poonEnvov Kol rnv rvrooxnpo. H orporrctuf,,nroug oro envrnr<porrr< xn o.nepnoxn on rn Mrxpo Aoio ev enrrexOnxe, ore xor Urropouoe enteuxOei, o.xprg vo

To0eorpo r4g Ippvlg, rqg lttxpoypotpfo nepog rou lloptoto. Otoroypogio rou 1917ondpto n0pooroon rou "PtYroero"

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nevuuxn ref,oo.Or elruoprxoi ppor rylvov ovof,,ruroror.H iro n npoocomxn ooEcrero rr,tv EAnvu-rvnI xcrpnporrtirvxorov rnoc pio opn pnpee vn evvolo, oe pio xripo.ntogn Toupr<io. Meoo oro evo eKoroppuprorotv Envr,tv rng Mrxpog Aoiog, rroDexoocrv zton roug o"nro 1914pexpr ro 1922, rn Bo unnpxov, oncoonnore, o.pxeroielrxorpnUcrr<or rieg, roug onoiougxoveig ev r<oryporye. Meervrcrs,oUoS,rrg rrsplouorcu<g ncboerg xqre8enou oov oor xotoqrepov vo xoroEyouv ornv Eoo -torcr Kr ov nog nrov uueporxegovuopovror Kovsis ou ovopeoo orous rKorovroegxrLnegnpoEuyrs oorrKns npoeeuong uunpxov nooi peocriorxor peyoor enrxerpnlrorieg.floipvovros oS nopo.erypoourous rroD Kore(pDycrorn Oeooqovixn, pnopope vo nouUe rr uoooor 25% eixov neprouoionovo ou 1.000ipeg, yeyo, vos rrou roug xo8rorooeurropoDs rcrUerporng U eloxns, evo oe noooor b% rBerov neprouoio peyorepnon 4.000l,ipeg, non peyourepn orKovoprKn oveon. Av ovoycryoulre peyBn ouro ro oe onAuroug opr8pougpuopope vcr oulrnepovoupe ou novct on 50.000unooyiortrror Envegeurqn rnv Eyyug Avoro}n, xerpnporieg f,,eprzOnxcrv xropig vo ooupe unqn ore exeivoug nou neoov Opororoypv, o.uro 1914xor pero, oureKor rov Envrop rng Kotvorovrrvonong. AvriBero, ornv ABnvo, ro xolovrx orp1rouou qvouruxOnxeypro o.nrov xpoux pnxovrop evioxDoe rnv KorvovlKn 8on rou, ornv nepioo

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yrcr roDSiroug youg,ogou 0o eixe ouoreotrro out nou rerxq ev ouogex8nxe, nl.on rov f,epzrop rou Envropou. Anpuo4 An rnv oLn neupo., Kor ol Envegrng Mr- eqvrxo t<pogAoiog ev xrvnBnxov ourvopo xcrr nepipe- oylil.roroq orn vcrv rn uon ou er<einou ev Bo epIppvq rqv vor{4 1919 rou xrov nore. H xporrxn <rcr ;r{L!htr, f,n> rng A8nvog ev pOnxe royteulrevn p- )

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Ixoropevor vo EnveS pon oro ixruq rov <ouppoxcov)Kctl rrpoororng perti rv rng, qo xor eyr<roiornxe oveg eoug orporr6reg r<uepvnrrxoxnpo rnvorux{pfXn Ovrxng oornpoong. Kcrvvo xortit1rp4g nou 8o eyxoreine rov Envrop rng Mrxpog rou Koe frpdro Aoiog ev 8q eixe nourx, roroprxxo.r rooyrr<
peov, urog erf,e n euovootoon tr,tv lovot f\ootnpc xor n ir<n rr,tv Ef,,r, pro ixn-er<xo0crpron oyoproopv yro Lnv nycoio tng xportxng <rof,,ng>. Ilrotoerg rol npoxotoog O ovoyvorng 8o.upener vo oerunryn rou n orn UoKprvn exeivn enoxn n peyorepn npoorovolnxn olroprio. nrov n r<oonxoptovolrioporog xr'rpig qvtiotorxo r<ouppooe xpuo n ouvotroypo. H noporalrryn tou xovvo crurouUrropouoe vo eivor pvov npoor,rptvn Kcrrxr xopig ouverlelcroiero eixe enrtxervo r8er eg. To envrr< xtlpig vo nnporooerrnv oprnv uepioo 1912-1918 xuxl'otpopiog xo.r xn rng nvuororxiog votrrropcnrr<ng flop' ),' outo, n poxlrn eixe xqoerro xopparog. rng 40% mS crf,io.g oe oxonpe rn ipo, rou Kr oDrn eixe unorrlrnSei onvovrt oro oopro.Avri tr,tv ouvn8ropvrov25 po4rv, xperoztov xoveig 35

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{}Wtlb" ffi p*y*ffiu#p* **tgx**rx*w#iir;ffi " {.' r'i r'. r ' or poxpeg npos rcryorro, i,m ** wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww K#p'r*v# W g**v*q K{#i3i{ {}'v'"{.r#z*r's,t3Kuplos, orpoTeulrctrcl, .W
vLT * ffi #*t*p:p :"'lrT .rp ir:rj i". # "i ttr*t:t;y:tt:
xor cixe o1rovetv oe youo. Epoyxo. Mercr rnv uoruxn peroon tng 1ng Noeppiou 1920Kol rnv enovogoporou Krrrvorowivou, or rpers <oulrlroxrxg>xuepvnxor rorrpoqo.oers oerg opvn8nKqv Us norr<ieg pio, vo xnroctlouv ug ugopenx rpuo n r<oOe uoxpeoergroug on ng <uroroerg>KcrruS (rrpoTo xoroog>. yeyovogour onynoe rnv envrxn xupvnon oe olKovoUrxn orevrnro,uou 0nxe pe rnv exoon uxounrou xoprovopiopcnog rn xor oe noooor 50% eni rng r<uxogopiog prf,e ouvooyporrxn roor4ricrrng pcrxpng(n ipo eerooe orrs 50 poxUeS).H pn ouoon tc)v (nrornv xpe0nxe crn roug Bevrzerr<oug oroec,lv> pio o.u ug xotnyopieg xupvnon xcrr ouoteeoe eui eoxorn upoooio orn ir<n rotv trf,,r.

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;id

poxpeg ylct vct oyopooer pio oyyrxn ipo orn pepesmS evrzerxng KUprcP1920,ug reeuroieg xros. n rrpos rct ten rou Meyooulloe1rou, Ero 1918, eixe Erooer oro npoorovoxupvnon Bevrzeou ruov o0 unoupyg prxo prcr rng, ev or orporlorrKeEovoYKeS f. E[oreprxrirv oevo xor peynurepeg.EuvnqBn, rre, n ef,,ng Mnotrror({9. oupqrovio pe ug ruepvnoerg tou Hvtolrevou Boorllioreue 4 Leiou, rcovHvcrpevov llouerv Kor tng forrng rr E6o n A4ror<pcuiog:yro tnv crvt4rernron rotv envrirov uorydrepov noe1nxv ovoyxv, or rperg noponovcoxpeg rv elnvrn[6vn ovoryov moroerg (oro crvriororxcrvolrioporo.) u8o orxovolrxtitg rng trooS. nroroergourg0o xpnoipeuOr np ytirpo, epndepog Or znuvor nou ev xovcv nioo ov og xoqr1ro Yro rnv xoonpoxpcilv iong oroD llop' ' ouro, ro @epouctpro 1921o uroupficrg xor Bo rorno).Iownv nu rrs rpersxuepvnyg Ef,orreprxvf. MncLtorzng nooe orn Bourou oers Uero ro r.Log nopou, rnv upon8eUe ef,nvrnpvn nrov n <oryrepov n u n E-l.qo on u ro ovtiotorxo vpropo ev Bo nrov unorrlrnornovoprxg eprcpog xpo>. ev o unoupyog un Arepvo. Ag onperroBei n Eoo. reooe u Erporronrxv A. fovopng roeoir,tvetnv oYOvn Orxovolnx Etreyxo xot n ouvo.iveon tov ylct yi.rxn r<upvnon rn orporlortKn loxu Kol rnv rprv xuepvnoeov ntov ovoyxoio yro. xo8e oooorKovoUrKn ovroxn rng Eoog. Hrov n enoxn Kor Yro roOe rpouonoinqricrrns Ue ro ef,oneprx rou or <oppoxor> eixov .Luoerto vouttx ononon rns npoorovolrtxngroopponiog. ro.t eixov ovoyvcopioerog x}erop mg Toupr<icrg n rrrrv<ntotoer,tv>, eExrg crurn oulrtpr,tvia ouvoprnrn rnv xuepvnon rou Kelr-l\,noo. Lnvrxn xupvnon eixe xopnynoer rpoxcttoog

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ppeg, o (ouroef,prorog) Eeu8eproEBevrzeos oDvloTouoe Feloon rou olpcuou,Yro vcr yivouv orrovopieg, xor ovoinoton roD orn Epupvn. H envrxn xupvnon, noqoivcror vq nioreuen povo lrc Tnv cuoyio vrrr-rg. rng perovrxng xuepvnong unnpxe uvorrnro uolrxng uongorn Mrxpcr Aoicr, ocrKcrl orKovoprxns evioxuong rng xtipog. Or perovrxegeurBqrieg nepretropovovrnv ucrptnoonrng envrxng r<oroxng,nou ef,croqrqrze poo nieong vq npos rnv Neporxn nyeoio, xi'rpig rnv npeon epuoxn perovrxv orporeulrctrrlv.(H epnoxn ourn 0o yiver opyrepcr, xor pvo yro vcr ef,oorpo"rorei n Moooun, oro onpeprv Ipox). fr' ouro xor ro McrpuoroD 1921,o A. fouvcrpngrercrf,e veSorpcruouKesenrxrpnoerg orn Mrr<poAoio, nou onoeixBnxov ovennuxeig. frcr vo xpnporoornOov or eurxerpnoerg,ex8nxov oo 500 excrroplruplcloxounro xoprovpropoxor n roorrpio rng poxlrng evcvTrrns ipog xcrpoxtoe oug B0 poxpeg. Tov Iouvro rou 1921,or (oupUcrxor)) zrunocrvouYKoKp4revoxpovoroypolruo yro rnv crlIoxoipnon rou envrxou orpcrrouon rn Eppvn, xcopigxcrpio eyyunon yro Tnv ruxn rou xprorrovrxonnOuopou. eAnvrxn xuepvnon onpprqe rn (peH ooonon) ourn Ko.lrrof,eyevrKn eniBeon, rrou xornf,eorn viKn rou Eor<iEexip.

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Hevrexopqv4 orpoqio o Kot oxnpq rou lerpdrvug 1921-22 e[vrqoov rov etr4vrxd orpor

O envrxgorporg xoroxng orn Mrxpo Aoio eixe noqler on gnveg vo pioxeror nepropropevog ornv neprqrpero Xpupvng. Koreixe nov pio rns pe ueproxn 100.000 rerpcryrrrvrxcirv xrro1rrpr'rv, nl,n8uop rprv excnol4rupirov,prcr xpo non ouyr<piorlrnUe rnv trcro. nopopovn uepinou H pororo xcilpo., 200.000 Envc,rv no, oe f,,vn oro onouooe repoono, yro ro prpo rou el.nvrxo npouooyropo,nooo, ro ouoiq oycovrogovozruouoctvor r<uepvnoerg A8nvog. Ag oqrenorng Oei u ro enionpo vpropo ornv xorexprvn rrproxn nrov n roupxrr<nipo, n onoio nnpouoioze ovorrlrnrrr<g rooergvovn rng poxpng, Lreoloreeopo vcr exncoBov ooopouqoug xepooxourxeg xrvnoerg xetpocricov. rogopo roo ong H ouvooyporrxgroorrpriegoo xor oro enineo rou entoxiou (nou nrov uqmrepo orn Eppvn) roxereue xeEooroon rnv A8nvo upog rn Eppvn. Meoorrng evexupioong xpeoyporpcov, envror NegtpnnezeE xpnpotornocrvornv upcrypouxrnro crurnrnv xepooxonio, ouf,ovovrcrg Becrlrctrr<cr to xepn roug. Ernv A0nvo Nctovoooov rn orpc[ruuKn crvqyr<orrnro eKKevcJong Mrrpog Aoiog (rrorrng rng

11

H EOxTxH KATA:TPOOH
0 Kovorovrivog or4M.Aoiu, nr0ovroro oro Eoxi lelip

repcrpero.rn ovorpn f,exoprorcilv oupEtovrv rng xeporxng Toupxiog Urous fotroug xor rougIroog),ocrn el,nvrxn xupvnon urezrov crn ro Aovivo yro vo rornpnoer ro orpor rng orn ypoppn Eoxi Eexip - AErv Kopnxroop, pe xivnrpo ug rcrpxeig unooxoerg ro.repng oulrtpr,rviog. Hrqv ql,oore Eovepu n exxvtoon0o onyou"e l',. -.... ;. n. u,, { . . n , . 3 . J . . r " 1 1 , - e , . r 1 " . g " , 41 i , :" Le."r

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l l , r a r " r : , .

"t'{} iJ }{{l il}T:{}1'l{} $}.:\:*,t; iJlit}

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oe oe onoteeoporcr o8ptoyro rov Envrop rng Mrxpog Aoicrgxor nqvrore uunpxe n enio rng oyyrrnE uopelroong.Onotgnopornpnoe o roroprxgN. lUupoxng(oro uovrore enixorpo pyo rou <H Mrxpoorouxn xoroorpogn>), outn n ei.nio rng ASnvog ornprzrov <oro yopr rou xoproucrixrn> r<ororoOnxero xpro elrnro on rnv crpeon ouvewnon A0nvo.g- Aqxupog, rov eo.rq Huixn e[r" qurn nrov uvorn. rov (4.fovop4g, O npo0unoupyE. fouvopng rrepooero xerpcif. Mnoror(fg, vo rou 1921-1922 -. pernf, lloproirov ueprqeppevog Irporqydg, xor ovivou Kor ouyKevrptrrvovrog N. pvo unooxcIrporog, oerg,roo yro rnv nonrxn eniuon rou rpoLnN. 0eordx4g, l'1. Kor Ucrrog rn orpcrrrorlKnonepuoxn rng El,no.g Iporononoxqg. xcrr yrcr olreon orr<ovoprxnon8ero..To eoo f. Xor(qoveor4g) xppro Lou1921o fovopng uTrcypoUrc oupqrt-rvio unoreooelrro pe xor rn perovrr<nxuepvnon, n onoio enrpeqern exxo0riproq yro ovoqrn oveiou, oo n oyopo ouoeix8nr<eooyoproolrtirv u r4vqyeoio npBqrn, xoBg nrov ooEovepo n Toupxio.ror4g "ro{lS" Kroilorouoevq vq ro. ovorxro proncr rng xor oxPurtxfg

qrnvere-,euroio el,).nvrx. To Oepoucrpro rou ro 1922, o.nenopvog o . fouvopng eypo(peoro Bperov unoupy Ef,corepxv u ev unnpxov xpnpoto yro rn ouvrnpnon rou orporo,ropo pvo yro iyeg pepeg. AAo n perovrxn xupvnon ev ovoerogro opcuon, ropo ro ycyovogrr nrov er<eivnuou nieze yro rn ouvxron rng envrxng orpouoruxng nopouoiog orn Mrxpo Aoio. Avri0ero, ornv A8nvo yvtirprzov u o orporg ev Bo xpcnooeyro no xcrr u n unoxpnon 0o eilpcilc vcrcivcrrooxnpt-ruxn. H rxorgnon H ouvolrio ef,epeong npc,rvonynoe rnv eAnvrxn r<upvnonornv xoon or<pn550 crxounrc'rvexcuolrlrupir'lv,yeyovg uou eprf,,e rnv roorrpio mg ipcrg uepiuou oug 100pox1rg. Oorq ueprBpro yro rnv ovrnon eocov eixov -nov- exopf,cvrnBei. IIpo on rnv exoon or<ouurou rovolrioporog,ixov nn ouf,nBei or oypouxoi Epor, or Epor oro. xro.xro r<pneurxerpnoerrr'4 or

12

0 rorxqrlig A' rou kirporog unoorpfr4yog N. Tprxon4g e{epleror r4v ond oppevrxri exx4ofo rou Arprv Kopoyrofp

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orno 1.300petorponnxov oe poxpoxpvro xpog). Eror, n xupvnon ef,,orce ogoog 1.300exoropUupro veoD xo.provolrioporog,ro onoio ev nrov oxounro xo.r ev ennpooe rn ouvnoyporrxn roorrlrio rng poxpng. H ouvorxn voproUorrKnKDxogopio.nopeperven irq! H A8nvq pnpeoe, ero1, vo toper pio ovooo xor vo rornpnoer peprKous

&x*rg *as\vs&wa{ryp#n*q{:}r # W*p*s,*$ Wsp*$

ffixffie{qffiwyffi wdiwffim #ffiK#cpffi{rtr{*w, *x xem{ewwsffiw*a &w*sp* wffi:* W#ffi*q ffs##Sm${ffiysq #

reorverqxoi oolroi xor o Epogeroonpotog. Tre, o xoOnynrng II. Ilporononcxng, axpn evq qrr ro f,,rrpcryrxo npocouo. nou eupr<euovo exreeorouv iyougUnveg,pe rnv xornyopicrrng oe eoxorng npoooiog, ouvo.ernv uoyxoopirog npartrunn ro.rng rxorpnong rou vogioporog. Oorq xoprovolriolrotq xlnxov orn peon. To vo xolrlrou rornpnoe rn pron crf,,io rou xoprovolrioUoros Kol ouvexroe vo. r<ur<oEopei. erepo To KoUUrrperorpo.nnxeoe vroxo overo, elKooqeroug ropxerog.Eror, o xoroxog evg r<cuooroprxou eixe rpo ro8orpegpvo 50 poxpeg xol vov riro 50 pox1rv ef,ogLnro oe einoor xpvro, npog 6,5% ernoiog. |ro vcrnopouorooer rnv nproon rou orn Boui,n, o lI. Ilpotrououooxng oxroeev xcrprovpropq evmov rov oueurv,ev or reeurqior yeooov. Me ro egepnpo qur, n ouvorr<n voproUorun xuxogopio per8nxe nepinou oro pro, nlqn eueoeon 3.100eroroppprcr 1.800(ev ro unoe

pnves qKopn ro UrKpoororrxprono. Evci n Bperovio nieze yro vo KnpDXOei ourvo1rn n [eproxn Xpupvng r<qrvo enn8ei ovoxr,txn, yeyovg nou 8o rng rve rn uvqrrnrq vo xerpoyoyei rnv ABnvo Kcn vo onorpener xo8e nrBcrvrnro upooyyrong tng reeuroiosUe rnv Ayxupo, or unoupyoi Ef,olreprxcitvrov <oulrlroxrov>npooronoinoov xorvn roxoivoon rrpos rnv E},]qo Kor rnv Toupxio (Mopuog 1922), arrunvrog on rnv Eoo vq exxevoer rn Mrrpo Aoio ror vo rornpnoer rn Oporn. H ror<oivr,ron onoppiE8nxe xor qu ug uo neupeg. O xopronoixmg ev eixe yopr Xro onpeio exeivo, n e}nvrxn r<upvnonoxipooe vo uoif,er uo ronpoyporeuuxo xoprlo: nprilro xo.pri nrqv n ovonruf,n ourovoplouKou Krvnporog ornv neproxn rng Eppvng,ore or <oppoxor) vo pe8ovpnpooro ornv nieon evgrereeopvouyeyovrog.Opr.lgev enpr<erto yxr rivnpo Ue qixn qon, oq yro nepropropeveg )

13

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pctrcr,rrou flrov xoBncolrevcr uepinou yro vo xpvo, n..evcrv poxo roug onvavrt o.nroug Toupro xoug otpotrrS, rou xovcrvro iro. Onog eixe oulrei oro uux Mrircono,or ovriuoor, flou enpxeno oe ryo xorp vo o(pclxrouyqvrcroooov pero.f,, roug ernoergror ,u eixqv ro8eo4ro.Or Envcgcrvovroryopo. nou erxov lepiooro. xcrrnorpvcrv rpE4ro, rou roDS eruov. To yvooro r<pooporoonerSopxiog eivor uoo, nr8cvv FoS vcr unnpf,,ov neproorepo.Bqorx upnpo nrov n o8ro. tptp4roerorpotpn.Tn neproorepo oro porrno. erovov xooopcvo eLl,nvrxg orporg nruv on r<orp xoupcroUCVoS, rpcerqv rou ooxnpo Kol nopouoioze oulrnrtrroroopyovo-ruxng onoovOeong. O orpornyg Xorznoveorng, Kctl uou er<re}ornKe ourgpern rn ixn rtov Ef,r, eixe znrnoer rn oulrnruf,n rou envrxo Xrn yevrxn eniorpc[ou oe [epropropevo crgog. Beon rou Kelro nqoo, oro poo Auyouorov 7922,o orporg ourgrorppeuoe,ov r<oro qvriuq.\g rou ev nLovo.prSpnLrxo ovrcpogxor nopo ro ycyovg u n einon yro rnv emr<eipevn eni8eon eixe roppcuoer qn ro rAn Iouiou. Meprrg pepeg onoyrcr eixBnxqv crpKeres vo xoBov oxev or prooi orpotrreEKor yro vo f,epzo8ei o Envtopgrng Mrxpng Aoiog xor oe ouvxeto.rng Avororxng Opoxng.

Toperoxo 61er onovnporoouies orpouoKv Kor BpnoKODuKv xopis eDpDrepn onnxnon. Or trnxoroppeoer. f,rorlroroxr,rv, And eT0(oTnv ves rns Mxpog Aoiog Eoiveror rr nopUervov Ayxupou, rrrEuoKKoi. oro Ernv unOeon ourn xpnolForrorn8n"Otxt" Ke o enrKeeongrou FerIIou, orpcrrnyS flono-

Eni-troyog H upoyporrxn orpcruoruxn roropicrrng prKpooruKng exorporeiogev exeroxpn ypoErei. H ropficl. oropio ourn ev 8q oqopo pvo pcrxeg, ov1rcno eurepoxopri nrov n unern yrcl rnv Krcl^nqn o0poEpov r<or xrvnoerg povoov, novor oe xoprng Kovorovrrvouuong c[r rov envx orpcrr. reg pe f,evxo ovporo. Oo ueprtropoverroug xrfro ro oxou our ovoKn8nxe oro orpcrreupo Kor roegnou rnoroxrnocrv,rous eroeg xrl,rcreg ropiornxc cnrxcqongToDUCrurTTou o orpornyS nou uoppervov xpvro oLxLnpo un rcr no, Xorznovotng, o ouoios opxroe vo oDyKsvrpovr roug ol,oug nou poSorvov on ro ypopporo rov yro uvc4rerg vcrnpooneroro trvcl. H ABnvq eouyyevv roug u ro xopoer flounBnxe,u o rorng f,nprnoe,pog, nE ouotpcroerg crnrnv crnqcron xoyuEogcrncrtooe xpnlroro rou, u ro norro ro rtov <oulrpoxr',rv> unovoxpnoe, prgouvovrnxor roug nervooov.Toug exoegxrroeguou ev eoe rnv Ko0ern ovriOeon rng loiog. H Ayyio, neorperycrv, roug exorovroeg xrroegnou ev pc^lrrou cixe rr-rOnocr A8nvo oro oirnpo LnE. Lnv oulrgdrrnBnxov uor ov nOeovvo gpoupov rous Urvclvnoe Ue rnv Ayxupo vo rornpnoer n iro rov eypeegtou Eoxi Eexip. Mvo pio rroro roropio., nou xo rov Xrevv, pe ovrcr}oylro rnv envrxn ouoKor ev Bcrovcrznronpoev 8o pixver ovoBepc[cr xpnon crn rn Mrxpcr Aoio., ev rqDrxpovo oUreg,0o propoer vo orrovrnoeroro eprnpo: |rocrve orpcurouxegSeoerg orn MoooDn. ri exeivor rou ro 1921eixcl rprnoeriyo f,o on Xug x8egrou Eoyycrprou, envrxcr to orpcrreDevrnv Ayxupo.,to 7922pvozcrv<oto oflitto UoS)), voovrcrg,tr reogncrvrorv eixe peiver ou ouro; {i} r;,*ii*lvtx,ii}{ {_:r'i\rj'[:{i{; r1"il{ft{ fi,{il,Jt}*r;}tr.i{i,iif,i;, Mro roropio pe ourogroug orxoug0o opynoer rn novq ypoErei, oEo exeroS uponrroDUevo p u i :;st ir : *{i{d:}ri}"il{3v{}i?{J c** x l.* !4: 1 #q} ri} q.:s q.: ouoymn ouooyn on norr<i).o nLeypcncr,crllcl t:}}-\1i3t].rt",t\,i{3i:{..i|t. qvriororxn upoo rng roupxrxng roro{::{,i*-lr'1"{{,,J$1'{:{i *i}!'{ufuf{t*ig"}q, o xor rnv proypcr<piog, onoio.oyvoopeunporg.Ko.rro ernv pnro ev eivor pvo n yooo.. I prg or evpyres .Log, o ouoiog ovur<oroornSnr<e qnoreerou npxroov vo rcrpouoro.zouv oproUevcl

1919 H 1n pepopxio rou el.nvrxou otporo ooIozrror orn Xppvn (2.5)' o Kepo opyovr,;vcr rnv ovrioroon evovrlov rov Envorv (6.5)' ro nporxoorng ApooeroEKnpuoocr rnv ovrioroon rou toupr.xou oou (6.6)' evroxuovror or cnvl<cg uvoperg:o orpcnnyg . flopooxeunouog Erover otn )pupvn (28.6)' opxizer o roupxrr<g ovroptonepog Gou.;' opyovveror n envrxn Xrporro Mu<pog Aoio.g (ex.)

rcovEnvov npog Ouoor<-Toevrig(1322.8)' opyovverol orr rov Kepo roxur<g toupxrxg orporS (26.10). o Bevrzeogouvrpietor orls eKoyS Kol otn ouvxeto Bo ovoxrrrpnoer oro eforeprx (1.11)' o flonouog opizrrol orr tnv xuepvnon Pon rorr<ntng rns trpcrros Mrxpcrg Aoio.g -Beoporrrg ocryeg oro orporeupo ovuxnBiorovror ot evrze),rxoi (NocU.)' cfirorpcecr of,tt,-rpottxoi xornrv npoqnqiotrroroso Krrr0log oorrog Kcovorovrivog(6.12) 1921 O Bevrzeogpe emoron rou ornv ei.nvrt<n npeoeio oro llcrpior unocrxver rnv cKKevt.ronrorv fiepov rng XuvBnxng rr,rv )epciv xoronrpOerov neproxv rng Mxpcrg Aoiog -onoler rnv unerf,n rou ornv orKovoUrKnxpion rng xpog (Icw.)' rooulrpoxrxn tooxeqrn rou Aovivou: nporeiveror o ro.xovovropg rou Avor. Znrnporog pe oon rng EuvBnKn r6lv Xepv -or E}nveg roeorvouv tr UIIopov vo ouvrpi\Uouv ug uvolrerg rou Kclro-or Toupxor zntov rnv xornpynon rng XuvBnxng rov Eepv or Envegonoppinrouv rnv nproon rov Xulrlroxc,rv yro ovomyn totnrrxou pou (9.2)' rnr,4rouxg lporoouLleg rou Kepo yro oupEcovlegpe ug Meyneg uvoperg xnr rn Xo. Evcoon (Oe. Mop.)' ond-rereg eAnv.orporou oc rou cfirxcrpnocrE Eoxi Xcxip xor ro oro

r920
H AtooxeEn rou Aovivou onopooizer vo ncrpoxr'rpnBei n xppvn pe mv evoxpo rng ornv Eoo (15.2)' or Iuprlroxor xoLoopcrvouvnpoourplvo rnv Kclornvtrvonon (3.3)' o KeUo riBetor exrg vpou (3.3)' o . flopooxeuuouog opizeror rotxnrng rou fcv. Xrpotnyeiou. ro onoio on rn Oeoocrovixn orn Uero(pepetor Epupvn (15.3)' opxizer roupxrxg epErog rrrUos ovopeoo oroug unoornprxrg rou Kepo Kor rcDv rnord-rv to ooutovo otporeupotr'-rv o (Anp.)' oxnporizeror fipoooprvn xupvnon oil rov Kepcr (27.4)' yevrKn emotpoteuon Toupxrlv Avoroing (27.5)' outrrEcovieg Kepo rou Ue Irooug (15.5) xor fooug (30.5)' or Xuppoxor ouyxororiBevror ornv [epropropevn npoeoon rou envrKou orpotou (7.6)' or Enveg roroo1rovouv rn Ori,oEen (14.6). or Envsg npoeovouv otnv Avororxn Opoxn (Iou.)' or orpfilouKeg uvoperg tng Mrxpog Aoiog upooBovror pe entruxicr otnv evoxpo (Io.)' XuvBnxn tu-rv Xepv: onoEooizovror n nopoxpnon rng Xlrupvng Kor rns rvoxpog rng oc cnvrxn roixnon xor n revpyero gc ScnonpoqrntpioyoLog Lcr ropoxt-rpciLot Avor. Opoxn n Lrxprrnv Toororzouopoxopovtot optour<o rcr vnolo rou Avor-orxou Aryoiouorponropg rcov Xrevvnproplzorr o roupKrKog orporg xor orog(28.7)' onuerpo evovriov rou Bevrzeou oro oro8U rne ^rv (30.7) cntBcLrxeg enrxerpnoerg

Agrv Knpoxroop (Mop.)' xupvnon louvopn (26.3)' or onoruxieg onyov oe ooyg:o orpornyS ouopovng ovoopover rnv enonteio rng )rporrog (MoroS)' n envlKn xuepvnon ev onoexeror rn rolreooonon tov uvolreorvrns Awow (8.6)' or Enveg onlrcrtirvouv onUovnKCScnrruxieg oe opog rr,rv Toupxcov: xntcro1rovouv ro AErv Kcrpoxronp (30.6) xor ro Eoni Xcxip (8.7)' or Topxor uroxt-rpov ornv evoxpo (Io.)' o Kepo ropizeror opxrorpornyog(23.7)' eroLporcio rou Xoyycrprou: envrxgorpoTS o r<oteuBverorfipoe rnv Ayxupo (1.8)' n eKoTpoTeio onuctuvcl onpov rrxn onoruxio. o cnvrxg orporg unoxr,rpei xcrr or f,,veg Kuepvnoels ouyxoipouv rov Kepo yro rrg vixeg rou: TO TKHNIKO EXEI A^^AEEI (Auy.-Xen.)' puouxn oqrEovio Kepo xor for,rv vcr oxupoBei n )uvBnxn tr,rv Eepv (27.9)' \te rn ouvBnxn rng Ayxupog or Toupxor enrruyxovouv ovoxt-rxn ue rous looug. or onoior eyxoroeinouv oto roupxrx oEog nolr4ro orporlcrrlK urx (7. 10) 1922 No rroxeqn oro flopior: n Eoo xetor rnv ovoroxn -or Toupxor ollolrov exxvr,ion rng M. Aoiog xor rns Avor. Opoxng (9.3)' or ftooi erxevvouv rnv neproxn rng Eqroou (5.4) nopoirnon rng xuepvnong louvopn -Koroqtneizeror xupvnon XLporou-xoepvnon Euvoonropouun rov flpoirononooxn (3.5)' o otpornyg XoTznoveorns ovrrKoBloro rov florlouo oLn XLpotroM. Aoiog. cv IIpoYucrro[orouvrcrr g er<rerolrve nny g oro oTporeupo(22.5)' oxero Yro rnv eorroon rou orporo orn M. Aoio pe orxo rnv xoronqrn rng Ktrlvotovrrvouno}ng Gou,\.. )' crpxizer peyon roupxrxn eniBeon ( 13.8)' o TOYPKIKO' 'TPAIOE MIIAINEI ETH EMYPNH (27.8)' tr,rypoi tcrv Envov Kor nupfinon mg ung (31.8)' onoxpnon rt'.rvcnvrxt'.rv orporeDuorov on rn M. Aoio (1 5.9)

A. flopooxeudnouog, Kor 0. Ilriyxoog dor entrssiq T0 Uesrov

(1920) KoTf rrepioo envrK{q rnq npoeoonq Xprn Tnv

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eSvrxn roroproypoglcr, rcrvypcrqrer roropio rnE, rnv xpno4ronoiei xouoreg ouyKeKprUovg evvoreg.Kor 8Aerro e8vogvo ovuopoverot rnv roropio rou peococrurcbv ewotov. H crvrinqrnourn rng rr(ov oropicrg ovrcrvcrxo eOvoxevrprop xo0e erov rng Bvrxng roropiogKor epxrrcrloe ouyKpouonLruS ovriororxeg ewores rcovqotve8vrxiitv roroptt'rv. fro uopoerylro, n (sKorporeio rng MrNpcrg Aoiog> (pn crpvnrrxn rvvolcl Vlcl roSEnveg)eryro roDS vol <Noroxn> Toupxoug.<llepogyro rnv oneeuBprrron xor peytrn vixn>, eivql (Koroorpoen> yrcl rous Enveg.Ernv lepioo ornv ourn, nou ef,oroouBouv ureproxuouv ot eOvovcl KevrprKeg crureg crvtrnqrerg roropicrg, rng eivcrrnou uoxoovcreNqrpoorei roveig trre ytiooo rng rn <ongrreDpcrs). Kor' opxog,ro rog1922eivcrre0 oourvog Meper6o9. vcronporox rogyro rougToupxoug,eivor ro eros pe Iuvepyorqxe <rng o.reeu0pcoong>. xcrroxrxguvopergxr Or rrqxorolrxegpvo eur0upoocl vcl ncrpolreivouven' oprorov uvtiperg, o ornv Toupxio, croeneicor<ov o6 eniong vcrrf,ouv KcptiA unepioluoe rous roupKrKoug nn8uopoug rrpog rnv Kevrpxn Aoio (rvr Tzoptz). llop' Ao nou o oourovog Mexper 6oExor n r<uepvnon ornv Kc,tvorovurou vonon, npoKrlrevou odloouvrnv o8copovrrn vu uvooreio, ouvepycrornxov uS KclroxrNeg uvoU perg, n nu8pvnon rnE Ayxupog xcu n E0voouveeuonxorcrqrepov nerxoovro orxo rougpe uo vcl o) ruorporio,) nepo. Ern rncoporio,n xupvnon rng Ayxupog e vnpynoc pe uo rponous: rrpurov.eoernv uuo

ornprf,n rng Xoreuxng trvoong xcno rou rp[eproropou. eurepov,expercreu8nKe cvnxpouro xoroxrxv uvcrpecov. lrevo oulreepovrclroJV "lo 1922.ro pcyoutcpo rov trrpog orpoTnylKrdv ourv xrvnoeov rng Ayr<upog onoeixBnxe cruoreeoponN.Xrov uepo,n xupvnon rng Ayxupog vixnoe rougEAnvegong poxegrou Ivovoxcrr rou Eoyyoptou.Xro rnr,rpouxeniueo, n Ayxupo xopof,e exei nou eur8ulrouoero ovopo ornv Avoron NtrrNcncrqrepe oerpeynn uuoornprvo f,n oe no Kor xpnForcrou rn Eoreuxn Evoton. H AyNupo xotctpcpe enjong vcrouvoqrer oxr-or.tg pe xcrBe KcrroxlKnuvopn f,exo:prorcr. hnicr H Uro nrov ooopeornFevn, enernev nnpe rnv leproxn rng Epupvng.H fcri.io, pero rn poxn oro Xoyynpro, xorocre n ruepvnon rng Ayxupcrgeixe n onpovuxo roxupouornBei.Or uo ornv ourg rpueproronxguvcrperg crpxrocvororqKovo onoon LroKpuvovrcrr rnv lonrxn rng M. Bperoviog. Etor, ro 1922piorer rnv Eoo vo unoornpipvo on ro Aovivo. zerol ouolcrouxcL Tpicr exotoppupro ov8pi':nor xor exc[ xrroeg rerpoyc,rvrnoxrrperpo nrcrv un envrxn Noroxn. H n8rr<nKol otKovoUlxn xorooroon rou envrKou orporeupcrrog rucrvuoxpiorlrn Kor or rureg rou Ivovou Kor rou Xcryynprouenreivoroovrnv Kcrrcloroonouln. Tnv ito ncpioocoro Drnpxe KcllUro roxDpn ovuuoireuon roo ornv Ktovorcrvrrvounol,noo Kcll ornv AyNupcr,xcuq rou Mouorog Kelr.L.' O nprog nogcvnuo).ireuong eivnr ro non xar o

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Tuuog rng Krovorovtrvouong. ro noon, o efro Bvrxropgeivor eurxivuvog roo ylcr rnv oOcopcrvrxn uvooreiqoo xqr yto uS xoroxrxguvoperg. H xuepvnon rng Ayr<upog eivor ittihatqi,, ypcr, ger o npooroypaEogrng eqnpeping <peyam-i Sabah>Ani Kep. O eurepognog rng cvunoireuong xorcr rou MouorcrEo Kelro nrov poo ornv E8voouveeuc;n, ornrr Ayxupo. Ernv E8voouveuon unnpxov uo owrxpoupeveg <.ro uvcrperg: upro yKpoun))nou urroornpue rov Mouoroqo Kelr), Kol (ro erepo yKpourr)uou oweri8ero o8evopoornv uourxn rou. Orcrvo Mouoropn Kelm 8noevcr ef,ouorootnOei ou rnv EBvoouveuon vo cwooer yro neproorepeg ef,ouoieg,n EBvoouveeuoneotoern ouyr<ortrSeon orepo on peycreg rng ropoxegovopeoo oro o (yKpou[>. Orov n xupvnon rng AyKupoScpxroe vo loxupololeircrr, or f,eveguvoUelSopxroov vo orvouvnpeoeuregKor eKrrpoonougornv Ayxupo. Trg rei,euroies nUepsgrou exeppiou 1921 eErooe ornv Ayxupo rnc,tlrouxn ovuupoootneio on rnv Ouxpovio.1-rc entrcqons ro oTprnyo Opouvz(Frunze). H reern unooxngrng our<pcvrKng ovulpooconeiag nrov peyoerng,xor or oyyrxg unnpeoieg nnpogoprv oxoioocv u n Ayxupo erve peyoLn onpooio ornv Ouxpovio ru uepipeveonpcwuxn on8erq., Xug 2 Icrvoucrpiou 1g22 n crvrrrrpoooneio rou orpclrnyou @pouvz unyporyeoupErovioEricrg pe tnv xuepvnon rng Ayr<upog.H oupgrrtvio rou

orpornyoD opouvze ouoreeoucrrrKnrnv llfoH|o,p,i ruqv yrcr rns

Aqxupo xor n Eoreur<nEvoon orereorpoucDrl- O0opovrrflg x urx<,opKcr rpelsrof,ropxicg,r Auroxporopfog o vtcl Mexpr rre, n Eorenxn Evioon eixe npooqrpei Kepti xordgepe ornv Ayxupcr on8ero ouvorxng o.f,,iog fr er<cr- vu 4ptoupy{oet rolrlrupir,rv excnv ef,nvro xrroov pouic,lv rq vfu Toupxiu, experoeud(616.000 roupxrxg ipeS). nS Errg27 Icrvouapiou, clpeoospero rnv ovcrxpnon pcvoq ovn0eoetg rov rns ouKpclvrKns clvnnpooc,lneiog, qrrooe ornv ouilr0xov Ayxupo o upeoeurng rng xoreuxng Evroons Apo-},E (Aralov.1. rooxerlm rou floproro Orqv or KcrroxrKes uvolrergxorooov u npe" ue vo ovo0ec"rpnooDv Xuv8nxn rov Xepv, oprn ynvcooovrn roor<eiynrou flcrprorou, crn ng 22 Mnpriou pexpr ng 26. Ern rooNeqmoulrlrereixov or unoupyoi Ef,coreprxv rng loiog llouovxop (Poincar6), rng Ayyiog Aopvt Kpzov (Lord Curzon) xor rng ILoiog Lowzep (Schanzer). Or unoupyoi Ef,rorcpxv ouvovrnSnxcLv U0 rov Toupxo unoupy Eforeprxrbv rng r<upvnongrng Ayr<upog fiouoog Kelr (Yusuf Kemal), o onoiog oxoiooeOeuKqrnv reo rng ovrooyngnnOuopv ovolreoc.ornv EcrqKctrrilv Toupxio., ILrg 25 Mopriou o oourovog npLcrve ltuorrKn oulrqrovio omv Ayyio. Zinr,at. on ro ovivo rnv Aprovouton,nou pror<rov un cAnvrxn xoroxn xor [opclxu,pouoc ornv Ayyio rov ccyxo rcovhcvv. Tnv 1n Anpiou, prog,ro ovivo onpprqrernv )

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reeopcr x. Oouor vo pnv gnopoerva evngepo oer eyxoipog roug ovcorpoDs rou. Eng 10 Moiou, o x. Oouor,ouvoeupevog ou o ro npoor,rnrx rng rpeoeiog, Euye yro rnv Ayxupo, cnpnvovrcrg nioco rou pvo evo xolrno8po unono. ron1ro O Toupxog unoupygEf,r,neprxv er<ove oro Xoreux npon Aporp, o ouoiog znrnoe ouyyv1rn ex ppougrng xupvnongrou.' Te.Leutoiog nepog To Mcrro rcv 7922oro uux grouo Drlnpsrouoov er<cnv oyvro pio xrrcreg Topt<ot orporrpu8pog. pe rS,rrou exucrreuovrcrv rcrxroroug

rpououx yyporporng 3ng Iouviou 1922, nou eorertreo ovrorog rorxnrngrov Kcrroxrxtiru uvo.pec'rvorpcunyg Xoprvyxrov (Hurrington). cnronpoivern <ourn rn ouylrn roo or trnveg oo xor or Topxor yvrrrpizouvu oe nepiuroron oppof,,ns onoro reopo0o eivor oqlo) xor onperver u <ev pnopei vo.pe0ei Aon pe ro uo>. O envrxgorporg puopei vcr ovref,er oxpn evo xpvo, ypoger o Xoprvynrov. O uorog oppoorng rng KovorovrrvonongPpuo.Lvr (Rumbold) ypoEer oug 5 Auyoorou: Ioprerxli uproon rou ooutovoueyovrcrg ev puopei vo u <Tperg uvc4rerg ovrrnpooornefo Beouvvo xnpovolrnoouv rov mqvAyxupo. xover pro oupgorvioxorpigug oeguvoperg. H Mouorogo Kelro: or onooi rou Epp, or uoorMo1u orfpr{e Ern rooxeqrn rou lloproro, or rperg uvoperg oi "ittihatgilar" xor o oourovog. oupEvnoov u or Envegnpeuevo eyxoroi.eionoqoorortxo >O oourovogeivor n xotrrepn enroyn yrcr ro r4vAyxupoqroDvrn Mrxpo Aoio, qIo n Ayyicr, nou ev eovivo> ouvexizero Pnlruovr.' (tvovTiov Tov mBulrouoe rnv onoxt^rpnontrrtv El,nvotv, xcr8uoreMero. rn rooxeqrnoro llcrpior, n Ayyio r<oropnoe rpneproArordv, poc.r rucopouxvoriv rnv onrpoonourn. .Loqiver u eivqr nrcr n pvn uvolrn rrou DrIoTo yeyovg orn Moxo ornpizer rnv nopouoio rng Eoog orn uuxn MrOr oxoergrng r<upvnong AyxupcrsKor rng rng xpo Aoio Kcrl oug ouvoprl.ieg Ue rnv A8nvo qvcrEoreuxng Evi,rongnrov uor<og, oo vq rEpovror rrro orn Mrxpo Aoio. olg <ourvopn neploxn>. noporrx yeyovg, rou eyrve oug 21 Anpriou 1922. clroxiooc uS oxcoclS clurcs. Mero rov Anpiro, n Eqo opxizer ororcrxcr To pnu mS 21nSAnpriou n ooreuxn ooruvo ptAoctyto <<Tovior>. volrio upoyporonoinoe egoo oro xripro nou peO unctog crppoorns orn Egupvn, Ercpyrng, vov or orporroluxoi oxAou0ot on rnv Ayr<upoxor oug 30 Iouiou,eiue: <nproupynoopernv lorviq). pepegpercr,o EnvogunoupygEf,o> ouvoov vov on ourous gozi pe ro yypo<po Teooeprg xot ro. opxeio rou. reprxv Muo-Lroung, pe vro rou rrpog ro ovivo O upeong rng Ayxupog Ai Oouor (AIi Fuat) evnpepooernv oyyrxn xupvnon u n Eoo u ropoprupnBnKr vrovcr,euronpcrivovrcrg or ooenr8ulreivo oulrperooxerornv Kc[oxn rng Kovorocrouio. vrrvonong. reuxeg opxegnopoicroovrn rn-.rrrlrorrxn H ooreuxn ooruvolrio rexoqe tnv eurNorvolvicr H Ayxupo yvr,rpizeru n oyyhxn xuepvnon pe tng toupr<rxngupeoeicrg rnv Ayxupo, Ue orroKeuourorei yro rnv r<upvnonrou Mouorcrqcr po, oo ouvexizerug rnorpcnrxeg npoouo8ers Yro [pooeYYron. {3{-}}iii *.}!t:'i{}{i'il ii}'::l *,]i ;*ci iq:,firL,!k'{*iJi4i{ H unoupyg Eooreprxv rng Ayxupog peren it f *'irr* i{ ii !} {}{ t1{i \,r'{:}#?' s{} y,r:.ii*qi.,iq},rte:,e,t',* flopior, oug opxgIouiou1922,lr,:ar *: I {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{i oro xurnrv euroxrpOnxe Aovivo. Ao pxpr ug 14 Auyouro , {r! fS,, ,*,qyj*, *:iiS* i} ,&v\riiir* i4r{:r;:itjr{' ..,.,,'o, orou ouvovrn8nxe pvo pe o of,rolroroxoug rou Opeiv Oqrg.

Toroupxrxri
H Ayxupo ouvernronoinoe u pvo pio crrro(poorouKn virn xoro rov ELnvcov Bo puopooe vo onynoer rnv Ayyio oe Ur oulrtpr,rvio rnv KUpe pvnon rng Ayxupog.' To oyyrx ixruo tnpoqoprv ornv Kovoro.vrrvonon, pe r<otrr< vo1ro Mnox Tz1rno (Black Jumbo), uou ouvnSog ruov uo r<o.o unpoEopnpevo, ourn rn rpopoev xorogepe vo per ug orpnrronrxeg u).npoEopieguou o.tpopooov ug reeuroieg upoerorpnoieg Ayr<upog. mg Xug 6 Auyoorou o rorxnrng trov roupr<rxv uvopov orn urn Mrxpo Aoicre8eoeug uvoperg rou oe ni.npn erorlrrnro. Or xrvnoerg oro Urorro rng uur<ng Mrxpog Aoiog opxroov oug 26 Auyoorou. Tooxor 8.000 TpEEry Eitpn s.282 Ouououo el,oopro 2.025 839 _Oilouou$-]q ispto 323 KqvpVro AeoouAovo 10 E-Lnvec eq..0{0 I.280 3.139 1.280 4tB 50 Euvorr<o:2.543 Toupxor verpoi xo.r uepinou nupoorKd Korf 10.000 Tou rpoulrorieg.125.500 unooyizovrcrr En- Tnuoxn AQrdv or veg vexpoi, 20.826 o.rxpoororxqr 365 xovvro.' Kopolrop ot Eug 11 Oxropiou uneypogn n crvqxc)xn rov Mouqvrv. Tnv 1n Noelrpiou, n roDpKrKnEBvoouveuon ouoqnoroe rnv xoropynon rou oourcrvqrou. Ee errroron rou ilpog rov Xcrprvyxrog ous 16 Noelrpiou, o Mexpr o 6o9 unoypogernn xr org oourclog otro r.tgxoiEng. Tnv euopevn, ro oyyrx Soprrr Malaya Bcr rov pero(tr)per Moro. orn

Ilnvn: Gothat:d Jaescke, Trk Kurtulus Savasi Kronologisi, Mondros'dan Mudanya'ya Kadar (30 Ekim 1918-11 Ekim 1922),'I'IK, 2.baski, 1989, oe^ 190.

Xug 30 Aoyoorou o ne1rog releiooe xqr o e.Lnvu<g orporgopxtoe vo emorptper ornv Eoo.

'HMEIO'EIE 1. M6xpr ro 1934, onre pnnr<e oe rox o vpog yro ro ovporo tng orxoyeveiog. n roupxrxn roroproypoqrio nvoEperor orov Kepo og Mouoroqro Kelro xor pero ro 1934ovoecpsror og Aroropx 2. M oS rou xplrorog rng flpoou xor tng Evoeog, nou cvnruf,e rn poon rou oug opxg roug 20o orvo 3. Salahi R. Sonyel, Trk Kurtulus Savasi ve DIS Poletika II, TTK,2 baski, o. 1Bg,1991 4. Bilal N. Simsir, Ingiliz belgeleri ile Sakarydan Izmir6 (1921-1922),BIIei Yayinevi, 2. basim, 1989,o.250 5: Bilal N. Simsir, Bizim Diplomatlar, Bilgi Yayinevi, 1996,o. 64-66. 6: Bilal N., Simsir Ingiliz belgeleri ile... o. 289. 7. Sonyel. op.cit. o.264. B. Trgt zakman, 1881-1938, Atatrk, Kurtulus Savasr ve Cumhuriyet Kronologisi, Bilgi Yayinevi, 1999, oe. r75. I

0 Ioprerrrg rpeopeuT|iq oTnv Ayxupo, Aporirp

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Xqrznov6omg
(1863-1922)
>,TporrqrrrKq, enrre<porig rou eMnvrxo orporo Kort| rnv ncpioo Tnq FrKpdor<rrrnhg xoroorpo<prig. tnoooe orn Exo^ii Eue^nirv, orn fo^^io, rnv Ayyio Kor rn feppovio. Mersixa orov n6epo rou 1897 un6 rov :Fo^6voKn Kor orouq BoKovrKoS no6Fous oq anrrepxnq rnq 6nq uepdpxios. lloporrfenKe ro 1917 Kor enoviOe ro 192O Fe ro ogp6 Tou ovnorporftyou. To M6ro rov 1922 Mrrp6q Aoiog xor 6vrv opxrorpornYos Op6xnq. ApxrKdrs owen<pon rnv rnlKivuvn rqrdoroon nou enrKporooe oro FTrno fidr npTerve rn o;rnru{n. Ev ouvexeio 6ytog FT6ole WrirFn, ennpeooF6vos dn rrq roeortiloerq rrv rorxnrrirv nurq ev qvduevTqv enroerrrh ToupKrxri ev6pvero. AnooxolnF6voq enionq Ue Tnv r6d rng xordnrPnq rng Kovorovrrvononq, ev gpvrroe yro rnv dvororoq,n rrv uvUe(ov Kor rnv qoo(P6^ron r(|)v e(Pcpcrdrv, O Xor(nov6ornq pe rnv ongoon rou v(| unoyoycr on'eueeios orn lrporr6 ro rpio lrilporo lrporo, onoouvrvroe TIS uvopers Tou Fatdrnou oa nepinrron eniyouoos ov6yxnq yro Feon pon. H vdpq,n rns ToupKrKriq nieons pnKe ro orpornyo ornv yro rnv A0fvo, ouoxenr6psvo nredvTnro oUnruqnq rou perrirnou Kdr Gvre^drq onpoeroigooro. O Xor(nrrv6qrnq OeopfiOnxe uneOuvog Yro rn Frxpoororr|(n xqToorPo(pn, xororr6ornxe oe O6voro orn iKn rrv 6 Kor eKTe^6ornKe orrq 15 Noeupiou 1922.

Nrxoog floompog
(1833-1e53)
Irporrrrrrrrq xol norrlx6g, yewnp6vog ornv KopiToq, npro0unoupyS rnq Eqoq ro npdtro gerono^eprx6 xpvro (1945, l95O KoI 1 951.52), O enovopo(pevoq "Mdpoq Koo6png', npoor,lvUto nou nlipe Kor6 rnv nepioo rrv Bo^KovrKdrv Ilo;rorv, eixe 6n Kor6 Tn exorporeio eqorperrKf ;rrrpoorcnxfi ny6rn, H eriFn rKovo orporrorrro GKn@on rns ToupKrKris enieeonq rov pnKe rorKnrh orporrorrxo onoon6o;roros oro Koer(ix-Aoy, 6vo on ro nov Kpioruo onFeio rns nvlKnq oFUvflKftq ypopghq. Mer Tnv Korppeuon rou perdrnou orrg 15 Auyoorou, o lloorhpog enTuxe vo o^oK^np(oer rnv unoxd)pnon rrv uvpedv rou F Tpno ouvreroyp6vo, oupAAovroq ror ornv enITUxn unoxdrpnon oxnpou rou rou orp(rrnyo ouyxporhporoq OpoyKou. H ognrufn ourh uoruxrirq ev oxoouofiOnre xor on6 ov^oyn Tnq ou6oq rou TprKonn, ue onor6eopo rnv n^npn rqonoon rou gerdlnou. O lloornpog rnv enog6vn' orrq 16 Auyoorou, npTerve dFEon r<ov o ovreni0on yro cndvooveon nnv 6poq n ouyKpornFor(,)v, dvdnrrx6Tnro rou Op6yxou ev en6Tpqre rnv u^onoinon rng. O noornpoq nvnenKe rns enov6oroonq rou 1922, ger6 rrg eK^ovq rou 1924 noporrnenKe ono ro orpor6 xor 5(noe orn fo^ id g6xpr rnv r6vo6 Tou ro I 945.

Nrxoog Tptxonng
(1868-1959)
yewnF6vos oro :TpcrrorrKos, Meoo^yyr. Euppsreixe oroug Bo[dvrKoq no^6Fous Kor Kdr6 Tnv nepioo rns FrKpoororrKnS Karoqrpoehq riTov rolKnrhq Tou A' >,tgoroq >,Tporo orov rop6o rou A(pr6v Kopoxrop, orov onoio Kn6enKe n Kpro roupxrxi eni0on Tnq 13nq Auyoorou 1922. Tperq Fpeq nprv, o Tprronnq (nrno Ue ovo(Pop Tou rnv evioxuon rou roy6d rou oto Aer6v Kopdxrop FE rnv rrpooehxn rnq 7ng gepopxios. nnv goq n reOuvon rng Erporrdg v ev6Kplve rn geroxivnon o^K^npns Tnq Fpopxios Kor nepropiornxe ('rn r6eon ;rrxrdrv onoonooporrrrv. O TprKonns, ovrropovopevoq orlg l2 Auyoorou rnv GnrKeiuevn vopln rnq ToupKrKriS eniOeonq, (rirnoe rn pToKivnon rnq 7nq Fpopxioq on To o rorxnrri rou B'Erlporoq lrporo' onoioq Kor rnv ev6Kprve, Fnv neprlr6vovrdq rnv 6ero rng Erporr6q. H vron 6onxe yro ro npri Tnq noHvnq, nnv proq nrov qpy6' Ko0drq orrs 6 To npoi opxroe n enieeon rou roupKil(o ne(rxo. O Tprxonnq' unoxoptirvrog Fe F6poS rorv uv6pedrv rou, ;rer6 Tnv Kdroppeuon rou per<irnou, neprn^ovtilpevoq ovUeoo oro eyxoroerppvo xopr TnS neproxhs Kopor(o Xro6p, xuxrironxe on6 roxup6s ToupKrK6S uvduers Kol EypoE ro 6pyo orxpo^oriorn(e. *Avopvnoerq enerooitov Kor vevovt@v ex rtrrv no^6prv goqD.

A0avoorog Opaprou
(1864-1923)
Irporrrrrnxq, tolrnrhg pe ro o096 rou unoorpTnyou rnq lnq Fpopxios Kor Tnv nepioo rnq FtKpootorrKns roroorpotprig. CI uv6pelg rou tDp6yrou ohrroov To rplo 6pog rng Toupxrxris enioeong rn f3n Auyoorou, po(i pe rnv 4n Fpopxio rou orpornyo Anpop, xorrros onvotlri Touq l2 roupKrKS Fepqpxieq, O Opyxou npoygoronoino To onveupar rnq npdrrnq np6pog ronrxfi ovrcnaeeon oro Kr^irq Apo6v, nou Kcr eixc ayKqroo"rioel rn toiKnoti Tou, gpovri(ovro$ ouronpoodrnrq rny ovoovro{n rov uv6peov xot rnv aF{rxoon rrrrv orportorrdlv. H oweni0eon rou Opoyxou lirov Gnrruxnq, xootg ovorore^li<penoov ol neprooTepes O6oelq, Mer6 rn rdonoon tt'rv eAnvrxrirv uv6pet'rv anrq 15 Auyoorou, o OpdyKou 6tlroe oerp6 unoxopnrlKdrv ;roxtv, oFUvFevoS Kdl unoxopdrvroq npos ro nop6^to, gpovri(ovroq ;rxpoororrx6 Kor6 To uvor6v rn ouvTerqyFvn unox(ipnon. >'rrg 19 Auyoorou ov6eps npos Tn Erporl6l "Ix.trnpoi dydrves reeuroiov nFep6v enpoo.ov r6oov o^eopir,lg eni rou notKo r(,)v ovpdrv, 6ane otiFepov epgcvi(ouor l<016 unoxdrpnou ouvov0euFo ovepdrnrv orxroq geuyvruv.. ll60ove 6vo xpvo Uerd rnv Koroorpogh,

XpuooroUoS Koogrng
(1867-1922)
MnrponoiTng Egpvnq, yewnF6uoq ornv Tpryiq Blouvioq. Znoooe orn Oeo^oyrKh lxo^h rnq X6xng xol ro 19O2 6yrve pnrponoirnq ApFoq. H eovrxf rou pon exxivnoe ogop6q ovupoelq rr,rv Topxov xol ov6yxooov ro llorplopxeio vo npoxophoer oe ovK^non rou. To 19lO ;reror6onxe orrn xnpeoooo MnrpnoAn ZFpvnS. Avrlucrdrntoe evepynrrfi ro (firnpcr rnq npoortroios rou EMnvro;.ro rng Eypvng xol rov pxroe n unoxdrpnon rov eA^nvrxtv orporeup6rrov Kor n enioeon rov Topxr,rv, o Xpuooroyoq, opvoFevoq sxerrxh nproon rou xqoolxo opxrsnroxnou Eppvng yro vo evxoraei{rr rnv nAn, nop6perve orn e6on rou, qnovrdrvroq n(r|s (o |(o^6q norFnv o(Pei^el vo nopoFeivet Fe ro noipvrov rouD. O Xpuo6oropoq <pp6wrroe yrd rn oorrnpio rrv xprorrovrirv rnq :Fpvns, ol onoiol eixov ouyxevrparoei oro npoo^to rorv eKrnordrv. BpriKe Fopruplx6 O6voro, To Bp6u rnq 27nq Auyoorou on6 rov rouprrx6 xo, orov onoio rov eixe nopqdroer o Toproq lolxnrlig Noupevriv Mn6nq. Mo(i pe rov Xpuo6oropo efovr<ir0nxov on Touq Topxoug )(ar 347 repeaq rns enopxioq :Fpvnq eni ouv6 ou 459,6nog o Mooxovnoi@v Appootoq, nou enerorOn, o Kuovlrlv fpny6ptos nou e6(PrnKe (&tvrov6q xot o koviou Z6arv nou eo(P6yn, An6 rrq 46 eKKnoies TnC Eppvng, 16^o9, roorironKov F6vo 3.

Aproreing Erepyrong
(1861-1950)
Arxny6poqn noroq oppoorhq orn :Fpvn, yewnF6voq oro HpoK^sro, Enoooa Noprxo ornv Aofvo xol ro llopior xor 6ornoe ro en6yye;ro rou rxnypou oro HpoKto, llprrrroyrrrviornoe ornu enovcroon rou Oprooou Kor ouvepyoornlrc Fe rou Bevr<6^o. Alopiornxe on TIS MeyAeq AuvFGrq noroq oplroorriq srn lgpvn on Tnv e^nvlKri xupvnon unoupyq 6veu xoproeuoKaou ro 1920, H Onreio rou unhpfe oF(Pr^vpevn, Koeq xopo[TnpiornKe on6 peydn oxorrnro xor uneponrlxn or6on onvowl oe npoono xor oe opx6q, H In^ri rou llrnro roq cKnpoodhou rrrrv:uppdxtv xot rnq E^ ooq rov onyno o dvrl(porrK6q oupnepr(Pop6g, KornyoprionKe ylo <proroupKrop6 xol ylo npooofr rorv orporny(i|v nopooKeunou^ou xol l(,)wou. O :repyr6ns eyxor6errpe rn lppvn Ue pTovlK noio, noipvovros tro(i Tou xol ro opxeio rnq ApFooraioq, xoreuouv6pevoq oro eforeprx6 ror ono<peyovrqq vo 6eel ornv E^ 60 xol vc tiroel yo ylo rrq ev6pvcr6q rou. nor6 ev enlox6gonxe 6xrore rnv EAo xor 6(noe U6xpr ro 16o9 rng (oriq rou orn Nixolo rnq fo^ ioq,

AITEEOIH ET:TPATEIA

AIOTHNIPOE/I$H

ffiTHNffiPPEY

Booovrorrxf roue4vrxo nopeio eKorp0TeurKo orirporog p61pr Mnouvrip ond npodooq r4v xor rqv oroToupno goroyporpio, 6roxrq unoytirpqo4. 6v0er4 Ir4v e4vrxri nupopdo UdXn Agrv oq rou Kopolroop

TouflopfoyMapreprrn
cvon\. r<o0n1mtri IoropioE Ilovemotnpiou Kprirng

o xoor<oiprrcu 1922n nonrxn Kar orpclrrorrKn Korooroonotn Mu<po Aoio oyyrze ro ouuro orf,oo.Xro nonrr<neio nrov u),ov npoecves rr n xupvnon rou oou.Lrovouornv Kovorqvrrvouon ev eixe Kopiq npoKrrxn ef,ouoio eKor rrg eeyxpevegon roug f,or cu ro ovo.r<ropo Eul4roxoug Awow ennpong.Or ouv8nxegror rng

or oulrErrrvieg nou Qepovrn rKn rng uuoypoEn r<qrurorouoinon eoxroro npoyporo crf,,rzov neov. O rpoypouxg r<upiopxog xripog, o Kepo, 8erng opouoe u n rxn rng xpog ev eixe oxpn xprOei,Beolpooe clDrrororegug ouvOnres rrou orroex8me n rurnpvn orov A lloyxopro llepo OB<'rpovrrn Auror<poropinKCI Un ronpoyporeorUn rnv onorqnuore uo.poxpnon eoErilv orn MrKpo Aoio r<orro Xrevo. Av r<orev nrov KIrn vrKrunS orn orpcurour<n crvcrlrrpnon, uo oneixe on rou vq 0er,lpeiror nr-cnpvog. Ilpoyporrxo, e xor notruxorp, or eniegyro eniuon roD UrKpcrorour<o oref,ou eixqv evonoreBei oro orpcruorrx rolro. H envrxn neupo nponoornrnoepororo.oe ourn rnv npooeuu-

23

ArtESoTH EKTTPATEIA
Korol: rn roi.ioBnon on ro rnoporrx oro orpcttlorlo AqU{rproS ueio. Au ug opxg rou l92l n envrxn rx (oro l-ovop4g uolrorin uroBernoeoveoour<eg crnureg xcrr 0peoov) oers Kclrro opog pixBnxe ornv ovuzmnon rns ctorq Ippvr1 Mro uoEooroxng orporr(rrxng ro To emr<pornong. xoorou1921. And xoipr rou 1922,svopron xpvo pero. nopo rnv crvcroprorepf rpoun rr,rvorpclrlouKov eo1rvcov, ouooopeDo rn opporpfrqyog cuoruxtciv Kor tnv upogovn uov oterf,n on xor flonoog or rng ouvopios rov orponouxv oeov,n e..nvrN.0eorx4q, r<n noun<n ev eixe ouotootrr<qnctf,er.AouB. Aoopuvrlg eg or el,nvrxegxuepvnorgouvxrzov rnv eKxor !ev.Irpo14yg rotv
orporeio flpoopevovrog eire rov exqul,rolr orponouxov uvcnornrov rou Kepol,, xcuroon ro opog rcov orxovolur<v Kor KolvovrKo.rvureoec'tv, eni eire oxercrzovrog xc.prouxrlrorpn<ooxru rros rcr oxruKo Ue rnv xoromyn tng Kovorovu-

I l
l

xw*r; &ws*trrz-rmw fq &$Kpmq

i*Yffiw t*ffi&ffi*xx*, ffi uw*a*srl*.w J#Ke$sK#q

Kffi#ffi#W1t{tv#q#pffi#q" Y*W ffiffi***W ffi*

o vo[ong. Ero perof,,u, xpvogrlepvouoexor ro ixvn ef,oo0vrons Kcrr exEurogo qvti vo tlopoDvo orozovror oro orpcrneorou Kepo opxrocrv oorporcupo. rerov ooopo ro envu< proxrov oto ro Tov Ayouoto tots7922, prrouo cr8nrng Mrrpog Aoiog, noporeroypvo xoro pnxog tng ornpopoFrKnSypoppng Eoxi Aqrov Ecxip Kopoxroop. H roro-

llir rl .:f,:.
, *1

f,n ourn eixe emeyei vtexcr pnveg vclpirepcr,penpos rnv AYKDpo, rq rnv qnoruxio rng er<orpoteios nuovrov oe ro xoloxcripr rou 1921.To prr,rno pnr<ogeprcrxooicov xr-Lrolretpov, evcitoe toIg neproxesrov pernroSev-n r<roonrous ruov 80.000 rerpoyorvrxoxr}rperpcr, nepinou ro uo rpiro rng onpeprvng xroong rng Eoo.g-o eeyxogrou Euppopiego.envrxoorporonrov crvuopxrog. n norg,xelrororgovropteg, oo ror El'nveg ruoroxreg ulroivovrctvrnv tepoouo. ourn eKclKroon. H Erporro mg Mrxpog Aoicrgrnov evcts rcruovnpvogorporE, rou onoiou or pcrxnrrxguvctrnreg nrov qeoreg.Mvo n pnropeio xpue Kor xo8g n xptrr<n r<orn rnv r<orooroon o tpog, eKepoonyvrirpngeixov ouveBeipe ug xoOeototur<groopponieg.An roug 177.000Enveg orpoureg rng M. Aoiog pvo or 70.000ovnr<ovoe povo. xlporrg oxnporropog,pe ooug19.000 ctoKouv Or xoBnxovro Epouptilv xcrr oo<po..erog. uuornor poonooxolouvrcv oe totxntrxeg n oegOeoerg, percbnou.llnBn r<pro ou roug xrvvoug rou orpoli,nv eixov onoolootei ornv npoorrrnrxn unnpcoio tt-rv of,rtlportxv xcrr LurvotKoYevelt.rv roug.Ef,o}ou o orporgeixe yiver nepinou eBeovuxg. Oueigooxolrtcrv 1rerous 90.000crvuuororuoroxreg. KroDS roDSclperpmoug Kor H yonrcio rou AErv Kopoxro.p itov n orxllponupyro rou e).nvrxo p,ercituou pn rou AErv Kcrpo.xroop.Exei eixov ouyxevrpotpox4reg uvopergrng Erporrog.O Bei or r<uprrepeg

ffiW*
l
4q1qld.: *, I

ffi

ropog ourg oxnpcnrze rpiyrovo Ueoo oro exBprx o<pog nrov eunL<,trog xo.r rroirepo oug ueupeg. H rornpnon rou progeixe yiver eUpovn ro oro envrx enteeio. llioreuov u crrrexei eyxouv ro ornpopo1nx ir<ruo rng M. Aoiog, epnoizouv rnv erlKorvovio Ayxupog xqr IKoviou xor ouvtnpov ror rov crnor<erop Kepo.. rou ro vo crvuperorrroouvrous npoqoveig xrvuvougouoopeuovoovoxor neproorepeg uvop.erg. Kcno rn ropxercr rng rropnvns crlpcrf,iog (on ro Eenrppro rou 1921g rov Ayouoro rcu1922) or xivuvor npooeuuxo f,excrotnxovxcrr ecrxrotoupoyporo eyrvov yro vo. rop0clBouvrcr rpcororou petr,tnou. To xrlro.rprxaoxero uou elrEovizovrclvoro eunerxo. -oxrcryro ourovpnonrng M. Aoiog, yrcr ypoEeio. roroLnqm rng Kr,tvorovrrvounong epnpnv trov Eqrlroxc,rv x.n. on8oocl oro vo f,excrorei en ntoqongBeonrng Itpouog. fro. roug ELnveg enueeigro <olruvux np}npo ntcrv n enopxng xouryn rou cteeirorou peruou pe rcrurxpovnnproupyio eEeperv nou Bo ovrrlrermzcrvr<oOe ex8prxn euiSeon. frcr vq nproupynoouvug erepegef,croOvrzov ovoyKclouxcr rnv nprn ypc4rlrn xor ro rel,rx onoreopo ev ef,unnperooe oure rov va oure rov oo orxo. Or rpolrepg Buoiegrou xoven xcipo ef,oveluzovrcl eror Ueoo oro orf,oo. orn yevrKn crKcrr pnxovio. Eug nopopovegrng eniSeongo el,Lnvr-

prcluo pe repcrounxevo xg orpmg xporooeevcr uou enrpeuovoug euerxregroupxrxg uvc4rerg -ro Ooulrcroro rnnrx xupirog vo nepvov xcncrounon oro peruro0evuou reuovrov egoroop Kor rlg enrxorvoviegxor f,eonxovov roue rorrrKoDg uLn0uopoE.

'# {{#&$#if'{}K {ax x*a*r,ffiffiffirxztwtr #?'{#ffiiq ffi,W*ffi.ffi{*&}ffi}}ft ffiffiffipgre l}"rffi\{ w*xffim$n

,* # 3:*T$ 3Tti1*tX"X*X: r",#q{i}ffi

H eniSeon rcu Keg-L O roupNrxgorporg eute8nxe, oug 13 Auyou aroD 1922,otov ropo rou Aprv Ko.poxroop,exer oxprg rrou rov uepipeve o xprog oyxog rov envrr<v uvo.peov.H eniSeon, ov xor crvc4revpevn, orEvriooeFe rnv uorrnrcrrns rnv nyeoio rou envrxouorporo.H reLeurqioef,or<oouSouoe vo unor4m ug uvorrnregrov xelrorxv, moreovros rnv ircr rng rnv nponcrycrvo.llepilreve oruv vo ovt4rerconioer ouppopieg,ev pnxe pnpooro rng pio xoo opyovolrvn, oreexopevn xor exnoreupvnuvopn. O roupxrxgorporgev nrov ore peyolog oure rrcrirepontroorogoe ul.rxo. O Kepo eixe pi,tg otoororepopxnoerug nporeporrnreg. Eixe enevu-)

flovtl: npoto04pev4 ono0f egoiorv x11 rou e4vrxo orporo EoKi sro Ieyip. H rpoqoooio, rfrog ondevoo4pefo xorper,unfp{e nqppet[g

25

ANE:ONU ET:TPATEIA
1922. ''rritriq ApXeq qp{-.Itr 4p: rool,F4ur+ v[erg r&Ed.iras6 .! l'rrl rE44rEtoc oi lro Ilpdreg yro Tno rqv rbfrdti .tbt :. ao--"',EEd.rtS{i; rGTr'$j orov unovultirpqoq rov ou;rptilrrrv pog.Iro xevrpo, uno;ltipqoq rou eqvrxo TINPOBNOYN..OI'OPOI,.TOANEION I nprv rior,srrrtory,l,'rcjoe;G:F;;;A' orporo ,'inn ,ot ,oi,ii*un",,t, ;,*.1 ast.ro;s P(booous M"o}:l i{r;i!x?. -?,4Resji..i,ltorsa;, i;l1rlai.tnapb' ro xoroppeoer i *Tdtprq'iib),?Eorps *r ou: I oe6laius.'H 2o6*tei1 xnilp,4ote tpo6o>| ralr qdad!! perono t69er.;o$ ie. ftrtllaos 6?& .Z\',1l?rlt6s r:1il;s, awErcis ni-cirEd rie,tqEt:l I ov,44s4s t@,. oi.]k,u.dol 3zla l .l}'l't4!cot'prdro[..
gssBY . ls*J{ot AIE}Hfl' '.

ZHTHMAI T0 AIA E,lAHllU0YPlflK0l{

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r4Fdto' apdgo9t:. ; : ,a lWY rqv-.WEII n tutr'ntLotl tq'' I-.1 ,tn6t],nl "'EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEsgivo rlr-ro;oi.avtet rrgrl 'E0dpav'E, tls'!r'A'ttEalsaoov 'Ay*feac ydlr.6no'!Eqz6rl!i; .fvq.Ii, 6rlI &iy *oi 1ic Zxtlaory Ii| dt "aqdq6lrcrq' luBnriaeqf 0,'681- | /rewc p tEtdte zaoo. 'II tzi1lors I aidouy pt6rtt[S5, relte *pE qTd: I t*bn tqe z lf,@Zotv dtori],ioya, o1 | :'l t-Keya.J,uol owayol6y4oo, tpooprcc I tdi, tte..!p?zar,!.i!fppd---t ' :.'l d.ad6ii.':rr; i:;!:i.i:i1 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHaoFsy .. . BA rF QxesrHo toe1it!ar9 1ii z.t: |
.te rd!poD rd ti at ilqn tt|vi zua l Ei FpoDE' netp.is I ea i^oibeotL 6Oe- | ourryavtd' vtu |iq oryzatlarcs .irr.tr2lot apE:to}.cp,rite ton I 'cii 'O ,-e... I ltteo: tt Kiot)tr nnmoyprti,s rn ?b ddlir' 0i6:e I Snpcp; cl5 t& d.. J pos tzpedlEt eti p"@t, 2yrp t4s yl I r66oe elra ii+t rig M.tp*. pc1v,i dr*pepicpata to ngs y;t" Iilnoloe- | I as 1eilt< tnrylt cuYrpoiol 6b.a, sap6ae?6 P.roiat oi kualtzoi vt I 6uil, dto|oaout| qEoco; 7.c d)'c16tepov nol.rrri e;q rni derdoerE u@". | 3d,;).etrcpoy I .: | pty,ila6 &-l roctroDs <!ti ouoqoztat LIft )489 t . drcrre6vou5.n .<) d.popoyp&pos &yu..2ep.. z&.1 zi 6!tue *ul Ahni^urot. Ei't i;\ neoqcll pecol?64:... it. a;il Wllowat xupinc cii s 6rquEn?e fSQxd..ptoD$ I | io yy .hd. I td< tts tlt n6l.,trtt1t -ziv ,i9 9o6ig.9d9 Ewpdj.o>, I pel06v?os ,di fe?t?ec: xat& ti soootril Aro*u4v l,Icv,l .: . l:Eiy t:d. BpLi'.ta <' D, "i I Ist2io. ,,ia,o1"4 trgpoug rci s I :d:r :prldv.d! I d9 .d.+davtte. . 19 atcrpoDI zh'rots loLa.Aa;oLa i ariltot< xci Z. I '^rcnrja ri-c:A?ab slrt it r16urt[e.zdt& zic t, 4",utqai":<l latitut. 'eio. pi.g *iU-aci6 ro!. 64p.pd! 6t h2ac ilc ic:r,c ,h | ciAyi; | vYeopqd?, ytl tI:o\.'4tutu)r;,,i1ot(aio"rt rddc . tpo; rt. I Eoscil | 1,e ole ou I irzorrqte ,pl t\tLoli.e tu iPolpdlog t ;2oiot,t.too6 l 7e1ot0:o6. 6do, i-otc dvee. | ili) )Ditu y.ot,;,,;ottx#. .lrd, ""i ;"o".1 lizpd.

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nvrrv ypc4rpv. Euveuxg KprKos (lvoueoo olcr "r{r# o ac* *#iif'ut*e;r'} .f'tt3{3'{.:,{3't6 upoono rov roupTt$*f i.r'!ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd KrKv uvoUeov ruov n 1oxupn onoQ0otorlKorruo I]ou oe rinore ev puopouoe v0 ouYKPr8ei pe ro ou1roivovro ornv envrr<n Kooer IIooorn ore^xoon Kor rnv eKIIieDon, neDp0. 0g xor ornv cvcro8Uronrou nupoorKourou. H norrnro rns roupKrKnsorportorlKng nyeoiog o Tourxpovo.prr-rg, otpoLgtou nooxeoilo UCYopovoeg etoupyo- ev ouyxprvrcv rlions Uernv envrxn ovrioroleg eeiqrers. roDpKlKeg Or rou orpctou eixov Keprnorpileuons KOreKrloieuons. xn. To orexn KeUorKo ocl Kol 0)sKvrp0 ioer roug oBpougKor rn f,o rouE oe ctprpruo To evo rpiro tov errrtBepevov nrqv oonor nou qneicr oyxpouons rou A lloyxoopiou lloeUou. n vcr[^npoJvov ro Kevo IIoD npoKctooe LrctxnKclr An rnv Apcrio g rov Kouxtroo Kor ctrrrn Menpoono rou crgrollorooqv ^oqDpo. To oo ro ruov ptogouyxpovo KOI clflore^e- oorrorcrpiog rnv Ko.iuoneixov uoepnoereorpcrrocrDroD tns olporS eixe 260 uupoo vovuq oe onuovrlKguvc4rerg Avrow, ouxv0 oUcrrrK. Neporr<g O pe vrNnqrpcrorroraLeoUflo. An rnv envrxn rov olloiov n xpnon KOr o ouvrovrous orn ropneupo prxp pvo rpnUo rov oreexv eixe npoKero rns eli8eons Btrrrze Uspes Tou floyxooprou oervo noper ppogoe ouyxpovesorpc[roJrlKS rcrv e^rnv lloepou Kor rlpoKcto Kctroppeuon

26

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F
0 KeUf frptnnog rouq erresiq Us rou.01 neproorepor o{rroponxoIrou frov epnerpondepor

flrxerpnoels Kor ctIIcrDroDS, neoI proorepor, evrzerxng onxpoong, nrov eKros orpcrrruporos oro 1922. Lw exnnoocr, ornv, ro yeyovg u ro roupxrr<q oxro nrqv opucr eunerr<cr rroirepo.oyxpovo. oug xor ovui,nr;rerg.H oorxn ro nrcrvn oo ro uvqrv peyotepner<lreroLeuon o.0og errlruxruv oe rov rng lporng KpoDonS. poS O ourEovoreBnxeoro Ooulrcroro rnurx, ro onoio 8o rpoxopooe xropig torcrypog cr8rquioo on ro. envrr<o trrermo8ev. H Kivnon oDrn Bo reue eEorootrr rov xor uS erlrKolvovieg rr'tv Envr,tv,0o onexonre ug povoegrng npcilrngypoUFnS,Bcrf,eonxove roDSronrxog nn8uopogrou, oe noLegteproxeg,pioKovrcrv orcrpro rng ef,,yepons 0o relue xoKor 8e npoouuxn crvrioroong rov opuvopevov.Hrov evog ui,epog-oorpo.nn, ncog ouroguou Bo yvpr-

. t\uqru,#.r{b*s,eirq t{$* rs*p*S*$ r,{sf\t {3 u;xg*; ffi*x* *m{.}*{&\f T,{}ait|{1 {t:, 1{#?:{ *]rufffi,t3* ffiv $3p*ffi.trfisr{5 t {1\{Y"*'{$ # {'i Tr*V * ffi iruv ff *K{*iv v 1i} $J r} s{i}v {bffi\"}

ze n Euprinn or0.1939-1940. An rnv on ueupo urrnpxe vog crpxoixg ouyxpurr<o-orpcug, oe Eroxg oe opycrvo_ron, olopoorouxrnro, oe reeg,oe oxrcr. uovrcrntov To. yepoopevo ong envrxguvcrlrerg. Auoxivnreg, pe cryxur,nrxnroir<nonoe xo8e euineo, pe euBuvtpoooreexn, pe prxpn ovcroyio. poxrlrr,tv povor,rvoro ovoo,pe orcrrxn ovrinqrn, pe eyxnpouxn oyvotcr rng norrnrog rou crvuuo}ou, or povoegrou cnvrxo orporou pnopouoov gvo vo urrepoourorov rnv nprn ypoppn.H npof,n qKoUn Kol vcr UsroKtonerf,en nrcv ovir<oveg vnBov ouyxpornlrvcr.Xrnv ouoiq xoveig ueov

27

pcrpxicrrnnrxou) Kcrrorpc[nyrxeE (re ug uvnlrerg rou B Elrorog Erporou).H npoero4rooicr crvrerrov urSeoec.rv piogonououoe xpvo uo n rprv npepv. nou ornv npof,n, l<orUCroo xororyrorrxoug po.xpug. To ovunooug,onoeix8nxe unepo,\.rxo eixe rouBeinprv eovouv or cvroxocrg. Llerorno ooDvolrro oDYKpornonsrov roDpKlKov tur8eoec'rv ornv npdrrn ypopUn euoe orov envrr<orpor rnv eyr<oroerqrn Kol LngoLoLrxhg oUuvcrs. UcTclKrvnon rn rov eryp. Apeoc,rE npBov ornv emgavelo rcr nponporo uou o.nr<orpeixov oDooopeuSei.Or nn uoxivnreg povcreg pBnxov oro trxrg rr,rv orov o.n rnv pro rng nopcruoicrg. crpxnxrAogupooxoAn8nKcrv ourgun8n pn oe pnx4rrrrvorpc[ronv cru ug raEopegunnpeoieg, xoOrig xor xprouovoi opoxor, orqvrroopevor on rnv onponrn rporln rcovnpoyporcov. poxnrrxn H tou orporo pneof,io xcrr n euel,rf,,icr envrr<o viornxe orprg rn orrypn nou nrov xpiorlro ouo.poirnrn. O uovrr<g ef,onorvrov er<ol,o unorq ouoronnoreoDyKporn8n quro Kr oDUlclpeoupe pvo rpnpo pror<rovxovro roug. To roupr<rxrn-novrou, nrx proxrov ef,,oLou rooxizovrog npog xo8e xqreuBuvonro permoBev.Or ovropreg, crypouverlKoupopevorou roug ef,eyeppevoug teg, pereoovcrorpouroiornv envrxn zvn oe our nou npoyporrxo nrov: plcl oxoropoxnrn no.yio yro rov envrxorpnr. Moo oe iyeg peEo reeurcriog xuproer<ur<o o.rooo0pOnxe. H yevrxn roxoun nlv rneEovrxv xcrr rneypoErxv eurNorvr,rvrv,n enroqrong xivnon rov ouveopcov Kor rov ovoyvorpioeorvpoo oro quuro ex8prx repro.ov ng oro xor uBrocrv rorxnoerg oxoro.r orexeroovxoOeouvrovtopvnKjvnon. Xug 15 Auyouorouev uunpxe nov proruo.O Kupros yxog tov envrxv uvolrecov, A Kor ro B Eporo Erpolou exooov rnv opyovurLrKn ouvoxn rous Kcrl or otpcnrregopxroov vo opoonorovror yupo cruof,rorlrorrxog enrreeiq, xo.r nproupytrvtog ourooxroug oxnporropog. Ero Nro nprour- olpotnyou rou oupynBnxov uo xupro o1roLo.: Opyxou pe ro unoeipUoro rprv pepopxrv xo.r mg pepopxios rnnrKou r<orour rou orpornyo TprKourrn pe creg roegpovoegKor ro peyoutepo roD nupoorr<ou. xo8vog euoupyouoe O Uepog yro rov eourrou Kcuo oDvrovrolrg, oe ooropevog ovofruroroug ooupporougKr oe opoloplKes oH voyvropioerg, nepropiornxe oro ecrxroro. rieon ou rov exSpev nrov ooeuKur<n'or roxuxg povo voeg rou reeuroiouef,oxoouOouoov eivor opr8pnrrxo uuoeorepeg ooEg rno lproxss oe xor poo. O envrxgorporg 1r<og eixe UroeoplKcr oc rorxooioouroxoroorpotpng. Lrncr

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Heiooog rou xnpiou r4q ev uioreue oe rirrorcr.Mvo or (povorlKoiSrooreg roupxrx{q uovcrpxrKouKq8orros ef,cn<oouBooov roD vo E0voouveeuo4g frroreuouvu o orporgrou ooreognrov orpr,nog or4v Ayxupo Kor u rnv KpiorUnpo 8o ouvcrrvrioog xcrnoro
Dreporrx Bopo. Me oo yro novrcog, eo nvrxg orporg eixe nrrnOei no nprv ctpxioouv or enlxelpnoels. H xoroppeuon lou perflou Errg 13 Auyoorou 1922, lvc- uopouovo ororro xeiq ooov r<ororyrouxn rpoiln oro yeyovro. H pozrxn xnr oprorn xpnon rou nupoorxou, rcrpn xg rpoEooropevnUe eeepeieseuiBeon xcrr or ropnpegrerooerg rrrrrrKoD ToD ef,op8ptooov oe eoxroroxpvo ro envrr UercDno vtto. rou oro Aqrv Kcrpcrxrocrp, orov ropeo rng 1ng xor rng 4ng pepopxiog. To eLnvrx oxero npoeeneovrenrOeoerg Kcrl rn 1reroxuxg (Ue rn 2n pepcrpxicr
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Or crunerpes syKorcrorcrong veqs opuvuKng c[rrDxcrv oKUn K0.t orcl onUeio nou uYpoUUnS nnpxov enopKeisuvcrperg Kor KSnpouo8oerg.tro Toqruo Mnouvop, yro nopcrerypo, ulnpxe oxeroopvnypolrlrn crlruvogcrnnoorrepr-gtpooerg nor-pou. rou unnpxcrvoxupopoLrxocpyo xor of,,royeg povoegyto rnv opuvo. Oueigpog nrov oe 8on vo ouvrovioer Kcrrvcl nynBei. To fevrx Enueeiocrngpnrpeuepn yvotpizovrog rr oxprtig rpcxcl Kol clvoznrouoc veougopxroLpcrrnyous xor rorxnrg,nooi ou roug ouoiougev po8cl nore (n elroBcrvo.n toug Topxoug ornv orxlro.rooio) roDS veous roug o8pogxor ug rorKrurKsS rougOeoerg. novrxg ef,onotvrov O xctpig Iyo r<crr otio. Eug 17 Auyouorou n opoo tou orpornyo TprKourln o orrorcS, nopepururvrog, rrc4l' oi.iyo vo upocrervo ovopoorei o.pxrorpcnnyos-Ue 2.000 poxlpous r<o.r 20.000pn poxrlroug orporrurres, KDxl.Onxe oro Ai Bepov. Enqxoou8noovoneurolrevSpoxeg, nou n ouprrepreopo trov envrr<ov povorov xupovBnxe qrr rn uoooopevn ovriorqon oS rnv qro.xrn quyn pnpooro orn 8o onl,g rov roupxrr<v uvopeotv.llpooeuur<o n olroo roonuornxe UrKporcpcr oc rpnUcrro. nou npoono-

Snoov vo ro.Euyouvnpog r<crBe xoreBuvon eyxoroeirrovrcrgo.rcr urxo roug. Xug 20 Auyoorou o orpornyg Tprxouung pe 5.000ovpeguopoSnxe orougTopxoug. Ko8g or Drroxopovreg nnoiozov npog tn 8ocrooo. poxnrrxn roug rxovrnro ef,,oveprzrov. n fupor o.r ug povo.eguou rornpouocrvrn ouvoxn roDS ouvroyporo. n rcryporo neov UozDovrcrv nn8n Euycrotv, orpcnrorv n c4rcrxrov, nou RoOrorooov qvorn xo.Oe orpcnrotuxnrivnon. llopcrrnpnBnxov rrovrou oneiBeregoug rcuoyg,ourooxeroopoi,opvnon orpcnotrv vo noepnoouvn orr,t vo oropctrnoouv rnv rrpos rn 8o.ooocr tpuyn roug. Xug 24 Auyoorouyrve orn Eppvn peyon orpourrrtrxn ooxeEn, ou rnv ouoicr ei<8nxov roroyegxqr oxrq. To povo nou xorcrqepeourn n Krvnon rucrvvo morouornoerrnv nnpn nnoxoun )

Toenrreeio r4g Ave{fp14rqg Mepopliog e{to orTnv rdn Ieivr(i-fo(iro Noepppro rou 1921. lprivo Evo opydrepo rypoe plog ro enog unoeryporrx{g uno1drp4orlg, oTo U6oo yeuK xipo flovrKo rou

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29

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rng nyeoiog o.nrnv npoyporrr<rnro.Or roroyeg oueuOvovrovoe ovurropKro nov orpor. Kcnr,t oupopevn emou ouregug ouvBnxegonoreoe ruxiq n rcrooon onpovur<o opr8pou Envr,rv orpour,rrv on rn xepovnoo mg EpuBpoiog xor to 4rovr rou Toeop. H ef,nynon yr' our proxOr rcrv ornv r<ncoon roupKrKov orporeulrorrrrv. rov povoeg uezrr<orrDvreeurqiov ev pupeoov vo. qxoouBnoouvon xovra rnv tclxurc[n uuoxpnon ro rov Envolg evrrr runrx, nou ev te8ereopo uo, ev pnopouoe vo cruor<qer ouoreeoporrxo rougpopougunoxpnong.

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roupKrKou Ettg 27 Xeureppiou nnvrog povcreg rnnxo r<orovro.preg UrrnKov orn Eppvn, o.n' eorreuopvct. nou or envrxgopxegcrrroxopnoov iyeg ppegpercr,oug 3 Eenreppiou,oot<.npSnxe n enricron oro noio rov rqooBevrov Envov orpcnrcotvrou voriou pertirou o.nro prxp 4rovr rou Toeope. H xoroorpogn oro Bopp,o Xrn peroneupo rou Ucrt.rTlou. ornv neproxn povcreg rou rou Eoxi Eexip, onlrevov onpcrvuKes e-.nvrxou orporou, ro f' EcilpoXrporou.Ern zvn uurn ev exnBnxe oonpn roupxrxn eniBeon oure rcne8nxcrvonpovuxg uvoperg.llctp' ' ourcr, ro rqrnyporo rng roluons eKovcrvxor e rnv H elrqovron roug uou vorpiE. opnruf,n npos rnv oe llpouoo. opxroe oug 17 Auyouoroutrroo oxeur<n Noooxopeio xupirog npelrio. H nieon npoepxrovcrucrvrctpreg yru exorporeiug ol,.Lo ro xipo cvcroqcrerr<o.r rovxo0qpoypevo evouougxr,rprr<og, equx orpurd crg [oD nproupynBnNe ev nrov olrenreo. H

Epoupo rng Krouraxerog, nepinou 1.400 ovpeg, TouprquBnxe crn vopn nepiuou ror<ooic,rv xov. Eg 24 rou p.nvo novrorg o yt<ogrov envrr<c'rv orporeulrorov rou Boppct proxrov ornv reproxn rns llpouoog Ue oroug oxevro urNcr. H znrnlro xpiortrro ovoyNn roooong rcov reeuroicov, pero rnv r<oroorpognrou ouvourou uoeprxou utnv rnou orq vuo, eno.e ovoznrnon xqronr,rv rpovniv Kor rnv unoxdpnon upog rnv flovopLro.H upooeuuxn crqrf,n povotovroD roKrrKouroupKrKo orpotou cruro vuo npoxoeoexor e ovooyo Eorv1revorouong. Anoxoputpcopo rnE ngxorooroongrucrvn olroKorrnKor n orxlrrooio prog oNnpngpepopxittg rou envrr<ou trrog ornv e uemS orpcrrou, 1lns. Oucoonnore piuroon, xcLpnorn ouvpo1rnKor rnv opyovtlon oxtn perotppBnrov ornv eDpt'rltotxn rouvcrulKou. nepinou 60.000orpctrreg, opxernoeprxurx xrrocg xptouovv npooeuyoiv. xor noeg

30

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vno ouonerpBnxe Kot, oe ovriBeon pe oo ouveulov orov envrx orpor, nopperve ouprroyng xcrr ner0opxnpvn. H ouvoxn rng Kor n rcnnpnon rng UoxrurKns -xo8g or pozi rng rKcrvrrucrg, pe rnv ruxn Euorxcr roupKlKsguvoperg ntov npooovororopeveg crl,o- rng enerpetyovvo npoxopnoer Ueoo ornv xBprxn evoxtirpo. trneoeoeooporougovtopreg Kor orous xoprKousKor cvoyKooeoxpn Kr rrs roupKrKes opxgvo ouvepyoorovpozi rng, exrozovrospe ro nupoornv rporpoooio ou norng

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Mio on ug povoegrou f'Eriporog Erporo, n Avcf,,oprnrn Mepopxio. cxrroe Ucocrorn ycvrKn xcuoorpoEnro u<rns errog.Ernv o.pxnrng roDpxrxng euiOeong povoo qurn oto0nKe rrpog ro n vno yro vo ouvpoperug er<ei oN4ro.zlreveg envxg povoeg.Quorxcrev npoevcr Erooer Ilprv Ono InV KOICtOIpoQn Inv Uloxt'lpnOn, n Kor Krvnon rng 1rotg rnv orrrKoqrer<crr on ro pro xor ou ro vuo ouyxprnpo.rou envrxoorpo.rou. MArgronroru_rOnxexorooroon, n onopn voon rng povocrg orn Ueon evg exOprxoucKOovou, n roirnon Kor ro oreexn rng etopynocrv pe oouvnBroro yrcl ug rre neprorooerg tpuo. Auoxcruqrov orougorpoures rous rn ervn xcnqoroon ornv onoio pioxovrov Kcu znrnoov rn ou, vepyooicr rous ornv ovcrnEn ptos povoxrKng Nnr eurxivuvnguopeiogrpos uS orrg. H eyxorcrerUn rns pnropeiog xor n erl,rxpivero rc,tvoreexv npoxoeoovprcr of,roonpeiorn ovripoon. H po-

ergxor xepooxprcr. povno ErooeouyKpoH rnpevn ornv nopoicr,ous 31 Auyoorou,nopcrrnv npooxnon oe crurn nov xproucrvv npooeuyov Kor onoKopUevov orporlorv. Ynnpf,,epcrroro n pvn orporrr,tuxn govcLo Erpouog rng rng MrxpcrgAoiog nou rcnnpouoe ouvoxn Kol Uoxrurrrnro, yeyovgrrou rn Usrerpcqeoc ontrrovux uourx Kcuorporrclrlr< ncrpoyovroous lrrerrrro poyoieg e[,ei[,erg. To r<orog Kclrcrorpo<png epqruxoxor oEurng oe xo urx nrov repoouo. fro rnv el,nvrxn xorvovio, exrg on toug 23.000vexpous, rous ovorrnpous Kor rougrpcrqrorieg, yro o.puve nouxorp n oeqrrnto yl rnv rxn 18.000 owooDpevov orporrorv. Mvo or poyaieg ef,eif,erg rrlo roor rtrxq neio on8nocv oro vcl <f,exoorei> orpcln rlorrKn ouprpopo:yrq rnv o.Erf,nrov rrpooeDyov prope Kor uS polrorrxegooyegnou qrepe ourn orn veoenvrxn xolotvicr. I

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rou. Epnroe ouvelnro xcrxporo rnv crnooron vcl rng rorv 0e upoonoOero Envr,:v MrNpooicrg opl{-Tougt-Npurprycrvu.r8ouv trotoUUVIlKo. UCXpI ot Apvn0nr<ev toDSoet no-. ougtnv onOero. olo ro Kovco,rl rrpvouoe neprootepo, Kr crx1rn EYKorpoonrn Epupvn, xepr rou yro vo pn QUYov yovrcrgUe rov xuvrop rrou rov rexprve ctneprqpoorcloro veopfepyro Ilonovpou: <Kcrure-

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Toxupepveio rqg orov roupxrN xo nou rov rvrocrper.Xxnveg lppvqg.Etit qpiNng oxoouBouv. eyxoroorfOqrc ro Or poprupieg rr'rv f,evc,weivor ouyNovtouKeg. eqvrxti enooieg,otpcryg, mopoi xor NcrBe eioug qpr- orporqyefo Ncrernro npog EAnvc,tv Appevirov uOioe Ncrr zouv rct ncrvrooro cripcr. H Xpupvn ruiyercrrong tpoyeg nou ovnouv or o rpouc',rreE Noupevnv. rou To rpnvryepizer nrpcto xr ouenropevoug crvBpdnoug irou Ur xoOe peoo npooncrBouvvo ercroouv oro nyyoyorxcr Kor c4tprKovrxo noeprxcryrcrvo oorSouv. Or roroyegrov oDUUoxrKv Nuepvnoov[pos rous ovrrnpoocdrrous rous pruS: Ncrpicrevepyercr nou Btr evoxouoeroug Toupxoug,uS rpoyrKes e<Auornpo ouereprng>>. pcog KrvS t,lpS. Kr 0o opKouoe<pro oicroro pvro> -ypoper o rre npof,evogtc'rv Hvrrtpevtov llouerov Tzoptz XpTov- (novt.r crnrnv roDpKlKnouvorxio, yto vcl ouyr<pornBei 0nprt-ricr Toupxtrrv>. n rov Mo. ro oulrrpepovroeixcl oroltt.loruS FrIouKeS rov Kovovlov rou novioxupol; oupUoxrKouoroou. yro rnv crvBpnrvnof,lonpenercr, eEuruxcbg rcr nionpcr oulreepovrclovnoro8lnoe ro BoppogNcun peycroqruxiorotv orpcov. Apxr-roi oppoxor voures LrrpontLlreql tSTrpoKol U{. feig roug Kovovrougrorxmegrous vo vrpnovro.t. O Apepn<ovg upf,evogeoKepUsvo nnpoiooe ug rcnnyeg Nuepvnong -uou povorr rougxirng rou vrupo elxcrvro eprroplo Ue rn veo Neporxn ToupKio- yrcrvo Oon0noer xprolcvrx nn0uop. ro O of,roporoxog rne XAN Eizo Tzvrvyxg ou)

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oroouro roixnoe Lo rov envrx epuoprx oro rou Aryoiou orn peyon or'rouxn emxeipnon rov oUoxov, poovu uog eleye: (To pvo nou nf,epo cruxo.poro, ntov u o'uurcruoOqrvqvoutio>. IIop' egpr,rgug eBel.ovuxgroreg npoononrov or xrroeguou xu8nxov 8ereg,neproorepeg uopo uou o<irBnrcrv. Auoloyropg: 700 xrroegvexpoi. Evolnor exoroUuupronpoEuyeg.Kr o1rrpnreg xrroeguou or ncripvouv ro ppo rng olrnpiog npos ro eooneprr< tng Avoroicrg.Mvo ou rnv ueproxn E1rpvnguuooyizovro.r er<qrv oe uevnvro xrroegor ovrpeg 45 18cog xpvov nou xoOnxov o' ureguS FoKpS, g yuprop. orouncg, popruptxeg uopeie xt -rpig To rog Mocr oro onoxo.iro o Kelro Aroropr<pnoiver Oproprrn ornv <lxrcrop Iopip>. O roupxrxg unOuopgrov cruoSever. <Ero pepn uou rpoyoun8nKcv yrcl npdrn tpopct envrxo ro opnprKo nn, exei nou upcoroypo<prnxe

yoocrf,ovrro r<opou. H 6oxorn e-Lnvmn xpouyn otnv Avoto.Ln Tnv iro po, iyo uro ef,orcrnrn Eppvn, xotcr ro uur<o,orov Toeope, ro unoeippororng vrro Euoyye.Lro,exei uou or ooErorg pe rnv uoro xnlrvng eAnvrxngorporros.poo oc Uro xqt proruero nvo8peqrcvrous [orepes mS exxnoiog, Oure pro vn vxro, emrqzovtor oro r<opo.ro. nog rou At<piro, er<eiuou ovquoero peoororvrr< xcroo urxo ore pro opcripcrev ouolrever orn xr ou' nou oppooov oxorontor or yror rorv exrg crnro pn onopcrirnrouto urozuylct. oreprcr, 17oD Kol l8ou orvr,rvyro vo f,ovoqunf,ouv ro yevog, H rcuoyn eivor olreirr<rn: vcr ef,ovtroBovyro vo exei oure evagEl.nvo.gmq ev crvcrrrveer. pnv uoouv oro xpro LoutoupKlKouoTpotou. 0 orporqydg To o8q poucrproornvovtqr pupooro ornv Koivoxqg.>H nn rorv AlrozvrrrvKc[ roDTqvto]ou onver o.n po puoxo rcovuourov, noL.Loi of,r,tlrorrr<oi noMerex{011 roug xopregrou Kopou>. H notrouxn rng npoocomxrnrqfioouqtreror. pnxove rn or<npnroroyn. Kr eror, oo oOneoneuopevo mqv yro qoropvo.nove xor otnvovtol VUA0rivo To Kor, ro flo.por,n Mreqiotcr, or Bepxov- t<ov, ot'-r1revo, or npoorooio eg,ro Muouop A.,ru, MeyoegTopveg,o rou pcoou to ryooro nnyoro, or<ivnro, noOnrrxo r<r qoua, upoopvovro.gxonorov vo votootei vq n xovr(ripevou Koueg, Tpooo., Ayio Ocorervn, Ayio Korepi ro n 0privouvo, ro onopo.r<xr Kope.Lrou,ro rpop rns rrporou to onoerrn iryo toug.trrxvo rpoyrxn, nou t<ove xqroiog nou ro 'oepvov aoyo.,ro povo-zuyo qroriveo.p rre Apeprxov noeprx ctvroloKplrn yuKro, ro noi,uqxrq pe ro oovropro,or rrerctxres Epveor Xelrrvyour vo ypcrqer peprxg urepoxes or voineg, o epcryKoUclxclcg, pnovxeg. n grKpn oe),ieg,Bpnvvrog roru rq oBo Bporo evg oxpn crrxounopou.Kcrr n cpro ppo reerver. EpoyxoeovrivoKtrru u' oycnnoe uori o norpos Uou, rou Xorzngpoyrou, ro Eyyzu<o., ro To oxoror ntpreropyo. H oryn onveror ornv eMorzrxo, ro Appevrxo, ro Xmroro, o Ayrog pnpn nopoio rou Toeop,Ue roDS ruopovrokoKcrvorovrivog,o Ayrog Nrxoog,o Ayrog Tputpt^lv, gvougoro ouirro roug Toupr<oug. Eryn qorl,eer mg npoyroyros 1rou,n Aoxn rov Kuo (poupvos Kor orcrxoporo. llcrpcrf,evn,KcttctvuKuKn.Eov evo vnyv, n Euoyyen<nExon, ro Tenis Club, oorepvroxpr vo exeroepe io rprovro xrl,neg xl.npn n xqro nn xoveror oug gyeg. orporo. Olor olrilnror, xporvrog eg rnv ovooo To vo1ro. ue0oiver Kor orn Bon rng f,,egu- roug, xotov rn pcrpn qxrn. To rppcuoreeittrng rpver ro ooqro Iopip. oov. Auroi eivor or reeurqior rng Kcltoorpoens.

orr<ovolrio clrext nrrepo yffi ffiq ffix*w Ycs*ergxct, siffi#m#$6*gx*xmv{Kst#cvr:q Boro, enernn rng ef,oxoou0ei vo eurzei on' oro o.roro.,ro voUo g"Jffivr,reBvegepnpro, xopn oro <Smyrna figs>, ourn {v# {pp#$trq, cffiffimw*xcmq ffi{*{vffi p$* Ke*r rnv #Kffi w#K*:r. *ffi**wwffi M{*W{ffieffi exexrrepn uorxrtricr f,epv oxcov rou oycroaffi

"ToTpoU Tqq roD, rn pepopxio rrrfrrKou pe rorKrun rov ufio- npOKuU0i0S IIou orpotnyo KoJ\ivorn xor eu[e]opxn rov ovrlou- ro'oepvov vroyporopxn llouoyo, ovrpes oII.Luro oEoorr,rp- r' floyo, vous orov xl,ovrzpevo 8pvo. Tourxpovo, oroug ppoug rng AOnvoE Kovouv rnv epEovron roug opoegFe rrouKcrxqr Movrxep. Eivor or <Hpox),eig> rou Erlr1rorog,or (pclvcruroi eBeovrg Kr,rvorovrrvropo, erepovor rou or uov oul,ytrv (ernorporov)r nou eixe opyovoer og lctpctorporroux orilpo roro rnv nprn nepioo rou ESvrxo rxoopo o kowng Merofg. Erriong, xororl8cwow xoprKoi orr ro Meoyeroro4rorvcrurrepoomoroDv <xoqrlopo-ooroi>roug. rov -o Ev o Merof,,crg pvog rou oorrrou nouKo KoUou nou eixe nporo ruxBei evqvriov mS Utxpoororrxng eKorpcrreios eixe opvnSei orrolonxor rrore Oon pero ug exoyegrou 1920-Kveiror poornpn yro ro oxnpcrrroU rxrotoprxng xuepvnong. H ovo0eon p<'rg rrpo0unoDpyicrg rng orov Mero8o nporoooe roo rnv ovripoon rov oulrpof,o xrov oo Kcrrrou irou tou nonrxo r<ouounou Erorlror vo orpnoouvniocoroug rn vexpn mo Ictviq. Kor f,oEvrxo, pon o' crDrn rnv orr^urn oronn tng vuxrcrs, ou ro eniroxro ((KKVoS),nou pioxerm o veos crpxrorpornyoglloupevoxog Ue ro enne}eio rou, prcroo.uryyoovtnxei, rpcryrKoouyKovrouxn, ctvcrrprxrcrorrKn oulrol,rop rng, ouonnrn orn oro per,rio rng. ev onpoiver ore norovo ore erpoo, onpoiver, o{rovo, rn (Oopo), rrou orn orporroLrxn yooo perotppozeror (o[ox0lpnon)). oe Aur ro oonropo xeiver prcr oxnpn enoxn xrreuv. Hrov ro nv84ro ovrio ornv nqor rror envrxn Iorvio. H oxorn xpouyn ornv Avoro.l,n.To oproux teog exor xpvov Meyooiecurolrou. Kor otnv A8nva; Ev roro xrrcreg xorogrovouv or upoguyeg, orov nourx xopo rou qvuevrzeropo snrKporei novrxg. O Tnog zruoi rnv ncrpoirnon rng xuepvnong Ilporononodxn. H erEn rpoEipr,rv Ko.rerrxcrqroprou evreiver rn yevlKn roroxpouyn. ronoerg ouyK^,ovizouv Inv Ilporeuouocr. O Anpnrpros lovopns -ouoroorrxg opxnyg rng oorLrxng roporof,,ng-onovrq pe vo, cruornprepo perpo oyoxproiog ror pe crnoypeuonnUorovouyKevrpoeov. O oorrogK<,rvotowivog, pe nyye1ro rou, onouei qn ro q evrruo xcrr nerO<rpxio. KoroH oroon, prog,ev eivor nto uvor vo eeyx8ei. O opxrorpornyog Ilougevdxos orve1 eoneuopevo on rov Toeop rnv rro o.f,,tpoxnpovoo

&rqx&*ffiqix $q #Jywm*vi{e$ivx$rwffi ryffi **t:s*y* " s**x W *ffiffir,l,xfr,ffi KX3#{&6p*}v #SsK* Kffix *$xes*6xs*w vTiv#* VmV*KC't T'"1 K{3Ttr!{$3trUVn

rov ef,8perpe. O fepyrog B)rxog ornv <Ko8npeprvn) rov KoroyyAer <og xpor<o nou ovpeve rnv Korcrorpogn yro.vo Bpflpn rnv Eroof,iovrou>. Terxcr,n xupvnon flpotronouooxn-lovopn KoroppecrKor orn Seon rng opxizeror vo un rov Nixo TprawoguMdxo. Mupooro oro oerq rolreio, rn yevrxn oyxuon xor ro pyeBogrng Kclrcrorpotpng, n vn ruepxor vnon rou ovuevrzeropo eivor cruvoro vcr crvoperpn8ei. 0 oplrorpr4yog Or poyoior puBpoi of,,nongrotv upooEyc,tv, fetilpyrog nou xonqrooro oreyozovrqr oe exrnoieg, oxo- floupevdxog eio, onoSnxeg,orporveg,Oorpo, oxpn Kr orcl llqro Avoxropo, uo.poouv novrq. ro Ero orporeulro rcr npoyporo eivor oxpn rrro olJyr<exqrvo..O xuprog yr<og orpouog xer perorng qepOeiorn Xio xo.r rn Muunvn, uou or uvorrnreg eyxou rng xorooroong on rnv xupvnon eivor ovunopxreg. Thv iro po rpuyoeg orpouregououivouvvoneg oqrlropieg xor r4roivowor,u pouv pupooro roug. To yrori To ng eErooovro npoyporo cirg erirnponer ovovxoio.

35

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Bevrzog<ef,,ercr<H xoroorpoEn>-q yporpei o Eeu8prog xcrr orov qv ev eivo.r peycrutpo ou tnv urol rng Kovoro(ro vrrvouu.Letog 1453).Erg rnv utorv rng Korvorovrrvouneorg, xor ouov, ro BvogtUervev elg rcts eorio.grou... unoroYUevov rnv oulrqopov oL' pervevouvexizov rnv zonv rou, ev nq8ev rnv ouoiov no8ev onpepov>. rou Xuptpoponou ev oEopcrpvo rov f,,eprzr,l1r Envropoo.r rnv Iovicr, oq xor crn rov flvro xor l'iyo opyrepcrxor on rnv Avotorxn Opoxn. Ioroprxo ro uepro ytaxer nro per tnv onqvrnon rou. H n pu<poorcmxnuepurerrolS <tnv onoiuv) -nolg nr'lve rou uouopyrepoon ro npo mg levrxng Euveuong OHE, oro 1957,o rre unoupygEf,coreprxvEuuyye<upoor<An8npev uog oq4re.LoS Apc,xp# [ h f rA ^ , g l rcroxolrevun rng Ayyiog,fo-L,\iog xol hoxotoxthocor,lrpoxrKng triog...nro noepog Kor nro envxgne1rog>. oEera4...ev ucrrxvir woxororof,eov eror oro eDpurcpo emppons,pero rov A llolxrov o<pcrrpv ornv uvoper,tv olrro flepo, n'rv Meyo.Ltov Avctorxn Meoyeroxor Aurrxn Aoict. Ku rng pir,4 e orov eeyxo uerpeoir,rv Morc'tv pupoorcroLnv cooungon rougAyryAoug Svrxn oEnlron Topxc'tvxor Aptov. feyovos nou cv cxripnoov oo xor ntrg eor rrpcTre EMnvcg norLrxoi. euOveg, ono fJg upog ug eooteprxg pcpwgpccrnrngoiooro ovoyvu-rpizer Ho;rupvdrx4 eenUcpio nourr<q opuvouv Kor rous o o0ro u "AUri0u0, neprypoqer rlv rxoopvoug oorlKoug nourxoug xmpuro ondpooq elqvxo rou uou r<oveiE opoug. llpr<erroryro euBveg rougev puopei vq [ooeioet Kcrrrrg onoiegpolrorrxo roniortove ou rre o Enioxonog Epupvng Xpuoorolrog ornv teeurqiq euroron rou, iyo nprv on ro popruprx rou Bovoro, rpos rov Bevrzo: xor Kpttrog,o.o ou <Oen'ropg Mu<pcrg Aoiog,ro Enr,rx mg nlcni ergrov An... mg cxpcntoro Eriux E0vogxcteoir,'er Uilcrv qiuor eivoror uoiltxoi r<or npooorneoiotg orouromgxotcroqtoEng peyunv rng eu8r.r4 opog>. xoi oogex8poi,urw xor Ylreig<ppere Kctr xcr8ou ouYKeKplUveS oxr uS Aur, eoro, ev ecrEpuver Kctl pvo yevrno ronxeg eu0veg oorLm Kcovoro'utivou Tuv rou rou xuepvrmxv roxerprorvpercrug exoyE 1920.Eu8uvegnou yivovror crx1rn peyoeg,ov ovooyrorei xoveig u ouvexroqv nro nrotpoptiwog eixov xororr<ooer, vov ntrepo rrou rrprv ovOouv Kctr Kcu yro rn yvdllrn riov Xulrlrcrxcov Ylo rnv enepxopevn Korctu opoEn uou nn orr to 1921nrov ecrr,tpvor enpxeror.Aev eogpuveroure Kov ug euBvegrou orpotnyoMero.f,o,rou Uvou uotu<o uou eixe lxcrrpo npoLeEerro oref,oorng exorporei-o og. lrori, uog ypoqe xcrr o f. Bcrxog ouvrnpnrrxg errng <KcrBnlreprvng>nop' o nou rou znrnoe enipovcrvo yer nrng poro r<o.r rel oto o.rnv ctnorpnrou, ourgolorrno rleprpvovo ro r<cn xpof, mv r<oroorpoqm... rov elnBev... Epeoe wcrs (cDS rou xor Benoevo yivn r<ornp<o8unoupyg>. Epoxo Iroirepog t<pixogoe o ourrc lypo rr,lv eu8uvv unnpf,e o norog oppoorng Epupvng Aproreing Erepyrong. I

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xercerurcypnprxc'rc utogngOeiildoo epovrlq lvo cv A0nvcrrgc;xnvo8ernBei unooxrl rou puycro crorecr nopooroBn pru ouoruxouoo lruplovexcu KpogEtKorporeio Bpropeuuxnvixn...>. c,-rg Kcrrpro cLxr)pn xopoKTrlptol rrcplKotrltclilL)ro rKtl r,.li:i,,r;:rlr:;r|rrrrrr,ir rig euopveg rcov trturcNoeuprcrvvxucpvnoectv ylc rn L'Kclnyoprunpro <...O oqiornyg llorroog po;\rorn : KpotjlolI Kn Kfi| fiolpr)rJ)n npooc8nxe u crv unopxn onoruxio Bo nvcron flvoqr|Prln I tu K(il ilY01)11t npto. iroer rou oiroiou eyrve n ixr-r c;ro rxroNro t;rpmorlnv eu8uvn.Av onperotSn cpeovns curruxro8crerxeio, trou xctenl,e ornv xrfllxn oc Oiloro Lorv Oonornoorpev opeoc)gLovBcroreo eBnergrnv vc fovapn, Erlnrou, llglronanooxn, ypolrpllv notgnvoon rog ciycrBog Oeolxn, Mfioouvenciogrng rqrzn xor Xarzncrveom xor oe r;orcr ro_rv vixng...>. Xrpomyo xqt aoru KoI ornv ei<reeotr Me oc;nxr roo ro Kornyopmnplo ooo ro nrr 1u)v trpulruv. I u l l r t { , ) v 0 l l i l o n n v n . u u v h i x U l ( t o l . K ( - l t n y r { , n flog rorvpnpruprolv. rrpoepxoUovcDv crnug uo xcrr u rnpiou nrcrv cl fepyrog llonavpou" rreupegKot LrE vces crpxcroKes rrnyes(ov Ncrr opropsvegorr' ource iovrat UL ro orclyovoprrpo. To xouryopnrnpr() ruov tvn cpuo0eg xelpcvo, _ urog eivor ef,oou rrepinou oo lo avooyo Nelpe_ ctoxor enieNuNcL). euBuvegrcdvUerovoepol vo rrou crccryouv ixeg oe rKroKro r;rpororxeto crprovtirvxurpvncecov,xupirog tonrr<eg,evronrn xcLrooi.ng roug. zovlol olcl ncrpoxorco: An ro KUtnyopllnlrlo flo{irtr,, u xaplKtnpt. Aveocrv ouv><ron prcrgulxe ipnonE rrou u rn lu ouKn rreplKonn: <...Aruxeig rpouporior eppigSnoov tlev ejxov fiorc fllorerlJcl Kol Irou eixov xcutr xorpous urrovolluoer lcupopoug erg rov ppov erg Eoxn-Dexnp, nc,rguponynBei o rpnoug.Eivoi, otrre pcre,firpcl on xoBe opqlomnoir u exerenleg ouppg, r' ou eqeuye rrpog ro MourcrvclouLgre (o Kr,rvo.rnwivog) Ncrrro novrrnLov eutrehciov rou. vo ennxer pvo erclvo ro eyxeipnpctnou ouvet_>Eureng crulxog 8e1lirnc.rv, o urroi.)pyos t0jv rcrrpe rnv niorn. Xrpour,lnNolv N. Oeorrixnq, nrpi cvog rrc;xoefto: rEu8uvovror,oxopn, yrcni ev eneerf,crv no- p ro
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nrr<BappogYro Uro eYKorpnonoyxiorpoon nou oxgn xor o Bevzog ovrrlrerurze ouvuozovrog rnv Ue rnv onerLn tng oloorporeuong, eoxrotoug pnveg uprv ou rnv onopoxpuvon rou ou rnv ef,ouoio. Av n Eoo errveito rrpog rnv r<nreuBuvontng uuVn tng tnv (ctouoyxiotpotong, o1rnvovro.S nou eln8e peroon rr,lv ouvSnr<v> nponrn FYankin-Bouillon, uou e6oUeto rn ougtpovio. oEohoe orov Kelr)\ Atotopx rnv oupooxnpouorn oulruopooroontng lciog (eixe uponyn8ei n oulrEovio tou Ue rn Xoreur<nEvr,lon), evo ornv ELcto oueperve n nSrr<n opnpof,n rou Arw TzogstzKctl oproUtvov ouvepyorv rou, UrcrKor n hoio inov ef, uncrpxngex8prxg roxeilrevn evovtt rns xpo.gpog, rte Ocref,ooEoizovrv ol evrmor Enveg n 8o eferiBewo outoi oe ol'ryrepoug xrvvougou exeivouguou rerxo ovtrlrerdlfllo0v.

Oo eixe e ounvrnon ro pruoprKo epornUo rol) Anpnrpiou lovopn npos eKervousnou rov oupoeuovpro erepn orqn Ylo rnv flctpUovn orporoorn Mrxpo Aoia, <vor, o^rou e..nvrr<o tro u 8o onoyivouv or uotuxeig ouroi unOuopoi rrou tous unpqre oro orP Pog;>' - Eu0vovror yrcti ouxpuqrovon rov enrov olJUpctxrrciv uvc4revrx o rn ror<oivroon ov rns 25ng Noegpiou 1920,ornv ouoiq eYevero KctlnyopnUmrrg yog Yro rov orKovoprKo oIToxl,erop mg E)'.}'oogoe nepintoon erovctqopos tou Kcovorovtivou orov envrx 0pvo. Eu8vovrqr,o.xgn,yrori ev ouzntnoqv Kov Ue rov Korvorovrivo, yvt:or <rrxlo rrovi) Yrc r1S

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ouppnxrxg uvoperg l,yto nov groyeppovrrdrv uporrlrnoev rou, oo Kcrl rov eopv tou Ue ro yeppovx oorrx oixo, tnv npoonuxn rns rropoirnong rou unep rou roxou rou. Kcn eivqr oro u pro rcu<oivoon, ro rleUe prex1revo nou reprypotpnKe.cK lrepous torv oup0 fe6pytoq poxrr<v uvopeotvnrov peromxn Yro rnv E).Icto BoXoS ueprprzeto r<upropxrr<o rxorporo. Ayyeou tng xor (rAB), Eivar, poE, ef,ioou orou n oyvnon rng rou ouyyporp6uq ourng on pepoug rng perovoelrprou0fxoe, xrxoivorong 6p0pou vng xupvnong re oug oqrUcxlxg uvctperg pfpeq nptv fyeq pev exolov npEoorv>yrcr vo ro <onopoer<rov o),' xuroppeoet opvnSouv tn on8erq fipos rn xtdpoUclS. prono

- Eu0vovror yroti orKeroov uovre.'g ro uu r<ppororv @reeu8epr,tv onoronuore oupUeroxn oroug oxercropoug Yro rn ouvxron rng Frxpoorouxng exorporeiog Kctl otov ro.Boproporpornyrxtilv Kol roKtrKt.rvKrvnoeurv. onlrerdtvetorxctpoKrnprottxct<oute Kcv prct Onc.lg oxrlrn yro Uro r<ouoroouvewnon ev enrxerpn0nxe>. Kqr ro eurxeipnpo uou npon0nKe, Kl oup(povo pe ro onoio xor or Qreeu8epor rnv Yro roug e1rnpo uepioo uou eixe rponyn8ei eixov <,rg ev roug irougo.nor<eropoug, euoroBeiyrori n xoroorqon orn Mrnpo Aoio eyrveoro perof,,qn uoxoi,n nou nrav, xpiorlrn n xot quentotrKn.

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yes roD Noelrpiou rou 1920,eixe ouoreoUcr vcl epgovrorouv rporvpevo ouoovOeong rc,tv evurov uvopeov rrou yivovrov neproorepo epgovn oo [epvoos o xpvog. - Eu0vovro.ryr uS peyoi,egemxerpnoerg uou opyovooov xqro rou Kepo Aroropx ro Mopuo, rov Iovro Kor rov Ayouoro rou 1921nnr p.eotxo rn ouvrprn rrov uvolrev rou Kcrlrnv euron rng ouv0nKns erpnvngUernv Touprin, Uern ouyKoroSeon rrov ouppoxotv, crlo xr Ue rnv onoronuore oflrupof,n Kor rrou eixov quoreopo rnv xoronrpn rou Eori Eexip, rng Krouroxeros Kor rou AErv Kopaxroop Kor rn uoxepeororn nopeio rrpog rnv Ayxupo., xor,r qu o<ppnreg xrlrorrng ouv8nxeg xor pe ernororoetpoxrop. |ro rnv rropeio ourn upog rnv Ayxupo eyporyeo Eeu8prog Bevrzel,ogoe enroton rou rrpog rov Aprorein Erepyron, Ue nUepopnvio 28 Auyouorou 1921(omv iro emoroln ro ovoyyertov enrr<eipevoyopo tou Ue rnv E.Levo Exuircnr) xor (...Me ovnouxei n ro rropoKoro of,roonpeicoro.: upog Ayxupo upoel.oorg, ru ev ouv oprouxv onoreopovoror vo UcrS rropioerxor ourn n Ko.ronrprgrng Ayr<upag, ouopcrxpuvorg n on rog 8ol,oooiog ooergpos UoSef,,oo8evizer po.gex0ror rer ergxrvvoug.Eneuo.e qvnouxootrxn eivo.rn oroors rns loiog, onorogex8prxn npog npog onpepov...). Eypognoov,npoypou, oug enrxerpnoerg 1921 rcu oe}ieg onSrvngenonoriog,ou ug opnprepeg nou xer vo emeif,,ero envrxg l,og. pepog, prog,ev puopei vcr crpvnAn ro o.o Eei xovvog,rroirepo ov xpiver er<rou oogoog,

0 norog 0puooflis IUpvnq Aprorei49 pe Irepyr4qro orpor4yd Aeolvio llopooxeunouo xor o{roporrog rov0xr6$pro rou 1920. Ae{r6,0: o l-kiyxooq

ryxq #sxsxffi$p*w#$q$Wffi$ xffis @rywww, e-pwy&qs'ffi, wxffillffie;q wffis'affiaweryq ffisffie$*ffiq" wq ffi*$sxpmwpwq ffiTs {We #e"xg&ffi#ry# mww vffi * ffimmrxwsxqmq ffi$ffie"

- Eu8vovrur yro uS pozrrg ovuxoroorooergepnerponelrrov of,,rotlrcurxvuou <eopvovro>ong yro ug Eroevrzel.rr<g nporrlrnoergrous on rougo8pog enove8vreg orporeupnqrooro KovorcrvrrvrKog ouvoeLEorJs rous (nou eroupo<puBrxo. uooo> ou ro n1roroog f,ov oro percrf,, orroznprooersyro rnv o.uopoxpuvonroug ro 1912) Kor yro rnv errovoeopo rng nooros orpcrrrouKns KoorogKcu rov <expurovpoppouxeirov) rou reprororxizouvouvnB<'tg roug Bpvoug. Aurn n 1rqzrKn ovuxqrooroon rc,tvof,,rropouxv ou roug qDrKouS, roouppgroug on rnv KUo epvnrrxn uo.poro.f,,n nou uponBe ou ug er<o-

ou ro onor),eopo pe oo yro, n or eKorpcrreieg exeiveg,ev averf,ovrov Kepo rogro vprpo nyern rng xpog rorr Kcrreupoov rov roDpr<rr eSvrr<rop, xorl,nf,,ovoe nrf,oo.frori ror ov oxpn xoroo1rovrovn Aynupo 8o eupeue vo rrpoxopnoouv or E),nveg, pvor xor oon8nror orr<ovolnrg Kol urrovoUeupevor ef,,r.lreprxg xor eooreprrg, pxpr Epzepoup,750 xrrperponon po.xproon ug ooergeqroroopou roug. Eivor oo4rogeuiong o roxupropg,oupeovo Ue rov onoio n opgronrnon eK Uepougrng Eoog rng riog uov rng xponrng unoraongrng Toupxiog, nolg erf,en uopeio npog Ayxupcr, roprpr,r-

0 Eeu0eplog Bevr(eoq. Ardproe rov Irepyr4 noro oppoor{ Ippv4g, oA' ourdg nopepervepe ror r0uq )ovrrpevr(erxog

39

u ououoic,rg n nepioogtttv npoouoBervqurv eoirrveg errperrevvo unqpfouv rov Suorv o.irrv"eg nye:.... nperre vo Kqrqn0ov,crv ev nf,ev, o r<orpe8crprov xerAuprov epxeror ro qBrvnc'tpov pv. Kor n EIog, ro yougonouoioug,to youg onoeuovrSers rnv riov ourns Yonvnv, oixoe...>. vo xer rnv uuoxpcoorv ro.xe4roon Kor rpers Uepes opyrepo. (<Ko8npepwn>, Koro crnrov riro <Or uolrepovoi>,xo17.8.1922) ev renye:<...Kcrrn EcrE npener vo.in uov *ild rous noUepovogrng ro rnv npov rr,rv qev ii,l"li rng Avoronv. Ore evov euzovov ro veog rlepureIr0s)). - Eu8uvovrol Yrq rnv En<pronrou vpou 2B7B :,i+,: ! r t/.Mi " xr,lpig tng16.722 xcrr pohoro orn <poucoxro>, iliiir' . , ' q : . . , . \ '" Kqv ouznrnon pe rov onoio eKnpuooero<nopovott"" i 'i:i,, il1i ti:,1' ,','t', UoS) n olrorxn psroeopo upooolnov rou epxovrcl rnv ornv Eocron rnv ooonn, ouoypeue Mnpoor oroug otov ev eixcrvegorcrcrnoioonornv Ecro. t<ot TdQouq ro lrioos rov TopKov evovrl rns Eoctg oe voroq Kor <volripotgreOeorpnpevo) eorei pe roornprcr T(')v rov Envov Ko.l crfloreeo (rKolo^oYmKn rn unpoareg (roroouunosuror6v yrcr rnv ef,vrroonrou nvrKouororxeiou noe opreg norvgotoug cron> npoxropeg). xrnreg, noropxoug, T0uq noD 0Ko.Lou8noe. orov reTo vopoOernpoout,nou orrooKorlouoe - Eu8uvovrol yrctri oenoov vo flc4lBer onpqqrou proprop rr,rv upootpyt'tvuou eOec,lpeiro - AuyouKrn n xpovlKn nepioogAuyouotou 1921 y:to rnv aroD1922.Mro xpovrxn npioosroD YlclUv roDS 8o uuopf,ouv, xpiSnxe roo evoxonornrrx xupvnon nou ro uprerve,ore xorcneBnxepozi El,nveg orpotrreg onporve neporrpo xnrr-ron trreotro orotxeio. tng xornyopicts orn rroypct<pio ro.r nron rou nBrKo,ev yro rov Kepo onpcrlvt tcovnorlrxv ilou rcpcloov on ro eflclvclorcllrKo roD, eooreprxn evurng ooxnpc,ron opyovoong ro vcruoon, oDun^npoon rov oTpornYrKov ouupct- rxcrotnpro, Nopprotott 1922. O p.LoStou Aprorein Etepyron xrdv rou. - EuBvovror yro tnv ovoxn ilou enerfiov Aev 8rr uunpxe Lyog errrng ovoEopog ous eurnv rpcrKctl Buvegrou uuorou oppoorn orn Epupvn Yrcr ornv nponoYovoroD ctoKoDvrctv ornv tooreyrNn yro rnv trooxoronf,n rng UrKpcrolouKns prKn uflovUeuonrns exorporeiogn yrcr rn pn oqv exorporeiog1919-1922 ev rou eixe enrtpuoxOei xor norecopouxn ovooynpc ttSncplntoersnclxr <pBopolorS ro nooxon0vreg ro Be1ro, rot' ocrr<potg on noog rng, pe ouvnereg rcrf,,n Us Yro pog:evog ror<exprlrvog voyxnv roroprxog, rxrirepo rorv eqepov. Brr<, rou xeivoErou onoronopnoiourpoyou rou Ovoug, Kcrrn uuovpeuonev oxerizovror H nponcryovo. p.vope rcl nUooreuporct evrulrov rroDovnKcl rov rupiog n no.r crnoxerouxg uneu8vouYlo rnv rou xcroorpoEn n yro rnv exroon rnE, rroirepoorn ouoro EEK, rnv [popourKn opYclvcDon KoUlrouvrtns vexerorng <onooyng>) ouvtnpnrrKnsnopoour<ouKpporos, rroDeixe roxOei ef, unopxng xoro Bepe rcrf,,ng, rn yvclorn emoron rou Eeu8epiou rng Upoorrxng exorporeiogxopoNrnpizovrtrgrnv vrzou,on rnv xornyopicrrng npoooiogKor rnv xqt 0rS fleprcr^rortxn KcltoKtntlKn. Ur rng npoyporiov>Un oupUeroxnrng qre.\euBeKor o xopuqoiogop8poypoqos ouvLnpnrlKns (eK roJV rng onolrcrr<puvong B(xog),- png no.porcrf,ngo' outnv, yor o noporcrf,ng, f(epytoS) A(Wel'ou) ypoqe ornv <Ko8npeprvn) Koro on rov euyolrro rng on rnv ef,ouoio,pero g exoyegtou Noelr(14.8.22), iyeg pepegnprv or rnv piou rou 1920. riro <Oixot>> xttt' efioxnv o AproreingErepKor npooeqrepeto xoroppeuon rou uer[oD: <...Enpepov{ppovouuv yrcrngyro tnv ovonqrn rou pou tou onorouoyrcti, notgonlrercilvooe otrn eupnoiou rpcryou, :y\{Yi xorpicr:Aev eoEoyroo0norn Xpupvn, nr'lgo veoi**ir' {':* i:r"ff*\f ;jr:f i* #fr'$t*,{$'\,7* **i*il,rl'*{ tlT{"i{'i pe roDS n poprupog Xpuooto1rog.Aev exreornKe Qpo,g... "' u*l'rxi1nfl ef,r. Aev nrov Aoixg t,ls npos ro KoUUorrKo frili-ir:ti#* ,*,..'rt'*0.' o'' Vr{;'1r}1r '..tc' rov !*' {l{i}ptr*i#{! 1S1 I l*tefi vnporo, ev xor or @reeOepor xcnroooov .1.."*t'. I'...' rou yrori nopeperve orn Oon Kcll oroug<ef,r,rpreg> percrug exoyegrou 1920,ov Kctl Ue rnv ev8eppn

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nporponn roD Bevlzeou.EIIrIIeov ev eyxorooro8nKe ornv E^oo crouporipnoe rnv EupcDrrn, KO IIOu OuvloroonepilloD (ouooyi0 evoxns)). Aev pinoe ylo rnv Dnepcronron rou, Korr uou ef,enrp8n emopuvuxo ororxeioon ro ^roS K0ornprorns Korvns fvpng - onourogpeponnuxo, xoro reKpnpro, og onperoBei r<uroe rooro, on [r uS rxovoprxgKol rtg o.eg eyyunoersnoD rcrpcxovrol qrr x00e xovovrx. O AproreingXrepyrong1rorg eixe oueprcr ev ovoprf,,n oro orpc[rorlxo upoypcuo.Oure-r<oto. ouvcrrelo- oupperoxn ornv rpnyrxn xoon roug. Aur ouvoyerorooEg xor ou evo rneyporpnpo rou treuOepiou Bevrzou p0 npepolrnvio. pe 20.5.1919, uo.ponurn ro rorxnrn Xrour<or Erporeuporogxqr ro onoio qvoxorvBnxe Kor orov iro rov Aprorein Erepyron. To nopoBerco oxnpo, notg rooci8nKe oro nepropropevo orov oprOp, xoipro pr,tg yypcr<po, rou pe8nr<ov oro xeprct prKpcvnyrourou OproD otn llerqon Kol [oD nopoOnxcrv rn peooope non pou orn Bu<ecrio nponxn Brro0nxn Hpoxeiou: rHE EASTERN TELEGRAPH LIMITED 20.5.7919 IIAW COMISSAIRE Eaeotva oag avaxotvoa rc enpevov tneypatpnpanep annu9uva npog Atotxnrnv ZrAou t<atErpatepatog: <Etepytangpxerat e4 Zpupvnv og onarcg Appoorng mE EAaog.yn tnv r ttnta tou tautnv avtfirpoo@reet un euputatnv woiev Kr:pvnow xat BeAere oq4toprprrt1n anotag npog mg onyiag autou. TnE txatoooiag aurou e{atpovrat pvov znrqtata oarcpjrnE torcnoeag KaJ net1apxiag otpareparogxat orAouxat n taKttxn xpno4tonoinotg routatv n evexopvagorpauartxag enuetpnoe4. H aoru-

voptKn xpnotponoinory otparou yiverat anoxAetortxg xaB' onyiag opliootot). Eipat e eatog rt KaJ naoag unnpeoiagnpoE aurv Ba napexnt aut nnpnv xat evSouotcog ev natnv vri ouvpopnv upcitvnag rc peya pyov nep ouvrcAeirat ax1n e4 aiorcv nepag>. lvapizetg alta Aruyet noov apptorog vat n npog auLov ltnL oroouvn pog Kai noov eivat a$ng mtns. Bevuog YneBuvog,Aoruv,rq rnv eororeprnnvroir<nor\r,rnv rof,rv xor rnv oopoercrv rng eproxns o Aptoreing Xrepyrong ovoeix0nxe o'evov ou roug o1rnprepoug administrateur nou eoooov orov envrxxcipo. Trg enroerg ovoyvproe n Envrr<nBourou .\,notn ouvepioonrng rng 10ngIouviou 1922,iyeg eo1roeg nprv on rnv Kcrrcrorpoen, ooxlnps pt,rlrevo enopva:g pyorou. l.lrrg oyopcuoerg ro roo rou rre upoOunoupyounpnrpiou fouvopn oo Kctl rou xorvooueuuxoernpoorou rou xppoToSrurvOrecu0epov. Eine perof,u n).Arovo uprog: <...Ey, oug xco y\ioorv rov ulnpeotov rog onoio.g rropsxelo unqnog nepi rou onoiou o1neire, exr,t ro rxcriolro vo octszrunoo vo peivnre evrg rttv opiow rou eeyxou Kcll vcr oog to.poriloo 1S xoroxprorv ornv oxnpou rou ei,nvrxo qo, o onoios ev oog qxoou8ei erg rorornv eniSeorv evovriov ilpooorrov ov crrunnpeoior nov0olrooyouvror... rnv Kor )

Tooupporo rov ovrrorporfyov nou ouvfee fin Ippv4 lq Urr enr;1erptioelg oro Iuyydpro. And oprorepf or Avpeug Mndipog, Ae{ovpog Kovro49, Avooroorog flonoog, npiyxrnug Avpeog, Avprfog Mogqepfrog xor fedrpyrog Iloupevxog

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orepov npv ei<r4xrro ev M. Ac;io epyov rou x. Xrepyroou, xprg ergro onoiov vqror onpepov n Eogvo. enrerxvn ulepnEovog roir<nowupKor rlpoocrv ro e.Lnvrxv runov, neuourotrrvnv xp0rog...>. Eyvrirprze,perooivtov orn uuxn Mrxpn Aoio, :;'.:'l.r;'i.;li-'l; i,i'i.: r-r:'::,:'1'rr i::.l.,1,1':"il{,ir}iil;1,
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o Aproreing Xrepyrongro peyctopuoux ro onoio opropsvol tKclctv u ro oyvoooqv: tr ev yro xoroxtnon n rleproxn, pog eixe upootpepOei o n ei<einopouoicrirog eixe oxeon U tn ro.oqoron rng rof,,ng ef, ovporoE KCrrYrct oyoproop rcrv Meyootv uvolrecovmg truprnE. Kor o-

ro rqg unorteoe oqpeio orrg H polq rou Ioyytiprou nopurpeg Ayxupog rdvoug 0proppeurtxog rqg . ropti eKsrpoTefuq, Touq xopnfqrnqeqvrx{g

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u ivolre roBnpeprvg ef,erooerE. u Eyvrilprze,crr<pn, eixope peroei otn urrn rnv Mrxpo Aoicr <xr rcrvcr Epcopev eeuBepiov oo ro vo rcrerg pvoug roug olroe8veis UcrS, ournv ef, ioou erg o ro orotxeio rou oEo,ior,rlrev un8uopro>. Ernv nortnro rov Dnnpolorvrrou pooqtps o Aproreing Erepyrng ovoqeperor petcrf,u otiv xol o Tzoptz Xptov (George Horton), o YevrKoS npf,evogrov HIIA orn Eppvn Noro tnv rprerio lleprexeror n LgIg-1922xo.r yvc'totgqrenvog. rou Xprov yro.rov Aprorein Etepyronoro Npion (<The blight rng rtrio rou <H pcrorrYo Avorong> rrou ntrrooreuof Asia> o rirog rou npcorruuou, n BnNeyro nprn Eopo.to 1926),nou ctro pootrycr eivo.r n Toupr<icr. lpcrEer o Xprov: <O Erepyrongntov evogno ocrvrov BevrHrov Kpnrrr<g crv0pionog. o.f,royog npootlurxct yro.rn zt\o, o onoiogrov eixe enrLef,er ev Seonrou YuorouAppoorn nou uoxorepn eivor ouKoovo tpovrootei Kovevos.Eixe nou ouDKot ornpn oioOnon rou rNcriou rov xcrpoKrnplze qrno o.ioBnporou xcrBnxovtog.Zouoe oov epnpinpoxnon Kor ev e1rrng, ev uuoexrovr<o1no qovrzrcw uor oe KorvovlKe! exnloerg. EurBupooe, nog pe nnpoqpnoe o irog,vo pn xexor ror qrr,\oqrpovnoerg vo pn nproupyeieopoug, erol rorevo trruopeivo ouoier ion txctroouvn oe oug,uqrnoxcrr xopnltr loroUevous...)). Ynopxer pro efnynon Yro rnv eurxeipnon oonooyiogKol ylcrrnv crKpln enipprEn eu0uvtlv evovriov rou Aprorein Xrepymn,ilou rlnpe ro ponpoolpuYov otnv uo Ins lre lriv orptf,,nu,lv npt'.rrt-rv Eon Kclr rrou ovcrxurolverot xtore rroitepo clvoqopcs. o rrs cICrt-loKt's ornv xcnoyroyn,o lonpeutig voO Hpcu<etrns polroBng pe etir<euonoto rooprx ixuro, o uouyLoooog Kr Lre euponaixn ucrreio,o enr.'eyeig upooonrxg ou rov EleuSproBevrzeoYro rn Bon rou yevrxo rornnrn Hneipou, lou ror<pryro rnv onoteeopcurxrnrorou Kol ctpYotepcl Bnr<e

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xloro euUeveig evovu rng Eoog olo rnv im r,rpcr no.percv Xrepyrcrn rov oe evo <roxpovrx>pioog, rou rov ovoyxoze vcr ue(rog orrpoooKruous prypoEer,Drropynpos rrrcr, rreprnereiogrou iou rou oug ev unnpf,e rovrore oxivuvog ou qruxrKcr ovuvog>Kcn vcrKcrrcr.Lnyer: (...Ev Kpnrn, erri roupKoKporioE, pero.ro ftpororKsiov rou Kepnp [clocl Kor rnv percr xrvuvc,tv poureuorvergro Toni.o Movoornpr, Ncnourvor otpoyoi Kcrl or eprpnopoi rou Hpo.xeiou(rou Auyouorou rou 1B9B) uou nop' oiyov vcr eo<pozpnv rr;...i{!:,:i: i:.fl"ji,tiii}i;1;i}{;l1r.jli} :;il:3 {lrlir*\i ll i;!:

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yro rn <rcrxrKDpvn) Bon rou nurou oppoorn orn Xppvn, eixe e8eroe oyxpouon Ir ro Urupouoirn Xpuooropo, ro uvolnx xnprx uou eoEoyroo8n qn rov toupxrx xo gercrrnv eiooo peyoounon. roDroupKlKouorporou orn UcrprDprKn <uopoooroxE> rng pog rou Bpnoxeuuxo crpxnyoKcll rou eBvrxou nyern unoypcuc orov Xpuoorol.lo xpeosvo ro rpoormruel ro uoipvr rou oo Kcu vo nporr-r0ci znLnlrorcr lov o.gopooov rct nou oo pnopooexourepo. Xro noioro ourngrng oro.ong rou Nprveu enperrevo ucrperniocoro ogOovo envrNoipo nou eixov xuoer or Topxor xorcrrnv neproo 1908-1918. Enpxcrroyro Urooroon nou,nog onpervero Xprov,pnopooe vcrnpoerpOei ou onorovnnoreyvoorn rng ovSpnrvngEong. O ourcrpxrxg potgr<orcteyxrog, nrogueprypcrgeror, Xrepyrong,rroirepo pocroe ouvBnKegKroKrnS ovoyKns xor xorcrorqonguoropxiog,ev nrqv uvorv vo ouyxuepvnoer ore pe ro uvoUm pnrpouoirn orc pe roug 4roypovreg rng Xpupvng. Kor ov crKpn n uoureeiorng ouyxuepvnong enlpenrcv ctuug ueprnroerg,xou rroroBcr rue rnv erKvcl noue8vrxngroixnong n orng uoio npoeerrrnv erpnvrxn oulrnpeuon rov rcrrv xqtoixov rng ueproxng, Envr,tvxo.r Toupxcov xupicog,ol,u xor eovrivrov xo.r Mopcovuv r<or EpoirLrv, srKvo nou Ue roo Kno nproupyouoeo Xrepynng ps ewon rou Bevrzetrou, rrou, cruro @epouopro nn rou 1916,onpeiotve:<...Ev yver eive ovoyxn vo orroUoKpuvBpevon rog crvnnVerSu(p' oS elorKeiron oi.ore prxpn Engxor vo epuveuo8pev o.nrcrsclpxosun rog onoicrsol ooi, or eprneuroreulrvor rnv xuepvnorv f,vrov n),n0uoUV ewoov rnv et' crutvroixnorv...>. Enpxeuo, euorKo, uepi o.pxrov, xorovnon rotv n onoiov ou rougEpupvroug euoxngnrov crnerng og cruvorn-Kcrl n eeopUoyn f,orpeuxn uor<on trrrvonoiov ef,ooEorze, urSovg,ug oyo.Seg evrurtcboers orougrpiroug uo.pornpnreg, onovro.eoxr

Ucrcrrov o oetpv UoD,rclv onoiov or pc4rcruxoi Evor elrEovizovror oKopctr<o.r rpo rSrous vuxreprvogetprcrrog Kor ro oupnlnpcolro oUoD... ov n prxpootorrxn neprnerclo,n ouvnporpcr qnvovu ru<loeo5 r,rVtq tnv onoicrv orcDur,t oxcovycvrKng...)).

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poUIpoS xeri, vexopevos,yr(r rnv npooyyron Kor sppnveio rng UrKpoorouKngep[erprog, Ko.Bg n uvorrrua npocrong [].ov orrs nporoycveig nnyg orroKo.-\unrer oNnporo peyoero oe rou ro efcrrpeuxo nououvOero neypcr oro 1reocr onoio eNruix0nxe ourn n veoenvrxn rpoycoio. ftori n prrpoorcnrxn rreprucrelcr ev eivor ouo pro rlrepng envoroupxrnn ovuuopcrBeonore Kov evo o8poropo xerproprirv,eoroxotvn eotpo1rev(Vrng norog rrorrrKngnopcuof,ngproxrov rre oro rpoyporo ornv Eao.H prNpoorouKnrreplnrslcl orroreeiovcruouqororpn]ro rns re],eu, roiog rpcrong yvcirproe nou ornv nopeicr Ueoo oro rou xpovo ro Avqrorr< Znrnpa. Koro rnv rplorpn rpredo 1919-1922 Eocreruxe vo peOeipe rxn n rng uncnrrnra (npr<enarnepi ouvernrngenroyng rng envrrng efcorepmngnourxng) peoo orn ivn rr,rvefeif,ecor4 enixevrpo evgoveeoro ruou elreKronKou ovrclycvropouovolreocroug Meyoeguvolrersroo o evv euoio8nro xc;po rrou npoogeprav avoptpioLo (rnv eupurepnrsproxn rng ovoro..rxng Meooyeiou Kcrrrns Eyyg AvcnonS) oo Kcll oe pro xpovrxn ouypn nou ouyKvrptirver, egcliliosrng pcuorrnrognou rn roxpiver, orcrouororrxa ororxeio rng geroour<ng crupro rotoprKn npoypouxrnro oe pro crn. Aroprouvrog rou A' lloyxoopiou llopou, rcr roEopo oulrlroxrxo rporn npoxrirpnov orn ouvo, pooynonocrposUUouKv ouprgrr-rvrv lKov oxer pe ro rotrrel,rcp U0rcriloeprKng mS O8copovrxng

ll reeuruiu rnq Auroxpcropicrg ogoipeg enrpponsKor orKovour- npdEn oe H xng expero.i""\euong, orroresoDoroorlKcr o- Tp0Yoioq' rrs ug lptlpvq ortg Anoovorpooov. H ovugorrxn ourn xorqoron nrnpn8nNe Kol usro ro npag rou no^euou, Ko- QdYeq 0g n xo8e neupcr oxoou8ooern rKn mg fex(DprolnYpolrpn, [poocpFoouevn, guorxo, oug rrcrteprnregrorv rexrr<noev rng. Auoreeopo rucrvn ep(povronprog ouoiognpoxorpov eryKor roopponluiv frouKOreoLnoov Llr0v oDYKDproKuJV oxpn nro uoeniurnpro.nn nonoxnunBeon. Yn our ro rpiotrro Bo enpene vo ef,erooorlre rnv ovoSeonomv EAoo,orr ro Avdroro Eoppcrxrr< Eupouho, rng evrong yro rnv onooron orpcreuporiov orn Epupvn rnv nvorf,n rou 1919(xor -trcr8og peyoo, oS cwoyvxr va.rn Oecopnooulre pron r(t)vcnvrxvrcxrrnocov;, rn ouvopooynon Kr ug perneuo npoonoBereg crvo8epnong rng Xuv8nxng rarvXeptiv n orpn TrS rooxtKsg npooeyyioeig pe ro eSvrxronx xrvnpo rng ToupKiqg nou eixov, peoa oro 1921,Nporn uotgn fcL,\.Aio. n ltoro xor n loreLrNnPooio. Aurn n roooon rng evoouppoxrxng evrmog, oe ouvuoolr Us rn peref,i.rfn rou xepcrKouKtvnporos ono xolrnopoo oe ilporclyovrcrn, epetrevo slnpsooouv ovcrorcr-.nxo, rrpogro envrxo upoyporrig T0. rrg nepolrcpo cf,cif,erg. Yuopxer,reog,evcrororxeio ro ouoio, revepytiwog oC xorvg nopovopoorns rotv no.ponovo, eivo.t oc Seon vo npooOnoer rnv An npoAnporrxn. Ilpxenru ylo rnv ovrinqrn mS vopng, ro udte )

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yeporn ovuEooerg, n Secopio rng Meyong Iog etoupyei neproorepo cog epyoeiorxov vo ef,oprioer, ouyxupror<o, oyroviegevgOvoug uopo ug ornv urrnpeoio pro.goroOepng xor org<prooEnpo ouoreeoporr xpctrxng orpolnyxng. xng Axpn xerprepc,n n rorooroon rns Eoog rrposTcr ren rng exoericrg '10 (uol.trxn, orporou uorurn, orr<ovolur<n, xorvovrr<n, Euxooyrxn) ev euupnerrnv ooxnon prog ourprrluxng notrxng. npog Seolrouxgellpog n ornvn peroorpo<pn nroyegrrou xopoKrnpizer rov npooovctorop rng envrxng rnolroriog rnv iro euoxn; Og uupoxpornrng evnpynoov ooEo.rilg ovmoreg r<or or upooouoovooyeg, ouyxpnrxo pe ug opxrr<g xieg, emruxieg rorv Borovrrv llopr'rviloD eUEonoov orov envrxl.o tnv qreuoioBnonrng uvo1rng. nevovrogoro oro8nrnpr rou, o EeuBprogBevrzog upoono8noc vo onoxopiocr ou ourn rnv KooUoyovrr<n, reBvn xioe poxo, eroerio ro pyroro uvor <peog npoxerpvouvo ovooOpioerrn xpo rou oro euiueo rng volrngoro oxovrx Kor, yvr' lleneropvogxrepo, oro Feooyeror orepor1ro. n u eqroov oulrlroxio Uerous Boxovrougyeiroveg Kcrpiloug, opueuon n eixe enrEper rougupdlroug pe ug Meyoeg uvoperg Bo onyooe ornv eKtou u..nproon opolrorog,rexixnoe, ro 1919,rpnpo o.n rnv o8copcrvrxn l,eio. Mver vo ovoporn8ope xoro uoo n uro8ernon prog rexrxnrrxng uolurxng ornpizercrrnovo oe pro peo.rouxnouovopng. lrui uvorg eiripnon rng roBo4rng vor ereivog nou yvropizer ro pro rou, exrrlro xor onpoKerIlpoorpuydnouo f,rouorei ug uvorrnrgrou, opyovcbveror pvou vo emoer ug 8oergrou Ueoo rcrnpayyro neprpevouv non evo.veooorqro, evBouoregouvolro, oreyoo4 und prog yelroto ovooEoero ror uuapf,roxn oyorvio poreoecov 8on roxuog n oxpn Uern xpnon 6[o ou TnBouli Tov xporog ovuo1roverorrnv onooron rou, oKlcr- icrg.uoruxdlgriuoro on ro nopouovco ev oupE{vov ypoEei ro nenpcolrvorou, [pooUerpo ug uvolrerg rozetor Ue rnv envrr<n ro rns npoyporrr<rnro eq0rvnopo roD oe Urcrxpio4rn Koprrn rng uopeiogrou, rn Uo- Iloxns. rou 1522 vorxn ioorgorrypn uou xo.Leirur vo oor<noerpro To xnopo ovopeoo.oe vo grof,o, ev0ouorn rer<rxnrrxnuourxn. Tpio reropro rou crrdlvo opyo xor pro oveuopxororn unoo1rn onoreei, ev yrcpo. ro oulrucpooporooqnvouv Uro cwovn ycuxoro.xeir, rov oKpoyovrqio iBo rns UrKpctorctrron nixpog. xng xoroorpogng. Av n ex<popo you ovtclrlorou To Seropnrrr unoOpo,xor' opxog, eoxroro xpiveror ornv uvon evg 8voug, n Ecroev yro elrnorn oe neprnrereg. upooEpero.r Meyonoer vo eivor prcr xcipn xpeopvn, rxcropvn,pe uvon, Eo[,n, orroonooUcrrlr<n, ororoo,r<or voneguvr4rergoro8nrq cnouvo1rr,:1rveg ef,orriog xroxrxv erxoSopioeog ef,,ovrnpvn,relog, cru pxr poxpxpovn nepioo uoeprr<ng ${ **g$m w*xs##{saxffiq ffiffiffi##*q mpmqw3 x{*ffim ypnyopong.flo.irrng nc.lg envnrqy o Bevrzeog '!* eixe ; r : q ** K e ? q [.N & E v nr { pff*i ro i.gr v uoe, ncog npof,,errc 1912,oro povorr roBo4ro nopoyovro: rnv ruxn. uoruxg Souporo q]${slmn ffi#rxTrKnq ev oulro.ivouv uopo.pvo pro popo, orarKcu crv $Jrfiqfr{"!Tp#}Tfi{fiq Liyo Lerqevo erroornv nepinrr,ronrou 1919-1922 T vo..nE8ouv.

llspqyalv orqEeponoinonq
vng xr pvo ug uvcrlrerg, ol,o r<o.r rovrxo ro {ol-re r}tv ouroueloiSnon roug>.O evroErcropog, lic{r npoylrarr, rng Meyolng Iog,roErBuvouoog reoz\olitrg uou cBvoug,oro. epeiuro.rng Irrtvrxng Mnrpono-\nE. ev oqerrov orov roxup xor pvo v xperozorovxcrnorog ornpif,er or<pnKcrr rrc npovo rov xpuoopo TnS tluctg' eixe onoei porpoiogpero rnv orBnpevo toxupropo yro rn onlrooio rng prxpooroncrncoeicr nBrxv epeloporov rrou rn ornprzov. rov xng rpoyoicrg,ro reeuroio our yeyovg Bo opxouAnoreei roroprx rir,\o yro rnv Eoo, ou or oe yro vcrrov rxcrroer. ouvoprnon ev rourorsFe H eneKrcrrKcst"ngtptoof,iegeixov oro0epo ouvu-nepo xor on rnv euixnon rcovroroprxv rn ro1rp<poon vov yeo.rno}nrxtovpcov onpeio qrovOei oro otrpong rng vorroclvc[orxng EupunE ps rnv rng rxoic,rv pe ro emxeipnlro rng e8vooyrxnguDyyug Avaron.ev orcppee on povn rn vccreunepoxngoro ecrEn, rrposrcronoroorpEovrovol eoroyvtolrio rng roDpKrKnS emxpcnerog.H Eoq,oBvrxeg rexrxnoerg. flpoonr,tlreveg ornv crpxn KoUn, Feocl on rq epeinrcrrng Korclorporpng oBcr rcov e0vornrcov yp.cl ooevcrKor eupurep crrrovrnoer epeiotrrorcr rxovcr vcr ouprcrouv ornv eSvreNr oroug Nnougrng reOvog xorvcovicrg rou Kn ovcloDyKpornon. eropon neprooreprlvcrneH 19oDKor rr,rvcrpxal rou 20ou crrvcr or uneBuveg vapror eKctiolrpuprorrpoo(puycDv, nproupyrxc,rv oNuepvnoergKot n Kotvn yvcdlrn rng xolpcrg, Ucrorov Kol oyporv cru trg (xouevS norpieg>rng xpro ou roBe ucrpppnonrlrneprororlKnsueng, Mrxpog Aoiog, rou llvrou Kor tng OpcrNng, eBo eixcw upootiroer oug eurrf,ergrous ro yvnoro pnourioer ro ov8pnrvo uvoprx rng eeuSepng evn1rorou <crurpouopou>. An rn orrypn, potg, rlrKpcneros uooortxo xcu uotouNcr. eBvrNnouvoH nou or ooreeuirNegeuo.pxieg rng O8colrovrxng xn Bo evroxu8ei onoqroorouxo-rroirepoorls crpor- Auroxporopicrgeixcw exNevr,t0ei on roug EnoKororKnUsveg euoioBnreg pereg rropxles rngvopOof,oug xoroixoug roug,ev nrov nn egrxi, Kor n nopcryoyrr<npoornprrnro Bo evroOei evruol' oure xor oe xqOenepinroon rxnrooynpevo, notoroNcr ornv ucrr8po,oo Kcu oro peyocr cLou- vo onoreov ro ovur<eipevo rexiNnong. xo r<evrpo. Ecrq, H eorio rng envrxnge8vrxng To uuor<orcrorcrro reooyiognou eixe ouverng OtKOYeVf-lOS. KOrtnv ovCtYKOouKn t0 Crvctxrripnon yeiper yevegEtrnvr,tvxqr eixe onorunr,t8eiornv Ue rou peycrouyr<ourrrtv croyevtiv ororxeiurv nou rpof,n Kor oro yo,epeeNrorevo ovoznrn8ei rorouoov oro.ecr<pn ovoyrovo' evcr rng, on ro enpog rcxpopeuxg ovolreocr rougxoreu8uvoets, xoBvooyrxooporoyevoorpo xcun lrio cruoqrnoro oprg orrro ouxvo ueprexpevo. pog n yevrroreAv poroyevorepo eOvrxxporog rng Eupnng. pn crurnovoznrnon npooprzrcn' upoexroOe!oe vo llporou auotuncoBov veg xoreuBvoergnou or xpovrx poxpog, or uo,\urr<g eurnroergrou rrou H oxnvf rnc orJrouEcuvoUvou xoBrorouocl rrroKrrun rnv o,poVtiS'oU,ixrv lpoorovizovrcrv oro nonrr<ueio' n upoypouxn xcuctoroon rou orlppeuoe on rn UrKpctolclrrKn peon ro1rptproon Kovcovpnf,,rxAeu0otv r:rnoyv. onO AupiS io, roorpoEn eixe ouvenqxOei przrxn crvoOecbpnon Opycvrxo ouvoppooprves, crvctyKrorrueg rrn or rns roup*rxrotv yevrxtepcov reooyrxv npooclororogriiv ooreplKngxor ef,orreprxng no.LnrxngBo unnyopeutnnrxo xot oouv Uro vo e8vrxn orpcunyrr<n. rorpoponoinH droxroug roercg tou Envropo.<Or upeourepoipog -emonpoiver "Eeu8epo on, pororo, or4vnpoxupafo uopoorour<oo Dpyog Oeotoxg oro rng reeuroiosourns orro rnv opeools llveupct" ro 1929-orof,ovoro rtrrovr ))puprng r4glppvqg upoyevorepnrng unnpf,e roo przrxn, c,tore ei- ) vo tou KoN:tANltNoy Iso.{onoynoy xcOn1'nrii Ioropicgflovemotnpiou A0nvc,tv

47

ITA@EPOnOIH)H

vo.r uvqr vcr unoornprxBei u ro roxr,rproux rous oDvopo rorelrverxtr8etcr,oe uo neproug, rnv uo.trnrxn roropio rng verepngEoog. npoonoong Eueno, npoypou, ou vqv o.rvcr oro reeg rou ourpouopo, or el,nvu<egxuepvnoerg uroOerooovorg xoSoprorrx yvti-rpovcr orn roppEoJonrng ef,,oreprxngroug nortrxng rnv npooouron rng eoqrrr<ng orepcrrtnrosKor rn tng rornpnon rng crvef,crprnoiog xpcrg.H eppovn oro xoBeorgrc,rv ouvBnxv rng erpnvngKol oroug xovveg rng re8vogvoprlrrnrog xoOrepovrov orgoro0epn oon. H ef,oerqn rov eOvooyrxdrv upounoSoecov eixov ovoyoyerrnv queeu8enou poon rorv orpc'ncov peolroeOvv oe npo-rro.pxrr< yro rnv ovunpo, Bcrcrnoreoer rnv oEernpio orpoEn rov npoyeveorepcrvorpornyrxv euroyv. H ouyxevrpoon oro eoEn rng ee8epng e-oe ouvrprlrrx noooornrxporerogrou peizovog

"f{;}:r {i} 'rx.},l; g*p**vn {r"q:#i{##!Ii{:r'ili;l}{, ilrlffi'r t!(*;\f M mi !*tP*.*Vffiq #{lf,rLii4:i:3i#'{}1{irr{; K{g} Yfi{ &'!fl{$V{}1,}{; {:*}{ wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 3 LiIW#'if tq K## fii{lq}r'i,{{teT#'il {} f ## gxta txr *

rUnpcnogrng e0vrxng ooyevsrg,eixe o.uoorepnoer rnv tfleKrrrKn nolrtrxn o.rr ouorqoux rng to neprex1revo' xor xcrBrorouoe, rourxpovo, errlroXtrXn tnv OvOyxnYlct InV eOtlreprxnovoOuvrof,n Kctl rnv ovt4termon xpiorlrr,rv KorvcrvrKrov orKcrr xovoluxv rpo}'npororv. H npoBnon rov eKnpos rnv KoTeDxpcp6v ourprurrxv orrnporo-rv. Suvon -rre- rng orexovnoou, BopeiouHuerrng pou Kor rng Kupou, epee crvrlperonorei o.n vo rnv uue8uvn nyeoio oov ouvo.prnonrng crvooOKupoDS rng rn-.tolrmrNng Kor rUronsrou re8voug oxuos rng xpog. H Eqq, un ug vees cruTS povrlrrepcr, oroBepororouvBnxeg, crvcryovrov, oe nrrx nepr<peperox nopoyovro Kor oulrlrereixe enorxoolrnrrxo orn yevrxrepn rorxooioylo rnv opBooyrxnopyovoon rng re8vogxorvcoviog. IrpopEno' xr xor uoef,nynrn ouyxupicrEepe 6ore n veq ruLopcruKn orpornyrxn rng El,ooSvo ox4roorei upcoropxrxooro neio rorv oxroeo)v Ue rnv Toupxicr iyo prg xpvrcrpercr rnv olreirxrn ouyKpouonrr,rvuo -A.crv perrooro rro rng Mrxpcrg Aoicrg.H npooernKupoon, Ue rn EuvBnxn rng ozowng, rng oprouKng rorouong rng O8colrovrxng Auroxporopiogeixe ouvuooreipe rn rooEo.Lron rcovupouoOoeovyrcr rnv cvcryoyn rou vcou c8vrxou roupKrKouxporoug oc nopoyovro oro8eponornrrx,ovriororxo pe rnv Eoo, o.nooypevoon uoptoxnpevegenerrcruKesKor

nyepovrKesproof,ieg.O etprorng rng upotporng oxl,npng crvolrerpnong roug ev 0o ovqoreiler rnv npooeyylon rov uo nv, ooropevn ornv nyeoiogrous vo Un xorvn onon rng uneOuvng xcrBeorg uou proropof,ouveEef,ngro eo<prx rg eixe oulrorrxo noyro0ei. O E. Bevrzogxot o Keg Arotopx 0o npooonouornooDgFero rn rcroroon, rnv npooyyron rov uo ,\oV norgBct crnoruuoBeiong oupgcoviegrou 1930 r<or,crxpn neproorepo,oug npoooxieg nou Bo exBpeqrouv. Exnpn erpcoveio loropiog, or oxooersnou yerng gupBnxov rnv euoprorns UrKpoorcrTrKng rpoyoeroiog 0o roppnyouvxr 8crof,uvBouvnog erieg opyrepo,rqv n nyeoicrrng Ayxupog uol.rvpolrnoer oe treEergeuexrcnrxgxor pong nye,-^---^---,:^l

lrUVrU rr^USj

Xnpepo, oxev oxr enoeriegpero rn poporrxn ef,oo rou EAnvropou.Lr ouvcnoycrol n ovoeopo orn Mrr<poAoiq Tr onopver ou ro peyolo roroprx xe<pooro, ouyxporei rnv nopouoio rou Enu eotpn; vropo yro rpersxrreriegorcrUrKpclorffirxo xor, neproorepo, pvnUn. n AoEogor ovolrvnoerg <uoruxg> Ag pnv npoore8ei,unoxpeouxo,n f,,n n <pvo>,yrori n roroprKnUvnUn, pe onpeio crvotpopngo' evo roroprx peye0ogovooyope crurnou owrnpoooneer n po.xpoicovnnopouoio rou Envropo orn Mrxpo Aoiq, quoreeizo:vrovn Kctrcrvouo.Aorpitorn nol,noprxn uopoxoro8nr<n.

rou oDvo0rrcr ro rrn8uoUrx potooix rng o8oUovrKnSenrxporerog,8o upoooer oro iro our yeyovgxoroutrxeg roroprKesroorooerg. ooH xnpc'nrxn emNpornon oro neio rr,tv noe1rrrv emxerpnoeovBo.nnoEeperyro rov MouoroEo Kepcr.Lrn uvorrnro.vcr eqroppoer crnpoxonro to notrx rou lpoypcr1rpo.rdsTrSonrepcg fiopoperpous roD' ouyKoKplUevo, ef,oorpcrrioero.nro vcr ecrqn,nou eoro oxerlKclDrlprepouo roupKrro K lrouooupovrx, r<crOe ooyevgeBvrNn 0pnoxeurtx nnOuoprx ororxeio. O Envrolrg,uorepo on rpergxrreries zooyovos uopouoiog,c,t8ovrov ioro ornv f,ooon rn Mxpo Aoiq, rov llvro xor, oKUn,rnv Avororxn Opoxn. Oo.nrov uvqr vo unoreSeiu, orroKor pro pepicr o.u ro nepiuou uo eroropgpro Envc,tv nou rorooov oro xpo rns <xoO'npng Avorong> 8o xorpBorvevo ovtroroOei ornv reyxrn

E4veg orpon6reg nsprn0rovror orqv Eoo neovevo rpouporropevo npooguydnouo Kor p0v0 Trl Tou

,{}i-i{} {3 #ffi&rzw*ffir;a*{, ,i{fi:#p* Tl*is$ xiitl*xi*q '{*;x ex'q tvamt:: t t##{*q, *l,ffi lt*vxxir ffig I* {'ttir:b * * q*k*&{.2 {syy\,w {z*'cti:l\*csc.p* &ry**

Av ovoznrn0ei n neproorepoonllcrvrrKn ropn om ropopn rng verepngenvrxngroropio.g, ro epporopog Bo nrov euoyoupcorcrpxrxo orpovo rpoyr,tio eoDVorn perocronon rn UrKpcrorouKn orn vecrupoypcurxrnro nou uvoeror poo cru uS criloeooers yro rng Xuvrcroxeqng rnv Erpnvn Aiyoug pnveg opyrepo orn ozown. H xorvrovrKn Kql reooyrr<n zpoon nou ouvreornxerre orougxnougrou Bvougelre),evo onoerxOei, oug o.ncirepeg roroprxgroorooergrng, oBurepn xor cruourn iorognou eixe ouvencrx8ei, vov orttvo vrrrpirepo, oDoroon rou ovef,,crptnrou n envrxou xpctoug. Apeotepo orrres o euineo rrortrx, or enrnroelg rou irou gcrrvolrvou peroBo. of,ouvprzrxo.ug ovoznrnoergrou Bvoug roo oro eooreprxoo xor oro reSves ueio - xr pvo pcrxponp8eopooq xor poxutpBeopo. rurcl roD envrxo orporoD, oro Uerpo nou npoorproe rnv n exqon rns prKpcrorouKng exorporeiog,Bcrnrqv eoyo vo exrrpn8ci xo8eourn t-rgroroprxyeyovog lporopxrxng onpcroiog. oulruoxn H ev rourols nourxv xcrr rnrolrotrr<vouyxuprv, pe ouvu(poopevov rn peuorn uourxn rcrtvMeyoarvuvolrecov, rnv ef,erruxn nopeicl rou roupUs rrxou eOvrxrour<o r<rvnporosKclr,oxpn, Us rnv o3orn roopponioovolreoooug Eueur<g opoeg

onon rov TopNc'tve8vrxrotr,tv, ovef,eeyxrotv nn ornv euprepnz<ivn nou eixrv enroeru, vc4uxo rnv xupropxio roug;H ouvernrouoinonrng ouoroour<ngouvopio.gyrcr ovripcron 8o r.lOnoer oDrn rnv envrxn xuepvnon xr ou-\q vo errxupoer oulrour<o,oq Kur, r<cnnrpoyrxn ouyxupio, vo oor<l.npoer pyorng ef,ourc'rvoro poeOvv tng on uS nponcrroptKes rous eorieg. O Eeu0prog Bevrzog, evoopKornsourgrng Meo ynng Icrgornv rrro rollrnpn eKqovon rne, errNeqongnn rng envrxng crvufrpooolriog oug rcrnpoyporeuors rnv urroypoen rng erpnvng, yro Bo oueoervo eurznrnoer,uporo n ovcruqreuxrn quyn rou envrxou ororxeiou on ro roupxrxcr eoEn ouoreoer yeyovgoe Uovoperereeopevo pn oon, rnv ovriororxn eKKrvoJon envrrng rng errrKporsros crnrnv uopouoio rov oupnoyv pouooutrpovrxv un0uopriv. Me rr<nrou nporoouio. 0o enroneuo8ein xrnpoypcneuuxn rorxcroicrrou 0o onoLnf,er, oug 30 Iovoucrpiou 1923,otn ouvolroynon rng Drroxperouxngovtcroyng ro:v nn8uopv perof, Eoogr<o.r Toupxiog. H Mrxpo Aoio, on ug ucrpu<pg Kc'tvorovrrvounong rng g rnv Aef,,ovpero on rnv A).rxopvcroog xor rlg eoxorresrou llvrou, peroo),rov, yro uprn <popo ornv Ioropio, oe yeolotrxn zvn U oxev onoxLerouxn rnv ncrpouoiorou pouooulpovrKOU OIOIXeIOU.

yQagia
ArrE^oMATHt x.E.. Tpayaiag, r., 3n Meydng Xpovtxv
rng Br,\.romoeiov Eoriog, ABnvo 1971

AnnaN,laNH s.IIANA|IOTOIOYAOYK., <H ouppoxrxn evrotrnyto tnv xoro.trmyn rng r<or rngEgupvng n poornpronoinon ato nyeoiog>, Meeuipaw e-.nvrxng yvp an wv BevtzlLo xatmv enofr. roq errlr. O. Beppn-O. ABnvo 1980 Anpnrporuouou,

AsapnalHr 4.,
(H trnKpoororrxn xoroo rpoqn>, Iov. 1923-x.e. Apa0eta, BEPEMH' E.-KCI'TH' K.. HE?vtxh TlrtnezaomMufi. Aoia (1919IpupoE8vung MopEt'nu< 1922), Tponzng, A0nvo1984

Mopf,,rouxv xataoq)oQrl,Kvrpo Amuepo(1982), Emompovrx EpuvV Enoxn,ABnvo1984 Euyxpovn - H E\tpvnKaiyew, Eppng,ABnvo 1983 KAAAIABA' A., To otxovoptx pMov mg Mrcfrg Aoiag, ABiwat922 KAUH' n., Ilrig ermyapeom Ejtpvn xu nri4 qpfuqte, ABnvo1923 KoNTO|IANNH' fI., ld)ryIneiq. mg Mtx@g Aoiag, A9iwct r92\

'oYAICITH' A., A xdrctxot wti Mt<pS AoiaS,ABnvo1921 EnANoMANCIAH' X., At4tdarog tav Topxav, AYowrog 1923,AilwalS57 L922-Ayowtog O., ETPATH|OE 1925 ev H E/rag Mwln Aoia, ABiwct K.N., TPIANTAoYAAOY <Brroypotpio Mrxpoorotrrng Mvnpoovn,4, t972-73 exorporeiog>,

a.r., Xpvroxoov
To enwxvtnnxv xatdmv -1922, M txp otauxhv exmparciav 1919 A8nvo1934

oenplor r.,
O InryonoAimg A0nvo 1929 EppvnS XpwootoPog MATAPA|KA' A., Mapat qtpal tav e)nvxotdwv enapxtcitv Ktftovtv xat Mooxovnoiav, Xpupvn 1919

N., UrrryovxHr
H Mxpaotauxn xaraotlnQn, A8nvo1977 Emxorprnro, LEWIS 8., The Emergenceof Modern TwkeY, 1968 O[rppn MACOASL., L'Hellnisme de I'Asie Minewe.,, flopior 1919

n.u.. BrnsraNo
H peydn npoooia, O pLog tou Ipneparcpoomv Mxpaotaufr Kataapogn xat mv hsvnxn mg Aazavvng,Kvtpo Appevrxv MeetV A8nvox.x. BOYAAAAI K.. H ptxponuxn exotparcia 1919-1922, Aiua xat aeopltai mg wxg oulteofig, peyaeiaxu atmteg, otlnApata xat taeuyowat ersxatpiw, ABnvo1959 |BNNHMNTRT e., emv Q mparcgpagonyopevog huav: Arfrewtxa\ enionpot, totoPxai onpetoetgmg ptxp.otautrrig exotpareiag,Oeoool,ovixn1932

MnrzalHr r.r.,
Evptov IIoApov exoqnteiag MtxpC El.nvuro fug Aoiag on 1919 7922, lpol4roro, A0nvo 1994

r., Mnowa.
ornv OBr,tlrovun <Oroueutrxg ertroyeg oueurg Or Autoxporopio. El.nveg AerioKwPou 1908191&), Mrcpaonuxv fuorfn, t. L' (Agtepolro MrxPootottxn otn ABnvo1983 KoroorpoEn), - O rcAewaiog mg E-ltnwoUog MPaS Aoiag, Kvrpo MrxpoororrnvEnouv AEnvo1974

Mannws.,
The Genesof Young Ottoman Thought,flpivotov 1962

McCanrnv,r.,
<GreekStatisticsof Ottoman Greek Population>,Internationai Journai of r. Twkh stuilies,Automn 1980, I, op.2 A,J., PANAYOTOPOULOS <TheHellenic Contribution to the OttomanLabour and Socialist Enaes Movementafter 1908)), 1980/81 BaJkaniques,

fva.trrrpar r.,
Ta aitta mg xaworpogrtg wu 7922, ABnvo1924

Pollr u.,
1950 HE^ afuomMwpaAoia, ABnvo

4,., Xeo,\onov\or
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Smyrne, ville grecque,Ilopiot 1919

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