Chapter 3

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CHAPTER 3Methods of Study and Sources of DataResearch Design

The study utilized a descriptive research design. The researcher described theenvironmental conditions of Balumbato Elementary School with regard to noise, air,water, and soil pollution. She used primary and secondary data based on the results of laboratory analyses provided by the DENR-EMB and the Bureau of Soils and Water Management. The causes of these environmental problems and their on the health of the pupils as perceived by the respondents of the study were also identified.

Respondents of the Study

Four hundred twenty-one (421) respondents composed of two hundred (200) parents, two hundred (200) pupils, and twenty-one (21) teachers, were chosen for thisstudy. The total population of the school was 728 but only 482 pupils in Grades III, IV,V and VI were included in the stratified sampling. ( See Table 1 for the distribution of pupil respondents according to grade levels.) Only the pupils from these grade levelswere included in the study because they could easily comprehend and answer thequestionnaire. Stratification was done to establish homogeneity within each group sothat clear differences between groups were determined

1

. e.g. Grades III & V afternoonsession and Grades IV & VI morning session. The lottery technique was used to choose

1

Divina M. Edralin,

Business Research, Concepts, and Application

, (DelaSalle University, Manila, 2000), 69.33

the 200 pupil respondents. After the pupil respondents had been chosen, either of theindividual pupil’s parents was also requested to answer the questionnaire. All of the 21teachers in Balumbato Elementary School, except the researcher, were also requested to participate in the study.To obtain the sample size, Sloven’s formula

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was used.

n =

N1 + Ne

2

where: N = population size;E = 0.05 level of significancen = 4821+482 (.05)

2

n = 4822.415

=

199.59or 200 (sample pupils size)

2

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Table 1Frequency and Percentage of Pupil Respondentsby Grade Level

GRADE LEVELBOYSGIRLSTOTALPERCENTAGESAMPLE SIZE

III595811724.349IV546311724.348V576412125.150VI527512726.353

Total222260482100%200

Table 2 presents the number and percentage distribution of the respondents bysex and category. Out of the 200 pupil respondents, 96 were male and 104 were female.The respondent parents consisted of 32 males and 168 females, evidence that moremothers are in touch with their children’s needs and concern about school. Among theteacher respondents, three were male while 18 were female. All in all, 200 or 47.5% of the respondents were pupils, 200 or 47.5% were their parents, and 21 or 5% wereteachers of Balumbato Elementary School.35

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