KRIMINOLOGI

Oleh : Topo Santoso, SH. MH.

MATERI PEMBAHASAN

Mengapa Kriminologi Lahir ? Apa Kriminologi itu ? Apa obyek studi Kriminologi ? Mazhab 2 Kriminologi Teori-teori Kriminologi

MENGAPA KRIMINOLOGI LAHIR ?

Ketidakpuasan pada : 1) Hukum Pidana 2) Hukum Acara Pidana 3) Cara Penghukuman Penerapan Statistik

Apa Kriminologi itu ? (Definisi)

Ilmu pengetahuan yang bertujuan menyelidiki gejala kejahatan seluas-luasnya (Bonger) The body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon (Sutherland) kumpulan ilmu pengetahuan tentang kejahatan yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan pengertian tentang gejala kejahatan dengan jalan mempelajari dan menganalisa secara ilmiah keterangan2, keseragaman2, pola2 dan faktor2 kausal yg. Berhubungan dg. Kejahatan, Pelaku kejahatan, serta reaksi masyarakat thd. Keduanya (Wolfgang, Savitz, Johnston)

OBYEK STUDI KRIMINOLOGI

Kejahatan

Penjahat

Reaksi Masyarakat terhadap Kejahatan dan Penjahat

MAZHAB2 DALAM KRIMINOLOGI

Klasik - Indeterminisme - free will (Becharia, Bentham) Positif - Determinisme - Biologi - Psikologi - Kultural Kriminologi Baru

TEORI 2 KRIMINOLOGI
Teori 2 dr. Perspektif Biologi dan Psikologi Teori 2 dr. Perspektif Sosiologi Teori 2 dr. Perspektif lain

TEORI 2 DARI PERSPEKTIF BIOLOGI

C. Lombroso (LhuomoDelinquente Atavistic Stigmata) Enrico Ferri & Garofalo Charles B.Goring Body Types ( Kretcmer, Hooten, Seldon, Glueck & Glueck) Disfungsi Otak & Learning Disabilities Faktor 2 Genetika

TEORI 2 DARI PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGIS

Strain Theories (Anomie, Strain) Cultural Deviance Theories ( Social disorganizatio n, differential association, culture conflik) Control Social

ANOMIE THEORI (Emile Durkheim)

Struktural functionalist anomie normlessnes sudden economic change

STRAIN THEORY (Robert K.Merton)

Cultural goals & legitimate means Disparity between goals & means fosters frustation, which leads to strain Modes of Adaptations (conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion)

DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY

Criminal behavior is learned Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other person in a process of communication The principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes (a) techniques of commiting the crime; (b) the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, & attitudes The specific direction of motives & drives is learned from definitions of the legal codes as fovorable or unfavorable A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitios favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, & intencity The process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal & anticriminal patterns involves all mechanism that are involved in any other learning While criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it is not explained by those general needs and values, since noncriminal behavior is an expression of the same needs and values.

DIFFERENTIAL A S SOCI A T ION TH E ORY (E. H. Sutherland)

KEJAHATAN ITU DIPELAJARI

SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY

Social Bonds 1. Attachment 2. Commitment 3. Involvement 4. Belief (Hirchi) Techniques of Netralization (Matza)

THEORI 2 PERSPEKTIF LAIN

Labeling Conflict Critical