Increased Women whose Declining Genetic factors Thyrotoxicosis Low body weight (less than Aging

acceleration in bone ovaries have testosterone (60% - 80%) Hyperparathyroidism about 128 lbs)
loss because of the stopped levels Anorexia nervosa Current cigarette smoking
loss of natural functioning, such Cushing’s syndrome Impaired vision
estrogen as women being Long term use of Dementia
treated for the medications such as Poor health/frailty
prevention and thyroid hormone, Recent falls
treatment of anticonvulsants, Inadequate physical activity
ovarian and furosemide and Low intake of dietary
breast cancer corticosteroids calcium (lifelong)
History of low-trauma Suboptimal levels of serum
fracture in a 1st degree vitamin D
relative Alcohol in amounts of more
than two drinks per day
Personal history of fracture

Increased duration of bone loss

Change in bone Aging of bone Accumulation of

architecture tissue microdamage

Thinning of bone cortex

Marked weakness of bones

Progressive bone deformities Fracture Functional disability

Physical immobility

Shortened stature Compression

fracture for
vertebral DEVELOPMENT OF
deformities DECUBITUS ULCERS
Progressive dorsal
kyphosis

Pain accompanied by
skeletal fractures
Resting of lower ribs
on iliac crest

Downward Restricted lung

pressure on expansion
viscera

Impaired respiration

Abdominal Pain
distention and Generalized
bloating hypoxia

Anoxia

DEATH
 Osteoporosis Aging

Physical immobility Decrease in circulation Incontinence

Decreased nutrients to Moisture

periphery

Skin maceration
Restricted movements External pressure
Fixed position Friction
Displacement of tissue Shearing force
Skin breakdown

Disruption of blood flow to capillary

beds and arterioles Decubitus ulcer
Stretching or rupture to blood vessels

Edema, autolysis of cells

Tissue ischemia

Decubitus ulcer

Worsening of tissue
injury

Increased depth of wound

Tunneling / fistulas

Infection

Systemic sepsis

DEATH